Question: What factors best characterize tree competitive environments in this structurally diverse old-growth forest, and do these factors vary spatially within and among stands?
\nLocation: Old-growth Picea abies forest of boreal Sweden.
\nMethods: Using long-term, mapped permanent plot data augmented with dendrochronological analyses, we evaluated the effect of neighbourhood competition on focal tree growth by means of standard competition indices, each modified to include various metrics of trees size, neighbour mortality weighting (for neighbours that died during the inventory period), and within-neighbourhood tree clustering. Candidate models were evaluated using mixed-model linear regression analyses, with mean basal area increment as the response variable. We then analysed stand-level spatial patterns of competition indices and growth rates (via kriging) to determine if the relationship between these patterns could further elucidate factors influencing tree growth.
\nResults: Inter-tree competition clearly affected growth rates, with crown volume being the size metric most strongly influencing the neighbourhood competitive environment. Including neighbour tree mortality weightings in models only slightly improved descriptions of competitive interactions. Although the within-neighbourhood clustering index did not improve model predictions, competition intensity was influenced by the underlying stand-level tree spatial arrangement: stand-level clustering locally intensified competition and reduced tree growth, whereas in the absence of such clustering, inter-tree competition played a lesser role in constraining tree growth.
\nConclusions: Our findings demonstrate that competition continues to influence forest processes and structures in an old-growth system that has not experienced major disturbances for at least two centuries. The finding that the underlying tree spatial pattern influenced the competitive environment suggests caution in interpreting traditional tree competition studies, in which tree spatial patterning is typically not taken into account. Our findings highlight the importance of forest structure – particularly the spatial arrangement of trees – in regulating inter-tree competition and growth in structurally diverse forests, and they provide insight into the causes and consequences of heterogeneity in this old-growth system.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Vegetation Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jvs.12096","usgsCitation":"Fraver, S., D’Amato, A.W., Bradford, J.B., Jonsson, B.G., Jonsson, M., and Esseen, P., 2013, Tree growth and competition in an old-growth Picea abies forest of boreal Sweden: influence of tree spatial patterning: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 25, no. 2, p. 374-385, https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12096.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"374","endPage":"385","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-042516","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277525,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12096"}],"country":"Sweden","county":"V�sterbotten County","otherGeospatial":"Gardfj�llet Nature Reserve","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 14.26,63.41 ], [ 14.26,66.34 ], [ 21.62,66.34 ], [ 21.62,63.41 ], [ 14.26,63.41 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7993e4b0b2908510cec6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fraver, Shawn","contributorId":91379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fraver","given":"Shawn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":483874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Amato, Anthony W.","contributorId":28140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"D’Amato","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6735,"text":"University of Vermont, Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13478,"text":"Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota (Correspondence to: russellm@umn.edu)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":483871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jonsson, Bengt Gunnar","contributorId":27361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonsson","given":"Bengt","email":"","middleInitial":"Gunnar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jonsson, Mari","contributorId":65003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonsson","given":"Mari","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Esseen, Per-Anders","contributorId":54113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esseen","given":"Per-Anders","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70047910,"text":"70047910 - 2013 - The silent threat of low genetic diversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-30T10:35:02","indexId":"70047910","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T10:27:43","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3818,"text":"livebetter Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The silent threat of low genetic diversity","docAbstract":"Across the Caribbean, protected coastal waters have served as primary feeding and breeding grounds for the endangered Antillean manatee. Unfortunately, these same coastal waters are also a popular “habitat” for humans. In the past, the overlap between human and manatee habitat allowed for manatee hunting and threatened the survival of these gentle marine mammals. Today, however, threats are much more inadvertent and are often related to coastal development, degraded habitats and boat strikes. \n\nIn the state of Florida, decades of research on the species’ biological needs have helped conservationists address threats to its survival. For example, low wake zones and boater education have protected manatees from boat strikes, and many of their critical winter refuges are now protected. The Florida population has grown steadily, thus increasing from approximately 1,200 in 1991 to more than 5,000 in 2010. It is conceivable that in Florida manatees may one day be reclassified as “threatened” rather than “endangered.” \n\nYet, in other parts of the Caribbean, threats still loom. This includes small, isolated manatee populations found on islands that can be more susceptible to extinction and lack of genetic diversity. To ensure the species’ long-term viability, scientists have turned their sights to the overall population dynamics of manatees throughout the Caribbean. Molecular genetics has provided new insights into long-term threats the species faces. Fortunately, the emerging field of conservation genetics provides managers with tools and strategies for protecting the species’ long-term viability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"livebetter Magazine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Center for a Better Life","usgsCitation":"Hunter, M., 2013, The silent threat of low genetic diversity: livebetter Magazine, no. 32.","ipdsId":"IP-045114","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277177,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.centerforabetterlife.com/eng/magazine/article_detail.lasso?id=449"},{"id":277178,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5221bee8e4b001cbb8a34f3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, Margaret E. 0000-0002-4760-9302 mhunter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-9302","contributorId":4888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Margaret E.","email":"mhunter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70056567,"text":"70056567 - 2013 - Historical groundwater trends in northern New England and relations with streamflow and climatic variables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-21T10:11:40","indexId":"70056567","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T10:07:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical groundwater trends in northern New England and relations with streamflow and climatic variables","docAbstract":"Water-level trends spanning 20, 30, 40, and 50 years were tested using month-end groundwater levels in 26, 12, 10, and 3 wells in northern New England (Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont), respectively. Groundwater levels for 77 wells were used in interannual correlations with meteorological and hydrologic variables related to groundwater. Trends in the contemporary groundwater record (20 and 30 years) indicate increases (rises) or no substantial change in groundwater levels in all months for most wells throughout northern New England. The highest percentage of increasing 20-year trends was in February through March, May through August, and October through November. Forty-year trend results were mixed, whereas 50-year trends indicated increasing groundwater levels. Whereas most monthly groundwater levels correlate strongly with the previous month's level, monthly levels also correlate strongly with monthly streamflows in the same month; correlations of levels with monthly precipitation are less frequent and weaker than those with streamflow. Groundwater levels in May through August correlate strongly with annual (water year) streamflow. Correlations of groundwater levels with streamflow data and the relative richness of 50- to 100-year historical streamflow data suggest useful proxies for quantifying historical groundwater levels in light of the relatively short and fragmented groundwater data records presently available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12080","usgsCitation":"Dudley, R.W., and Hodgkins, G.A., 2013, Historical groundwater trends in northern New England and relations with streamflow and climatic variables: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 49, no. 5, p. 1198-1212, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12080.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1198","endPage":"1212","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-043007","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279313,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":279258,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12080"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine;New Hampshire;Vermont","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.0,42.0 ], [ -74.0,48.0 ], [ -67.0,48.0 ], [ -67.0,42.0 ], [ -74.0,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"49","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"528f53fde4b0660d392bede4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70074089,"text":"70074089 - 2013 - Noise suppression in surface microseismic data by τ-p transform","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-30T10:34:01","indexId":"70074089","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T09:44:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Noise suppression in surface microseismic data by τ-p transform","docAbstract":"Surface passive seismic methods are receiving increased attention for monitoring changes in reservoirs during the production of unconventional oil and gas. However, in passive seismic data the strong cultural and ambient noise (mainly surface-waves) decreases the effectiveness of these techniques. Hence, suppression of surface-waves is a critical step in surface microseismic monitoring.
\nWe apply a noise suppression technique, based on the τ — p transform, to a surface passive seismic dataset recorded over a Barnett Shale reservoir undergoing a hydraulic fracturing process. This technique not only improves the signal-to-noise ratios of added synthetic microseismic events, but it also preserves the event waveforms.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists International Exposition and 82nd Annual Meeting 2012 (SEG Las Vegas 2012)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Curran Associates, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Red Hook, NY","usgsCitation":"Forghani-Arani, F., Batzle, M., Behura, J., Willis, M., Haines, S., and Davidson, M., 2013, Noise suppression in surface microseismic data by τ-p transform, in Society of Exploration Geophysicists International Exposition and 82nd Annual Meeting 2012 (SEG Las Vegas 2012), v. 5.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"3826","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-036535","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287020,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.proceedings.com/17457.html"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537717c0e4b02eab8669ee2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forghani-Arani, Farnoush","contributorId":7588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forghani-Arani","given":"Farnoush","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batzle, Mike","contributorId":102766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batzle","given":"Mike","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Behura, Jyoti","contributorId":103948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behura","given":"Jyoti","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willis, Mark","contributorId":10309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haines, Seth 0000-0003-2611-8165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":97814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davidson, Michael","contributorId":65360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70094692,"text":"70094692 - 2013 - Hydrothermal contamination of public supply wells in Napa and Sonoma Valleys, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-24T09:46:36","indexId":"70094692","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T09:39:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal contamination of public supply wells in Napa and Sonoma Valleys, California","docAbstract":"Groundwater chemistry and isotope data from 44 public supply wells in the Napa and Sonoma Valleys, California were determined to investigate mixing of relatively shallow groundwater with deeper hydrothermal fluids. Multivariate analyses including Cluster Analyses, Multidimensional Scaling (MDS), Principal Components Analyses (PCA), Analysis of Similarities (ANOSIM), and Similarity Percentage Analyses (SIMPER) were used to elucidate constituent distribution patterns, determine which constituents are significantly associated with these hydrothermal systems, and investigate hydrothermal contamination of local groundwater used for drinking water. Multivariate statistical analyses were essential to this study because traditional methods, such as mixing tests involving single species (e.g. Cl or SiO2) were incapable of quantifying component proportions due to mixing of multiple water types. Based on these analyses, water samples collected from the wells were broadly classified as fresh groundwater, saline waters, hydrothermal fluids, or mixed hydrothermal fluids/meteoric water wells. The Multivariate Mixing and Mass-balance (M3) model was applied in order to determine the proportion of hydrothermal fluids, saline water, and fresh groundwater in each sample. Major ions, isotopes, and physical parameters of the waters were used to characterize the hydrothermal fluids as Na–Cl type, with significant enrichment in the trace elements As, B, F and Li. Five of the wells from this study were classified as hydrothermal, 28 as fresh groundwater, two as saline water, and nine as mixed hydrothermal fluids/meteoric water wells. The M3 mixing-model results indicated that the nine mixed wells contained between 14% and 30% hydrothermal fluids. Further, the chemical analyses show that several of these mixed-water wells have concentrations of As, F and B that exceed drinking-water standards or notification levels due to contamination by hydrothermal fluids.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.01.012","usgsCitation":"Forrest, M.J., Kulongoski, J., Edwards, M., Farrar, C.D., Belitz, K., and Norris, R.D., 2013, Hydrothermal contamination of public supply wells in Napa and Sonoma Valleys, California: Applied Geochemistry, v. 33, p. 25-40, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.01.012.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-020078","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282654,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.01.012"},{"id":282663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Napa Valley;Sonoma Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0,38.0 ], [ -123.0,39.0 ], [ -122.0,39.0 ], [ -122.0,38.0 ], [ -123.0,38.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd61d2e4b0b290850fdc23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forrest, Matthew J.","contributorId":8383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forrest","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":94750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Matthew S.","contributorId":53293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Matthew S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farrar, Christopher D. cdfarrar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"Christopher","email":"cdfarrar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":490815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Norris, Richard D.","contributorId":51651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70100643,"text":"70100643 - 2013 - Trends in the suspended-sediment yields of coastal rivers of northern California, 1955–2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:39:27","indexId":"70100643","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T09:22:01","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in the suspended-sediment yields of coastal rivers of northern California, 1955–2010","docAbstract":"Time-dependencies of suspended-sediment discharge from six coastal watersheds of northern California – Smith River, Klamath River, Trinity River, Redwood Creek, Mad River, and Eel River – were evaluated using monitoring data from 1955 to 2010. Suspended-sediment concentrations revealed time-dependent hysteresis and multi-year trends. The multi-year trends had two primary patterns relative to river discharge: (i) increases in concentration resulting from both land clearing from logging and the flood of record during December 1964 (water year 1965), and (ii) continual decreases in concentration during the decades following this flood. Data from the Eel River revealed that changes in suspended-sediment concentrations occurred for all grain-size fractions, but were most pronounced for the sand fraction. Because of these changes, the use of bulk discharge-concentration relationships (i.e., “sediment rating curves”) without time-dependencies in these relationships resulted in substantial errors in sediment load estimates, including 2.5-fold over-prediction of Eel River sediment loads since 1979. We conclude that sediment discharge and sediment discharge relationships (such as sediment rating curves) from these coastal rivers have varied substantially with time in response to land use and climate. Thus, the use of historical river sediment data and sediment rating curves without considerations for time-dependent trends may result in significant errors in sediment yield estimates from the globally-important steep, small watersheds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.02.041","usgsCitation":"Warrick, J., Madej, M.A., Goni, M.A., and Wheatcroft, R.A., 2013, Trends in the suspended-sediment yields of coastal rivers of northern California, 1955–2010: Journal of Hydrology, v. 489, p. 108-123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.02.041.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"123","ipdsId":"IP-045464","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285679,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285649,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.02.041"},{"id":285650,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169413001649"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Eel River;Klamath River;Mad River;Redwood Creek;Smith River;Trinity River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.01611111111111111,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.0011111111111111111 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"489","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535595a3e4b0120853e8c2ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warrick, J.A.","contributorId":53503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madej, Mary Ann 0000-0003-2831-3773 mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-3773","contributorId":40304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madej","given":"Mary","email":"mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goni, M. A.","contributorId":35641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goni","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wheatcroft, R. A.","contributorId":76503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wheatcroft","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70129831,"text":"70129831 - 2013 - Character, mass, distribution, and origin of tephra-fall deposits from the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: highlighting the significance of particle aggregation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-13T09:06:18","indexId":"70129831","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Character, mass, distribution, and origin of tephra-fall deposits from the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: highlighting the significance of particle aggregation","docAbstract":"The 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano included 20 tephra-producing explosions between March 15, 2009 and April 4, 2009 (UTC). Next-Generation radar (NEXRAD) data show that plumes reached heights between 4.6 km and 19 km asl and were distributed downwind along nearly all azimuths of the volcano. Explosions lasted between < 1 and 31 min based on the signal duration at a distal seismic station (86 km). From Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery and field data, we estimate that over 80,000 km2 received at least minor ash fall (> 0.8 mm thick), including communities along the Kenai Peninsula (80–100 km) and the city of Anchorage (170 km). Trace ash (< 0.8 mm) was reported as far as Fairbanks, 550 km NNE of the volcano. We estimate the total mass of tephra-fall deposits at 54.6 × 109 kg with a total DRE volume of 20.6 × 106 m3.
\n\n
On March 15, a small (4.6 km asl) phreatic explosion containing minor, non-juvenile ash, erupted through the summit ice cap. The first five magmatic explosions (events 1–5) occurred within a 6-hour period on March 23. Plumes rose to heights between 5.5 km and 14.9 km asl during 2- to 20-minute-duration explosions, and were dispersed mainly along a NNE trajectory. Trace ash fall was reported as far as Fairbanks. Owing to a shift in wind direction and heavy snowfall during these events, field discrimination among many of these layers was possible. All deposits comprise a volumetrically significant amount of particle aggregates, yet only event 5 deposits contain coarse clasts including glacier ice. The most voluminous tephra fall was deposited on March 24 (event 6) from a 15 minute explosion that sent a plume to 18.3 km asl, and dispersed tephra to the WNW. Within 10 km of the vent, this deposit contains 1–11 cm pumice clasts in a matrix of 1–2 mm aggregate lapilli. A small dome was presumably emplaced between March 23 and March 26 and was subsequently destroyed during 1–14 minute magmatic explosions of events 7–8 (March 26) that sent plumes between 8.2 km and 19 km asl. Ash fell along a broad swath to the ESE, covering communities along the Kenai Peninsula with up to 1 mm of ash. Proximal deposits are largely composed of aggregate lapilli of 1–2 mm with very little coarse juvenile material. Events 9–18 (March 27) sent plumes between 5.2 km and 15.5 km asl during < 1–11-minute-long explosions. Ash clouds dispersed along trajectories to the NE, ENE and N and event 17 deposited up to 1 mm of ash on upper Kenai Peninsula and Anchorage. A moderate-size dome was emplaced between March 29 and April 4 and was subsequently destroyed during event 19 on April 4 which lasted 31 min and sent ash to 15.2 km asl. The proximal deposit is principally composed of dense dome rock, unlike earlier events, indicating that event 19 was likely caused by dome failure. The cloud dispersed to the SE along a narrow trajectory and up to 1–2 mm of ash fell on the lower Kenai Peninsula.
\n\n
Particle size data showing a preponderance of fine ash, even in the most proximal locations, along with the abundance of aggregate lapilli documented in most samples, confirms that particle aggregation played a significant role in the 2009 eruption and induced premature fallout of fine ash.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Holland","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.09.015","usgsCitation":"Wallace, K.L., Coombs, M., and Schaefer, J.R., 2013, Character, mass, distribution, and origin of tephra-fall deposits from the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: highlighting the significance of particle aggregation: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 259, p. 145-169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.09.015.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"169","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042126","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296025,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377027312003010"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Redoubt Volcano","volume":"259","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d62fe4b04d4b7dbd6579","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, Kristi L. 0000-0002-0962-048X kwallace@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-048X","contributorId":3454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Kristi","email":"kwallace@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L","contributorId":119323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle L","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaefer, Janet R.","contributorId":82224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70093723,"text":"70093723 - 2013 - Employing lidar to detail vegetation canopy architecture for prediction of aeolian transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-12T08:51:04","indexId":"70093723","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T08:48:53","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Employing lidar to detail vegetation canopy architecture for prediction of aeolian transport","docAbstract":"The diverse and fundamental effects that aeolian processes have on the biosphere and geosphere are commonly generated by horizontal sediment transport at the land surface. However, predicting horizontal sediment transport depends on vegetation architecture, which is difficult to quantify in a rapid but accurate manner. We demonstrate an approach to measure vegetation canopy architecture at high resolution using lidar along a gradient of dryland sites ranging from 2% to 73% woody plant canopy cover. Lidar-derived canopy height, distance (gaps) between vegetation elements (e.g., trunks, limbs, leaves), and the distribution of gaps scaled by vegetation height were correlated with canopy cover and highlight potentially improved horizontal dust flux estimation than with cover alone. Employing lidar to estimate detailed vegetation canopy architecture offers promise for improved predictions of horizontal sediment transport across heterogeneous plant assemblages.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/grl.50356","usgsCitation":"Sankey, J.B., Law, D., Breshears, D.D., Munson, S.M., and Webb, R., 2013, Employing lidar to detail vegetation canopy architecture for prediction of aeolian transport: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 40, no. 9, p. 1724-1728, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50356.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1724","endPage":"1728","ipdsId":"IP-044451","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50356","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":282291,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282288,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/grl.50356"},{"id":282289,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/grl.50356/abstract"}],"volume":"40","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5773e4b0b290850f77b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992 jsankey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":3935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel","email":"jsankey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Law, Darin J.","contributorId":98627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"Darin J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breshears, David D.","contributorId":51620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breshears","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":490174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":490172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70227195,"text":"70227195 - 2013 - Evidence of songbird intoxication from Rozol application at a black-tailed prairie dog colony","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T15:00:02.64271","indexId":"70227195","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T08:46:43","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Evidence of songbird intoxication from Rozol® application at a black-tailed prairie dog colony","title":"Evidence of songbird intoxication from Rozol application at a black-tailed prairie dog colony","docAbstract":"Concerns about avian poisonings from anticoagulant rodenticides have traditionally focused on secondary poisoning of raptors exposed by feeding on contaminated mammalian prey. However, ground foraging songbirds can be directly poisoned from operational applications of the anticoagulant rodenticide Rozol® (0.005% chlorophacinone, active ingredient) applied as a grain bait, at black-tailed prairie dog Cynomys ludovicianus colonies. A dead western meadowlark Sturnella neglecta recovered from the study prairie dog colony displayed hemorrhaging in brain and pectoral muscle tissue, and it contained chlorophacinone residue concentrations of 0.59 and 0.49 µg/g (wet weight) in the liver and intestinal contents, respectively. Chlorophacinone residues from two Rozol-colored songbird droppings found at the study colony were 0.09 and 0.46 µg/g (wet weight). The timing of the meadowlark mortality and the occurrence of discolored droppings show that songbird exposure and poisoning can occur weeks after a Rozol application.
The 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska was particularly well monitored for volcanic gas emissions. We report 35 airborne measurements of CO2, SO2, and H2S emission rates that span from October 2008 to August 2010. The magmatic system degassed primarily as a closed system although minor amounts of open system degassing were observed in the 6 months prior to eruption on March 15, 2009 and over 1 year following cessation of dome extrusion. Only 14% of the total CO2 was emitted prior to eruption even though high emissions rates (between 3630 and 9020 t/d) were observed in the final 6 weeks preceding the eruption. A minor amount of the total SO2 was observed prior to eruption (4%), which was consistent with the low emission rates at that time (up to 180 t/d). The amount of the gas emitted during the explosive and dome growth period (March 15–July 1, 2009) was 59 and 66% of the total CO2and SO2, respectively. Maximum emission rates were 33,110 t/d CO2, 16,650 t/d SO2, and 1230 t/d H2S. Post-eruptive passive degassing was responsible for 27 and 30% of the total CO2 and SO2, respectively. SO2 made up on average 92% of the total sulfur degassing throughout the eruption. Magmas were vapor saturated with a C- and S-rich volatile phase, and regardless of composition, the magmas appear to be buffered by a volatile composition with a molar CO2/SO2 ratio of ~ 2.4. Primary volatile contents calculated from degassing and erupted magma volumes range from 0.9 to 2.1 wt.% CO2 and 0.27–0.56 wt.% S; whole-rock normalized values are slightly lower (0.8–1.7 wt.% CO2 and 0.22–0.47 wt.% S) and are similar to what was calculated for the 1989–90 eruption of Redoubt. Such contents argue that primary arc magmas are rich in CO2 and S. Similar trends between volumes of estimated degassed magma and observed erupted magma during the eruptive period point to primary volatile contents of 1.25 wt.% CO2 and 0.35 wt.% S. Assuming these values, up to 30% additional unerupted magma degassed in the year following final dome emplacement.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.04.012","usgsCitation":"Werner, C.A., Kelly, P.J., Doukas, M.P., Lopez, T., Pfeffer, M., McGimsey, R.G., and Neal, C.A., 2013, Degassing of CO2, SO2, and H2S associated with the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 259, p. 270-284, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.04.012.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"270","endPage":"284","ipdsId":"IP-035197","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348114,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Redoubt Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.97775268554688,\n 60.38943385115715\n ],\n [\n -152.56439208984375,\n 60.38943385115715\n ],\n [\n -152.56439208984375,\n 60.567403070882946\n ],\n [\n -152.97775268554688,\n 60.567403070882946\n ],\n [\n -152.97775268554688,\n 60.38943385115715\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"259","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eade4b0531197b27fd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Werner, Cynthia A. cwerner@usgs.gov","contributorId":2540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Cynthia","email":"cwerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelly, Peter J. 0000-0002-3868-1046 pkelly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3868-1046","contributorId":5931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Peter","email":"pkelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doukas, Michael P. mdoukas@usgs.gov","contributorId":2686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doukas","given":"Michael","email":"mdoukas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lopez, Taryn","contributorId":146828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopez","given":"Taryn","affiliations":[{"id":16753,"text":"University of Alaska Geophysical Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":719338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pfeffer, Melissa","contributorId":199349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pfeffer","given":"Melissa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Neal, Christina A. 0000-0002-7697-7825 tneal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":131135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina","email":"tneal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70193292,"text":"70193292 - 2013 - Evaluation of Redoubt Volcano's sulfur dioxide emissions by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T15:46:01","indexId":"70193292","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of Redoubt Volcano's sulfur dioxide emissions by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument","docAbstract":"The 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, provided a rare opportunity to compare satellite measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2) by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) with airborne SO2 measurements by the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO). Herein we: (1) compare OMI and airborne SO2 column density values for Redoubt's tropospheric plume, (2) calculate daily SO2 masses from Mount Redoubt for the first three months of the eruption, (3) develop simple methods to convert daily measured SO2 masses into emission rates to allow satellite data to be directly integrated with the airborne SO2 emissions dataset, (4) calculate cumulative SO2 emissions from the eruption, and (5) evaluate OMI as a monitoring tool for high-latitude degassing volcanoes. A linear correlation (R2 ~ 0.75) is observed between OMI and airborne SO2 column densities. OMI daily SO2 masses for the sample period ranged from ~ 60.1 kt on 24 March to below detection limit, with an average daily SO2 mass of ~ 6.7 kt. The highest SO2 emissions were observed during the initial part of the explosive phase and the emissions exhibited an overall decreasing trend with time. OMI SO2 emission rates were derived using three methods and compared to airborne measurements. This comparison yields a linear correlation (R2 ~ 0.82) with OMI-derived emission rates consistently lower than airborne measurements. The comparison results suggest that OMI's detection limit for high latitude, springtime conditions varies from ~ 2000 to 4000 t/d. Cumulative SO2 masses calculated from daily OMI data for the sample period are estimated to range from 542 to 615 kt, with approximately half of this SO2 produced during the explosive phase of the eruption. These cumulative masses are similar in magnitude to those estimated for the 1989–90 Redoubt eruption. Strong correlations between daily OMI SO2 mass and both tephra mass and acoustic energy during the explosive phase of the eruption suggest that OMI data may be used to infer relative eruption size and explosivity. Further, when used in conjunction with complementary datasets, OMI daily SO2 masses may be used to help distinguish explosive from effusive activity and identify changes in lava extrusion rates. The results of this study suggest that OMI is a useful volcano monitoring tool to complement airborne measurements, capture explosive SO2 emissions, and provide high temporal resolution SO2 emissions data that can be used with interdisciplinary datasets to illuminate volcanic processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.03.002","usgsCitation":"Lopez, T., Carn, S.A., Werner, C.A., Fee, D., Kelly, P.J., Doukas, M.P., Pfeffer, M., Webley, P., Cahill, C.F., and Schneider, D.J., 2013, Evaluation of Redoubt Volcano's sulfur dioxide emissions by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 259, p. 290-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.03.002.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"307","ipdsId":"IP-037424","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.03.002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347926,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Redoubt Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.04092407226562,\n 60.36771313471161\n ],\n [\n -152.50808715820312,\n 60.36771313471161\n ],\n [\n -152.50808715820312,\n 60.61056362329555\n ],\n [\n -153.04092407226562,\n 60.61056362329555\n ],\n [\n -153.04092407226562,\n 60.36771313471161\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"259","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98bbce4b0531197afa02b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lopez, Taryn","contributorId":146828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopez","given":"Taryn","affiliations":[{"id":16753,"text":"University of Alaska Geophysical Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carn, Simon A.","contributorId":28092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carn","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Werner, Cynthia A. cwerner@usgs.gov","contributorId":2540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Cynthia","email":"cwerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fee, David","contributorId":77761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fee","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kelly, Peter J. 0000-0002-3868-1046 pkelly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3868-1046","contributorId":5931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Peter","email":"pkelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doukas, Michael P. mdoukas@usgs.gov","contributorId":2686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doukas","given":"Michael","email":"mdoukas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pfeffer, Melissa","contributorId":199349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pfeffer","given":"Melissa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Webley, Peter","contributorId":34783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webley","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cahill, Catherine F.","contributorId":168688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cahill","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Schneider, David J. 0000-0001-9092-1054 djschneider@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9092-1054","contributorId":198601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"David","email":"djschneider@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":718755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70046560,"text":"70046560 - 2013 - Tracing groundwater with low-level detections of halogenated VOCs in a fractured carbonate-rock aquifer, Leetown Science Center, West Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:11:56","indexId":"70046560","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracing groundwater with low-level detections of halogenated VOCs in a fractured carbonate-rock aquifer, Leetown Science Center, West Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"Measurements of low-level concentrations of halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and estimates of groundwater age interpreted from 3H/3He and SF6 data have led to an improved understanding of groundwater flow, water sources, and transit times in a karstic, fractured, carbonate-rock aquifer at the Leetown Science Center (LSC), West Virginia. The sum of the concentrations of a set of 16 predominant halogenated VOCs (TDVOC) determined by gas chromatography with electron-capture detector (GC–ECD) exceeded that possible for air–water equilibrium in 34 of the 47 samples (median TDVOC of 24,800 pg kg−1), indicating that nearly all the water sampled in the vicinity of the LSC has been affected by addition of halogenated VOCs from non-atmospheric source(s). Leakage from a landfill that was closed and sealed nearly 20 a prior to sampling was recognized and traced to areas east of the LSC using low-level detection of tetrachloroethene (PCE), methyl chloride (MeCl), methyl chloroform (MC), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), and cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-1,2-DCE). Chloroform (CHLF) was the predominant VOC in water from domestic wells surrounding the LSC, and was elevated in groundwater in and near the Fish Health Laboratory at the LSC, where a leak of chlorinated water occurred prior to 2006. The low-level concentrations of halogenated VOCs did not exceed human or aquatic-life health criteria, and were useful in providing an awareness of the intrinsic susceptibility of the fractured karstic groundwater system at the LSC to non-atmospheric anthropogenic inputs. The 3H/3He groundwater ages of spring discharge from the carbonate rocks showed transient behavior, with ages averaging about 2 a in 2004 following a wet climatic period (2003–2004), and ages in the range of 4–7 a in periods of more average precipitation (2008–2009). The SF6 and CFC-12 data indicate older water (model ages of 10s of years or more) in the low-permeability shale of the Martinsburg Formation located to the west of the LSC. A two-a record of specific conductance, water temperature, and discharge recorded at 30-min intervals demonstrated an approximately 3-month lag in discharge at Gray Spring. The low groundwater ages of waters from the carbonate rocks support rapid advective transport of contaminants from the LSC vicinity, yet the nearly ubiquitous occurrence of low-level concentrations of halogenated VOCs at the LSC suggests the presence of long-term persistent sources, such as seepage from the closed and sealed landfill, infiltration of VOCs that may persist locally in the epikarst, exchange with low-permeability zones in fractured rock, and upward leakage of older water that may contain elevated concentrations of halogenated VOCs from earlier land use activities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.02.021","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Sibrell, P.L., Casile, G.C., Busenberg, E., Hunt, A.G., and Schlosser, P., 2013, Tracing groundwater with low-level detections of halogenated VOCs in a fractured carbonate-rock aquifer, Leetown Science Center, West Virginia, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 33, p. 260-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.02.021.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"260","endPage":"280","ipdsId":"IP-044434","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273990,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273979,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.02.021"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","county":"Jefferson","otherGeospatial":"Leetown Science Center","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.03,39.13 ], [ -78.03,39.45 ], [ -77.71,39.45 ], [ -77.71,39.13 ], [ -78.03,39.13 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c1816ee4b0dd0e00d9221d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sibrell, Philip L. psibrell@usgs.gov","contributorId":2006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibrell","given":"Philip","email":"psibrell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casile, Gerolamo C. jcasile@usgs.gov","contributorId":4007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casile","given":"Gerolamo","email":"jcasile@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schlosser, Peter","contributorId":50936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70039999,"text":"70039999 - 2013 - Demography and movement patterns of leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) aggregating near the head of a submarine canyon along the open coast of southern California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-03T08:39:28","indexId":"70039999","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demography and movement patterns of leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) aggregating near the head of a submarine canyon along the open coast of southern California, USA","docAbstract":"The demography, spatial distribution, and movement patterns of leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) aggregating near the head of a submarine canyon in La Jolla, California, USA, were investigated to resolve the causal explanations for this and similar shark aggregations. All sharks sampled from the aggregation site (n=140) were sexually mature and 97.1 % were female. Aerial photographs taken during tethered balloon surveys revealed high densities of milling sharks of up to 5470 sharks ha-1. Eight sharks were each tagged with a continuous acoustic transmitter and manually tracked without interruption for up to 48 h. Sharks exhibited strong site-fidelity and were generally confined to a divergence (shadow) zone of low wave energy, which results from wave refraction over the steep bathymetric contours of the submarine canyon. Within this divergence zone, the movements of sharks were strongly localized over the seismically active Rose Canyon Fault. Tracked sharks spent most of their time in shallow water (≤2 m for 71.0 % and ≤10 m for 95.9 % of time), with some dispersing to deeper (max: 53.9 m) and cooler (min: 12.7 °C) water after sunset, subsequently returning by sunrise. These findings suggest multiple functions of this aggregation and that the mechanism controlling its formation, maintenance, and dissolution is complex and rooted in the sharks' variable response to numerous confounding environmental factors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10641-012-0083-5","usgsCitation":"Nosal, D., Cartamil, D., Long, J., Luhrmann, M., Wegner, N., and Graham, J., 2013, Demography and movement patterns of leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) aggregating near the head of a submarine canyon along the open coast of southern California, USA: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 96, no. 7, p. 865-878, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-012-0083-5.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"865","endPage":"878","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262441,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-012-0083-5","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego","otherGeospatial":"La Jolla Shores Beach","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.28,32.85 ], [ -117.28,32.88 ], [ -117.25,32.88 ], [ -117.25,32.85 ], [ -117.28,32.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"96","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50788c7fe4b0cfc2d59f5a30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nosal, D.C.","contributorId":63662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nosal","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cartamil, D.C.","contributorId":95319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartamil","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Long, J.W.","contributorId":102733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luhrmann, M.","contributorId":54059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luhrmann","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wegner, N.C.","contributorId":71045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wegner","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Graham, J.B.","contributorId":13308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70046219,"text":"sir20125218 - 2013 - Prioritization of constituents for national- and regional-scale ambient monitoring of water and sediment in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:18:14","indexId":"sir20125218","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5218","title":"Prioritization of constituents for national- and regional-scale ambient monitoring of water and sediment in the United States","docAbstract":"A total of 2,541 constituents were evaluated and prioritized for national- and regional-scale ambient monitoring of water and sediment in the United States. This prioritization was done by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in preparation for the upcoming third decade (Cycle 3; 2013–23) of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. This report provides the methods used to prioritize the constituents and the results of that prioritization.\n\nConstituents were prioritized by the NAWQA National Target Analyte Strategy (NTAS) work group on the basis of available information on physical and chemical properties, observed or predicted environmental occurrence and fate, and observed or anticipated adverse effects on human health or aquatic life. Constituents were evaluated within constituent groups that were determined on the basis of physical or chemical properties or on uses or sources. Some constituents were evaluated within more than one constituent group. Although comparable objectives were used in the prioritization of constituents within the different constituent groups, differences in the availability of information accessed for each constituent group led to the development of separate prioritization approaches adapted to each constituent group to make best use of available resources. Constituents were assigned to one of three prioritization tiers: Tier 1, those having the highest priority for inclusion in ambient monitoring of water or sediment on a national or regional scale (including NAWQA Cycle 3 monitoring) on the basis of their likelihood of environmental occurrence in ambient water or sediment, or likelihood of effects on human health or aquatic life; Tier 2, those having intermediate priority for monitoring on the basis of their lower likelihood of environmental occurrence or lower likelihood of effects on human health or aquatic life; and Tier 3, those having low or no priority for monitoring on the basis of evidence of nonoccurrence or lack of effects on human health or aquatic life, or of having insufficient evidence of potential occurrence or effects to justify placement into Tier 2.\n\nOf the 1,081 constituents determined to be of highest priority for ambient monitoring (Tier 1), 602 were identified for water and 686 were identified for sediment (note that some constituents were evaluated for both water and sediment). These constituents included various types of organic compounds, trace elements and other inorganic constituents, and radionuclides. Some of these constituents are difficult to analyze, whereas others are mixtures, isomers, congeners, salts, and acids of other constituents; therefore, modifications to the list of high-priority constituents for ambient monitoring could be made on the basis of the availability of suitable methods for preparation, extraction, or analysis. An additional 1,460 constituents were placed into Tiers 2 or 3 for water or sediment, including some constituents that had been placed into Tier 1 for a different matrix; 436 constituents were placed into Tier 2 for water and 246 constituents into Tier 2 for sediment; 979 constituents were placed into Tier 3 for water and 779 constituents into Tier 3 for sediment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125218","usgsCitation":"Olsen, L., Valder, J., Carter, J.M., and Zogorski, J.S., 2013, Prioritization of constituents for national- and regional-scale ambient monitoring of water and sediment in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5218, xvi, 203 p.; Downloads Directory; NTAS Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125218.","productDescription":"xvi, 203 p.; Downloads Directory; NTAS Database","numberOfPages":"224","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-029264","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20125218.gif"},{"id":273052,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5218/downloads/"},{"id":273050,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5218/"},{"id":273051,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5218/downloads/sir12-5218.pdf"},{"id":273053,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5218/downloads/NTASdatabase.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51ab09e8e4b038e35470213c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Lisa D. ldolsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Lisa D.","email":"ldolsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valder, Joshua F. 0000-0003-3733-8868 jvalder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3733-8868","contributorId":1431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valder","given":"Joshua F.","email":"jvalder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Janet M. 0000-0002-6376-3473 jmcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-3473","contributorId":339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Janet","email":"jmcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zogorski, John S. jszogors@usgs.gov","contributorId":189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"John","email":"jszogors@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194382,"text":"70194382 - 2013 - Roost selection by western long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) in burned and unburned piñon–juniper woodlands of southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T14:05:11","indexId":"70194382","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Roost selection by western long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) in burned and unburned piñon–juniper woodlands of southwestern Colorado","title":"Roost selection by western long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) in burned and unburned piñon–juniper woodlands of southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"All 16 species of bats known to occur in western Colorado are found at Mesa Verde National Park (MVNP) in the southwestern United States. Since 1996, wildfires have burned more than 70% of MVNP (> 15,000 ha), potentially altering food and roosting resources for bats. During the summers of 2006–2007, we investigated roost use by reproductive female western long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis). We located 33 bat roosts in rock crevices and 1 in a juniper snag. All but 2 of the roosts were in unburned habitat. Bats roosted alone or in small groups (≤3 individuals) and switched roosts frequently (1–7 roosts per bat, median = 1.5 roosts per bat, SE = 0.5 roosts per bat). We compared occupied roosts with randomly selected unoccupied crevices and used an information theoretic approach to determine which variables were most important in determining roost use at microhabitat and landscape scales. At the microhabitat scale, maternity roosts were higher above the ground and deeper than random, unoccupied rock crevices. At the landscape scale, roosts were closer to water and farther from burned habitat than random crevices, providing reproductive female M. evotis with the best opportunities to drink and forage for insects. Tree roosts are apparently not a vital resource for reproductive female M. evotis during the summer months at our study site, presumably because of the extensive availability of rock crevices. Understanding site-specific roosting behavior is important for proper management of bat populations because differences can exist between geographic regions, even among areas with similar plant communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1644/11-MAMM-A-153.1","usgsCitation":"Snider, E.A., Cryan, P.M., and Wilson, K.R., 2013, Roost selection by western long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) in burned and unburned piñon–juniper woodlands of southwestern Colorado: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 94, no. 3, p. 640-649, https://doi.org/10.1644/11-MAMM-A-153.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"640","endPage":"649","ipdsId":"IP-029605","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/11-mamm-a-153.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349373,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","volume":"94","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6102dde4b06e28e9c25490","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snider, E. Apple","contributorId":7554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snider","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Apple","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894 cryanp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":2356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul","email":"cryanp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Kenneth R.","contributorId":29255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189351,"text":"70189351 - 2013 - Inorganic carbon loading as a primary driver of dissolved carbon dioxide concentrations in the lakes and reservoirs of the contiguous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-11T15:54:09","indexId":"70189351","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inorganic carbon loading as a primary driver of dissolved carbon dioxide concentrations in the lakes and reservoirs of the contiguous United States","docAbstract":"Accurate quantification of CO2 flux across the air-water interface and identification of the mechanisms driving CO2 concentrations in lakes and reservoirs is critical to integrating aquatic systems into large-scale carbon budgets, and to predicting the response of these systems to changes in climate or terrestrial carbon cycling. Large-scale estimates of the role of lakes and reservoirs in the carbon cycle, however, typically must rely on aggregation of spatially and temporally inconsistent data from disparate sources. We performed a spatially comprehensive analysis of CO2 concentration and air-water fluxes in lakes and reservoirs of the contiguous United States using large, consistent data sets, and modeled the relative contribution of inorganic and organic carbon loading to vertical CO2 fluxes. Approximately 70% of lakes and reservoirs are supersaturated with respect to the atmosphere during the summer (June–September). Although there is considerable interregional and intraregional variability, lakes and reservoirs represent a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere of approximately 40 Gg C d–1 during the summer. While in-lake CO2 concentrations correlate with indicators of in-lake net ecosystem productivity, virtually no relationship exists between dissolved organic carbon and pCO2,aq. Modeling suggests that hydrologic dissolved inorganic carbon supports pCO2,aq in most supersaturated systems (to the extent that 12% of supersaturated systems simultaneously exhibit positive net ecosystem productivity), and also supports primary production in most CO2-undersaturated systems. Dissolved inorganic carbon loading appears to be an important determinant of CO2concentrations and fluxes across the air-water interface in the majority of lakes and reservoirs in the contiguous United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/gbc.20032","usgsCitation":"McDonald, C.P., Stets, E.G., Striegl, R.G., and Butman, D., 2013, Inorganic carbon loading as a primary driver of dissolved carbon dioxide concentrations in the lakes and reservoirs of the contiguous United States: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 27, no. 2, p. 285-295, https://doi.org/10.1002/gbc.20032.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"295","ipdsId":"IP-038087","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gbc.20032","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"27","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5965b868e4b0d1f9f05b3894","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, Cory P. 0000-0002-1208-8471 cmcdonald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1208-8471","contributorId":4238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Cory","email":"cmcdonald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stets, Edward G. 0000-0001-5375-0196 estets@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5375-0196","contributorId":194490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stets","given":"Edward","email":"estets@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butman, David 0000-0003-3520-7426 dbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3520-7426","contributorId":174187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"David","email":"dbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70193572,"text":"70193572 - 2013 - Injection, transport, and deposition of tephra during event 5 at Redoubt Volcano, 23 March, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T16:44:38","indexId":"70193572","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Injection, transport, and deposition of tephra during event 5 at Redoubt Volcano, 23 March, 2009","docAbstract":"Among the events of the 2009 eruption at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, event 5 was the best documented by radar, satellite imagery, and deposit mapping. We use the new Eulerian tephra transport model Ash3d to simulate transport and deposition of event 5 tephra at distances up to 350 km. The eruption, which started at about 1230 UTC on 23 March, 2009, sent a plume from the vent elevation (estimated at 2.3 ± 0.1 km above sea level or a.s.l.) to about 16 ± 2 km above sea level in 5 min. The plume was a few kilometers higher than would be expected for the estimated average mass eruption rate and atmospheric conditions, possibly due to release of most of the eruptive mass in the first half of the 20-minute event. The eruption injected tephra into a wind field of high shear, with weak easterly winds below ~ 3 km elevation, strong southerly winds at 6–10 km and weak westerlies above ~ 16 km. Model simulations in this wind field predicted development of a northward-migrating inverted “v”-shaped cloud with a southwest-trending arm at a few kilometers elevation, which was not visible in IR satellite images due to cloud cover, and a southeast-trending arm at > 10 km elevation that was clearly visible. Simulations also predicted a deposit distribution that strongly depended on plume height: a plume height below 15 km predicted ash deposits that were located west of those mapped, whereas good agreement was reached with a modeled plume height of 15–18 km. Field sampling of the deposit found it to contain abundant tephra aggregates, which accelerated the removal of tephra from the atmosphere. We were able to reasonably approximate the effect of aggregation on the deposit mass distribution by two methods: (1) adjusting the grain-size distribution, taking the erupted mass < = 0.063 mm in diameter and distributing it evenly into bins of coarser size; and (2) moving 80–90% of the mass < = 0.063 mm into a single particle bin ranging in size from 0.25 to 1 mm. These methods produced an area inside the 100 g m− 2 isomass lines that was within a few tens of percent of mapped area; however they under-predicted deposit mass at very proximal (< 50 km) and very distal (> 250 km) locations. Modeled grain-size distributions at sample locations are also generally coarser than observed. The mismatch may result from a combination of limitations in field sampling, approximations inherent in the model, errors in the numerical wind field, and aggregation of particles larger than 0.063 mm.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.04.025","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L.G., Schwaiger, H.F., Schneider, D.J., Wallace, K.L., Schaefer, J., and Denlinger, R.P., 2013, Injection, transport, and deposition of tephra during event 5 at Redoubt Volcano, 23 March, 2009: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 259, p. 201-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.04.025.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"213","ipdsId":"IP-037047","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Redoubt Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.96951293945312,\n 60.38604094380978\n ],\n [\n -152.55203247070312,\n 60.38604094380978\n ],\n [\n -152.55203247070312,\n 60.58696734225869\n ],\n [\n -152.96951293945312,\n 60.58696734225869\n ],\n [\n -152.96951293945312,\n 60.38604094380978\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"259","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eade4b0531197b27fd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwaiger, Hans F. 0000-0001-7397-8833 hschwaiger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7397-8833","contributorId":4108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwaiger","given":"Hans","email":"hschwaiger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, David J. 0000-0001-9092-1054 djschneider@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9092-1054","contributorId":198601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"David","email":"djschneider@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":719402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wallace, Kristi L. 0000-0002-0962-048X kwallace@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-048X","contributorId":3454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Kristi","email":"kwallace@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schaefer, Janet","contributorId":199547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Janet","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Denlinger, Roger P. 0000-0003-0930-0635 roger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-0635","contributorId":2679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"Roger","email":"roger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70193582,"text":"70193582 - 2013 - Emplacement of the final lava dome of the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-11T20:33:10.24458","indexId":"70193582","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emplacement of the final lava dome of the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"After more than 8 months of precursory activity and over 20 explosions in 12 days, Redoubt Volcano, Alaska began to extrude the fourth and final lava dome of the 2009 eruption on April 4. By July 1 the dome had filled the pre-2009 summit crater and ceased to grow. By means of analysis and annotations of time-lapse webcam imagery, oblique-image photogrammetry techniques and capture and analysis of forward-looking infrared (FLIR) images, we tracked the volume, textural, effusive-style and temperature changes in near-real time over the entire growth period of the dome. The first month of growth (April 4–May 4) produced blocky intermediate- to high-silica andesite lava (59–62.3 wt.% SiO2) that initially formed a round dome, expanding by endogenous growth, breaking the surface crust in radial fractures and annealing them with warmer, fresh lava. On or around May 1, more finely fragmented and scoriaceous andesite lava (59.8–62.2 wt.% SiO2) began to appear at the top of the dome coincident with increased seismicity and gas emissions. The more scoriaceous lava spread radially over the dome surface, while the dome continued to expand from endogenous growth and blocky lava was exposed on the margins and south side of the dome. By mid-June the upper scoriaceous lava had covered 36% of the dome surface area. Vesicularity of the upper scoriaceous lava range from 55 to 66%, some of the highest vesicularity measurements recorded from a lava dome.
We suggest that the stability of the final lava dome primarily resulted from sufficient fracturing and clearing of the conduit by preceding explosions that allowed efficient degassing of the magma during effusion. The dome was thus able to grow until it was large enough to exceed the magmastatic pressure in the chamber, effectively shutting off the eruption.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.06.014","usgsCitation":"Bull, K.F., Anderson, S.W., Diefenbach, A.K., Wessels, R.L., and Henton, S.M., 2013, Emplacement of the final lava dome of the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 259, p. 334-348, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.06.014.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"334","endPage":"348","ipdsId":"IP-038150","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348109,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Redoubt Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.97775268554688,\n 60.38943385115715\n ],\n [\n -152.56439208984375,\n 60.38943385115715\n ],\n [\n -152.56439208984375,\n 60.567403070882946\n ],\n [\n -152.97775268554688,\n 60.567403070882946\n ],\n [\n -152.97775268554688,\n 60.38943385115715\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"259","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eade4b0531197b27fcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bull, Katharine F.","contributorId":42692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bull","given":"Katharine","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Steve W.","contributorId":192765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":719875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diefenbach, Angela K. 0000-0003-0214-7818 adiefenbach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0214-7818","contributorId":1084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Angela","email":"adiefenbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":719876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wessels, Rick L. rwessels@usgs.gov","contributorId":566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wessels","given":"Rick","email":"rwessels@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":719877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Henton, Sarah M.","contributorId":199172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henton","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70193585,"text":"70193585 - 2013 - Airborne filter pack measurements of S and Cl in the plume of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska February–May 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T11:30:45","indexId":"70193585","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Airborne filter pack measurements of S and Cl in the plume of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska February–May 2009","docAbstract":"Filter pack data from six airborne campaigns at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska are reported here. These measurements provide a rare constraint on Cl output from an andesitic eruption at high emission rate (> 104 t d− 1 SO2). Four S/Cl ratios measured during a period of lava dome growth indicate a depth of last magma equilibration of 2–5 km. The S/Cl ratios in combination with COSPEC SO2 emission rate measurements indicate HCl emission rates of 1500–3600 t d− 1 during dome growth. SO2 and HCl emission rates at Redoubt Volcano correlate with each other and were low prior to the eruption, high during the eruption, and low after the eruption. S/Cl ratios measured by filter pack at andesitic volcanoes have a small range of variance, with no clear trends seen for eruptive versus passive activity. The very few S/Cl ratio measurements by filter pack at andesitic volcanoes are not as predictive of future volcanic activity as has been demonstrated for basaltic volcanoes. This may be because there are so few of these measurements. We have demonstrated it is possible to collect these samples by air between explosions during lava dome-building eruptions. We recommend more filter pack sampling be performed at andesitic volcanoes to determine the technique's utility for volcano monitoring. Filter pack data has been demonstrated to be useful for calculating the depth of magma equilibration at volcanoes including Redoubt Volcano.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.04.011","usgsCitation":"Pfeffer, M., Doukas, M.P., Werner, C.A., and Evans, W.C., 2013, Airborne filter pack measurements of S and Cl in the plume of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska February–May 2009: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 259, p. 285-289, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.04.011.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"289","ipdsId":"IP-038641","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348075,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Redoubt Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.95578002929685,\n 60.377896523775306\n ],\n [\n -152.59048461914062,\n 60.377896523775306\n ],\n [\n -152.59048461914062,\n 60.58899055641445\n ],\n [\n -152.95578002929685,\n 60.58899055641445\n ],\n [\n -152.95578002929685,\n 60.377896523775306\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"259","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eade4b0531197b27fcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pfeffer, Melissa","contributorId":199349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pfeffer","given":"Melissa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doukas, Michael P. mdoukas@usgs.gov","contributorId":2686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doukas","given":"Michael","email":"mdoukas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Werner, Cynthia A. cwerner@usgs.gov","contributorId":2540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Cynthia","email":"cwerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193589,"text":"70193589 - 2013 - Source characterization for an explosion during the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano from very-long-period seismic waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T12:07:15","indexId":"70193589","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source characterization for an explosion during the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano from very-long-period seismic waves","docAbstract":"The 2009 eruption of Redoubt produced several very-long-period (VLP) signals associated with explosions. We invert for the source location and mechanism of an explosion at Redoubt volcano using waveform methods applied to broadband recordings. Such characterization of the source carries information on the geometry of the conduit and the physics of the explosion process. Inversions are carried out assuming the volcanic source can be modeled as a point source, with mechanisms described by a) a set of 3 orthogonal forces, b) a moment tensor consisting of force couples, and c) both forces and moment tensor components. We find that the source of the VLP seismic waves during the explosion is well-described by either a combined moment/force source located northeast of the crater and at an elevation of 1.6 km ASL or a moment source at an elevation of 800 m to the southwest of the crater. The moment tensors for the solutions with moment and force and moment-only share similar characteristics. The source time functions for both moment tensors begin with inflation (pressurization) and execute two cycles of deflation-reinflation (depressurization–repressurization). Although the moment/force source provides a better fit to the data, we find that owing to the limited coverage of the broadband stations at Redoubt the moment-only source is the more robust and reliable solution. Based on the moment-only solution, we estimate a volume change of 19,000 m3 and a pressure change of 7 MPa in a dominant sill and an out-of-phase volume change of 5000 m3 and pressure change of 1.8 MPa in a subdominant dike at the source location. These results shed new light on the magmatic plumbing system beneath Redoubt and complement previous studies on Vulcanian explosions at other volcanoes.
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In this study, we explored the potential of a simple “hydrogeomorphic” model to predict the effects of acid deposition on macroinvertebrate, fish, and diatom communities in 28 sub-watersheds of the 176-km2 Neversink River basin in the Catskill Mountains of New York State. The empirical model was originally developed to predict stream-water acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) using the watershed slope and drainage density. Because ANC is known to be strongly related to aquatic biological communities in the Neversink, we speculated that the model might correlate well with biotic indicators of ANC response. The hydrogeomorphic model was strongly correlated to several measures of macroinvertebrate and fish community richness and density, but less strongly correlated to diatom acid tolerance. The model was also strongly correlated to biological communities in 18 sub-watersheds independent of the model development, with the linear correlation capturing the strongly acidic nature of small upland watersheds (<1 km2). Overall, we demonstrated the applicability of geospatial data sets and a simple hydrogeomorphic model for estimating aquatic biological communities in areas with stream-water acidification, allowing estimates where no direct field observations are available. 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Most of the world’s natural gas resource is thermogenic, produced in the geologic environment over time by high temperature and pressure within deposits of oil, coal, and shale. About 20 percent of the natural gas resource, however, is produced by microorganisms (microbes). Microbes potentially could be used to generate economic quantities of natural gas from otherwise unexploitable coal and shale deposits, from coal and shale from which natural gas has already been recovered, and from waste material such as coal slurry. Little is known, however, about the microbial production of natural gas from coal and shale.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123109","usgsCitation":"Orem, W., 2013, Microbial production of natural gas from coal and organic-rich shale: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3109, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123109.","productDescription":"2 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273065,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20123109.gif"},{"id":273063,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3109/"},{"id":273064,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3109/fs2012-3109.pdf#"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51ab09e7e4b038e354702138","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orem, William 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":105293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046221,"text":"ofr20131118 - 2013 - Whole rock geochemistry and grain-size analyses from sediment and rock near Tuba City Open Dump, Tuba City, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-01T15:06:54","indexId":"ofr20131118","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1118","title":"Whole rock geochemistry and grain-size analyses from sediment and rock near Tuba City Open Dump, Tuba City, Arizona","docAbstract":"This report releases new information on grain-size distribution and whole rock geochemistry from samples collected in 2008 in and around Tuba City Open Dump, Tuba City, Arizona.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.H., Stucker, V.K., Horton, R., and Otton, J.K., 2013, Whole rock geochemistry and grain-size analyses from sediment and rock near Tuba City Open Dump, Tuba City, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1118, iii, 2 p.; 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Even though the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd) has been present in the population for at least 13 yr, there was no clear downward trend as might be expected from reports of R. sierrae population declines associated with Bd or from reports of widespread population decline of R. sierrae throughout its range.","language":"English","publisher":"The Herpetologists' League","doi":"10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-12-00045","usgsCitation":"Fellers, G.M., Kleeman, P.M., Miller, D.A., Halstead, B., and Link, W.A., 2013, Population size, survival, growth, and movements of Rana sierrae: Herpetologica, v. 69, no. 2, p. 147-162, https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-12-00045.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"162","ipdsId":"IP-082092","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58760116e4b04eac8e0746e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kleeman, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6567-3239 pkleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-3239","contributorId":3948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeman","given":"Patrick","email":"pkleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, David A. 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