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,{"id":70044809,"text":"70044809 - 2012 - Direct U-Pb dating of Cretaceous and Paleocene dinosaur bones, San Juan Basin, New Mexico: COMMENT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-25T12:09:47","indexId":"70044809","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct U-Pb dating of Cretaceous and Paleocene dinosaur bones, San Juan Basin, New Mexico: COMMENT","docAbstract":"Based on U-Pb dating of two dinosaur bones from the San Juan Basin of New Mexico (United States), Fassett et al. (2011) claim to provide the first successful direct dating of fossil bones and to establish the presence of Paleocene dinosaurs. Fassett et al. ignore previously published work that directly questions their stratigraphic interpretations (Lucas et al., 2009), and fail to provide sufficient descriptions of instrumental, geochronological, and statistical treatments of the data to allow evaluation of the potentially complex diagenetic and recrystallization history of bone. These shortcomings lead us to question the validity of the U-Pb dates published by Fassett et al. and their conclusions regarding the existence of Paleocene dinosaurs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/G32154C.1","usgsCitation":"Koenig, A.E., Lucas, S., Neymark, L.A., Heckert, A.B., Sullivan, R.M., Jasinski, S.E., and Fowler, D.W., 2012, Direct U-Pb dating of Cretaceous and Paleocene dinosaur bones, San Juan Basin, New Mexico: COMMENT: Geology, v. 40, no. 4, p. e262-e262, https://doi.org/10.1130/G32154C.1.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"e262","endPage":"e262","ipdsId":"IP-027439","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g32154c.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271465,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G32154C.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0,31.33 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -103.0,37.0 ], [ -103.0,31.33 ], [ -109.0,31.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517a5069e4b072c16ef14b1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koenig, Alan E. 0000-0002-5230-0924 akoenig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5230-0924","contributorId":1564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenig","given":"Alan","email":"akoenig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucas, Spencer G.","contributorId":80161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"Spencer G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neymark, Leonid A. lneymark@usgs.gov","contributorId":532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"Leonid","email":"lneymark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heckert, Andrew B.","contributorId":28878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heckert","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sullivan, Robert M.","contributorId":52474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jasinski, Steven E.","contributorId":26948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jasinski","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fowler, Denver W.","contributorId":49683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Denver","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70042320,"text":"70042320 - 2012 - A prototype splitter apparatus for dividing large catches of small fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-26T19:55:46","indexId":"70042320","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A prototype splitter apparatus for dividing large catches of small fish","docAbstract":"Due to financial and time constraints, it is often necessary in fisheries studies to divide large samples of fish and estimate total catch from the subsample. The subsampling procedure may involve potential human biases or may be difficult to perform in rough conditions. We present a prototype gravity-fed splitter apparatus for dividing large samples of small fish (30–100 mm TL). The apparatus features a tapered hopper with a sliding and removable shutter. The apparatus provides a comparatively stable platform for objectively obtaining subsamples, and it can be modified to accommodate different sizes of fish and different sample volumes. The apparatus is easy to build, inexpensive, and convenient to use in the field. To illustrate the performance of the apparatus, we divided three samples (total <i>N</i> = 2,000 fish) composed of four fish species. Our results indicated no significant bias in estimating either the number or proportion of each species from the subsample. Use of this apparatus or a similar apparatus can help to standardize subsampling procedures in large surveys of fish. The apparatus could be used for other applications that require dividing a large amount of material into one or more smaller subsamples.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2012.716018","usgsCitation":"Stapanian, M.A., and Edwards, W.H., 2012, A prototype splitter apparatus for dividing large catches of small fish: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 32, no. 6, p. 1033-1038, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.716018.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1033","endPage":"1038","ipdsId":"IP-039007","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268424,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268423,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.716018"}],"volume":"32","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4a63e4b0b290850efbe8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stapanian, Martin A. 0000-0001-8173-4273 mstapanian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-4273","contributorId":3425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"Martin","email":"mstapanian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, William H.","contributorId":9144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70044811,"text":"70044811 - 2012 - Mineral resource of the month: aluminum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-08T17:08:15","indexId":"70044811","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: aluminum","docAbstract":"The article offers information on aluminum, a mineral resource which is described as the third-most abundant element in Earth's crust. According to the article, aluminum is the second-most used metal. Hans Christian Oersted, a Danish chemist, was the first to isolate aluminum in the laboratory. Aluminum is described as lightweight, corrosion-resistant and an excellent conductor of electricity and heat.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGI","usgsCitation":"Bray, E.L., 2012, Mineral resource of the month: aluminum: Earth, v. 57, no. 7, p. 25-25.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"25","ipdsId":"IP-037125","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272085,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518b73e6e4b0037667dbc806","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bray, E. Lee lbray@usgs.gov","contributorId":39903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bray","given":"E.","email":"lbray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042325,"text":"70042325 - 2012 - Enterococci in the environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-11T18:01:45.393699","indexId":"70042325","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2730,"text":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enterococci in the environment","docAbstract":"<p><span>Enterococci are common, commensal members of gut communities in mammals and birds, yet they are also opportunistic pathogens that cause millions of human and animal infections annually. Because they are shed in human and animal feces, are readily culturable, and predict human health risks from exposure to polluted recreational waters, they are used as surrogates for waterborne pathogens and as fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in research and in water quality testing throughout the world. Evidence from several decades of research demonstrates, however, that enterococci may be present in high densities in the absence of obvious fecal sources and that environmental reservoirs of these FIB are important sources and sinks, with the potential to impact water quality. This review focuses on the distribution and microbial ecology of enterococci in environmental (secondary) habitats, including the effect of environmental stressors; an outline of their known and apparent sources, sinks, and fluxes; and an overview of the use of enterococci as FIB. Finally, the significance of emerging methodologies, such as microbial source tracking (MST) and empirical predictive models, as tools in water quality monitoring is addressed. The mounting evidence for widespread extraenteric sources and reservoirs of enterococci demonstrates the versatility of the genus&nbsp;</span><i><span id=\"named-content-3\" class=\"named-content genus-species\">Enterococcus</span></i><span>&nbsp;and argues for the necessity of a better understanding of their ecology in natural environments, as well as their roles as opportunistic pathogens and indicators of human pathogens.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1128/MMBR.00023-12","usgsCitation":"Byappanahalli, M., Nevers, M.B., Korajkic, A., Staley, Z.R., and Harwood, V.J., 2012, Enterococci in the environment: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, v. 76, no. 4, p. 685-706, https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00023-12.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"685","endPage":"706","ipdsId":"IP-039003","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00023-12","text":"External Repository"},{"id":268799,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"513721fae4b02ab8869bffcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.","contributorId":47335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"Muruleedhara N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nevers, Meredith B.","contributorId":91803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Korajkic, Asja","contributorId":93359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korajkic","given":"Asja","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Staley, Zachery R.","contributorId":82593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Zachery","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harwood, Valerie J.","contributorId":66567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwood","given":"Valerie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041918,"text":"70041918 - 2012 - Habitat use by fishes of Lake Superior. II. Consequences of diel habitat use for habitat linkages and habitat coupling in nearshore and offshore waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T11:16:44","indexId":"70041918","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use by fishes of Lake Superior. II. Consequences of diel habitat use for habitat linkages and habitat coupling in nearshore and offshore waters","docAbstract":"<p><span>Diel migration patterns of fishes in nearshore (15–80&nbsp;m depth) and offshore (&gt;80&nbsp;m) waters of Lake Superior were examined to assess the potential for diel migration to link benthic and pelagic, and nearshore and offshore habitats. In our companion article, we described three types of diel migration: diel vertical migration (DVM), diel bank migration (DBM), and no diel migration. DVM was expressed by fishes migrating from benthopelagic to pelagic positions and DBM was expressed by fishes migrating horizontally from deep to shallow waters at night. Fishes not exhibiting diel migration typically showed increased activity by moving from benthic to benthopelagic positions within demersal habitat. The distribution and biomass of fishes in Lake Superior was characterized by examining 704 bottom trawl samples collected between 2001 and 2008 from four depth zones: ≤40, 41–80, 81–160, and &gt;160&nbsp;m. Diel migration behaviors of fishes described in our companion article were applied to estimates of areal biomass (kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) for each species by depth zone. The relative strength of diel migrations were assessed by applying lake area to areal biomass estimates for each species by depth zone to yield estimates of lake-wide biomass (metric tonnes). Overall, species expressing DVM accounted for 83%, DBM 6%, and non-migration 11% of the total lake-wide community biomass. In nearshore waters, species expressing DVM represented 74% of the biomass, DBM 25%, and non-migration 1%. In offshore waters, species expressing DVM represented 85%, DBM 1%, and non-migration 14% of the biomass. Of species expressing DVM, 83% of total biomass occurred in offshore waters. Similarly, 97% of biomass of non-migrators occurred in offshore waters while 83% of biomass of species expressing DBM occurred in nearshore waters. A high correlation (R</span><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.996) between lake area and community biomass by depth zone resulted in 81% of the lake-wide biomass occurring in offshore waters. Accentuating this nearshore-offshore trend was one of increasing estimated total areal biomass of the fish community with depth zone, which ranged from 13.71&nbsp;kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span> at depths ≤40&nbsp;m to 18.81&nbsp;kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span> at depths &gt;160&nbsp;m, emphasizing the importance of the offshore fish community to the lake ecosystem. The prevalence of diel migration expressed by Lake Superior fishes increases the potential of fish to link benthic and pelagic and shallow and deepwater habitats. These linkages enhance the potential for habitat coupling, a condition where habitats become interconnected and interdependent through transfers of energy and nutrients. Habitat coupling facilitates energy and nutrient flow through a lake ecosystem, thereby increasing productivity, especially in large lakes where benthic and pelagic, and nearshore and offshore habitats are often well separated. We propose that the application of biomass estimates to patterns of diel migration in fishes can serve as a useful metric for assessing the potential for habitat linkages and habitat coupling in lake ecosystems, and provide an important indicator of ecosystem health and function. The decline of native Lake Trout and ciscoes and recent declines in exotic Alewife and Rainbow Smelt populations in other Great Lakes have likely reduced the capacity for benthic-pelagic coupling in these systems compared to Lake Superior. We recommend comparing the levels and temporal changes in diel migration in other Great Lakes as a means to assess changes in the relative health and function of these ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634988.2012.711664","usgsCitation":"Gorman, O.T., Yule, D., and Stockwell, J.D., 2012, Habitat use by fishes of Lake Superior. II. Consequences of diel habitat use for habitat linkages and habitat coupling in nearshore and offshore waters: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 15, no. 3, p. 355-368, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634988.2012.711664.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"368","ipdsId":"IP-037747","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.48486328124999,\n              46.49839225859763\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.342041015625,\n              46.76244305208004\n 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Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yule, Daniel L.","contributorId":92130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockwell, Jason D. 0000-0003-3393-6799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-6799","contributorId":61004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stockwell","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044814,"text":"70044814 - 2012 - Magnesium compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-28T21:22:00","indexId":"70044814","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnesium compounds","docAbstract":"Seawater and natural brines accounted for about 57 percent of magnesium compounds produced in the United States in 2011. Dead-burned magnesia was produced by Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties LLC from well brines in Michigan. Caustic-calcined magnesia was recovered from seawater by Premier Magnesia LLC in Florida, from well brines in Michigan by Martin Marietta and from magnesite in Nevada by Premier Magnesia. Intrepid Potash Wendover LLC and Great Salt Lake Minerals Corp. recovered magnesium chloride brines from the Great Salt Lake in Utah. Magnesium hydroxide was produced from seawater by SPI Pharma Inc. in Delaware and Premier Magnesia in Florida, and by Martin Marietta from its brine operation in Michigan.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Kramer, D., 2012, Magnesium compounds: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 73-74.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"74","ipdsId":"IP-020119","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271569,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517e44ede4b0eff6bc0031e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kramer, D.A.","contributorId":70187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kramer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70041913,"text":"70041913 - 2012 - Nearshore hydrodynamics as loading and forcing factors for <i>Escherichia coli</i> contamination at an embayed beach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-28T14:06:40","indexId":"70041913","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nearshore hydrodynamics as loading and forcing factors for <i>Escherichia coli</i> contamination at an embayed beach","docAbstract":"Numerical simulations of the transport and fate of <i>Escherichia coli</i> were conducted at Chicago's 63rd Street Beach, an embayed beach that had the highest mean <i>E. coli</i> concentration among 23 similar Lake Michigan beaches during summer months of 2000-2005, in order to find the cause for the high bacterial contamination. The numerical model was based on the transport of <i>E. coli</i> by current circulation patterns in the embayment driven by longshore main currents and the loss of <i>E. coli</i> in the water column, taking settling as well as bacterial dark- and solar-related decay into account. Two <i>E. coli</i> loading scenarios were considered: one from the open boundary north of the embayment and the other from the shallow water near the beachfront. Simulations showed that the embayed beach behaves as a sink for <i>E. coli</i> in that it generally receives <i>E. coli</i> more efficiently than it releases them. This is a result of the significantly different hydrodynamic forcing factors between the inside of the embayment and the main coastal flow outside. The settled <i>E. coli</i> inside the embayment can be a potential source of contamination during subsequent sediment resuspension events, suggesting that deposition-resuspension cycles of <i>E. coli</i> have resulted in excessive bacterial contamination of beach water. A further hypothetical case with a breakwater shortened to half its original length, which was anticipated to enhance the current circulation in the embayment, showed a reduction in <i>E. coli</i> concentrations of nearly 20%.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASLO","publisherLocation":"Waco, TX","doi":"10.4319/lo.2012.57.1.0362","usgsCitation":"Ge, Z., Whitman, R.L., Nevers, M.B., Phanikumar, M., and Byappanahalli, M., 2012, Nearshore hydrodynamics as loading and forcing factors for <i>Escherichia coli</i> contamination at an embayed beach: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 57, no. 1, p. 362-381, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2012.57.1.0362.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"381","ipdsId":"IP-017639","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268568,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268567,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2012.57.1.0362"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Chicago","otherGeospatial":"63rd Street Beach","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.576581,41.781041 ], [ -87.576581,41.784475 ], [ -87.56869,41.784475 ], [ -87.56869,41.781041 ], [ -87.576581,41.781041 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51308a92e4b04c194073ae13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ge, Zhongfu","contributorId":29709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ge","given":"Zhongfu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nevers, Meredith B.","contributorId":91803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phanikumar, Mantha S.","contributorId":17888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phanikumar","given":"Mantha S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.","contributorId":47335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"Muruleedhara N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70042344,"text":"70042344 - 2012 - Earthworm bioassays and seedling emergence for monitoring toxicity, aging and bioaccumulation of anthropogenic waste indicator compounds in biosolids-amended soil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T22:02:38","indexId":"70042344","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthworm bioassays and seedling emergence for monitoring toxicity, aging and bioaccumulation of anthropogenic waste indicator compounds in biosolids-amended soil","docAbstract":"Land application of biosolids (treated sewage sludge) can be an important route for introducing xenobiotic compounds into terrestrial environments. There is a paucity of available information on the effects of biosolids amendment on terrestrial organisms. In this study, the influence of biosolids and biosolids aging on earthworm (Eisenia fetida) reproduction and survival and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seedling emergence was investigated. Earthworms were exposed to soils amended with varying quantities of biosolids (0, 1, 2, 3, or 4% dry mass). To investigate the influence of biosolids aging, the biosolids used in the study were aged for differing lengths of time (2 or 8 weeks) prior to exposure. All of the adult earthworms survived in the biosolids–amended soils at all concentrations that were aged for 2 weeks; however, only 20% of the adults survived in the soil amended with the highest concentration of biosolids and aged for 8 weeks. Reproduction as measured by mean number of juveniles and unhatched cocoons produced per treatment correlated inversely with biosolids concentration, although the effects were generally more pronounced in the 8-week aged biosolids–soil samples. Latent seedling emergence and reduced seedling fitness correlated inversely with biosolids concentration, but these effects were tempered in the 8-week aged versus the 2-week aged soil–biosolids mixtures. Anthropogenic waste indicator compounds (AWIs) were measured in the biosolids, biosolids–soil mixtures, and earthworm samples. Where possible, bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were calculated or estimated. A wide variety of AWIs were detected in the biosolids (51 AWIs) and earthworm samples (≤ 19 AWI). The earthworms exposed to the 8-week aged biosolids–soil mixtures tended to accumulate greater quantities of AWIs compared to the 2-week aged mixture, suggesting that the bioavailability of some AWIs was enhanced with aging. The BAFs for a given AWI varied with treatment. Notably large BAFs were determined for some AWIs. For example, the maximum BAF determined for para-cresol, methyl salicylate, bisphenol-A, and cholesterol was greater than 100 in some treatments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.097","usgsCitation":"Kinney, C.A., Campbell, B., Thompson, R., Furlong, E.T., Kolpin, D.W., Burkhardt, M.R., Zaugg, S.D., Werner, S.L., and Hay, A.G., 2012, Earthworm bioassays and seedling emergence for monitoring toxicity, aging and bioaccumulation of anthropogenic waste indicator compounds in biosolids-amended soil: Science of the Total Environment, v. 433, p. 507-515, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.097.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"507","endPage":"515","ipdsId":"IP-026753","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272053,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.097"}],"volume":"433","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a2266e4b061e1bd533380","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinney, Chad A.","contributorId":56952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinney","given":"Chad","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Bryan R.","contributorId":94571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Bryan R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Regina","contributorId":74654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Regina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burkhardt, Mark R.","contributorId":27872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Werner, Stephen L. slwerner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Stephen","email":"slwerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hay, Anthony G.","contributorId":60930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70044817,"text":"70044817 - 2012 - Exploration review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-29T08:58:39","indexId":"70044817","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploration review","docAbstract":"This summary of international mineral exploration activities for the year 2011 draws upon available information from industry sources, published literature and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) specialists. This summary provides data on exploration budgets by region and mineral commodity, identifies significant mineral discoveries and areas of mineral exploration, discusses government programs affecting the mineral exploration industry and presents surveys returned by companies primarily focused on precious (gold, platinum-group metals and silver) and base (copper, lead, nickel and zinc) metals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Wilburn, D., Rapstine, T., and Lee, E., 2012, Exploration review: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 5, p. 40-60.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"60","ipdsId":"IP-036880","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271593,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517f9668e4b0e41721f7a350","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilburn, D.R.","contributorId":98911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilburn","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rapstine, T.D.","contributorId":60103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapstine","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, E.C.","contributorId":16191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044818,"text":"70044818 - 2012 - Constraints on the timing of Co-Cu ± Au mineralization in the Blackbird district, Idaho, using SHRIMP U-Pb ages of monazite and xenotime plus zircon ages of related Mesoproterozoic orthogneisses and metasedimentary rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-14T14:53:13.071776","indexId":"70044818","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on the timing of Co-Cu ± Au mineralization in the Blackbird district, Idaho, using SHRIMP U-Pb ages of monazite and xenotime plus zircon ages of related Mesoproterozoic orthogneisses and metasedimentary rocks","docAbstract":"<p>The Blackbird district, east-central Idaho, contains the largest known Co reserves in the United States. The origin of strata-hosted Co-Cu ± Au mineralization at Blackbird has been a matter of controversy for decades. In order to differentiate among possible genetic models for the deposits, including various combinations of volcanic, sedimentary, magmatic, and metamorphic processes, we used U-Pb geochronology of xenotime, monazite, and zircon to establish time constraints for ore formation. New age data reported here were obtained using sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) microanalysis of (1) detrital zircons from a sample of Mesoproterozoic siliciclastic metasedimentary country rock in the Blackbird district, (2) igneous zircons from Mesoproterozoic intrusions, and (3) xenotime and monazite from the Merle and Sunshine prospects at Blackbird.</p><p>Detrital zircon from metasandstone of the biotite phyllite-schist unit has ages mostly in the range of 1900 to 1600 Ma, plus a few Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic grains. Age data for the six youngest grains form a coherent group at 1409 ± 10 Ma, regarded as the maximum age of deposition of metasedimentary country rocks of the central structural domain. Igneous zircons from nine samples of megacrystic granite, granite augen gneiss, and granodiorite augen gneiss that crop out north and east of the Blackbird district yield ages between 1383 ± 4 and 1359 ± 7 Ma. Emplacement of the Big Deer Creek megacrystic granite (1377 ± 4 Ma), structurally juxtaposed with host rocks in the Late Cretaceous ca. 5 km north of Blackbird, may have been involved in initial deposition of rare earth elements (REE) minerals and, possibly, sulfides.</p><p>In situ SHRIMP ages of xenotime and monazite in Co-rich samples from the Merle and Sunshine prospects, plus backscattered electron imagery and SHRIMP analyses of trace elements, indicate a complex sequence of Mesoproterozoic and Cretaceous events. On the basis of textural relationships observed in thin section, xeno-time and cobaltite formed during multiple episodes. The oldest age for xenotime (1370 ± 4 Ma), determined on oscillatory-zoned cores, may date the time of initial cobaltite formation, and provides a minimum age for the host metasedimentary rocks. Additional Proterozoic xenotime growth events occurred at 1315 to 1270 Ma and ca. 1050 Ma. Other xenotime grains and rims grew in conjunction with cobaltite during Cretaceous metamorphism. However, ages of these growth episodes cannot be precisely determined due to matrix effects on<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>238</sup>U data for xenotime. Monazite, some of which encloses cobaltite, uniformly has Cretaceous ages that mainly are 110 ± 3 and 92 ± 5 Ma. These data indicate that xenotime, monazite, and cobaltite were extensively mobilized and precipitated during Middle to Late Cretaceous metamorphic events.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","publisherLocation":"Littleton, CO","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.107.6.1143","usgsCitation":"Aleinikoff, J.N., Slack, J.F., Lund, K., Evans, K.V., Fanning, C., Mazdab, F.K., Wooden, J., and Pillers, R.M., 2012, Constraints on the timing of Co-Cu ± Au mineralization in the Blackbird district, Idaho, using SHRIMP U-Pb ages of monazite and xenotime plus zircon ages of related Mesoproterozoic orthogneisses and metasedimentary rocks: Economic Geology, v. 107, no. 6, p. 1143-1175, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.6.1143.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"1143","endPage":"1175","ipdsId":"IP-021616","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271334,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Blackbird District","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.82635498046875,\n              44.98034238084973\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.20562744140625,\n              44.98034238084973\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.20562744140625,\n              45.40037851725538\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.82635498046875,\n              45.40037851725538\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.82635498046875,\n              44.98034238084973\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51765be1e4b0f989f99e00ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lund, Karen 0000-0002-4249-3582 klund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-3582","contributorId":1235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Karen","email":"klund@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, Karl V. kvevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Karl","email":"kvevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":476365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fanning, C. Mark","contributorId":46814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanning","given":"C. Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mazdab, Frank K.","contributorId":37468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazdab","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":32209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pillers, Renee M. 0000-0003-4929-1569 rpillers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4929-1569","contributorId":2501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pillers","given":"Renee","email":"rpillers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70044863,"text":"70044863 - 2012 - Mineral resource of the month: rhenium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-08T17:32:53","indexId":"70044863","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: rhenium","docAbstract":"Rhenium, a silvery-white, heat resistant metal, has increased significantly in importance since its discovery in 1925. First isolated by a team of German chemists studying platinum ore, the mineral was named for the Rhine River. From 1925 until the 1960s, only two metric tons of rhenium were produced worldwide. Since then, its uses have steadily increased, including everything from unleaded gasoline to jet engines, and worldwide annual production now tops 45 metric tons.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geosciences Institute","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","usgsCitation":"Polyak, D.E., 2012, Mineral resource of the month: rhenium: Earth, v. 57, no. 1, p. 25-25.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"25","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033419","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270515,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270513,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.agiweb.org/store/library/imprint.php?id=2012_01"}],"volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515bfdf3e4b075500ee5ca6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Polyak, Desiree E. dpolyak@usgs.gov","contributorId":3485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polyak","given":"Desiree","email":"dpolyak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042370,"text":"70042370 - 2012 - How many records should be used in ASCE/SEI-7 ground motion scaling procedure?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-05T21:47:12","indexId":"70042370","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How many records should be used in ASCE/SEI-7 ground motion scaling procedure?","docAbstract":"U.S. national building codes refer to the ASCE/SEI-7 provisions for selecting and scaling ground motions for use in nonlinear response history analysis of structures. Because the limiting values for the number of records in the ASCE/SEI-7 are based on engineering experience, this study examines the required number of records statistically, such that the scaled records provide accurate, efficient, and consistent estimates of “true” structural responses. Based on elastic–perfectly plastic and bilinear single-degree-of-freedom systems, the ASCE/SEI-7 scaling procedure is applied to 480 sets of ground motions; the number of records in these sets varies from three to ten. As compared to benchmark responses, it is demonstrated that the ASCE/SEI-7 scaling procedure is conservative if fewer than seven ground motions are employed. Utilizing seven or more randomly selected records provides more accurate estimate of the responses. Selecting records based on their spectral shape and design spectral acceleration increases the accuracy and efficiency of the procedure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"EERI","publisherLocation":"Oakland, CA","doi":"10.1193/1.4000066","usgsCitation":"Reyes, J.C., and Kalkan, E., 2012, How many records should be used in ASCE/SEI-7 ground motion scaling procedure?: Earthquake Spectra, v. 28, no. 3, p. 1223-1242, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.4000066.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1223","endPage":"1242","ipdsId":"IP-031184","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268818,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268817,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000066"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51372203e4b02ab8869bffe1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reyes, Juan C.","contributorId":30731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reyes","given":"Juan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kalkan, Erol 0000-0002-9138-9407 ekalkan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":1218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"Erol","email":"ekalkan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70044868,"text":"70044868 - 2012 - Lithium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-28T21:00:26","indexId":"70044868","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithium","docAbstract":"In 2011, world lithium consumption was estimated to have been about 25 kt (25,000 st) of lithium contained in minerals and compounds, a 10-percent increase from 2010. U.S. consumption was estimated to have been about 2 kt (2,200 st) of contained lithium, a 100-percent increase from 2010. The United States was estimated to be the fourth-ranked consumer of lithium and remained the leading importer of lithium carbonate and the leading producer of value-added lithium materials. One company, Chemetall Foote Corp. (a subsidiary of Chemetall GmbH of Germany), produced lithium compounds from domestic brine resources near Silver Peak, NV.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Jaskula, B., 2012, Lithium: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 72-73.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"73","ipdsId":"IP-029014","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271566,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517e44ece4b0eff6bc0031d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaskula, B.W.","contributorId":62496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaskula","given":"B.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70041886,"text":"70041886 - 2012 - Habitat use by fishes of Lake Superior. I. Diel patterns of habitat use in nearshore and offshore waters of the Apostle Islands region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T11:17:44","indexId":"70041886","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use by fishes of Lake Superior. I. Diel patterns of habitat use in nearshore and offshore waters of the Apostle Islands region","docAbstract":"<p><span>Diel patterns of distribution of fishes in nearshore (15–80&nbsp;m depth) and offshore (&gt;80&nbsp;m) waters of the Apostle Islands region of Lake Superior were described using bottom trawls, mid-water trawls, and acoustic gear during day and night sampling. These data revealed three types of diel migration: diel vertical migration (DVM), diel bank migration (DBM), and no migration. DVM was expressed by fishes migrating from benthopelagic to pelagic strata and DBM was expressed by fishes migrating horizontally from deeper waters in the day to shallower waters at night while remaining within the benthopelagic stratum. Most fishes that did not exhibit diel migration showed increased nighttime densities as a result of increased activity and movement from benthic to benthopelagic strata. Rainbow Smelt (</span><i>Osmerus mordax),</i><span> Cisco (</span><i>Coregonus artedi</i><span>), Bloater (</span><i>C. hoyi</i><span>), Kiyi (</span><i>C. kiyi</i><span>), juvenile Trout-Perch </span><i>(Percopsis omiscomaycus</i><span>), and adult siscowet (</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush siscowet</i><span>) exhibited DVM. Lake Whitefish (</span><i>C. clupeaformis</i><span>), lean Lake Trout (</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush namaycush</i><span>), and juvenile siscowet exhibited DBM. Adult Trout-Perch and adult Pygmy Whitefish (</span><i>Prosopium coulteri</i><span>) exhibited a mixture of DBM and DVM. Burbot (</span><i>Lota lota</i><span>), Slimy Sculpin (</span><i>Cottus cognatus</i><span>), Spoonhead Sculpin (</span><i>C. ricei</i><span>), and Deepwater Sculpin (</span><i>Myoxocephalus thompsonii</i><span>) did not exhibit diel migration, but showed evidence of increased nocturnal activity. Ninespine Stickleback (</span><i>Pungitius pungitius</i><span>) exhibited a mixture of DVM and non-migration. Juvenile Pygmy Whitefish did not show a diel change in density or depth distribution. Species showing ontogenetic shifts in depth distribution with larger, adult life stages occupying deeper waters included, Rainbow Smelt, lean and siscowet Lake Trout, Lake Whitefish, Pygmy Whitefish, Ninespine Stickleback and Trout-Perch. Of these species, siscowet also showed an ontogenetic shift from primarily DBM as juveniles to primarily DVM as adults. Across all depths, fishes expressing DVM accounted for 73% of the total estimated community areal biomass (kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) while those expressing DBM accounted for 25% and non-migratory species represented 2% of the biomass. The proportion of total community biomass exhibiting DVM increased with depth, from 59% to 95% across ≤30&nbsp;m to &gt;90&nbsp;m depth zones. Along the same depth gradient, the proportion of total community biomass exhibiting DBM declined from 40% to 1%, while non-migrators increased from 1% to 4%. These results indicate that DVM and DBM behaviors are pervasive in the Lake Superior fish community and potentially provide strong linkages that effect coupling of benthic and pelagic and nearshore and offshore habitats.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634988.2012.715972","usgsCitation":"Gorman, O.T., Yule, D., and Stockwell, J., 2012, Habitat use by fishes of Lake Superior. I. Diel patterns of habitat use in nearshore and offshore waters of the Apostle Islands region: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 15, no. 3, p. 333-354, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634988.2012.715972.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"333","endPage":"354","ipdsId":"IP-037746","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.48486328124999,\n              46.49839225859763\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.342041015625,\n              46.76244305208004\n            ],\n            [\n              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T.","contributorId":104605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yule, D.L.","contributorId":78853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockwell, J.D.","contributorId":19678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockwell","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044872,"text":"70044872 - 2012 - Pumice and pumicite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-27T14:18:52","indexId":"70044872","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pumice and pumicite","docAbstract":"Production of pumice in the United States during 2011 was estimated to be 380 kt (420,000 st), a 3-percent decrease compared with 2010. The unit value of pumice varied by end use in 2011. Pumice used as an abrasive was priced at $10.39/t ($9.30/st), while specialty-grade pumice, used in cosmetics, filtration or precision grinding, was priced as high as $150/t ($130/st) on a spot basis. Fourteen companies operated 16 mines in Arizona, California, Idaho, Kansas, New Mexico and Oregon. U.S. pumice exports totaled about 15 kt (17,000 st). Imports were higher, 35 kt (39,000 st).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Crangle, R., 2012, Pumice and pumicite: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 85-86.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"86","ipdsId":"IP-036421","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517cf375e4b0d8907b28824a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crangle, R.D. Jr.","contributorId":88241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crangle","given":"R.D.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044885,"text":"70044885 - 2012 - Peat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-28T22:34:31","indexId":"70044885","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peat","docAbstract":"In 2011, domestic production of peat, excluding Alaska, was estimated to be 605 kt (667,000 st), compared with 628 kt (629,000 st) in 2010. In 2011, imports increased to 1.1. Mt (1.2 million st) compared with 947 kt (1 million st) in 2010, and exports were estimated to have decreased to 39 kt (43,000 st) in 2011. U.S. apparent consumption for 2011 was estimated to have increased to 1.6 Mt (1.7 million st). World production was estimated to be about 22 Mt (24 million st) in 2011, which was 6 percent lower than 2010.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Apodaca, L., 2012, Peat: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 79-80.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"80","ipdsId":"IP-036324","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271585,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517e44f4e4b0eff6bc003221","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Apodaca, L.E.","contributorId":73635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apodaca","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044889,"text":"70044889 - 2012 - Nitrogen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-28T22:18:19","indexId":"70044889","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen","docAbstract":"Ammonia was produced by 12 companies at 27 plants in 15 states in the United States during 2011. Sixty-one percent of total U.S. ammonia production capacity was centered in Louisiana, Oklahoma and Texas because of those states' large reserves of natural gas, the dominant domestic feedstock. In 2011, U.S. producers operated at about 84 percent of their rated capacity (excluding plants that were idle for the entire year). Four companies &mdash; CF Industries Holdings Inc.; Koch Nitrogen Co.; PCS Nitrogen Inc. and Agrium Inc., in descending order &mdash; accounted for 77 percent of the total U.S. ammonia production capacity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Apodaca, L., 2012, Nitrogen: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 78-79.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"79","ipdsId":"IP-036328","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517e44f2e4b0eff6bc003205","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Apodaca, L.E.","contributorId":73635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apodaca","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044891,"text":"70044891 - 2012 - Diatomite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-27T14:05:32","indexId":"70044891","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diatomite","docAbstract":"The United States continues to be the world's leading producer and consumer of diatomite. Production of diatomite in the United States during 2011 was estimated to be 600 kt (661,000 st), a slight increase compared with 2010 production. The unit value of diatomite varied widely by end use in 2011. Diatomite used as a lightweight aggregate was priced at $8.82/t ($8/st), while specialty-grade diatomite, used in art supplies, cosmetics, or biomedical applications, was priced as high as $10,000/t ($9,070/st) on a spot basis. Filter-grade diatomite had an average unit value of $394/t ($357/st). Seven companies operated 10 mines an nine processing facilities in California, Nevada, Oregon and Washington. U.S. diatomite exports totaled about 120 kt (132,000 st). Imports were much lower, at approximately 1 kt (1,100 st).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Crangle, R., 2012, Diatomite: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 48-49.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"49","ipdsId":"IP-028487","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271517,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517cf363e4b0d8907b28819f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crangle, R.D. Jr.","contributorId":88241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crangle","given":"R.D.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70041875,"text":"70041875 - 2012 - Golden Gate Bridge response: a study with low-amplitude data from three earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-05T11:42:55","indexId":"70041875","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Golden Gate Bridge response: a study with low-amplitude data from three earthquakes","docAbstract":"The dynamic response of the Golden Gate Bridge, located north of San Francisco, CA, has been studied previously using ambient vibration data and finite element models. Since permanent seismic instrumentation was installed in 1993, only small earthquakes that originated at distances varying between ~11 to 122 km have been recorded. Nonetheless, these records prompted this study of the response of the bridge to low amplitude shaking caused by three earthquakes. Compared to previous ambient vibration studies, the earthquake response data reveal a slightly higher fundamental frequency (shorter-period) for vertical vibration of the bridge deck center span (~7.7–8.3 s versus 8.2–10.6 s), and a much higher fundamental frequency (shorter period) for the transverse direction of the deck (~11.24–16.3 s versus ~18.2 s). In this study, it is also shown that these two periods are dominant apparent periods representing interaction between tower, cable, and deck.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"EERI","publisherLocation":"Oakland, CA","doi":"10.1193/1.4000018","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., 2012, Golden Gate Bridge response: a study with low-amplitude data from three earthquakes: Earthquake Spectra, v. 28, no. 2, p. 487-510, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.4000018.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"487","endPage":"510","ipdsId":"IP-026135","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268760,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000018"},{"id":268761,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Golden Gate Bridge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42.0 ], [ -114.1,42.0 ], [ -114.1,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51372200e4b02ab8869bffd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":3205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044892,"text":"70044892 - 2012 - Gemstones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-27T20:18:08","indexId":"70044892","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gemstones","docAbstract":"The estimated value of natural gemstones produced from U.S. deposits during 2011 was $10.6 million, a 6-percent increase from 2010. U.S. gemstone production included agate, amber, beryl, coral, garnet, jade, jasper, opal, pearl, quartz, sapphire, shell, topaz, tourmaline, turquoise and many other gem materials.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Olson, D., 2012, Gemstones: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 54-55.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"55","ipdsId":"IP-028655","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271554,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517cf36ce4b0d8907b2881e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, D.W.","contributorId":82369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044901,"text":"70044901 - 2012 - Industrial diamond","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-27T19:49:57","indexId":"70044901","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Industrial diamond","docAbstract":"Estimated 2011 world production of natural and synthetic industrial diamond was about 4.45 billion carats. During 2011, natural industrial diamonds were produced in more than 20 countries, and synthetic industrial diamond was produced in at least 13 countries. About 98 percent of the combined natural and synthetic global output was produced in China, Ireland, Japan, Russia, South Africa and the United States. China is the world's leading producer of synthetic industrial diamond followed by Russia and the United States.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Olson, D., 2012, Industrial diamond: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 62-63.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"63","ipdsId":"IP-028654","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271538,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517cf370e4b0d8907b28820f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, D.W.","contributorId":82369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044903,"text":"70044903 - 2012 - Bromine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-19T22:32:01","indexId":"70044903","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bromine","docAbstract":"The element bromine is found principally as a dissolved species in seawater, evaporitic (salt) lakes and underground brines associated with petroleum deposits. Seawater contains about 65 parts per million of bromine or an estimated 100 Tt (110 trillion st). In the Middle East, the highly saline waters of the Dead Sea are estimated to contain 1 Gt (1.1billion st) of bromine. Bromine is also recovered from seawater as a coproduct during evaporation to produce salt.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","publisherLocation":"Englewood, CO","usgsCitation":"Ober, J.A., 2012, Bromine: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 40-41.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"41","ipdsId":"IP-029037","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5172676ce4b0c173799e7957","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ober, Joyce A. 0000-0003-1608-5611 jober@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1608-5611","contributorId":394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ober","given":"Joyce","email":"jober@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}