{"pageNumber":"1509","pageRowStart":"37700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70147411,"text":"70147411 - 2013 - Ground motions recorded in Rome during the April 2009 L’Aquila seismic sequence: site response and comparison with ground‐motion predictions based on a global dataset","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-01T11:49:20","indexId":"70147411","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground motions recorded in Rome during the April 2009 L’Aquila seismic sequence: site response and comparison with ground‐motion predictions based on a global dataset","docAbstract":"<p><span>The mainshock and moderate‐magnitude aftershocks of the 6 April 2009&nbsp;</span><span>M</span><span>&nbsp;6.3 L&rsquo;Aquila seismic sequence, about 90&nbsp;km northeast of Rome, provided the first earthquake ground‐motion recordings in the urban area of Rome. Before those recordings were obtained, the assessments of the seismic hazard in Rome were based on intensity observations and theoretical considerations. The L&rsquo;Aquila recordings offer an unprecedented opportunity to calibrate the city response to central Apennine earthquakes&mdash;earthquakes that have been responsible for the largest damage to Rome in historical times. Using the data recorded in Rome in April 2009, we show that (1)&nbsp;published theoretical predictions of a 1&nbsp;s resonance in the Tiber valley are confirmed by observations showing a significant amplitude increase in response spectra at that period, (2)&nbsp;the empirical soil‐transfer functions inferred from spectral ratios are satisfactorily fit through 1D models using the available geological, geophysical, and laboratory data, but local variability can be large for individual events, (3)&nbsp;response spectra for the motions recorded in Rome from the L&rsquo;Aquila earthquakes are significantly amplified in the radial component at periods near 1&nbsp;s, even at a firm site on volcanic rocks, and (4)&nbsp;short‐period response spectra are smaller than expected when compared to ground‐motion predictions from equations based on a global dataset, whereas the observed response spectra are higher than expected for periods near 1&nbsp;s.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120120153","usgsCitation":"Caserta, A., Boore, D., Rovelli, A., Govoni, A., Marra, F., Monica, G.D., and Boschi, E., 2013, Ground motions recorded in Rome during the April 2009 L’Aquila seismic sequence: site response and comparison with ground‐motion predictions based on a global dataset: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 103, no. 3, p. 1860-1874, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120153.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1860","endPage":"1874","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037575","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","city":"Rome","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              12.18658447265625,\n              41.67086022030498\n            ],\n            [\n              12.18658447265625,\n              42.03807425331983\n            ],\n            [\n              12.726287841796875,\n              42.03807425331983\n            ],\n            [\n              12.726287841796875,\n              41.67086022030498\n            ],\n            [\n              12.18658447265625,\n              41.67086022030498\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"103","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5544a3ade4b0a658d79478bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caserta, Arrigo","contributorId":140508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caserta","given":"Arrigo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12533,"text":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – Sezione di Palermo- Via Ugo La Malfa, 153,  90146 Palermo, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boore, David 0000-0002-8605-9673 boore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":140502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rovelli, Antonio","contributorId":79378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rovelli","given":"Antonio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12533,"text":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – Sezione di Palermo- Via Ugo La Malfa, 153,  90146 Palermo, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Govoni, Aladino","contributorId":140506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Govoni","given":"Aladino","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12533,"text":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – Sezione di Palermo- Via Ugo La Malfa, 153,  90146 Palermo, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marra, Fabrizio","contributorId":140509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marra","given":"Fabrizio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12533,"text":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – Sezione di Palermo- Via Ugo La Malfa, 153,  90146 Palermo, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Monica, Gieseppe Della","contributorId":140510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monica","given":"Gieseppe","email":"","middleInitial":"Della","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Boschi, Enzo","contributorId":15375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boschi","given":"Enzo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70189134,"text":"70189134 - 2013 - Bokan Mountain peralkaline granitic complex, Alexander terrane (southeastern Alaska): evidence for Early Jurassic rifting prior to accretion with North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:34:28","indexId":"70189134","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bokan Mountain peralkaline granitic complex, Alexander terrane (southeastern Alaska): evidence for Early Jurassic rifting prior to accretion with North America","docAbstract":"<p><span>The circular Bokan Mountain complex (BMC) on southern Prince of Wales Island, southernmost Alaska, is a Jurassic peralkaline granitic intrusion about 3 km in diameter that crosscuts igneous and metasedimentary rocks of the Alexander terrane. The BMC hosts significant rare metal (rare earth elements, Y, U, Th, Zr, and Nb) mineralization related to the last stage of BMC emplacement. U–Pb (zircon) and&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar (amphibole and whole-rock) geochronology indicates the following sequence of intrusive activity: (</span><i>i</i><span>) a Paleozoic basement composed mainly of 469 ± 4 Ma granitic rocks; (</span><i>ii</i><span>) intrusion of the BMC at 177 ± 1 Ma followed by rapid cooling through ca. 550 °C at 176 ± 1 Ma that was synchronous with mineralization associated with vertical, WNW-trending pegmatites, felsic dikes, and aegirine–fluorite veins and late-stage, sinistral shear deformation; and (</span><i>iii</i><span>) intrusion of crosscutting lamprophyre dikes at &gt;150 Ma and again at ca. 105 Ma. The peralkaline nature of the BMC and the WNW trend of associated dikes suggest intrusion during NE–SW rifting that was followed by NE–SW shortening during the waning stages of BMC emplacement. The 177 Ma BMC was synchronous with other magmatic centres in the Alexander terrane, such as (1) the Dora Bay peralkaline stock and (2) the bimodal Moffatt volcanic suite located ∼30 km north and ∼100 km SE of the BMC, respectively. This regional magmatism is interpreted to represent a regional extensional event that precedes deposition of the Late Jurassic – Cretaceous Gravina sequence that oversteps the Wrangellia and Alexander exotic accreted terranes and the Taku and Yukon–Tanana pericratonic terranes of the Canadian–Alaskan Cordillera.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjes-2012-0139","usgsCitation":"Dostal, J., Karl, S.M., Keppie, J.D., Kontak, D.J., and Shellnutt, J.G., 2013, Bokan Mountain peralkaline granitic complex, Alexander terrane (southeastern Alaska): evidence for Early Jurassic rifting prior to accretion with North America: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 50, no. 6, p. 678-691, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2012-0139.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"678","endPage":"691","ipdsId":"IP-044044","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2012-0139","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343245,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bokan Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.45,51.21 ], [ 172.45,71.39 ], [ -129.99,71.39 ], [ -129.99,51.21 ], [ 172.45,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59576339e4b0d1f9f051b54e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dostal, Jaroslav","contributorId":11497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dostal","given":"Jaroslav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keppie, J. Duncan","contributorId":38048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keppie","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Duncan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kontak, Daniel J.","contributorId":23051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kontak","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shellnutt, J. Gregory","contributorId":7986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shellnutt","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70043261,"text":"70043261 - 2013 - Greater sage-grouse winter habitat use on the eastern edge of their range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-01T15:49:08","indexId":"70043261","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Greater sage-grouse winter habitat use on the eastern edge of their range","docAbstract":"Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) at the western edge of the Dakotas occur in the transition zone between sagebrush and grassland communities. These mixed sagebrush (Artemisia sp.) and grasslands differ from those habitats that comprise the central portions of the sage-grouse range; yet, no information is available on winter habitat selection within this region of their distribution. We evaluated factors influencing greater sage-grouse winter habitat use in North Dakota during 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 and in South Dakota during 2006–2007 and 2007–2008. We captured and radio-marked 97 breeding-age females and 54 breeding-age males from 2005 to 2007 and quantified habitat selection for 98 of these birds that were alive during winter. We collected habitat measurements at 340 (177 ND, 163 SD) sage-grouse use sites and 680 random (340 each at 250 m and 500 m from locations) dependent sites. Use sites differed from random sites with greater percent sagebrush cover (14.75% use vs. 7.29% random; P < 0.001), percent total vegetation cover (36.76% use vs. 32.96% random; P ≤ 0.001), and sagebrush density (2.12 plants/m<sup>2</sup> use vs. 0.94 plants/m<sup>2</sup> random; P ≤ 0.001), but lesser percent grass cover (11.76% use vs. 16.01% random; P ≤ 0.001) and litter cover (4.34% use vs. 5.55% random; P = 0.001) and lower sagebrush height (20.02 cm use vs. 21.35 cm random; P = 0.13) and grass height (21.47 cm use vs. 23.21 cm random; P = 0.15). We used conditional logistic regression to estimate winter habitat selection by sage-grouse on continuous scales. The model sagebrush cover + sagebrush height + sagebrush cover × sagebrush height (w<sub>i</sub> = 0.60) was the most supported of the 13 models we considered, indicating that percent sagebrush cover strongly influenced selection. Logistic odds ratios indicated that the probability of selection by sage-grouse increased by 1.867 for every 1% increase in sagebrush cover (95% CI = 1.627–2.141) and by 1.041 for every 1 cm increase in sagebrush height (95% CI = 1.002–1.082). The interaction between percent sagebrush canopy cover and sagebrush height (β = −0.01, SE ≤ 0.01; odds ratio = 0.987 [95% CI = 0.983–0.992]) also was significant. Management could focus on avoiding additional loss of sagebrush habitat, identifying areas of critical winter habitat, and implementing management actions based on causal mechanisms (e.g., soil moisture, precipitation) that affect sagebrush community structure in this region.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.484","usgsCitation":"Swanson, C., Rumble, M.A., Grovenburg, T.W., Kaczor, N., Klaver, R.W., Herman-Brunson, K.M., Jenks, J., and Jensen, K.C., 2013, Greater sage-grouse winter habitat use on the eastern edge of their range: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 77, no. 3, p. 486-494, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.484.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"486","endPage":"494","ipdsId":"IP-031542","costCenters":[{"id":350,"text":"Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/211","text":"External Repository"},{"id":273068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273067,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.484"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51ab09e7e4b038e354702134","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Christopher C.","contributorId":58505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Christopher C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rumble, Mark A.","contributorId":84615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumble","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grovenburg, Troy W.","contributorId":57712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grovenburg","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaczor, Nicholas W.","contributorId":43217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaczor","given":"Nicholas W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herman-Brunson, Katie M.","contributorId":66109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman-Brunson","given":"Katie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jenks, Jonathan A.","contributorId":51591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenks","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jensen, Kent C.","contributorId":66530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Kent","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16687,"text":"Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":473256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70193578,"text":"70193578 - 2013 - Volcano–ice interactions precursory to the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T14:19:33","indexId":"70193578","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcano–ice interactions precursory to the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>In late summer of 2008, after nearly 20</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>years of quiescence, Redoubt Volcano began to show signs of abnormal heat flow in its summit crater. In the months that followed, the excess heat triggered melting and ablation of Redoubt's glaciers, beginning at the summit and propagating to lower elevations as the unrest accelerated. A variety of morphological changes were observed, including the creation of ice cauldrons, areas of wide-spread subsidence, punctures in the ice carved out by steam, and deposition from debris flows. In this paper, we use visual observations, satellite data, and a high resolution digital elevation model of the volcanic edifice to calculate ice loss at Redoubt as a function of time. Our aim is to establish from this time series a proxy for heat flow that can be compared to other data sets collected along the same time interval. Our study area consists of the Drift glacier, which flows from the summit crater down the volcano's north slope, and makes up about one quarter of Redoubt's total ice volume of ~</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km</span><sup>3</sup><span>. The upper part of the Drift glacier covers the area of recent volcanism, making this part of ice mass most susceptible to the effect of volcanic heating. Moreover, melt water and other flows are channeled down the Drift glacier drainage by topography, leaving the remainder of Redoubt's ice mantle relatively unaffected. The rate of ice loss averaged around 0.1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s over the last four months of 2008, accelerated to over twenty times this value by February 2009, and peaked at greater than 22</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s, just prior to the first major explosion on March 22, 2009. We estimate a cumulative ice loss over this period of about 35</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>million cubic meters (M</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m</span><sup>3</sup><span>).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.10.008","usgsCitation":"Bleick, H.A., Coombs, M.L., Cervelli, P.F., Bull, K.F., and Wessels, R., 2013, Volcano–ice interactions precursory to the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 259, p. 373-388, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.10.008.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"388","ipdsId":"IP-037530","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Redoubt Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.95989990234375,\n              60.39011239020665\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.52731323242188,\n              60.39011239020665\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.52731323242188,\n              60.584269526244995\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.95989990234375,\n              60.584269526244995\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.95989990234375,\n              60.39011239020665\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"259","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eade4b0531197b27fd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bleick, Heather A. hbleick@usgs.gov","contributorId":2484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleick","given":"Heather","email":"hbleick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cervelli, Peter F. 0000-0001-6765-1009 pcervelli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-1009","contributorId":1936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cervelli","given":"Peter","email":"pcervelli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bull, Katharine F.","contributorId":42692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bull","given":"Katharine","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wessels, Rick 0000-0001-9711-6402 rwessels@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9711-6402","contributorId":198602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wessels","given":"Rick","email":"rwessels@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70193572,"text":"70193572 - 2013 - Injection, transport, and deposition of tephra during event 5 at Redoubt Volcano, 23 March, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T16:44:38","indexId":"70193572","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Injection, transport, and deposition of tephra during event 5 at Redoubt Volcano, 23 March, 2009","docAbstract":"<p><span>Among the events of the 2009 eruption at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, event 5 was the best documented by radar, satellite imagery, and deposit mapping. We use the new Eulerian tephra transport model Ash3d to simulate transport and deposition of event 5 tephra at distances up to 350</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km. The eruption, which started at about 1230</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>UTC on 23 March, 2009, sent a plume from the vent elevation (estimated at 2.3</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km above sea level or a.s.l.) to about 16</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km above sea level in 5</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>min. The plume was a few kilometers higher than would be expected for the estimated average mass eruption rate and atmospheric conditions, possibly due to release of most of the eruptive mass in the first half of the 20-minute event. The eruption injected tephra into a wind field of high shear, with weak easterly winds below ~</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>3</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km elevation, strong southerly winds at 6–10</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km and weak westerlies above ~</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>16</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km. Model simulations in this wind field predicted development of a northward-migrating inverted “v”-shaped cloud with a southwest-trending arm at a few kilometers elevation, which was not visible in IR satellite images due to cloud cover, and a southeast-trending arm at &gt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>10</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km elevation that was clearly visible. Simulations also predicted a deposit distribution that strongly depended on plume height: a plume height below 15</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km predicted ash deposits that were located west of those mapped, whereas good agreement was reached with a modeled plume height of 15–18</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km. Field sampling of the deposit found it to contain abundant tephra aggregates, which accelerated the removal of tephra from the atmosphere. We were able to reasonably approximate the effect of aggregation on the deposit mass distribution by two methods: (1) adjusting the grain-size distribution, taking the erupted mass &lt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.063</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>mm in diameter and distributing it evenly into bins of coarser size; and (2) moving 80–90% of the mass &lt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.063</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>mm into a single particle bin ranging in size from 0.25 to 1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>mm. These methods produced an area inside the 100</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>g</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m</span><sup>−&nbsp;2</sup><span>&nbsp;isomass lines that was within a few tens of percent of mapped area; however they under-predicted deposit mass at very proximal (&lt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>50</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km) and very distal (&gt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>250</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km) locations. Modeled grain-size distributions at sample locations are also generally coarser than observed. The mismatch may result from a combination of limitations in field sampling, approximations inherent in the model, errors in the numerical wind field, and aggregation of particles larger than 0.063</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>mm.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.04.025","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L.G., Schwaiger, H.F., Schneider, D.J., Wallace, K.L., Schaefer, J., and Denlinger, R.P., 2013, Injection, transport, and deposition of tephra during event 5 at Redoubt Volcano, 23 March, 2009: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 259, p. 201-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.04.025.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"213","ipdsId":"IP-037047","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Redoubt Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.96951293945312,\n              60.38604094380978\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.55203247070312,\n              60.38604094380978\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.55203247070312,\n              60.58696734225869\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.96951293945312,\n              60.58696734225869\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.96951293945312,\n              60.38604094380978\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"259","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eade4b0531197b27fd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwaiger, Hans F. 0000-0001-7397-8833 hschwaiger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7397-8833","contributorId":4108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwaiger","given":"Hans","email":"hschwaiger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, David J. 0000-0001-9092-1054 djschneider@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9092-1054","contributorId":198601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"David","email":"djschneider@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":719402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wallace, Kristi L. 0000-0002-0962-048X kwallace@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-048X","contributorId":3454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Kristi","email":"kwallace@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schaefer, Janet","contributorId":199547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Janet","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Denlinger, Roger P. 0000-0003-0930-0635 roger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-0635","contributorId":2679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"Roger","email":"roger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70179632,"text":"70179632 - 2013 - Population size, survival, growth, and movements of <i>Rana sierrae</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-10T11:15:27","indexId":"70179632","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population size, survival, growth, and movements of <i>Rana sierrae</i>","docAbstract":"Based on 2431 captures of 757 individual frogs over a 9-yr period, we found that the population of R. sierrae in one meadow–stream complex in Yosemite National Park ranged from an estimated 45 to 115 adult frogs. Rana sierrae at our relatively low elevation site (2200 m) grew at a fast rate (K = 0.73–0.78), had high overwintering survival rates (44.6–95%), lived a long time (up to 16 yr), and tended to be fairly sedentary during the summer (100% minimum convex polygon annual home ranges of 139 m2) but had low year-to-year site fidelity. Even though the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd) has been present in the population for at least 13 yr, there was no clear downward trend as might be expected from reports of R. sierrae population declines associated with Bd or from reports of widespread population decline of R. sierrae throughout its range.","language":"English","publisher":"The Herpetologists' League","doi":"10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-12-00045","usgsCitation":"Fellers, G.M., Kleeman, P.M., Miller, D.A., Halstead, B., and Link, W.A., 2013, Population size, survival, growth, and movements of <i>Rana sierrae</i>: Herpetologica, v. 69, no. 2, p. 147-162, https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-12-00045.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"162","ipdsId":"IP-082092","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58760116e4b04eac8e0746e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kleeman, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6567-3239 pkleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-3239","contributorId":3948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeman","given":"Patrick","email":"pkleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, David A. W.","contributorId":126732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A. W.","affiliations":[{"id":5039,"text":"Department of Environment, Land, and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Link, William A. 0000-0002-9913-0256 wlink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":146920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70043539,"text":"70043539 - 2013 - The geologic records of dust in the Quaternary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T16:01:52","indexId":"70043539","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":666,"text":"Aeolian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geologic records of dust in the Quaternary","docAbstract":"Study of geologic records of dust composition, sources and deposition rates is important for understanding the role of dust in the overall planetary radiation balance, fertilization of organisms in the world’s oceans, nutrient additions to the terrestrial biosphere and soils, and for paleoclimatic reconstructions. Both glacial and non-glacial processes produce fine-grained particles that can be transported by the wind. Geologic records of dust flux occur in a number of depositional archives for sediments: (1) loess deposits; (2) lake sediments; (3) soils; (4) deep-ocean basins; and (5) ice sheets and smaller glaciers. These archives have several characteristics that make them highly suitable for understanding the dynamics of dust entrainment, transport, and deposition. First, they are often distributed over wide geographic areas, which permits reconstruction of spatial variation of dust flux. Second, a number of dating methods can be applied to sediment archives, which allows identification of specific periods of greater or lesser dust flux. Third, aeolian sediment particle size and composition can be determined so that dust source areas can be ascertained and dust transport pathways can be reconstructed. Over much of the Earth’s surface, dust deposition rates were greater during the last glacial period than during the present interglacial period. A dustier Earth during glacial periods is likely due to increased source areas, greater aridity, less vegetation, lower soil moisture, possibly stronger winds, a decreased intensity of the hydrologic cycle, and greater production of dust-sized particles from expanded ice sheets and glaciers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aeolian Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2012.08.001","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D.R., 2013, The geologic records of dust in the Quaternary: Aeolian Research, v. 9, p. 3-48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2012.08.001.","productDescription":"46 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"48","ipdsId":"IP-034909","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273236,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273341,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2012.08.001"}],"otherGeospatial":"World","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51af0c70e4b08a3322c2c359","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":1857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046560,"text":"70046560 - 2013 - Tracing groundwater with low-level detections of halogenated VOCs in a fractured carbonate-rock aquifer, Leetown Science Center, West Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:11:56","indexId":"70046560","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracing groundwater with low-level detections of halogenated VOCs in a fractured carbonate-rock aquifer, Leetown Science Center, West Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"Measurements of low-level concentrations of halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and estimates of groundwater age interpreted from <sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He and SF<sub>6</sub> data have led to an improved understanding of groundwater flow, water sources, and transit times in a karstic, fractured, carbonate-rock aquifer at the Leetown Science Center (LSC), West Virginia. The sum of the concentrations of a set of 16 predominant halogenated VOCs (TDVOC) determined by gas chromatography with electron-capture detector (GC–ECD) exceeded that possible for air–water equilibrium in 34 of the 47 samples (median TDVOC of 24,800 pg kg<sup>−1</sup>), indicating that nearly all the water sampled in the vicinity of the LSC has been affected by addition of halogenated VOCs from non-atmospheric source(s). Leakage from a landfill that was closed and sealed nearly 20 a prior to sampling was recognized and traced to areas east of the LSC using low-level detection of tetrachloroethene (PCE), methyl chloride (MeCl), methyl chloroform (MC), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), and cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-1,2-DCE). Chloroform (CHLF) was the predominant VOC in water from domestic wells surrounding the LSC, and was elevated in groundwater in and near the Fish Health Laboratory at the LSC, where a leak of chlorinated water occurred prior to 2006. The low-level concentrations of halogenated VOCs did not exceed human or aquatic-life health criteria, and were useful in providing an awareness of the intrinsic susceptibility of the fractured karstic groundwater system at the LSC to non-atmospheric anthropogenic inputs. The <sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He groundwater ages of spring discharge from the carbonate rocks showed transient behavior, with ages averaging about 2 a in 2004 following a wet climatic period (2003–2004), and ages in the range of 4–7 a in periods of more average precipitation (2008–2009). The SF<sub>6</sub> and CFC-12 data indicate older water (model ages of 10s of years or more) in the low-permeability shale of the Martinsburg Formation located to the west of the LSC. A two-a record of specific conductance, water temperature, and discharge recorded at 30-min intervals demonstrated an approximately 3-month lag in discharge at Gray Spring. The low groundwater ages of waters from the carbonate rocks support rapid advective transport of contaminants from the LSC vicinity, yet the nearly ubiquitous occurrence of low-level concentrations of halogenated VOCs at the LSC suggests the presence of long-term persistent sources, such as seepage from the closed and sealed landfill, infiltration of VOCs that may persist locally in the epikarst, exchange with low-permeability zones in fractured rock, and upward leakage of older water that may contain elevated concentrations of halogenated VOCs from earlier land use activities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.02.021","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Sibrell, P.L., Casile, G.C., Busenberg, E., Hunt, A.G., and Schlosser, P., 2013, Tracing groundwater with low-level detections of halogenated VOCs in a fractured carbonate-rock aquifer, Leetown Science Center, West Virginia, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 33, p. 260-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.02.021.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"260","endPage":"280","ipdsId":"IP-044434","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273990,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273979,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.02.021"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","county":"Jefferson","otherGeospatial":"Leetown Science Center","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.03,39.13 ], [ -78.03,39.45 ], [ -77.71,39.45 ], [ -77.71,39.13 ], [ -78.03,39.13 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c1816ee4b0dd0e00d9221d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sibrell, Philip L. psibrell@usgs.gov","contributorId":2006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibrell","given":"Philip","email":"psibrell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casile, Gerolamo C. jcasile@usgs.gov","contributorId":4007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casile","given":"Gerolamo","email":"jcasile@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schlosser, Peter","contributorId":50936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70039999,"text":"70039999 - 2013 - Demography and movement patterns of leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) aggregating near the head of a submarine canyon along the open coast of southern California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-03T08:39:28","indexId":"70039999","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demography and movement patterns of leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) aggregating near the head of a submarine canyon along the open coast of southern California, USA","docAbstract":"The demography, spatial distribution, and movement patterns of leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) aggregating near the head of a submarine canyon in La Jolla, California, USA, were investigated to resolve the causal explanations for this and similar shark aggregations. All sharks sampled from the aggregation site (<i>n</i>=140) were sexually mature and 97.1 % were female. Aerial photographs taken during tethered balloon surveys revealed high densities of milling sharks of up to 5470 sharks ha<sup>-1</sup>. Eight sharks were each tagged with a continuous acoustic transmitter and manually tracked without interruption for up to 48 h. Sharks exhibited strong site-fidelity and were generally confined to a divergence (shadow) zone of low wave energy, which results from wave refraction over the steep bathymetric contours of the submarine canyon. Within this divergence zone, the movements of sharks were strongly localized over the seismically active Rose Canyon Fault. Tracked sharks spent most of their time in shallow water (&le;2 m for 71.0 % and &le;10 m for 95.9 % of time), with some dispersing to deeper (max: 53.9 m) and cooler (min: 12.7 &deg;C) water after sunset, subsequently returning by sunrise. These findings suggest multiple functions of this aggregation and that the mechanism controlling its formation, maintenance, and dissolution is complex and rooted in the sharks' variable response to numerous confounding environmental factors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10641-012-0083-5","usgsCitation":"Nosal, D., Cartamil, D., Long, J., Luhrmann, M., Wegner, N., and Graham, J., 2013, Demography and movement patterns of leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) aggregating near the head of a submarine canyon along the open coast of southern California, USA: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 96, no. 7, p. 865-878, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-012-0083-5.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"865","endPage":"878","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262441,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-012-0083-5","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego","otherGeospatial":"La Jolla Shores Beach","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.28,32.85 ], [ -117.28,32.88 ], [ -117.25,32.88 ], [ -117.25,32.85 ], [ -117.28,32.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"96","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50788c7fe4b0cfc2d59f5a30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nosal, D.C.","contributorId":63662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nosal","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cartamil, D.C.","contributorId":95319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartamil","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Long, J.W.","contributorId":102733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luhrmann, M.","contributorId":54059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luhrmann","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wegner, N.C.","contributorId":71045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wegner","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Graham, J.B.","contributorId":13308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70150418,"text":"70150418 - 2013 - Gradients of microhabitat and crappie (<i>Pomoxis</i> spp.) distributions in reservoir coves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T15:08:34","indexId":"70150418","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gradients of microhabitat and crappie (<i>Pomoxis</i> spp.) distributions in reservoir coves","docAbstract":"<p><span>Embayments are among the most widespread littoral habitats found in Mississippi flood-control reservoirs. These macrohabitats represent commonly used nursery zones for age-0 crappies,&nbsp;</span><i>Pomoxis</i><span>&nbsp;spp., despite barren and eroded shorelines formed over 60&ndash;70&nbsp;years of annual water level fluctuations. We tested if embayments displayed microhabitat gradients linked to the effect of water level fluctuations on riparian vegetation and if these gradients were paralleled by gradients in age-0 crappie distribution. Habitat composition changed longitudinally along the embayments with the most pronounced gradient representing a shift from nonvegetated mudflats near the mouth of embayments to herbaceous material upstream. The degree of habitat change depended on the water level. Similarly, catch rates of crappies increased upstream toward the rear of embayments, differing among water levels and reservoirs, but the longitudinal pattern persisted. Our results indicate that habitat composition gradients occur in embayments of northwest Mississippi flood-control reservoirs and that these gradients may influence a similar gradient in age-0 crappie distribution. While the biotic interactions behind the gradients may be less clear, we speculate that water level is the main factor influencing the observed gradients in habitat composition and fish. Management to benefit age-0 crappies may involve habitat improvement along embayment shorelines and water level regimes that foster growth of herbaceous plants.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2013.801798","usgsCitation":"Kaczka, L.J., and Miranda, L.E., 2013, Gradients of microhabitat and crappie (<i>Pomoxis</i> spp.) distributions in reservoir coves: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 28, no. 4, p. 561-572, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2013.801798.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"572","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044821","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2013.801798","text":"Publisher Index 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,{"id":70154813,"text":"70154813 - 2013 - Quantifiable long-term monitoring on parks and nature preserves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-13T13:36:59","indexId":"70154813","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifiable long-term monitoring on parks and nature preserves","docAbstract":"<p><span>Herpetofauna have declined globally, and monitoring is a useful approach to document local and long-term changes. However, monitoring efforts often fail to account for detectability or follow standardized protocols. We performed a case study at Hemlock Bluffs Nature Preserve in Cary, NC to model occupancy of focal species and demonstrate a replicable long-term protocol useful to parks and nature preserves. From March 2010 to 2011, we documented occupancy of&nbsp;</span><i>Ambystoma opacum</i><span>(Marbled Salamander),&nbsp;</span><i>Plethodon cinereus</i><span>&nbsp;(Red-backed Salamander),&nbsp;</span><i>Carphophis amoenus</i><span>&nbsp;(Eastern Worm Snake), and&nbsp;</span><i>Diadophis punctatus</i><span>&nbsp;(Ringneck Snake) at coverboard sites and estimated breeding female&nbsp;</span><i>Ambystoma maculatum</i><span>&nbsp;(Spotted Salamander) abundance via dependent double-observer egg-mass counts in ephemeral pools. Temperature influenced detection of both Marbled and Red-backed Salamanders. Based on egg-mass data, we estimated Spotted Salamander abundance to be between 21 and 44 breeding females. We detected 43 of 53 previously documented herpetofauna species. Our approach demonstrates a monitoring protocol that accounts for factors that influence species detection and is replicable by parks or nature preserves with limited resources.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Eagle Hill Institute","doi":"10.1656/058.012.0208","usgsCitation":"Beck, S., Moorman, C., DePerno, C.S., and Simons, T.R., 2013, Quantifiable long-term monitoring on parks and nature preserves: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 12, no. 2, p. 339-352, https://doi.org/10.1656/058.012.0208.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"352","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040772","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306660,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"Cary","otherGeospatial":"Hemlock Bluffs Nature Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": 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S.","contributorId":10327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DePerno","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simons, Theodore R. 0000-0002-1884-6229 tsimons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1884-6229","contributorId":2623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"Theodore","email":"tsimons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70148609,"text":"70148609 - 2013 - Desert fires fueled by native annual forbs: effects of fire on communities of plants and birds in the lower Sonoran Desert of Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T13:35:58","indexId":"70148609","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Desert fires fueled by native annual forbs: effects of fire on communities of plants and birds in the lower Sonoran Desert of Arizona","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 2005, fire ignited by humans swept from Yuma Proving Grounds into Kofa National Wildlife Refuge, Arizona, burning ca. 9,255 ha of Wilderness Area. Fuels were predominantly the native forb&nbsp;</span><i>Plantago ovata</i><span>. Large fires at low elevations were rare in the 19th and 20th centuries, and fires fueled by native vegetation are undocumented in the southwestern deserts. We estimated the area damaged by fire using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, which are more accurate and reduce subjectivity of aerial surveys of perimeters of fires. Assemblages of upland and xeroriparian plants lost 91 and 81% of live cover, respectively, in fires. The trees&nbsp;</span><i><i>Olneya tesota</i></i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Cercidium</i><span>&nbsp;had high amounts of top-kill. King Valley was an important xeroriparian corridor for birds. Species richness of birds decreased significantly following the fire. Numbers of breeding birds were lower in burned areas of King Valley 3 years post-fire, compared to numbers in nearby but unburned Alamo Wash. Although birds function within a large geographic scale, the extent of this burn still influenced the relative abundance of local species of breeding birds. This suggests that breeding birds respond to conditions of localized burns and slow recovery of vegetation contributes to continued lower numbers of birds in the burned sites in King Valley.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-58.2.223","usgsCitation":"Esque, T., Webb, R.H., Wallace, C., van Riper, C., McCreedy, C., and Smythe, L.A., 2013, Desert fires fueled by native annual forbs: effects of fire on communities of plants and birds in the lower Sonoran Desert of Arizona: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 58, no. 2, p. 223-233, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-58.2.223.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"233","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-013310","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302568,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"King Valley, Kofa National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.23309326171875,\n              32.909568110575655\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.23309326171875,\n              33.38329288020202\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.61236572265624,\n              33.38329288020202\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.61236572265624,\n              32.909568110575655\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.23309326171875,\n              32.909568110575655\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558e77b2e4b0b6d21dd65944","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":140024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":141216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, Cynthia S.A. cwallace@usgs.gov","contributorId":139089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Cynthia S.A.","email":"cwallace@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCreedy, Chris","contributorId":141217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCreedy","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smythe, Lindsay A.","contributorId":141218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smythe","given":"Lindsay","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70194382,"text":"70194382 - 2013 - Roost selection by western long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) in burned and unburned piñon–juniper woodlands of southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T14:05:11","indexId":"70194382","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Roost selection by western long-eared myotis (<i>Myotis evotis</i>) in burned and unburned piñon–juniper woodlands of southwestern Colorado","title":"Roost selection by western long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) in burned and unburned piñon–juniper woodlands of southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>All 16 species of bats known to occur in western Colorado are found at Mesa Verde National Park (MVNP) in the southwestern United States. Since 1996, wildfires have burned more than 70% of MVNP (&gt; 15,000 ha), potentially altering food and roosting resources for bats. During the summers of 2006–2007, we investigated roost use by reproductive female western long-eared myotis (</span><i>Myotis evotis</i><span>). We located 33 bat roosts in rock crevices and 1 in a juniper snag. All but 2 of the roosts were in unburned habitat. Bats roosted alone or in small groups (≤3 individuals) and switched roosts frequently (1–7 roosts per bat, median = 1.5 roosts per bat,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>SE</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.5 roosts per bat). We compared occupied roosts with randomly selected unoccupied crevices and used an information theoretic approach to determine which variables were most important in determining roost use at microhabitat and landscape scales. At the microhabitat scale, maternity roosts were higher above the ground and deeper than random, unoccupied rock crevices. At the landscape scale, roosts were closer to water and farther from burned habitat than random crevices, providing reproductive female<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>M. evotis</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>with the best opportunities to drink and forage for insects. Tree roosts are apparently not a vital resource for reproductive female<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>M. evotis</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>during the summer months at our study site, presumably because of the extensive availability of rock crevices. Understanding site-specific roosting behavior is important for proper management of bat populations because differences can exist between geographic regions, even among areas with similar plant communities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1644/11-MAMM-A-153.1","usgsCitation":"Snider, E.A., Cryan, P.M., and Wilson, K.R., 2013, Roost selection by western long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) in burned and unburned piñon–juniper woodlands of southwestern Colorado: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 94, no. 3, p. 640-649, https://doi.org/10.1644/11-MAMM-A-153.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"640","endPage":"649","ipdsId":"IP-029605","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/11-mamm-a-153.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349373,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","volume":"94","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6102dde4b06e28e9c25490","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snider, E. Apple","contributorId":7554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snider","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Apple","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894 cryanp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":2356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul","email":"cryanp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Kenneth R.","contributorId":29255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70182172,"text":"70182172 - 2013 - Emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from a headwater stream network of interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-20T12:00:32","indexId":"70182172","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from a headwater stream network of interior Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Boreal ecosystems store significant quantities of organic carbon (C) that may be vulnerable to degradation as a result of a warming climate. Despite their limited coverage on the landscape, streams play a significant role in the processing, gaseous emission, and downstream export of C, and small streams are thought to be particularly important because of their close connection with the surrounding landscape. However, ecosystem carbon studies do not commonly incorporate the role of the aquatic conduit. We measured carbon dioxide (CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>) and methane (CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>) concentrations and emissions in a headwater stream network of interior Alaska underlain by permafrost to assess the potential role of stream gas emissions in the regional carbon balance. First-order streams exhibited the greatest variability in fluxes of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> and CH</span><sub>4,</sub><span>and the greatest mean </span><i>p</i><span>CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. High-resolution time series of stream </span><i>p</i><span>CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> and discharge at two locations on one first-order stream showed opposing </span><i>p</i><span>CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> responses to storm events, indicating the importance of hydrologic flowpaths connecting CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>-rich soils with surface waters. Repeated longitudinal surveys on the stream showed consistent areas of elevated </span><i>p</i><span>CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> and </span><i>p</i><span>CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>, indicative of discrete hydrologic flowpaths delivering soil water and groundwater having varying chemistry. Up-scaled basin estimates of stream gas emissions suggest that streams may contribute significantly to catchment-wide CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> emissions. Overall, our results indicate that while stream-specific gas emission rates are disproportionately high relative to the terrestrial landscape, both stream surface area and catchment normalized emission rates were lower than those documented for the Yukon River Basin as a whole. This may be due to limitations of C sources and/or C transport to surface waters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/jgrg.20034","usgsCitation":"Crawford, J.T., Striegl, R.G., Wickland, K.P., Dornblaser, M.M., and Stanley, E.H., 2013, Emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from a headwater stream network of interior Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 118, no. 2, p. 482-494, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrg.20034.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"482","endPage":"494","ipdsId":"IP-038788","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrg.20034","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335837,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e31e4b0ce4410e7d608","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crawford, John T. 0000-0003-4440-6945 jtcrawford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4440-6945","contributorId":4081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"John","email":"jtcrawford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":669868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wickland, Kimberly P. 0000-0002-6400-0590 kpwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":1835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"Kimberly","email":"kpwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dornblaser, Mark M. 0000-0002-6298-3757 mmdornbl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-3757","contributorId":1636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"Mark","email":"mmdornbl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stanley, Emily H.","contributorId":55725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanley","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12951,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70189576,"text":"70189576 - 2013 - Controls on dissolved organic carbon quantity and chemical character in temperate rivers of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-17T16:44:01","indexId":"70189576","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on dissolved organic carbon quantity and chemical character in temperate rivers of North America","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding the processes controlling the transfer and chemical composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in freshwater systems is crucial to understanding the carbon cycle and the effects of DOC on water quality. Previous studies have identified watershed-scale controls on bulk DOC flux and concentration among small basins but fewer studies have explored controls among large basins or simultaneously considered the chemical composition of DOC. Because the chemical character of DOC drives riverine biogeochemical processes such as metabolism and photodegradation, accounting for chemical character in watershed-scale studies will improve the way bulk DOC variability in rivers is interpreted. We analyzed DOC quantity and chemical character near the mouths of 17 large North American rivers, primarily between 2008 and 2010, and identified watershed characteristics that controlled variability. We quantified DOC chemical character using both specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA</span><sub>254</sub><span>) and XAD-resin fractionation. Mean DOC concentration ranged from 2.1 to 47 mg C L</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and mean SUVA</span><sub>254</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>ranged from 1.3 to 4.7 L mg C</span><sup>−1</sup><span> m</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. We found a significant positive correlation between basin wetland cover and both bulk DOC concentration (</span><i>R</i><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.78;<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>p</i><span> &lt; 0.0001) and SUVA</span><sub>254</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(</span><i>R</i><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.91;<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>p</i><span> &lt; 0.0001), while other land use characteristics were not correlated. The strong wetland relationship with bulk DOC concentration is similar to that found by others in small headwater catchments. However, two watersheds with extremely long surface water residence times, the Colorado and St. Lawrence, diverged from this wetland relationship. These results suggest that the role of riverine processes in altering the terrestrial DOC signal at the annual scale was minimal except in river systems with long surface water residence times. However, synoptic DOC sampling of both quantity and character throughout river networks will be needed to more rigorously test this finding. The inclusion of DOC chemical character will be vital to achieving a more complete understanding of bulk DOC dynamics in large river systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/gbc.20044","usgsCitation":"Hanley, K.W., Wollheim, W.M., Salisbury, J., Huntington, T.G., and Aiken, G.R., 2013, Controls on dissolved organic carbon quantity and chemical character in temperate rivers of North America: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 27, no. 2, p. 492-504, https://doi.org/10.1002/gbc.20044.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"492","endPage":"504","ipdsId":"IP-036935","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gbc.20044","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596dcca5e4b0d1f9f062756f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanley, Kevin W.","contributorId":194766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanley","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wollheim, Wilfred M.","contributorId":139742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wollheim","given":"Wilfred","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18105,"text":"University of New Hampshire, Durham","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Salisbury, Joseph","contributorId":171870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salisbury","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12667,"text":"University of New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70178334,"text":"70178334 - 2013 - Temporal variability of exchange between groundwater and surface water based on high-frequency direct measurements of seepage at the sediment-water interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-04T13:11:27.570595","indexId":"70178334","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variability of exchange between groundwater and surface water based on high-frequency direct measurements of seepage at the sediment-water interface","docAbstract":"Seepage at the sediment-water interface in several lakes, a large river, and an estuary exhibits substantial temporal variability when measured with temporal resolution of 1 min or less. Already substantial seepage rates changed by 7% and 16% in response to relatively small rain events at two lakes in the northeastern USA, but did not change in response to two larger rain events at a lake in Minnesota. However, seepage at that same Minnesota lake changed by 10% each day in response to withdrawals from evapotranspiration. Seepage increased by more than an order of magnitude when a seiche occurred in the Great Salt Lake, Utah. Near the head of a fjord in Puget Sound, Washington, seepage in the intertidal zone varied greatly from −115 to +217 cm d−1 in response to advancing and retreating tides when the time-averaged seepage was upward at +43 cm d−1. At all locations, seepage variability increased by one to several orders of magnitude in response to wind and associated waves. Net seepage remained unchanged by wind unless wind also induced a lake seiche. These examples from sites distributed across a broad geographic region indicate that temporal variability in seepage in response to common hydrological events is much larger than previously realized. At most locations, seepage responded within minutes to changes in surface-water stage and within minutes to hours to groundwater recharge associated with rainfall. Likely implications of this dynamism include effects on water residence time, geochemical transformations, and ecological conditions at and near the sediment-water interface.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/wrcr.20198","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D.O., Sheibley, R.W., Cox, S.E., Simonds, F.W., and Naftz, D.L., 2013, Temporal variability of exchange between groundwater and surface water based on high-frequency direct measurements of seepage at the sediment-water interface: Water Resources Research, v. 49, no. 5, p. 2975-2986, https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20198.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2975","endPage":"2986","ipdsId":"IP-043964","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20198","text":"Publisher Index 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  }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5826b95de4b01fad86eb905c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheibley, Rich W. 0000-0003-1627-8536 sheibley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-8536","contributorId":3044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheibley","given":"Rich","email":"sheibley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, Stephen E. 0000-0001-6614-8225 secox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6614-8225","contributorId":1642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Stephen","email":"secox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simonds, Frederic W. wsimonds@usgs.gov","contributorId":1768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonds","given":"Frederic","email":"wsimonds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":653627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Naftz, David L. 0000-0003-1130-6892 dlnaftz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-6892","contributorId":1041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"David","email":"dlnaftz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70188806,"text":"70188806 - 2013 - Tectonic setting of the pebble and other copper-gold-molybdenum porphyry deposits within the evolving middle cretaceous continental margin of Northwestern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-20T12:00:05.356788","indexId":"70188806","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic setting of the pebble and other copper-gold-molybdenum porphyry deposits within the evolving middle cretaceous continental margin of Northwestern North America","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p-1\">The Pebble Cu-Au-Mo deposit in southwestern Alaska, containing the largest gold resource of any known porphyry in the world, developed in a tectonic setting significantly different from that of the present-day. It is one of a series of metalliferous middle Cretaceous porphyritic granodiorite, quartz monzonite, and diorite bodies, evolved from lower crust and metasomatized lithospheric mantle melts, which formed along much of the length of the North American craton suture with the Peninsular-Alexander-Wrangellia arc. The porphyry deposits were emplaced within the northernmost two of a series of ca. 130 to 80 Ma flysch basins that define the suture, as well as into arc rocks immediately seaward of the two basins. Deposits include the ca. 100 to 90 Ma Pebble, Neacola, and other porphyry prospects along the Kahiltna basin-Peninsula terrane boundary, and the ca. 115 to 105 Ma Baultoff, Carl Creek, Horsfeld, Orange Hill, Bond Creek, and Chisna porphyries along the Nutzotin basin-Wrangellia terrane boundary.</p><p id=\"p-2\">The porphyry deposits probably formed along the craton margin more than 1,000 km to the south of their present latitude. Palinspastic reconstructions of plate kinematics from this period are particularly difficult because magmatism overlaps the 119 to 83 Ma Cretaceous Normal Superchron, a period when sea-floor magnetic data are lacking. Our favored scenario is that ore formation broadly overlaps the cessation of sedimentation and contraction and the transition to a transpressional continental margin regime, such that the remnant ocean basins were converted to strike-slip basins. The basins and outboard Peninsular-Alexander-Wrangellia composite superterrane, which are all located seaward of the deep crustal Denali-Farewell fault system, were subjected to northerly dextral transpression for as long as perhaps 50 m.y., beginning at ca. 95 ± 10 Ma. The onset of this transpression was marked by development of the mineralized bodies along fault segments on the seaward side of the basins.</p><p id=\"p-3\">Geochemical and radiogenic isotopic data for igneous rocks associated with the Pebble porphyry deposit suggest continuous melt derivation from enriched lithosphere of a recently metasomatized mantle. These geochemical characteristics, coupled with the arc-continent-related collisional setting, suggest that lithospheric thickening and postcollisional lithospheric melting are the most likely cause of the ore-related magmatism. Subsequent to translation of the Alaskan margin terranes and early Tertiary oroclinal bending of Alaska, the northernmost Kahiltna basin and the Pebble deposit, as well as the other porphyry systems, reached their present-day locations along southern Alaska.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.108.3.405","usgsCitation":"Goldfarb, R.J., Anderson, E., and Hart, C., 2013, Tectonic setting of the pebble and other copper-gold-molybdenum porphyry deposits within the evolving middle cretaceous continental margin of Northwestern North America: Economic Geology, v. 108, no. 3, p. 405-419, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.108.3.405.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"405","endPage":"419","ipdsId":"IP-036827","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342889,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Yukon","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -160.048828125,\n              54.265224078605684\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.048828125,\n              50.84757295365389\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.90234375,\n              51.069016659603896\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.25390625,\n              64.47279382008166\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.576171875,\n              64.54844014422517\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.048828125,\n              54.265224078605684\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"108","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59521d29e4b062508e3c36dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":700450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Eric D. 0000-0002-0138-6166 ericanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-6166","contributorId":172766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Eric","email":"ericanderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, Craig J.","contributorId":193430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Craig J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70046206,"text":"sir20135090 - 2013 - Computed statistics at streamgages, and methods for estimating low-flow frequency statistics and development of regional regression equations for estimating low-flow frequency statistics at ungaged locations in Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-30T21:49:14","indexId":"sir20135090","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5090","title":"Computed statistics at streamgages, and methods for estimating low-flow frequency statistics and development of regional regression equations for estimating low-flow frequency statistics at ungaged locations in Missouri","docAbstract":"The weather and precipitation patterns in Missouri vary considerably from year to year. In 2008, the statewide average rainfall was 57.34 inches and in 2012, the statewide average rainfall was 30.64 inches. This variability in precipitation and resulting streamflow in Missouri underlies the necessity for water managers and users to have reliable streamflow statistics and a means to compute select statistics at ungaged locations for a better understanding of water availability. Knowledge of surface-water availability is dependent on the streamflow data that have been collected and analyzed by the U.S. Geological Survey for more than 100 years at approximately 350 streamgages throughout Missouri. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, computed streamflow statistics at streamgages through the 2010 water year, defined periods of drought and defined methods to estimate streamflow statistics at ungaged locations, and developed regional regression equations to compute selected streamflow statistics at ungaged locations.\n\nStreamflow statistics and flow durations were computed for 532 streamgages in Missouri and in neighboring States of Missouri. For streamgages with more than 10 years of record, Kendall’s tau was computed to evaluate for trends in streamflow data. If trends were detected, the variable length method was used to define the period of no trend. Water years were removed from the dataset from the beginning of the record for a streamgage until no trend was detected. Low-flow frequency statistics were then computed for the entire period of record and for the period of no trend if 10 or more years of record were available for each analysis.\n\nThree methods are presented for computing selected streamflow statistics at ungaged locations. The first method uses power curve equations developed for 28 selected streams in Missouri and neighboring States that have multiple streamgages on the same streams. Statistical estimates on one of these streams can be calculated at an ungaged location that has a drainage area that is between 40 percent of the drainage area of the farthest upstream streamgage and within 150 percent of the drainage area of the farthest downstream streamgage along the stream of interest. The second method may be used on any stream with a streamgage that has operated for 10 years or longer and for which anthropogenic effects have not changed the low-flow characteristics at the ungaged location since collection of the streamflow data. A ratio of drainage area of the stream at the ungaged location to the drainage area of the stream at the streamgage was computed to estimate the statistic at the ungaged location. The range of applicability is between 40- and 150-percent of the drainage area of the streamgage, and the ungaged location must be located on the same stream as the streamgage. The third method uses regional regression equations to estimate selected low-flow frequency statistics for unregulated streams in Missouri. This report presents regression equations to estimate frequency statistics for the 10-year recurrence interval and for the N-day durations of 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 30, and 60 days.\n\nBasin and climatic characteristics were computed using geographic information system software and digital geospatial data. A total of 35 characteristics were computed for use in preliminary statewide and regional regression analyses based on existing digital geospatial data and previous studies. Spatial analyses for geographical bias in the predictive accuracy of the regional regression equations defined three low-flow regions with the State representing the three major physiographic provinces in Missouri. Region 1 includes the Central Lowlands, Region 2 includes the Ozark Plateaus, and Region 3 includes the Mississippi Alluvial Plain. A total of 207 streamgages were used in the regression analyses for the regional equations. Of the 207 U.S. Geological Survey streamgages, 77 were located in Region 1, 120 were located in Region 2, and 10 were located in Region 3. Streamgages located outside of Missouri were selected to extend the range of data used for the independent variables in the regression analyses. Streamgages included in the regression analyses had 10 or more years of record and were considered to be affected minimally by anthropogenic activities or trends. Regional regression analyses identified three characteristics as statistically significant for the development of regional equations. For Region 1, drainage area, longest flow path, and streamflow-variability index were statistically significant. The range in the standard error of estimate for Region 1 is 79.6 to 94.2 percent. For Region 2, drainage area and streamflow variability index were statistically significant, and the range in the standard error of estimate is 48.2 to 72.1 percent. For Region 3, drainage area and streamflow-variability index also were statistically significant with a range in the standard error of estimate of 48.1 to 96.2 percent.\n\nLimitations on the use of estimating low-flow frequency statistics at ungaged locations are dependent on the method used. The first method outlined for use in Missouri, power curve equations, were developed to estimate the selected statistics for ungaged locations on 28 selected streams with multiple streamgages located on the same stream. A second method uses a drainage-area ratio to compute statistics at an ungaged location using data from a single streamgage on the same stream with 10 or more years of record. Ungaged locations on these streams may use the ratio of the drainage area at an ungaged location to the drainage area at a streamgage location to scale the selected statistic value from the streamgage location to the ungaged location. This method can be used if the drainage area of the ungaged location is within 40 to 150 percent of the streamgage drainage area. The third method is the use of the regional regression equations. The limits for the use of these equations are based on the ranges of the characteristics used as independent variables and that streams must be affected minimally by anthropogenic activities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135090","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Southard, R.E., 2013, Computed statistics at streamgages, and methods for estimating low-flow frequency statistics and development of regional regression equations for estimating low-flow frequency statistics at ungaged locations in Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5090, vii, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135090.","productDescription":"vii, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"40","ipdsId":"IP-042887","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273040,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135090.gif"},{"id":273039,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5090/downloads/"},{"id":273037,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5090/"},{"id":273038,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5090/sir13-5090.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.77,36.0 ], [ -95.77,40.61 ], [ -89.1,40.61 ], [ -89.1,36.0 ], [ -95.77,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a866cfe4b082d85d5ed86b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Southard, Rodney E. 0000-0001-8024-9698 southard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-9698","contributorId":3880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southard","given":"Rodney","email":"southard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046201,"text":"sir20135115 - 2013 - Recharge sources and residence times of groundwater as determined by geochemical tracers in the Mayfield Area, southwestern Idaho, 2011–12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-30T15:09:50","indexId":"sir20135115","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5115","title":"Recharge sources and residence times of groundwater as determined by geochemical tracers in the Mayfield Area, southwestern Idaho, 2011–12","docAbstract":"Parties proposing residential development in the area of Mayfield, Idaho are seeking a sustainable groundwater supply. During 2011–12, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources, used geochemical tracers in the Mayfield area to evaluate sources of aquifer recharge and differences in groundwater residence time. Fourteen groundwater wells and one surface-water site were sampled for major ion chemistry, metals, stable isotopes, and age tracers; data collected from this study were used to evaluate the sources of groundwater recharge and groundwater residence times in the area.  Major ion chemistry varied along a flow path between deeper wells, suggesting an upgradient source of dilute water, and a downgradient source of more concentrated water with the geochemical signature of the Idaho Batholith. Samples from shallow wells had elevated nutrient concentrations, a more positive oxygen-18 signature, and younger carbon-14 dates than deep wells, suggesting that recharge comes from young precipitation and surface-water infiltration. Samples from deep wells generally had higher concentrations of metals typical of geothermal waters, a more negative oxygen-18 signature, and older carbon-14 values than samples from shallow wells, suggesting that recharge comes from both infiltration of meteoric water and another source. The chemistry of groundwater sampled from deep wells is somewhat similar to the chemistry in geothermal waters, suggesting that geothermal water may be a source of recharge to this aquifer. Results of NETPATH mixing models suggest that geothermal water composes 1–23 percent of water in deep wells. Chlorofluorocarbons were detected in every sample, which indicates that all groundwater samples contain at least a component of young recharge, and that groundwater is derived from multiple recharge sources. Conclusions from this study can be used to further refine conceptual hydrological models of the area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135115","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Hopkins, C.B., 2013, Recharge sources and residence times of groundwater as determined by geochemical tracers in the Mayfield Area, southwestern Idaho, 2011–12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5115, vi, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135115.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135115.jpg"},{"id":273031,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5115/pdf/sir20135115.pdf"},{"id":273030,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5115/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Mayfield Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.50,43.15 ], [ -116.50,43.30 ], [ -115,43.30 ], [ -115,43.15 ], [ -116.50,43.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a866d9e4b082d85d5ed87b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hopkins, Candice B. 0000-0003-3207-7267 chopkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3207-7267","contributorId":1379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"Candice","email":"chopkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046188,"text":"sir20135011 - 2013 - Estimation of volume and mass and of changes in volume and mass of selected chat piles in the Picher mining district, Ottawa County, Oklahoma, 2005-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-30T10:19:23","indexId":"sir20135011","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5011","title":"Estimation of volume and mass and of changes in volume and mass of selected chat piles in the Picher mining district, Ottawa County, Oklahoma, 2005-10","docAbstract":"From the 1890s through the 1970s the Picher mining district in northeastern Ottawa County, Oklahoma, was the site of mining and processing of lead and zinc ore. When mining ceased in about 1979, as much as 165–300 million tons of mine tailings, locally referred to as “chat,” remained in the Picher mining district. Since 1979, some chat piles have been mined for aggregate materials and have decreased in volume and mass. Currently (2013), the land surface in the Picher mining district is covered by thousands of acres of chat, much of which remains on Indian trust land owned by allottees. The Bureau of Indian Affairs manages these allotted lands and oversees the sale and removal of chat from these properties. To help the Bureau of Indian Affairs better manage the sale and removal of chat, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs, estimated the 2005 and 2010 volumes and masses of selected chat piles remaining on allotted lands in the Picher mining district. The U.S. Geological Survey also estimated the changes in volume and mass of these chat piles for the period 2005 through 2010.\n\nThe 2005 and 2010 chat-pile volume and mass estimates were computed for 34 selected chat piles on 16 properties in the study area. All computations of volume and mass were performed on individual chat piles and on groups of chat piles in the same property. The Sooner property had the greatest estimated volume (4.644 million cubic yards) and mass (5.253 ± 0.473 million tons) of chat in 2010. Five of the selected properties (Sooner, Western, Lawyers, Skelton, and St. Joe) contained estimated chat volumes exceeding 1 million cubic yards and estimated chat masses exceeding 1 million tons in 2010. Four of the selected properties (Lucky Bill Humbah, Ta Mee Heh, Bird Dog, and St. Louis No. 6) contained estimated chat volumes of less than 0.1 million cubic yards and estimated chat masses of less than 0.1 million tons in 2010. The total volume of all selected chat piles was estimated to be 18.073 million cubic yards in 2005 and 16.171 million cubic yards in 2010. The total mass of all selected chat piles was estimated to be 20.445 ± 1.840 million tons in 2005 and 18.294 ± 1.646 million tons in 2010.\n\nAll of the selected chat piles decreased in volume and mass for the period 2005 through 2010. Chat piles CP022 (Ottawa property) and CP013 (Sooner property) had some within-property chat-pile redistribution, with both chat piles having net decreases in volume and mass for the period 2005 through 2010. The Sooner property and the St. Joe property had the greatest volume (and mass) changes, with 1.266 million cubic yards and 0.217 million cubic yards (1.432 ± 0.129 million tons and 0.246 ± 0.022 million tons) of chat being removed, respectively. The chat removed from the Sooner and St. Joe properties accounts for about 78 percent of the chat removed from all selected chat piles and properties. The total volume and mass removed from all selected chat piles for the period 2005 through 2010 were estimated to be 1.902 million cubic yards and 2.151 ± 0.194 million tons, respectively.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.J., 2013, Estimation of volume and mass and of changes in volume and mass of selected chat piles in the Picher mining district, Ottawa County, Oklahoma, 2005-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5011, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135011.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273009,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135011.gif"},{"id":273007,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5011/"},{"id":273008,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5011/sir2013-5011.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Ottawa County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.0,36.6693 ], [ -95.0,37.0 ], [ -94.6175,37.0 ], [ -94.6175,36.6693 ], [ -95.0,36.6693 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a866d7e4b082d85d5ed86f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, S. Jerrod 0000-0002-9379-8167 sjsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-8167","contributorId":981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"sjsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jerrod","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045238,"text":"70045238 - 2013 - Geospace environment modeling 2008--2009 challenge: D<sub>st</sub> index","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-30T10:59:24","indexId":"70045238","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3456,"text":"Space Weather","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geospace environment modeling 2008--2009 challenge: D<sub>st</sub> index","docAbstract":"This paper reports the metrics-based results of the D<sub>st</sub> index part of the 2008–2009 GEM Metrics Challenge. The 2008–2009 GEM Metrics Challenge asked modelers to submit results for four geomagnetic storm events and five different types of observations that can be modeled by statistical, climatological or physics-based models of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. We present the results of 30 model settings that were run at the Community Coordinated Modeling Center and at the institutions of various modelers for these events. To measure the performance of each of the models against the observations, we use comparisons of 1 hour averaged model data with the D<sub>st</sub> index issued by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto, Japan, and direct comparison of 1 minute model data with the 1 minute D<sub>st</sub> index calculated by the United States Geological Survey. The latter index can be used to calculate spectral variability of model outputs in comparison to the index. We find that model rankings vary widely by skill score used. None of the models consistently perform best for all events. We find that empirical models perform well in general. Magnetohydrodynamics-based models of the global magnetosphere with inner magnetosphere physics (ring current model) included and stand-alone ring current models with properly defined boundary conditions perform well and are able to match or surpass results from empirical models. Unlike in similar studies, the statistical models used in this study found their challenge in the weakest events rather than the strongest events.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Space Weather","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/swe.20036","usgsCitation":"Rastatter, L., Kuznetsova, M., Glocer, A., Welling, D., Meng, X., Raeder, J., Wittberger, M., Jordanova, V., Yu, Y., Zaharia, S., Weigel, R., Sazykin, S., Boynton, R., Wei, H., Eccles, V., Horton, W., Mays, M., and Gannon, J., 2013, Geospace environment modeling 2008--2009 challenge: D<sub>st</sub> index: Space Weather, v. 11, no. 4, p. 187-205, https://doi.org/10.1002/swe.20036.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"205","ipdsId":"IP-044644","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/swe.20036","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273010,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/swe.20036"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a866d7e4b082d85d5ed873","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rastatter, L.","contributorId":55317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rastatter","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuznetsova, M.M.","contributorId":54495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuznetsova","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glocer, A.","contributorId":96180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glocer","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welling, D.","contributorId":96990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welling","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meng, X.","contributorId":56962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meng","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Raeder, J.","contributorId":15919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raeder","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wittberger, M.","contributorId":105204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittberger","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jordanova, V.K.","contributorId":63704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordanova","given":"V.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Yu, Y.","contributorId":31292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Zaharia, S.","contributorId":31663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaharia","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Weigel, R.S.","contributorId":34809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weigel","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sazykin, S.","contributorId":28512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sazykin","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Boynton, R.","contributorId":13887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boynton","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Wei, H.","contributorId":18255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Eccles, V.","contributorId":70678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eccles","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Horton, W.","contributorId":44448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Mays, M.L.","contributorId":10705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mays","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Gannon, J.","contributorId":52869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannon","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}}
,{"id":70046204,"text":"70046204 - 2013 - Microbial community responses to 17 years of altered precipitation are seasonally dependent and coupled to co-varying effects of water content on vegetation and soil C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-30T22:17:51","indexId":"70046204","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3416,"text":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial community responses to 17 years of altered precipitation are seasonally dependent and coupled to co-varying effects of water content on vegetation and soil C","docAbstract":"Precipitation amount and seasonal timing determine the duration and distribution of water available for plant and microbial activity in the cold desert sagebrush steppe. In this study, we sought to determine if a sustained shift in the amount and timing of precipitation would affect soil microbial diversity, community composition, and soil carbon (C) storage. Field plots were irrigated (+200 mm) during the dormant or growing-season for 17 years. Microbial community responses were assessed over the course of a year at two depths (15–20 cm, 95–100 cm) by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), along with co-occurring changes in plant cover and edaphic properties. Bacterial richness, Shannon Weaver diversity, and composition in shallow soils (15–20 cm) as well as evenness in deep soils (95–100 cm) differed across irrigation treatments during July. Irrigation timing affected fungal community diversity and community composition during the dormant season and most strongly in deep soils (95–100 cm). Dormant-season irrigation increased the ratio of shrubs to forbs and reduced soil C in shallow soils by 16% relative to ambient conditions. It is unclear whether or not soil C will continue to decline with continued treatment application or if microbial adaptation could mitigate sustained soil C losses. Future changes in precipitation timing will affect soil microbes in a seasonally dependent manner and be coupled to co-varying effects of water content on vegetation and soil C.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.04.014","usgsCitation":"Sorensen, P.O., Germino, M., and Feris, K.P., 2013, Microbial community responses to 17 years of altered precipitation are seasonally dependent and coupled to co-varying effects of water content on vegetation and soil C: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 64, p. 155-163, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.04.014.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"163","ipdsId":"IP-044329","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273042,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273041,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.04.014"}],"volume":"64","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a866d9e4b082d85d5ed877","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorensen, Patrick O.","contributorId":55719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorensen","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J.","contributorId":50029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feris, Kevin P.","contributorId":51188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feris","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046174,"text":"70046174 - 2013 - Comparing effects of transmitters within and among populations: application to swimming performance of juvenile Chinook salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-29T21:33:36","indexId":"70046174","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing effects of transmitters within and among populations: application to swimming performance of juvenile Chinook salmon","docAbstract":"The sensitivity of fish to a transmitter depends on factors such as environmental conditions, fish morphology, life stage, rearing history, and tag design. However, synthesizing general trends across studies is difficult because each study focuses on a particular performance measure, species, life stage, and transmitter model. These differences motivated us to develop simple metrics that allow effects of transmitters to be compared among different species, populations, or studies. First, we describe how multiple regression analysis can be used to quantify the effect of tag burden (transmitter mass relative to fish mass) on measures of physiological performance. Next, we illustrate how the slope and intercept parameters can be used to calculate two summary statistics: θ, which estimates the tag burden threshold above which the performance of tagged fish begins to decline relative to untagged fish; and k, which measures the percentage change in performance per percentage point increase in tag burden. When θ = 0, k provides a single measure of the tag's effect that can be compared among species, populations, or studies. We apply this analysis to two different experiments that measure the critical swimming speed (U crit) of tagged juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. In both experiments, U crit declined as tag burden increased, but we found no significant threshold in swimming performance. Estimates of θ ranged from −0.6% to 2.1% among six unique treatment groups, indicating that swimming performance began to decline at a relatively low tag burden. Estimates of k revealed that U crit of tagged fish declined by −2.68% to −4.86% for each 1% increase in tag burden. Both θ and k varied with the tag's antenna configuration, tag implantation method, and posttagging recovery time. Our analytical approach can be used to gain insights across populations to better understand factors affecting the ability of fish to carry a transmitter.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2013.788556","usgsCitation":"Perry, R.W., Plumb, J.M., Fielding, S.D., Adams, N.S., and Rondorf, D.W., 2013, Comparing effects of transmitters within and among populations: application to swimming performance of juvenile Chinook salmon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 142, no. 4, p. 901-911, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2013.788556.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"901","endPage":"911","ipdsId":"IP-014677","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272992,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272991,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2013.788556"}],"volume":"142","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a71564e4b09db86f875c63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plumb, John M. 0000-0003-4255-1612 jplumb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-1612","contributorId":3569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"John","email":"jplumb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fielding, Scott D.","contributorId":41115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fielding","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rondorf, Dennis W. drondorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"Dennis","email":"drondorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70043236,"text":"70043236 - 2013 - Geochronologic evidence for a possible MIS-11 emergent barrier/beach-ridge in southeastern Georgia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-29T10:29:19","indexId":"70043236","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochronologic evidence for a possible MIS-11 emergent barrier/beach-ridge in southeastern Georgia, USA","docAbstract":"Predominantly clastic, off-lapping, transgressive, near-shore marine sediment packages that are morphologically expressed as subparallel NE-trending barriers, beach ridges, and associated back-barrier areas, characterize the near-surface stratigraphic section between the Savannah and the Ogeechee Rivers in Effingham County, southeastern Georgia. Each barrier/back-barrier (shoreline) complex is lower than and cut into a higher/older complex. Each barrier or shoreline complex overlies Miocene strata. No direct age data are available for these deposits. Previous researchers have disagreed on their age and provenance. Using luminescence and meteoric beryllium-10 (<sup>10</sup>Be) inventory analyses, we estimated a minimum age for the largest, westernmost, morphologically identifiable, and topographically-highest, barrier/beach-ridge (the Wicomico shoreline barrier) and constrained the age of a suite of younger barrier/beach-ridges that lie adjacent and seaward of the Wicomico shoreline barrier.\n\nAt the study site, the near-shore marine/estuarine deposits underlying the Wicomico shoreline barrier are overlain by eolian sand and an intervening zone-of-mixing. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) data indicate ages of ≤43 ka for the eolian sand and 116 ka for the zone-of-mixing. Meteoric 10Be and pedostratigraphic data indicate minimum residence times of 33.4 ka for the eolian sand, 80.6 ka for the zone-of-mixing, and 247 ka for the paleosol. The combined OSL and 10Be age data indicate that, at this locality, the barrier/beach ridge has a minimum age of about 360 ka. This age for the Wicomico shoreline-barrier deposit is the first for any Pleistocene near-shore marine/estuarine deposit in southeast Georgia that is conclusively older than 80 ka. The 360-ka minimum age is in agreement with other geochronologic data for near-coastline deposits in Georgia and South Carolina. The geomorphic position of this barrier/beach-ridge is similar to deposits in South Carolina considered to be ~450 ka to >1 Ma. The age and geomorphic data for Georgia and South Carolina possibly suggest the presence of MIS-11 (~420−360 ka) shoreline deposits between 15 m and 28 m above present sea level in the Southeastern Atlantic Coastal Plain.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.10.041","usgsCitation":"Markewich, H.W., Pavich, M., Schultz, A., Mahan, S., Aleman-Gonzalez, W., and Bierman, P., 2013, Geochronologic evidence for a possible MIS-11 emergent barrier/beach-ridge in southeastern Georgia, USA: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 60, p. 49-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.10.041.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"75","ipdsId":"IP-038366","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272942,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.10.041"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.6052,30.3556 ], [ -85.6052,35.0 ], [ -80.8408,35.0 ], [ -80.8408,30.3556 ], [ -85.6052,30.3556 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"60","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a71566e4b09db86f875c7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markewich, H. W.","contributorId":31426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markewich","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavich, M.J.","contributorId":70788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schultz, A. P.","contributorId":106139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"A. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mahan, S. A. 0000-0001-5214-7774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":94333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aleman-Gonzalez, W. 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,{"id":70046153,"text":"sir20135087 - 2013 - Hydrographic surveys of the Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers at selected bridges and through Bismarck, North Dakota, during the 2011 flood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-29T11:29:18","indexId":"sir20135087","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5087","title":"Hydrographic surveys of the Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers at selected bridges and through Bismarck, North Dakota, during the 2011 flood","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Transportation and the North Dakota State Water Commission, completed hydrographic surveys at six Missouri River bridges and one Yellowstone River bridge during the 2011 flood of the Missouri River system. Bridges surveyed are located near the cities of Cartwright, Buford, Williston, Washburn, and Bismarck, N. Dak. The river in the vicinity of the bridges and the channel through the city of Bismarck, N. Dak., were surveyed. The hydrographic surveys were conducted using a high-resolution multibeam echosounder (MBES), the RESON SeaBat<sup>TM</sup> 7125, during June 6–9 and June 28–July 9, 2011. The surveyed area at each bridge site extended 820 feet upstream from the bridge to 820 feet downstream from the bridge. The surveyed reach through Bismarck consisted of 18 miles of the main channel wherever depth was sufficient. Results from these emergency surveys aided the North Dakota Department of Transportation in evaluating the structural integrity of the bridges during high-flow conditions. In addition, the sustained high flows made feasible the surveying of a large section of the normally shallow channel with the MBES.\n\nIn general, results from sequential bridge surveys showed that as discharge increased between the first and second surveys at a given site, there was a general trend of channel scour. Locally, complex responses of scour in some areas and deposition in other areas of the channel were identified. Similarly, scour around bridge piers also showed complex responses to the increase in flow between the two surveys. Results for the survey area of the river channel through Bismarck show that, in general, scour occurred around river structures or where the river has tight bends and channel narrowing. The data collected during the surveys are provided electronically in two different file formats: comma delimited text and CARIS Spatial Archive<sup>TM</sup> (CSAR<sup>TM</sup>) format.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135087","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Transportation and the North Dakota State Water Commission","usgsCitation":"Densmore, B.K., Strauch, K.R., and Dietsch, B.J., 2013, Hydrographic surveys of the Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers at selected bridges and through Bismarck, North Dakota, during the 2011 flood: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5087, vi, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135087.","productDescription":"vi, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"70","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-06-06","temporalEnd":"2011-07-09","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135087.gif"},{"id":272950,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5087/"},{"id":272952,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5087/Data/"},{"id":272951,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5087/sir2013-5087.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","city":"Bismarck","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.845596,46.751104 ], [ -100.845596,46.867048 ], [ -100.688513,46.867048 ], [ -100.688513,46.751104 ], [ -100.845596,46.751104 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a71566e4b09db86f875c83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, Brenda K. 0000-0003-2429-638X bdensmore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2429-638X","contributorId":4896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Brenda","email":"bdensmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strauch, Kellan R. 0000-0002-7218-2099 kstrauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7218-2099","contributorId":1006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strauch","given":"Kellan","email":"kstrauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dietsch, Benjamin J. 0000-0003-1090-409X bdietsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-409X","contributorId":1346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietsch","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdietsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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