{"pageNumber":"1509","pageRowStart":"37700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165309,"records":[{"id":70044506,"text":"70044506 - 2012 - Temporal evolution of stable water isotopologues in cloud droplets in a hill cap cloud in central Europe (HCCT-2010)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-09T15:40:48","indexId":"70044506","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":922,"text":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal evolution of stable water isotopologues in cloud droplets in a hill cap cloud in central Europe (HCCT-2010)","docAbstract":"In this work, we present the first study resolving the temporal evolution of δ<sup>2</sup>H and δ<sup>18</sup>O values in cloud droplets during 13 different cloud events. The cloud events were probed on a 937 m high mountain chain in Germany in the framework of the Hill Cap Cloud Thuringia 2010 campaign (HCCT-2010) in September and October 2010. The δ values of cloud droplets ranged from −77‰ to −15‰ (δ<sup>2</sup>H) and from −12.1‰ to −3.9‰ (δ<sup>18</sup>O) over the whole campaign. The cloud water line of the measured δ values was δ<sup>2</sup>H=7.8×δ<sup>18</sup>O+13×10−3, which is of similar slope, but with higher deuterium excess than other Central European Meteoric Water Lines. Decreasing δ values in the course of the campaign agree with seasonal trends observed in rain in central Europe. The deuterium excess was higher in clouds developing after recent precipitation revealing episodes of regional moisture recycling. The variations in δ values during one cloud event could either result from changes in meteorological conditions during condensation or from variations in the δ values of the water vapor feeding the cloud. To test which of both aspects dominated during the investigated cloud events, we modeled the variation in δ values in cloud water using a closed box model. We could show that the variation in δ values of two cloud events was mainly due to changes in local temperature conditions. For the other eleven cloud events, the variation was most likely caused by changes in the isotopic composition of the advected and entrained vapor. Frontal passages during two of the latter cloud events led to the strongest temporal changes in both δ<sup>2</sup>H (≈ 6‰ per hour) and δ<sup>18</sup>O (≈ 0.6‰ per hour). Moreover, a detailed trajectory analysis for the two longest cloud events revealed that variations in the entrained vapor were most likely related to rain out or changes in relative humidity and temperature at the moisture source region or both. This study illustrates the sensitivity of stable isotope composition of cloud water to changes in large scale air mass properties and regional recycling of moisture.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","publisherLocation":"Munich, Germany","doi":"10.5194/acp-12-11679-2012","usgsCitation":"Spiegel, J., Aemisegger, F., Scholl, M., Wienhold, F., Collett, J., Lee, T., van Pinxteren, D., Mertes, S., Tilgner, A., Herrmann, H., Werner, R., Buchmann, N., and Eugster, W., 2012, Temporal evolution of stable water isotopologues in cloud droplets in a hill cap cloud in central Europe (HCCT-2010): Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, v. 12, no. 23, p. 11679-11694, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11679-2012.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"11679","endPage":"11694","ipdsId":"IP-042392","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11679-2012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270722,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11679-2012"},{"id":270723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Europe","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -28.0,33.9 ], [ -28.0,72.5 ], [ 74.1,72.5 ], [ 74.1,33.9 ], [ -28.0,33.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"12","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51653872e4b077fa94dae01e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spiegel, J.K.","contributorId":6738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spiegel","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aemisegger, F.","contributorId":105614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aemisegger","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scholl, M.","contributorId":32385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wienhold, F.G.","contributorId":11489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wienhold","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collett, J.L. Jr.","contributorId":42426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"J.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, T.","contributorId":91720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"van Pinxteren, D.","contributorId":18646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Pinxteren","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mertes, S.","contributorId":85859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mertes","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tilgner, A.","contributorId":14276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilgner","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Herrmann, H.","contributorId":12344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrmann","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Werner, Roland A.","contributorId":103488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Roland A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Buchmann, N.","contributorId":11906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchmann","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Eugster, W.","contributorId":32701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eugster","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70042472,"text":"70042472 - 2012 - Bathythermal habitat use by strains of Great Lakes- and Finger Lakes-origin lake trout in Lake Huron after a change in prey fish abundance and composition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-28T14:55:35","indexId":"70042472","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bathythermal habitat use by strains of Great Lakes- and Finger Lakes-origin lake trout in Lake Huron after a change in prey fish abundance and composition","docAbstract":"A study conducted in Lake Huron during October 1998–June 2001 found that strains of Great Lakes-origin (GLO) lake trout <i>Salvelinus namaycush</i> occupied significantly higher temperatures than did Finger Lakes-origin (FLO; New York) lake trout based on data from archival (or data storage) telemetry tags that recorded only temperature. During 2002 and 2003, we implanted archival tags that recorded depth as well as temperature in GLO and FLO lake trout in Lake Huron. Data subsequently recorded by those tags spanned 2002–2005. Based on those data, we examined whether temperatures and depths occupied by GLO and FLO lake trout differed during 2002–2005. Temperatures occupied during those years were also compared with occupied temperatures reported for 1998–2001, before a substantial decline in prey fish biomass. Temperatures occupied by GLO lake trout were again significantly higher than those occupied by FLO lake trout. This result supports the conclusion of the previous study. The GLO lake trout also occupied significantly shallower depths than FLO lake trout. In 2002–2005, both GLO and FLO lake trout occupied significantly lower temperatures than they did in 1998–2001. Aside from the sharp decline in prey fish biomass between study periods, the formerly abundant pelagic alewife Alosa pseudoharengus virtually disappeared and the demersal round goby Neogobius melanostomus invaded the lake and became locally abundant. The lower temperatures occupied by lake trout in Lake Huron during 2002–2005 may be attributable to changes in the composition of the prey fish community, food scarcity (i.e., a retreat to cooler water could increase conversion efficiency), or both.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2011.651069","usgsCitation":"Bergstedt, R.A., Argyle, R.L., Krueger, C., and Taylor, W., 2012, Bathythermal habitat use by strains of Great Lakes- and Finger Lakes-origin lake trout in Lake Huron after a change in prey fish abundance and composition: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 141, no. 2, p. 263-274, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.651069.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"274","ipdsId":"IP-019052","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268586,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.651069"},{"id":268589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.71,42.92 ], [ -84.71,46.04 ], [ -81.63,46.04 ], [ -81.63,42.92 ], [ -84.71,42.92 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"141","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51308a7be4b04c194073adaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Argyle, Ray L.","contributorId":9993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Argyle","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krueger, Charles C.","contributorId":67821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krueger","given":"Charles C.","affiliations":[{"id":7019,"text":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":471606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, William W.","contributorId":49735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"William W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044474,"text":"70044474 - 2012 - Low genetic diversity and minimal population substructure in the endangered Florida manatee: implications for conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-24T11:59:11","indexId":"70044474","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low genetic diversity and minimal population substructure in the endangered Florida manatee: implications for conservation","docAbstract":"Species of management concern that have been affected by human activities typically are characterized by low genetic diversity, which can adversely affect their ability to adapt to environmental changes. We used 18 microsatellite markers to genotype 362 Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris), and investigated genetic diversity, population structure, and estimated genetically effective population size (Ne). The observed and expected heterozygosity and average number of alleles were 0.455 ± 0.04, 0.479 ± 0.04, and 4.77 ± 0.51, respectively. All measures of Florida manatee genetic diversity were less than averages reported for placental mammals, including fragmented or nonideal populations. Overall estimates of differentiation were low, though significantly greater than zero, and analysis of molecular variance revealed that over 95% of the total variance was among individuals within predefined management units or among individuals along the coastal subpopulations, with only minor portions of variance explained by between group variance. Although genetic issues, as inferred by neutral genetic markers, appear not to be critical at present, the Florida manatee continues to face demographic challenges due to anthropogenic activities and stochastic factors such as red tides, oil spills, and disease outbreaks; these can further reduce genetic diversity of the manatee population.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/12-MAMM-A-048.1","usgsCitation":"Tucker, K.P., Hunter, M., Bonde, R.K., Austin, J.D., Clark, A.M., Beck, C.A., McGuire, P.M., and Oli, M.K., 2012, Low genetic diversity and minimal population substructure in the endangered Florida manatee: implications for conservation: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 93, no. 6, p. 1504-1511, https://doi.org/10.1644/12-MAMM-A-048.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1504","endPage":"1511","ipdsId":"IP-009758","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274100,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274099,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/12-MAMM-A-048.1"}],"volume":"93","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c96a68e4b0a50a6e8f5821","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tucker, Kimberly Pause","contributorId":58008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"Pause","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunter, Margaret E. 0000-0002-4760-9302 mhunter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-9302","contributorId":4888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Margaret E.","email":"mhunter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Austin, James D.","contributorId":57584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Ann Marie","contributorId":88622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beck, Cathy A. 0000-0002-5388-5418 cbeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-5418","contributorId":2919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Cathy","email":"cbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McGuire, Peter M.","contributorId":45816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Oli, Madan K.","contributorId":86089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oli","given":"Madan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70042475,"text":"70042475 - 2012 - Fundamental questions of earthquake statistics, source behavior, and the estimation of earthquake probabilities from possible foreshocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T21:21:49","indexId":"70042475","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fundamental questions of earthquake statistics, source behavior, and the estimation of earthquake probabilities from possible foreshocks","docAbstract":"Estimates of the probability that an M<sub>L</sub> 4.8 earthquake, which occurred near the southern end of the San Andreas fault on 24 March 2009, would be followed by an M 7 mainshock over the following three days vary from 0.0009 using a Gutenberg–Richter model of aftershock statistics (Reasenberg and Jones, 1989) to 0.04 using a statistical model of foreshock behavior and long‐term estimates of large earthquake probabilities, including characteristic earthquakes (Agnew and Jones, 1991). I demonstrate that the disparity between the existing approaches depends on whether or not they conform to Gutenberg–Richter behavior. While Gutenberg–Richter behavior is well established over large regions, it could be violated on individual faults if they have characteristic earthquakes or over small areas if the spatial distribution of large‐event nucleations is disproportional to the rate of smaller events. I develop a new form of the aftershock model that includes characteristic behavior and combines the features of both models. This new model and the older foreshock model yield the same results when given the same inputs, but the new model has the advantage of producing probabilities for events of all magnitudes, rather than just for events larger than the initial one. Compared with the aftershock model, the new model has the advantage of taking into account long‐term earthquake probability models. Using consistent parameters, the probability of an M 7 mainshock on the southernmost San Andreas fault is 0.0001 for three days from long‐term models and the clustering probabilities following the M<sub>L</sub> 4.8 event are 0.00035 for a Gutenberg–Richter distribution and 0.013 for a characteristic‐earthquake magnitude–frequency distribution. Our decisions about the existence of characteristic earthquakes and how large earthquakes nucleate have a first‐order effect on the probabilities obtained from short‐term clustering models for these large events.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120090184","usgsCitation":"Michael, A.J., 2012, Fundamental questions of earthquake statistics, source behavior, and the estimation of earthquake probabilities from possible foreshocks: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 102, no. 6, p. 2547-2562, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090184.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2547","endPage":"2562","ipdsId":"IP-014815","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268735,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268734,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120090184"}],"volume":"102","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5135d079e4b03b8ec4025b51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michael, Andrew J. 0000-0002-2403-5019 michael@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":1280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"Andrew","email":"michael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042484,"text":"70042484 - 2012 - Source characterization of near-surface chemical explosions at SAFOD","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-26T15:57:09","indexId":"70042484","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source characterization of near-surface chemical explosions at SAFOD","docAbstract":"A series of near‐surface chemical explosions conducted at the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) main hole were recorded by high‐frequency downhole receiver arrays in April 2005. These seismic recordings at depths ranging from the surface to 2.3 km constrain the shallow velocity and attenuation structure as well as the first‐order characteristics of the source. Forward modeling of the explosions indicates that a source consisting of combined explosion, delayed implosion, and second‐order moment‐tensor components (corresponding to a distribution of vertical shear dislocations in the rock directly above the explosion) is sufficient to characterize the generated seismic wave fields to first order. Grid searches over source parameters controlling the nonexplosive components allow for the quantification of distributed vertical shear above the source and the estimation of the moment and time delay of the implosive component relative to the explosion. An estimated implosive to explosive moment ratio of 0.34 to 0.43 indicates a net static moment and positive macroscopic volume change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120110201","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., Rubinstein, J., and Ellsworth, W., 2012, Source characterization of near-surface chemical explosions at SAFOD: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 102, no. 4, p. 1348-1360, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110201.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1348","endPage":"1360","ipdsId":"IP-030810","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270219,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270218,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120110201"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42.0 ], [ -114.0,42.0 ], [ -114.0,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"102","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5152c3b6e4b01197b08e9d08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, Fred F.","contributorId":54029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Fred F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubinstein, Justin","contributorId":64122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubinstein","given":"Justin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellsworth, William","contributorId":86445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044949,"text":"70044949 - 2012 - Alaska's rare earth deposits and resource potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-08T08:30:02","indexId":"70044949","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alaska's rare earth deposits and resource potential","docAbstract":"Alaska’s known mineral endowment includes some of the largest and highest grade deposits of various metals, including gold, copper and zinc. Recently, Alaska has also been active in the worldwide search for sources of rare earth elements (REE) to replace exports now being limitedby China. Driven by limited supply of the rare earths, combined with their increasing use in new ‘green’ energy, lighting, transportation, and many other technological applications, the rare earth metals neodymium, europium and, in particular, the heavy rare earth elements terbium, dysprosium and yttrium are forecast to soon be in critical short supply (U.S. Department of Energy, 2010).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","publisherLocation":"Englewood, CO","usgsCitation":"Barker, J.C., and Van Gosen, B.S., 2012, Alaska's rare earth deposits and resource potential: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 1, p. 20-32.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"32","ipdsId":"IP-031110","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270646,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270645,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=2502&page=20"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5163e6e2e4b0b7010f820147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, James C.","contributorId":77014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70044954,"text":"70044954 - 2012 - An exploration hydrogeochemical study at the giant Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Alaska, USA, using high-resolution ICP-MS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-14T15:15:26.279372","indexId":"70044954","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1758,"text":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An exploration hydrogeochemical study at the giant Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Alaska, USA, using high-resolution ICP-MS","docAbstract":"A hydrogeochemical study using high resolution ICP-MS was undertaken at the giant Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit and surrounding mineral occurrences. Surface water and groundwater samples from regional background and the deposit area were collected at 168 sites. Rigorous quality control reveals impressive results at low nanogram per litre (ng/l) levels. Sites with pH values below 5.1 are from ponds in the Pebble West area, where sulphide-bearing rubble crop is thinly covered. Relative to other study area waters, anomalous concentrations of Cu, Cd, K, Ni, Re, the REE, Tl, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> and F<sup>−</sup> are present in water samples from Pebble West. Samples from circum-neutral waters at Pebble East and parts of Pebble West, where cover is much thicker, have anomalous concentrations of Ag, As, In, Mn, Mo, Sb, Th, U, V, and W. Low-level anomalous concentrations for most of these elements were also found in waters surrounding nearby porphyry and skarn mineral occurrences. Many of these elements are present in low ng/l concentration ranges and would not have been detected using traditional quadrupole ICP-MS. Hydrogeochemical exploration paired with high resolution ICP-MS is a powerful new tool in the search for concealed deposits.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1144/1467-7873/11-RA-070","usgsCitation":"Eppinger, R.G., Fey, D.L., Giles, S.A., Kelley, K., and Smith, S.M., 2012, An exploration hydrogeochemical study at the giant Pebble porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Alaska, USA, using high-resolution ICP-MS: Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 12, no. 3, p. 211-226, https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/11-RA-070.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"226","ipdsId":"IP-029509","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270652,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Pebble","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.533203125,\n              59.70655581142613\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.8193359375,\n              59.70655581142613\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.8193359375,\n              60.343260013555195\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.533203125,\n              60.343260013555195\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.533203125,\n              59.70655581142613\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5163e6e3e4b0b7010f82014e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eppinger, Robert G. eppinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"Robert","email":"eppinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelley, Karen D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":57817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Karen D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Steven M. 0000-0003-3591-5377 smsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3591-5377","contributorId":1460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Steven","email":"smsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70044449,"text":"70044449 - 2012 - Assessing California groundwater susceptibility using trace concentrations of halogenated volatile organic compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-14T13:45:14","indexId":"70044449","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing California groundwater susceptibility using trace concentrations of halogenated volatile organic compounds","docAbstract":"Twenty-four halogenated volatile organic compounds (hVOCs) and SF<sub>6</sub> were measured in groundwater samples collected from 312 wells across California at concentrations as low as 10<sup>–12</sup> grams per kilogram groundwater. The hVOCs detected are predominately anthropogenic (i.e., “ahVOCs”) and as such their distribution delineates where groundwaters are impacted and susceptible to human activity. ahVOC detections were broadly consistent with air-saturated water concentrations in equilibrium with a combination of industrial-era global and regional hVOC atmospheric abundances. However, detection of ahVOCs in nearly all of the samples collected, including ancient groundwaters, suggests the presence of a sampling or analytical artifact that confounds interpretation of the very-low concentration ahVOC data. To increase our confidence in ahVOC detections we establish screening levels based on ahVOC concentrations in deep wells drawing ancient groundwater in Owens Valley. Concentrations of ahVOCs below the Owens Valley screening levels account for a large number of the detections in prenuclear groundwater across California without significant loss of ahVOC detections in shallow, recently recharged groundwaters. Over 80% of the groundwaters in this study contain at least one ahVOC after screening, indicating that the footprint of human industry is nearly ubiquitous and that most California groundwaters are vulnerable to contamination from land-surface activities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es303546b","usgsCitation":"Deeds, D.A., Kulongoski, J., and Belitz, K., 2012, Assessing California groundwater susceptibility using trace concentrations of halogenated volatile organic compounds: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 24, p. 13128-13135, https://doi.org/10.1021/es303546b.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"13128","endPage":"13135","ipdsId":"IP-040240","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270881,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270880,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es303546b"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42.0 ], [ -114.1,42.0 ], [ -114.1,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"46","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516bcfe9e4b0eae401aec237","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deeds, Daniel A. ddeeds@usgs.gov","contributorId":83003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deeds","given":"Daniel","email":"ddeeds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":94750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044426,"text":"70044426 - 2012 - Evidence of autumn spawning in Suwannee River Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi (Vladykov, 1955)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T11:50:24","indexId":"70044426","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of autumn spawning in Suwannee River Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi (Vladykov, 1955)","docAbstract":"Evidence of autumn spawning of Gulf sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi in the Suwannee River, Florida, was compiled from multiple investigations between 1986 and 2008. Gulf sturgeon are known from egg collections to spawn in the springtime months following immigration into rivers. Evidence of autumn spawning includes multiple captures of sturgeon in September through early November that were ripe (late-development ova; motile sperm) or exhibited just-spawned characteristics, telemetry of fish that made >175 river kilometer upstream excursions to the spawning grounds in September–October, and the capture of a 9.3 cm TL age-0 Gulf sturgeon on 29 November 2000 (which would have been spawned in late September 2000). Analysis of age-at-length data indicates that ca. 20% of the Suwannee River Gulf sturgeon population may be attributable to autumn spawning. However, with the very low sampling effort expended, eggs or early life stages have not yet been captured in the autumn, which would be the conclusive proof of autumn spawning. More sampling, and sampling at previously unknown sites frequented by acoustic telemetry fish, would be required to find eggs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.01960.x","usgsCitation":"Randall, M., and Sulak, K., 2012, Evidence of autumn spawning in Suwannee River Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi (Vladykov, 1955): Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 28, no. 4, p. 489-495, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.01960.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"495","ipdsId":"IP-014866","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.01960.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":272230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272229,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.01960.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.63,24.52 ], [ -87.63,31.0 ], [ -80.0,31.0 ], [ -80.0,24.52 ], [ -87.63,24.52 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd58a0e4b0b290850f835c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Randall, M.T.","contributorId":39616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sulak, K. J. 0000-0002-4795-9310","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-9310","contributorId":76690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulak","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70042536,"text":"70042536 - 2012 - Context-dependent planktivory: interacting effects of turbidity and predation risk on adaptive foraging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T11:50:16","indexId":"70042536","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Context-dependent planktivory: interacting effects of turbidity and predation risk on adaptive foraging","docAbstract":"By shaping species interactions, adaptive phenotypic plasticity can profoundly influence ecosystems. Predicting such outcomes has proven difficult, however, owing in part to the dependence of plasticity on the environmental context. Of particular relevance are environmental factors that affect sensory performance in organisms in ways that alter the tradeoffs associated with adaptive phenotypic responses. We explored the influence of turbidity, which simultaneously and differentially affects the sensory performance of consumers at multiple trophic levels, on the indirect effect of a top predator (piscivorous fish) on a basal prey resource (zooplankton) that is mediated through changes in the plastic foraging behavior of an intermediate consumer (zooplanktivorous fish). We first generated theoretical predictions of the adaptive foraging response of a zooplanktivore across wide gradients of turbidity and predation risk by a piscivore. Our model predicted that predation risk can change the negative relationship between intermediate consumer foraging and turbidity into a humped-shaped (unimodal) one in which foraging is low in both clear and highly turbid conditions due to foraging-related risk and visual constraints, respectively. Consequently, the positive trait-mediated indirect effect (TMIE) of the top predator on the basal resource is predicted to peak at low turbidity and decline thereafter until it reaches an asymptote of zero at intermediate turbidity levels (when foraging equals that which is predicted when the top predator is absent). We used field observations and a laboratory experiment to test our model predictions. In support, we found humped-shaped relationships between planktivory and turbidity for several zooplanktivorous fishes from diverse freshwater ecosystems with predation risk. Further, our experiment demonstrated that predation risk reduced zooplanktivory by yellow perch (Perca flavescens) at a low turbidity, but had no effect on consumption at an intermediate turbidity. Together, our theoretical and empirical findings show how the environmental context can govern the strength of TMIEs by influencing consumer sensory performance and how these effects can become realized in nature over wide environmental gradients. Additionally, our hump-shaped foraging curve represents an important departure from the conventional view of turbidity's effect on planktivorous fishes, thus potentially requiring a reconceptualization of turbidity's impact on aquatic food-web interactions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ESA","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/ES12-00224.1","usgsCitation":"Pangle, K.L., Malinich, T.D., Bunnell, D., DeVries, D.R., and Ludsin, S.A., 2012, Context-dependent planktivory: interacting effects of turbidity and predation risk on adaptive foraging: Ecosphere, v. 3, no. 12, Article 114; 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1890/ES12-00224.1.","productDescription":"Article 114; 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-042043","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es12-00224.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":269994,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269992,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES12-00224.1"}],"volume":"3","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515171e8e4b087909f0bbe82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pangle, Kevin L.","contributorId":40947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pangle","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malinich, Timothy D.","contributorId":7583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malinich","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bunnell, David B.","contributorId":14360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeVries, Dennis R.","contributorId":49678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeVries","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ludsin, Stuart A.","contributorId":96978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludsin","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70044417,"text":"70044417 - 2012 - Impacts of rural development on Yellowstone wildlife: linking grizzly bear Ursus arctos demographics with projected residential growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T23:45:29","indexId":"70044417","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3766,"text":"Wildlife Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of rural development on Yellowstone wildlife: linking grizzly bear Ursus arctos demographics with projected residential growth","docAbstract":"Exurban development is consuming wildlife habitat within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem with potential consequences to the long-term conservation of grizzly bears Ursus arctos. We assessed the impacts of alternative future land-use scenarios by linking an existing regression-based simulation model predicting rural development with a spatially explicit model that predicted bear survival. Using demographic criteria that predict population trajectory, we portioned habitats into either source or sink, and projected the loss of source habitat associated with four different build out (new home construction) scenarios through 2020. Under boom growth, we predicted that 12 km<sup>2</sup> of source habitat were converted to sink habitat within the Grizzly Bear Recovery Zone (RZ), 189 km<sup>2</sup> were converted within the current distribution of grizzly bears outside of the RZ, and 289 km<sup>2</sup> were converted in the area outside the RZ identified as suitable grizzly bear habitat. Our findings showed that extremely low densities of residential development created sink habitats. We suggest that tools, such as those outlined in this article, in addition to zoning and subdivision regulation may prove more practical, and the most effective means of retaining large areas of undeveloped land and conserving grizzly bear source habitat will likely require a landscape-scale approach. We recommend a focus on land conservation efforts that retain open space (easements, purchases and trades) coupled with the implementation of ‘bear community programmes’ on an ecosystem wide basis in an effort to minimize human-bear conflicts, minimize management-related bear mortalities associated with preventable conflicts and to safeguard human communities. Our approach has application to other species and areas, and it has illustrated how spatially explicit demographic models can be combined with models predicting land-use change to help focus conservation priorities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nordic Board for Wildlife Research","doi":"10.2981/11-060","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, C.C., Gude, P.H., Landenburger, L., Haroldson, M.A., and Podruzny, S., 2012, Impacts of rural development on Yellowstone wildlife: linking grizzly bear Ursus arctos demographics with projected residential growth: Wildlife Biology, v. 18, no. 3, p. 246-257, https://doi.org/10.2981/11-060.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"246","endPage":"257","ipdsId":"IP-030018","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273345,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2981/11-060"},{"id":273346,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.16,44.13 ], [ -111.16,45.11 ], [ -109.83,45.11 ], [ -109.83,44.13 ], [ -111.16,44.13 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b05de8e4b030b519801254","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, Charles C.","contributorId":55950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gude, Patricia H.","contributorId":43259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gude","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landenburger, Lisa 0000-0002-4325-3652 lisa_landenburger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4325-3652","contributorId":4106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landenburger","given":"Lisa","email":"lisa_landenburger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haroldson, Mark A. 0000-0002-7457-7676 mharoldson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":1773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"Mark","email":"mharoldson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Podruzny, Shannon","contributorId":45614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podruzny","given":"Shannon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70042544,"text":"70042544 - 2012 - Fixed recurrence and slip models better predict earthquake behavior than the time- and slip-predictable models 1: repeating earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T11:04:10","indexId":"70042544","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fixed recurrence and slip models better predict earthquake behavior than the time- and slip-predictable models 1: repeating earthquakes","docAbstract":"The behavior of individual events in repeating earthquake sequences in California, Taiwan and Japan is better predicted by a model with fixed inter-event time or fixed slip than it is by the time- and slip-predictable models for earthquake occurrence. Given that repeating earthquakes are highly regular in both inter-event time and seismic moment, the time- and slip-predictable models seem ideally suited to explain their behavior. Taken together with evidence from the companion manuscript that shows similar results for laboratory experiments we conclude that the short-term predictions of the time- and slip-predictable models should be rejected in favor of earthquake models that assume either fixed slip or fixed recurrence interval. This implies that the elastic rebound model underlying the time- and slip-predictable models offers no additional value in describing earthquake behavior in an event-to-event sense, but its value in a long-term sense cannot be determined. These models likely fail because they rely on assumptions that oversimplify the earthquake cycle. We note that the time and slip of these events is predicted quite well by fixed slip and fixed recurrence models, so in some sense they are time- and slip-predictable. While fixed recurrence and slip models better predict repeating earthquake behavior than the time- and slip-predictable models, we observe a correlation between slip and the preceding recurrence time for many repeating earthquake sequences in Parkfield, California. This correlation is not found in other regions, and the sequences with the correlative slip-predictable behavior are not distinguishable from nearby earthquake sequences that do not exhibit this behavior.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011JB008724","usgsCitation":"Rubinstein, J.L., Ellsworth, W.L., Chen, K., and Uchida, N., 2012, Fixed recurrence and slip models better predict earthquake behavior than the time- and slip-predictable models 1: repeating earthquakes: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 117, no. B2, B02306, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008724.","productDescription":"B02306","ipdsId":"IP-031495","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268985,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268984,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008724"}],"volume":"117","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5142f16fe4b073a963ff6582","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubinstein, Justin L. 0000-0003-1274-6785 jrubinstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1274-6785","contributorId":2404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubinstein","given":"Justin","email":"jrubinstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, Kate Huihsuan","contributorId":36430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Kate Huihsuan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Uchida, Naoki","contributorId":36408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uchida","given":"Naoki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044956,"text":"70044956 - 2012 - A new basaltic glass microanalytical reference material for multiple techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-06T19:51:41","indexId":"70044956","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2737,"text":"Microscopy Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new basaltic glass microanalytical reference material for multiple techniques","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been producing reference materials since the 1950s. Over 50 materials have been developed to cover bulk rock, sediment, and soils for the geological community. These materials are used globally in geochemistry, environmental, and analytical laboratories that perform bulk chemistry and/or microanalysis for instrument calibration and quality assurance testing. To answer the growing demand for higher spatial resolution and sensitivity, there is a need to create a new generation of microanalytical reference materials suitable for a variety of techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy/X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). As such, the microanalytical reference material (MRM) needs to be stable under the beam, be homogeneous at scales of better than 10–25 micrometers for the major to ultra-trace element level, and contain all of the analytes (elements or isotopes) of interest. Previous development of basaltic glasses intended for LA-ICP-MS has resulted in a synthetic basaltic matrix series of glasses (USGS GS-series) and a natural basalt series of glasses (BCR-1G, BHVO-2G, and NKT-1G). These materials have been useful for the LA-ICP-MS community but were not originally intended for use by the electron or ion beam community. A material developed from start to finish with intended use in multiple microanalytical instruments would be useful for inter-laboratory and inter-instrument platform comparisons.\n\nThis article summarizes the experiments undertaken to produce a basalt glass reference material suitable for distribution as a multiple-technique round robin material. The goal of the analytical work presented here is to demonstrate that the elemental homogeneity of the new glass is acceptable for its use as a reference material. Because the round robin exercise is still underway, only nominal compositional ranges for each element are given in the article.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Microscopy Today","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, U.K.","doi":"10.1017/S1551929511001441","usgsCitation":"Wilson, S., Koenig, A., and Lowers, H., 2012, A new basaltic glass microanalytical reference material for multiple techniques: Microscopy Today, v. 20, no. 1, p. 12-16, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1551929511001441.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-033716","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1551929511001441","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270606,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1551929511001441"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51614bd6e4b022d43fdfaa1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Steve","contributorId":57145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koenig, Alan 0000-0002-5230-0924","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5230-0924","contributorId":63159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenig","given":"Alan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowers, Heather 0000-0001-5360-9264","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":52609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044961,"text":"70044961 - 2012 - History and progress of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project, 2001-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:23:33.083406","indexId":"70044961","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1424,"text":"Earth Science Frontiers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"History and progress of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project, 2001-2010","docAbstract":"In 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Geological Survey of Canada, and the Mexican Geological Survey initiated a low-density (1 site per 1600 km<sup>2</sup>, 13323 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of North American soils (North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project). Sampling and analytical protocols were developed at a series of workshops in 20032004 and pilot studies were conducted from 20042007. The ideal sampling protocol at each site includes a sample from 05 cm depth, a composite of the soil A horizon, and a sample from the soil C horizon. The <2-mm fraction of each sample is analyzed for Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, S, Ti, Ag, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, In, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sn, Sr, Te, Th, Tl, U, V, W, Y, and Zn by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry following a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl, HNO<sub>3</sub>, HClO</sub>4</sub>, and HF. Separate methods are used for As, Hg, Se, and total C on this same size fraction. The major mineralogical components are determined by a quantitative X-ray diffraction method. Sampling in the conterminous U.S. was completed in 2010 (c. 4800 sites) with chemical and mineralogical analysis currently underway. In Mexico, approximately 66% of the sampling (871 sites) had been done by the end of 2010 with completion expected in 2012. After completing sampling in the Maritime provinces and portions of other provinces (472 sites, 7.6% of the total), Canada withdrew from the project in 2010.  Preliminary results for a swath from the central U.S. to Florida clearly show the effects of soil parent material and climate on the chemical and mineralogical composition of soils. A sample archive will be established and made available for future investigations.","language":"English","publisher":"China University of Geosciences","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Cannon, W.F., Woodruff, L.G., Rivera, F.M., Rencz, A.N., and Garrett, R.G., 2012, History and progress of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project, 2001-2010: Earth Science Frontiers, v. 19, no. 3, p. 19-32.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"32","ipdsId":"IP-030806","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273179,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.earthsciencefrontiers.net.cn/EN/abstract/abstract4452.shtml"},{"id":273184,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51af0c6ae4b08a3322c2c2ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rivera, Francisco Moreira","contributorId":9156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rivera","given":"Francisco","email":"","middleInitial":"Moreira","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rencz, Andrew N.","contributorId":105994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rencz","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garrett, Robert G.","contributorId":31481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70044410,"text":"70044410 - 2012 - Resolving hyporheic and groundwater components of streambed water flux","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-09T15:25:50","indexId":"70044410","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resolving hyporheic and groundwater components of streambed water flux","docAbstract":"Hyporheic and groundwater fluxes typically occur together in permeable sediments beneath flowing stream water. However, streambed water fluxes quantified using the thermal method are usually interpreted as representing either groundwater or hyporheic fluxes. Our purpose was to improve understanding of co-occurring groundwater and hyporheic fluxes using streambed temperature measurements and analysis of one-dimensional heat transport in shallow streambeds. First, we examined how changes in hyporheic and groundwater fluxes affect their relative magnitudes by reevaluating previously published simulations. These indicated that flux magnitudes are largely independent until a threshold is crossed, past which hyporheic fluxes are diminished by much larger (1000-fold) groundwater fluxes. We tested accurate quantification of co-occurring fluxes using one-dimensional approaches that are appropriate for analyzing streambed temperature data collected at field sites. The thermal analytical method, which uses an analytical solution to the one-dimensional heat transport equation, was used to analyze results from a numerical heat transport model, in which hyporheic flow was represented as increased thermal dispersion at shallow depths. We found that co-occurring groundwater and hyporheic fluxes can be quantified in streambeds, although not always accurately. For example, using a temperature time series collected in a sandy streambed, we found that hyporheic and groundwater flow could both be detected when thermal dispersion due to hyporheic flow was significant compared to thermal conduction. We provide guidance for when thermal data can be used to quantify both hyporheic and groundwater fluxes, and we show that neglecting thermal dispersion may affect accuracy and interpretation of estimated streambed water fluxes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011WR011784","usgsCitation":"Bhaskar, A., Harvey, J.W., and Henry, E.J., 2012, Resolving hyporheic and groundwater components of streambed water flux: Water Resources Research, v. 48, no. 8, W08524, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011784.","productDescription":"W08524","ipdsId":"IP-039262","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr011784","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270719,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011784"},{"id":270721,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51653872e4b077fa94dae017","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bhaskar, Aditi S.","contributorId":62488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhaskar","given":"Aditi S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henry, Eric J.","contributorId":44810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044405,"text":"70044405 - 2012 - Hydrogeomorphology of the hyporheic zone: stream solute and fine particle interactions with a dynamic streambed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-09T14:22:11","indexId":"70044405","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeomorphology of the hyporheic zone: stream solute and fine particle interactions with a dynamic streambed","docAbstract":"Hyporheic flow in streams has typically been studied separately from geomorphic processes. We investigated interactions between bed mobility and dynamic hyporheic storage of solutes and fine particles in a sand-bed stream before, during, and after a flood. A conservatively transported solute tracer (bromide) and a fine particles tracer (5 μm latex particles), a surrogate for fine particulate organic matter, were co-injected during base flow. The tracers were differentially stored, with fine particles penetrating more shallowly in hyporheic flow and retained more efficiently due to the high rate of particle filtration in bed sediment compared to solute. Tracer injections lasted 3.5 h after which we released a small flood from an upstream dam one hour later. Due to shallower storage in the bed, fine particles were rapidly entrained during the rising limb of the flood hydrograph. Rather than being flushed by the flood, we observed that solutes were stored longer due to expansion of hyporheic flow paths beneath the temporarily enlarged bedforms. Three important timescales determined the fate of solutes and fine particles: (1) flood duration, (2) relaxation time of flood-enlarged bedforms back to base flow dimensions, and (3) resulting adjustments and lag times of hyporheic flow. Recurrent transitions between these timescales explain why we observed a peak accumulation of natural particulate organic matter between 2 and 4 cm deep in the bed, i.e., below the scour layer of mobile bedforms but above the maximum depth of particle filtration in hyporheic flow paths. Thus, physical interactions between bed mobility and hyporheic transport influence how organic matter is stored in the bed and how long it is retained, which affects decomposition rate and metabolism of this southeastern Coastal Plain stream. In summary we found that dynamic interactions between hyporheic flow, bed mobility, and flow variation had strong but differential influences on base flow retention and flood mobilization of solutes and fine particulates. These hydrogeomorphic relationships have implications for microbial respiration of organic matter, carbon and nutrient cycling, and fate of contaminants in streams.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1029/2012JG002043","usgsCitation":"Harvey, J., Drummond, J., Martin, R., McPhillips, L., Packman, A., Jerolmack, D., Stonedahl, S., Aubeneau, A., Sawyer, A., Larsen, L., and Tobias, C., 2012, Hydrogeomorphology of the hyporheic zone: stream solute and fine particle interactions with a dynamic streambed: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 117, no. G4, G00N11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JG002043.","productDescription":"G00N11","ipdsId":"IP-040084","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/ees_papers/71","text":"External Repository"},{"id":270708,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012JG002043"},{"id":270709,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"G4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5165386ae4b077fa94dadfaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drummond, J.D.","contributorId":26945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drummond","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, R.L.","contributorId":85296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McPhillips, L.E.","contributorId":68547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhillips","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Packman, A.I.","contributorId":37539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Packman","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jerolmack, D.J.","contributorId":64858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jerolmack","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stonedahl, S.H.","contributorId":100710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonedahl","given":"S.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Aubeneau, A.F.","contributorId":7584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aubeneau","given":"A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sawyer, A.H.","contributorId":33197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Larsen, L. G.","contributorId":50741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"L. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Tobias, C.R.","contributorId":9442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tobias","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70044395,"text":"70044395 - 2012 - Strontium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-06T13:21:50","indexId":"70044395","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strontium","docAbstract":"In 2011, U.S. apparent consumption of strontium (contained in celestite and manufactured strontium compounds) increased markedly to 18.4 kt (20,300 st) from 10.4 kt (11,500 st) in 2010. Gross weight of imports was 34.4 kt (38,000 st), of which 76 percent originated from Mexico.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2012, Strontium: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 91-91.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"91","ipdsId":"IP-037363","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271893,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5188d4e5e4b023d2d75b9a91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044378,"text":"70044378 - 2012 - Interdisciplinary research produces results in understanding planetary dunes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-13T09:31:07","indexId":"70044378","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interdisciplinary research produces results in understanding planetary dunes","docAbstract":"Third International Planetary Dunes Workshop: Remote Sensing and Image Analysis of Planetary Dunes; Flagstaff, Arizona, 12–16 June 2012. This workshop, the third in a biennial series, was convened as a means of bringing together terrestrial and planetary researchers from diverse backgrounds with the goal of fostering collaborative interdisciplinary research. The small-group setting facilitated intensive discussions of many problems associated with aeolian processes on Earth, Mars, Venus, Titan, Triton, and Pluto. The workshop produced a list of key scientifc questions about planetary dune felds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2012EO380010","usgsCitation":"Titus, T.N., Hayward, R., and Dinwiddie, C., 2012, Interdisciplinary research produces results in understanding planetary dunes: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 93, no. 38, p. 367-367, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012EO380010.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"367","ipdsId":"IP-038959","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012eo380010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273675,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273674,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012EO380010"}],"volume":"93","issue":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51baeb87e4b02914c2497f99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayward, Rosalyn K.","contributorId":90955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayward","given":"Rosalyn K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dinwiddie, Cynthia L.","contributorId":38880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinwiddie","given":"Cynthia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044377,"text":"70044377 - 2012 - Impact-based earthquake alerts with the U.S. Geological Survey's PAGER system: what's next?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-24T13:38:49","indexId":"70044377","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Impact-based earthquake alerts with the U.S. Geological Survey's PAGER system: what's next?","docAbstract":"In September 2010, the USGS began publicly releasing earthquake alerts for significant earthquakes around the globe based on estimates of potential casualties and economic losses with its Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) system. These estimates significantly enhanced the utility of the USGS PAGER system which had been, since 2006, providing estimated population exposures to specific shaking intensities. Quantifying earthquake impacts and communicating estimated losses (and their uncertainties) to the public, the media, humanitarian, and response communities required a new protocol—necessitating the development of an Earthquake Impact Scale—described herein and now deployed with the PAGER system. After two years of PAGER-based impact alerting, we now review operations, hazard calculations, loss models, alerting protocols, and our success rate for recent (2010-2011) events. This review prompts analyses of the strengths, limitations, opportunities, and pressures, allowing clearer definition of future research and development priorities for the PAGER system.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering: September 24-28, 2012, Lisbon, Portugal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"IEM","usgsCitation":"Wald, D., Jaiswal, K.S., Marano, K.D., Garcia, D., So, E., and Hearne, M., 2012, Impact-based earthquake alerts with the U.S. Geological Survey's PAGER system: what's next?, <i>in</i> The 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering: September 24-28, 2012, Lisbon, Portugal, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-037951","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274110,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/WCEE2012_0956.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c96a65e4b0a50a6e8f57ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wald, D.J. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":43809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaiswal, K. S.","contributorId":105564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaiswal","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marano, K. D.","contributorId":92390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marano","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garcia, D.","contributorId":56936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"So, E.","contributorId":92147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"So","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hearne, M.","contributorId":86873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearne","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70044376,"text":"70044376 - 2012 - Demand surge following earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T20:45:02","indexId":"70044376","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Demand surge following earthquakes","docAbstract":"Demand surge is understood to be a socio-economic phenomenon where repair costs for the same damage are higher after large- versus small-scale natural disasters. It has reportedly increased monetary losses by 20 to 50%. In previous work, a model for the increased costs of reconstruction labor and materials was developed for hurricanes in the Southeast United States. The model showed that labor cost increases, rather than the material component, drove the total repair cost increases, and this finding could be extended to earthquakes. A study of past large-scale disasters suggested that there may be additional explanations for demand surge. Two such explanations specific to earthquakes are the exclusion of insurance coverage for earthquake damage and possible concurrent causation of damage from an earthquake followed by fire or tsunami. Additional research into these aspects might provide a better explanation for increased monetary losses after large- vs. small-scale earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (15WCEE), Lisbon, Portugal, September 24-28","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"IAEE","publisherLocation":"Tokyo, Japan","usgsCitation":"Olsen, A.H., 2012, Demand surge following earthquakes, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (15WCEE), Lisbon, Portugal, September 24-28, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-038003","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273877,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273876,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nicee.org/wcee/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c02fe8e4b0ee1529ed3cbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Anna H. aolsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":4703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Anna","email":"aolsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044372,"text":"70044372 - 2012 - Hillslope hydrology and stability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T15:55:28","indexId":"70044372","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Hillslope hydrology and stability","docAbstract":"Landslides are caused by a failure of the mechanical balance within hillslopes. This balance is governed by two coupled physical processes: hydrological or subsurface flow and stress. The stabilizing strength of hillslope materials depends on effective stress, which is diminished by rainfall. This book presents a cutting-edge quantitative approach to understanding hydro-mechanical processes across variably saturated hillslope environments and to the study and prediction of rainfall-induced landslides. Topics covered include historic synthesis of hillslope geomorphology and hydrology, total and effective stress distributions, critical reviews of shear strength of hillslope materials and different bases for stability analysis. Exercises and homework problems are provided for students to engage with the theory in practice. This is an invaluable resource for graduate students and researchers in hydrology, geomorphology, engineering geology, geotechnical engineering and geomechanics and for professionals in the fields of civil and environmental engineering and natural hazard analysis.","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, U.K.","usgsCitation":"Lu, N., and Godt, J., 2012, Hillslope hydrology and stability, 458 p.","productDescription":"458 p.","ipdsId":"IP-038719","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268906,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item6885007/?site_locale=en_US"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5139c4f7e4b09608cc166b28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Ning","contributorId":191360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Ning","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12620,"text":"U.S. Army Corp. of Engineers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":475391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan","contributorId":53431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70044369,"text":"70044369 - 2012 - Holocene behavior of the Brigham City segment: implications for forecasting the next large-magnitude earthquake on the Wasatch fault zone, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-11T13:25:37","indexId":"70044369","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene behavior of the Brigham City segment: implications for forecasting the next large-magnitude earthquake on the Wasatch fault zone, Utah","docAbstract":"The Brigham City segment (BCS), the northernmost Holocene‐active segment of the Wasatch fault zone (WFZ), is considered a likely location for the next big earthquake in northern Utah. We refine the timing of the last four surface‐rupturing (~Mw 7) earthquakes at several sites near Brigham City (BE1, 2430±250; BE2, 3490±180; BE3, 4510±530; and BE4, 5610±650 cal yr B.P.) and calculate mean recurrence intervals (1060–1500  yr) that are greatly exceeded by the elapsed time (~2500  yr) since the most recent surface‐rupturing earthquake (MRE). An additional rupture observed at the Pearsons Canyon site (PC1, 1240±50 cal yr B.P.) near the southern segment boundary is probably spillover rupture from a large earthquake on the adjacent Weber segment. Our seismic moment calculations show that the PC1 rupture reduced accumulated moment on the BCS about 22%, a value that may have been enough to postpone the next large earthquake. However, our calculations suggest that the segment currently has accumulated more than twice the moment accumulated in the three previous earthquake cycles, so we suspect that additional interactions with the adjacent Weber segment contributed to the long elapse time since the MRE on the BCS. Our moment calculations indicate that the next earthquake is not only overdue, but could be larger than the previous four earthquakes. Displacement data show higher rates of latest Quaternary slip (~1.3  mm/yr) along the southern two‐thirds of the segment. The northern third likely has experienced fewer or smaller ruptures, which suggests to us that most earthquakes initiate at the southern segment boundary.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120110214","usgsCitation":"Personius, S.F., DuRoss, C., and Crone, A.J., 2012, Holocene behavior of the Brigham City segment: implications for forecasting the next large-magnitude earthquake on the Wasatch fault zone, Utah: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 102, no. 6, p. 2265-2281, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110214.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2265","endPage":"2281","ipdsId":"IP-038012","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268733,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","volume":"102","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5135d07ae4b03b8ec4025b58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Personius, Stephen F. personius@usgs.gov","contributorId":1214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"Stephen","email":"personius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DuRoss, Christopher B.","contributorId":66532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuRoss","given":"Christopher B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crone, Anthony J. 0000-0002-3006-406X crone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-406X","contributorId":790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"Anthony","email":"crone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044367,"text":"70044367 - 2012 - Extraordinary distance limits of landslides triggered by the 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T19:16:43","indexId":"70044367","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extraordinary distance limits of landslides triggered by the 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake","docAbstract":"The 23 August 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake (M<sub>w</sub> 5.8) was the largest to strike the eastern U.S. since 1897 and was felt over an extraordinarily large area. Although no large landslides occurred, the shaking did trigger many rock and soil falls from steep river banks and natural cliffs in the epicentral area and from steep road cuts along, and northwest of, the Blue Ridge Parkway. We mapped the occurrence of rock falls to determine distance limits that could be compared with those from other documented earthquakes. Studies of previous earthquakes indicated a maximum epicentral distance limit for landsliding of ~60  km for an M 5.8 earthquake; the maximum distance limit for the 2011 earthquake was 245 km, the largest exceedance of the historical limit ever recorded. Likewise, the previous maximum area affected by landslides for this magnitude was 1500  km<sup>2</sup>; the area affected by landslides in the 2011 earthquake was 33,400  km<sup>2</sup>. These observations provide physical evidence that attenuation of strong shaking for eastern U.S. earthquakes is significantly lower than for plate‐boundary earthquakes. Also, distance limits parallel to the regional structural trend are greater than those that transect the structure, which suggests anisotropic attenuation related to the regional geologic structure. Peak ground acceleration (PGA) at the landslide distance limits is estimated to have been about 0.02–0.04g.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120120055","usgsCitation":"Jibson, R.W., and Harp, E.L., 2012, Extraordinary distance limits of landslides triggered by the 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 102, no. 6, p. 2368-2377, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120055.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2368","endPage":"2377","ipdsId":"IP-038413","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268729,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268728,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120120055"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Mineral","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.919642,37.998906 ], [ -77.919642,38.015615 ], [ -77.890737,38.015615 ], [ -77.890737,37.998906 ], [ -77.919642,37.998906 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"102","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5135d077e4b03b8ec4025b49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jibson, Randall W. 0000-0003-3399-0875 jibson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-0875","contributorId":2985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"Randall","email":"jibson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harp, Edwin L. harp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"Edwin","email":"harp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70044357,"text":"70044357 - 2012 - Physical controls and predictability of stream hyporheic flow evaluated with a multiscale model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-09T14:54:58","indexId":"70044357","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical controls and predictability of stream hyporheic flow evaluated with a multiscale model","docAbstract":"Improved predictions of hyporheic exchange based on easily measured physical variables are needed to improve assessment of solute transport and reaction processes in watersheds. Here we compare physically based model predictions for an Indiana stream with stream tracer results interpreted using the Transient Storage Model (TSM). We parameterized the physically based, Multiscale Model (MSM) of stream-groundwater interactions with measured stream planform and discharge, stream velocity, streambed hydraulic conductivity and porosity, and topography of the streambed at distinct spatial scales (i.e., ripple, bar, and reach scales). We predicted hyporheic exchange fluxes and hyporheic residence times using the MSM. A Continuous Time Random Walk (CTRW) model was used to convert the MSM output into predictions of in stream solute transport, which we compared with field observations and TSM parameters obtained by fitting solute transport data. MSM simulations indicated that surface-subsurface exchange through smaller topographic features such as ripples was much faster than exchange through larger topographic features such as bars. However, hyporheic exchange varies nonlinearly with groundwater discharge owing to interactions between flows induced at different topographic scales. MSM simulations showed that groundwater discharge significantly decreased both the volume of water entering the subsurface and the time it spent in the subsurface. The MSM also characterized longer timescales of exchange than were observed by the tracer-injection approach. The tracer data, and corresponding TSM fits, were limited by tracer measurement sensitivity and uncertainty in estimates of background tracer concentrations. Our results indicate that rates and patterns of hyporheic exchange are strongly influenced by a continuum of surface-subsurface hydrologic interactions over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales rather than discrete processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1029/2011WR011582","usgsCitation":"Stonedahl, S.H., Harvey, J.W., Detty, J., Aubeneau, A., and Packman, A., 2012, Physical controls and predictability of stream hyporheic flow evaluated with a multiscale model: Water Resources Research, v. 48, no. 10, W10513, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011582.","productDescription":"W10513","ipdsId":"IP-040699","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr011582","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270711,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011582"},{"id":270712,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51653871e4b077fa94dae00c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stonedahl, Susa H.","contributorId":66145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonedahl","given":"Susa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Detty, Joel","contributorId":12347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detty","given":"Joel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aubeneau, Antoine","contributorId":44057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aubeneau","given":"Antoine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Packman, Aaron I.","contributorId":15092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Packman","given":"Aaron I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70044977,"text":"70044977 - 2012 - Avian botulism and avian chlamydiosis in wild water birds, Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-24T10:52:06.744119","indexId":"70044977","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian botulism and avian chlamydiosis in wild water birds, Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana, USA","docAbstract":"<p>In 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, conducted a diagnostic investigation into a water bird mortality event involving intoxication with avian botulism type C and infection with avian chlamydiosis at the Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge in Montana, USA. Of 24 carcasses necropsied, 11 had lesions consistent with avian chlamydiosis, including two that tested positive for infectious Chlamydophila psittaci, and 12 were positive for avian botulism type C. One bird tested positive for both avian botulism type C and C. psittaci. Of 61 apparently healthy water birds sampled and released, 13 had serologic evidence of C. psittaci infection and 7 were, at the time of capture, shedding infectious C. psittaci via the cloacal or oropharyngeal route. Since more routinely diagnosed disease conditions may mask avian chlamydiosis, these findings support the need for a comprehensive diagnostic investigation when determining the cause of a wildlife mortality event.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","doi":"10.1638/2011-0200R1.1","usgsCitation":"Docherty, D., Franson, J., Brannian, R.E., Long, R.R., Radi, C.A., Krueger, D., and Johnson, R., 2012, Avian botulism and avian chlamydiosis in wild water birds, Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana, USA: Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 43, no. 4, p. 885-888, https://doi.org/10.1638/2011-0200R1.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"885","endPage":"888","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023215","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270766,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.41132354736328,\n              47.7289324467281\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.41372680664061,\n              47.638790988904766\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.37115478515625,\n              47.63902232004572\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.36909484863281,\n              47.62328946917188\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.27983093261719,\n              47.623752267682875\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.2691879272461,\n              47.64179821384579\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.27777099609375,\n              47.72685401498223\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.41132354736328,\n              47.7289324467281\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51653869e4b077fa94dadf94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Docherty, Douglas E.","contributorId":58245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Docherty","given":"Douglas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":95002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brannian, Roger E.","contributorId":107231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brannian","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Long, Renee R.","contributorId":13943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Renee","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Radi, Craig A.","contributorId":37618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radi","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Krueger, David","contributorId":106776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, Robert F.","contributorId":92691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Robert F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
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