{"pageNumber":"151","pageRowStart":"3750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":4111,"records":[{"id":61500,"text":"mf1214B - 1981 - Mineral resource potential of the Baker-Cypress BLM Instant Study Area and Timbered Crater Forest Service Further Planning (RARE II) Areas, Modoc, Shasta, and Siskiyou Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-06T15:26:34","indexId":"mf1214B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1214","chapter":"B","title":"Mineral resource potential of the Baker-Cypress BLM Instant Study Area and Timbered Crater Forest Service Further Planning (RARE II) Areas, Modoc, Shasta, and Siskiyou Counties, California","docAbstract":"<p>In accordance with the provisions of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (Public Law 94-579, October 21, 1976), the Geological Survey and the Bureau of Mines have conducted mineral surveys on certain areas, which formally had been identified as \"natural\" and \"primitive\" areas prior to November 1, 1975.</p><p>The Wilderness Act (Public Law 88-577, September 3, 1964) and related Acts, r equire the Geological Survey and the Bureau of Mines to survey certain areas on Federal lands to determine their mineral resource potential. Results must be made available to the public and be submitted to the Administration and the Congress. These maps and reports present the results of a geological and mineral survey of the Baker-Cypress BLM Instant Study Area and Timbered Crater Forest Service Further Planning (RARE II) areas.</p><p>The study areas have no potential for metallic commodities as determined from spectrographic analyses of rocks (Peterson, 1980). Several localities within the study areas, however, contain stone that can be used for decorative purposes in building construction . The study areas may also have geothermal potential, but at this time quantitative data are unavailable.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1214B","usgsCitation":"Peterson, J.A., Martin, L., Esparza, L.E., and Cwick, G.J., 1981, Mineral resource potential of the Baker-Cypress BLM Instant Study Area and Timbered Crater Forest Service Further Planning (RARE II) Areas, Modoc, Shasta, and Siskiyou Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1214, 24.73 x 28.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1214B.","productDescription":"24.73 x 28.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1214-B/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":360000,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1214-B/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Modoc County, Shasta County, Siskiyou County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.5,41.083333333333336 ], [ -121.5,41.25 ], [ -121.33333333333333,41.25 ], [ -121.33333333333333,41.083333333333336 ], [ -121.5,41.083333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6275ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Jocelyn A.","contributorId":13954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Jocelyn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, L.M.","contributorId":19224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esparza, L. E.","contributorId":72848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esparza","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cwick, Gary J.","contributorId":86022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cwick","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":8504,"text":"ofr81539 - 1981 - Hydrology of the coal-resource areas in the upper drainages of Huntington and Cottonwood creeks, central Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T18:16:56.208692","indexId":"ofr81539","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-539","title":"Hydrology of the coal-resource areas in the upper drainages of Huntington and Cottonwood creeks, central Utah","docAbstract":"<p>The hydrology of coal-resource areas in the upper drainages of Huntington and Cottonwood Creeks in central Utah was studied in order to better define the hydrologic system, to identify the hydrologic effects of underground coal mining, and to devise methods to detect the effects.</p><p>Discharge records from gaging stations in this mountainous area indicated that there are large differences in the annual discharge of streams per unit area of drainage. These differences are attributed to differences in precipitation, differences in evaporation and sublimation of the snowpack, and to subsurface movement of water out of some basins. Surface waters sampled during 1977-79 were of good chemical quality; dissolved-solids concentrations rarely exceeded 500 milligrams per liter.</p><p>The Star Point Sandstone and the lower coal-bearing part of the Blackhawk Formation, both of Cretaceous age, are saturated in some areas, and the aquifer yields water to underground coal mines. Most of the larger discharging springs in the study area issue from the Star Point-Blackhawk aquifer where faulted. Ground water also occurs in several water-bearing zones above the Star Point-Blackhawk aquifer. It is not known whether the water in these overlying units is part of a continuous zone of saturation or whether unsaturated zones occur between units and some water is perched.</p><p>Dissolved-solids concentrations in water from about 140 springs ranged from 50 to 750 milligrams per liter. The chemical characteristics of water from the water-bearing zones of different formations usually were very similar.</p><p>Dewatering of underground coal mines was the largest manmade discharge from the Star Point-Blackhawk aquifer in the study area during 1979. The dewatering of mines has decreased the amount of water in storage in the aquifer, but water-level data were not available to define the extent of the depletion. Other possible impacts due to mine dewatering include the diminution of spring flows and increases in ground-water recharge, both of which are more likely to occur where rocks have been fractured due to subsidence above mines. Also, the flows of streams that receive water discharged from mines probably have increased accordingly. The discharge of mine water into streams causes some degradation in surface-water quality, but the quality of ground water is probably not adversely affected by mining.</p><p>Some environmental changes associated with underground mining are difficult to detect without data collected over a long period. With respect to the ground-water system, the year-to-year similarity of spring-discharge recession curves may provide a method to detect some of these changes. Changes in the benthic-invertebrate population may help detect pollution of surface waters.</p><p>Comprehensive studies of the ground-water system are needed in conjunction with hydrologic monitoring in order to fully assess the hydrologic impacts of the underground coal mining.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81539","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources and Energy, Division of Oil, Gas, and Mining","usgsCitation":"Danielson, T.W., ReMillard, M.D., and Fuller, R.H., 1981, Hydrology of the coal-resource areas in the upper drainages of Huntington and Cottonwood creeks, central Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-539, Report: vi, 85 p.; 2 Plates: 24.71 x 37.66 inches and 24.58 x 37.93 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81539.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 85 p.; 2 Plates: 24.71 x 37.66 inches and 24.58 x 37.93 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405144,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0539/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":405143,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0539/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":405142,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0539/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0539/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"central Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.39175415039062,\n              39.13645165015621\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.13014221191406,\n              39.13645165015621\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.13014221191406,\n              39.35022841846271\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.39175415039062,\n              39.35022841846271\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.39175415039062,\n              39.13645165015621\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc78b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Danielson, T. W.","contributorId":48590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danielson","given":"T.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ReMillard, Michael D.","contributorId":95748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ReMillard","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Richard H.","contributorId":66236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70188669,"text":"70188669 - 1981 - Rare-earth element geochemistry of the island-arc volcanic rocks of Rabaul and Talasea, New Britain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-20T17:37:39","indexId":"70188669","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rare-earth element geochemistry of the island-arc volcanic rocks of Rabaul and Talasea, New Britain","docAbstract":"<p><span>The island-arc volcanic rocks of Rabaul and Talasea, New Britain, range in composition from basalt through rhyolite. Rare-earth elements have been determined by mass-spectrometric isotope dilution in 16 samples. Chondrite-normalized rare-earth element patterns are distinct for each volcanic center, but all are relatively flat (Ce/Yb</span><sub>E.F.</sub><span> = 1.1 to 3.0). Within each center, rare-earth element concentrations increase from basalt to dacite, and Eu anomalies become progressively more negative from basalt to dacite (Eu/Eu* = 1.0 to 0.8). Lavas inferred to contain cumulate phenocrysts show positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* of up to 1.2). The observed variations are consistent with fractional crystallization of basalt or basaltic andesite by removal or accumulation of the observed phenocrysts, including olivine, plagioclase, pyroxene, and opaque minerals. Quantitative trace-element models for Talasea lavas indicate precipitation of 50 wt percent of phenocrysts from basalt to produce andesite and an additional 22 wt percent to produce dacite. A total-equilibrium model provides the best approximation to observed concentrations, implying that the process took place at a depth sufficient to allow slow cooling of the magma as precipitation proceeded. The “least fractionated” basalts and basaltic andesites are similar in rare-earth element pattern to those of corresponding type suites in other oceanic-island arcs, implying a widespread uniformity of source and process in the production of each magma type.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<858:REGOTI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Arth, J.G., 1981, Rare-earth element geochemistry of the island-arc volcanic rocks of Rabaul and Talasea, New Britain: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 92, no. 11, p. 858-863, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<858:REGOTI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"858","endPage":"863","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":342690,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594a342be4b062508e36af6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arth, Joseph G.","contributorId":104546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arth","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70210000,"text":"70210000 - 1981 - Origin of organic-carbon-rich mid-Cretaceous limestones, Mid-Pacific Mountains and southern Hess Rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-08T16:30:48.578294","indexId":"70210000","displayToPublicDate":"1981-05-08T11:16:12","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1997,"text":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of organic-carbon-rich mid-Cretaceous limestones, Mid-Pacific Mountains and southern Hess Rise","docAbstract":"<p>Limestones of mid-Cretaceous age containing as much as 8.6 percent organic carbon were cored at one site (463) in the Mid-Pacific Mountains and at two sites (465, 466) on southern Hess Rise, central North Pacific Ocean, during Leg 62 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. In the Mid-Pacific Mountains, three layers containing more than 2% organic carbon are associated with volcanic ash in silicified limestone of early Aptian age (—112-113 m.y. old), a time when the site was south of the equator and considerably shallower than at present (2525 m). The beds of laminated, organiccarbon-rich limestone, implying deposition in an oxygen-deficient environment, are interbedded with normal pelagic limestones. This sequence lies on interbedded pelagic limestones and clastic limestones containing locally derived shallow-water carbonate debris, and it is overlain by interbedded green, gray, and pink limestones. The organic-carbonrich strata on southern Hess Rise are dark-olive, laminated limestones with rare interbeds of altered volcanic ash of the late Aptian to early Cenomanian ( — 98 to 103 m.y. old), a time when the site was passing under the equatorial highproductivity zone and subsiding from shallow to intermediate water depths. The organic-carbon-rich limestone sequence overlies volcanic basement (trachyte) in this part of Hess Rise. The association of volcanogenic sediments with organic-carbon-rich strata on Hess Rise is not as striking as in the Mid-Pacific Mountains, but the occurrences do suggest a coincidence of mid-plate volcanic activity and accumulation of organic matter at intermediate water depths in the tropical North Pacific Ocean during the mid-Cretaceous. Pyrolysis assays indicate that most of the organic matter in the limestone on Hess Rise is composed of lipid-rich kerogen derived from marine organisms. Limestones from the Mid-Pacific Mountains contain lower concentrations of organic matter.</p><p>Pyrolysis assays and extractable hydrocarbons indicate that the organic matter in samples from Hole 463 is also predominantly of marine origin, and that contributions of terrigenous organic matter were probably minor. Analyses of stable carbon isotopes indicate that the organic carbon in all analyzed samples is isotopically light (δ13C 24 to - 29‰) relative to most modern marine organic carbon (δ13C - 9 to - 30%), and that the lightest carbon (δ13C 28 to - 29‰) is also the most lipid-rich. </p><p>The organic-carbon-rich mid-Cretaceous limestones on Hess Rise, the Mid-Pacific Mountains, and other elevated plateaus and seamounts in the Pacific Ocean are approximately equivalent in age (mid-Cretaceous, -85-120 m.y.) to organic-carbon-rich lithofacies elsewhere in the world ocean, particularly in the Atlantic Ocean and parts of the Indian Ocean. However, strata of equivalent age deposited in the Pacific Ocean at greater depths do not contain any carbon rich horizons. This observation, together with the evidence that the plateau sites were considerably shallower and close to the equator during the mid-Cretaceous, suggests that an expanded mid-water oxygen minimum, together with local restrictions in circulation, may have resulted in the preservation of organic matter in an oxygen-deficient environment where the oxygen minimum impinged on elevated platforms such as Hess Rise and the Mid-Pacific Mountains. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.62.144.1981","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., Claypool, G., and Thiede, J., 1981, Origin of organic-carbon-rich mid-Cretaceous limestones, Mid-Pacific Mountains and southern Hess Rise: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 62, p. 877-890, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.62.144.1981.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"877","endPage":"890","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.62.144.1981","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":374577,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mid Pacific Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -175.4296875,\n              9.102096738726456\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.1484375,\n              9.102096738726456\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.1484375,\n              40.97989806962013\n            ],\n            [\n              -175.4296875,\n              40.97989806962013\n            ],\n            [\n              -175.4296875,\n              9.102096738726456\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"62","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Claypool, George E.","contributorId":8475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claypool","given":"George E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thiede, Jorn","contributorId":88085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thiede","given":"Jorn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011807,"text":"70011807 - 1981 - Petrogenesis of garnet two-mica granites in the Ruby Mountains, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T16:11:07.128286","indexId":"70011807","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrogenesis of garnet two-mica granites in the Ruby Mountains, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p><span>Garnet-two-mica granites of Jurassic (160 ± 3 m.y.) and Cretaceous (83 ± 1.3 m.y.) ages intrude amphibolite facies metasedimentary rocks of Precambrian age and lower Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the northern part of the Ruby Mountains, Nevada. High initial&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr and high values of δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O for minerals suggest a dominantly sedimentary source for the magmas. Total rare-earth contents are low and less fractionated (Ce</span><sub>N</sub><span>/Yb</span><sub>N</sub><span>&nbsp;= 10) than granitic rocks of similar composition in the Sierra Nevada and show a negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.57). These data are consistent with melting in the stability field of plagioclase with little contribution to the melt from refractory minerals such as zircon, sphene, and apatite. Minor euhedral garnets are manganese-rich and magnesium-poor (al</span><sub>60</sub><span>sp</span><sub>34</sub><span>py</span><sub>3.6</sub><span>gr</span><sub>2.8</sub><span>) compared to garnet (al</span><sub>79</sub><span>sp</span><sub>6</sub><span>py</span><sub>13</sub><span>gr</span><sub>2</sub><span>) in the intruded metamorphic rocks and show an increase in manganese and a decrease in calcium in the outer few microns. Fractionation of magnesium-iron between garnet and biotite, and of sodium-potassium between K-feldspar and plagioclase in the granites suggest submagmatic equilibration temperatures, in the range of 365° to 505°C, whereas oxygen isotope equilibration temperatures for two granites are higher at 480° and 570°C. The compositions of the granites plot near minimum melting compositions in the water-saturated quartz-albite-orthoclase system. Comparison of muscovite plus quartz stability, the water-saturated granite solidus, and experimental garnet-melt equilibria suggests pressures of crystallization no lower than about 3.5 kbar. This pressure is compatible with that estimated from garnet-plagioclase-sillimanite-quartz equilibria for the intruded metasedimentary rocks.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB086iB11p10591","usgsCitation":"Kistler, R.W., Ghent, E.D., and O’Neil, J.R., 1981, Petrogenesis of garnet two-mica granites in the Ruby Mountains, Nevada: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 86, no. B11, p. 10591-10606, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB11p10591.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"10591","endPage":"10606","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221062,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Ruby Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.75,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.75,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -115,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -115,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.75,\n              41\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7780e4b0c8380cd784f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":36112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ghent, E. D.","contributorId":90037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ghent","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011932,"text":"70011932 - 1981 - Minor and trace element geochemistry of volcanic rocks dredged from the Galapagos spreading center: Role of crystal fractionation and mantle heterogeneity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T16:01:57.636035","indexId":"70011932","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Minor and trace element geochemistry of volcanic rocks dredged from the Galapagos spreading center: Role of crystal fractionation and mantle heterogeneity","docAbstract":"<p><span>A wide range of rock types (abyssal tholeiite, Fe-Ti-rich basalt, andesite, and rhyodacite) were dredged from near 95°W and 85°W on the Galapagos spreading center. Computer modeling of major element compositions has shown that these rocks could be derived from common parental magmas by successive degrees of fractional crystallization. However, the P</span><sub>2</sub><span>O</span><sub>5</sub><span>/K</span><sub>2</sub><span>O ratio averages 0.83 at 95°W and 1.66 at 85°W and implies distinct mantle source compositions for the two areas. These source regions also have different rare earth element (REE) abundance patterns, with [La/Sm]</span><sub>EF</sub><span>&nbsp;= 0.67 at 95°W and 0.46 at 85°W. The sequence of fractionated lavas differs for the two areas and indicates earlier fractionation of apatite and titanomagnetite in the lavas from 95°W. The mantle source regions for these two areas are interpreted to be depleted in incompatible (and volatile?) elements, although the source region beneath 95°W is less severely depleted in La and K. Incompatible trace element abundances in 26 samples are used to infer that the range of Fe-Ti-rich basalt from 85°W represents 19 to 35% residual liquid following crystal fractionation of a mineral assemblage of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and lesser olivine. The most highly differentiated samples have also had less than 1% titanomagnetite removed. Most samples from 85°W can be related to a common parental magma that contained approximately 9 wt % FeO*, 1 wt % TiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, and had an Mg number (Mg# = 100 Mg/(Mg + Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>)) of about 65. Although the samples from 95°W cannot all be derived from a common parental magma, the inferred parental magmas may have been derived by varying degrees of partial melting of a common source. The fractionation sequence consists of two parts: an initial iron enrichment trend followed by a silica enrichment trend. We interpret the trace element data to indicate that the most iron rich lavas represent about 32% residual liquid derived by crystal fractionation of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and lesser olivine from a parental magma with an Mg number of about 66. The silica enrichment trend results from crystallization of titanomagnetite and some apatite. Fractionation of pigeonite, which is a minor phase in the major element models, cannot be distinguished from clinopyroxene fractionation by using trace elements.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB086iB10p09469","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Clague, D., Frey, F., Thompson, G., and Rindge, S., 1981, Minor and trace element geochemistry of volcanic rocks dredged from the Galapagos spreading center: Role of crystal fractionation and mantle heterogeneity: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 86, no. B10, p. 9469-9482, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB10p09469.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"9469","endPage":"9482","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221005,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b1fe4b0c8380cd6f340","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frey, F.A.","contributorId":12618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frey","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, G.","contributorId":55958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rindge, S.","contributorId":55959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rindge","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70011884,"text":"70011884 - 1981 - Trace elemental analysis of bituminuos coals using the Heidelberg proton microprobe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T19:55:01","indexId":"70011884","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2906,"text":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace elemental analysis of bituminuos coals using the Heidelberg proton microprobe","docAbstract":"Trace elements in coal can occur as components of either the organic constituents (macerals) or the inorganic constituents (minerals). Studies of the concentrations and distribution of the trace elements are vital to understanding the geochemical millieu in which the coal was formed and in evaluating the attempts to recover rare but technologically valuable metals. In addition, information on the trace element concentrations is important in predicting the environmental impact of burning particular coals, as many countries move toward greater utilization of coal reserves for energy production. Traditionally, the optical and the electron microscopes and more recently the electron microprobe have been used in studying the components of coal. The proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) microprobe offers a new complementary approach with an order of magnitude or more better minimum detection limit. We present the first measurements with a PIXE microprobe of the trace element concentrations of bituminous coal samples. Elemental analyses of the coal macerals-vitrinite, exinite, and inertinite-are discussed for three coal samples from the Eastern U.S.A., three samples from the Western U.S.A., and one sample from the Peoples Republic of China. ?? 1981.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0029-554X(81)90598-X","issn":"0029554X","usgsCitation":"Chen, J., Kneis, H., Martin, B., Nobiling, R., Traxel, K., Chao, E.C., and Minkin, J., 1981, Trace elemental analysis of bituminuos coals using the Heidelberg proton microprobe: Nuclear Instruments and Methods, v. 181, no. 1-3, p. 151-157, https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-554X(81)90598-X.","startPage":"151","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268856,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-554X(81)90598-X"}],"volume":"181","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb63ee4b08c986b326b62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, J.R.","contributorId":98468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kneis, H.","contributorId":37897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kneis","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, B.","contributorId":49517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nobiling, R.","contributorId":77663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nobiling","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Traxel, K.","contributorId":20073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Traxel","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chao, E. C. T.","contributorId":96713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Minkin, J.A.","contributorId":38588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minkin","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70012165,"text":"70012165 - 1981 - Clay mineralogy of weathering profiles from the Carolina Piedmont.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:45","indexId":"70012165","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clay mineralogy of weathering profiles from the Carolina Piedmont.","docAbstract":"Saprolite profiles (12) that formed over various crystalline rocks from the Charlotte 1o X 2o quadrangle showed overall similarity in their clay mineralogy to depths of 6 to 45 m indicating control by weathering processes rather than by rock type. Most saprolite contained 10-25% clay, and ranged 3 to 70%. Kaolinite and halloysite composed = or >75% of the clay fraction of most samples. The ratio kaolinite:halloysite ranged widely, from 95% kaolinite to 90% halloysite, independent of depth. Clay-size mica was present in all profiles, and ranged 5-75% over a sericite schist. Mixed-layer mica-smectite and mica-vermiculite were subordinate; discrete smectite and vermiculite were rare. The abundance of halloysite indicates a continuously humid environment since the time of profile formation, because of the rapidity with which halloysite dehydrates irreversibly. -R.S.M.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Loferski, P., 1981, Clay mineralogy of weathering profiles from the Carolina Piedmont.: Southeastern Geology, v. 22, no. 4, p. 193-202.","startPage":"193","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f639e4b0c8380cd4c61a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loferski, P. J.","contributorId":12841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loferski","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012104,"text":"70012104 - 1981 - Jasperoid float and stream cobbles as tools in geochemical exploration for hydrothermal ore deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-09T16:24:26.983421","indexId":"70012104","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Jasperoid float and stream cobbles as tools in geochemical exploration for hydrothermal ore deposits","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fragments of silicified rocks that are associated with deposits of base and precious metals may be transported as cobbles and pebbles in alluvium far downstream from the source outcrop. These rocks commonly exhibit certain characteristics which distinguish them from other detrital siliceous material, and may thus serve as a useful tool in reconnaissance geochemical exploration.</span></p><p><span>The predominant characteristics of jasperoid samples, classified according to genesis, type of host rock, and proximity to base and precious metal deposits have been tabulated from a large master file containing descriptive and analytical information on jasperoid samples representing more than a hundred areas in the United States.</span></p><p><span>Jasperoid that is genetically and spatially associated with ore deposits is generally dark gray or brown in color, brecciated, phaneritic, and vuggy. Jasperoids associated with lead and zinc deposits exhibit extensive halos of lead and silver anomalies, and more restricted zinc and gold anomalies. Those related to copper deposits show extensive copper, silver, and gold anomalies, and more restricted bismuth and molybdenum anomalies. Jasperoid related to gold deposits tends to exhibit extensive gold and silver anomalies and more restricted titanium, barium, vanadium, molybdenum, and rare-earth element anomalies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(81)90104-7","usgsCitation":"Lovering, T., 1981, Jasperoid float and stream cobbles as tools in geochemical exploration for hydrothermal ore deposits: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 14, p. 69-81, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(81)90104-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"81","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221868,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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States\"}}]}","volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fe9e4b0c8380cd6490a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovering, T.G.","contributorId":55014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovering","given":"T.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012018,"text":"70012018 - 1981 - Sm-Nd systematics of a tonalitic augen gneiss and its constituent minerals from northern Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-18T14:00:26.881376","indexId":"70012018","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sm-Nd systematics of a tonalitic augen gneiss and its constituent minerals from northern Michigan","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Sm-Nd isotopic system of a tonalitic augen gneiss and its constituent minerals from northern Michigan was disturbed during metamorphism. Sm-Nd zircon ages are lower than the wholerock Sm-Nd model age. However, closely associated pairs of minerals (for example, sphene and biotite or apatite and plagioclase) retain their apparent metamorphic ages. The Sm-Nd model age for the tonalitic augen gneiss of 3919 ± 30</span><i>myr</i><span>, appears to reflect open system behavior during metamorphism. A mineralogically different gneiss from the same location has a Sm-Nd model age of 3520 ± 70&nbsp;</span><i>myr</i><span>. The two whole rocks differ in their Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr systematics and in their chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns. The whole-rock-normalized mineral REE patterns show the contribution of the major and trace minerals to the REE content of the whole rock. The trace minerals contain a significant amount of the total REE.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(81)90148-4","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Futa, K., 1981, Sm-Nd systematics of a tonalitic augen gneiss and its constituent minerals from northern Michigan: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 45, no. 7, p. 1245-1249, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(81)90148-4.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1245","endPage":"1249","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222287,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b917ce4b08c986b319925","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Futa, K.","contributorId":26435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Futa","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011920,"text":"70011920 - 1981 - Late Cenzoic rhyolites from the Kern Plateau, southern Sierra Nevada, California.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T11:14:05","indexId":"70011920","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cenzoic rhyolites from the Kern Plateau, southern Sierra Nevada, California.","docAbstract":"<p>Four late Cenozoic rhyolite domes lie atop the Kern Plateau, 30 to 40km S-SE of Mount Whitney. K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating shows that Monache, Templeton, and Little Templeton Mountains are all about 2.4Ma old; a small dome nearby is approx 0.2Ma old. The three older rhyolites have SiO2 = 73-74% and have steep, fractionated rare earth element (REE) patterns; the youngest has SiO2 = 76% and a concave-upward REE pattern with a large negative Eu anomaly, Monache rhyolite contains the unusual phenocryst assemblage almandine + fayalite + biotite + oligoclase. The 2.4Ma old rocks may be nearly unmodified partial melts of crustal sources, whereas the 0.2Ma old rhyolite may be a product of relatively shallow differentiation. The rhyolites and nearby basalts are coeval with mafic and silicic volcanic rocks in the Coso Range about 40km to the SE. Their generation and eruption may reflect intense tectonic extension at the margin of the Basin and Range province and concomitant relaxation of compressive stress in a W- NW direction, allowing melts to reach the surface in the adjacent Sierra Nevada.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.281.1.1","issn":"00029599","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C., and Duffield, W.A., 1981, Late Cenzoic rhyolites from the Kern Plateau, southern Sierra Nevada, California.: American Journal of Science, v. 281, no. 1, p. 1-34, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.281.1.1.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480572,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.281.1.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":220798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Kern Plateau","volume":"281","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44d1e4b0c8380cd66df1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":362287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duffield, W. A.","contributorId":71935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000391,"text":"1000391 - 1981 - Allelic variability in species and stocks of Lake Superior ciscoes (Coregoninae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-04T14:52:48","indexId":"1000391","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Allelic variability in species and stocks of Lake Superior ciscoes (Coregoninae)","docAbstract":"Starch gel electrophoresis was used as a means of recognizing species and stocks in Lake Superior <i>Coregonus</i>. Allelic variability at isocitrate dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase loci was recorded for samples of lake herring (<i>Coregonus artedii</i>), bloater (<i>C. hoyi</i>), kiyi (<i>C. kiyi</i>), and shortjaw cisco (<i>C. zenithicus</i>) from five Lake Superior localities. The observed frequencies of genotypes within each subsample did not differ significantly from those expected on the basis of random mating, and suggested that each subsample represented either a random sample from a larger randomly mating population or an independent and isolated subpopulation within which mating was random. Significant contingency X<sup>2</sup> values for comparisons between both localities and species suggested that more than one randomly mating population occurred among the Lake Superior ciscoes, but did not reveal how many such populations there were. In contrast to the genetic results of this study, morphology seems to be a better descriptor of cisco stocks, and identification of cisco stocks and species will still have to be based on morphological criteria until more data are forthcoming. Where several species are sympatric, management should strive to preserve the least abundant. Failure to do so could result in the extinction or depletion of the rarer forms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Ontario","doi":"10.1139/f81-227","usgsCitation":"Todd, T.N., 1981, Allelic variability in species and stocks of Lake Superior ciscoes (Coregoninae): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 38, no. 12, p. 1808-1813, https://doi.org/10.1139/f81-227.","productDescription":"p. 1808-1813","startPage":"1808","endPage":"1813","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266958,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f81-227"}],"volume":"38","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687e9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, Thomas N.","contributorId":42547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011942,"text":"70011942 - 1981 - The origin of the Cerro Prieto geothermal brine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T18:27:49.672914","indexId":"70011942","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The origin of the Cerro Prieto geothermal brine","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Cerro Prieto geothermal brine may have originated from mixing of Colorado River water with seawater evaporated to about six times its normal salinity. This mixture circulated deeply and was heated by magmatic processes. During deep circulation, Li, K, Ca, B, SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and rare alkalis were transferred from rock minerals to the water, and Mg, SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>, and a minor quantity of Na were transferred to the rock. Similar alteration of seawater salt chemistry has been observed in coastal geothermal systems and produced in laboratory experiments. After heating and alteration the brine was further diluted to its present range of composition. Oxygen isotopes in the fluid are in equilibrium with reservoir calcite and have been affected by exploitation-induced boiling and dilution.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(81)90006-7","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Truesdell, A., Thompson, J., Coplen, T., Nehring, N., and Janik, C.J., 1981, The origin of the Cerro Prieto geothermal brine: Geothermics, v. 10, no. 3-4, p. 225-238, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(81)90006-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"238","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221141,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae70e4b08c986b3240d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truesdell, A.H.","contributorId":52566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address:  TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":362360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, J. M.","contributorId":77142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nehring, N.L.","contributorId":21157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nehring","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Janik, C. J.","contributorId":10795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70011992,"text":"70011992 - 1981 - Measurement and computation of bed-material discharge in a shallow sand-bed stream, Muddy Creek, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T12:33:30","indexId":"70011992","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement and computation of bed-material discharge in a shallow sand-bed stream, Muddy Creek, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p><span>Both the measurement and computation of the bed-material discharge of a stream involve large uncertainties because of the difficulties in determining bedload discharge. Measurements of bedload discharge are rare and frequently of unknown accuracy because no bedload sampler has been extensively tested and calibrated over a wide range of hydraulic conditions. Bed-material discharge equations have been derived primarily from laboratory flume data where the effects of channel pattern, alluvial banks, sediment availability, sediment sorting, and unsteady flow upon the sediment discharge of a natural stream have not been simulated. Bed-material discharge equations generally are applicable only within the range of flow conditions and sediment sizes for which the equations were derived. To compare the relative value of measuring versus computing bed-material discharges, the bed-material discharge of Muddy Creek, a shallow sand-bed stream in southwestern Wyoming, was determined on 35 occasions for water discharges ranging from 0.15 to 1.57 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s by separately sampling the suspended- and bedload-sediment discharges. Measured bed-material discharges were statistically indistinguishable, at an 0.02 level of significance, from flume data collected under the same flow conditions. This agreement indicates that the measured bed-material discharges are reasonable estimates of the true values. Bed-material discharges computed by Engelund-Hansen, Yang, Shen-Hung, and Ackers-White equations were compared with the measured values and found to be in good agreement. These equations predicted bed-material discharges of between 0.5 to 2 times the observed rates 60% to 79% of the time.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR017i001p00131","usgsCitation":"Andrews, E., 1981, Measurement and computation of bed-material discharge in a shallow sand-bed stream, Muddy Creek, Wyoming: Water Resources Research, v. 17, no. 1, p. 131-141, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR017i001p00131.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"141","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Muddy Creek","volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a52e8e4b0c8380cd6c757","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, E.D.","contributorId":13922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70162236,"text":"70162236 - 1980 -  Observations of wing-feather molt and summer feeding ecology of Steller's Eiders at Nelson Lagoon, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:53:53","indexId":"70162236","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Observations of wing-feather molt and summer feeding ecology of Steller's Eiders at Nelson Lagoon, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>The population size, moult chronology, food habits, and feeding behaviour of Steller's Eiders <i>Polysticta stelleri</i> were studied at Nelson Lagoon, Alaska from May to October 1977. Sub-adults were flightless from late July to late August and the adult males were flightless from late August to mid September. Adult females were rarely flightless at Nelson Lagoon but commonly flightless at Izembek Bay. Steller's Eiders ate primarily bivalve mollusca and amphipod crustacea, with <i>Mytilus edulis</i> and <i>Anisogammarus pugettensis</i> the most important foods. Eiders took amphipoda prior to the wing-feather moult, bivalves during the wing-feather moult, and both types of invertebrates after the wing-feather moult. Steller's Eiders fed primarily at the low tide by diving (flock-feeding) or head-dipping, both during the day and at night. There was no difference in feeding behaviour between ages or sexes. Eiders fed almost exclusively by diving after the wing-feather moult and apparently fed more as the season progressed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., 1980,  Observations of wing-feather molt and summer feeding ecology of Steller's Eiders at Nelson Lagoon, Alaska: Wildfowl, v. 31, p. 99-106.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"106","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314474,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/613"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nelson Lagoon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -161.45919799804688,\n              55.90072605779239\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.45919799804688,\n              56.083531295736364\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.75195312499997,\n              56.083531295736364\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.75195312499997,\n              55.90072605779239\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.45919799804688,\n              55.90072605779239\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569f6c3fe4b0961cf27fd18a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":15277,"text":"ofr80821 - 1980 - Uranium, rare-earth and thorium mineralization at the Hope Mine, eastern Bristol Mountains, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:00","indexId":"ofr80821","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-821","title":"Uranium, rare-earth and thorium mineralization at the Hope Mine, eastern Bristol Mountains, San Bernardino County, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr80821","usgsCitation":"Otton, J.K., Glanzman, R.K., and Brenner-Tourtelot, E.F., 1980, Uranium, rare-earth and thorium mineralization at the Hope Mine, eastern Bristol Mountains, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-821, i, 20 p.  ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80821.","productDescription":"i, 20 p.  ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0821/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44207,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0821/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605388","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":170871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glanzman, Richard K.","contributorId":19550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glanzman","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brenner-Tourtelot, Elizabeth F.","contributorId":103672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenner-Tourtelot","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":25024,"text":"pp1064B - 1980 - Composition and properties of the Pierre Shale and equivalent rocks, northern Great Plains region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-09T06:54:51","indexId":"pp1064B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1064","chapter":"B","title":"Composition and properties of the Pierre Shale and equivalent rocks, northern Great Plains region","docAbstract":"The Pierre Shale and equivalent rocks of Late Cretaceous age consist in the east-central Dakotas of several hundred feet of offshore-marine shale and minor marl; in west-central Montana near the sediment source the equivalents of the Pierre Shale consist of several thousand feet of volcanic-rich and mostly nonmarine sediments; and in the area between, both types of rock are separated by tongues of nearshore-marine siltstone and sandstone that mark three major transgressions of the sea across the area. The major-, minor-, and trace-element composition was determined for 226 samples of these rocks, and the mineralogical composition was determined for 1,350 samples. Slurry pH, Atterberg limits, and grain and bulk densities were determined on some samples. \r\n\r\nThe arithmetic mean, in percent, and standard deviation (in parentheses) of major and minor elements, mostly in shale and siltstone and excluding the 23 chemically analyzed bentonite samples, are as follows: \r\n\r\nSiO2 60.8 (7.9)\r\nAl2O3 14.4 (2.5)\r\nFe2O3 3.4 (1.4)\r\nFeO 1.1 (1.2)\r\nMgO 2.2 (1.0)\r\nCaO 2.7 (0.48)\r\nNa2O 1.1 (0.56)\r\nK2O 2.4 (0.57)\r\nH2O- 3.2 (1.3)\r\nH2O+ 4.3 (1.2)\r\nTiO2 0.58 (0.12)\r\nP2O5 0.14 (0.073)\r\nS 0.37 (1.1)\r\nF 0.71 (0.15)\r\nCl 0.16 (0.024)\r\nCO2 2.1 (7.0)\r\nC, organic 0.94 (1.8)\r\n\r\nThe mean and standard deviation of minerals as determined by X-ray methods, excluding bentonite samples, is as follows: clay minerals, 53 (20); quartz, 24 (13); cristobalite, 1 (5); potassium-feldspar, 1 (2); plagioclase, 6 (7); anorthite content from 20 to 40 percent; calcite, 5 (14); dolomite, 4 (7); organic matter, 1 (2); and sparsely scattered gypsum, jarosite, pyrite, zeolites, augite, siderite, and probably minor amounts of hydrated iron-manganese (Fe-Mn) oxides. The mean and standard deviation of the clay-mineral fraction is as follows: mixed-layer illite-smectite, 70 (20); illite, 16 (9); chlorite, 3 (6); and kaolinite, 9 (13). The mixed-layer clay, except in the Montana disturbed belt, is a random interlayering of 20 to 60 percent illite-type layers, about 35 percent beidelite-type layers, and the remainder montmorillonite-type layers; chlorite or vermiculite layers are rare. \r\n\r\nMost bentonite differs from shale in its small quartz content, rarely more than a few percent, in the more calcic composition and hightemperature thermal state of its plagioclase, and in its rare kaolinite, near absence of chlorite, and lack of illite-either free or mixed layered with smectite. Bentonite commonly consists of more than 90 percent smectite in which montmorillonite is interlayered with a smaller amount of beidellite. \r\n\r\nThe clay-mineral composition of marine rock, including proportions of layers in the dominant illite-smectite, averages about the same as in the nonmarine rock, though in the latter the composition is more variable. The average content of major chemical constituents also is closely similar, partly because the large clay content of fine-grained offshore-marine shale is balanced by the small clay content of nearshore-marine siltstone and sandstone. In addition, the alumina and alkalic elements in an average of 10 percent more clay in marine rock are partly balanced by these constituents in the 5 percent more feldspar in nonmarine rock. Much of the observed regional and stratigraphic variation in maj or constituents is the result of the three major east-west migrations of the depositional sites of nearshore-marine sandstone and siltstone. Dolomite is found almost exclusively in relatively coarse-grained rock, particularly in nearshore-marine siltstone where diagenetic dolomite is expected, but it is found almost as frequently in nonmarine siltstone. Amounts of minor constituents are nearly equal in marine and nonmarine rocks, except that pyrite and consequently sulfur are relatively sparse in nonmarine rock. Average amounts of organic matter found in marine and nonmarine rocks are nearly identical. 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,{"id":60560,"text":"mf1214A - 1980 - Geologic map of the Baker-Cypress BLM Roadless Area and Timbered Crater RARE II Areas, Modoc, Shasta, and Siskiyou counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:18","indexId":"mf1214A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1214","chapter":"A","title":"Geologic map of the Baker-Cypress BLM Roadless Area and Timbered Crater RARE II Areas, Modoc, Shasta, and Siskiyou counties, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf1214A","usgsCitation":"Peterson, J., and Martin, L., 1980, Geologic map of the Baker-Cypress BLM Roadless Area and Timbered Crater RARE II Areas, Modoc, Shasta, and Siskiyou counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1214, 1 map ;30 x 31 cm. on sheet 84 x 71 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1214A.","productDescription":"1 map ;30 x 31 cm. on sheet 84 x 71 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":105576,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6645.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"6645"},{"id":182690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"62500","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.5,41.083333333333336 ], [ -121.5,41.25 ], [ -121.33333333333333,41.25 ], [ -121.33333333333333,41.083333333333336 ], [ -121.5,41.083333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0fe4b07f02db6a03ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, J.A.","contributorId":76308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, L.M.","contributorId":19224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":60602,"text":"mf1192B - 1980 - Interpretation of an aerial radiometric and magnetic survey of the Salmo-Priest study area (RARE E6-981 A1-981), Pend Oreille County, Washington and Boundary County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T12:05:13","indexId":"mf1192B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1192","chapter":"B","title":"Interpretation of an aerial radiometric and magnetic survey of the Salmo-Priest study area (RARE E6-981 A1-981), Pend Oreille County, Washington and Boundary County, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>An aerial radiometric and magnetic survey of the Salmo-Priest study area (RARE E6-981) (index map) was made by the U.S. Geological Survey during October, 1978.&nbsp; Geophysical data from the survey will be used in the assessment of the mineral-resource potential of the study area.&nbsp; The Salmo-Priest area is located in northeastern Washington and northern Idaho and the north edge is the United States-Canadian boundary.&nbsp; This report presents the data obtained by the survey and an interpretation of the data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1192B","usgsCitation":"Pitkin, J.A., and Duval, J.S., 1980, Interpretation of an aerial radiometric and magnetic survey of the Salmo-Priest study area (RARE E6-981 A1-981), Pend Oreille County, Washington and Boundary County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1192, 4 Plates: 55.90 x 42.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1192B.","productDescription":"4 Plates: 55.90 x 42.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":358090,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1192-B/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":182939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1192-B/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":358092,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1192-B/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":358091,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1192-B/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":358093,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1192-B/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Washington","county":"Boundary County, Pend Oreille County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.4,\n              48.8333\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.4,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.9,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.9,\n              48.8333\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.4,\n              48.8333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e0657","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pitkin, James A.","contributorId":96651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitkin","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duval, Joseph S.","contributorId":22314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duval","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23980,"text":"ofr80918 - 1980 - Analysis of the heavy-mineral fraction of drainage sediments, Domeland Wilderness and adjacent RARE II study areas, Kern and Tulare counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:10","indexId":"ofr80918","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-918","title":"Analysis of the heavy-mineral fraction of drainage sediments, Domeland Wilderness and adjacent RARE II study areas, Kern and Tulare counties, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr80918","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Motooka, J.M., McHugh, J., and Miller, W.R., 1980, Analysis of the heavy-mineral fraction of drainage sediments, Domeland Wilderness and adjacent RARE II study areas, Kern and Tulare counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-918, i, 31 p.  ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80918.","productDescription":"i, 31 p.  ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db680131","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Motooka, J. M.","contributorId":8834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"J.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McHugh, John B.","contributorId":64651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, W. R.","contributorId":92239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":24779,"text":"ofr80989 - 1980 - Mineral resource potential of the Pine Creek (RARE II) area, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:11","indexId":"ofr80989","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-989","title":"Mineral resource potential of the Pine Creek (RARE II) area, Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr80989","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Walker, G.W., 1980, Mineral resource potential of the Pine Creek (RARE II) area, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-989, i,10 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80989.","productDescription":"i,10 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b09e4b07f02db69c116","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, George Walton","contributorId":14801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Walton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":46719,"text":"ofr80720 - 1980 - Geochemical analyses of stream sediments of the Middle Mountain-Tobacco Root further planning area (RARE II), Madison County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T19:28:40.520656","indexId":"ofr80720","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-720","title":"Geochemical analyses of stream sediments of the Middle Mountain-Tobacco Root further planning area (RARE II), Madison County, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80720","usgsCitation":"O’Neill, J.M., Siems, D.F., Welsch, E.P., and Speckman, W.S., 1980, Geochemical analyses of stream sediments of the Middle Mountain-Tobacco Root further planning area (RARE II), Madison County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-720, Report: i, 25 p.; 1 Plate: 33.53 × 26.35 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80720.","productDescription":"Report: i, 25 p.; 1 Plate: 33.53 × 26.35 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404701,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11747.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":83630,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0720/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":83629,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0720/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0720/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Madison County","otherGeospatial":"Middle Mountain-Tobacco Root further planning area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.25,\n              45.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.983,\n              45.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.983,\n              45.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.25,\n              45.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.25,\n              45.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae8aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neill, J. Michael jmoneill@usgs.gov","contributorId":99522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"J.","email":"jmoneill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Siems, David F.","contributorId":100835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siems","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Welsch, Eric P.","contributorId":13981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsch","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Speckman, Wendy S.","contributorId":63015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speckman","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":61122,"text":"mf1237 - 1980 - Maps showing geology and geochemical sample localities, Pine Creek (RARE II) area, Harney County, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:49","indexId":"mf1237","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1237","title":"Maps showing geology and geochemical sample localities, Pine Creek (RARE II) area, Harney County, Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf1237","usgsCitation":"Walker, G.W., 1980, Maps showing geology and geochemical sample localities, Pine Creek (RARE II) area, Harney County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1237, 2 maps ;32 x 25 cm. on sheet 56 x 94 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1237.","productDescription":"2 maps ;32 x 25 cm. on sheet 56 x 94 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":105593,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6679.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"6679"},{"id":186728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.75,43.75 ], [ -118.75,43.833333333333336 ], [ -118.66666666666667,43.833333333333336 ], [ -118.66666666666667,43.75 ], [ -118.75,43.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6058b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, G. W.","contributorId":92661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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