{"pageNumber":"151","pageRowStart":"3750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10951,"records":[{"id":70047848,"text":"sir20135148 - 2013 - Analysis and inundation mapping of the April-May 2011 flood at selected locations in northern and eastern Arkansas and southern Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-27T15:32:05","indexId":"sir20135148","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-27T15:21:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5148","title":"Analysis and inundation mapping of the April-May 2011 flood at selected locations in northern and eastern Arkansas and southern Missouri","docAbstract":"Precipitation that fell from April 19 through May 3, 2011, resulted in widespread flooding across northern and eastern Arkansas and southern Missouri. The first storm produced a total of approximately 16 inches of precipitation over an 8-day period, and the following storms produced as much as 12 inches of precipitation over a 2-day period. Moderate to major flooding occurred quickly along many streams within Arkansas and Missouri (including the Black, Cache, Illinois, St. Francis, and White Rivers) at levels that had not been seen since the historic 1927 floods. The 2011 flood claimed an estimated 21 lives in Arkansas and Missouri, and damage caused by the flooding resulted in a Federal Disaster Declaration for 59 Arkansas counties that received Federal or State assistance. To further the goal of documenting and understanding floods, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers–Little Rock and Memphis Districts, and Arkansas Natural Resources Commission, conducted a study to summarize meteorological and hydrological conditions before the flood; computed flood-peak magnitudes for 39 streamgages; estimated annual exceedance probabilities for 37 of those streamgages; determined the joint probabilities for 11 streamgages paired to the Mississippi River at Helena, Arkansas, which refers to the probability that locations on two paired streams simultaneously experience floods of a magnitude greater than or equal to a given annual exceedance probability; collected high-water marks; constructed flood-peak inundation maps showing maximum flood extent and water depths; and summarized flood damages and effects.\n\nFor the period of record used in this report, peak-of-record stage occurred at 24 of the 39 streamgages, and peak-of-record streamflow occurred at 13 of the 30 streamgages where streamflow was determined. Annual exceedance probabilities were estimated to be less than 0.5 percent at three streamgages. The joint probability values for streamgages paired with the Mississippi River at Helena, Ark., streamgage indicate a low probability of concurrent flooding with the paired streamgages. The inundation maps show the flood-peak extent and water depth of flooding for two stream reaches on the White River and two on the Black River; the vicinities of the communities of Holly Grove and Cotton Plant, Ark.; a reach of the White River that includes the crossing of Interstate 40 north of De Valls Bluff, Ark.; and the Tailwaters of Beaver Dam near Eureka Springs, Ark., Table Rock Dam near Branson, Mo., and Bull Shoals Dam near Flippin, Ark. The data and inundation maps can be used for flood response, recovery, and planning efforts by Federal, State, and local agencies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135148","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers--Little Rock and Memphis Districts, and the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission","usgsCitation":"Westerman, D.A., Merriman, K., De Lanois, J.L., and Berenbrock, C., 2013, Analysis and inundation mapping of the April-May 2011 flood at selected locations in northern and eastern Arkansas and southern Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5148, Report: vii, 44 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135148.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 44 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-04-19","temporalEnd":"2011-05-03","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135148.PNG"},{"id":277051,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5148/"},{"id":277052,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5148/pdf/sir2013-5148.pdf"},{"id":277053,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5148/Downloads/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas;Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River Basin;St. Francis River Basin;White River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.6179,34.7823 ], [ -94.6179,37.2905 ], [ -89.6448,37.2905 ], [ -89.6448,34.7823 ], [ -94.6179,34.7823 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521dcbc6e4b051c878dc355d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westerman, Drew A. 0000-0002-8522-776X dawester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-776X","contributorId":4526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerman","given":"Drew","email":"dawester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merriman, Katherine R.","contributorId":34418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriman","given":"Katherine R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"De Lanois, Jeanne L. jdelanoi@usgs.gov","contributorId":4672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Lanois","given":"Jeanne","email":"jdelanoi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":483138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berenbrock, Charles","contributorId":30598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047808,"text":"ofr20131231 - 2013 - Coastal change from Hurricane Sandy and the 2012-13 winter storm season: Fire Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T13:24:14","indexId":"ofr20131231","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-27T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1231","title":"Coastal change from Hurricane Sandy and the 2012-13 winter storm season: Fire Island, New York","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) mounted a substantial effort in response to Hurricane Sandy including an assessment of the morphological impacts to the beach and dune system at Fire Island, New York. Field surveys of the beach and dunes collected just prior to and after landfall were used to quantify change in several focus areas. In order to quantify morphologic change along the length of the island, pre-storm (May 2012) and post-storm (November 2012) lidar and aerial photography were used to assess changes to the shoreline and beach, and to measure volumetric changes. The extent and thicknesses of overwash deposits were mapped in the field, and measurements were used to determine volume, distribution, and characteristics of the deposits.\n\nThe beaches and dunes on Fire Island were severely eroded during Hurricane Sandy, and the island breached in three locations on the eastern segment of the island. Landward shift of the upper portion of the beach averaged 19.7 meters (m) but varied substantially along the coast. Shoreline change was also highly variable, but the shoreline prograded during the storm by an average of 11.4 m, due to the deposition of material eroded from the upper beach and dunes onto the lower portion of the beach. The beaches and dunes lost 54.4 percent of their pre-storm volume, and the dunes experienced overwash along 46.6 percent of the island. The inland overwash deposits account for 14 percent of the volume lost from the beaches and dunes, indicating that the majority of material was moved offshore.\n\nIn the winter months following Hurricane Sandy, seven storm events with significant wave heights greater than four m were recorded at a wave buoy 30 nautical miles south of Fire Island. Monthly shoreline and profile surveys indicate that the beach continued to erode dramatically. The shoreline, which exhibited a progradational trend immediately after Sandy, eroded an average of 21.4 m between November 2012 and mid-March 2013, with a maximum landward shift of nearly 60 m. By March 2013 the elevation of the beach in the majority of the surveyed profiles was lowered below the mean high water level (0.46 m), and the beach lost an additional 18.9 percent of its remaining volume. In the final time period of the field surveys (March to April 2013), the beach began to show signs of rapid recovery, and in 90 percent of the profiles, the volume of the beach in April 2013 was similar to the volume measured immediately after Hurricane Sandy.\n\nOverall, Hurricane Sandy profoundly impacted the morphology of Fire Island and resulted in an extremely low elevation, low relief configuration that has left the barrier island vulnerable to future storms. The coastal system subsequently began to show signs of recovery, and although the beach is likely to experience continued recovery in the form of volume gains, the dunes will take years to rebuild. Events such as Sandy result in a coastal environment that is a more vulnerable to future storm impacts, but they are an important natural process of barrier islands that allow these systems to evolve in response to sea-level rise.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131231","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C.J., Brenner, O., Henderson, R., and Reynolds, B., 2013, Coastal change from Hurricane Sandy and the 2012-13 winter storm season: Fire Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1231, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131231.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-05-01","temporalEnd":"2012-11-30","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131231.gif"},{"id":277022,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1231/"},{"id":277027,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1231/pdf/ofr2013-1231.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Fire Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.306874,40.62042 ], [ -73.306874,40.779037 ], [ -72.727963,40.779037 ], [ -72.727963,40.62042 ], [ -73.306874,40.62042 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52722a8be4b0ce70249c9816","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl J. 0000-0002-2753-4075 chapke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-4075","contributorId":2981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","email":"chapke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":483011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brenner, Owen","contributorId":7987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenner","given":"Owen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henderson, Rachel E. 0000-0001-5810-7941 rhehre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-7941","contributorId":4934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Rachel E.","email":"rhehre@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reynolds, B.J.","contributorId":47874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047836,"text":"pp1799 - 2013 - Stratigraphy of lower to middle Paleozoic rocks of northern Nevada and the Antler orogeny","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:26:21","indexId":"pp1799","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-26T14:57:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1799","title":"Stratigraphy of lower to middle Paleozoic rocks of northern Nevada and the Antler orogeny","docAbstract":"Commonly accepted concepts concerning the lower Paleozoic stratigraphy of northern Nevada are based on the assumption that the deep-water aspects of Ordovician to Devonian siliceous strata are due to their origin in a distant oceanic environment, and their presence where we find them is due to tectonic emplacement by the Roberts Mountains thrust. The concept adopted here is based on the assumption that their deep-water aspects are the result of sea-level rise in the Cambrian, and all of the Paleozoic strata in northern Nevada are indigenous to that area. The lower part of the Cambrian consists mainly of shallow-water cross-bedded sands derived from the craton. The upper part of the Cambrian, and part of the Ordovician, consists mainly of deep-water carbonate clastics carried by turbidity currents from the carbonate shelf in eastern Nevada, newly constructed as a result of sea-level rise. Ordovician to mid-Devonian strata are relatively deep-water siliceous deposits, which are the western facies assemblage. The basal contact of this assemblage on autochthonous Cambrian rocks is exposed in three mountain ranges and is clearly depositional in all three. The western facies assemblage can be divided into distinct stratigraphic units of regional extent. Many stratigraphic details can be explained simply by known changes in sea level. Upper Devonian to Mississippian strata are locally and westerly derived orogenic clastic beds deposited disconformably on the western facies assemblage. This disconformity, clearly exposed in 10 mountain ranges, indicates regional uplift and erosion of the western facies assemblage and absence of local deformation. The disconformity represents the Antler orogeny.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1799","usgsCitation":"Ketner, K.B., 2013, Stratigraphy of lower to middle Paleozoic rocks of northern Nevada and the Antler orogeny: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1799, vi, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1799.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1799.gif"},{"id":277014,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1799/pdf/PP1799.pdf"},{"id":277013,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1799/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.9767,38.7369 ], [ -117.9767,41.9023 ], [ -115.0049,41.9023 ], [ -115.0049,38.7369 ], [ -117.9767,38.7369 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521c6adde4b01458f784290b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketner, Keith B.","contributorId":957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketner","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":483102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70043513,"text":"70043513 - 2013 - Time-lapse analysis of methane quantity in Mary Lee group of coal seams using filter-based multiple-point geostatistical simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-22T15:57:52","indexId":"70043513","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-22T15:49:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2701,"text":"Mathematical Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-lapse analysis of methane quantity in Mary Lee group of coal seams using filter-based multiple-point geostatistical simulation","docAbstract":"Coal seam degasification and its success are important for controlling methane, and thus for the health and safety of coal miners. During the course of degasification, properties of coal seams change. Thus, the changes in coal reservoir conditions and in-place gas content as well as methane emission potential into mines should be evaluated by examining time-dependent changes and the presence of major heterogeneities and geological discontinuities in the field. In this work, time-lapsed reservoir and fluid storage properties of the New Castle coal seam, Mary Lee/Blue Creek seam, and Jagger seam of Black Warrior Basin, Alabama, were determined from gas and water production history matching and production forecasting of vertical degasification wellbores. These properties were combined with isotherm and other important data to compute gas-in-place (GIP) and its change with time at borehole locations. Time-lapsed training images (TIs) of GIP and GIP difference corresponding to each coal and date were generated by using these point-wise data and Voronoi decomposition on the TI grid, which included faults as discontinuities for expansion of Voronoi regions. Filter-based multiple-point geostatistical simulations, which were preferred in this study due to anisotropies and discontinuities in the area, were used to predict time-lapsed GIP distributions within the study area. Performed simulations were used for mapping spatial time-lapsed methane quantities as well as their uncertainties within the study area.\nThe systematic approach presented in this paper is the first time in literature that history matching, TIs of GIPs and filter simulations are used for degasification performance evaluation and for assessing GIP for mining safety. Results from this study showed that using production history matching of coalbed methane wells to determine time-lapsed reservoir data could be used to compute spatial GIP and representative GIP TIs generated through Voronoi decomposition. Furthermore, performing filter simulations using point-wise data and TIs could be used to predict methane quantity in coal seams subjected to degasification. During the course of the study, it was shown that the material balance of gas produced by wellbores and the GIP reductions in coal seams predicted using filter simulations compared very well, showing the success of filter simulations for continuous variables in this case study. Quantitative results from filter simulations of GIP within the studied area briefly showed that GIP was reduced from an initial ∼73 Bcf (median) to ∼46 Bcf (2011), representing a 37 % decrease and varying spatially through degasification. It is forecasted that there will be an additional ∼2 Bcf reduction in methane quantity between 2011 and 2015. This study and presented results showed that the applied methodology and utilized techniques can be used to map GIP and its change within coal seams after degasification, which can further be used for ventilation design for methane control in coal mines.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11004-013-9474-1","usgsCitation":"Karacan, C., and Olea, R., 2013, Time-lapse analysis of methane quantity in Mary Lee group of coal seams using filter-based multiple-point geostatistical simulation: Mathematical Geosciences, v. 45, no. 6, p. 681-704, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11004-013-9474-1.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"681","endPage":"704","numberOfPages":"24","ipdsId":"IP-039496","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4503532","text":"External Repository"},{"id":276923,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276921,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11004-013-9474-1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Black Warrior Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.4731,31.8421 ], [ -88.4731,35.008 ], [ -85.9759,35.008 ], [ -85.9759,31.8421 ], [ -88.4731,31.8421 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"45","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521724dee4b043bae8d2e5c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karacan, C. Özgen 0000-0002-0947-8241","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-8241","contributorId":96571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karacan","given":"C. Özgen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":47873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047763,"text":"sir20135091 - 2013 - A deposit model for magmatic iron-titanium-oxide deposits related to Proterozoic massif anorthosite plutonic suites","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70047763,"text":"sir20135091 - 2013 - A deposit model for magmatic iron-titanium-oxide deposits related to Proterozoic massif anorthosite plutonic suites","indexId":"sir20135091","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"A deposit model for magmatic iron-titanium-oxide deposits related to Proterozoic massif anorthosite plutonic suites"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70116317,"text":"sir20105070K - 2013 - A deposit model for magmatic iron-titanium-oxide deposits related to Proterozoic massif anorthosite plutonic suite","indexId":"sir20105070K","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"K","title":"A deposit model for magmatic iron-titanium-oxide deposits related to Proterozoic massif anorthosite plutonic suite"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70116317,"text":"sir20105070K - 2013 - A deposit model for magmatic iron-titanium-oxide deposits related to Proterozoic massif anorthosite plutonic suite","indexId":"sir20105070K","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"A deposit model for magmatic iron-titanium-oxide deposits related to Proterozoic massif anorthosite plutonic suite"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T09:35:39","indexId":"sir20135091","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-22T11:55:07","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5091","title":"A deposit model for magmatic iron-titanium-oxide deposits related to Proterozoic massif anorthosite plutonic suites","docAbstract":"This descriptive model for magmatic iron-titanium-oxide (Fe-Ti-oxide) deposits hosted by Proterozoic age massif-type anorthosite and related rock types presents their geological, mineralogical, geochemical, and geoenvironmental attributes. Although these Proterozoic rocks are found worldwide, the majority of known deposits are found within exposed rocks of the Grenville Province, stretching from southwestern United States through eastern Canada; its extension into Norway is termed the Rogaland Anorthosite Province. This type of Fe-Ti-oxide deposit dominated by ilmenite rarely contains more than 300 million tons of ore, with between 10- to 45-percent titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>), 32- to 45-percent iron oxide (FeO), and less than 0.2-percent vanadium (V).  The origin of these typically discordant ore deposits remains as enigmatic as the magmatic evolution of their host rocks. The deposits clearly have a magmatic origin, hosted by an age-constrained unique suite of rocks that likely are the consequence of a particular combination of tectonic circumstances, rather than any a priori temporal control. Principal ore minerals are ilmenite and hemo-ilmenite (ilmenite with extensive hematite exsolution lamellae); occurrences of titanomagnetite, magnetite, and apatite that are related to this deposit type are currently of less economic importance. Ore-mineral paragenesis is somewhat obscured by complicated solid solution and oxidation behavior within the Fe-Ti-oxide system. Anorthosite suites hosting these deposits require an extensive history of voluminous plagioclase crystallization to develop plagioclase-melt diapirs with entrained Fe-Ti-rich melt rising from the base of the lithosphere to mid- and upper-crustal levels. Timing and style of oxide mineralization are related to magmatic and dynamic evolution of these diapiric systems and to development and movement of oxide cumulates and related melts.  Active mines have developed large open pits with extensive waste-rock piles, but because of the nature of the ore and waste rock, the major environmental impacts documented at the mine sites are reported to be waste disposal issues and somewhat degraded water quality.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135091","usgsCitation":"Woodruff, L.G., Nicholson, S.W., and Fey, D.L., 2013, A deposit model for magmatic iron-titanium-oxide deposits related to Proterozoic massif anorthosite plutonic suites: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5091, vii, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135091.","productDescription":"vii, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276898,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135091.gif"},{"id":276897,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5091/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521724cfe4b043bae8d2e59d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nicholson, Suzanne W. 0000-0002-9365-1894 swnich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9365-1894","contributorId":880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Suzanne","email":"swnich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":482919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047730,"text":"sim3238 - 2013 - Geologic strip map along the Hines Creek Fault showing evidence for Cenozoic displacement in the western Mount Hayes and northeastern Healy quadrangles, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-05T14:47:53.967479","indexId":"sim3238","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-21T06:55:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3238","title":"Geologic strip map along the Hines Creek Fault showing evidence for Cenozoic displacement in the western Mount Hayes and northeastern Healy quadrangles, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3238","usgsCitation":"Nokleberg, W.J., Aleinikoff, J.N., Bundtzen, T., and Hanshaw, M.N., 2013, Geologic strip map along the Hines Creek Fault showing evidence for Cenozoic displacement in the western Mount Hayes and northeastern Healy quadrangles, eastern Alaska Range, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3238, Pamphlet: iv, 31 p.; Map: 1 Sheet: 72 x 41 inches; Readme; Metadata; GIS Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3238.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 31 p.; Map: 1 Sheet: 72 x 41 inches; Readme; Metadata; GIS Data","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-034191","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276834,"rank":7,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3238.png"},{"id":276833,"rank":6,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3238/sim3238_data.zip"},{"id":276831,"rank":5,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3238/1_Hines_Creek_Fault_Map_readme.txt"},{"id":276829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3238/sim3238_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":276832,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3238/Hines_Creek_Fault_Map_GDB_metadata.txt"},{"id":276830,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3238/sim3238_map.pdf"},{"id":276825,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3238/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -147.583333,63.25 ], [ -147.583333,64.0 ], [ -145.5,64.0 ], [ -145.5,63.25 ], [ -147.583333,63.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5215d351e4b02034073ad3e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bundtzen, Thomas K.","contributorId":83560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bundtzen","given":"Thomas K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanshaw, Maiana N.","contributorId":54505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanshaw","given":"Maiana","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047669,"text":"sim3268 - 2013 - Geologic map of the Glen Canyon Dam 30’ x 60’ quadrangle, Coconino County, northern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-05T14:54:57.166067","indexId":"sim3268","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-19T08:10:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3268","title":"Geologic map of the Glen Canyon Dam 30’ x 60’ quadrangle, Coconino County, northern Arizona","docAbstract":"The Glen Canyon Dam 30’ x 60’ quadrangle is characterized by nearly flat lying to gently dipping Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary strata that overlie tilted Proterozoic strata or metasedimentary and igneous rocks similar to those exposed at the bottom of Grand Canyon southwest of the quadrangle. Mississippian to Permian rocks are exposed in the walls of Marble Canyon; Permian strata and minor outcrops of Triassic strata form the surface bedrock of House Rock Valley and Marble Plateau, southwestern quarter of the quadrangle. The Paleozoic strata exposed in Marble Canyon and Grand Canyon south of the map are likely present in the subsurface of the entire quadrangle but with unknown facies and thickness changes.\n\nThe Mesozoic sedimentary rocks exposed along the Vermilion and Echo Cliffs once covered the entire quadrangle, but Cenozoic erosion has removed most of these rocks from House Rock Valley and Marble Plateau areas. Mesozoic strata remain over much of the northern and eastern portions of the quadrangle where resistant Jurassic sandstone units form prominent cliffs, escarpments, mesas, buttes, and much of the surface bedrock of the Paria, Kaibito, and Rainbow Plateaus. Jurassic rocks in the northeastern part of quadrangle are cut by a sub-Cretaceous regional unconformity that bevels the Entrada Sandstone and Morrison Formation from Cummings Mesa southward to White Mesa near Kaibito. Quaternary deposits, mainly eolian, mantle much of the Paria, Kaibito, and Rainbow Plateaus in the northern and northeastern portion of the quadrangle. Alluvial deposits are widely distributed over parts of House Rock Valley and Marble Plateau in the southwest quarter of the quadrangle.\n\nThe east-dipping strata of the Echo Cliffs Monocline forms a general north-south structural boundary through the central part of the quadrangle, separating Marble and Paria Plateaus west of the monocline from the Kaibito Plateau east of the monocline. The Echo Cliffs Monocline continues north of the quadrangle into southern Utah.\n\nThe gentle north- and northeast-dipping Mesozoic strata on the Kaibito and Rainbow Plateaus are partly interrupted by northwest-trending, broad-based, ill-defined synclines and anticlines. These broad-based structures form mesas and buttes near anticlinal crests and deeply incised drainages in synclinal valleys. The 1,300-ft-thick (396-m-thick) Navajo Sandstone erodes into a maze of tributary slot canyons in the northeastern part of the quadrangle. Mesozoic strata in the extreme northeast corner of the quadrangle dip gently southwest due to the influence of the Monument Upwarp in southeastern Utah and by an intrusive uplift (laccolith) that forms Navajo Mountain, a prominent 10,388 ft (3,166 m) landmark just northeast of the quadrangle.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3268","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, the U.S. Forest Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and the Navajo Nation","usgsCitation":"Billingsley, G.H., and Priest, S.S., 2013, Geologic map of the Glen Canyon Dam 30’ x 60’ quadrangle, Coconino County, northern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3268, Pamphlet: ii, 41 p.; 1 Plate: 71.79 x 40.64 inches; Readme; Metadata; GIS Database; Shapefiles, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3268.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: ii, 41 p.; 1 Plate: 71.79 x 40.64 inches; Readme; Metadata; GIS Database; Shapefiles","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276727,"rank":10,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3268.gif"},{"id":276724,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3268/downloads/SIM3268_metadata.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":276720,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3268/pdf/sim3268_pamphlet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":276725,"rank":2,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3268/downloads/glca_db.zip"},{"id":276726,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3268/downloads/glca_shape.zip"},{"id":276718,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3268/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":276723,"rank":9,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3268/downloads/README.txt"},{"id":276722,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3268/pdf/sim3268_sheet3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":417736,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98793.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":276721,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3268/pdf/sim3268_sheet2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":276719,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3268/pdf/sim3268_sheet1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"50000","projection":"Polyconic Projection","datum":"1927 North American Datum","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Coconino County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112,\n              36.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -112,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -111,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -111,\n              36.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -112,\n              36.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52136df2e4b0b08f4461988b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Billingsley, George H.","contributorId":20711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billingsley","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Priest, Susan S. spriest@usgs.gov","contributorId":30204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priest","given":"Susan","email":"spriest@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047661,"text":"gq1766 - 2013 - Geologic map of the Lead Mountain 15’ quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-05T14:57:01.008193","indexId":"gq1766","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-16T13:18:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1766","title":"Geologic map of the Lead Mountain 15’ quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"The Lead Mountain 15’ quadrangle in the Mojave Desert contains a record of Jurassic, Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quaternary magmatism. Small amounts of Mesoproterozoic(?) augen gneiss and Paleozoic and Mesozoic(?) metasedimentary rocks are preserved in small patches; they are intruded by voluminous Jurassic plutons of quartz diorite to granite composition and by Late Cretaceous granite of the Cadiz Valley batholith. Jurassic intrusive rocks include part of the Bullion Mountain Intrusive Suite and also younger dikes inferred to be part of the Jurassic Independence dike swarm. A contact-metamorphosed aureole 2 km wide in the Jurassic plutonic rocks fringes the Cadiz Valley batholith. Early Miocene dacitic magmatism produced a dense swarm of dikes in the eastern Bullion Mountains and the volcanic-intrusive remnant of a volcano at Lead Mountain. Tilting of the dike swarm from inferred vertical orientations may have resulted from Miocene tectonic extension. Conglomerate of Pliocene and (or) Miocene age is also tilted. Younger volcanism is recorded by Pliocene basalt of the Deadman Lake volcanic field, basalt of Lead Mountain (approximately 0.36 Ma), and the even younger basalt of Amboy. Quaternary sedimentation built alluvial fans and filled playas in the map area. Faulting in the dextral eastern California shear zone produced several northwest-striking faults in the quadrangle, some of them active into the Pleistocene and some that may have many kilometers of right-lateral offset.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gq1766","usgsCitation":"Howard, K.A., Jagiello, K.J., Fitzgibbon, T.T., and John, B.E., 2013, Geologic map of the Lead Mountain 15’ quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 1766, Pamphlet: ii, 17 p.; 1 Plate: 30.68 × 33.11 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gq1766.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: ii, 17 p.; 1 Plate: 30.68 × 33.11 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276691,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1766/pdf/gq1766_sheet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":276689,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1766/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":276690,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1766/pdf/gq1766_pamphlet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":276692,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gq1766.JPG"},{"id":398882,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98797.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"Lead Mountain 15' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116,\n              34.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.75,\n              34.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.75,\n              34.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              34.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              34.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520f3beae4b0fc50304bc484","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jagiello, Keith J.","contributorId":13516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jagiello","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzgibbon, Todd T.","contributorId":81126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgibbon","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"John, Barbara E.","contributorId":94186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047611,"text":"sir20135130 - 2013 - Water levels in the aquifers of the Nacatoch Sand of southwestern and northeastern Arkansas and the Tokio Formation of southwestern Arkansas, February–March 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-14T14:54:30","indexId":"sir20135130","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-14T14:05:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5130","title":"Water levels in the aquifers of the Nacatoch Sand of southwestern and northeastern Arkansas and the Tokio Formation of southwestern Arkansas, February–March 2011","docAbstract":"The aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand and Tokio Formation in southwestern Arkansas and the Nacatoch Sand in northeastern Arkansas are sources of water for industrial, public supply, domestic, and agricultural uses. Potentiometric-surface maps were constructed from water-level measurements made in 47 wells completed in the Nacatoch Sand and 45 wells completed in the Tokio Formation during February and March 2011. Aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand and Tokio Formation are hereafter referred to as the Nacatoch aquifer and the Tokio aquifer, respectively.  The direction of groundwater flow in the Nacatoch aquifer in southwestern Arkansas is towards the southeast in Hempstead, Little River, and Miller Counties and east-southeast in Clark and Nevada Counties. A potentiometric high is located within the outcrop area of north-central Hempstead County. Two cones of depression exist in the Nacatoch aquifer, one at Hope in southeastern Hempstead County and one in Clark County.  The direction of groundwater flow in the Nacatoch aquifer in northeastern Arkansas generally is towards the southeast. A potentiometric high in the study area is located along the north and northwestern boundaries of the area, but water levels may be higher outside the study area.  In northeastern Arkansas, groundwater withdrawals from the Nacatoch aquifer increased by 564 percent from 1965 to 2010. In southwestern Arkansas, groundwater withdrawals from the Nacatoch Sand increased by 125 percent from 1965 to 1980, and withdrawals decreased by 85 percent from 1980 to 2010. In southwestern Arkansas, groundwater withdrawals from the Tokio aquifer increased by 201 percent from 1965 to 1980, and withdrawals decreased by 81 percent from 1980 to 2000. Withdrawals from the Tokio aquifer increased by 291 percent from 2000 to 2005, and withdrawals decreased by 32 percent from 2005 to 2010.  The direction of groundwater flow in the Tokio aquifer in southwestern Arkansas generally is towards the south or southeast. The potentiometric high is within the outcrop area in the northern part of the area. Artesian flow exists or is inferred in southeastern Pike, northeastern Hempstead, and northwestern Nevada Counties. One apparent cone of depression might exist northwest of Hope in Hempstead County.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135130","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission and the Arkansas Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Schrader, T., and Rodgers, K.D., 2013, Water levels in the aquifers of the Nacatoch Sand of southwestern and northeastern Arkansas and the Tokio Formation of southwestern Arkansas, February–March 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5130, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135130.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135130.gif"},{"id":276613,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5130/pdf/sir2013-5130.pdf"},{"id":276612,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5130/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.62,33.0 ], [ -94.62,36.5 ], [ -89.64,36.5 ], [ -89.64,33.0 ], [ -94.62,33.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520c98e1e4b081fa6136d3ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, T.P.","contributorId":56300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodgers, Kirk D. 0000-0003-4322-2781 krodgers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4322-2781","contributorId":4946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodgers","given":"Kirk","email":"krodgers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047602,"text":"70047602 - 2013 - Assessment of regional change in nitrate concentrations in groundwater in the Central Valley, California, USA, 1950s-2000s","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T14:29:27","indexId":"70047602","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-14T09:38:20","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1534,"text":"Environmental Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of regional change in nitrate concentrations in groundwater in the Central Valley, California, USA, 1950s-2000s","docAbstract":"A regional assessment of multi-decadal changes in nitrate concentrations was done using historical data and a spatially stratified non-biased approach. Data were stratified into physiographic subregions on the basis of geomorphology and soils data to represent zones of historical recharge and discharge patterns in the basin. Data were also stratified by depth to represent a shallow zone generally representing domestic drinking-water supplies and a deep zone generally representing public drinking-water supplies. These stratifications were designed to characterize the regional extent of groundwater with common redox and age characteristics, two factors expected to influence changes in nitrate concentrations over time. Overall, increasing trends in nitrate concentrations and the proportion of nitrate concentrations above 5 mg/L were observed in the east fans subregion of the Central Valley. Whereas the west fans subregion has elevated nitrate concentrations, temporal trends were not detected, likely due to the heterogeneous nature of the water quality in this area and geologic sources of nitrate, combined with sparse and uneven data coverage. Generally low nitrate concentrations in the basin subregion are consistent with reduced geochemical conditions resulting from low permeability soils and higher organic content, reflecting the distal portions of alluvial fans and historical groundwater discharge areas. Very small increases in the shallow aquifer in the basin subregion may reflect downgradient movement of high nitrate groundwater from adjacent areas or overlying intensive agricultural inputs. Because of the general lack of regionally extensive long-term monitoring networks, the results from this study highlight the importance of placing studies of trends in water quality into regional context. Earlier work concluded that nitrate concentrations were steadily increasing over time in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, but clearly those trends do not apply to other physiographic subregions within the Central Valley, even where land use and climate are similar.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12665-012-2082-4","usgsCitation":"Burow, K.R., Jurgens, B., Belitz, K., and Dubrovsky, N.M., 2013, Assessment of regional change in nitrate concentrations in groundwater in the Central Valley, California, USA, 1950s-2000s: Environmental Earth Sciences, v. 69, no. 8, p. 2609-2621, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-2082-4.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2609","endPage":"2621","ipdsId":"IP-036857","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276591,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-2082-4"},{"id":276594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.78,35.07 ], [ -122.78,40.74 ], [ -118.8,40.74 ], [ -118.8,35.07 ], [ -122.78,35.07 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"69","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520c98d2e4b081fa6136d3c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":22454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dubrovsky, Neil M. 0000-0001-7786-1149 nmdubrov@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7786-1149","contributorId":1799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"Neil","email":"nmdubrov@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047593,"text":"sir20133035 - 2013 - New service interface for River Forecasting Center derived quantitative precipitation estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-13T13:26:21","indexId":"sir20133035","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-13T12:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3035","title":"New service interface for River Forecasting Center derived quantitative precipitation estimates","docAbstract":"For more than a decade, the National Weather Service (NWS) River Forecast Centers (RFCs) have been estimating spatially distributed rainfall by applying quality-control procedures to radar-indicated rainfall estimates in the eastern United States and other best practices in the western United States to producea national Quantitative Precipitation Estimate (QPE) (National Weather Service, 2013). The availability of archives of QPE information for analytical purposes has been limited to manual requests for access to raw binary file formats that are difficult for scientists who are not in the climatic sciences to work with. The NWS provided the QPE archives to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the contents of the real-time feed from the RFCs are being saved by the USGS for incorporation into the archives. The USGS has applied  time-series aggregation and added latitude-longitude coordinate variables to publish the RFC QPE data. Web services provide users with direct (index-based) data access, rendered visualizations of the data, and resampled raster representations of the source data in common geographic information formats.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20133035","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, D.L., 2013, New service interface for River Forecasting Center derived quantitative precipitation estimates: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3035, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20133035.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276568,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276566,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3035/"},{"id":276567,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3035/pdf/fs2013-3035.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520b81eee4b0d6ca46067db4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blodgett, David L. 0000-0001-9489-1710 dblodgett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9489-1710","contributorId":3868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"David","email":"dblodgett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047545,"text":"70047545 - 2013 - Measuring environmental change in forest ecosystems by repeated soil sampling: a North American perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-11T17:39:37","indexId":"70047545","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-11T17:33:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measuring environmental change in forest ecosystems by repeated soil sampling: a North American perspective","docAbstract":"Environmental change is monitored in North America through repeated measurements of weather, stream and river flow, air and water quality, and most recently, soil properties. Some skepticism remains, however, about whether repeated soil sampling can effectively distinguish between temporal and spatial variability, and efforts to document soil change in forest ecosystems through repeated measurements are largely nascent and uncoordinated. In eastern North America, repeated soil sampling has begun to provide valuable information on environmental problems such as air pollution. This review synthesizes the current state of the science to further the development and use of soil resampling as an integral method for recording and understanding environmental change in forested settings. The origins of soil resampling reach back to the 19th century in England and Russia. The concepts and methodologies involved in forest soil resampling are reviewed and evaluated through a discussion of how temporal and spatial variability can be addressed with a variety of sampling approaches. Key resampling studies demonstrate the type of results that can be obtained through differing approaches. Ongoing, large-scale issues such as recovery from acidification, long-term N deposition, C sequestration, effects of climate change, impacts from invasive species, and the increasing intensification of soil management all warrant the use of soil resampling as an essential tool for environmental monitoring and assessment. Furthermore, with better awareness of the value of soil resampling, studies can be designed with a long-term perspective so that information can be efficiently obtained well into the future to address problems that have not yet surfaced.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Crop Science Society of America","doi":"10.2134/jeq2012.0378","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G.B., Fernandez, I.J., Richter, D.D., Ross, D., Hazlett, P.W., Bailey, S.W., , O., Warby, R.A., Johnson, A.H., Lin, H., Kaste, J.M., Lapenis, A.G., and Sullivan, T.J., 2013, Measuring environmental change in forest ecosystems by repeated soil sampling: a North American perspective: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 42, no. 3, p. 623-639, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2012.0378.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"623","endPage":"639","ipdsId":"IP-043243","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276284,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2012.0378"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5208a45ce4b0058b906bf5a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fernandez, Ivan J.","contributorId":80174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Ivan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richter, Daniel D.","contributorId":99458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ross, Donald S.","contributorId":9565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Donald S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hazlett, Paul W.","contributorId":101177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazlett","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bailey, Scott W. 0000-0002-9160-156X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-156X","contributorId":36840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":" Oiumet","contributorId":42864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"given":"Oiumet","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Warby, Richard A.F.","contributorId":94950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warby","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnson, Arthur H.","contributorId":55732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lin, Henry","contributorId":76636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kaste, James M.","contributorId":28159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaste","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lapenis, Andrew G.","contributorId":35635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapenis","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Sullivan, Timothy J.","contributorId":77812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70047550,"text":"sim3261 - 2013 - California State Waters Map Series: Offshore of Carpinteria, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-15T21:36:17.114029","indexId":"sim3261","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-11T16:43:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3261","title":"California State Waters Map Series: Offshore of Carpinteria, California","docAbstract":"In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology.\n\nThe Offshore of Carpinteria map area lies within the central Santa Barbara Channel region of the Southern California Bight. This geologically complex region forms a major biogeographic transition zone, separating the cold-temperate Oregonian province north of Point Conception from the warm-temperate California province to the south. The map area is in the southern part of the Western Transverse Ranges geologic province, which is north of the California Continental Borderland. Significant clockwise rotation—at least 90°—since the early Miocene has been proposed for the Western Transverse Ranges province, and the region is presently undergoing north-south shortening.\n\nThe small city of Carpinteria is the most significant onshore cultural center in the map area; the smaller town of Summerland lies west of Carpinteria. These communities rest on a relatively flat coastal piedmont that is surrounded on the north, east, and west by hilly relief on the flanks of the Santa Ynez Mountains. El Estero, a salt marsh on the coast west of Carpinteria, is an ecologically important coastal estuary. Southeast of Carpinteria, the coastal zone is narrow strip containing highway and railway transportation corridors and a few small residential clusters. Rincon Point is a well-known world-class surf break, and Rincon Island, constructed for oil and gas production, lies offshore of Punta Gorda. The steep bluffs backing the coastal strip are geologically unstable, and coastal erosion problems are ongoing in the map area; most notably, landslides in 2005 struck the small coastal community of La Conchita, engulfing houses and killing ten people.\n\nThe Offshore of Carpinteria map area lies in the central part of the Santa Barbara littoral cell, whose littoral drift is to the east-southeast. Drift rates have been estimated to be about 400,000 tons/yr at Santa Barbara Harbor (about 15 km west of Carpinteria). At the east end of the littoral cell, eastward-moving sediment is trapped by Hueneme and Mugu Canyons and then transported to the deep-water Santa Monica Basin. Sediment supply to the western and central part of the littoral cell is largely from relatively small transverse coastal watersheds, which have an estimated cumulative annual sediment flux of 640,000 tons/yr. The much larger Ventura and Santa Clara Rivers, the mouths of which are about 25 to 30 km southeast of Carpinteria, yield an estimated 3.4 million tons of sediment annually, the coarser sediment load generally moving southeast, down the coast, and the finer sediment load moving both upcoast and offshore.\n\nThe offshore part of the map area consists of a relatively flat and shallow continental shelf, which dips so gently (about 0.4° to 0.5°) that water depths at the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters are 40 to 45 m. This part of the Santa Barbara Channel is relatively well protected from large Pacific swells from the north and northwest by Point Conception and from the south and southwest by offshore islands and banks. Fair-weather wave base is typically shallower than 20-m water depth, but winter storms are capable of resuspending fine-grained sediments in 30 m of water, and so shelf sediments in the map area probably are remobilized on an annual basis. The shelf is underlain by variable amounts of upper Quaternary shelf, estuarine, and fluvial sediments that thicken to the south.\n\nSeafloor habitats in the broad Santa Barbara Channel region consist of significant amounts of soft sediment and isolated areas of rocky habitat that support kelp-forest communities nearshore and rocky-reef communities in deep water. The potential marine benthic habitat types mapped in the Offshore of Carpinteria map area are directly related to its Quaternary geologic history, geomorphology, and active sedimentary processes. These potential habitats lie within the Shelf (continental shelf) megahabitat, dominated by a flat seafloor and substrates formed from deposition of fluvial and marine sediment during sea-level rise. This fairly homogeneous seafloor provides promising habitat for groundfish, crabs, shrimp, and other marine benthic organisms. The only significant interruptions to this homogeneous habitat type are the exposures of hard, irregular, and hummocky sedimentary bedrock and coarse-grained sediment where potential habitats for rockfish and related species exist.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3261","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Cochrane, G.R., Golden, N., Phillips, E., Ritchie, A.C., Kvitek, R.G., Greene, H., Endris, C.A., Seitz, G., Sliter, R.W., Erdey, M.D., Wong, F.L., Gutierrez, C.I., Krigsman, L., Draut, A.E., and Hart, P.E., 2013, California State Waters Map Series: Offshore of Carpinteria, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3261, Pamphlet: iv, 42 p.; Maps: 10 Sheets: 49.00 × 36.00 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3261.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 42 p.; Maps: 10 Sheets: 49.00 × 36.00 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3261.png"},{"id":276275,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3261/sim3261_sheet7.pdf"},{"id":276276,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3261/sim3261_sheet8.pdf"},{"id":398881,"rank":15,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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    }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5208a45be4b0058b906bf5a4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509559,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, Susan A.","contributorId":27533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Susan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509560,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Golden, Nadine E.","contributorId":58356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"Nadine E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Phillips, Eleyne L.","contributorId":104289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Eleyne L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ritchie, Andrew C. aritchie@usgs.gov","contributorId":4984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Andrew","email":"aritchie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kvitek, Rikk G.","contributorId":107804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvitek","given":"Rikk","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":87983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Endris, Charles A.","contributorId":87824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endris","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Seitz, Gordon G.","contributorId":17303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seitz","given":"Gordon G.","affiliations":[{"id":7099,"text":"Calif. Geol. Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":482371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sliter, Ray W. 0000-0003-0337-3454 rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":1992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Erdey, Mercedes D. merdey@usgs.gov","contributorId":5411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdey","given":"Mercedes","email":"merdey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wong, Florence L. 0000-0002-3918-5896 fwong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-5896","contributorId":1990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Florence","email":"fwong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Gutierrez, Carlos I.","contributorId":32799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"Carlos","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Krigsman, Lisa M.","contributorId":43642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krigsman","given":"Lisa M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Draut, Amy E.","contributorId":92215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":70047506,"text":"70047506 - 2013 - Sustainably connecting children with nature: an exploratory study of nature play area visitor impacts and their management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T13:16:16","indexId":"70047506","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-08T11:28:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2603,"text":"Landscape and Urban Planning","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sustainably connecting children with nature: an exploratory study of nature play area visitor impacts and their management","docAbstract":"Parks are developing nature play areas to improve children's health and “connect” them with nature. However, these play areas are often located in protected natural areas where managers must balance recreation with associated environmental impacts. In this exploratory study, we sought to describe these impacts. We also investigated which ages, gender, and play group sizes most frequently caused impact and where impacts most frequently occur.\n\nWe measured the lineal and aerial extent and severity of impacts at three play areas in the eastern United States. Methods included soil and vegetation loss calculations, qualitative searches and tree and shrub damage classifications. Additionally, we observed 12 h of play at five play areas. Results showed that measurable negative impacts were caused during 33% of the time children play. On average, 76% of groundcover vegetation was lost at recreation sites and 100% was lost at informal trails. In addition, approximately half of all trees and shrubs at sites were damaged. Meanwhile, soil exposure was 25% greater on sites and trails than at controls. Boys and small group sizes more frequently caused impact, and informal recreation sites were most commonly used for play. No statistically significant correlations were found between age or location and impact frequency.\n\nManagers interested in developing nature play areas should be aware of, but not deterred by these impacts. The societal benefits of unstructured play in nature may outweigh the environmental costs. Recommended management strategies include selecting impact-resistant sites, improving site resistance, promoting low impact practices, and managing adaptively.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape and Urban Planning","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.07.004","usgsCitation":"Browning, M.H., Marion, J.L., and Gregoire, T.G., 2013, Sustainably connecting children with nature: an exploratory study of nature play area visitor impacts and their management: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 119, p. 104-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.07.004.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"104","endPage":"112","ipdsId":"IP-045531","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276209,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276208,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.07.004"}],"volume":"119","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5204afdbe4b0403aa62629be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Browning, Matthew H.E.M.","contributorId":62911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"H.E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marion, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":56322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gregoire, Timothy G.","contributorId":85077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregoire","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70174266,"text":"70174266 - 2013 - Advancements in understanding the aeromagnetic expressions of basin-margin faults—An example from San Luis Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-06T17:02:25","indexId":"70174266","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-06T01:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3568,"text":"The Leading Edge","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Advancements in understanding the aeromagnetic expressions of basin-margin faults—An example from San Luis Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstract-1\" class=\"section abstract\">\n<p id=\"p-1\">Advancements in aeromagnetic acquisition technology over the past few decades have led to greater resolution of shallow geologic sources with low magnetization, such as intrasedimentary faults and paleochannels. Detection and mapping of intrasedimentary faults in particular can be important for understanding the overall structural setting of an area, even if exploration targets are much deeper. Aeromagnetic methods are especially useful for mapping structures in mountain-piedmont areas at the margins of structural basins, where mineral exploration and seismic-hazard studies may be focused, and where logistical or data-quality issues encumber seismic methods. Understanding if the sources of aeromagnetic anomalies in this context originate from sedimentary units or bedrock is important for evaluating basin structure and/or depth to shallow exploration targets.</p>\n</div>\n<p id=\"p-2\">Advancements in aeromagnetic acquisition technology over the past few decades have led to greater resolution of shallow geologic sources with low magnetization, such as intrasedimentary faults and paleochannels. Detection and mapping of intrasedimentary faults in particular can be important for understanding the overall structural setting of an area, even if exploration targets are much deeper. Aeromagnetic methods are especially useful for mapping structures in mountain-piedmont areas at the margins of structural basins, where mineral exploration and seismic-hazard studies may be focused, and where logistical or data-quality issues encumber seismic methods. Understanding if the sources of aeromagnetic anomalies in this context originate from sedimentary units or bedrock is important for evaluating basin structure and/or depth to shallow exploration targets.</p>\n<p id=\"p-3\">Although explorationists have surmised that subtle, narrow, linear aeromagnetic anomalies or gradients are caused by intrasedimentary faults, the nature of the magnetic sources has been debated. A common and intuitive explanation for the linear anomalies considers that the magnetic properties of the fault zone have been altered by secondary chemical processes, either through the growth or destruction of magnetic minerals. However, comprehensive, multidisciplinary studies of partially exposed intrasedimentary faults in basins within the central Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico, have shown that the anomalies can be completely explained by the tectonic juxtaposition of strata of differing magnetic properties at the fault (summarized in <a id=\"xref-ref-7-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http://tle.geoscienceworld.org/content/32/8/882#ref-7\">Grauch and Hudson, 2007</a>, <a id=\"xref-ref-8-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http://tle.geoscienceworld.org/content/32/8/882#ref-8\">2011</a>). Whereas a reduction in magnetic susceptibility was detected at some fault zones in the laboratory, the slight reduction and small volume of material affected were insufficient to produce aeromagnetic anomalies (<a id=\"xref-ref-12-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http://tle.geoscienceworld.org/content/32/8/882#ref-12\">Hudson et al., 2008</a>).</p>\n<p id=\"p-4\">A key finding of the studies summarized by <a id=\"xref-ref-7-2\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http://tle.geoscienceworld.org/content/32/8/882#ref-7\">Grauch and Hudson (2007</a>, <a id=\"xref-ref-8-2\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http://tle.geoscienceworld.org/content/32/8/882#ref-8\">2011</a>) is that multiple magnetic contrasts (sources) can be vertically stacked at one fault. This situation requires rethinking of common assumptions when modeling faults as simple steps or when interpreting depth-estimation results. The multiple contrasts in these case studies arise from the tectonic juxtaposition of stratified sediments with differing magnetic properties. Multiple, vertically stacked magnetic sources also can occur where volcanic layers are interbedded with the sedimentary section or where faults offset both shallow bedrock and its overlying sedimentary cover. The latter situation is common at basin margins.</p>\n<p id=\"p-5\">Herein, we summarize and expand on an investigation of the sources of aeromagnetic anomalies related to faults along the eastern margin of the San Luis Basin, northern Rio Grande Rift, Colorado (<a id=\"xref-ref-6-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http://tle.geoscienceworld.org/content/32/8/882#ref-6\">Grauch et al., 2010</a>). Similar to the faults examined in the central Rio Grande Rift, magnetic sources can be completely explained by tectonic juxtaposition and produce multiple, vertically stacked magnetic contrasts at individual faults. However, the geologic sources are different. They arise from both the sedimentary cover and the underlying bedrock rather than from stratified sediments. In addition, geologic evidence for secondary growth or destruction of magnetic minerals at the fault zone is lacking.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/tle32080882.1","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V.J., Bedrosian, P.A., and Drenth, B.J., 2013, Advancements in understanding the aeromagnetic expressions of basin-margin faults—An example from San Luis Basin, Colorado: The Leading Edge, v. 32, no. 8, p. 882-891, https://doi.org/10.1190/tle32080882.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"882","endPage":"891","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044990","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"San Luis Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": 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J. 0000-0002-0761-3489 tien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":152256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"tien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedrosian, Paul A. 0000-0002-6786-1038 pbedrosian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-1038","contributorId":839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrosian","given":"Paul","email":"pbedrosian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drenth, Benjamin J. 0000-0002-3954-8124 bdrenth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3954-8124","contributorId":1315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drenth","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdrenth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047430,"text":"70047430 - 2013 - The LANDFIRE Refresh strategy: updating the national dataset","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-05T16:15:14","indexId":"70047430","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-05T16:11:37","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1636,"text":"Fire Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The LANDFIRE Refresh strategy: updating the national dataset","docAbstract":"The LANDFIRE Program provides comprehensive vegetation and fuel datasets for the entire United States. As with many large-scale ecological datasets, vegetation and landscape conditions must be updated periodically to account for disturbances, growth, and natural succession. The LANDFIRE Refresh effort was the first attempt to consistently update these products nationwide. It incorporated a combination of specific systematic improvements to the original LANDFIRE National data, remote sensing based disturbance detection methods, field collected disturbance information, vegetation growth and succession modeling, and vegetation transition processes. This resulted in the creation of two complete datasets for all 50 states: LANDFIRE Refresh 2001, which includes the systematic improvements, and LANDFIRE Refresh 2008, which includes the disturbance and succession updates to the vegetation and fuel data. The new datasets are comparable for studying landscape changes in vegetation type and structure over a decadal period, and provide the most recent characterization of fuel conditions across the country. The applicability of the new layers is discussed and the effects of using the new fuel datasets are demonstrated through a fire behavior modeling exercise using the 2011 Wallow Fire in eastern Arizona as an example.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Association for Fire Ecology","doi":"10.4996/fireecology.0902080","usgsCitation":"Nelson, K., Connot, J.A., Peterson, B.E., and Martin, C., 2013, The LANDFIRE Refresh strategy: updating the national dataset: Fire Ecology, v. 9, no. 2, p. 80-101, https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0902080.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"101","ipdsId":"IP-045102","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0902080","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":276080,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0902080"},{"id":276081,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fireecology.org/journal/abstract/?abstract=195"},{"id":276085,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5200bb5ae4b009d47a4c2349","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Kurtis J. 0000-0003-4911-4511","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4911-4511","contributorId":105629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Kurtis J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connot, Joel A. 0000-0002-2556-3374 jconnot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2556-3374","contributorId":4436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connot","given":"Joel","email":"jconnot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, Birgit E. 0000-0002-4356-1540 bpeterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4356-1540","contributorId":3599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Birgit","email":"bpeterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Charley chmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":4544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Charley","email":"chmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":482022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70039306,"text":"70039306 - 2013 - Regional demographic trends from long-term studies of saguaro (<i>Carnegiea gigantea</i>) across the northern Sonoran Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T14:29:38","indexId":"70039306","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-05T13:38:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional demographic trends from long-term studies of saguaro (<i>Carnegiea gigantea</i>) across the northern Sonoran Desert","docAbstract":"Ten saguaro (<i>Carnegiea gigantea</i>) populations in the northern Sonoran Desert were monitored from 1959 to 2005 to discriminate how climate influences plant growth, abundance, reproductive potential, survivorship, age structure and regeneration trends. Thousands of saguaros were measured to determine site-specific growth rates and survivorship through time. Observed growth rates were used to predict the ages of saguaros and reconstruct local and regional regeneration patterns back to the late 18th century. Both growth rates and degree of branching generally tracked temperature and moisture gradients. Site-specific age-height models explained 89-97% of variance in observed ages, with a slope of nearly one. Regeneration was more consistent at sites in the western (hotter/drier) than eastern (cooler/wetter) sites, which exhibited clear multidecadal variability in regeneration rates. Averaged across the region, saguaro regeneration rates were highest from 1780 to 1860, coincident with wet conditions and high <i>Pinus ponderosa</i> recruitment in the highlands. Milder and wetter winters and protection from livestock grazing likely promoted late 20th century regeneration surges at some sites. Predictions of saguaro population dynamics in the 21st century likely will be confounded by the saguaro's episodic and asynchronous regeneration, continued urbanization, ongoing grass invasions and associated wildfires, and changing climate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.08.008","usgsCitation":"Pierson, E., Betancourt, J.L., and Turner, R., 2013, Regional demographic trends from long-term studies of saguaro (<i>Carnegiea gigantea</i>) across the northern Sonoran Desert: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 88, p. 57-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.08.008.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"69","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-039254","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276051,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276046,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.08.008"}],"country":"Mexico;United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Sonora","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.3347,27.3815 ], [ -114.3347,34.1164 ], [ -110.3687,34.1164 ], [ -110.3687,27.3815 ], [ -114.3347,27.3815 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"88","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5200bb58e4b009d47a4c2335","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierson, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":48142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turner, Raymond M.","contributorId":7383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Raymond M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047382,"text":"70047382 - 2013 - Late Quaternary stream piracy and strath terrace formation along the Belle Fourche and lower Cheyenne Rivers, South Dakota and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:21:46","indexId":"70047382","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-02T13:11:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary stream piracy and strath terrace formation along the Belle Fourche and lower Cheyenne Rivers, South Dakota and Wyoming","docAbstract":"Stream piracy substantially affected the geomorphic evolution of the Missouri River watershed and drainages within, including the Little Missouri, Cheyenne, Belle Fourche, Bad, and White Rivers. The ancestral Cheyenne River eroded headward in an annular pattern around the eastern and southern Black Hills and pirated the headwaters of the ancestral Bad and White Rivers after ~ 660 ka. The headwaters of the ancestral Little Missouri River were pirated by the ancestral Belle Fourche River, a tributary to the Cheyenne River that currently drains much of the northern Black Hills. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating techniques were used to estimate the timing of this piracy event at ~ 22–21 ka. The geomorphic evolution of the Cheyenne and Belle Fourche Rivers is also expressed by regionally recognized strath terraces that include (from oldest to youngest) the Sturgis, Bear Butte, and Farmingdale terraces. Radiocarbon and OSL dates from fluvial deposits on these terraces indicate incision to the level of the Bear Butte terrace by ~ 63 ka, incision to the level of the Farmingdale terrace at ~ 40 ka, and incision to the level of the modern channel after ~ 12–9 ka. Similar dates of terrace incision have been reported for the Laramie and Wind River Ranges. Hypothesized causes of incision are the onset of colder climate during the middle Wisconsinan and the transition to the full-glacial climate of the late-Wisconsinan/Pinedale glaciation. Incision during the Holocene of the lower Cheyenne River is as much as ~ 80 m and is 3 to 4 times the magnitude of incision at ~ 63 ka and ~ 40 ka. The magnitude of incision during the Holocene might be due to a combined effect of three geomorphic processes acting in concert: glacial isostatic rebound in lower reaches (~ 40 m), a change from glacial to interglacial climate, and adjustments to increased watershed area resulting from piracy of the ancestral headwaters of the Little Missouri River.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.03.028","usgsCitation":"Stamm, J., Hendricks, R.R., Sawyer, J.F., Mahan, S., Zaprowski, B.J., Geibel, N.M., and Azzolini, D.C., 2013, Late Quaternary stream piracy and strath terrace formation along the Belle Fourche and lower Cheyenne Rivers, South Dakota and Wyoming: Geomorphology, v. 197, p. 10-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.03.028.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"20","ipdsId":"IP-029796","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.76,40.99 ], [ -108.76,46.45 ], [ -99.07,46.45 ], [ -99.07,40.99 ], [ -108.76,40.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"197","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fcc6d5e4b0296e5a4b5bec","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.03.028","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.03.028","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Stamm John F., Hendricks Robert R., Sawyer J. Foster, Mahan Shannon A., Zaprowski Brent J., Geibel Nicholas M., Azzolini David C.","journalName":"Geomorphology","publicationDate":"9/2013","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stamm, John F. 0000-0002-3404-2933 jstamm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-2933","contributorId":2859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamm","given":"John F.","email":"jstamm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendricks, Robert R.","contributorId":19070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendricks","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sawyer, J. Foster","contributorId":80344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Foster","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":1215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zaprowski, Brent J.","contributorId":6362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaprowski","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Geibel, Nicholas M.","contributorId":14721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geibel","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Azzolini, David C.","contributorId":62915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Azzolini","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70047370,"text":"sir20135146 - 2013 - Potential effects of deepening the St. Johns River navigation channel on saltwater intrusion in the surficial aquifer system, Jacksonville, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-02T10:34:14","indexId":"sir20135146","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-02T10:16:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5146","title":"Potential effects of deepening the St. Johns River navigation channel on saltwater intrusion in the surficial aquifer system, Jacksonville, Florida","docAbstract":"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has proposed dredging a 13-mile reach of the St. Johns River navigation channel in Jacksonville, Florida, deepening it to depths between 50 and 54 feet below North American Vertical Datum of 1988. The dredging operation will remove about 10 feet of sediments from the surficial aquifer system, including limestone in some locations. The limestone unit, which is in the lowermost part of the surficial aquifer system, supplies water to domestic wells in the Jacksonville area. Because of density-driven hydrodynamics of the St. Johns River, saline water from the Atlantic Ocean travels upstream as a saltwater “wedge” along the bottom of the channel, where the limestone is most likely to be exposed by the proposed dredging. A study was conducted to determine the potential effects of navigation channel deepening in the St. Johns River on salinity in the adjacent surficial aquifer system. Simulations were performed with each of four cross-sectional, variable-density groundwater-flow models, developed using SEAWAT, to simulate hypothetical changes in salinity in the surficial aquifer system as a result of dredging. The cross-sectional models were designed to incorporate a range of hydrogeologic conceptualizations to estimate the effect of uncertainty in hydrogeologic properties. The cross-sectional models developed in this study do not necessarily simulate actual projected conditions; instead, the models were used to examine the potential effects of deepening the navigation channel on saltwater intrusion in the surficial aquifer system under a range of plausible hypothetical conditions.\n<br>\n<br>\nSimulated results for modeled conditions indicate that dredging will have little to no effect on salinity variations in areas upstream of currently proposed dredging activities. Results also indicate little to no effect in any part of the surficial aquifer system along the cross section near River Mile 11 or in the water-table unit along the cross section near River Mile 8. Salinity increases of up to 4.0 parts per thousand (ppt) were indicated by the model incorporating hydrogeologic conceptualizations with both a semiconfining bed over the limestone unit and a preferential flow layer within the limestone along the cross section near River Mile 8. Simulated increases in salinity greater than 0.2 ppt in this area were generally limited to portions of the limestone unit within about 75 feet of the channel on the north side of the river.\n<br>\n<br>\nThe potential for saltwater to move from the river channel to the surficial aquifer system is limited, but may be present in areas where the head gradient from the aquifer to the river is small or negative and the salinity of the river is sufficient to induce density-driven advective flow into the aquifer. In some areas, simulated increases in salinity were exacerbated by the presence of laterally extensive semiconfining beds in combination with a high-conductivity preferential flow zone in the limestone unit of the surficial aquifer system and an upgradient source of saline water, such as beneath the salt marshes near Fanning Island. The volume of groundwater pumped in these areas is estimated to be low; therefore, saltwater intrusion will not substantially affect regional water supply, although users of the surficial aquifer system east of Dames Point along the northern shore of the river could be affected. Proposed dredging operations pose no risk to salinization of the Floridan aquifer system; in the study area, the intermediate confining unit ranges in thickness from more than 300 to about 500 feet and provides sufficient hydraulic separation between the surficial and Floridan aquifer systems.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135146","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Bellino, J.C., and Spechler, R.M., 2013, Potential effects of deepening the St. Johns River navigation channel on saltwater intrusion in the surficial aquifer system, Jacksonville, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5146, viii, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135146.","productDescription":"viii, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135146.jpg"},{"id":275936,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5146/"},{"id":275937,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5146/pdf/sir20135146.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"St. Johns River Navigation Channel","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.68096,30.309025 ], [ -81.68096,30.453899 ], [ -81.378008,30.453899 ], [ -81.378008,30.309025 ], [ -81.68096,30.309025 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fcc6d6e4b0296e5a4b5bf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bellino, Jason C. 0000-0001-9046-9344 jbellino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9046-9344","contributorId":3724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellino","given":"Jason","email":"jbellino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spechler, Rick M. spechler@usgs.gov","contributorId":1364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spechler","given":"Rick","email":"spechler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047153,"text":"70047153 - 2013 - Refinement of late-Early and Middle Miocene diatom biostratigraphy for the east coast of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-18T11:05:31","indexId":"70047153","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T16:03:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Refinement of late-Early and Middle Miocene diatom biostratigraphy for the east coast of the United States","docAbstract":"Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 313 continuously cored Lower to Middle Miocene sequences at three continental shelf sites off New Jersey, USA. The most seaward of these, Site M29, contains a well-preserved Early and Middle Miocene succession of planktonic diatoms that have been independently correlated with the geomagnetic polarity time scale derived in studies from the equatorial and North Pacific. Shallow water diatoms (species of Delphineis, Rhaphoneis, and Sceptroneis) dominate in onshore sequences in Maryland and Virginia, forming the basis for the East Coast Diatom Zones (ECDZ). Integrated study of both planktonic and shallow water diatoms in Hole M29A as well as in onshore sequences in Maryland (the Baltimore Gas and Electric Company well) and Delaware (the Ocean Drilling Program Bethany Beach corehole) allows the refinement of ECDZ zones into a high-resolution biochronology that can be successfully applied in both onshore and offshore regions of the East Coast of the United States. Strontium isotope stratigraphy supports the diatom biochronology, although for much of the Middle Miocene it suggests ages that are on average 0.4 m.y. older. The ECDZ zonal definitions are updated to include evolutionary events of Delphineis species, and regional occurrences of important planktonic diatom marker taxa are included. Updated taxonomy, reference to published figures, and photographic images are provided that will aid in the application of this diatom biostratigraphy.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00864.1","usgsCitation":"Barron, J.A., Browning, J., Sugarman, P., and Miller, K.G., 2013, Refinement of late-Early and Middle Miocene diatom biostratigraphy for the east coast of the United States: Geosphere, v. 9, no. 5, p. 1286-1302, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00864.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1286","endPage":"1302","ipdsId":"IP-049444","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00864.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":279010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278573,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00864.1"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"East Coast","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.34,30.79 ], [ -82.34,45.13 ], [ -66.17,45.13 ], [ -66.17,30.79 ], [ -82.34,30.79 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52835c25e4b047efbbb4ae6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Browning, James","contributorId":77033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sugarman, Peter","contributorId":78638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugarman","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Kenneth G.","contributorId":14260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70048496,"text":"70048496 - 2013 - Eastern musk turtle (<i>Sternotherus odoratus</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-05T15:50:21","indexId":"70048496","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T15:46:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Eastern musk turtle (<i>Sternotherus odoratus</i>)","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Reptiles of Tennessee","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Tennessee Press","publisherLocation":"Knoxville, TN","isbn":"9781572339491","usgsCitation":"Glorioso, B.M., 2013, Eastern musk turtle (<i>Sternotherus odoratus</i>), chap. <i>of</i> The Reptiles of Tennessee, p. 301-304.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"304","numberOfPages":"4","ipdsId":"IP-031210","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278862,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278231,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://utpress.org/bookdetail-2/?jobno=T01651"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.3103,34.9829 ], [ -90.3103,36.678 ], [ -81.6469,36.678 ], [ -81.6469,34.9829 ], [ -90.3103,34.9829 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527a2181e4b051792d019503","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glorioso, Brad M. 0000-0002-5400-7414 gloriosob@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5400-7414","contributorId":4241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glorioso","given":"Brad","email":"gloriosob@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70074779,"text":"70074779 - 2013 - Land-cover change in the conterminous United States from 1973 to 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T16:09:10","indexId":"70074779","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1841,"text":"Global Environmental Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land-cover change in the conterminous United States from 1973 to 2000","docAbstract":"Land-cover change in the conterminous United States was quantified by interpreting change from satellite imagery for a sample stratified by 84 ecoregions. Gross and net changes between 11 land-cover classes were estimated for 5 dates of Landsat imagery (1973, 1980, 1986, 1992, and 2000). An estimated 673,000 km<sup>2</sup>(8.6%) of the United States’ land area experienced a change in land cover at least one time during the study period. Forest cover experienced the largest net decline of any class with 97,000 km2 lost between 1973 and 2000. The large decline in forest cover was prominent in the two regions with the highest percent of overall change, the Marine West Coast Forests (24.5% of the region experienced a change in at least one time period) and the Eastern Temperate Forests (11.4% of the region with at least one change). Agriculture declined by approximately 90,000 km<sup>2</sup> with the largest annual net loss of 12,000 km<sup>2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> occurring between 1986 and 1992. Developed area increased by 33% and with the rate of conversion to developed accelerating rate over time. The time interval with the highest annual rate of change of 47,000 km<sup>2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> (0.6% per year) was 1986–1992. This national synthesis documents a spatially and temporally dynamic era of land change between 1973 and 2000. These results quantify land change based on a nationally consistent monitoring protocol and contribute fundamental estimates critical to developing understanding of the causes and consequences of land change in the conterminous United States.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.03.006","usgsCitation":"Sleeter, B.M., Sohl, T.L., Loveland, T., Auch, R.F., Acevedo, W., Drummond, M.A., Sayler, K., and Stehman, S.V., 2013, Land-cover change in the conterminous United States from 1973 to 2000: Global Environmental Change, v. 23, no. 4, p. 733-748, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.03.006.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"733","endPage":"748","numberOfPages":"16","temporalStart":"1973-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-035634","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.03.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":282027,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282026,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.03.006"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd63f3e4b0b290850ff23f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231 sohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"sohl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":3005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Auch, Roger F. 0000-0002-5382-5044 auch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5382-5044","contributorId":667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auch","given":"Roger","email":"auch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Acevedo, William wacevedo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acevedo","given":"William","email":"wacevedo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Drummond, Mark A. 0000-0001-7420-3503 madrummond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7420-3503","contributorId":3053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drummond","given":"Mark","email":"madrummond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sayler, Kristi L. 0000-0003-2514-242X sayler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2514-242X","contributorId":2988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayler","given":"Kristi","email":"sayler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stehman, Stephen V.","contributorId":77283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehman","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70047087,"text":"70047087 - 2013 - The variability of California summertime marine stratus: impacts on surface air temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-07T12:37:49","indexId":"70047087","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T11:56:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The variability of California summertime marine stratus: impacts on surface air temperatures","docAbstract":"This study investigates the variability of clouds, primarily marine stratus clouds, and how they are associated with surface temperature anomalies over California, especially along the coastal margin. We focus on the summer months of June to September when marine stratus are the dominant cloud type. Data used include satellite cloud reflectivity (cloud albedo) measurements, hourly surface observations of cloud cover and air temperature at coastal airports, and observed values of daily surface temperature at stations throughout California and Nevada. Much of the anomalous variability of summer clouds is organized over regional patterns that affect considerable portions of the coast, often extend hundreds of kilometers to the west and southwest over the North Pacific, and are bounded to the east by coastal mountains. The occurrence of marine stratus is positively correlated with both the strength and height of the thermal inversion that caps the marine boundary layer, with inversion base height being a key factor in determining their inland penetration. Cloud cover is strongly associated with surface temperature variations. In general, increased presence of cloud (higher cloud albedo) produces cooler daytime temperatures and warmer nighttime temperatures. Summer daytime temperature fluctuations associated with cloud cover variations typically exceed 1°C. The inversion-cloud albedo-temperature associations that occur at daily timescales are also found at seasonal timescales.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jgrd.50652","usgsCitation":"Iacobellis, S.F., and Cayan, D.R., 2013, The variability of California summertime marine stratus: impacts on surface air temperatures: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 118, no. 16, p. 9105-9122, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50652.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"9105","endPage":"9122","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-049292","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50652","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278924,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278923,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50652"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"118","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527cc496e4b0850ea050cece","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iacobellis, Sam F.","contributorId":11502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iacobellis","given":"Sam","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel R. 0000-0002-2719-6811 drcayan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-6811","contributorId":1494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048423,"text":"70048423 - 2013 - Quantifying wetland–aquifer interactions in a humid subtropical climate region: An integrated approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-26T10:38:34","indexId":"70048423","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T10:24:14","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying wetland–aquifer interactions in a humid subtropical climate region: An integrated approach","docAbstract":"Wetlands are widely recognized as sentinels of global climate change. Long-term monitoring data combined with process-based modeling has the potential to shed light on key processes and how they change over time. This paper reports the development and application of a simple water balance model based on long-term climate, soil, vegetation and hydrological dynamics to quantify groundwater–surface water (GW–SW) interactions at the Norman landfill research site in Oklahoma, USA. Our integrated approach involved model evaluation by means of the following independent measurements: (a) groundwater inflow calculation using stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen (<sup>16</sup>O, <sup>18</sup>O, <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>2</sup>H); (b) seepage flux measurements in the wetland hyporheic sediment; and (c) pan evaporation measurements on land and in the wetland. The integrated approach was useful for identifying the dominant hydrological processes at the site, including recharge and subsurface flows. Simulated recharge compared well with estimates obtained using isotope methods from previous studies and allowed us to identify specific annual signatures of this important process during the period of study (1997–2007). Similarly, observations of groundwater inflow and outflow rates to and from the wetland using seepage meters and isotope methods were found to be in good agreement with simulation results. Results indicate that subsurface flow components in the system are seasonal and readily respond to rainfall events. The wetland water balance is dominated by local groundwater inputs and regional groundwater flow contributes little to the overall water balance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.06.022","usgsCitation":"Mendoza-Sanchez, I., Phanikumar, M., Niu, J., Masoner, J.R., Cozzarelli, I.M., and McGuire, J., 2013, Quantifying wetland–aquifer interactions in a humid subtropical climate region: An integrated approach: Journal of Hydrology, v. 498, p. 237-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.06.022.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"253","ipdsId":"IP-014582","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278116,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278115,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.06.022"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","city":"Norman","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.55,35.14 ], [ -97.55,35.35 ], [ -97.18,35.35 ], [ -97.18,35.14 ], [ -97.55,35.14 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"498","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52455769e4b0b3d37307e1b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mendoza-Sanchez, Itza","contributorId":20246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendoza-Sanchez","given":"Itza","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phanikumar, Mantha S.","contributorId":17888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phanikumar","given":"Mantha S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niu, Jie","contributorId":30535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niu","given":"Jie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Masoner, Jason R. 0000-0002-4829-6379 jmasoner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-6379","contributorId":3193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masoner","given":"Jason","email":"jmasoner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGuire, Jennifer T.","contributorId":53979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Jennifer T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70048420,"text":"70048420 - 2013 - Geologic effects on groundwater salinity and discharge into an estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T16:17:18","indexId":"70048420","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T08:40:39","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic effects on groundwater salinity and discharge into an estuary","docAbstract":"<p><span>Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) can be an important pathway for transport of nutrients and contaminants to estuaries. A better understanding of the geologic and hydrologic controls on these fluxes is critical for their estimation and management. We examined geologic features, porewater salinity, and SGD rates and patterns at an estuarine study site. Seismic data showed the existence of paleovalleys infilled with estuarine mud and peat that extend hundreds of meters offshore. A low-salinity groundwater plume beneath this low-permeability fill was mapped with continuous resistivity profiling. Extensive direct SGD measurements with seepage meters (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>551) showed fresh groundwater discharge patterns that correlated well with shallow porewater salinity and the hydrogeophysical framework. Small-scale variability in fresh and saline discharge indicates influence of meter-scale geologic heterogeneity, while site-scale discharge patterns are evidence of the influence of the paleovalley feature. Beneath the paleovalley fill, fresh groundwater flows offshore and mixes with saltwater before discharging along paleovalley flanks. On the adjacent drowned interfluve where low-permeability fill is absent, fresh groundwater discharge is focused at the shoreline. Shallow saltwater exchange was greatest across sandy sediments and where fresh SGD was low. The geologic control of groundwater flowpaths and discharge salinity demonstrated in this work are likely to affect geochemical reactions and the chemical loads delivered by SGD to coastal surface waters. Because similar processes are likely to exist in other estuaries where drowned paleovalleys commonly cross modern shorelines, the existence and implications of complex hydrogeology are important considerations for studies of groundwater fluxes and related management decisions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.049","usgsCitation":"Russonielloa, C.J., Fernandeza, C., Bratton, J.F., Banaszakc, J.F., Krantzc, D.E., Andresd, S., Konikow, L.F., and Michaela, H.A., 2013, Geologic effects on groundwater salinity and discharge into an estuary: Journal of Hydrology, v. 498, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.049.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-044951","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","otherGeospatial":"Indian River Bay","volume":"498","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5246e918e4b035b7f35addd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russonielloa, Christopher J.","contributorId":92963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russonielloa","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fernandeza, Cristina","contributorId":94963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandeza","given":"Cristina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bratton, John F. 0000-0003-0376-4981 jbratton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0376-4981","contributorId":92757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"John","email":"jbratton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Banaszakc, Joel F.","contributorId":102369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banaszakc","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krantzc, David E.","contributorId":84259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krantzc","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Andresd, Scott","contributorId":97413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andresd","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Michaela, Holly A.","contributorId":57357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaela","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
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