Hurricane Sandy devastated some of the most heavily populated eastern coastal areas of the Nation. With a storm surge peaking at more than 19 feet, the powerful landscape-altering destruction of Hurricane Sandy is a stark reminder of why the Nation must become more resilient to coastal hazards. In response to this natural disaster, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) received a total of $41.2 million in supplemental appropriations from the Department of the Interior (DOI) to support response, recovery, and rebuilding efforts. These funds support a science plan that will provide critical scientific information necessary to inform management decisions for recovery of coastal communities, and aid in preparation for future natural hazards. This science plan is designed to coordinate continuing USGS activities with stakeholders and other agencies to improve data collection and analysis that will guide recovery and restoration efforts. The science plan is split into five distinct themes:
\n• Coastal topography and bathymetry
\n• Impacts to coastal beaches and barriers
\n• Impacts of storm surge, including disturbed estuarine and bay hydrology
\n• Impacts on environmental quality and persisting contaminant exposures
\n• Impacts to coastal ecosystems, habitats, and fish and wildlife This fact sheet focuses on coastal topography and bathymetry.
This fact sheet focuses on coastal topography and bathymetry.
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\n• Impacts on environmental quality and persisting contaminant exposures
\n• Impacts to coastal ecosystems, habitats, and fish and wildlife
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This fact sheet focuses on assessing impacts of storm surge, including disturbed estuarine and bay hydrology.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133092","usgsCitation":"Caskie, S.A., 2013, Hurricane Sandy science plan: impacts of storm surge, including disturbed estuarine and bay hydrology: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3092, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133092.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":459,"text":"Natural Hazards Mission Area","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278358,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133092.gif"},{"id":278356,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3092/pdf/fs2013-3092.pdf"},{"id":278357,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3092/"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coast and eastern states","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.91015624999999,\n 27.955591004642553\n ],\n [\n -97.91015624999999,\n 26.23430203240673\n ],\n [\n -94.1748046875,\n 29.11377539511439\n ],\n [\n -92.197265625,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -90.43945312500001,\n 28.57487404744697\n ],\n [\n -89.1650390625,\n 28.65203063036226\n ],\n [\n -88.330078125,\n 29.11377539511439\n ],\n [\n -88.1982421875,\n 29.7643773751631\n ],\n [\n -88.02246093750001,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -87.0556640625,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -86.044921875,\n 29.72622231939548\n ],\n [\n -85.25390625,\n 29.305561325527698\n ],\n [\n -84.55078125,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -83.8037109375,\n 29.267232865200853\n ],\n [\n -83.27636718749999,\n 28.921631282421266\n ],\n [\n -83.3642578125,\n 27.994401411046148\n ],\n [\n -82.177734375,\n 24.206889622398023\n ],\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 24.44714958973082\n ],\n [\n -79.7607421875,\n 25.20494115356912\n ],\n [\n -79.541015625,\n 27.137368359795584\n ],\n [\n -79.8486328125,\n 28.14950321154457\n ],\n [\n -80.15625000000001,\n 28.921631282421266\n ],\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -80.63964843750001,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -77.95898437499999,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -74.92675781249999,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -75.5419921875,\n 36.914764288955936\n ],\n [\n -74.267578125,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -71.19140625,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n -72.59765625,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -74.00390625,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -75.1025390625,\n 39.977120098439634\n ],\n [\n -76.5087890625,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -77.0361328125,\n 38.61687046392973\n ],\n [\n -76.9482421875,\n 37.50972584293751\n ],\n [\n -76.9921875,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -79.5849609375,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 31.278550858946506\n ],\n [\n -80.33203125,\n 26.43122806450644\n ],\n [\n -80.9033203125,\n 25.997549919572084\n ],\n [\n -81.34277343749999,\n 26.470573022375056\n ],\n [\n -83.408203125,\n 30.637912028341123\n ],\n [\n -88.1982421875,\n 30.864510226258336\n ],\n [\n -90.8349609375,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -91.845703125,\n 30.221101852485987\n ],\n [\n -93.0322265625,\n 30.41078179084589\n ],\n [\n -95.9326171875,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -97.91015624999999,\n 27.955591004642553\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a334ee4b0c0d229f9bdc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caskie, Sarah A. scaskie@usgs.gov","contributorId":5373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caskie","given":"Sarah","email":"scaskie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":485113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048527,"text":"70048527 - 2013 - Can shale safely host US nuclear waste?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T10:55:10","indexId":"70048527","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-21T10:48:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can shale safely host US nuclear waste?","docAbstract":"\"Even as cleanup efforts after Japan’s Fukushima disaster offer a stark reminder of the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) stored at nuclear plants worldwide, the decision in 2009 to scrap Yucca Mountain as a permanent disposal site has dimmed hope for a repository for SNF and other high-level nuclear waste (HLW) in the United States anytime soon. About 70,000 metric tons of SNF are now in pool or dry cask storage at 75 sites across the United States [Government Accountability Office, 2012], and uncertainty about its fate is hobbling future development of nuclear power, increasing costs for utilities, and creating a liability for American taxpayers [Blue Ribbon Commission on America’s Nuclear Future, 2012].However, abandoning Yucca Mountain could also result in broadening geologic options for hosting America’s nuclear waste. Shales and other argillaceous formations (mudrocks, clays, and similar clay-rich media) have been absent from the U.S. repository program. In contrast, France, Switzerland, and Belgium are now planning repositories in argillaceous formations after extensive research in underground laboratories on the safety and feasibility of such an approach [Blue Ribbon Commission on America’s Nuclear Future, 2012; Nationale Genossenschaft für die Lagerung radioaktiver Abfälle (NAGRA), 2010; Organisme national des déchets radioactifs et des matières fissiles enrichies, 2011]. Other nations, notably Japan, Canada, and the United Kingdom, are studying argillaceous formations or may consider them in their siting programs [Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2012; Nuclear Waste Management Organization (NWMO), (2011a); Powell et al., 2010].\"","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013EO300001","usgsCitation":"Neuzil, C., 2013, Can shale safely host US nuclear waste?: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 94, no. 30, p. 261-262, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013EO300001.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"262","ipdsId":"IP-046199","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013eo300001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":278292,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278246,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013EO300001"}],"volume":"94","issue":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52663ee4e4b0992695a7f437","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuzil, C. E. 0000-0003-2022-4055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":81078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048529,"text":"sim3257 - 2013 - Geologic map of the Washougal quadrangle, Clark County, Washington, and Multnomah County, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-02T16:53:15.721814","indexId":"sim3257","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-18T12:13:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3257","title":"Geologic map of the Washougal quadrangle, Clark County, Washington, and Multnomah County, Oregon","docAbstract":"The Washougal 7.5’ quadrangle spans the boundary between the Portland Basin and the Columbia River Gorge, approximately 30 km east of Portland, Oregon. The map area contains the westernmost portion of the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic area as well as the rapidly growing areas surrounding the Clark County, Washington, cities of Camas and Washougal. The Columbia River transects the map area, and two major tributaries, the Washougal River in Washington and the Sandy River in Oregon, also flow through the quadrangle. The Columbia, Washougal, and Sandy Rivers have all cut deep valleys through hilly uplands, exposing Oligocene volcanic bedrock in the north part of the map area and lava flows of the Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group in the western Columbia River Gorge. Elsewhere in the map area, these older rocks are buried beneath weakly consolidated to well-consolidated Neogene and younger basin-fill sedimentary rocks and Quaternary volcanic and sedimentary deposits. The Portland Basin is part of the Coastal Lowland that separates the Cascade Range from the Oregon Coast Range. The basin has been interpreted as a pull-apart basin located in the releasing stepover between two en echelon, northwest-striking, right-lateral fault zones. These fault zones are thought to reflect regional transpression, transtension, and dextral shear within the forearc in response to oblique subduction of the Pacific plate along the Cascadia Subduction Zone. The southwestern margin of the Portland Basin is a well-defined topographic break along the base of the Tualatin Mountains, an asymmetric anticlinal ridge that is bounded on its northeast flank by the Portland Hills Fault Zone, which is probably an active structure. The nature of the corresponding northeastern margin of the basin is less clear, but a series of poorly defined and partially buried dextral extensional structures has been hypothesized from topography, microseismicity, potential-field anomalies, and reconnaissance geologic mapping. This map is a contribution to a program designed to improve the geologic database for the Portland Basin region of the Pacific Northwest urban corridor, the densely populated Cascadia forearc region of western Washington and Oregon. Updated, more detailed information on the bedrock and surficial geology of the basin and its surrounding area will facilitate improved assessments of seismic risk, and resource availability in this rapidly growing region.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3257","usgsCitation":"Evarts, R.C., O'Connor, J., and Tolan, T.L., 2013, Geologic map of the Washougal quadrangle, Clark County, Washington, and Multnomah County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3257, Pamphlet: iii, 46 p.; 1 Plate: 54.84 x 36.00 inches; Metadata; Readme, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3257.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iii, 46 p.; 1 Plate: 54.84 x 36.00 inches; Metadata; Readme","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398883,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_99068.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":278248,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3257/pdf/sim3257_map.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":278250,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3257/downloads/washougal_metadata.txt","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":278247,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3257/pdf/sim3257_pamphlet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":278249,"rank":6,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3257/pdf/washougal_readme.pdf"},{"id":278251,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3257/downloads/sim3257_db.zip"},{"id":278252,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3257/downloads/sim3257_shp.zip"},{"id":278253,"rank":7,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3257.gif"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Clark County, Multnomah County","otherGeospatial":"Washougal quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.375,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 45.625\n ],\n [\n -122.375,\n 45.625\n ],\n [\n -122.375,\n 45.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52624a67e4b079a99629a0e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evarts, Russell C. revarts@usgs.gov","contributorId":1974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evarts","given":"Russell","email":"revarts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tolan, Terry L.","contributorId":31029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tolan","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70118593,"text":"70118593 - 2013 - Rangewide glaciation in the Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T15:03:16","indexId":"70118593","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-13T13:54:55","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rangewide glaciation in the Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"The 600-km-long Sierra Nevada underwent extensive Pleistocene glaciation except for its southernmost 100 km. Presently, ∼1700 small glaciers and ice masses near the crest of the range occur above 3250 m in elevation; these covered an area of ∼50 km2 in 1972. Fourteen of the largest glaciers decreased by about one half in area during the period from 1900 to 2004.
Rock glaciers, generally glacial ice covered by 1–10 m of rockfall debris, occur in about the same span of the range as ice and permanent snowfields. They are, on average, lower by 200–300 m, apparently because of the insulating layer of rocky rubble that protects their internal ice from the sun’s heat and from wind.
The principal Pleistocene glacial stages are the Sherwin (ca. 820 ka), Tahoe (170–130 and ca. 70 ka), Tioga (14–28 ka), and Recess Peak (13 ka). Some 7040 glacial lakes, produced primarily by quarrying from bedrock, were mostly exposed after recession of the Tioga glacial stage. The lakes largely mark the area of primary snow accumulation. Below the lower limit of the lakes, ice flowed downward into river-cut canyons, forming major trunk glaciers within the zone of ablation.
The range is in general a westward-tilted block upfaulted on its east side. Therefore, the main late Pleistocene trunk glaciers (Tahoe/Tioga) west of the crest extend 25–60 km, whereas those east of the crest extend only 5–20 km. Because of higher precipitation northward, glacial features such as the toes of existing glaciers and rock glaciers, as well as the late season present-day snowline, all decrease in elevation northward. Likewise, the elevation of the lower limit of glacial lakes, an indication of the zone of snow accumulation during the late Pleistocene, decreases about the same degree. This similarity suggests that the overall climate patterns of the late Pleistocene, though cooler, were similar to those of today. The east slope glaciers show a similar northward depression, but they are ∼500–1000 m higher.
The upper part of the glacial system was erosive over a broad highland area as the evenly distributed ice in the accumulation zone moved to lower elevation. The abundant lake basins record this erosive action. The lower part of the glacier system was largely confined to major preexisting river canyons in which melting dominated. The average of rangewide estimates of the equilibrium line altitude (ELA)—the boundary between the upper snow and ice accumulation zone and the lower ablation zone—of many late Pleistocene glaciers parallels, and is only 200–300 m above, the altitude of the lower limit of the lakes. Hence, the lake zone provides a means of estimating the ELA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/GES00891.1","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., and Moring, B.C., 2013, Rangewide glaciation in the Sierra Nevada, California: Geosphere, v. 9, no. 6, p. 1804-1818, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00891.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1804","endPage":"1818","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-053063","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00891.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291332,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291331,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00891.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","volume":"9","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f22ee4b0bc0bec0a0220","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moring, Barry C. 0000-0001-6797-9258 moring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-9258","contributorId":2794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"Barry","email":"moring@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70118579,"text":"70118579 - 2013 - Implications of the miocene(?) crooked ridge river of northern arizona for the evolution of the colorado river and grand canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-01T14:38:50","indexId":"70118579","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-11T13:06:08","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of the miocene(?) crooked ridge river of northern arizona for the evolution of the colorado river and grand canyon","docAbstract":"The southwesterly course of the probably pre–early Miocene and possibly Oligocene Crooked Ridge River can be traced continuously for 48 km and discontinuously for 91 km in northern Arizona (United States). The course is visible today in inverted relief. Pebbles in the river gravel came from at least as far northeast as the San Juan Mountains (Colorado). The river valley was carved out of easily eroded Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks whose debris overloaded the river with abundant detritus, probably steepening the gradient. After the river became inactive, the regional drainage network was rearranged three times, and the nearby Four Corners region was lowered 1–2 km by erosion. The river provides constraints on the early evolution of the Colorado River and Grand Canyon. Continuation of this river into lakes in Arizona or Utah is unlikely, as is integration through Grand Canyon by lake spillover. The downstream course of the river probably was across the Kaibab arch in a valley roughly coincident with the present eastern Grand Canyon. Beyond this point, the course may have continued to the drainage basin of the Sacramento River, or to the proto–Snake River drainage. Crooked Ridge River was beheaded by the developing San Juan River, which pirated its waters and probably was tributary to a proto–Colorado River, flowing roughly along its present course west of the Monument upwarp.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/GES00861.1","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, I., Holm, R.F., and Lucchitta, B.K., 2013, Implications of the miocene(?) crooked ridge river of northern arizona for the evolution of the colorado river and grand canyon: Geosphere, v. 9, no. 6, p. 1417-1433, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00861.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1417","endPage":"1433","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00861.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291319,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00861.1"}],"volume":"9","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f22ee4b0bc0bec0a0222","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, Ivo","contributorId":94291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Ivo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holm, Richard F.","contributorId":8009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":497082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188509,"text":"70188509 - 2013 - Rates and probable causes of freshwater tidal marsh failure, Potomac River Estuary, Northern Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T14:28:15","indexId":"70188509","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rates and probable causes of freshwater tidal marsh failure, Potomac River Estuary, Northern Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"Dyke Marsh, a distal tidal marsh along the Potomac River estuary, is diminishing rapidly in areal extent. This study documents Dyke Marsh erosion rates from the early-1860s to the present during pre-mining, mining, and post-mining phases. From the late-1930s to the mid-1970s, Dyke Marsh and the adjacent shallow riverbottom were mined for gravel, resulting in a ~55 % initial loss of area. Marsh loss continued during the post-mining phase (1976–2012). Causes of post-mining loss were unknown, but were thought to include Potomac River flooding. Post-mining areal-erosion rates increased from 0.138 ha yr−1 (~0.37 ac yr−1) to 0.516 ha yr−1(~1.67 ac yr−1), and shoreline-erosion rates increased from 0.76 m yr−1 (~2.5 ft yr−1) to 2.60 m yr−1 (~8.5 ft yr−1). Results suggest the accelerating post-mining erosion reflects a process-driven feedback loop, enabled by the marsh's severely-altered geomorphic and hydrologic baseline system; the primary post-mining degradation process is wave-induced erosion from northbound cyclonic storms. Dyke Marsh erosion rates are now comparable to, or exceed, rates for proximal coastal marshes in the same region. Persistent and accelerated erosion of marshland long after cessation of mining illustrates the long-term, and potentially devastating, effects that temporally-restricted, anthropogenic destabilization can have on estuarine marsh systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Estuaries and Coasts","doi":"10.1007/s13157-013-0461-6","usgsCitation":"Litwin, R.J., Smoot, J.P., Pavich, M.J., Markewich, H.W., Oberg, E.T., Steury, B.W., Helwig, B., Santucci, V.L., and Sanders, G., 2013, Rates and probable causes of freshwater tidal marsh failure, Potomac River Estuary, Northern Virginia, USA: Wetlands, v. 33, p. 1037-1061, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-013-0461-6.","productDescription":"25","startPage":"1037","endPage":"1061","ipdsId":"IP-044636","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342504,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia 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\"}}]}","volume":"33","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3ce4b0764e6c65dc61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Litwin, Ronald J. 0000-0002-8661-1296 rlitwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8661-1296","contributorId":2478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litwin","given":"Ronald","email":"rlitwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smoot, Joseph P. 0000-0002-5064-8070 jpsmoot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5064-8070","contributorId":2742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"Joseph","email":"jpsmoot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pavich, Milan J. mpavich@usgs.gov","contributorId":2348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"Milan","email":"mpavich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Markewich, Helaine W. 0000-0001-9656-3243 helainem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9656-3243","contributorId":2008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markewich","given":"Helaine","email":"helainem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Oberg, Erik T.","contributorId":192884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oberg","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Steury, Brent W.","contributorId":192883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steury","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Helwig, Ben","contributorId":192895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helwig","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Santucci, Vincent L.","contributorId":192886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Santucci","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Sanders, Geoffrey","contributorId":192885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanders","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70184342,"text":"70184342 - 2013 - Analysis of Neogene deformation between Beaver, Utah and Barstow, California: Suggestions for altering the extensional paradigm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-05T16:59:54.709044","indexId":"70184342","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T11:56:33","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5198,"text":"Geological Society of America Special Papers ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of Neogene deformation between Beaver, Utah and Barstow, California: Suggestions for altering the extensional paradigm","docAbstract":"For more than two decades, the paradigm of large-magnitude (~250 km), northwest-directed (~N70°W) Neogene extensional lengthening between the Colorado Plateau and Sierra Nevada at the approximate latitude of Las Vegas has remained largely unchallenged, as has the notion that the strain integrates with coeval strains in adjacent regions and with plate-boundary strain. The paradigm depends on poorly constrained interconnectedness of extreme-case lengthening estimated at scattered localities within the region. Here we evaluate the soundness of the inferred strain interconnectedness over an area reaching 600 km southwest from Beaver, Utah, to Barstow, California, and conclude that lengthening is overestimated in most areas and, even if the estimates are valid, lengthening is not interconnected in a way that allows for published versions of province-wide summations.
We summarize Neogene strike slip in 13 areas distributed from central Utah to Lake Mead. In general, left-sense shear and associated structures define a broad zone of translation approximately parallel to the eastern boundary of the Basin and Range against the Colorado Plateau, a zone we refer to as the Hingeline shear zone. Areas of steep-axis rotation (ranging to 2500 km2) record N-S shortening rather than unevenly distributed lengthening. In most cases, the rotational shortening and extension-parallel folds and thrusts are coupled to, or absorb, strike slip, thus providing valuable insight into how the discontinuous strike-slip faults are simply parts of a broad zone of continuous strain. The discontinuous nature of strike slip and the complex mixture of extensional, contractional, and steep-axis rotational structures in the Hingeline shear zone are similar to those in the Walker Lane belt in the west part of the Basin and Range, and, together, the two record southward displacement of the central and northern Basin and Range relative to the adjacent Colorado Plateau. Understanding this province-scale coupling is critical to understanding major NS shortening and westerly tectonic escape in the Lake Mead area.
One north-elongate uplift in the Hingeline shear zone is a positive flower structure along a strike-slip fault, and we postulate that most other large uplifts are diapiric, resulting from extension-normal inflow of ductile substrate, rather than second-order isostatic responses to tectonic unloading. We also postulate that large steep-axis rotations, and some small ones as well, result from basal tractions imparted by gradients in southerly directed subjacent ductile flow rather than by shear coupling imparted by laterally variable elongation strains. The shortening strain recorded in the rotations and related structures probably matches or exceeds the magnitude of lengthening, even for the Lake Mead area where we do not question local large (~65 km) west-directed lengthening. We assess the results of extensive recent earth-science research in the Lake Mead area and conclude that previously published models of N-S convergence, westerly tectonic rafting, and N-S occlusion are valid and record unique tectonic escape accommodation for south-directed displacement of the Great Basin sector of the Basin and Range. Genetic ties between the south-directed displacement and plate-interaction forces are elusive, and we suggest the displacement results from body forces inherent in the Basin and Range.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/2013.2499(01)","usgsCitation":"Anderson, R.E., Beard, S., Mankinen, E.A., and Hillhouse, J.W., 2013, Analysis of Neogene deformation between Beaver, Utah and Barstow, California: Suggestions for altering the extensional paradigm: Geological Society of America Special Papers , v. 499, p. 1-67, https://doi.org/10.1130/2013.2499(01).","productDescription":"67 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"67","ipdsId":"IP-041656","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336973,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah","city":"Barstow, Beaver","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.1534,34.8 ], [ -117.1534,38.308351 ], [ -112.61087,38.308351 ], [ -112.61087,34.8 ], [ -117.1534,34.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"499","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4f7e4b014cc3a3ba4cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, R. Ernest","contributorId":104484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ernest","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beard, Sue 0000-0001-9552-1893 sbeard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9552-1893","contributorId":167711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"Sue","email":"sbeard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hillhouse, John W. 0000-0002-1371-4622 jhillhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1371-4622","contributorId":2618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillhouse","given":"John","email":"jhillhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":681060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70129606,"text":"70129606 - 2013 - Temporal dynamics of biogeochemical processes at the Norman Landfill site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T10:18:38","indexId":"70129606","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal dynamics of biogeochemical processes at the Norman Landfill site","docAbstract":"The temporal variability observed in redox sensitive species in groundwater can be attributed to coupled hydrological, geochemical, and microbial processes. These controlling processes are typically nonstationary, and distributed across various time scales. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate biogeochemical data sets from a municipal landfill site to identify the dominant modes of variation and determine the physical controls that become significant at different time scales. Data on hydraulic head, specific conductance, δ2H, chloride, sulfate, nitrate, and nonvolatile dissolved organic carbon were collected between 1998 and 2000 at three wells at the Norman Landfill site in Norman, OK. Wavelet analysis on this geochemical data set indicates that variations in concentrations of reactive and conservative solutes are strongly coupled to hydrologic variability (water table elevation and precipitation) at 8 month scales, and to individual eco-hydrogeologic framework (such as seasonality of vegetation, surface-groundwater dynamics) at 16 month scales. Apart from hydrologic variations, temporal variability in sulfate concentrations can be associated with different sources (FeS cycling, recharge events) and sinks (uptake by vegetation) depending on the well location and proximity to the leachate plume. Results suggest that nitrate concentrations show multiscale behavior across temporal scales for different well locations, and dominant variability in dissolved organic carbon for a closed municipal landfill can be larger than 2 years due to its decomposition and changing content. A conceptual framework that explains the variability in chemical concentrations at different time scales as a function of hydrologic processes, site-specific interactions, and/or coupled biogeochemical effects is also presented.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wrcr.20484","usgsCitation":"Arora, B., Mohanty, B., McGuire, J.T., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2013, Temporal dynamics of biogeochemical processes at the Norman Landfill site: Water Resources Research, v. 49, no. 10, p. 6909-6926, https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20484.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"6909","endPage":"6926","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-045237","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20484","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":295712,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295704,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20484"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","city":"Norman","volume":"49","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544b6a31e4b03653c63fb1e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arora, Bhavna","contributorId":66191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arora","given":"Bhavna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mohanty, Binayak P.","contributorId":52509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohanty","given":"Binayak P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, Jennifer T.","contributorId":42155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043866,"text":"70043866 - 2013 - Quaternary extensional growth folding beneath Reno, Nevada, imaged by urban seismic profiling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-07T13:48:32","indexId":"70043866","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T10:06:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quaternary extensional growth folding beneath Reno, Nevada, imaged by urban seismic profiling","docAbstract":"We characterize shallow subsurface faulting and basin structure along a transect through heavily urbanized Reno, Nevada, with high‐resolution seismic reflection imaging. The 6.8 km of P‐wave data image the subsurface to approximately 800 m depth and delineate two subbasins and basin uplift that are consistent with structure previously inferred from gravity modeling in this region of the northern Walker Lane. We interpret two primary faults that bound the uplift and deform Quaternary deposits. The dip of Quaternary and Tertiary strata in the western subbasin increases with greater depth to the east, suggesting recurrent fault motion across the westernmost of these faults. Deformation in the Quaternary section of the western subbasin is likely evidence of extensional growth folding at the edge of the Truckee River through Reno. This deformation is north of, and on trend with, previously mapped Quaternary fault strands of the Mt. Rose fault zone. In addition to corroborating the existence of previously inferred intrabasin structure, these data provide evidence for an active extensional Quaternary fault at a previously unknown location within the Truckee Meadows basin that furthers our understanding of both the seismotectonic framework and earthquake hazards in this urbanized region.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120120311","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, W.J., Frary, R.N., Louie, J., and Odum, J., 2013, Quaternary extensional growth folding beneath Reno, Nevada, imaged by urban seismic profiling: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 103, no. 5, p. 2921-2927, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120311.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2921","endPage":"2927","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-043720","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278928,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278927,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120120311"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Reno","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.002338,39.392426 ], [ -120.002338,39.723436 ], [ -119.699345,39.723436 ], [ -119.699345,39.392426 ], [ -120.002338,39.392426 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"103","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527cc493e4b0850ea050cea6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frary, Roxy N.","contributorId":14722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frary","given":"Roxy","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Louie, John","contributorId":51191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Louie","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Odum, Jackson K. 0000-0003-4697-2430 odum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4697-2430","contributorId":1365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"Jackson K.","email":"odum@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70094357,"text":"70094357 - 2013 - Moderate-magnitude earthquakes induced by magma reservoir inflation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T08:41:54","indexId":"70094357","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moderate-magnitude earthquakes induced by magma reservoir inflation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","docAbstract":"Although volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes often occur in response to magma intrusion, it is rare for them to have magnitudes larger than ~M4. On 24 May 2007, two shallow M4+ earthquakes occurred beneath the upper part of the east rift zone of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i. An integrated analysis of geodetic, seismic, and field data, together with Coulomb stress modeling, demonstrates that the earthquakes occurred due to strike-slip motion on pre-existing faults that bound Kīlauea Caldera to the southeast and that the pressurization of Kīlauea's summit magma system may have been sufficient to promote faulting. For the first time, we infer a plausible origin to generate rare moderate-magnitude VTs at Kīlauea by reactivation of suitably oriented pre-existing caldera-bounding faults. Rare moderate- to large-magnitude VTs at Kīlauea and other volcanoes can therefore result from reactivation of existing fault planes due to stresses induced by magmatic processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/2013GL058082","usgsCitation":"Wauthier, C., Roman, D., and Poland, M., 2013, Moderate-magnitude earthquakes induced by magma reservoir inflation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 20, no. 40, p. 5366-5370, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058082.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"5366","endPage":"5370","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049148","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013gl058082","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":282519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282518,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058082"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.29,19.30 ], [ -155.29,19.42 ], [ -155.18,19.42 ], [ -155.18,19.30 ], [ -155.29,19.30 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"20","issue":"40","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd67f6e4b0b29085101baa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wauthier, Christelle","contributorId":81011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wauthier","given":"Christelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roman, Diana C.","contributorId":59710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman","given":"Diana C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168409,"text":"70168409 - 2013 - The Sunny Point Formation: a new Upper Cretaceous subsurface unit in the Carolina Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-12T07:27:22","indexId":"70168409","displayToPublicDate":"2013-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Sunny Point Formation: a new Upper Cretaceous subsurface unit in the Carolina Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"This paper formally defines the Sunny Point Formation, a new Upper Cretaceous subsurface unit confined to the outer Atlantic Coastal Plain of North and South Carolina. Its type section is established in corehole NH-C-1-2001 (Kure Beach) from New Hanover County, North Carolina. The Sunny Point Formation consists of light-olive-gray to greenish-gray, fine to coarse micaceous sands and light-olive-brown and grayish-red silty, sandy clays. The clay-rich sections typically include ironstone, lignitized wood, root traces, hematite concretions, goethite, limonite, and sphaerosiderites. The Sunny Point Formation is also documented in cores from Bladen County, North Carolina, and from Dorchester and Horry Counties, South Carolina. Previously, strata of the Sunny Point Formation had been incorrectly assigned to the Cape Fear and Middendorf Formations. The Sunny Point occupies a stratigraphic position above the Cenomanian marine Clubhouse Formation and below an upper Turonian unnamed marine unit. Contacts between these units are sharp and unconformable. Calcareous nannofossil and palynomorph analyses indicate that the Sunny Point Formation is Turonian.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Balson, A.E., Self-Trail, J., and Terry, D.O., 2013, The Sunny Point Formation: a new Upper Cretaceous subsurface unit in the Carolina Coastal Plain: Southeastern Geology, v. 50, no. 1, p. 1-16.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051132","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":317960,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.southeasterngeology.org/"},{"id":317961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina and South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Carolina Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.838134765625,\n 36.500805317604794\n ],\n [\n -79.046630859375,\n 34.21634468843465\n ],\n [\n -81.485595703125,\n 32.94414888814148\n ],\n [\n -81.03515625,\n 32.008075959291055\n ],\n [\n -80.5517578125,\n 32.0732655510424\n ],\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n 34.30714385628804\n ],\n [\n -75.59692382812499,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -75.267333984375,\n 35.77325759103725\n ],\n [\n -75.82763671875,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -77.816162109375,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -77.838134765625,\n 36.500805317604794\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56bdbecee4b06458514aeee9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balson, Audra E.","contributorId":166747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balson","given":"Audra","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":24496,"text":"RETTEW Associates, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":619992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Self-Trail, Jean 0000-0002-3018-4985 jstrail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3018-4985","contributorId":147370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self-Trail","given":"Jean","email":"jstrail@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":619993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terry, Dennis O. Jr.","contributorId":95084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terry","given":"Dennis","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":619994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048430,"text":"ofr20131155 - 2013 - Meeting of the Central and Eastern U.S. (CEUS) Earthquake Hazards Program October 28–29, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-26T10:52:07","indexId":"ofr20131155","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-26T10:42:57","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1155","title":"Meeting of the Central and Eastern U.S. (CEUS) Earthquake Hazards Program October 28–29, 2009","docAbstract":"On October 28th and 29th, 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program held a meeting of Central and Eastern United States investigators and interested parties in Memphis, Tennessee. The purpose of the meeting was to bring together the Central and Eastern United States earthquake-hazards community to present and discuss recent research results, to promote communication and collaboration, to garner input regarding future research priorities, to inform the community about research opportunities afforded by the 2010–2012 arrival of EarthScope/USArray in the central United States, and to discuss plans for the upcoming bicentennial of the 1811–1812 New Madrid earthquakes. The two-day meeting included several keynote speakers, oral and poster presentations by attendees, and breakout sessions. The meeting is summarized in this report and can be subdivided into four primary sections: (1) summaries of breakout discussion groups; (2) list of meeting participants; (3) submitted abstracts; and (4) slide presentations. The abstracts and slides are included “as submitted” by the meeting participants and have not been subject to any formal peer review process; information contained in these sections reflects the opinions of the presenter at the time of the meeting and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131155","collaboration":"Fogelman Conference Center, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee","usgsCitation":"Tuttle, M., Boyd, O., and McCallister, N., 2013, Meeting of the Central and Eastern U.S. (CEUS) Earthquake Hazards Program October 28–29, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1155, Report: viii, 74 p.; CEUS Workshop Report Slides, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131155.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 74 p.; CEUS Workshop Report Slides","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131155.gif"},{"id":278120,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1155/downloads/"},{"id":278118,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1155/"},{"id":278119,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1155/pdf/OF13-1155.pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52454a26e4b0b3d37307e159","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tuttle, Martitia","contributorId":97415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"Martitia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyd, Oliver","contributorId":43095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCallister, Natasha","contributorId":89268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCallister","given":"Natasha","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048418,"text":"ofr20131238 - 2013 - The U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory: an integrated scientific program supporting research and conservation of North American birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T19:06:46.502308","indexId":"ofr20131238","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-26T09:25:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1238","title":"The U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory: an integrated scientific program supporting research and conservation of North American birds","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Bird Banding Laboratory (BBL) was established in 1920 after ratification of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act with the United Kingdom in 1918. During World War II, the BBL was moved from Washington, D.C., to what is now the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (PWRC). The BBL issues permits and bands to permittees to band birds, records bird band recoveries or encounters primarily through telephone and Internet reporting, and manages more than 72 million banding records and more than 4.5 million records of encounters using state-of-the-art technologies. Moreover, the BBL also issues bands and manages banding and encounter data for the Canadian Bird Banding Office (BBO). Each year approximately 1 million bands are shipped from the BBL to banders in the United States and Canada, and nearly 100,000 encounter reports are entered into the BBL systems. Banding data are essential for regulatory programs, especially migratory waterfowl harvest regulations.\n\nThe USGS BBL works closely with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to develop regulations for the capture, handling, banding, and marking of birds. These regulations are published in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). In 2006, the BBL and the USFWS Division of Migratory Bird Management (DMBM) began a comprehensive revision of the banding regulations.\n\nThe bird banding community has three major constituencies: Federal and State agency personnel involved in the management and conservation of bird populations that include the Flyway Councils, ornithological research scientists, and avocational banders.\n\nWith increased demand for banding activities and relatively constant funding, a Federal Advisory Committee (Committee) was chartered and reviewed the BBL program in 2005. The final report of the Committee included six major goals and 58 specific recommendations, 47 of which have been addressed by the BBL. Specifically, the Committee recommended the BBL continue to support science, conservation, and management of birds through the use of banding and banding data and that the BBL be managed by the USGS and located at the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (PWRC) in Laurel, Maryland. Recommendations that have not been implemented include those already addressed by other organizations, as well as lower priority, such as developing a BBL business plan.\n\nThe comprehensive review and recommendations of the Committee, the response of the BBL to address the Committee’s recommendations, and other improvements to its operations have positioned the BBL to provide a high level of service to the banding community. As new technologies are developed and incorporated into BBL operations, further efficiencies are expected to enable the BBL to continue to meet emerging scientific needs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Surey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131238","usgsCitation":"Smith, G.J., 2013, The U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory: an integrated scientific program supporting research and conservation of North American birds: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1238, iv, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131238.","productDescription":"iv, 88 p.","numberOfPages":"96","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278107,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1238/"},{"id":278109,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131238.jpg"},{"id":278108,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1238/pdf/ofr2013-1238.pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52454a27e4b0b3d37307e162","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Gregory J. gsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":3436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Gregory","email":"gsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048408,"text":"sir20135102 - 2013 - Simulating stream transport of nutrients in the eastern United States, 2002, using a spatially-referenced regression model and 1:100,000-scale hydrography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-25T13:04:05","indexId":"sir20135102","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-25T12:38:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5102","title":"Simulating stream transport of nutrients in the eastern United States, 2002, using a spatially-referenced regression model and 1:100,000-scale hydrography","docAbstract":"Existing Spatially Referenced Regression on Watershed attributes (SPARROW) nutrient models for the northeastern and southeastern regions of the United States were recalibrated to achieve a hydrographically consistent model with which to assess nutrient sources and stream transport and investigate specific management questions about the effects of wetlands and atmospheric deposition on nutrient transport. Recalibrated nitrogen models for the northeast and southeast were sufficiently similar to be merged into a single nitrogen model for the eastern United States. The atmospheric deposition source in the nitrogen model has been improved to account for individual components of atmospheric input, derived from emissions from agricultural manure, agricultural livestock, vehicles, power plants, other industry, and background sources. This accounting makes it possible to simulate the effects of altering an individual component of atmospheric deposition, such as nitrate emissions from vehicles or power plants. Regional differences in transport of phosphorus through wetlands and reservoirs were investigated and resulted in two distinct phosphorus models for the northeast and southeast. The recalibrated nitrogen and phosphorus models account explicitly for the influence of wetlands on regional-scale land-phase and aqueous-phase transport of nutrients and therefore allow comparison of the water-quality functions of different wetland systems over large spatial scales. Seven wetland systems were associated with enhanced transport of either nitrogen or phosphorus in streams, probably because of the export of dissolved organic nitrogen and bank erosion. Six wetland systems were associated with mitigating the delivery of either nitrogen or phosphorus to streams, probably because of sedimentation, phosphate sorption, and ground water infiltration.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135102","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Hoos, A.B., Moore, R.B., Garcia, A., Noe, G., Terziotti, S., Johnston, C.M., and Dennis, R.L., 2013, Simulating stream transport of nutrients in the eastern United States, 2002, using a spatially-referenced regression model and 1:100,000-scale hydrography: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5102, vii, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135102.","productDescription":"vii, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2002-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135102.gif"},{"id":278095,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5102/pdf/sir2013-5102.pdf"},{"id":278094,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5102/"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.11,24.35 ], [ -91.11,47.47 ], [ -64.51,47.47 ], [ -64.51,24.35 ], [ -91.11,24.35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5243f812e4b05b217bad9ffd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoos, Anne B. abhoos@usgs.gov","contributorId":2236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoos","given":"Anne","email":"abhoos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Richard B. rmoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":1464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Richard","email":"rmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garcia, Ana Maria 0000-0002-5388-1281","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-1281","contributorId":44634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Ana Maria","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noe, Gregory B.","contributorId":77805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Terziotti, Silvia E.","contributorId":90204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terziotti","given":"Silvia E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnston, Craig M. cmjohnst@usgs.gov","contributorId":1814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Craig","email":"cmjohnst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dennis, Robin L.","contributorId":42849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennis","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70048405,"text":"sir20135161 - 2013 - Enhancements to the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study (MERAS) groundwater-flow model and simulations of sustainable water-level scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-20T13:10:14","indexId":"sir20135161","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-25T11:48:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5161","title":"Enhancements to the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study (MERAS) groundwater-flow model and simulations of sustainable water-level scenarios","docAbstract":"Arkansas continues to be one of the largest users of groundwater in the Nation. As such, long-term planning and management are essential to ensure continued availability of groundwater and surface water for years to come. The Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study (MERAS) model was developed previously as a tool to evaluate groundwater availability within the Mississippi embayment, which encompasses much of eastern Arkansas where the majority of groundwater is used. The Arkansas Water Plan is being updated for the first time since 1990 and serves as the State’s primary, comprehensive water-resources planning and guidance document. The MERAS model was selected as the best available tool for evaluation of specific water-use pumping scenarios that are currently being considered by the State of Arkansas. The model, developed as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Resources Program’s assessment of the Nation’s groundwater availability, is proving to be invaluable to the State as it works toward development of a sustained yield pumping strategy. One aspect of this investigation was to evaluate multiple methods to improve the match of observed to simulated groundwater levels within the Mississippi River Valley alluvial and middle Claiborne (Sparta) aquifers in the MERAS model. Five primary methods were evaluated: (1) explicit simulation of evapotranspiration (ET), (2) upgrade of the Multi-Node Well (MNW2) Package, (3) geometry improvement within the Streamflow Routing (SFR) Package, (4) parameter estimation of select aquifer properties with pilot points, and (5) modification of water-use estimates. For the planning purposes of the Arkansas Water Plan, three scenarios were developed to evaluate potential future conditions: (1) simulation of previously optimized pumping values within the Mississippi River Valley alluvial and the middle Claiborne aquifers, (2) simulated prolonged effects of pumping at average recent (2000–5) rates, and (3) simulation of drawdown constraints on most pumping wells.
\n\nThe explicit simulation of ET indicated little, if any, improvement of model fit at the expense of much longer simulation time and was not included in further simulations. Numerous attempts to fully utilize the MNW2 Package were unsuccessful in achieving model stability, though modifications made to the water-use dataset remained intact. Final improvements in the residual statistics may be attributed to a single method, or a cumulative effect of all other methods (geometry improvement with the SFR Package, parameter estimation with pilot points, and modification of water-use estimates) attempted. The root mean squared error (RMSE) for all observations in the model is 22.65 feet (ft) over a range in observed hydraulic head of 741.66 ft. The RMSE for water-level observations in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer is 14.14 ft (an improvement of almost 3 ft) over a range in observed hydraulic head of 297.25 ft. The RMSE for the Sparta aquifer is 32.02 ft (an improvement of approximately 3 ft) over a range in observed hydraulic head of 634.94 ft.
\n\nThree scenarios were developed to utilize a steady-state version of the MERAS model. Scenario 1 was developed to use pumping values resulting from the optimization of baseline rates (typically 1997 pumping rates) from previous optimization modeling of the alluvial aquifer and the Sparta aquifer. Scenario 2 was developed to evaluate the prolonged effects of pumping from the alluvial aquifer at recent pumping rates. Scenario 3A was designed to evaluate withdrawal limits from the alluvial aquifer by utilizing drawdown constraints equal to an altitude of approximately 50 percent of the predevelopment saturated thickness of the alluvial aquifer or 30 ft above the bottom of the alluvial aquifer, whichever was greater. The results of scenario 1 indicate large water-level declines throughout the area of the alluvial aquifer, regardless of the substitution of the optimized pumping values from earlier model simulations. The results of scenario 2 also indicate large areas of water-level decline, as compared to half of the saturated thickness, throughout the alluvial aquifer. The results of scenario 3A reveal some effects from the inclusion of multiple aquifers in a single simulation. The initial configuration of scenario 3A resulted in water levels well below the defined drawdown constraint, and some areas of depleted aquifer (water levels that are near or below the bottom of the aquifer) in east-central Arkansas. A fourth simulation (scenario 3B) was configured to apply the same drawdown constraints from the alluvial aquifer wells to the Sparta aquifer wells in the depleted area. These drawdown constraints reduce leakage from the alluvial aquifer to the underlying Sparta aquifer. This configuration did not produce depleted areas within the alluvial aquifer. Scenarios 3A and 3B indicate that even when pumping is limited in the alluvial aquifer, water levels in the alluvial aquifer may continue to decline in some areas because of pumping in the underlying Sparta aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135161","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission","usgsCitation":"Clark, B.R., Westerman, D.A., and Fugitt, D.T., 2013, Enhancements to the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study (MERAS) groundwater-flow model and simulations of sustainable water-level scenarios: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5161, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135161.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135161.gif"},{"id":278148,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5161/pdf/sir2013-5161.pdf"},{"id":278089,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5161/"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.054,30.4913 ], [ -94.054,38.5052 ], [ -86.5118,38.5052 ], [ -86.5118,30.4913 ], [ -94.054,30.4913 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5243f810e4b05b217bad9fed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Brian R. 0000-0001-6611-3807 brclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-3807","contributorId":1502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Brian","email":"brclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westerman, Drew A. 0000-0002-8522-776X dawester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-776X","contributorId":4526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerman","given":"Drew","email":"dawester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fugitt, D. Todd","contributorId":7835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fugitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048400,"text":"sir20135117 - 2013 - Characterization of water quality and biological communities, Fish Creek, Teton County, Wyoming, 2007-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-25T09:01:14","indexId":"sir20135117","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-25T08:57:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5117","title":"Characterization of water quality and biological communities, Fish Creek, Teton County, Wyoming, 2007-2011","docAbstract":"Fish Creek, an approximately 25-kilometer-long tributary to Snake River, is located in Teton County in western Wyoming near the town of Wilson. Fish Creek is an important water body because it is used for irrigation, fishing, and recreation and adds scenic value to the Jackson Hole properties it runs through. Public concern about nuisance growths of aquatic plants in Fish Creek has been increasing since the early 2000s. To address these concerns, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a study in cooperation with the Teton Conservation District to characterize the hydrology, water quality, and biologic communities of Fish Creek during 2007–11.
\n\nThe hydrology of Fish Creek is strongly affected by groundwater contributions from the area known as the Snake River west bank, which lies east of Fish Creek and west of Snake River. Because of this continuous groundwater discharge to the creek, land-use activities in the west bank area can affect the groundwater quality. Evaluation of nitrate isotopes and dissolved-nitrate concentrations in groundwater during the study indicated that nitrate was entering Fish Creek from groundwater, and that the source of nitrate was commonly a septic/sewage effluent or manure source, or multiple sources, potentially including artificial nitrogen fertilizers, natural soil organic matter, and mixtures of sources.
\n\nConcentrations of dissolved nitrate and orthophosphate, which are key nutrients for growth of aquatic plants, generally were low in Fish Creek and occasionally were less than reporting levels (not detected). One potential reason for the low nutrient concentrations is that nutrients were being consumed by aquatic plant life that increases during the summer growing season, as a result of the seasonal increase in temperature and larger number of daylight hours.
\n\nSeveral aspects of Fish Creek’s hydrology contribute to higher productivity and biovolume of aquatic plants in Fish Creek than typically observed in streams of its size in Wyoming. Especially in the winter, the proportionately large, continuous gain of groundwater into Fish Creek in the perennial section keeps most of the creek free of ice. Because sunlight can still reach the streambed in Fish Creek and the water is still flowing, aquatic plants continue to photosynthesize in the winter, albeit at a lower level of productivity. Additionally, the cobble and large gravel substrate in Fish Creek provides excellent attachment points for aquatic plants, and when combined with Fish Creek’s channel stability allows rapid growth of aquatic plants once conditions allow during the spring.
\n\nThe aquatic plant community of Fish Creek was different than most streams in Wyoming in that it contains many different macrophytes—including macroalgae such as long streamers of Cladophora, aquatic vascular plants, and moss; most other streams in the state contain predominantly algae. From the banks of Fish Creek, the bottom of the stream sometimes appeared to be a solid green carpet. A shift was observed from higher amounts of microalgae in April/May to higher amounts macrophytes in August and October, and differences in the relative abundance of microalgae and macrophytes were statistically significant between seasons.
\n\nDifferences in dissolved-nitrate concentrations and in the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio were significantly different between seasons, as concentrations of dissolved nitrate decreased from April/May to August and October. It is likely that dissolved-nitrate concentrations in Fish Creek were lower in August and October because macrophytes were quickly utilizing the nutrient, and a negative correlation between macro-phytes and nitrate was found.
\n\nMacroinvertebrates also were sampled because of their role as indicators of water quality and their documented responses to perturbation such as degradation of water quality and habitat. Statistically significant seasonal differences were noted in the macroinvertebrate community. Taxa richness and relative abundance of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera, which tend to be intolerant of water-quality degradation, decreased from April/May to August; the same time period saw a corresponding increase in Diptera and noninsects, particularly Oligochaeta (worms) that are more tolerant.
\n\nSeasonal changes in macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups were significantly different. The relative abundance of gatherer-collector and scraper feeding groups decreased from April/May to August, accompanied by an increase in filterer-collector and shredders feeding groups. Seasonal changes in feeding groups might be due to the seasonal shift in aquatic plant communities, as indicated by comparison with other streams in the area that had fewer aquatic macrophytes than Fish Creek. Statistical tests of macroinvertebrate metrics indicated few differences between years or biological sampling sites on Fish Creek, although the site farthest upstream sometimes was different not only in terms of macroinvertebrates but also in streamflow, water quality, and aquatic plants.
\n\nPotential effects of contributions of additional nutrients to the Fish Creek ecosystem beyond the conditions sampled during the study period are not known. However, because virtually all of the detectable dissolved nitrate commonly was consumed by aquatic plants in August (leaving dissolved nitrate less than the reporting level in water samples), it is possible that increased nutrient contributions could cause increased growth of aquatic plants. Additional long-term monitoring of the stream, with concurrent data analysis and interpretation would be needed to determine the effects of additional nutrients on the aquatic plant community and on higher levels of the food chain.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135117","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Teton Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Eddy-Miller, C., Peterson, D.A., Wheeler, J.D., Edmiston, C.S., Taylor, M.L., and Leemon, D.J., 2013, Characterization of water quality and biological communities, Fish Creek, Teton County, Wyoming, 2007-2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5117, Report: x, 76 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135117.","productDescription":"Report: x, 76 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"90","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-042351","costCenters":[{"id":684,"text":"Wyoming Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278058,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135117.gif"},{"id":278055,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5117/"},{"id":278056,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5117/pdf/sir2013-5117.pdf"},{"id":278057,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5117/downloads/"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Teton County","otherGeospatial":"Fish Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.045942,43.409662 ], [ -111.045942,43.899253 ], [ -110.359812,43.899253 ], [ -110.359812,43.409662 ], [ -111.045942,43.409662 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5243f7cfe4b05b217bad9fe9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A.","contributorId":86755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddy-Miller","given":"Cheryl A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, David A. davep@usgs.gov","contributorId":1742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","email":"davep@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wheeler, Jerrod D. 0000-0002-0533-8700 jwheele@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0533-8700","contributorId":1893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Jerrod","email":"jwheele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edmiston, C. Scott","contributorId":30595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmiston","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, Michelle L.","contributorId":35206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leemon, Daniel J.","contributorId":70090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leemon","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70048337,"text":"sir20135168 - 2013 - Recent (circa 1998 to 2011) channel-migration rates of selected streams in Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-20T14:31:03","indexId":"sir20135168","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-20T14:13:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5168","title":"Recent (circa 1998 to 2011) channel-migration rates of selected streams in Indiana","docAbstract":"An investigation was completed to document recent (circa 1998 to 2011) channel-migration rates at 970 meander bends along 38 of the largest streams in Indiana. Data collection was completed by using the Google Earth™ platform and, for each selected site, identifying two images with capture dates separated by multiple years. Within each image, the position of the meander-bend cutbank was measured relative to a fixed local landscape feature visible in both images, and an average channel-migration rate was calculated at the point of maximum cutbank displacement. From these data it was determined that 65 percent of the measured sites have recently been migrating at a rate less than 1 ft/yr, 75 percent of the sites have been migrating at a rate less than 10 ft/yr, and while some sites are migrating in excess of 20 ft/yr, these occurrences are rare. In addition, it is shown that recent channel-migration activity is not evenly distributed across Indiana. For the stream reaches studied, far northern and much of far southern Indiana are drained by streams that recently have been relatively stationary. At the same time, this study shows that most of the largest streams in west-central Indiana and many of the largest streams in east-central Indiana have shown significant channel-migration activity during the recent past. It is anticipated that these results will support several fluvial-erosion-hazard mitigation activities currently being undertaken in Indiana.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135168","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs","usgsCitation":"Robinson, B.A., 2013, Recent (circa 1998 to 2011) channel-migration rates of selected streams in Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5168, iv, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135168.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277979,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135168.gif"},{"id":277980,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5168/"},{"id":277981,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5168/pdf/sir2013-5168.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"1983 Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0997,37.7717 ], [ -88.0997,41.7614 ], [ -84.7846,41.7614 ], [ -84.7846,37.7717 ], [ -88.0997,37.7717 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"523d6bade4b097188d6c769e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Bret A. barobins@usgs.gov","contributorId":3897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Bret","email":"barobins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048262,"text":"ofr20131224 - 2013 - Bedrock geology and outcrop fracture trends in the vicinity of the Savage Municipal Well Superfund site, Milford, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-19T09:17:51","indexId":"ofr20131224","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-19T09:04:27","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1224","title":"Bedrock geology and outcrop fracture trends in the vicinity of the Savage Municipal Well Superfund site, Milford, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"The Savage Municipal Well Superfund site consists of an eastward-directed plume of volatile organic compounds, principally tetrachloroethylene (PCE), in alluvium and glacial sand and gravel in the Souhegan River valley, just south of the river and about 4 kilometers west of the town of Milford, New Hampshire. Sampling of monitoring wells at the site has helped delineate the extent of the plume and has determined that some contaminant has migrated into the underlying crystalline bedrock, including bedrock north of the river within 200 meters of a nearby residential development that was constructed in 1999. Borehole geophysical logging has identified a northeast preferential trend for bedrock fractures, which may provide a pathway for the migration of contaminant under and north of the Souhegan River. The current study investigates the bedrock geologic setting for the site, including its position relative to known regional geologic structures, and compiles new strike and dip measurements of joints in exposed bedrock to determine if there are dominant trends in orientation similar to what was found in the boreholes. The site is located on the northwestern limb of a northeast-trending regional anticlinorium that is southeast of the Campbell Hill fault zone. The Campbell Hill fault zone defines the contact between granite and gneiss of the anticlinorium and granite and schist to the northwest and is locally marked by lenses of massive vein quartz, minor faults, and fracture zones that could potentially affect plume migration. The fault zone was apparently not intercepted by any of the boreholes that were drilled to delineate the contaminant plume and therefore passes to the north of the northernmost borehole in the vicinity of the new residential area. Joints measured in surface exposures indicate a strong preferred direction of strike to the north-northeast corroborating the borehole data and previous outcrop and geophysical studies. The north-northeast preferred direction matches the direction of elongation of the cone of depression formed during a pump test of the bedrock wells and could explain a potential pathway for the migration of contaminant north of the river.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131224","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 1 and the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services","usgsCitation":"Burton, W.C., and Harte, P.T., 2013, Bedrock geology and outcrop fracture trends in the vicinity of the Savage Municipal Well Superfund site, Milford, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1224, iii, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131224.","productDescription":"iii, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131224.gif"},{"id":277839,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1224/"},{"id":277840,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1224/pdf/ofr2013-1224.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","city":"Milford","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.75,42.8 ], [ -71.75,42.875 ], [ -71.625,42.875 ], [ -71.625,42.8 ], [ -71.75,42.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"523c0ed2e4b024b60d407256","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, William C. 0000-0001-7519-5787 bburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-5787","contributorId":1293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","email":"bburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harte, Philip T. 0000-0002-7718-1204 ptharte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":1008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"Philip","email":"ptharte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048153,"text":"ofr20131226 - 2013 - Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Beaver and Butler Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T17:44:44","indexId":"ofr20131226","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-18T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1226","title":"Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Beaver and Butler Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010","docAbstract":"Increased demands for cleaner burning energy, coupled with the relatively recent technological advances in accessing unconventional hydrocarbon-rich geologic formations, have led to an intense effort to find and extract natural gas from various underground sources around the country. One of these sources, the Marcellus Shale, located in the Allegheny Plateau, is currently undergoing extensive drilling and production. The technology used to extract gas in the Marcellus Shale is known as hydraulic fracturing and has garnered much attention because of its use of large amounts of fresh water, its use of proprietary fluids for the hydraulic-fracturing process, its potential to release contaminants into the environment, and its potential effect on water resources. Nonetheless, development of natural gas extraction wells in the Marcellus Shale is only part of the overall natural gas story in this area of Pennsylvania. Conventional natural gas wells, which sometimes use the same technique, are commonly located in the same general area as the Marcellus Shale and are frequently developed in clusters across the landscape. The combined effects of these two natural gas extraction methods create potentially serious patterns of disturbance on the landscape. This document quantifies the landscape changes and consequences of natural gas extraction for Beaver County and Butler County in Pennsylvania between 2004 and 2010. Patterns of landscape disturbance related to natural gas extraction activities were collected and digitized using National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery for 2004, 2005/2006, 2008, and 2010. The disturbance patterns were then used to measure changes in land cover and land use using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) of 2001. A series of landscape metrics is also used to quantify these changes and is included in this publication.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131226","usgsCitation":"Roig-Silva, C., Slonecker, E.T., Milheim, L., and Malizia, A.R., 2013, Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Beaver and Butler Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1226, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131226.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277746,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131226.gif"},{"id":277528,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Terry","contributorId":30901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slonecker","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Terry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milheim, Lesley E.","contributorId":100951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milheim","given":"Lesley E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Malizia, Alexander R.","contributorId":83018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malizia","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048154,"text":"ofr20131227 - 2013 - Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Lackawanna and Wayne Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T17:42:19","indexId":"ofr20131227","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-18T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1227","title":"Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Lackawanna and Wayne Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010","docAbstract":"Increased demands for cleaner burning energy, coupled with the relatively recent technological advances in accessing unconventional hydrocarbon-rich geologic formations, have led to an intense effort to find and extract natural gas from various underground sources around the country. One of these sources, the Marcellus Shale, located in the Allegheny Plateau, is currently undergoing extensive drilling and production. The technology used to extract gas in the Marcellus Shale is known as hydraulic fracturing and has garnered much attention because of its use of large amounts of fresh water, its use of proprietary fluids for the hydraulic-fracturing process, its potential to release contaminants into the environment, and its potential effect on water resources. Nonetheless, development of natural gas extraction wells in the Marcellus Shale is only part of the overall natural gas story in this area of Pennsylvania. Conventional natural gas wells, which sometimes use the same technique, are commonly located in the same general area as the Marcellus Shale and are frequently developed in clusters across the landscape. The combined effects of these two natural gas extraction methods create potentially serious patterns of disturbance on the landscape. This document quantifies the landscape changes and consequences of natural gas extraction for Lackawanna County and Wayne County in Pennsylvania between 2004 and 2010. Patterns of landscape disturbance related to natural gas extraction activities were collected and digitized using National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery for 2004, 2005/2006, 2008, and 2010. The disturbance patterns were then used to measure changes in land cover and land use using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) of 2001. A series of landscape metrics is also used to quantify these changes and is included in this publication.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131227","usgsCitation":"Milheim, L., Slonecker, E., Roig-Silva, C., and Malizia, A., 2013, Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Lackawanna and Wayne Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1227, v, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131227.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277747,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131227.PNG"},{"id":277686,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1227"},{"id":277785,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1227/pdf/of2013-1227.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.88 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Landsat satellite imagery in the Chesapeake Bay watershed is limited due to the resolution of the data and systematic discrepancies between developed land-cover classes, surface mines, forests, and farmlands. Estimates of impervious surface and turf grass area in the Mid-Atlantic, United States that were based on 2006 Landsat-derived land-cover data were substantially lower than estimates based on more authoritative and independent sources. New estimates of impervious surfaces and turf grass area derived using land-cover data combined with ancillary information on roads, housing units, surface mines, and sampled estimates of road width and residential impervious area were up to 57 and 45% higher than estimates based strictly on land-cover data. These new estimates closely approximate estimates derived from authoritative and independent sources in developed counties.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12110","usgsCitation":"Claggett, P.R., Irani, F., and Thompson, R., 2013, Estimating the extent of impervious surfaces and turf grass across large regions: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 49, no. 5, p. 1057-1077, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12110.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1057","endPage":"1077","numberOfPages":"21","ipdsId":"IP-036883","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277697,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277633,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12110"},{"id":277634,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jawr.12110/full"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware;Maryl;New York;Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.7717,37.3178 ], [ -79.7717,42.6582 ], [ -75.1904,42.6582 ], [ -75.1904,37.3178 ], [ -79.7717,37.3178 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"49","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52396bd2e4b04b9308ae4e1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Claggett, Peter R. 0000-0002-5335-2857 pclaggett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-2857","contributorId":176287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claggett","given":"Peter","email":"pclaggett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irani, Frederick M. firani@usgs.gov","contributorId":2932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irani","given":"Frederick M.","email":"firani@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Renee L. rthompson1@usgs.gov","contributorId":2933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Renee L.","email":"rthompson1@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":484055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}