Two Williams kimberlites, 250x350m and 37x390m, in the eastern part of a swarm of 30 middle Eocene alnoitic diatremes in north-central Montana, USA, contain xenoliths of garnet-bearing lherzolites, harzburgites and dunites, in addition to spinel peridotites and upper and lower crustal amphibolites and granulites. Colluvial purple, red, and pink garnets are dominantly Mg- and Cr-rich, indicating their derivation From peridotites or megacrysts, and have CaO and Cr2O3 contents that fall in the lherzolite trend.
Temperatures were calculated by the Lindsley-Dixon 20 kb method for lherzolites and by the O'Neill-Wood method for harzburgites and dunites, and pressures were calculated by the MacGregor method, or were assumed to be 50 kb for dunites. Most peridotites equilibrated at 1220-1350°C and 50-60 kb, well above a 44mW/m2 shield geotherm and on or at higher P than the graphite-diamond boundary. Four lherzolites are low T-P (830-990°C, 23-42 kb) and are close to the shield geotherm. All four low T-P lherzolites have coarse textures whereas the high T-P cluster has both coarse and porphyroclastic textures, indicating a range of conditions of deformation and recrystallization in a restricted high T-P range. The tiny size (0.01-0.2 mm) of granulated and euhedral olivines in several xenoliths shows that deformation was occurring just prior to incorporation in kimberlite and that ascent was rapid enough (40-70 km/hr) to retard Further coarsening of fine-grained olivine. For other high T-P peridotites, cessation of deformation and beginning of recrystallization before or during inclusion in kimberlite is suggested by larger (up to 3mm) euhedral olivines in a matrix of fine granulated olivine or by optical continuity of large and nearby small olivines.
Two low T-P lherzolites contain distinctive, phlogopite-rimmed, 5-8mm clots of moderate-Cr garnet + Cr-spinel + Cr-diopside + enstatite that are inferred to have formed by reaction of an initial high-Cr garnet brought into the garnet + spinel stability Field. This suggests a reduction in pressure and temperature prior to inclusion in the kimberlite, followed by metasomatic introduction of phlogopite. These textural and compositional variations of peridotites seem most compatible with kimberlite generation and ascent during dynamic diapiric perturbation of the upper mantle.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr83172","usgsCitation":"Hearn, B., and McGee, E.S., 1983, Garnet peridotites from Williams kimberlites, north-central Montana, U.S.A: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-172, i, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83172.","productDescription":"i, 26 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408926,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13923.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":37132,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0172/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0172/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.667,\n 47.867\n ],\n [\n -108.667,\n 47.842\n ],\n [\n -108.708,\n 47.842\n ],\n [\n -108.708,\n 47.867\n ],\n [\n -108.667,\n 47.867\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b135c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearn, B.C.","contributorId":7700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"B.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGee, E. S.","contributorId":75927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4082,"text":"cir894 - 1983 - Recommended procedures and methodology of coal description","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-22T15:13:05","indexId":"cir894","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"894","title":"Recommended procedures and methodology of coal description","docAbstract":"This document is the result of a workshop on coal description held for the Branch of Coal Resources of the U.S. Geological Survey in March 1982. It has been prepared to aid and encourage the field-oriented coal scientist to participate directly in petrographic coal-description activities. The objectives and past and current practices of coal description vary widely. These are briefly reviewed and illustrated with examples. Sampling approaches and techniques for collecting columnar samples of fresh coal are also discussed. The recommended procedures and methodology emphasize the fact that obtaining a good megascopic description of a coal bed is much better done in the laboratory with a binocular microscope and under good lighting conditions after the samples have been cut and quickly prepared. For better observation and cross-checking using a petrographic microscope for identification purposes, an in-place polishing procedure (requiring less than 2 min) is routinely used. Methods for using both the petrographic microscope and an automated image analysis system are also included for geologists who have access to such instruments. To describe the material characteristics of a coal bed in terms of microlithotypes or lithotypes, a new nomenclature of (V), (E), (1), (M). (S). (X1). (X2) and so on is used. The microscopic description of the modal composition of a megascopically observed lithologic type is expressed in terms of (VEIM); subscripts are used to denote the volume percentage of each constituent present. To describe a coal-bed profile, semiquantitative data (without microscopic study) and quantitative data (with microscopic study) are presented in ready-to-understand form. The average total composition of any thickness interval or of the entire coal bed can be plotted on a triangular diagram having V, E, and I+ M +S as the apices. The modal composition of any mixed lithologies such as (X1), (X2), and so on can also be plotted on such a triangular ternary diagram. Such diagrams can be used either for tracing compositional variations throughout a single coal-bed profile or for comparing variations between different coal beds.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir894","usgsCitation":"Chao, E., Minkin, J., and Thompson, C., 1983, Recommended procedures and methodology of coal description: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 894, iv, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir894.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0894/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":271070,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0894/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db644603","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chao, E.C.","contributorId":47358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minkin, J.A.","contributorId":38588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minkin","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, C.L.","contributorId":12189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":3916,"text":"cir878B - 1983 - A U.S. Geological Survey Data Standard (Specifications for representation of geographic point locations for information interchange)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:26","indexId":"cir878B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"878","chapter":"B","title":"A U.S. Geological Survey Data Standard (Specifications for representation of geographic point locations for information interchange)","docAbstract":"This standard establishes uniform formats for geographic point location data. Geographic point location refers to the use of a coordinate system to define the position of a point that may be on, above, or below the Earth's surface. It provides a means for representing these data in digital form for the purpose of interchanging information among data systems and improving clarity and accuracy of interpersonal communications. \r\n\r\nThis document is an expansion and clarification of National Bureau of Standards FIPS PUB 70, issued October 24, 1980. There are minor editorial changes, plus the following additions and modifications: \r\n\r\n(I) The representation of latitude and longitude using radian measure was added. \r\n\r\n(2) Alternate 2 for Representation of Hemispheric Information was deleted. \r\n\r\n(3) Use of the maximum precision for all numerical values was emphasized. The Alternate Representation of Precision was deleted. \r\n\r\n(4) The length of the zone representation for the State Plane Coordinate System was standardized. \r\n\r\n(5) The term altitude was substituted for elevation throughout to conform with international usage. \r\n\r\n(6) Section 3, Specifications for Altitude Data, was expanded and upgraded significantly to the same level of detail as for the \r\nhorizontal values. \r\n\r\n(7) A table delineating the coverage of Universal Transverse Mercator zones and the longitudes of the Central Meridians was added and the other tables renumbered. \r\n\r\n(8) The total length of the representation of point location data at maximum precision was standardized.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir878B","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1983, A U.S. Geological Survey Data Standard (Specifications for representation of geographic point locations for information interchange): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 878, iv, B1-B24 p. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir878B.","productDescription":"iv, B1-B24 p. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1983/0878b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31002,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1983/0878b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd496de4b0b290850ef28a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3835,"text":"cir907 - 1983 - Hydrologic and geologic aspects of waste management and disposal; a bibliography of publications by U.S. Geological Survey authors, 1950-81","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:40","indexId":"cir907","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"907","title":"Hydrologic and geologic aspects of waste management and disposal; a bibliography of publications by U.S. Geological Survey authors, 1950-81","docAbstract":"References to more than 550 reports, articles, and maps are listed alphabetically by author and are indexed by subject. The subject index includes geographic-area terms. Citations from 69 series are included; series are listed separately. The publications listed report the results of U.S. Geological Survey research and field projects throughout the Nation concerning earth-science aspects of waste management and disposal. They include organic, inorganic, and radioactive wastes and related topics such as mathematical models of solute transport. Most of the references are to (1) Geological Survey report series such as Water-Supply Papers, Professional Papers, Bulletins, Circulars, Water-Resources Investigations, and Open-File Reports, (2) technical journals of professional organizations, or (3) reports by other Federal and State agencies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey ;\r\nApplication to Distribution Branch, Text Products Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir907","usgsCitation":"Handman, E.H., 1983, Hydrologic and geologic aspects of waste management and disposal; a bibliography of publications by U.S. Geological Survey authors, 1950-81: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 907, iii, 40 p. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir907.","productDescription":"iii, 40 p. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1983/0907/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30908,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1983/0907/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683f6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Handman, Elinor H.","contributorId":31748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handman","given":"Elinor","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":36483,"text":"fwsobs82_68 - 1983 - Ecological models of the Mississippi deltaic plain region: data collection and presentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:28","indexId":"fwsobs82_68","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/68","title":"Ecological models of the Mississippi deltaic plain region: data collection and presentation","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Costanza, R., 1983, Ecological models of the Mississippi deltaic plain region: data collection and presentation: FWS/OBS 82/68, xvii, 342 p. : ill.; 28 cm.","productDescription":"xvii, 342 p. : ill.; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627bd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Costanza, Robert","contributorId":93950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costanza","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":53498,"text":"fwsobs82_10_35 - 1983 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Longnose sucker","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T15:27:52.756071","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_35","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.35","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Longnose sucker","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop riverine and lacustrine habitat models for Longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus), a freshwater fish. The models are scaled to produce an index of habitat suitability between 0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1 (optimally suitable habitat) for freshwater areas of the continental United States. Habitat suitability indexes (HSI's) are designed for use with the habitat evaluation procedures developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Edwards, E.A., 1983, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Longnose sucker: FWS/OBS 82/10.35, vi, 21 p.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6497e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":39421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":59038,"text":"mf1542C - 1983 - Mineral resource potential map of the Spanish Peaks Wilderness Study Area, Huerfano and Las Animas counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T13:51:38","indexId":"mf1542C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1542","chapter":"C","title":"Mineral resource potential map of the Spanish Peaks Wilderness Study Area, Huerfano and Las Animas counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"A geologic and geochemical investigation and a survey of mines and prospects have been conducted to evaluate the mineral resource potential of the Spanish Peaks Wilderness Study Area, Huerfano and Las Animas Counties, in south-central Colorado. The·study area is underlain by sedimentary rocks of Paleozoic to Tertiary age (Johnson, 1969). Stocks and dikes were emplaced between 20 and 25 m.y. ago (Smith, 1979) forming East and West Spanish Peaks and the White Peaks.
\nMost of the study area lacks significant geochemical anomalies and has a low mineral potential. Anomalous concentrations of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in the rocks and drainage basins in the vicinity of the old mines and prospects on West Spanish Peak indicate a moderate potential for small mineralized veins in this area. Ore-bearing veinlets have been worked in the past, primarily for silver and lead; however, the sparsity, small size, and low grade of the veins diminish their significance.
\nThe depth of several thousand feet at which coal may underlie the surface rocks of the study area makes it a resource with little likelihood of development. The potential for oil and gas appears low because of the apparent lack of structural traps and the intense igneous activity in the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1542C","usgsCitation":"Budding, K.E., and Kluender, S.E., 1983, Mineral resource potential map of the Spanish Peaks Wilderness Study Area, Huerfano and Las Animas counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1542, Report: 5 p.; Plate: 35.17 x 22.37 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1542C.","productDescription":"Report: 5 p.; Plate: 35.17 x 22.37 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1542C.jpg"},{"id":310525,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1542-C/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310526,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1542-C/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Huerfano County, Las Animas County","otherGeospatial":"Spanish Peaks Wilderness Study Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.11749999999999,37.333333333333336 ], [ -105.11749999999999,37.416666666666664 ], [ -104.86749999999999,37.416666666666664 ], [ -104.86749999999999,37.333333333333336 ], [ -105.11749999999999,37.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3f3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Budding, Karin E.","contributorId":32164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budding","given":"Karin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kluender, Steven E.","contributorId":49842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kluender","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1329,"text":"wsp2201 - 1983 - Geohydrology and effects of water use in the Black Mesa area, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8772,"text":"ofr81911 - 1981 - Geohydrology and effects of water use in the Black Mesa area, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona","indexId":"ofr81911","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrology and effects of water use in the Black Mesa area, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1329,"text":"wsp2201 - 1983 - Geohydrology and effects of water use in the Black Mesa area, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona","indexId":"wsp2201","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrology and effects of water use in the Black Mesa area, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:18","indexId":"wsp2201","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2201","title":"Geohydrology and effects of water use in the Black Mesa area, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona","docAbstract":"The N aquifer is the main source of water in the 5,400-square-mile Black Mesa area in the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations in northeastern Arizona. The N aquifer consists of the Navajo Sandstone and parts of the underlying Kayenta Formation and Wingate Sandstone of Jurassic and Triassic age. Maximum saturated thickness of the aquifer is about 1,050 feet in the northwestern part of the area, and the aquifer thins to extinction to the southeast. Water is under confined conditions in the central 3,300 square miles of the area. To the east, north, and west of Black Mesa, the aquifer is exposed at the surface, and water is unconfined. The aquifer was in equilibrium before about 1965. Recharge of about 13,000 acre-feet per year was balanced primarily by discharge near Moenkopi Wash and Laguna Creek and by evapotranspiration. At least 180 million acre-feet of water was in storage. The estimated average hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer is 0.65 foot per day. The confined storage coefficient is estimated to be about 0.0004 where the aquifer is thickest, and the estimated unconfined storage coefficient ranges from 0.10 to 0.15. \r\n\r\nGround-water withdrawals that averaged 5,300 acre-feet per year from 1976 to 1979 have caused water levels to decline in wells in the confined part of the aquifer. Withdrawals include an average of 3,700 acre-feet per year to supply a coal-slurry pipeline from a coal mine on Black Mesa. Six observation wells equipped with water-level recorders have been used to monitor aquifer response. The water level in one well 32 miles south of the mine declined 17 feet from 1972 through 1979 and 3.5 feet during 1979. \r\n\r\nA mathematical model of the N aquifer was developed and calibrated for equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions. The model was used in part to improve estimates of aquifer characteristics and the water budget, and it successfully reproduced the observed response of the aquifer through 1979. The model results indicate that about 95 percent of the 44,000 acre-feet of water pumped from 1965 to 1979 was withdrawn from storage, but the reduction amounted to less than 0.03 percent of total storage. Water-level declines through 1979 were estimated to be more than 100 feet in an area of 200 square miles. Four projections of future water-level changes were made using the model. The most probable projection indicates that water-level declines would exceed 100 feet in an area of 440 square miles by 2001. Most of the decline would be recovered within a few years if withdrawals at the mine ceased. By 1990, however, municipal-supply pumpage is expected to exceed pumpage at the mine, and this pumpage would continue to have significant impacts on water levels in the Black Mesa area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2201","usgsCitation":"Eychaner, J.H., 1983, Geohydrology and effects of water use in the Black Mesa area, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2201, vi, 26 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2201.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2201/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26384,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2201/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a731","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eychaner, James H.","contributorId":102050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eychaner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9438,"text":"ofr82901 - 1983 - Microcumpter computation of water quality discharges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:23","indexId":"ofr82901","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-901","title":"Microcumpter computation of water quality discharges","docAbstract":"A fully prompted program (SEDQ) has been developed to calculate daily and instantaneous water quality (QW) discharges. It is written in a version of BASIC, and requires inputs of gage heights, discharge rating curve, shifts, and water quality concentration information. Concentration plots may be modified interactively using the display screen. Semi-logarithmic plots of concentration and water quality discharge are output to the display screen, and optionally to plotters. A summary table of data is also output. SEDQ could be a model program for micro and minicomputer systems likely to be in use within the Water Resources Division, USGS, in the near future. The daily discharge-weighted mean concentration is one output from SEDQ. It is defined in this report, differentiated from the currently used mean concentration, and designated the ' equivalent concentration. ' (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr82901","usgsCitation":"Helsel, D., 1983, Microcumpter computation of water quality discharges: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-901, iii, 51 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82901.","productDescription":"iii, 51 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0901/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37147,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0901/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bd64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helsel, Dennis R.","contributorId":85569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"Dennis R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1057,"text":"wsp2237 - 1983 - Regional flow in the Dakota aquifer: A study of the role of confining layers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-23T19:18:02.542032","indexId":"wsp2237","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2237","title":"Regional flow in the Dakota aquifer: A study of the role of confining layers","docAbstract":"The Dakota Sandstone in South Dakota is one of the classic artesian aquifers; it was first studied by N. H. Darton at the turn of the century. Since then, hydrogeologists have debated the source of the large quantities of water which have been discharged by artesian flow from the Dakota. Among suggestions for the source of this water are (1) recharge of the aquifer at outcrops in the Black Hills, (2) compaction and compressive storage within the aquifer, (3)leakage through confining layers, and (4) upward flow from the underlying Madison Group limestones. \r\n\r\nA series of increasingly refined models of the aquifer system in South Dakota have been developed and used for numerical simulations of the ground-water flow. The simulations have provided estimates of leakage through the confining layers. The results indicate that, before development, most of the flow into and out of the Dakota Sandstone occurred as leakage through confining layers and, since development, most of the water released from storage has come from the confining layers. \r\n\r\nIn situ and laboratory hydraulic conductivity measurements have been made for the Cretaceous shale confining layer which overlies the Dakota. These data indicate hydraulic conductivities which are one to three orders of magnitude lower than the conductivities indicated by the numerical analyses; this suggests that the leakage through the confining layer is largely through fractures. The fractures apparently did not influence the laboratory and in situ measurements. \r\n\r\nTo test the conception of flow in the aquifer-confining layer system derived from our analyses, the transport of sulfate in the system was simulated. Simulations using a numerical ground-water transport model were reasonably successful in explaining the present distribution of sulfate in the system. This result increases confidence in the flow system implied by the flow simulations in which leakage through confining layers is dominant.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2237","usgsCitation":"Bredehoeft, J.D., Neuzil, C., and Milly, P.C., 1983, Regional flow in the Dakota aquifer: A study of the role of confining layers: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2237, iv, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2237.","productDescription":"iv, 45 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411005,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25541.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":25731,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2237/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138082,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2237/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Dakota aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.432,\n 45.946\n ],\n [\n -104.049,\n 45.946\n ],\n [\n -104.049,\n 42.477\n ],\n [\n -96.432,\n 42.477\n ],\n [\n -96.432,\n 45.946\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db610782","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bredehoeft, John D.","contributorId":86747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neuzil, C. E. 0000-0003-2022-4055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":81078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milly, P. C.","contributorId":80652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":18794,"text":"ofr83914 - 1983 - The effects of water content and water resistivity on the dispersion of resistivity and dielectric constant in quartz sand in the frequency range 10^2 to 10^8 Hz","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:44","indexId":"ofr83914","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-914","title":"The effects of water content and water resistivity on the dispersion of resistivity and dielectric constant in quartz sand in the frequency range 10^2 to 10^8 Hz","docAbstract":"Using modifications of previously developed methods, measurements were made of the resistivity and the dielectric constant of two similar quartz sands of different porosity over the frequency range 102-108 Hertz for various water contents and water resistivities. Dispersion is pronounced in all the resistivity data above 106 Hz. As water content decreases, resistivity dispersion becomes noticeable at lower frequencies. The resistivity data at all frequencies, however, fit an empirical prediction formula relating observed resistivity to water saturation and resistivity of the saturated sample. The data suggest that the dispersion of resistivity of some earth materials with frequency may be predicted on the basis of curve matching of the data obtained in this investigation with the resistivity of the material at a frequency of 100 Hz or lower. \r\n\r\nThe dispersion of dielectric constant with frequency is pronounced at all frequencies, being more pronounced with increasing water content. The shape of the dispersion curve is dependent on the resistivity of the water in the sample.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83914","usgsCitation":"Eberle, W., 1983, The effects of water content and water resistivity on the dispersion of resistivity and dielectric constant in quartz sand in the frequency range 10^2 to 10^8 Hz: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-914, 35 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83914.","productDescription":"35 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0914/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48163,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0914/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65ddee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberle, W.R.","contributorId":98342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberle","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9882,"text":"ofr83492 - 1983 - Modifications of the IBM personal computer synchronous communications support programs for use with the Multics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:10","indexId":"ofr83492","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-492","title":"Modifications of the IBM personal computer synchronous communications support programs for use with the Multics","docAbstract":"Version 1.00 of the Asynchronous Communications Support supplied with the IBM Personal Computer must be modified to be used for communications with Multics. Version 2.00 can be used as supplied, but error checking and screen printing capabilities can be added by using modifications very similar to those required for Version 1.00. This paper describes and lists required programs on Multics and appropriate modifications to both Versions 1.00 and 2.00 of the programs supplied by IBM.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83492","usgsCitation":"Kork, J.O., 1983, Modifications of the IBM personal computer synchronous communications support programs for use with the Multics: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-492, 26 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83492.","productDescription":"26 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0492/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37670,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0492/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db62862a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kork, John O.","contributorId":20323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kork","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28092,"text":"wri834175 - 1983 - A two-dimensional, finite-difference model of the high plains aquifer in southern South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:43","indexId":"wri834175","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4175","title":"A two-dimensional, finite-difference model of the high plains aquifer in southern South Dakota","docAbstract":"The High Plains aquifer is the principal source of water for irrigation, industry, municipalities, and domestic use in south-central South Dakota. The aquifer, composed of upper sandstone units of the Arikaree Formation, and the overlying Ogallala and Sand Hills Formations, was simulated using a two-dimensional, finite-difference computer model. The maximum difference between simulated and measured potentiometric heads was less than 60 feet (1- to 4-percent error). Two-thirds of the simulated potentiometric heads were within 26 feet of the measured values (3-percent error). The estimated saturated thickness, computed from simulated potentiometric heads, was within 25-percent error of the known saturated thickness for 95 percent of the study area. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834175","usgsCitation":"Kolm, K., and Case, H.L., 1983, A two-dimensional, finite-difference model of the high plains aquifer in southern South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4175, v, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834175.","productDescription":"v, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4175/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56911,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4175/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5c32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolm, K.E.","contributorId":88784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolm","given":"K.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Case, H. L. III","contributorId":70435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"H.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":60506,"text":"mf1383D - 1983 - Map showing characteristics of lode gold in the Medford 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Oregon-California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T08:56:08","indexId":"mf1383D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1383","chapter":"D","title":"Map showing characteristics of lode gold in the Medford 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Oregon-California","docAbstract":"About 500 lode gold occurrences, prospects, and mines have been reported from the Medford 1o x 2o quadrangle, Oregon-California. Summary descriptions of individual lode gold deposits and districts which include those occurrences in the Medford 1o x 2o quadrangle have been published by Brooks and Ramp (1968) and Hotz (1971) and by others cited in the reference lists in these two publications. As part of the Medford CUSMAP project between 1974 and 1980, some of these deposits were examined in the field during geologic mapping and geochemical sampling and most of the available information on individual deposits was compiled into a CRIB computer file (Computerized Resource Information Bank). This report is a summary of the more pertinent geologic and economic characteristics of the lode gold deposits for use in the resource evaluation part of the Medford CUSMAP project. The significant features described include the distribution of deposits and their relation to gross geologic and lithologic features, production information, mineralogy of the ore and gangue, gold-silver ratios, and speculations on possible genetic models for some types of deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1383D","usgsCitation":"Page, N.J., Johnson, M.G., and Peterson, J.A., 1983, Map showing characteristics of lode gold in the Medford 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Oregon-California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1383, 46.46 x 37.93 inches and 22.01 x 41.16 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1383D.","productDescription":"46.46 x 37.93 inches and 22.01 x 41.16 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1383D.PNG"},{"id":327413,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1383-D/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":327406,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1383-D/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124,42 ], [ -124,43 ], [ -122,43 ], [ -122,42 ], [ -124,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a95e4b07f02db659b50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, Norman J.","contributorId":46492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Maureen G.","contributorId":97492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Maureen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, Jocelyn A.","contributorId":13954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Jocelyn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10521,"text":"ofr83865 - 1983 - Hydrologic data for the Great and Denbow heaths in eastern Maine, October 1981 through October 1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:30","indexId":"ofr83865","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-865","title":"Hydrologic data for the Great and Denbow heaths in eastern Maine, October 1981 through October 1982","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data collected on the Great and Denbow Heaths, Maine, include precipitation, pan evaporation, air temperatures, streamflow, and ground water levels. These data were collected for a peat bog hydrology study conducted in cooperation with the Maine Geological Survey. The data network consisted of climate information from three rain gages, an evaporation pan and two maximum-minimum thermometers; surface water information from two continuous gaging stations and 19 partial record sites; groundwater information from an observation well equipped with a continuous recorder and 106 piezometers. Methods used for the collection and analyses of data included standard Survey techniques modified for the unique hydrologic environment of the study area. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83865","usgsCitation":"Nichols, W.J., 1983, Hydrologic data for the Great and Denbow heaths in eastern Maine, October 1981 through October 1982: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-865, 34 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83865.","productDescription":"34 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0865/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38370,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0865/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c79f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, Wallace J.","contributorId":81106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"Wallace","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":36551,"text":"fwsobs82_10_34 - 1983 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Bigmouth buffalo","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T15:44:48.375023","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_34","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.34","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Bigmouth buffalo","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop riverine and lacustrine habitat models for Bigmouth buffalo (Ictiobus cyprinellus), a freshwater fish. The models are scaled to produce an indices of habitat suitability between 0 (unsuitable habitat) and 1 (optimally suitable habitat) for freshwater areas of the continental United States. Other habitat suitability models found in the literature are also included. Habitat suitability indices (HSI's) are designed for use with the habitat evaluation procedures developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Edwards, E.A., 1983, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Bigmouth buffalo: FWS/OBS 82/10.34, vi, 23 p.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":166761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649d1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":39421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":36552,"text":"fwsobs82_10_37 - 1983 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black-capped chickadee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T15:38:39.712841","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_37","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.37","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black-capped chickadee","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information was used to develop a habitat model for the black-capped chickadee (Parus atricapillus). The model is scaled to produce an index of habitat suitability between 0 (unsuitable habitat) and 1 (optimally suitable habitat) for areas of the continental United States. Habitat suitability indexes are designed for use with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, R.L., 1983, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black-capped chickadee: FWS/OBS 82/10.37, v, 12 p.","productDescription":"v, 12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":166762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649c70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Richard L.","contributorId":10368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":36553,"text":"fwsobs82_10_38 - 1983 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Downy woodpecker","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T15:38:08.659804","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_38","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.38","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Downy woodpecker","docAbstract":"A review and synthesis of existing information was used to develop a habitat model for the downy woodpecker (Picoides eubescens). The model is scaled to produce an index of habitat suitability between 0 (unsuitable habitat) and 1 (optimally suitable habitat) for areas of the continental United States. Habitat suitability indexes are designed for use with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, R.L., 1983, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Downy woodpecker: FWS/OBS 82/10.38, v, 10 p.","productDescription":"v, 10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":166763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640f41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Richard L.","contributorId":10368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10520,"text":"ofr83866 - 1983 - Hydrologic data for the Great and Denbow heaths in eastern Maine, October 1980 through September 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:30","indexId":"ofr83866","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-866","title":"Hydrologic data for the Great and Denbow heaths in eastern Maine, October 1980 through September 1981","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data collected on the Great and Denbow Heaths, Maine, include precipitation, pan evaporation, air temperatures, streamflow, groundwater levels, and water quality constituents. These data were collected for a peat bog hydrology study conducted in cooperation with the Maine Geological Survey. The data network consisted of climate information from three rain gages, an evaporation pan, and two maximum-minimum thermometers; surface water information from two continuous gaging stations and 19 partial record sites; groundwater information from an observation well equipped with a continuous recorder and 106 piezometers; and water quality information from 13 wells and seven surface water sites. Water quality constituents include: field determinations of pH, specific conductance, and temperature, and laboratory determinations of common inorganic cations and anions, trace elements, and selected organic compounds. Methods used for the collection and analyses of data included standard Survey techniques modified for the unique hydrologic environment of the study area. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83866","usgsCitation":"Nichols, W.J., Smath, J., and Adamik, J., 1983, Hydrologic data for the Great and Denbow heaths in eastern Maine, October 1980 through September 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-866, iii, 47 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83866.","productDescription":"iii, 47 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0866/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38369,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0866/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db608359","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, Wallace J.","contributorId":81106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"Wallace","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smath, J.A.","contributorId":15174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smath","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adamik, J.T.","contributorId":55441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adamik","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10518,"text":"ofr83217 - 1983 - Drift-mine reclamation in Big Four Hollow near Lake Hope, Ohio; a preliminary data report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:29","indexId":"ofr83217","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-217","title":"Drift-mine reclamation in Big Four Hollow near Lake Hope, Ohio; a preliminary data report","docAbstract":"A subsurface clay dike and hydraulic seals were constructed in 1979 by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Reclamation, to reduce acid mine drainage from an abandoned drift mine into Big Four Hollow Creek; Big Four Hollow Creek flow into Sandy Run, the major tributary to Lake Hope. A monitoring program was established in 1979 by the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division to evaluate sealing effects on surface-water and ground-water systems fo the Big Four Hollow Creek and Sandy Run area just below the mine.\r\n\r\nData were collected by private consultants in 1970-71 near the mouth of Big Four Hollow Creek (U.S. Geological Survey station (03201700). Results showed an average pH of 3.1 (calculated from mean hydrogen-ion concentration in moles per liter) and a pH range of 2.7 to 4.8. The estimated sulfate load was 1,000 pounds per day, and the estimated iron load wsa 100 pounds per day.\r\n\r\nData collected in 1979, before dike construction at this site, showed a daily mean pH range of 3.4 to 5.4 with an average of 3.7, and a daily mean specific-conductance range of 160 to 600 micromhos per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (?mho/cm), averaging 400. Again, the estimated sulfate load was 1,000 pounds per day, but the estimated iron load had decreased to 50 pounds per day.\r\n\r\nThe first 6 months of postconstruction data from the site in 1980 showd a daily mean pH range of 4.5 to 6.8 with an average of 4.9, and a daily mean conductance range of 175 to 405 ?mho/cm with an average of 300. The estimated sulfate load had decreased to 570 pounds per day and the iron load to 8.5 pounds per day.\r\n\r\nData collected during the first 6 months after construction indicate moderate improvement in water quality. However, acidic water is still being impounded behind the dike and seals and has not yet been flushed ou by infiltrating rain and ground water. Because the system has not yet stabilized, no interpretation or conclusive statement can be made at this time.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83217","usgsCitation":"Nichols, V.E., 1983, Drift-mine reclamation in Big Four Hollow near Lake Hope, Ohio; a preliminary data report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-217, v, 120 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83217.","productDescription":"v, 120 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0217/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38366,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0217/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, Vance E. vnichols@usgs.gov","contributorId":5456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Vance","email":"vnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":161530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":36557,"text":"fwsobs82_10_42 - 1983 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Southern red-backed vole (western United States)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T15:35:53.099877","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_42","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.42","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Southern red-backed vole (western United States)","docAbstract":"Habitat preferences of the southern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys gapperi) are\r\ndescribed in this publication, which is one of a series of Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) models. A review and synthesis of the literature is followed by development of a model of the species-habitat requirements of the southern red-backed vole. Habitat suitability indexes are designed for use with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Allen, A.W., 1983, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Southern red-backed vole (western United States): FWS/OBS 82/10.42, v, 14 p.","productDescription":"v, 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":164713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64979a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Arthur W.","contributorId":40648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}