{"pageNumber":"1511","pageRowStart":"37750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165309,"records":[{"id":70043511,"text":"70043511 - 2012 - Evolution of the chemistry of Fe bearing waters during CO<sub>2</sub> degassing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T12:14:28","indexId":"70043511","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of the chemistry of Fe bearing waters during CO<sub>2</sub> degassing","docAbstract":"The rates of Fe(II) oxidation and precipitation from groundwater are highly pH dependent. Elevated levels of dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> can depress pH and cause difficulty in removing dissolved Fe and associated metals during treatment of ferruginous water. This paper demonstrates interdependent changes in pH, dissolved inorganic C species, and Fe(II) oxidation rates that occur as a result of the removal (degassing) of CO<sub>2</sub> during aeration of waters discharged from abandoned coal mines. The results of field monitoring of aeration cascades at a treatment facility as well as batchwise aeration experiments conducted using net alkaline and net acidic waters in the UK are combined with geochemical modelling to demonstrate the spatial and temporal evolution of the discharge water chemistry. The aeration cascades removed approximately 67% of the dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> initially present but varying the design did not affect the concentration of Fe(II) leaving the treatment ponds. Continued removal of the residual CO<sub>2</sub> by mechanical aeration increased pH by as much as 2 units and resulted in large increases in the rates of Fe(II) oxidation and precipitation. Effective exsolution of CO<sub>2</sub> led to a reduction in the required lime dose for removal of remaining Fe(II), a very important factor with regard to increasing the sustainability of treatment practices. An important ancillary finding for passive treatment is that varying the design of the cascades had little impact on the rate of CO<sub>2</sub> removal at the flow rates measured.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.07.017","usgsCitation":"Geroni, J., Cravotta, C., and Sapsford, D., 2012, Evolution of the chemistry of Fe bearing waters during CO<sub>2</sub> degassing: Applied Geochemistry, v. 27, no. 12, p. 2335-2347, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.07.017.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2335","endPage":"2347","ipdsId":"IP-036541","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272238,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.07.017"}],"volume":"27","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd58abe4b0b290850f83e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geroni, J.N.","contributorId":21054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geroni","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cravotta, C.A. III","contributorId":18405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"C.A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sapsford, D.J.","contributorId":85490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sapsford","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044786,"text":"70044786 - 2012 - Rare earths, the lanthanides, yttrium and scandium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-05T16:44:01","indexId":"70044786","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rare earths, the lanthanides, yttrium and scandium","docAbstract":"In 2011, rare earths were recovered from bastnasite concentrates at the Mountain Pass Mine in California. Consumption of refined rare-earth products decreased in 2011 from 2010. U.S. rare-earth imports originated primarily from China, with lesser amounts from Austria, Estonia, France and Japan. The United States imported all of its demand for yttrium metal and yttrium compounds, with most of it originating from China. Scandium was imported in various forms and processed domestically.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Bedinger, G., and Bleiwas, D., 2012, Rare earths, the lanthanides, yttrium and scandium: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 86-88.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"88","ipdsId":"IP-037124","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51877f6ce4b078fc9c244bc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedinger, G.","contributorId":11921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedinger","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bleiwas, D.","contributorId":103553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleiwas","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70003830,"text":"70003830 - 2012 - Evidence of local adaptation in westslope cutthroat trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T10:08:23","indexId":"70003830","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of local adaptation in westslope cutthroat trout","docAbstract":"An understanding of the process of local adaptation would allow managers to better protect and conserve species. Many salmonids are in need of such efforts, and because they often persist in differing, isolated environments, they are useful organisms for studying local adaptation. In addition, the temperature sensitivity of salmonids provides a likely target for natural selection. We studied thermal adaptation in four wild populations and one hatchery stock of westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi . The mean summer temperatures of source streams ranged from 6.7°C to 11.2°C. Embryos were collected from the wild, and embryonic development, embryonic survival, and juvenile growth were determined. A significant relationship between median embryonic survival and source stream temperature was detected. Based on a rank test, populations from colder streams had a greater decline in median embryonic survival at warm temperatures than populations from warmer streams. Embryonic development and juvenile growth did not appear to be influenced by source. These findings suggest that populations are thermally adapted to their source streams and this should be considered by managers. However, further study is necessary to sort out the potential confounding factors, whether genetic or epigenetic.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2012.675907","usgsCitation":"Drinan, D.P., Zale, A.V., Webb, M.A., Taper, M.L., Shepard, B.B., and Kalinowski, S.T., 2012, Evidence of local adaptation in westslope cutthroat trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 141, no. 4, p. 872-880, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.675907.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"872","endPage":"880","ipdsId":"IP-029234","costCenters":[{"id":398,"text":"Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269985,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269984,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.675907"}],"volume":"141","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515171ede4b087909f0bbe9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drinan, Daniel P.","contributorId":37614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drinan","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zale, Alexander V. 0000-0003-1703-885X zale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-885X","contributorId":3010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zale","given":"Alexander","email":"zale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, Molly A.H.","contributorId":64121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taper, Mark L.","contributorId":105192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taper","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shepard, Bradley B.","contributorId":57327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shepard","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kalinowski, Steven T.","contributorId":78465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalinowski","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70039626,"text":"70039626 - 2012 - Heat flow in vapor dominated areas of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field: implications for the thermal budget of the Yellowstone Caldera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T12:34:12","indexId":"70039626","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat flow in vapor dominated areas of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field: implications for the thermal budget of the Yellowstone Caldera","docAbstract":"Characterizing the vigor of magmatic activity in Yellowstone requires knowledge of the mechanisms and rates of heat transport between magma and the ground surface. We present results from a heat flow study in two vapor dominated, acid-sulfate thermal areas in the Yellowstone Caldera, the 0.11 km<sup>2</sup> Obsidian Pool Thermal Area (OPTA) and the 0.25 km<sup>2</sup> Solfatara Plateau Thermal Area (SPTA). Conductive heat flux through a low permeability layer capping large vapor reservoirs is calculated from soil temperature measurements at >600 locations and from laboratory measurements of soil properties. The conductive heat output is 3.6 ± 0.4 MW and 7.5 ± 0.4 MW from the OPTA and the SPTA, respectively. The advective heat output from soils is 1.3 ± 0.3 MW and 1.2 ± 0.3 MW from the OPTA and the SPTA, respectively and the heat output from thermal pools in the OPTA is 6.8 ± 1.4 MW. These estimates result in a total heat output of 11.8 ± 1.4 MW and 8.8 ± 0.4 MW from OPTA and SPTA, respectively. Focused zones of high heat flux in both thermal areas are roughly aligned with regional faults suggesting that faults in both areas serve as conduits for the rising acid vapor. Extrapolation of the average heat flux from the OPTA (103 ± 2 W·m<sup>−2</sup>) and SPTA (35 ± 3 W·m<sup>−2</sup>) to the ~35 km<sup>2</sup> of vapor dominated areas in Yellowstone yields 3.6 and 1.2 GW, respectively, which is less than the total heat output transported by steam from the Yellowstone Caldera as estimated by the chloride inventory method (4.0 to 8.0 GW).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2012JB009463","usgsCitation":"Hurwitz, S., Harris, R., Werner, C.A., and Murphy, F., 2012, Heat flow in vapor dominated areas of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field: implications for the thermal budget of the Yellowstone Caldera: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 117, no. B10, B10207, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JB009463.","productDescription":"B10207","ipdsId":"IP-040244","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274158,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274157,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012JB009463"}],"country":"United States","volume":"117","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cabbe3e4b0d298e5434c52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Robert","contributorId":32811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Werner, Cynthia Anne","contributorId":20237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murphy, Fred fmurphy@usgs.gov","contributorId":4572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Fred","email":"fmurphy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70045532,"text":"70045532 - 2012 - Linking soil moisture balance and source-responsive models to estimate diffuse and preferential components of groundwater recharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-24T10:35:07","indexId":"70045532","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking soil moisture balance and source-responsive models to estimate diffuse and preferential components of groundwater recharge","docAbstract":"Results are presented of a detailed study into the vadose zone and shallow water table hydrodynamics of a field site in Shropshire, UK. A conceptual model is developed and tested using a range of numerical models, including a modified soil moisture balance model (SMBM) for estimating groundwater recharge in the presence of both diffuse and preferential flow components. Tensiometry reveals that the loamy sand topsoil wets up via macropore flow and subsequent redistribution of moisture into the soil matrix. Recharge does not occur until near-positive pressures are achieved at the top of the sandy glaciofluvial outwash material that underlies the topsoil, about 1 m above the water table. Once this occurs, very rapid water table rises follow. This threshold behaviour is attributed to the vertical discontinuity in the macropore system due to seasonal ploughing of the topsoil, and a lower permeability plough/iron pan restricting matrix flow between the topsoil and the lower outwash deposits. Although the wetting process in the topsoil is complex, a SMBM is shown to be effective in predicting the initiation of preferential flow from the base of the topsoil into the lower outwash horizon. The rapidity of the response at the water table and a water table rise during the summer period while flow gradients in the unsaturated profile were upward suggest that preferential flow is also occurring within the outwash deposits below the topsoil. A variation of the source-responsive model proposed by Nimmo (2010) is shown to reproduce the observed water table dynamics well in the lower outwash horizon when linked to a SMBM that quantifies the potential recharge from the topsoil. The results reveal new insights into preferential flow processes in cultivated soils and provide a useful and practical approach to accounting for preferential flow in studies of groundwater recharge estimation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/hessd-9-8455-2012","usgsCitation":"Cuthbert, M., Mackay, R., and Nimmo, J., 2012, Linking soil moisture balance and source-responsive models to estimate diffuse and preferential components of groundwater recharge: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 9, p. 8455-8492, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-8455-2012.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"8455","endPage":"8492","ipdsId":"IP-045040","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-8455-2012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":274092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274091,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-8455-2012"}],"country":"United Kingdom","county":"Shropshire County","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c96a68e4b0a50a6e8f5814","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cuthbert, M.O.","contributorId":94577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuthbert","given":"M.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mackay, R.","contributorId":43545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackay","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nimmo, J. R. 0000-0001-8191-1727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":58304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042833,"text":"70042833 - 2012 - Luna B. Leopold--pioneer setting the stage for modern hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-24T12:43:05","indexId":"70042833","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Luna B. Leopold--pioneer setting the stage for modern hydrology","docAbstract":"In 1986, during the first year of graduate school, the lead author was sampling the water from a pitcher pump in front of “The Shack,” the setting of the opening essays in Aldo Leopold's renowned book A Sand County Almanac. The sampling was part of my Master's work that included quarterly monitoring of water quality on the Leopold Memorial Reserve (LMR) near Baraboo, Wisconsin. The Shack was already a well-known landmark, and it was common to come upon visitors and hikers there. As such, I took no special note of the man who approached me as I was filling sample bottles and asked, as was typical, “What are you doing?”","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00994.x","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., and Meine, C., 2012, Luna B. Leopold--pioneer setting the stage for modern hydrology: Ground Water, v. 50, no. 6, p. 966-970, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00994.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"966","endPage":"970","ipdsId":"IP-038760","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274105,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274104,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00994.x"}],"volume":"50","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c96a69e4b0a50a6e8f5829","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meine, Curt","contributorId":38881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meine","given":"Curt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041918,"text":"70041918 - 2012 - Habitat use by fishes of Lake Superior. II. Consequences of diel habitat use for habitat linkages and habitat coupling in nearshore and offshore waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T11:16:44","indexId":"70041918","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use by fishes of Lake Superior. II. Consequences of diel habitat use for habitat linkages and habitat coupling in nearshore and offshore waters","docAbstract":"<p><span>Diel migration patterns of fishes in nearshore (15–80&nbsp;m depth) and offshore (&gt;80&nbsp;m) waters of Lake Superior were examined to assess the potential for diel migration to link benthic and pelagic, and nearshore and offshore habitats. In our companion article, we described three types of diel migration: diel vertical migration (DVM), diel bank migration (DBM), and no diel migration. DVM was expressed by fishes migrating from benthopelagic to pelagic positions and DBM was expressed by fishes migrating horizontally from deep to shallow waters at night. Fishes not exhibiting diel migration typically showed increased activity by moving from benthic to benthopelagic positions within demersal habitat. The distribution and biomass of fishes in Lake Superior was characterized by examining 704 bottom trawl samples collected between 2001 and 2008 from four depth zones: ≤40, 41–80, 81–160, and &gt;160&nbsp;m. Diel migration behaviors of fishes described in our companion article were applied to estimates of areal biomass (kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) for each species by depth zone. The relative strength of diel migrations were assessed by applying lake area to areal biomass estimates for each species by depth zone to yield estimates of lake-wide biomass (metric tonnes). Overall, species expressing DVM accounted for 83%, DBM 6%, and non-migration 11% of the total lake-wide community biomass. In nearshore waters, species expressing DVM represented 74% of the biomass, DBM 25%, and non-migration 1%. In offshore waters, species expressing DVM represented 85%, DBM 1%, and non-migration 14% of the biomass. Of species expressing DVM, 83% of total biomass occurred in offshore waters. Similarly, 97% of biomass of non-migrators occurred in offshore waters while 83% of biomass of species expressing DBM occurred in nearshore waters. A high correlation (R</span><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.996) between lake area and community biomass by depth zone resulted in 81% of the lake-wide biomass occurring in offshore waters. Accentuating this nearshore-offshore trend was one of increasing estimated total areal biomass of the fish community with depth zone, which ranged from 13.71&nbsp;kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span> at depths ≤40&nbsp;m to 18.81&nbsp;kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span> at depths &gt;160&nbsp;m, emphasizing the importance of the offshore fish community to the lake ecosystem. The prevalence of diel migration expressed by Lake Superior fishes increases the potential of fish to link benthic and pelagic and shallow and deepwater habitats. These linkages enhance the potential for habitat coupling, a condition where habitats become interconnected and interdependent through transfers of energy and nutrients. Habitat coupling facilitates energy and nutrient flow through a lake ecosystem, thereby increasing productivity, especially in large lakes where benthic and pelagic, and nearshore and offshore habitats are often well separated. We propose that the application of biomass estimates to patterns of diel migration in fishes can serve as a useful metric for assessing the potential for habitat linkages and habitat coupling in lake ecosystems, and provide an important indicator of ecosystem health and function. The decline of native Lake Trout and ciscoes and recent declines in exotic Alewife and Rainbow Smelt populations in other Great Lakes have likely reduced the capacity for benthic-pelagic coupling in these systems compared to Lake Superior. We recommend comparing the levels and temporal changes in diel migration in other Great Lakes as a means to assess changes in the relative health and function of these ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634988.2012.711664","usgsCitation":"Gorman, O.T., Yule, D., and Stockwell, J.D., 2012, Habitat use by fishes of Lake Superior. II. Consequences of diel habitat use for habitat linkages and habitat coupling in nearshore and offshore waters: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 15, no. 3, p. 355-368, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634988.2012.711664.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"368","ipdsId":"IP-037747","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.48486328124999,\n              46.49839225859763\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.342041015625,\n              46.76244305208004\n 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Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yule, Daniel L.","contributorId":92130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockwell, Jason D. 0000-0003-3393-6799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-6799","contributorId":61004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stockwell","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046460,"text":"70046460 - 2012 - Bulk rock composition and geochemistry of olivine-hosted melt inclusions in the Grey Porri Tuff and selected lavas of the Monte dei Porri volcano, Salina, Aeolian Islands, southern Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-12T14:32:30","indexId":"70046460","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1203,"text":"Central European Journal of Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bulk rock composition and geochemistry of olivine-hosted melt inclusions in the Grey Porri Tuff and selected lavas of the Monte dei Porri volcano, Salina, Aeolian Islands, southern Italy","docAbstract":"The Aeolian Islands are an arcuate chain of submarine seamounts and volcanic islands, lying just north of Sicily in southern Italy. The second largest of the islands, Salina, exhibits a wide range of compositional variation in its erupted products, from basaltic lavas to rhyolitic pumice. The Monte dei Porri eruptions occurred between 60 ka and 30 ka, following a period of approximately 60,000 years of repose. The bulk rock composition of the Monte dei Porri products range from basaltic-andesite scoria to andesitic pumice in the Grey Porri Tuff (GPT), with the Monte dei Porri lavas having basaltic-andesite compositions. The typical mineral assemblage of the GPT is calcic plagioclase, clinopyroxene (augite), olivine (Fo<sub>72−84</sub>) and orthopyroxene (enstatite) ± amphibole and Ti-Fe oxides. The lava units show a similar mineral assemblage, but contain lower Fo olivines (Fo<sub>57−78</sub>). The lava units also contain numerous glomerocrysts, including an unusual variety that contains quartz, K-feldspar and mica. Melt inclusions (MI) are ubiquitous in all mineral phases from all units of the Monte dei Porri eruptions; however, only data from olivine-hosted MI in the GPT are reported here. Compositions of MI in the GPT are typically basaltic (average SiO<sub>2</sub> of 49.8 wt %) in the pumices and basaltic-andesite (average SiO<sub>2</sub> of 55.6 wt %) in the scoriae and show a bimodal distribution in most compositional discrimination plots. The compositions of most of the MI in the scoriae overlap with bulk rock compositions of the lavas. Petrological and geochemical evidence suggest that mixing of one or more magmas and/or crustal assimilation played a role in the evolution of the Monte dei Porri magmatic system, especially the GPT. Analyses of the more evolved mineral phases are required to better constrain the evolution of the magma.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Central European Journal of Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2478/s13533-011-0066-7","usgsCitation":"Doherty, A.L., Bodnar, R.J., De Vivo, B., Bohrson, W.A., Belkin, H.E., Messina, A., and Tracy, R.J., 2012, Bulk rock composition and geochemistry of olivine-hosted melt inclusions in the Grey Porri Tuff and selected lavas of the Monte dei Porri volcano, Salina, Aeolian Islands, southern Italy: Central European Journal of Geosciences, v. 4, no. 2, p. 338-355, https://doi.org/10.2478/s13533-011-0066-7.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"338","endPage":"355","ipdsId":"IP-037100","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/s13533-011-0066-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273654,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273653,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13533-011-0066-7"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Grey Porri Tuff;Monte Dei Porri;Salina;Aeolian Islands","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 14.795687,38.534298 ], [ 14.795687,38.584369 ], [ 14.874818,38.584369 ], [ 14.874818,38.534298 ], [ 14.795687,38.534298 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b99863e4b07b9df6070f4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doherty, Angela L.","contributorId":90625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"Angela","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodnar, Robert J.","contributorId":61540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodnar","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"De Vivo, Benedetto","contributorId":85202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Vivo","given":"Benedetto","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bohrson, Wendy A.","contributorId":55024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohrson","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Belkin, Harvey E. 0000-0001-7879-6529 hbelkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"Harvey","email":"hbelkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Messina, Antonia","contributorId":7293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messina","given":"Antonia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tracy, Robert J.","contributorId":46865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tracy","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70045118,"text":"70045118 - 2012 - Late Holocene earthquake history of the Brigham City segment of the Wasatch fault zone at the Hansen Canyon, Kotter Canyon, and Pearsons Canyon trench sites, Box Elder County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-21T10:29:14","indexId":"70045118","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":289,"text":"Special Study","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"142","title":"Late Holocene earthquake history of the Brigham City segment of the Wasatch fault zone at the Hansen Canyon, Kotter Canyon, and Pearsons Canyon trench sites, Box Elder County, Utah","docAbstract":"Of the five central segments of the Wasatch fault zone (WFZ) having evidence of recurrent Holocene surface-faulting earthquakes, the Brigham City segment (BCS) has the longest elapsed time since its most recent surface-faulting event (~2.1 kyr) compared to its mean recurrence time between events (~1.3 kyr). Thus, the BCS has the highest time-dependent earthquake probability of the central WFZ. We excavated trenches at three sites––the Kotter Canyon and Hansen Canyon sites on the north-central BCS and Pearsons Canyon site on the southern BCS––to determine whether a surface-faulting earthquake younger than 2.1 ka occurred on the BCS. Paleoseismic data for Hansen Canyon and Kotter Canyon confirm that the youngest earthquake on the north-central BCS occurred before 2 ka, consistent with previous north-central BCS investigations at Bowden Canyon and Box Elder Canyon. At Hansen Canyon, the most recent earthquake is constrained to 2.1–4.2 ka and had 0.6–2.5 m of vertical displacement. At Kotter Canyon, we found evidence for two events at 2.5 ± 0.3 ka and 3.5 ± 0.3 ka, with an average displacement per event of 1.9–2.3 m. Paleoseismic data from Pearsons Canyon, on the previously unstudied southern BCS, indicate that a post-2 ka earthquake ruptured this part of the segment. The Pearsons Canyon earthquake occurred at 1.2 ± 0.04 ka and had 0.1–0.8 m of vertical displacement, consistent with our observation of continuous, youthful scarps on the southern 9 km of the BCS having 1–2 m of late Holocene(?) surface offset. The 1.2-ka earthquake on the southern BCS likely represents rupture across the Weber–Brigham City segment boundary from the penultimate Weber-segment earthquake at about 1.1 ka. The Pearsons Canyon data result in a revised length of the BCS that has not ruptured since 2 ka (with time-dependent probability implications), and provide compelling evidence of at least one segment-boundary failure and multi-segment rupture on the central WFZ. Our paleoseismic investigations of the BCS clarify the timing, displacement, and extent of late Holocene earthquakes on the segment, and importantly, confirm the long elapsed time since the most recent earthquake on most of the BCS.","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Geological Survey","collaboration":"This report is volume 22 in the series Paleoseismology of Utah","usgsCitation":"DuRoss, C., Personius, S.F., Crone, A.J., McDonald, G.N., and Briggs, R., 2012, Late Holocene earthquake history of the Brigham City segment of the Wasatch fault zone at the Hansen Canyon, Kotter Canyon, and Pearsons Canyon trench sites, Box Elder County, Utah: Special Study 142, vii, 62 p.","productDescription":"vii, 62 p.","numberOfPages":"69","ipdsId":"IP-039461","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274055,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274054,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://geology.utah.gov/online/ss/ss-142/ss-142.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Box Elder County","otherGeospatial":"Hansen Canyon;Kotter Canyon;Pearsons Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0426,40.9977 ], [ -114.0426,42.0012 ], [ -111.868,42.0012 ], [ -111.868,40.9977 ], [ -114.0426,40.9977 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c59e35e4b0c89b8f120e49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DuRoss, Christopher B.","contributorId":66532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuRoss","given":"Christopher B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Personius, Stephen F. personius@usgs.gov","contributorId":1214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"Stephen","email":"personius@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crone, Anthony J. 0000-0002-3006-406X crone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-406X","contributorId":790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"Anthony","email":"crone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDonald, Greg N.","contributorId":43658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Briggs, Richard W.","contributorId":94027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Richard W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041886,"text":"70041886 - 2012 - Habitat use by fishes of Lake Superior. I. Diel patterns of habitat use in nearshore and offshore waters of the Apostle Islands region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T11:17:44","indexId":"70041886","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use by fishes of Lake Superior. I. Diel patterns of habitat use in nearshore and offshore waters of the Apostle Islands region","docAbstract":"<p><span>Diel patterns of distribution of fishes in nearshore (15–80&nbsp;m depth) and offshore (&gt;80&nbsp;m) waters of the Apostle Islands region of Lake Superior were described using bottom trawls, mid-water trawls, and acoustic gear during day and night sampling. These data revealed three types of diel migration: diel vertical migration (DVM), diel bank migration (DBM), and no migration. DVM was expressed by fishes migrating from benthopelagic to pelagic strata and DBM was expressed by fishes migrating horizontally from deeper waters in the day to shallower waters at night while remaining within the benthopelagic stratum. Most fishes that did not exhibit diel migration showed increased nighttime densities as a result of increased activity and movement from benthic to benthopelagic strata. Rainbow Smelt (</span><i>Osmerus mordax),</i><span> Cisco (</span><i>Coregonus artedi</i><span>), Bloater (</span><i>C. hoyi</i><span>), Kiyi (</span><i>C. kiyi</i><span>), juvenile Trout-Perch </span><i>(Percopsis omiscomaycus</i><span>), and adult siscowet (</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush siscowet</i><span>) exhibited DVM. Lake Whitefish (</span><i>C. clupeaformis</i><span>), lean Lake Trout (</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush namaycush</i><span>), and juvenile siscowet exhibited DBM. Adult Trout-Perch and adult Pygmy Whitefish (</span><i>Prosopium coulteri</i><span>) exhibited a mixture of DBM and DVM. Burbot (</span><i>Lota lota</i><span>), Slimy Sculpin (</span><i>Cottus cognatus</i><span>), Spoonhead Sculpin (</span><i>C. ricei</i><span>), and Deepwater Sculpin (</span><i>Myoxocephalus thompsonii</i><span>) did not exhibit diel migration, but showed evidence of increased nocturnal activity. Ninespine Stickleback (</span><i>Pungitius pungitius</i><span>) exhibited a mixture of DVM and non-migration. Juvenile Pygmy Whitefish did not show a diel change in density or depth distribution. Species showing ontogenetic shifts in depth distribution with larger, adult life stages occupying deeper waters included, Rainbow Smelt, lean and siscowet Lake Trout, Lake Whitefish, Pygmy Whitefish, Ninespine Stickleback and Trout-Perch. Of these species, siscowet also showed an ontogenetic shift from primarily DBM as juveniles to primarily DVM as adults. Across all depths, fishes expressing DVM accounted for 73% of the total estimated community areal biomass (kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) while those expressing DBM accounted for 25% and non-migratory species represented 2% of the biomass. The proportion of total community biomass exhibiting DVM increased with depth, from 59% to 95% across ≤30&nbsp;m to &gt;90&nbsp;m depth zones. Along the same depth gradient, the proportion of total community biomass exhibiting DBM declined from 40% to 1%, while non-migrators increased from 1% to 4%. These results indicate that DVM and DBM behaviors are pervasive in the Lake Superior fish community and potentially provide strong linkages that effect coupling of benthic and pelagic and nearshore and offshore habitats.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634988.2012.715972","usgsCitation":"Gorman, O.T., Yule, D., and Stockwell, J., 2012, Habitat use by fishes of Lake Superior. I. Diel patterns of habitat use in nearshore and offshore waters of the Apostle Islands region: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 15, no. 3, p. 333-354, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634988.2012.715972.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"333","endPage":"354","ipdsId":"IP-037746","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.48486328124999,\n              46.49839225859763\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.342041015625,\n              46.76244305208004\n            ],\n            [\n              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T.","contributorId":104605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yule, D.L.","contributorId":78853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockwell, J.D.","contributorId":19678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockwell","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044395,"text":"70044395 - 2012 - Strontium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-06T13:21:50","indexId":"70044395","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strontium","docAbstract":"In 2011, U.S. apparent consumption of strontium (contained in celestite and manufactured strontium compounds) increased markedly to 18.4 kt (20,300 st) from 10.4 kt (11,500 st) in 2010. Gross weight of imports was 34.4 kt (38,000 st), of which 76 percent originated from Mexico.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2012, Strontium: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 91-91.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"91","ipdsId":"IP-037363","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271893,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5188d4e5e4b023d2d75b9a91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045471,"text":"70045471 - 2012 - Conflicts between sandhill cranes and farmers in the western United States: evolving issues and solutions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T11:34:58","indexId":"70045471","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Conflicts between sandhill cranes and farmers in the western United States: evolving issues and solutions","docAbstract":"The main conflicts between Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis) and farmers in western United States occur in the Rocky Mountain region during migration and wintering periods. Most crop damage by cranes occurs in mature wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), young shoots of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and cereal grains, chilies (Capsicum annuum), and silage corn (Zea mays). Damage is related to proximity of crop fields to roost sites and timing of crane concentrations relative to crop maturity or vulnerability. The evolution of conflicts between farmers and cranes and current solutions are described for two areas of the Rocky Mountains used by staging, migrating, or wintering cranes: Grays Lake, Idaho, and the Middle Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico. In both areas, conflicts with growing crane populations were aggravated by losses of wetlands and cropland, proximity of crops to roosts and other wetland areas, changing crop types and practices, and increasing urbanization. At Grays Lake, fall-staging cranes damaged barley fields near an important breeding refuge as well as fields 15-50 km away. In the Middle Rio Grande Valley, migrating and wintering cranes damaged young alfalfa fields, chilies, and silage corn. Solutions in both areas have been addressed through cooperative efforts among federal and state agencies, that manage wetlands and croplands to increase food availability and carrying capacity on public lands, provide hazing programs for private landowners, and strategically target crane hunting to problem areas. Sustaining the success of these programs will be challenging. Areas important to Sandhill Cranes in the western United Sates experience continued loss of habitat and food resources due to urbanization, changes in agricultural crops and practices, and water-use conflicts, which threaten the abilities of both public and private landowners to manage wetlands and croplands for cranes. Conservation of habitats and water resources are important to support crane populations and minimize future conflicts with agriculture.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cranes, Agriculture and Climate Change, May 28 - June 3, 2010, Muraviovka Park for Sustainable Land Use, Amur Region, Russia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Crane Foundation","publisherLocation":"Baraboo, WI","usgsCitation":"Austin, J., 2012, Conflicts between sandhill cranes and farmers in the western United States: evolving issues and solutions, <i>in</i> Cranes, Agriculture and Climate Change, May 28 - June 3, 2010, Muraviovka Park for Sustainable Land Use, Amur Region, Russia, p. 131-139.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"139","ipdsId":"IP-022697","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273709,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273708,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.savingcranes.org/cranes-agriculture-and-climate-change.html"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51bc3b63e4b0c04034a01ca2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Austin, Jane E.","contributorId":43094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044791,"text":"70044791 - 2012 - Borates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-16T10:42:15","indexId":"70044791","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Borates","docAbstract":"Four minerals represent 90 percent of the borates used by industry worldwide — the sodium borates, tincal and kernite; the calcium borate, colemanite; and the sodium-calcium borate, ulexite.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","publisherLocation":"Englewood, CO","usgsCitation":"Crangle, R., 2012, Borates: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 39-40.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"40","ipdsId":"IP-036676","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270973,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516e72e6e4b00154e4368bb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crangle, R.D. Jr.","contributorId":88241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crangle","given":"R.D.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70043301,"text":"70043301 - 2012 - Food security in a changing climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-24T10:43:53","indexId":"70043301","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3427,"text":"Solutions Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food security in a changing climate","docAbstract":"By 2080 the effects of climate change—on heat waves, floods, sea level rise, and drought—could push an additional 600 million people into malnutrition and increase the number of people facing water scarcity by 1.8 billion. The precise impacts will, however, strongly depend on socioeconomic conditions such as local markets and food import dependence. In the near term, two factors are also changing the nature of food security: (1) rapid urbanization, with the proportion of the global population living in urban areas expanding from 13 percent in 1975 to greater than 50 percent at present, and (2) trade and domestic market liberalization since 1993, which has promoted removal of import controls, deregulation of prices, and the loss of preferential markets for many small economies.\n\nOver the last two years, the worst drought in decades has devastated eastern Africa. The resulting food-security crisis has affected roughly 13 million people and has reminded us that there is still a long way to go in addressing current climate-related risks. In the face of such profound changes and uncertainties, our approaches to food security must evolve. In this article, we describe four key elements that, in our view, will be essential to the success of efforts to address the linked challenges of food security and climate change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Solutions Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Solutions","usgsCitation":"Pulwarty, R., Eilerts, G., and Verdin, J., 2012, Food security in a changing climate: Solutions Journal, v. 3, no. 1, p. 31-34.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"34","ipdsId":"IP-037246","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272781,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272780,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.thesolutionsjournal.com/node/1054"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a08be0e4b0e4245580656e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pulwarty, Roger","contributorId":28149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pulwarty","given":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eilerts, Gary","contributorId":31101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eilerts","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdin, James 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":99647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044785,"text":"70044785 - 2012 - Gypsum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-27T14:45:11","indexId":"70044785","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gypsum","docAbstract":"The United States is the world's fourth leading producer and consumer of gypsum. Production of gypsum in the U.S. during 2011 was estimated to be 9.4 Mt (103 million st), an increase of 6 percent compared with 2010 production. The average price of mined crude gypsum was $7/t ($6.35/st). Synthetic gypsum, most of which is generated as a fluegas desulfurization process from coal-fired electric powerplants, was priced at approximately $1.50/t (1.36/st). Forty-seven companies produced gypsum in the U.S. at 54 mines and plants in 34 states. U.S. gypsum exports totaled about 300 kt (330,000 st). Imports were much higher at approximately 3.3 Mt (3.6 million st).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Crangle, R., 2012, Gypsum: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 59-59.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"59","ipdsId":"IP-036881","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517cf370e4b0d8907b288203","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crangle, R.D. Jr.","contributorId":88241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crangle","given":"R.D.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044811,"text":"70044811 - 2012 - Mineral resource of the month: aluminum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-08T17:08:15","indexId":"70044811","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: aluminum","docAbstract":"The article offers information on aluminum, a mineral resource which is described as the third-most abundant element in Earth's crust. According to the article, aluminum is the second-most used metal. Hans Christian Oersted, a Danish chemist, was the first to isolate aluminum in the laboratory. Aluminum is described as lightweight, corrosion-resistant and an excellent conductor of electricity and heat.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGI","usgsCitation":"Bray, E.L., 2012, Mineral resource of the month: aluminum: Earth, v. 57, no. 7, p. 25-25.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"25","ipdsId":"IP-037125","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272085,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518b73e6e4b0037667dbc806","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bray, E. Lee lbray@usgs.gov","contributorId":39903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bray","given":"E.","email":"lbray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045638,"text":"70045638 - 2012 - Industrial garnet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-27T19:55:25","indexId":"70045638","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Industrial garnet","docAbstract":"Garnet has been used as a gemstone since the Bronze Age. However, garnet's angular fractures, relatively high hardness and specific gravity, chemical inertness, and nontoxicity make it ideal for many industrial applications. It is also free of crystalline silica and can be recycled.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Olson, D., 2012, Industrial garnet: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 64-64.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"64","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271547,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517cf373e4b0d8907b288233","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, D.W.","contributorId":82369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044814,"text":"70044814 - 2012 - Magnesium compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-28T21:22:00","indexId":"70044814","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnesium compounds","docAbstract":"Seawater and natural brines accounted for about 57 percent of magnesium compounds produced in the United States in 2011. Dead-burned magnesia was produced by Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties LLC from well brines in Michigan. Caustic-calcined magnesia was recovered from seawater by Premier Magnesia LLC in Florida, from well brines in Michigan by Martin Marietta and from magnesite in Nevada by Premier Magnesia. Intrepid Potash Wendover LLC and Great Salt Lake Minerals Corp. recovered magnesium chloride brines from the Great Salt Lake in Utah. Magnesium hydroxide was produced from seawater by SPI Pharma Inc. in Delaware and Premier Magnesia in Florida, and by Martin Marietta from its brine operation in Michigan.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Kramer, D., 2012, Magnesium compounds: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 73-74.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"74","ipdsId":"IP-020119","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271569,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517e44ede4b0eff6bc0031e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kramer, D.A.","contributorId":70187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kramer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045534,"text":"70045534 - 2012 - Calving seismicity from iceberg-sea surface interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T17:58:52","indexId":"70045534","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calving seismicity from iceberg-sea surface interactions","docAbstract":"Iceberg calving is known to release substantial seismic energy, but little is known about the specific mechanisms that produce calving icequakes. At Yahtse Glacier, a tidewater glacier on the Gulf of Alaska, we draw upon a local network of seismometers and focus on 80 hours of concurrent, direct observation of the terminus to show that calving is the dominant source of seismicity. To elucidate seismogenic mechanisms, we synchronized video and seismograms to reveal that the majority of seismic energy is produced during iceberg interactions with the sea surface. Icequake peak amplitudes coincide with the emergence of high velocity jets of water and ice from the fjord after the complete submergence of falling icebergs below sea level. These icequakes have dominant frequencies between 1 and 3 Hz. Detachment of an iceberg from the terminus produces comparatively weak seismic waves at frequencies between 5 and 20 Hz. Our observations allow us to suggest that the most powerful sources of calving icequakes at Yahtse Glacier include iceberg-sea surface impact, deceleration under the influence of drag and buoyancy, and cavitation. Numerical simulations of seismogenesis during iceberg-sea surface interactions support our observational evidence. Our new understanding of iceberg-sea surface interactions allows us to reattribute the sources of calving seismicity identified in earlier studies and offer guidance for the future use of seismology in monitoring iceberg calving.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1029/2012JF002513","usgsCitation":"Bartholomaus, T., Larsen, C., O’Neel, S., and West, M., 2012, Calving seismicity from iceberg-sea surface interactions: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 117, no. F4, F04029, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JF002513.","productDescription":"F04029","ipdsId":"IP-041321","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jf002513","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271291,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012JF002513"},{"id":271292,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"F4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5173b8e2e4b0e619a5806eb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholomaus, T.C.","contributorId":94569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomaus","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larsen, C.F.","contributorId":96091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"West, M.E.","contributorId":51173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70045527,"text":"70045527 - 2012 - A horizon scanning assessment of current and potential future threats to migratory shorebirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:22:44","indexId":"70045527","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A horizon scanning assessment of current and potential future threats to migratory shorebirds","docAbstract":"We review the conservation issues facing migratory shorebird populations that breed in temperate regions and use wetlands in the non-breeding season. Shorebirds are excellent model organisms for understanding ecological, behavioural and evolutionary processes and are often used as indicators of wetland health. A global team of experienced shorebird researchers identified 45 issues facing these shorebird populations, and divided them into three categories (natural, current anthropogenic and future issues). The natural issues included megatsunamis, volcanoes and regional climate changes, while current anthropogenic threats encompassed agricultural intensification, conversion of tidal flats and coastal wetlands by human infrastructure developments and eutrophication of coastal systems. Possible future threats to shorebirds include microplastics, new means of recreation and infectious diseases. We suggest that this review process be broadened to other taxa to aid the identification and ranking of current and future conservation actions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ibis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1474-919X.2012.01261.x","usgsCitation":"Sutherland, W., Alves, J., Amano, T., Chang, C.H., Davidson, N.C., Finlayson, C., Gill, J.A., Gill, R., González, P., Gunnarsson, T.G., Kleijn, D., Spray, C.J., Székely, T., and Thompson, D.B., 2012, A horizon scanning assessment of current and potential future threats to migratory shorebirds: Ibis, v. 154, no. 4, p. 663-679, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2012.01261.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"663","endPage":"679","ipdsId":"IP-039672","costCenters":[{"id":115,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/an-assessment-of-the-current-and-potential-future-natural-and-ant","text":"External Repository"},{"id":271282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271281,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2012.01261.x"}],"volume":"154","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51726765e4b0c173799e7911","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutherland, William J.","contributorId":73071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutherland","given":"William J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alves, José A.","contributorId":89044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alves","given":"José A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amano, Tatsuya","contributorId":77029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amano","given":"Tatsuya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chang, Charlotte H.","contributorId":15502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Charlotte","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davidson, Nicholas C.","contributorId":60108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Finlayson, C. Max","contributorId":96573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finlayson","given":"C. Max","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gill, Jennifer A.","contributorId":88640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"González, Patricia M.","contributorId":83428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"González","given":"Patricia M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gunnarsson, Tomas Gretar","contributorId":92153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunnarsson","given":"Tomas","email":"","middleInitial":"Gretar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kleijn, David","contributorId":55716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleijn","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Spray, Chris J.","contributorId":85071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spray","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Székely, Tamás","contributorId":6749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Székely","given":"Tamás","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Thompson, Des B.A.","contributorId":64541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Des","email":"","middleInitial":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70043437,"text":"70043437 - 2012 - Evaluation of nature-like and technical fishways for the passage of alewives at two coastal streams in New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-28T18:02:20.761588","indexId":"70043437","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of nature-like and technical fishways for the passage of alewives at two coastal streams in New England","docAbstract":"Nature-like fishways have been designed with the intent to reconnect river corridors and provide passage for all species occurring in a system. The approach is gaining popularity both in Europe and North America, but performance of these designs has not been quantitatively evaluated in a field setting for any North American species. Two nature-like fishways and three technical fishways in New England were evaluated for passage of anadromous adult alewives Alosa pseudoharengus by using passive integrated transponder (PIT) telemetry. A perturbation boulder rock ramp (32 m long; 4.2% slope) constructed in Town Brook (Plymouth, Massachusetts) passed 94% of the fish that made passage attempts, with most fish ascending the ramp in less than 22 min. In the East River (Guilford, Connecticut), a step-pool bypass design (48 m long; 7.1% slope) passed only 40% of attempting fish, with a median transit time of 75 min. In Town Brook, a technical pool-and-weir fishway (14 m long; 14.3% slope) exhibited poor entry and poor passage for the fish. In contrast, in the East River, two technical steeppass fishways (3 m long; 29.6% and 9.6% slopes) passed the majority of available fish, although one of these steeppass fishways may have lacked sufficient flow to attract fish to the entrance. In both Town Brook and the East River, tagged fish passed rapidly downstream through all fishways after spawning. In the East River, the amount of time fish spent in the spawning habitat before migrating downstream ranged from 1 to 41 d. These studies demonstrate that some nature-like and technical fishway designs can effectively facilitate passage of alewives, but a fishway's location in relation to a spillway is important, and further evaluations are required to more precisely identify the influence of the vertical drop per pool and the specific local hydraulics on alewife behaviors and passage performance.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2012.683469","usgsCitation":"Franklin, A.E., Haro, A., Castro-Santos, T.R., and Noreika, J., 2012, Evaluation of nature-like and technical fishways for the passage of alewives at two coastal streams in New England: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 141, no. 3, p. 624-637, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.683469.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"624","endPage":"637","ipdsId":"IP-014329","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"New England","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.73,40.95 ], [ -73.73,47.46 ], [ -66.89,47.46 ], [ -66.89,40.95 ], [ -73.73,40.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"141","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c59e33e4b0c89b8f120e2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franklin, Abigail E.","contributorId":46864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"Abigail","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haro, Alex 0000-0002-7188-9172","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-9172","contributorId":37223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"Alex","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castro-Santos, Theodore R. 0000-0003-2575-9120 tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":3321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"Theodore","email":"tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noreika, John","contributorId":27774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noreika","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70045511,"text":"70045511 - 2012 - Drainage network structure and hydrologic behavior of three lake-rich watersheds on the Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-01T22:17:37.254437","indexId":"70045511","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":899,"text":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drainage network structure and hydrologic behavior of three lake-rich watersheds on the Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska","docAbstract":"Watersheds draining the Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) of Alaska are dominated by permafrost and snowmelt runoff that create abundant surface storage in the form of lakes, wetlands, and beaded streams. These surface water elements compose complex drainage networks that affect aquatic ecosystem connectivity and hydrologic behavior. The 4676 km<sup>2</sup> Fish Creek drainage basin is composed of three watersheds that represent a gradient of the ACP landscape with varying extents of eolian, lacustrine, and fluvial landforms. In each watershed, we analyzed 2.5-m-resolution aerial photography, a 5-m digital elevation model, and river gauging and climate records to better understand ACP watershed structure and processes. We show that connected lakes accounted for 19 to 26% of drainage density among watersheds and most all channels initiate from lake basins in the form of beaded streams. Of the > 2500 lakes in these watersheds, 33% have perennial streamflow connectivity, and these represent 66% of total lake area extent. Deeper lakes with over-wintering habitat were more abundant in the watershed with eolian sand deposits, while the watershed with marine silt deposits contained a greater extent of beaded streams and shallow thermokarst lakes that provide essential summer feeding habitat. Comparison of flow regimes among watersheds showed that higher lake extent and lower drained lake-basin extent corresponded with lower snowmelt and higher baseflow runoff. Variation in baseflow runoff among watersheds was most pronounced during drought conditions in 2007 with corresponding reduction in snowmelt peak flows the following year. Comparison with other Arctic watersheds indicates that lake area extent corresponds to slower recession of both snowmelt and baseflow runoff. These analyses help refine our understanding of how Arctic watersheds are structured and function hydrologically, emphasizing the important role of lake basins and suggesting how future lake change may impact hydrologic processes.","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado","doi":"10.1657/1938-4246-44.4.385","usgsCitation":"Arp, C., Whitman, M., Jones, B.M., Kemnitz, R., Grosse, G., and Urban, F., 2012, Drainage network structure and hydrologic behavior of three lake-rich watersheds on the Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, v. 44, no. 4, p. 385-394, https://doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-44.4.385.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"394","ipdsId":"IP-040648","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474278,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1657/1938-4246-44.4.385","text":"External Repository"},{"id":271770,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -147.5,\n              69\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.5,\n              71\n            ],\n            [\n              -158,\n              71\n            ],\n            [\n              -158,\n              69\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.5,\n              69\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51838ae6e4b0a21483941a92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arp, C.D.","contributorId":54715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitman, M.S.","contributorId":66893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kemnitz, R.","contributorId":58813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemnitz","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grosse, G.","contributorId":82140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Urban, F.E. 0000-0002-1329-1703","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1703","contributorId":34352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urban","given":"F.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70045504,"text":"70045504 - 2012 - Nuclear and mitochondrial markers reveal evidence for genetically segregated cryptic speciation in giant Pacific octopuses from Prince William Sound, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:10:07","indexId":"70045504","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nuclear and mitochondrial markers reveal evidence for genetically segregated cryptic speciation in giant Pacific octopuses from Prince William Sound, Alaska","docAbstract":"Multiple species of large octopus are known from the north Pacific waters around Japan, however only one large species is known in the Gulf of Alaska (the giant Pacific octopus, Enteroctopus dofleini). Current taxonomy of E. dofleini is based on geographic and morphological characteristics, although with advances in genetic technology that is changing. Here, we used two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I), three nuclear genes (rhodopsin, octopine dehydrogenase, and paired-box 6), and 18 microsatellite loci for phylogeographic and phylogenetic analyses of octopuses collected from across southcentral and the eastern Aleutian Islands (Dutch Harbor), Alaska. Our results suggest the presence of a cryptic Enteroctopus species that is allied to, but distinguished from E. dofleini in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Existence of an undescribed and previously unrecognized taxon raises important questions about the taxonomy of octopus in southcentral Alaska waters.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Genetics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-012-0392-4","usgsCitation":"Toussaint, R.K., Scheel, D., Sage, G.K., and Talbot, S.L., 2012, Nuclear and mitochondrial markers reveal evidence for genetically segregated cryptic speciation in giant Pacific octopuses from Prince William Sound, Alaska: Conservation Genetics, v. 13, no. 6, p. 1483-1497, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-012-0392-4.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1483","endPage":"1497","ipdsId":"IP-039661","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274335,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-012-0392-4"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -148.6828,60.0792 ], [ -148.6828,61.2638 ], [ -145.8051,61.2638 ], [ -145.8051,60.0792 ], [ -148.6828,60.0792 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"13","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d2a4ede4b0ca1848338a85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toussaint, Rebecca K.","contributorId":104376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toussaint","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scheel, David","contributorId":53272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scheel","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sage, G. Kevin 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":4348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"G.","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70045496,"text":"70045496 - 2012 - A Gibbs sampler for Bayesian analysis of site-occupancy data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-19T21:15:12","indexId":"70045496","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Gibbs sampler for Bayesian analysis of site-occupancy data","docAbstract":"1. A Bayesian analysis of site-occupancy data containing covariates of species occurrence and species detection probabilities is usually completed using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods in conjunction with software programs that can implement those methods for any statistical model, not just site-occupancy models. Although these software programs are quite flexible, considerable experience is often required to specify a model and to initialize the Markov chain so that summaries of the posterior distribution can be estimated efficiently and accurately.\n\n2. As an alternative to these programs, we develop a Gibbs sampler for Bayesian analysis of site-occupancy data that include covariates of species occurrence and species detection probabilities. This Gibbs sampler is based on a class of site-occupancy models in which probabilities of species occurrence and detection are specified as probit-regression functions of site- and survey-specific covariate measurements.\n\n3. To illustrate the Gibbs sampler, we analyse site-occupancy data of the blue hawker, Aeshna cyanea (Odonata, Aeshnidae), a common dragonfly species in Switzerland. Our analysis includes a comparison of results based on Bayesian and classical (non-Bayesian) methods of inference. We also provide code (based on the R software program) for conducting Bayesian and classical analyses of site-occupancy data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00237.x","usgsCitation":"Dorazio, R.M., and Rodriguez, D.T., 2012, A Gibbs sampler for Bayesian analysis of site-occupancy data: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 3, no. 6, p. 1093-1098, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00237.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1093","endPage":"1098","ipdsId":"IP-037612","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210x.2012.00237.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271274,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00237.x"},{"id":271275,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51726763e4b0c173799e78fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorazio, Robert M. 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":1668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Daniel Taylor","contributorId":76619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"Taylor","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045439,"text":"70045439 - 2012 - Bauxite and alumina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-16T11:54:46","indexId":"70045439","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bauxite and alumina","docAbstract":"The United States is import-reliant for nearly all of the bauxite that it consumes. Small amounts of bauxite and bauxitic clays are produced in Alabama, Arkansas and Georgia for nonmetallurgical uses. Metallurgical-grade bauxite (crude dry) imports in 2011 totaled 9.54 Mt (10.5 million st), 18 percent more than the quantity imported in 2010. Jamaica (54 percent). Guinea (25 percent) and Brazil (18 percent) were the leading suppliers to the United States in 2011. In 2011,117 kt (129,000 st) of refractory-grade calcined bauxite was imported, a 69-percent decrease compared with imports in 2010. This decrease was partly attributed to an increase in net imports of refractory products such as bricks and crucibles, which were 39 percent higher than in the prior year. Imports of refractory-grade calcined bauxite from Brazil declined by 99 percent and by 75 percent from Greece. Restrictions on exports of raw materials from China also might have contributed a small amount to the decrease in imports. Imports from China declined by 45 percent. Guyana (42 percent), China (35 percent) and Greece (22 percent) were the leading sources of U.S. refractory-grade calcined bauxite imports. Imports of nonrefractory-grade calcined bauxite in 2011 totaled 236 kt (260,000 st), 23 percent less than the quantity imported in 2010. Guyana (51 percent), Australia (37 percent) and China (7 percent) were the leading sources","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","publisherLocation":"Englewood, CO","usgsCitation":"Bray, E., 2012, Bauxite and alumina: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 35-36.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"36","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516e72e5e4b00154e4368bad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bray, E.L.","contributorId":95830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bray","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}