{"pageNumber":"1512","pageRowStart":"37775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46677,"records":[{"id":28028,"text":"wri864203 - 1987 - Reconnaissance of geohydrologic areas and 1981 low-flow conditions, Withlacoochee River basin, southwest Florida Water Management District","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:39","indexId":"wri864203","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4203","title":"Reconnaissance of geohydrologic areas and 1981 low-flow conditions, Withlacoochee River basin, southwest Florida Water Management District","docAbstract":"The Withlacoochee River Basin of the Southwest Florida Water Management District is a management area of about 2030 sq mi in west-central Florida containing large reserves of potable water in the Upper Floridan aquifer. Results of reconnaissance test drilling indicate that the Upper Floridan aquifer may be treated as an unconfined aquifer in the management area which allows it to be divided into two types of geohydrologic areas: (1) areas of high recharge, and (2) areas of moderate recharge. Conceptually, the source of water to well fields in areas of high recharge would largely be natural recharge, whereas, in areas of moderate recharge, a significant part of the source of water to well fields would be induced downward leakage, or capture, of surface and near-surface water. The Withlacoochee River Basin of the Southwest Florida Water Management District is drained almost entirely by the Withlacoochee River and its tributaries. Field data were collected from April 13 through August 17, 1981, to document extremely low streamflow conditions. Conditions in the upper half of the drainage basin were found to be the most severe of record. On July 7, 1981, the total net runoff from the upper half of the basin was observed to be only 0.1 cu ft/sec. Low-flow conditions in the lower half of the drainage basin, however, were less severe than during the record low period of 1956. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864203","usgsCitation":"Kimrey, J.O., and Anderson, W., 1987, Reconnaissance of geohydrologic areas and 1981 low-flow conditions, Withlacoochee River basin, southwest Florida Water Management District: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4203, vi, 53 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864203.","productDescription":"vi, 53 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4203/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56863,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4203/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c6ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimrey, J. O.","contributorId":67533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimrey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Warren","contributorId":7712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Warren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28016,"text":"wri854051 - 1987 - Hydrogeology and ground-water quality of the northern part of the Town of Oyster Bay, Nassau County, New York, in 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:38","indexId":"wri854051","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4051","title":"Hydrogeology and ground-water quality of the northern part of the Town of Oyster Bay, Nassau County, New York, in 1980","docAbstract":"This report presents geohydrologic and water quality data from the northern part of the Town of Oyster Bay, in the north-shore area of Long Island. The groundwater reservoir underlying the area consists of clay, silt, sand, and gravel layers that form six geohydrologic units; from bottom to top: the Lloyd aquifer, Raritan clay, Magothy aquifer, Port Washington aquifer, Port Washington confining unit, and the upper glacial aquifer. Crystalline bedrock underlies the Lloyd aquifer and forms the base of the groundwater system. The regional drought of 1962-67 caused groundwater levels to decline as much as 16 feet, but the water table altitude in 1980 equaled or exceeded predrought levels. Water levels measured in wells screened in the lower part of the Magothy aquifer and in the Lloyd aquifer throughout much of the area are still below those measured before the drought but are recovering. Groundwater in some areas contains nitrates, volatile organic compounds, and chloride in concentrations that exceed New York State drinking-water standards. Contamination is limited largely to the upper glacial aquifer and upper part of the Magothy aquifer. Saltwater has been reported in some wells along the shore but probably represents a natural condition rather than saltwater encroachment due to excessive pumping. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854051","usgsCitation":"Kilburn, C., and Krulikas, R., 1987, Hydrogeology and ground-water quality of the northern part of the Town of Oyster Bay, Nassau County, New York, in 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4051, v, 61 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854051.","productDescription":"v, 61 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4051/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56843,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4051/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56844,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4051/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56845,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4051/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56846,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4051/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56847,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4051/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56848,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4051/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56849,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4051/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62565d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kilburn, Chabot","contributorId":83499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilburn","given":"Chabot","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krulikas, R.K.","contributorId":81102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krulikas","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29033,"text":"wri874150 - 1987 - Hydrogeology and water quality of areas with persistent ground-water contamination near Blackfoot, Bingham County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-18T22:42:54.737467","indexId":"wri874150","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4150","title":"Hydrogeology and water quality of areas with persistent ground-water contamination near Blackfoot, Bingham County, Idaho","docAbstract":"The Groveland-Collins area near Blackfoot, Idaho, has a history of either periodic or persistent localized groundwater contamination. Water users in the area report offensive smell, metallic taste, rust deposits, and bacteria in water supplies. During 1984 and 1985, data were collected to define regional and local geologic, hydrologic, and groundwater quality conditions, and to identify factors that may have affected local groundwater quality. Infiltration or leakage of irrigation water is the major source of groundwater recharge, and water levels may fluctuate 15 ft or more during the irrigation season. Groundwater movement is generally northwestward. Groundwater contains predominantly calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate ions and characteristically has more than 200 mg/L hardness. Groundwater near the Groveland-Collins area may be contaminated from one or more sources, including infiltration of sewage effluent, gasoline or liquid fertilizer spillage, or land application of food processing wastewater. Subsurface basalt ridges impede lateral movement of water in localized areas. Groundwater pools temporarily behind these ridges and anomalously high water levels result. Maximum concentrations or values of constituents that indicate contamination were 1,450 microsiemens/cm specific conductance, 630 mg/L bicarbonate (as HCO<sub>3</sub>), 11 mg/L nitrite plus nitrate (as nitrogen), 7.3 mg/L ammonia (as nitrogen), 5.9 mg/L organic nitrogen, 4.4 mg/L dissolved organic carbon, 7,000 micrograms/L dissolved iron, 5 ,100 microgram/L dissolved manganese, and 320 microgram/L dissolved zinc. Dissolved oxygen concentrations ranged from 8.9 mg/L in uncontaminated areas to 0 mg/L in areas where food processing wastewater is applied to the land surface. Stable-isotope may be useful in differentiating between contamination from potato-processing wastewater and whey in areas where both are applied to the land surface. Development of a ground-water model to evaluate effects of land applications of organic wastewater and organic solute loading rates on subsurface water quality is not feasible at this time.","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874150","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Health and Welfare, Division of Environment","usgsCitation":"Parliman, D., 1987, Hydrogeology and water quality of areas with persistent ground-water contamination near Blackfoot, Bingham County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4150, v, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874150.","productDescription":"v, 102 p.","numberOfPages":"110","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396214,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46812.htm"},{"id":57894,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4150/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4150/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Bingham County","city":"Blackfoot","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.5,43.118056 ], [ -112.5,43.25 ], [ -112.25,43.25 ], [ -112.25,43.118056 ], [ -112.5,43.118056 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68532b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parliman, D. J.","contributorId":64220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parliman","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26440,"text":"wri874116 - 1987 - Relation of water chemistry of the Edwards aquifer to hydrogeology and land use, San Antonio Region, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T11:49:14","indexId":"wri874116","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4116","title":"Relation of water chemistry of the Edwards aquifer to hydrogeology and land use, San Antonio Region, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Water-chemistry data from the Edwards aquifer for 1976-85, consisting of nearly 1,500 chemical analyses from 280 wells and 3 springs, were used to statistically evaluate relations among ground-water chemistry, hydrogeology, and land use. Five land uses associated with sampled wells were classified on the basis of published information and field surveys. Four major subareas of the aquifer were defined to reflect the relative susceptibility of ground water to contamination originating from human activities using hydrogeologic and tritium data.</p>\n<p>Water from an agricultural area over the unconfined zone of the aquifer had the largest median concentration of nitrite plus nitrate. Large nitrite plus nitrate concentrations were spatially associated with large tritium concentrations and nitrogen isotopic ratios characteristic of streamflow recharge. Detections of fecal-coliform bacteria were associated mainly with water from wells completed in the unconfined zone.</p>\n<p>Most of the occurrences of tetrachloroethylene, l,2-(trans)-dichloroethylene, trichlorofluoromethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and 2,4-D in ground water were associated with wells completed in the unconfined zone of the aquifer. Fatty acids detected in water from some wells may commonly be present naturally in ground water.</p>\n<p>The percentage of samples in which arsenic, barium, lead, and zinc were detected was similar among subareas; the samples were from the freshwater parts of the aquifer. Large lead and zinc concentrations were associated with volumes of pumpage less than 1,000 gallons.</p>\n<p>In general, the quality of ground water in the freshwater parts of the aquifer (north of the \"bad-water\" line) is suitable for all uses including human consumption. Two areas that are exceptions are: (1) Northeast of Garner Field in Uvalde, Texas, where PCE (tetrachloroethylene) has been detected in groundwater samples, and (2) north-central Bexar County near the former West Avenue landfill where PCE and benzene have been detected in ground-water samples. Concentrations of these organic compounds in water from many wells in the two areas exceed the maximum contaminant level for human consumption set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri874116","usgsCitation":"Buszka, P.M., 1987, Relation of water chemistry of the Edwards aquifer to hydrogeology and land use, San Antonio Region, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4116, Report: vi, 100 p.; 16 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874116.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 100 p.; 16 Plates","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55255,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4116/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55258,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4116/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55259,"rank":414,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4116/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55260,"rank":415,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4116/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55257,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4116/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4116/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":110243,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46783.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"46783"},{"id":55261,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4116/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55245,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4116/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55246,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4116/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55247,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4116/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55248,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4116/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55249,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4116/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55250,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4116/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55251,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4116/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55252,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4116/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55253,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4116/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55254,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4116/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55256,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4116/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6349f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buszka, Paul M. 0000-0001-8218-826X pmbuszka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8218-826X","contributorId":1786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buszka","given":"Paul","email":"pmbuszka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29859,"text":"wri874245 - 1987 - Documentation of a graphical display program for the saturated- unsaturated transport (SUTRA) finite-element simulation model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri874245","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4245","title":"Documentation of a graphical display program for the saturated- unsaturated transport (SUTRA) finite-element simulation model","docAbstract":"This report documents a graphical display program for the U. S. Geological Survey finite-element groundwater flow and solute transport model. Graphic features of the program, SUTRA-PLOT (SUTRA-PLOT = saturated/unsaturated transport), include: (1) plots of the finite-element mesh, (2) velocity vector plots, (3) contour plots of pressure, solute concentration, temperature, or saturation, and (4) a finite-element interpolator for gridding data prior to contouring. SUTRA-PLOT is written in FORTRAN 77 on a PRIME 750 computer system, and requires Version 9.0 or higher of the DISSPLA graphics library. The program requires two input files: the SUTRA input data list and the SUTRA simulation output listing. The program is menu driven and specifications for individual types of plots are entered and may be edited interactively. Installation instruction, a source code listing, and a description of the computer code are given. Six examples of plotting applications are used to demonstrate various features of the plotting program. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri874245","usgsCitation":"Souza, W.R., 1987, Documentation of a graphical display program for the saturated- unsaturated transport (SUTRA) finite-element simulation model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4245, v, 122 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874245.","productDescription":"v, 122 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4245/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58670,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4245/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636249","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Souza, W. R.","contributorId":102114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Souza","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27350,"text":"wri864076 - 1987 - Application of techniques to identify coal-mine and power-generation effects on surface-water quality, San Juan River basin, New Mexico and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri864076","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4076","title":"Application of techniques to identify coal-mine and power-generation effects on surface-water quality, San Juan River basin, New Mexico and Colorado","docAbstract":"Numerous analytical techniques were applied to determine water quality changes in the San Juan River basin upstream of Shiprock , New Mexico. Eight techniques were used to analyze hydrologic data such as: precipitation, water quality, and streamflow. The eight methods used are: (1) Piper diagram, (2) time-series plot, (3) frequency distribution, (4) box-and-whisker plot, (5) seasonal Kendall test, (6) Wilcoxon rank-sum test, (7) SEASRS procedure, and (8) analysis of flow adjusted, specific conductance data and smoothing. Post-1963 changes in dissolved solids concentration, dissolved potassium concentration, specific conductance, suspended sediment concentration, or suspended sediment load in the San Juan River downstream from the surface coal mines were examined to determine if coal mining was having an effect on the quality of surface water. None of the analytical methods used to analyzed the data showed any increase in dissolved solids concentration, dissolved potassium concentration, or specific conductance in the river downstream from the mines; some of the analytical methods used showed a decrease in dissolved solids concentration and specific conductance. Chaco River, an ephemeral stream tributary to the San Juan River, undergoes changes in water quality due to effluent from a power generation facility. The discharge in the Chaco River contributes about 1.9% of the average annual discharge at the downstream station, San Juan River at Shiprock, NM. The changes in water quality detected at the Chaco River station were not detected at the downstream Shiprock station. It was not possible, with the available data, to identify any effects of the surface coal mines on water quality that were separable from those of urbanization, agriculture, and other cultural and natural changes. In order to determine the specific causes of changes in water quality, it would be necessary to collect additional data at strategically located stations. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864076","usgsCitation":"Goetz, C.L., Abeyta, C.G., and Thomas, E., 1987, Application of techniques to identify coal-mine and power-generation effects on surface-water quality, San Juan River basin, New Mexico and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4076, viii, 79 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864076.","productDescription":"viii, 79 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4076/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56212,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4076/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a75c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goetz, C. L.","contributorId":55845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abeyta, Cynthia G.","contributorId":52187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abeyta","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, E.V.","contributorId":55477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"E.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28543,"text":"wri874118 - 1987 - Effects of agricultural best-management practices on total phosphorus yields in the Johnson Brook and Lovejoy Pond watersheds, Kennebec County, Maine, 1980-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri874118","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4118","title":"Effects of agricultural best-management practices on total phosphorus yields in the Johnson Brook and Lovejoy Pond watersheds, Kennebec County, Maine, 1980-84","docAbstract":"Analysis of daily phosphorus yield and streamflow data collected before and after implementation of agricultural best management practices in the Johnson Brook watershed in south-central Maine indicated statistically significant reductions in phosphorus loading in all flow categories. Reduction of median loadings for five flow categories ranged from 26% to 90%. The annual total phosphorus yield was reduced 17% after implementation of the best management practices. The observed phosphorus yield reduction is considerable because of two streamflow factors. First, the period after implementation of the best management practices had eight more storms. Periods of storm runoff in the post-implementation period had 31 days with greater than average streamflow, and a maximum daily streamflow more than three times greater than those observed in the pre-implementation period. Second, the annual streamflow was 128% greater in the year after the management practices were implemented. Because the potential for phosphorous transport increases with runoff, and greater yields are possible when the volume of water increases, a higher phosphorus yield would be expected in the post-implementation period than during the pre-implementation period, if other factors had remained unchanged. The reductions in phosphorous yield in the study area are not expected to have a significant effect on the eutrophic conditions observed in Lovejoy Pond. Phosphorous concentrations in the pond will continue to be capable of supporting algal blooms. However, the intensity and duration of blooms are expected to be less than those observed before best management practice implementation. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874118","usgsCitation":"Maloney, T.J., and Sowles, J.W., 1987, Effects of agricultural best-management practices on total phosphorus yields in the Johnson Brook and Lovejoy Pond watersheds, Kennebec County, Maine, 1980-84: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4118, v, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874118.","productDescription":"v, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4118/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57375,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4118/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db616009","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maloney, Thomas J.","contributorId":35736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sowles, John W.","contributorId":40634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sowles","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30228,"text":"wri874184 - 1987 - Surface-geophysical investigations in Melton Valley, Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T09:09:48","indexId":"wri874184","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4184","title":"Surface-geophysical investigations in Melton Valley, Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee","docAbstract":"<p>Surface geophysical methods were found to be valuable for refining knowledge of the geohydrology of Melton Valley, an area used for burial of low-level radioactive waste at the Oak Ridge Reservation in Tennessee. The valley is characterized by locally complex geologic structures in lithologies of interbedded shale and limestone. Radionuclides have been transported away from the burial areas by groundwater along paths that are, in part, controlled by geologic structures and rock type. Direct current resistivity soundings were used to determine the depth to bedrock and to aid in the delineation of subsurface stratigraphy. Depth to bedrock, as indicated by an increase in resistivity in the interpreted geoelectric layering, was compared to auger-hole data at five sites, where bedrock depths ranged from 1 to 14 ft and were within 3 ft at four sites. The subsurface contact between shale and limestone was indicated by an increase in model calculated resistivity from &lt; 100 to &gt; 150 ohm-meters at four different sites. Terrain conductivity profiles were used to aid in mapping surficial geologic contacts between shale and limestone units. Terrain conductivity for shale at 33-ft coil separation was generally greater than 15 millimhos/m and ranged from about 10 to 40 millimhos/m. Conductivity for limestone was generally &lt; 15 millimhos/m and ranged from 5 to 25 millimhos/m. Azimuthal conductivity surveys indicated that conductivity was generally greatest when the transmitter and receiver coils were oriented parallel to strike. This anisotropy in terrain conductivity shows the need to keep the coil orientation consistent throughout the length of a profile. (Author 's abstract)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874184","usgsCitation":"Tucci, P., 1987, Surface-geophysical investigations in Melton Valley, Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4184, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874184.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri874184.jpg"},{"id":310319,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4184/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","county":"Roane County","otherGeospatial":"Melton Valley, Oak Ridge Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.2716,35.9104],[-84.2717,35.9072],[-84.2628,35.8971],[-84.268,35.8958],[-84.2792,35.9033],[-84.2843,35.9015],[-84.285,35.8947],[-84.2797,35.8806],[-84.2814,35.8783],[-84.2848,35.8775],[-84.2972,35.8854],[-84.3005,35.8863],[-84.309,35.8882],[-84.3227,35.8866],[-84.3283,35.8899],[-84.3299,35.8931],[-84.3331,35.8791],[-84.3426,35.8316],[-84.3477,35.8325],[-84.3729,35.8224],[-84.3758,35.8166],[-84.3812,35.8058],[-84.3802,35.798],[-84.3775,35.7916],[-84.3885,35.7823],[-84.3807,35.7776],[-84.3888,35.7677],[-84.3916,35.7701],[-84.3994,35.7742],[-84.4073,35.7775],[-84.4101,35.7776],[-84.4164,35.7767],[-84.421,35.7736],[-84.424,35.7664],[-84.4242,35.7578],[-84.4294,35.751],[-84.4368,35.7502],[-84.4435,35.7549],[-84.4474,35.7604],[-84.4531,35.7554],[-84.471,35.7389],[-84.4947,35.7169],[-84.5106,35.7167],[-84.5169,35.7122],[-84.5216,35.7059],[-84.5218,35.6946],[-84.5263,35.6951],[-84.5264,35.6915],[-84.5303,35.6915],[-84.5321,35.6879],[-84.5322,35.6843],[-84.522,35.6837],[-84.5215,35.6769],[-84.5306,35.677],[-84.5313,35.6707],[-84.5398,35.6703],[-84.5399,35.6658],[-84.5489,35.6663],[-84.5491,35.6591],[-84.5751,35.6594],[-84.5758,35.6521],[-84.5843,35.6518],[-84.585,35.6445],[-84.6201,35.645],[-84.6198,35.659],[-84.6306,35.6587],[-84.631,35.666],[-84.6283,35.69],[-84.6226,35.6963],[-84.6265,35.6995],[-84.6241,35.7067],[-84.6301,35.719],[-84.6368,35.7205],[-84.6362,35.7246],[-84.6453,35.7247],[-84.6448,35.7169],[-84.6545,35.7175],[-84.654,35.7102],[-84.6631,35.7103],[-84.6638,35.7031],[-84.6723,35.7032],[-84.6716,35.7104],[-84.6761,35.7105],[-84.6766,35.7173],[-84.6986,35.718],[-84.6985,35.7253],[-84.699,35.733],[-84.6988,35.7411],[-84.7028,35.7416],[-84.7141,35.7422],[-84.7163,35.7468],[-84.7236,35.7532],[-84.7287,35.7523],[-84.7327,35.7506],[-84.7389,35.7516],[-84.7439,35.7539],[-84.7524,35.7567],[-84.7541,35.7594],[-84.7522,35.7667],[-84.751,35.7707],[-84.7464,35.7752],[-84.7419,35.7766],[-84.7379,35.7792],[-84.7383,35.7869],[-84.7377,35.7906],[-84.741,35.7933],[-84.7472,35.7948],[-84.7489,35.7952],[-84.7551,35.798],[-84.763,35.8022],[-84.7731,35.8114],[-84.7804,35.8123],[-84.7844,35.8124],[-84.7889,35.8152],[-84.7872,35.8165],[-84.7832,35.8187],[-84.7803,35.8237],[-84.7785,35.8268],[-84.7722,35.83],[-84.7659,35.8344],[-84.7578,35.8425],[-84.7492,35.8488],[-84.7383,35.8532],[-84.7309,35.859],[-84.7251,35.8653],[-84.7187,35.8734],[-84.7041,35.8941],[-84.6978,35.8999],[-84.6858,35.9025],[-84.6818,35.9052],[-84.6795,35.9075],[-84.6749,35.9115],[-84.6703,35.9155],[-84.6611,35.9181],[-84.6566,35.9199],[-84.653,35.9262],[-84.6502,35.928],[-84.6462,35.9275],[-84.6433,35.9288],[-84.6393,35.931],[-84.6319,35.9305],[-84.6256,35.9336],[-84.6194,35.934],[-84.6159,35.9385],[-84.609,35.9411],[-84.6067,35.9456],[-84.6049,35.9515],[-84.602,35.9524],[-84.5969,35.9501],[-84.5907,35.9486],[-84.5844,35.9495],[-84.5765,35.9503],[-84.5543,35.9505],[-84.5547,35.96],[-84.554,35.9645],[-84.5374,35.9707],[-84.5288,35.9738],[-84.5169,35.9759],[-84.4939,35.9847],[-84.4888,35.9851],[-84.4774,35.9849],[-84.4672,35.9839],[-84.4564,35.9842],[-84.4461,35.9863],[-84.4185,36.0027],[-84.4065,36.008],[-84.3983,36.0156],[-84.3868,36.0214],[-84.3573,36.0441],[-84.347,36.048],[-84.3418,36.0493],[-84.3397,36.0443],[-84.3359,36.0338],[-84.3343,36.0302],[-84.3327,36.0243],[-84.3257,36.0069],[-84.3204,35.9919],[-84.3094,35.9722],[-84.2854,35.9301],[-84.2721,35.9113],[-84.2716,35.9104]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Roane\",\"state\":\"TN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a816","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tucci, Patrick ptucci@usgs.gov","contributorId":926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucci","given":"Patrick","email":"ptucci@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":202896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30460,"text":"wri844061 - 1987 - Overview of surface-water quality in Ohio's coal regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:55","indexId":"wri844061","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4061","title":"Overview of surface-water quality in Ohio's coal regions","docAbstract":"This report is designed to provide the nontechnical audience with some of the results of an 'Assessment of Water Quality in Streams Draining Coal-Producing Areas in Ohio,' by Christine L. Pfaff and others (published by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1981). The purpose of the assessment was to document the occurrence of certain chemical constituents in streams in Ohio's coal region and determine to what extent the presence of these constituents was related to mining.\r\n\r\nOhio's most productive coal seams are associated with the Allegheny and Monongahela Formation of Pennsylvanian age. These coals were mined by underground methods very early in Ohio's history. Underground mining continues in the state today; however, surface mining now produces significantly more coal. Acid mine drainage from unreclaimed surface and underground mines has affected surface-water quality in Ohio for many years, and recently has led to establishment of reclamation programs by State and Federal agencies.\r\n\r\nIn their assessment of Ohio's coal region, Pfaff and others sampled 150 sites in small watersheds underlain by the Allegheny and the Monogahela Formations. Each site represented only one of four land-use types (active-mine, unmined, abandoned-mine, or reclaimed).\r\n\r\nStatistical analysis of data from the unmined, abandoned-mine, and reclaimed sites showed that there were significant differences in pH, specific conductance, alkalinity, and concentrations of sulfate and aluminum among abandoned-mine and unmined sites. Reclaimed sites had average pH values and aluminum concentrations similar to those unmined sites. Average specific conductance and sulfate concentrations were about the same for reclaimed abandoned-mine sites, but were significantly lower at unmined sites; specific conductance and sulfate concentration, in fact, proved to be reliable indicators of basins that had been disturbed by mining. Alkalinity was significantly different for all three land uses, the highest values being found at reclaimed sites. The relationship revealed by this study may be useful in designing future water-quality sampling programs in Ohio's coal region.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844061","usgsCitation":"Westover, S., and Eberle, M., 1987, Overview of surface-water quality in Ohio's coal regions: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4061, iv, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844061.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4061/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59237,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4061/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a19b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westover, Susan","contributorId":90349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westover","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberle, Michael","contributorId":39770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberle","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26499,"text":"wri874093 - 1987 - Cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:32","indexId":"wri874093","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4093","title":"Cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia","docAbstract":"This report documents the results of a cost-effectiveness study of the stream-gaging program in Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia. Data uses and funding sources were identified for 99 continuously operated stream gages in Maryland , Delaware, and the District of Columbia. The current operation of the program requires a budget of $465,260/year. The average standard error of estimation of streamflow records is 11.8%. It is shown that this overall level of accuracy at the 99 sites could be maintained with a budget of $461,000, if resources were redistributed among the gages. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section, Western Distribution Branch,","doi":"10.3133/wri874093","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, D.H., James, R., and Gillen, D., 1987, Cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4093, vii, 85 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874093.","productDescription":"vii, 85 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4093/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55322,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4093/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcaa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, David H.","contributorId":49357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"James, R.W. Jr.","contributorId":23584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"R.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gillen, D.F.","contributorId":86805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillen","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28287,"text":"wri864313 - 1987 - Distribution and movement of trichloroethylene in ground water in the Tucson area, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-04T19:34:29.548395","indexId":"wri864313","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4313","title":"Distribution and movement of trichloroethylene in ground water in the Tucson area, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>In 1981, investigations of groundwater quality around Tucson International Airport revealed a number of wells that pumped water contaminated with trichloroethylene. Subsequent investigations resulted in the delineation of three distinct areas of contamination, the largest of which encompasses about 5 sq mi of aquifer surface area. Most of the contamination is in the top 100 ft of the saturated groundwater flow system. A fine-grained confining layer that is present in much of the contaminated area significantly limits the vertical movement of the chlorinated groundwater. Within the contaminated area, measured trichloroethylene concentrations were as high as 3,100 mg/L in 1984. Measured concentrations are highly variable vertically as well as horizontally. Future quantitative studies of contaminant movement may benefit from additional data collection and experiments to determine which contaminant transport and groundwater flow equations are most appropriate.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864313","usgsCitation":"Leake, S.A., and Hanson, R.T., 1987, Distribution and movement of trichloroethylene in ground water in the Tucson area, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4313, Report: v, 40 p.; 1 Plate: 38.331 x 25.77 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864313.","productDescription":"Report: v, 40 p.; 1 Plate: 38.331 x 25.77 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57106,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4313/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57105,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4313/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119754,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4313/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":411364,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36633.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Tucson","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.99371366505093,\n              32.181937259954395\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.99371366505093,\n              32.082632511973415\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.90576301382171,\n              32.082632511973415\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.90576301382171,\n              32.181937259954395\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.99371366505093,\n              32.181937259954395\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a71e4b07f02db642217","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, R. T.","contributorId":91148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26346,"text":"wri874107 - 1987 - Water-quality assessment of Arvada Reservoir, Denver metropolitan area, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-30T20:02:31.092307","indexId":"wri874107","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4107","title":"Water-quality assessment of Arvada Reservoir, Denver metropolitan area, Colorado","docAbstract":"Water quality data were collected from Arvada Reservoir, Colorado, and from its major inflows, Ralston Creek and Croke Canal, to assess the water quality of the reservoir, to evaluate the effect of water from various sources on the reservoir, and to estimate the trophic state of the reservoir. Data were collected at five sites in Arvada Reservoir, one site in Ralston Creek, and two sites in Croke Canal. The study began in June 1983 (just before filling in May 1984) and continued through September 1985. The reservoir was thermally stratified on most sampling dates from April through September. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations ranged from 0 to 12.0 milligrams per liter, and the reservoir was anaerobic below the 10-meter depth during most of the summer. Secchi-disk-depth measurements ranged from 0.9 to 5.5 meters and generally increased during the study period, possibly because of decreases in nonalgal turbidity after the reservoir was filled. Water from the reservoir generally is of suitable quality for a raw-water-supply source and for maintenance of aquatic life. Total-nitrogen and total-phosphorus concentrations were small, and both were growth-limiting factors in the reservoir. The phytoplankton community was diverse, and the most dominant taxa were diatoms. Phytoplankton densities ranged from 1,400 to 29,000 cells per millimeter, and chlorophyll alpha concentrations ranged from 0.0 to 20.4 micrograms per liter. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874107","usgsCitation":"Britton, L.J., and Gaggiani, N., 1987, Water-quality assessment of Arvada Reservoir, Denver metropolitan area, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4107, v, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874107.","productDescription":"v, 66 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4107/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55142,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4107/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":392257,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46774.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Denver","otherGeospatial":"Arvada Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.25,\n              39.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.1583,\n              39.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.1583,\n              39.8389\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.25,\n              39.8389\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.25,\n              39.8\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e72cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Britton, L. J.","contributorId":39788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britton","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaggiani, N. G.","contributorId":95890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaggiani","given":"N. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29132,"text":"wri874229 - 1987 - Water levels, chloride concentrations, and pumpage in the coastal aquifers of Delaware and Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri874229","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4229","title":"Water levels, chloride concentrations, and pumpage in the coastal aquifers of Delaware and Maryland","docAbstract":"The Manokin, Ocean City, Pocomoke, and unconfined aquifers of coastal Delaware and Maryland are susceptible to saltwater intrusion from inland movement of offshore water, and from vertical leakage from the bays and deeper aquifer. Comparison of data for water levels, chloride, and pumpage affected during 1974-86 shows that, with the exception of the 44th Street area in Ocean City, Maryland, increased pumpage and lower water levels have not yet caused corresponding increases in chloride concentrations in the confined aquifers. Pumpage from shallow wells near the inland bays has caused localized saltwater intrusion into the unconfined aquifer. Chloride concentrations in the Ocean City aquifer at 44th Street increased from 50 to 200mg/L from 1976 to 1986. Chloride concentrations in water from wells in the Manokin aquifer ranged from 6 to 460 mg/L, whereas those in the Ocean City aquifer ranged from 6 to 260 mg/L. Chloride concentrations in water from the Pocomoke aquifer ranged from 5 to 46 mg/L, and from 11.5 to 46 mg/L in the unconfined aquifer. Seasonal high water levels are affected more by total annual rainfall than by pumpage. Seasonal low water levels generally have declined during most years in areas of heavy pumpage along the coast. Inland, water levels have remained about the same of year to year. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874229","usgsCitation":"Phelan, D.J., 1987, Water levels, chloride concentrations, and pumpage in the coastal aquifers of Delaware and Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4229, xii, 106 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874229.","productDescription":"xii, 106 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4229/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58000,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4229/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58001,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4229/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9cf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelan, D. J.","contributorId":17635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelan","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27776,"text":"wri864050 - 1987 - Simulation of unsteady flow in the Milwaukee Harbor Estuary at Milwaukee, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-20T13:13:36","indexId":"wri864050","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4050","title":"Simulation of unsteady flow in the Milwaukee Harbor Estuary at Milwaukee, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the application and results of an unsteady-flow model for the Milwaukee Harbor Estuary. The model simulates unsteady and upstream flow occurring in the estuary as a result of Lake Michigan Seiche. The discharge computed by the model indicates that upstream flow occurs throughout the estuary during periods of lake seiche. Flow conditions are extremely unsteady and major flow reversals may occur within 1 hr. The simulated discharge indicates that both upstream and downstream flows four times greater than the average daily discharge can occur during the same day. An estimate of 5- or 15-minute average discharge was required during selected runoff events and at various locations in the estuary as part of the Milwaukee Harbor Estuary study. The model provides a method to estimate 5-minute average discharges at selected cross sections in the estuary. The U.S. Geological Survey 's Branch Network Model was used to simulate stage and discharge. A finite difference computation scheme is used to solve the one-dimensional flow equations. Model input requirements include channel geometry data, discharge at the upstream tributaries, and stage data at the estuary mouth. The model was used to simulate the flow during six selected time periods in 1982-84 using a 5- or 15-minute computation interval. (Author 's abstract)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864050","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission","usgsCitation":"House, L.B., 1987, Simulation of unsteady flow in the Milwaukee Harbor Estuary at Milwaukee, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4050, Report: iv, 19 p.; 1 Plate: 19.00 x 25.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864050.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 19 p.; 1 Plate: 19.00 x 25.00 inches","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56618,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4050/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4050/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56619,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4050/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Milwaukee County","city":"Milwaukee","otherGeospatial":"Milwaukee Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.92015075683594,\n              42.951396938304164\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.92015075683594,\n              43.09797467469801\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.81372070312499,\n              43.09797467469801\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.81372070312499,\n              42.951396938304164\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.92015075683594,\n              42.951396938304164\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4a96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"House, L. B.","contributorId":49386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25928,"text":"wri874190 - 1987 - Cenozoic stratigraphy and geologic history of the Tucson Basin, Pima County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:31","indexId":"wri874190","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4190","title":"Cenozoic stratigraphy and geologic history of the Tucson Basin, Pima County, Arizona","docAbstract":"This report was prepared as part of a geohydrologic study of the Tucson basin conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the city of Tucson. Geologic data from more than 500 water supply and test wells were analyzed to define characteristics of the basin sediments that may affect the potential for land subsidence induced by groundwater withdrawal. The Tucson basin is a structural depression within the Basin and Range physiographic province. The basin is 1,000 sq mi in units area and trends north to northwest. Three Cenozoic stratigraphic unit--the Pantano Formation of Oligocene age, the Tinaja beds (informal usage) of Miocene and Pliocene age, and the Fort Lowell Formation of Pleistocene age--fill the basin. The Tinaja beds include lower, middle, and upper unconformable units. A thin veneer of stream alluvium of late Quaternary age overlies the Fort Lowell Formation. The Pantano Formation and the lower Tinaja beds accumulated during a time of widespread continental sedimentation, volcanism, plutonism, uplift, and complex faulting and tilting of rock units that began during the Oligocene and continued until the middle Miocene. Overlying sediments of the middle and upper Tinaja beds were deposited in response to two subsequent episodes of post-12-million-year block faulting, the latter of which was accompanied by renewed uplift. The Fort Lowell Formation accumulated during the Quaternary development of modern through-flowing the maturation of the drainage. The composite Cenozoic stratigraphic section of the Tucson basin is at least 20,000 ft thick. The steeply tilted to flat-lying section is composed of indurated to unconsolidated clastic sediments, evaporites, and volcanic rocks that are lithologically and structurally complex. The lithology and structures of the section was greatly affected by the uplift and exhumation of adjacent metamorphic core-complex rocks. Similar Cenozoic geologic relations have been identified in other parts of southern Arizona. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874190","usgsCitation":"Anderson, S.R., 1987, Cenozoic stratigraphy and geologic history of the Tucson Basin, Pima County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4190, iv, 20 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874190.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124025,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4190/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54684,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4190/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54685,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4190/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54686,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4190/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54687,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4190/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6f9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, S. R.","contributorId":93518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25968,"text":"wri854246 - 1987 - An assessment of low flows in streams in northeastern Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"wri854246","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4246","title":"An assessment of low flows in streams in northeastern Wyoming","docAbstract":"Low flows were assessed and summarized in the following basins in northeastern Wyoming: Little Bighorn, Tongue, Powder, Little Missouri, Belle Fourche, Cheyenne, and Niobrara River, and about 200 river miles of the North Platte River and its tributaries. Only existing data from streamflow stations and miscellaneous observation sites during the period, 1930-80, were used. Data for a few stations in Montana and South Dakota were used in the analysis. Data were available for 56 perennial streams, 38 intermittent streams, and 34 ephemeral streams. The distribution of minimum observed flows of record at all stations and sites and the 7-day, 10-year low flows at mountain stations and main-stem plains stations are shown on a map. Seven day low flows were determined by fitting the log Pearsons Type III distribution to the data; results are tabulated only for the stations with at least 10 years of record that included at least one major drought. Most streams that originate in the foothills and plains have no flow during part of every year, and are typical of much of the study area. For stations on these streams , the frequency of the annual maximum number of consecutive days of no flow was determined, as an indicator of the likelihood of extended periods of no flow or drought. For estimates at ungaged sites on streams in the Bighorn Mountains only, a simple regression of 7-day, 10-year low flow on drainage area has a standard error of 64%, based on 19 stations with drainage areas of 2 to 200 sq mi. The 7-day, 10-year low flow in main-stem streams can be interpolated from graphs of 7-day, 10-year low flow versus distance along the main channel. Additional studies of low flow are needed. The data base, particularly synoptic baseflow information, needs considerable expansion. Also, the use of storage-analysis procedures should be considered as a means of assessing the availability of water in streams that otherwise are fully appropriated or that are ephemeral. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854246","usgsCitation":"Armentrout, G., and Wilson, J., 1987, An assessment of low flows in streams in northeastern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4246, iv, 30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854246.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4246/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54713,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4246/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54714,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4246/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684e34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armentrout, G.W.","contributorId":12890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armentrout","given":"G.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, J.F.","contributorId":100881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27972,"text":"wri854309 - 1987 - Surface-water hydrology of the Western New York Nuclear Service Center Cattaraugus County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T10:23:51","indexId":"wri854309","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4309","title":"Surface-water hydrology of the Western New York Nuclear Service Center Cattaraugus County, New York","docAbstract":"Precipitation data were collected from October 1980 through September 1983 from three recording gages at the Western New York Nuclear Service Center, and surface water data were collected at three continuous-record gaging stations and one partial-record gage on streams that drain a 0.7 sq km part of the site. Seepage from springs was measured periodically during the study. The data were used to identify runoff characteristics at the waste burial ground and the reprocessing plant area, 400 meters to the north. Preliminary water budgets for April 1982 through March 1983 were calculated to aid in the development of groundwater flow models to the two areas. Nearly 80% of the measured runoff from the burial ground area was storm runoff; the remaining 20% was base flow. In contrast, only 30% of the runoff leaving the reprocessing plant area was storm runoff, and 70% was base flow. This difference is attributed to soil composition. The burial ground soil consists of clayey silty till that limits infiltration and causes most precipitation to flow to local channels as direct runoff. In contrast, the reprocessing plant area is overlain by alluvial sand and gravel that allows rapid infiltration of precipitation and subsequent steady discharge from the water table to nearby stream channels and seepage faces. Measured total annual runoff and estimated evapotranspiration from the reprocessing plant area exceeded the precipitation by 35%, which suggests that the groundwater basin is larger than the surface water basin. The additional outflow probably includes underflow from bedrock upgradient from the plant, water leakage from plant facilities, and groundwater flow from adjacent basins. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri854309","usgsCitation":"Kappel, W.M., and Harding, W.E., 1987, Surface-water hydrology of the Western New York Nuclear Service Center Cattaraugus County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4309, v, 36 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854309.","productDescription":"v, 36 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4309/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":366709,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4309/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Cattaraugus County","otherGeospatial":"Western New York Nuclear Service Center","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.65777492523192,\n              42.44907976495076\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.65481376647948,\n              42.44907976495076\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.65481376647948,\n              42.45040973396976\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.65777492523192,\n              42.45040973396976\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.65777492523192,\n              42.44907976495076\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a634","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kappel, W. M.","contributorId":18754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harding, W. E.","contributorId":12527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harding","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26741,"text":"wri864132 - 1987 - Statistical analysis relating well yield to construction practices and siting of wells in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge provinces of North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T12:12:48","indexId":"wri864132","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4132","title":"Statistical analysis relating well yield to construction practices and siting of wells in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge provinces of North Carolina","docAbstract":"A statistical analysis was made of data from more than 6,200 water wells drilled in the fractured crystalline rocks of the Blue Ridge, Piedmont, and western edge of the Coastal Plain where crystalline rocks underlie sediments at shallow depths. The study area encompassed 65 countries in western North Carolina, an area of 30,544 square mi, comprising nearly two-thirds of the State. Additional water supplies will be needed in western North Carolina as population and industrial development continue to increase. Ground water is an attractive alternative to surface water sources for moderate to large supplies. The statistical analysis was made to identify the geologic, topographic, and construction factors associated with high-yield wells. It is generally held that the crystalline rocks of Blue Ridge and Piedmont provinces yield only small amounts of water to wells, that water is obtained from vertical fractures that pinch out at a depth of about 300 feet because of lithostatic pressure, and that the function of a larger diameter well is primarily for storage. These concepts are reasonable when based upon the average well drilled in these rocks: a domestic well, 125 feet deep, 6 inches or less in diameter, and located on a hill or ridge. However, statistical analysis shows that wells in draws or valleys have average yields three times those of wells on hills and ridges. Wells in the most productive hydrogeologic units have average yields twice those of wells in the least productive units. Wells in draws and valleys in the most productive units average five times more yield than wells on hills and ridges in the least productive units. Well diameter can have significant influence on yield; for a given depth, yield is directly proportional to well diameter. Maximum well yields are obtained from much greater depths than previously believed. For example, the average yield of 6-inch diameter wells located in draws and valleys can be expected to reach a maximum of about 45 gallons per minute at depths of 500 to 525 feet; for similarly located 12-inch diameter wells, the average yield can be expected to reach a maximum of about 150 gallons per min at depths of 700 to 800 ft. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864132","usgsCitation":"Daniel, C., 1987, Statistical analysis relating well yield to construction practices and siting of wells in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge provinces of North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4132, v, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864132.","productDescription":"v, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4132/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55619,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4132/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Blue Ridge Province, Piedmont 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,{"id":26189,"text":"wri874074 - 1987 - Traveltime, reaeration, and water-quality characteristics during low-flow conditions in Wilsons Creek and the James River near Springfield, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T18:17:02.011269","indexId":"wri874074","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4074","title":"Traveltime, reaeration, and water-quality characteristics during low-flow conditions in Wilsons Creek and the James River near Springfield, Missouri","docAbstract":"Before upgrading the Southwest Wastewater-Treatment Plant near Springfield, Missouri, to tertiary treatment, adverse water quality conditions resulting from discharge of wastewater effluent to Wilson Creek were documented in the creek and in the James River. About 7 years after the upgrading of the treatment plant, traveltime, reaeration, and water quality characteristics were determined in Wilsons Creek and the James River. Traveltime was measured once in Wilsons Creek and twice in the James River during low-flow conditions. Traveltimes in the James River were estimated for discharge between 55 and 200 cu ft/sec at a site near Boaz. Reaeration coefficients were calculated for five reaches in Wilsons Creek and the James River using the modified-tracer technique. Calculated reaeration coefficients were compared with coefficients predicted by twelve empirical equations and one equation was chosen that best fit the data. Water quality data were collected during two 44-hr periods, August 14 to 16, 1984, and July 23 to 25, 1985. Samples were collected at the outflow of the Southwest Wastewater Treatment Plant at seven sites along Wilsons Creek and the James River. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations in Wilsons Creek and the James River were all larger than Missouri 's water quality standard of 5.0 mg/l. Ammonia concentrations and 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demands were small, which indicated that the oxygen consumption by oxidizing ammonia and carbonaceous organic materials would be insignificant. Measured streambed oxygen demand in the James River was largest directly downstream from Wilsons Creek. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874074","usgsCitation":"Berkas, W., 1987, Traveltime, reaeration, and water-quality characteristics during low-flow conditions in Wilsons Creek and the James River near Springfield, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4074, v, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874074.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407980,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46749.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54986,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4074/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4074/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Springfield","otherGeospatial":"James River, Wilson's Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.3,\n              36.9167\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.4167,\n              36.9167\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.4167,\n              37.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.3,\n              37.1667\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.3,\n              36.9167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697d44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berkas, W.R.","contributorId":59808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkas","given":"W.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26481,"text":"wri874027 - 1987 - Water resources and potential effects of surface coal mining in the area of the Woodson Preference Right Lease Application, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:34","indexId":"wri874027","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4027","title":"Water resources and potential effects of surface coal mining in the area of the Woodson Preference Right Lease Application, Montana","docAbstract":"Federal coal lands of the Woodson Preference Right Lease Application are located in Dawson and Richland Counties, northeastern Montana. A probable mine area, comprised of the lease area and adjacent coal lands, contains about 220 million tons of recoverable lignite coal in the 12-37 ft thick Pust coal bed. A hydrologic study has been conducted in the area to describe the water resources and to evaluate potential effects of coal mining on the water resources. Geohydrologic data collected from wells and springs indicate that several aquifers exist in the area. Sandstone beds in the Tongue River Member of the Fort Union Formation (Paleocene age) are the most common aquifers and probably underlie the entire area. The Pust coal bed in the Tongue River Member is water saturated in part of the probable mine area and is dry in other parts of the probable mine area. Other aquifers, located mostly outside of the probable mine area, exist in gravel of the Flaxville Formation (Miocene of Pliocene age) and valley alluvium (Pleistocene and Holocene age). Chemical analyses of groundwater indicate a range in dissolved solids concentration of 240-2,280 mg/L. Surface water resources are limited. Most streams in the area are ephemeral and flow only in response to rainfall or snowmelt. Small reaches of the North and Middle Forks of Burns Creek have intermittent flow. Water sampled from a small perennial reach of the Middle Fork had a dissolved solids concentration of 700 mg/L. Mining of the Pust coal bed would destroy one spring and four stock wells, dewater areas of the Pust coal and sandstone aquifers, and probably lower water levels in seven stock and domestic wells. Mining in the valley of Middle Fork Burns Creek would intercept streamflow and alter flow characteristics of a small perennial reach of stream. Leaching of soluble minerals from mine spoils may cause a long-term degradation of the quality of water in the spoils and in aquifers downgradient from the spoils. Some of the effects on local water supplies could be mitigated by development of new wells in deeper sandstones of the Tongue River Member. Effects of mining on water resources would be minimized if only areas of dry coal were mined. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874027","usgsCitation":"Cannon, M.R., 1987, Water resources and potential effects of surface coal mining in the area of the Woodson Preference Right Lease Application, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4027, iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874027.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4027/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55307,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4027/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d2e4b07f02db5486c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, M. R.","contributorId":99140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26277,"text":"wri854342 - 1987 - Ground-water resources of Jones County, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"wri854342","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4342","title":"Ground-water resources of Jones County, Mississippi","docAbstract":"Jones County, Mississippi, is supplied with groundwater from aquifers in strata of Eocene and younger age. The largest groundwater withdrawals are from aquifers in the Catahoula Sandstone of the Miocene aquifer system that occur at depths of 200 and 400 ft in the Laurel area. Several public and industrial water supply wells obtain water from deeper Eocene strata that occur at depths of more than 900 ft. Pumpage from all aquifers in Jones County for all uses increased from &lt; 1 million gal/day (mgd) in 1925 to a maximum of 21.6 mgd in 1975. The city of Laurel used about 6.2 mgd in 1984 and total water use for the county was about 14.1 mgd. The extreme irregularity of the sand beds that form the aquifers is reflected in the wide range in hydraulic characteristics. Transmissivity values range from 600 to 10,000 sq ft/day and average about 6,000 sq ft/day. The average hydraulic conductivity is about 90 ft/day. Water levels in key observation wells in the lower Catahoula aquifer at Laurel have declined from about 150 ft above sea level in 1945 to about 80 ft above sea level in 1985. Since 1975, water levels in the Catahoula aquifers in the Laurel area have declined at a slower rate, but the cone of depression has enlarged because of areal changes in pumping. Water in the major aquifers is usable for most purposes, and concentrations of common constituents do not exceed water quality criteria for drinking water supplies. Iron concentrations are highest in the Catahoula and Vicksburg aquifers, exceeding 0.30 mg/L in water from 33% of the wells for which data are available. Color is highest in the Eocene Cockfield aquifer, exceeding 50 units in water from 60% of the wells. Dissolved solids concentrations range from 487 to 840 mg/L in water from wells in the Cockfield and Sparta aquifers. The pH values generally are &lt; 7.0 in water from wells in the Catahoula and Vicksburg aquifers and &gt; 8.4 in water from wells in the Cockfield and Sparta aquifers. Hardness of water from all aquifers rarely exceeds 50 mg/L. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854342","usgsCitation":"Boswell, E.H., Bednar, G., and Darden, D., 1987, Ground-water resources of Jones County, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4342, v, 49 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854342.","productDescription":"v, 49 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123770,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4342/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55087,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4342/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6497c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boswell, E. H.","contributorId":38954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bednar, G.A.","contributorId":94668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bednar","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Darden, Daphne","contributorId":12489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darden","given":"Daphne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26351,"text":"wri874050 - 1987 - Bias and precision of selected analytes reported by the National Atmospheric Deposition Program and National Trends Network, 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri874050","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4050","title":"Bias and precision of selected analytes reported by the National Atmospheric Deposition Program and National Trends Network, 1984","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey operated a blind audit sample program during 1974 to test the effects of the sample handling and shipping procedures used by the National Atmospheric Deposition Program and National Trends Network on the quality of wet deposition data produced by the combined networks. Blind audit samples, which were dilutions of standard reference water samples, were submitted by network site operators to the central analytical laboratory disguised as actual wet deposition samples. Results from the analyses of blind audit samples were used to calculate estimates of analyte bias associated with all network wet deposition samples analyzed in 1984 and to estimate analyte precision. Concentration differences between double blind samples that were submitted to the central analytical laboratory and separate analyses of aliquots of those blind audit samples that had not undergone network sample handling and shipping were used to calculate analyte masses that apparently were added to each blind audit sample by routine network handling and shipping procedures. These calculated masses indicated statistically significant biases for magnesium, sodium , potassium, chloride, and sulfate. Median calculated masses were 41.4 micrograms (ug) for calcium, 14.9 ug for magnesium, 23.3 ug for sodium, 0.7 ug for potassium, 16.5 ug for chloride and 55.3 ug for sulfate. Analyte precision was estimated using two different sets of replicate measures performed by the central analytical laboratory. Estimated standard deviations were similar to those previously reported. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874050","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M.H., Schroder, L., and Willoughby, T.C., 1987, Bias and precision of selected analytes reported by the National Atmospheric Deposition Program and National Trends Network, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4050, iv, 19 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874050.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4050/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55146,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4050/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62ae7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, M. H.","contributorId":107735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schroder, L.J.","contributorId":31767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":196232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willoughby, T. C.","contributorId":31791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willoughby","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27882,"text":"wri864336 - 1987 - Cost effectiveness of the US Geological Survey stream-gaging program in Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri864336","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4336","title":"Cost effectiveness of the US Geological Survey stream-gaging program in Alabama","docAbstract":"A study of the cost effectiveness of the stream gaging program in Alabama identified data uses and funding sources for 72 surface water stations (including dam stations, slope stations, and continuous-velocity stations) operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alabama with a budget of $393,600. Of these , 58 gaging stations were used in all phases of the analysis at a funding level of $328,380. For the current policy of operation of the 58-station program, the average standard error of estimation of instantaneous discharge is 29.3%. This overall level of accuracy can be maintained with a budget of $319,800 by optimizing routes and implementing some policy changes. The maximum budget considered in the analysis was $361,200, which gave an average standard error of estimation of 20.6%. The minimum budget considered was $299,360, with an average standard error of estimation of 36.5%. The study indicates that a major source of error in the stream gaging records is lost or missing data that are the result of streamside equipment failure. If perfect equipment were available, the standard error in estimating instantaneous discharge under the current program and budget could be reduced to 18.6%. This can also be interpreted to mean that the streamflow data records have a standard error of this magnitude during times when the equipment is operating properly. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864336","usgsCitation":"Jeffcoat, H., 1987, Cost effectiveness of the US Geological Survey stream-gaging program in Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4336, v, 96 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864336.","productDescription":"v, 96 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4336/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56705,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4336/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680aaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jeffcoat, H.H.","contributorId":59471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffcoat","given":"H.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30413,"text":"wri874126 - 1987 - Preliminary assessment of water quality in the alluvial aquifer of the Puerco River basin, Northeastern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri874126","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4126","title":"Preliminary assessment of water quality in the alluvial aquifer of the Puerco River basin, Northeastern Arizona","docAbstract":"The quality of groundwater in the alluvial aquifer of the Puerco River basin, northeastern Arizona, was evaluated in order to assess potential contamination from uranium mining and milling operations in New Mexico. A total of 14 wells and 1 spring were sampled to determine if a contaminant plume of radionuclides or trace elements is present. The water is characterized by high dissolved solids with a median of 698 mg/l and high concentrations of alkalinity, sodium, and sulfate. Except for iron, manganese, and strontium, the concentrations of trace elements generally are below the applicable EPA and State of Arizona maximum contaminant levels. Gross alpha activity has a median of 27 picocuries/l and ranges from 4 to 42 picocuries/l. Uranium, which accounts for most of the gross alpha activity, has a median concentration of 19 micrograms/l and ranges from 1 to 38 micrograms/l. Twenty percent to 84% of the gross alpha activity was derived from other undetermined radionuclides. Other radionuclides, including radium-226 and radium-228, generally are not present in activities &gt; 5 picocuries/l in the water. Statistical analysis of the water quality data suggest that no contaminant plume can be defined on the basis of samples from existing wells. The contamination in the alluvial aquifer apparently does not change in the downstream direction along the Puerco River. The geochemistry of radionuclides indicates that most radionuclides from the uranium-decay series are immobile or only slightly mobile, whereas uranium will not precipitate out of solution but may be removed by sorption in the alluvial aquifer. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874126","usgsCitation":"Webb, R.H., Rink, G., and Radtke, D.B., 1987, Preliminary assessment of water quality in the alluvial aquifer of the Puerco River basin, Northeastern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4126, vi, 70 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874126.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4126/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59183,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4126/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c9b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, R. H.","contributorId":13648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rink, G.R.","contributorId":63829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rink","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Radtke, D. B.","contributorId":72821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radtke","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28260,"text":"wri834099 - 1987 - Documentation of computer program VS2D to solve the equations of fluid flow in variably saturated porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri834099","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4099","title":"Documentation of computer program VS2D to solve the equations of fluid flow in variably saturated porous media","docAbstract":"This report documents FORTRAN computer code for solving problems involving variably saturated single-phase flow in porous media. The flow equation is written with total hydraulic potential as the dependent variable, which allows straightforward treatment of both saturated and unsaturated conditions. The spatial derivatives in the flow equation are approximated by central differences, and time derivatives are approximated either by a fully implicit backward or by a centered-difference scheme. Nonlinear conductance and storage terms may be linearized using either an explicit method or an implicit Newton-Raphson method. Relative hydraulic conductivity is evaluated at cell boundaries by using either full upstream weighting, the arithmetic mean, or the geometric mean of values from adjacent cells. Nonlinear boundary conditions treated by the code include infiltration, evaporation, and seepage faces. Extraction by plant roots that is caused by atmospheric demand is included as a nonlinear sink term. These nonlinear boundary and sink terms are linearized implicitly. The code has been verified for several one-dimensional linear problems for which analytical solutions exist and against two nonlinear problems that have been simulated with other numerical models. A complete listing of data-entry requirements and data entry and results for three example problems are provided. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834099","usgsCitation":"Lappala, E., Healy, R.W., and Weeks, E., 1987, Documentation of computer program VS2D to solve the equations of fluid flow in variably saturated porous media: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4099, ix, 184 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834099.","productDescription":"ix, 184 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4099/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57085,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4099/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ae4b07f02db63ccb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lappala, E.G.","contributorId":17996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lappala","given":"E.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weeks, E.P.","contributorId":38514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}