We have developed a technique that combines a high temperature quartz furnace with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for the determination of Hg stored in the annual CaCO3 bands found in coral skeletons. Substantial matrix effects, presumably due to the discontinuous introduction of CO2 to the gas stream, were corrected for by simultaneously supplying a stream of argon containing highly enriched elemental 202Hgo and observing peaks in the 200Hg/202Hg signal as the sample was decomposed. Primary signal calibration for Hg was achieved using gas injections from a saturated vapor standard. The absolute instrument detection limit was low (about 0.2 fmol), with a practical limit of detection (3σ of blanks) of 2 fmol. Reproducibility of samples was (RSD) 15–27%.
We applied this method to the determination of Hg concentrations in two colonies of Diploria labyrinthiformis collected from Castle Harbour, Bermuda, at a site about to be buried under the municipal waste landfill. The temporal reconstructions of Castle Harbour seawater Hg concentrations implied by the coral record show a decline throughout the period of record (1949–2008). The coral archived no apparent signal associated with waste disposal practices in the Harbour (bulk waste land-filling or, since 1994, disposal of waste incinerator ash), and mercury concentrations in the coral did not correlate to growth rate as assessed by linear extension. There was, however, a large and nearly exponential decrease in apparent Hg concentration in the Harbour which circumstantially implicates the dredging and/or landfilling operations associated with the construction of the airport on St. David’s Island.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2013.01.026","usgsCitation":"Lamborg, C.H., Swarr, G.J., Hughen, K.A., Jones, R.J., Birdwhistell, S., Furby, K., Murty, S.A., Prouty, N.G., and Tseng, C., 2013, Determination of low-level mercury in coralline aragonite by calcination-isotope dilution-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and its application to Diploria specimens from Castle Harbour, Bermuda: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 109, p. 27-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.01.026.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"37","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358214,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Castle Harbour, Bermuda","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -64.7317886352539,\n 32.3271767410611\n ],\n [\n -64.63497161865234,\n 32.3271767410611\n ],\n [\n -64.63497161865234,\n 32.394167471465536\n ],\n [\n -64.7317886352539,\n 32.394167471465536\n ],\n [\n -64.7317886352539,\n 32.3271767410611\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"109","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc03ab9e4b0fc368eb53b34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamborg, Carl H.","contributorId":100307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamborg","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swarr, Gretchen J.","contributorId":22711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarr","given":"Gretchen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughen, Konrad A.","contributorId":52490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughen","given":"Konrad","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Ross J.","contributorId":208522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Birdwhistell, Scott","contributorId":208523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birdwhistell","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Furby, Kathryn","contributorId":208524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furby","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Murty, Sujata A.","contributorId":208525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murty","given":"Sujata","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Prouty, Nancy G. 0000-0002-8922-0688 nprouty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8922-0688","contributorId":3350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"Nancy","email":"nprouty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tseng, Chun-Mao","contributorId":208526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tseng","given":"Chun-Mao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70045964,"text":"ofr20121256 - 2013 - Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, water year 2012: Quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-27T18:57:02","indexId":"ofr20121256","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1256","title":"Total dissolved gas and water temperature in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, water year 2012: Quality-assurance data and comparison to water-quality standards","docAbstract":"Air is entrained in water as it is flows through the spillways of dams, which causes an increase in the concentration of total dissolved gas in the water downstream from the dams. The elevated concentrations of total dissolved gas can adversely affect fish and other freshwater aquatic life. An analysis of total-dissolved-gas and water-temperature data collected at eight monitoring stations on the lower Columbia River in Oregon and Washington in 2012 indicated the following:
\nNorthwest hikers frequently hand down rich traditions of favorite trails to younger generations. While these multi-generational traditions provide the illusion of landscape permanence, observant hikers often witness geologic change in progress—rockfall, water erosion, and glacier change. You might recognize that your views of mountain landscapes are a little bit different from the views of your grandparents, and what you see will likely be different from what your own grandchildren will eventually see.
","language":"English","publisher":"Washington Trails Association","usgsCitation":"Driedger, C.L., 2013, Washington's volcanoes: Know your sleeping giants: Washington Trails, HTML.","productDescription":"HTML","ipdsId":"IP-044701","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":463473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wta.org/news/signpost/washingtons-volcanoes-know-sleeping-giants"},{"id":463482,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.84752275158664,\n 48.86080984244239\n ],\n [\n -123.9272495150573,\n 48.86080984244239\n ],\n [\n -123.9272495150573,\n 41.18440097951631\n ],\n [\n -120.84752275158664,\n 41.18440097951631\n ],\n [\n -120.84752275158664,\n 48.86080984244239\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Carolyn L. 0000-0002-4011-4112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4011-4112","contributorId":204744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Carolyn","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":917564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045953,"text":"ofr20131110 - 2013 - Capture of white sturgeon larvae downstream of The Dalles Dam, Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-17T09:05:40","indexId":"ofr20131110","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1110","title":"Capture of white sturgeon larvae downstream of The Dalles Dam, Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2012","docAbstract":"Wild-spawned white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) larvae captured and reared in aquaculture facilities and subsequently released, are increasingly being used in sturgeon restoration programs in the Columbia River Basin. A reconnaissance study was conducted to determine where to deploy nets to capture white sturgeon larvae downstream of a known white sturgeon spawning area. As a result of the study, 103 white sturgeon larvae and 5 newly hatched free-swimming embryos were captured at 3 of 5 reconnaissance netting sites. The netting, conducted downstream of The Dalles Dam on the Columbia River during June 25–29, 2012, provided information for potentially implementing full-scale collection efforts of large numbers of larvae for rearing in aquaculture facilities and for subsequent release at a larger size in white sturgeon restoration programs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131110","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Chelan County Public Utility District","usgsCitation":"Parsley, M.J., and Kofoot, E., 2013, Capture of white sturgeon larvae downstream of The Dalles Dam, Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1110, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131110.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131110.jpg"},{"id":272260,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1110/"},{"id":272261,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1110/pdf/ofr20131110.pdf","text":"Report","size":"700 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River, Dalles Dam","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.08,46.13 ], [ -124.08,46.34 ], [ -123.48,46.34 ], [ -123.48,46.13 ], [ -124.08,46.13 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5026e4b0b290850f3296","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsley, Michael J. 0000-0003-0097-6364 mparsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-6364","contributorId":2608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"Michael","email":"mparsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kofoot, Eric","contributorId":9939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kofoot","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045330,"text":"70045330 - 2013 - Fall diel diet composition of American eel (Anguilla rostrata) in a tributary of the Hudson River, New York, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T15:52:30","indexId":"70045330","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fall diel diet composition of American eel (Anguilla rostrata) in a tributary of the Hudson River, New York, USA","docAbstract":"American eel (Anguilla rostrata), a once common species, is now in decline throughout much of its native range in North America. There is little information on the role of American eel in river food webs. A better understanding of the diet and ecological role of American eel will help in the conservation of this important species. During autumn 2009, eel and aquatic invertebrate samples were collected from Hannacroix Creek, a tributary of the Hudson River, in Albany and Greene counties, New York, USA. Eel diet was analyzed by the eel size and time period (day or night). A high proportion of eel stomachs were empty (73%). Eel diets varied among size classes and day and night feeding periods (p = 0.001). Diet overlap was significant between small and medium eels caught both during the day (α = 0.71) and at night (α = 0.84). Nocturnal diet and nocturnal invertebrate samples were similar (α = 0.65), indicating a preference for bottom feeding during the night. Mayfly nymphs were the major prey consumed in each period by all size classes. Among eels that fed, night-feeding eels had the greatest stomach weight (as a percent of total body weight). The swim-bladder parasite, Anguillicoloides crassus, was also observed in eels of all size classes with nearly 50% afflicted.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2012.706755","usgsCitation":"Waldt, E.M., Abbett, R., Johnson, J.H., Dittman, D.E., and McKenna, J., 2013, Fall diel diet composition of American eel (Anguilla rostrata) in a tributary of the Hudson River, New York, USA: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 28, no. 1, p. 91-98, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2012.706755.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"98","ipdsId":"IP-038764","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2012.706755","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":272272,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272271,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2012.706755"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Hudson River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.8,40.5 ], [ -79.8,45.0 ], [ -72.0,45.0 ], [ -72.0,40.5 ], [ -79.8,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5905e4b0b290850f8771","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldt, Emily M. ewaldt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldt","given":"Emily","email":"ewaldt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abbett, Ross 0000-0001-6276-5541 rabbett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6276-5541","contributorId":4359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbett","given":"Ross","email":"rabbett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, James H. 0000-0002-5619-3871 jhjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5619-3871","contributorId":389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"jhjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dittman, Dawn E. 0000-0002-0711-3732 ddittman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0711-3732","contributorId":2762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dittman","given":"Dawn","email":"ddittman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKenna, James E.","contributorId":9217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70045947,"text":"70045947 - 2013 - Return period adjustment for runoff coefficients based on analysis in undeveloped Texas watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T15:09:44","indexId":"70045947","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2362,"text":"Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Return period adjustment for runoff coefficients based on analysis in undeveloped Texas watersheds","docAbstract":"The rational method for peak discharge (Qp) estimation was introduced in the 1880s. The runoff coefficient (C) is a key parameter for the rational method that has an implicit meaning of rate proportionality, and the C has been declared a function of the annual return period by various researchers. Rate-based runoff coefficients as a function of the return period, C(T), were determined for 36 undeveloped watersheds in Texas using peak discharge frequency from previously published regional regression equations and rainfall intensity frequency for return periods T of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years. The C(T) values and return period adjustments C(T)/C(T=10 year) determined in this study are most applicable to undeveloped watersheds. The return period adjustments determined for the Texas watersheds in this study and those extracted from prior studies of non-Texas data exceed values from well-known literature such as design manuals and textbooks. Most importantly, the return period adjustments exceed values currently recognized in Texas Department of Transportation design guidance when T>10 years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000571","usgsCitation":"Dhakal, N., Fang, X., Asquith, W.H., Cleveland, T., and Thompson, D.B., 2013, Return period adjustment for runoff coefficients based on analysis in undeveloped Texas watersheds: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, v. 139, no. 6, p. 476-482, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000571.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"476","endPage":"482","ipdsId":"IP-042345","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272266,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272265,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000571"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.6,25.8 ], [ -106.6,36.5 ], [ -93.5,36.5 ], [ -93.5,25.8 ], [ -106.6,25.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"139","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd70e0e4b0b29085107537","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dhakal, Nirajan","contributorId":93796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dhakal","given":"Nirajan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fang, Xing","contributorId":27134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fang","given":"Xing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cleveland, Theodore G.","contributorId":88029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Theodore G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, David B.","contributorId":79954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70045945,"text":"70045945 - 2013 - Regional patterns and proximal causes of the recent snowpack decline in the Rocky Mountains, U.S.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T09:28:15","indexId":"70045945","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional patterns and proximal causes of the recent snowpack decline in the Rocky Mountains, U.S.","docAbstract":"We used a first-order, monthly snow model and observations to disentangle seasonal influences on 20th century,regional snowpack anomalies in the Rocky Mountains of western North America, where interannual variations in cool-season (November–March) temperatures are broadly synchronous, but precipitation is typically antiphased north to south and uncorrelated with temperature. Over the previous eight centuries, regional snowpack variability exhibits strong, decadally persistent north-south (N-S) antiphasing of snowpack anomalies. Contrary to the normal regional antiphasing, two intervals of spatially synchronized snow deficits were identified. Snow deficits shown during the 1930s were synchronized north-south by low cool-season precipitation, with spring warming (February–March) since the 1980s driving the majority of the recent synchronous snow declines, especially across the low to middle elevations. Spring warming strongly influenced low snowpacks in the north after 1958, but not in the south until after 1980. The post-1980, synchronous snow decline reduced snow cover at low to middle elevations by ~20% and partly explains earlier and reduced streamflow and both longer and more active fire seasons. Climatologies of Rocky Mountain snowpack are shown to be seasonally and regionally complex, with Pacific decadal variability positively reinforcing the anthropogenic warming trend.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/grl.50424","usgsCitation":"Pederson, G.T., Betancourt, J.L., and McCabe, G., 2013, Regional patterns and proximal causes of the recent snowpack decline in the Rocky Mountains, U.S.: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 40, no. 9, p. 1811-1816, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50424.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1811","endPage":"1816","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272195,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272194,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/grl.50424"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.5,29.1 ], [ -127.5,49.0 ], [ -102.4,49.0 ], [ -102.4,29.1 ], [ -127.5,29.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c02ff5e4b0ee1529ed3d49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pederson, Gregory T. 0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":1453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042353,"text":"70042353 - 2013 - Evaporative losses from soils covered by physical and different types of biological soil crusts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T11:23:03","indexId":"70042353","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaporative losses from soils covered by physical and different types of biological soil crusts","docAbstract":"Evaporation of soil moisture is one of the most important processes affecting water availability in semiarid ecosystems. Biological soil crusts, which are widely distributed ground cover in these ecosystems, play a recognized role on water processes. Where they roughen surfaces, water residence time and thus infiltration can be greatly enhanced, whereas their ability to clog soil pores or cap the soil surface when wetted can greatly decrease infiltration rate, thus affecting evaporative losses. In this work, we compared evaporation in soils covered by physical crusts, biological crusts in different developmental stages and in the soils underlying the different biological crust types. Our results show that during the time of the highest evaporation (Day 1), there was no difference among any of the crust types or the soils underlying them. On Day 2, when soil moisture was moderately low (11%), evaporation was slightly higher in well-developed biological soil crusts than in physical or poorly developed biological soil crusts. However, crust removal did not cause significant changes in evaporation compared with the respective soil crust type. These results suggest that the small differences we observed in evaporation among crust types could be caused by differences in the properties of the soil underneath the biological crusts. At low soil moisture (<6%), there was no difference in evaporation among crust types or the underlying soils. Water loss for the complete evaporative cycle (from saturation to dry soil) was similar in both crusted and scraped soils. Therefore, we conclude that for the specific crust and soil types tested, the presence or the type of biological soil crust did not greatly modify evaporation with respect to physical crusts or scraped soils.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.8421","usgsCitation":"Chamizo, S., Canton, Y., Domingo, F., and Belnap, J., 2013, Evaporative losses from soils covered by physical and different types of biological soil crusts: Hydrological Processes, v. 27, no. 3, p. 324-332, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8421.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"324","endPage":"332","ipdsId":"IP-029706","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8421","text":"External Repository"},{"id":272222,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272221,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8421"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd588ae4b0b290850f828e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chamizo, S.","contributorId":49260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chamizo","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Canton, Y.","contributorId":99868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canton","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Domingo, F.","contributorId":91776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domingo","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043361,"text":"70043361 - 2013 - Estimating irrigation water demand using an improved method and optimizing reservoir operation for water supply and hydropower generation: a case study of the Xinfengjiang reservoir in southern China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T09:17:57","indexId":"70043361","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":680,"text":"Agricultural Water Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating irrigation water demand using an improved method and optimizing reservoir operation for water supply and hydropower generation: a case study of the Xinfengjiang reservoir in southern China","docAbstract":"The ever-increasing demand for water due to growth of population and socioeconomic development in the past several decades has posed a worldwide threat to water supply security and to the environmental health of rivers. This study aims to derive reservoir operating rules through establishing a multi-objective optimization model for the Xinfengjiang (XFJ) reservoir in the East River Basin in southern China to minimize water supply deficit and maximize hydropower generation. Additionally, to enhance the estimation of irrigation water demand from the downstream agricultural area of the XFJ reservoir, a conventional method for calculating crop water demand is improved using hydrological model simulation results. Although the optimal reservoir operating rules are derived for the XFJ reservoir with three priority scenarios (water supply only, hydropower generation only, and equal priority), the river environmental health is set as the basic demand no matter which scenario is adopted. The results show that the new rules derived under the three scenarios can improve the reservoir operation for both water supply and hydropower generation when comparing to the historical performance. Moreover, these alternative reservoir operating policies provide the flexibility for the reservoir authority to choose the most appropriate one. Although changing the current operating rules may influence its hydropower-oriented functions, the new rules can be significant to cope with the increasingly prominent water shortage and degradation in the aquatic environment. Overall, our results and methods (improved estimation of irrigation water demand and formulation of the reservoir optimization model) can be useful for local watershed managers and valuable for other researchers worldwide.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agricultural Water Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2012.10.016","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., and Chen, J., 2013, Estimating irrigation water demand using an improved method and optimizing reservoir operation for water supply and hydropower generation: a case study of the Xinfengjiang reservoir in southern China: Agricultural Water Management, v. 116, p. 110-121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.10.016.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"121","ipdsId":"IP-041608","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272200,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.10.016"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Xinfengjiang Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 114.3728,23.7144 ], [ 114.3728,24.1164 ], [ 114.7686,24.1164 ], [ 114.7686,23.7144 ], [ 114.3728,23.7144 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5804e4b0b290850f7d16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Yiping ywu@usgs.gov","contributorId":987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Yiping","email":"ywu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Ji","contributorId":101960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Ji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70044991,"text":"70044991 - 2013 - Estimating instream constituent loads using replicate synoptic sampling, Peru Creek, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:32:25","indexId":"70044991","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating instream constituent loads using replicate synoptic sampling, Peru Creek, Colorado","docAbstract":"The synoptic mass balance approach is often used to evaluate constituent mass loading in streams affected by mine drainage. Spatial profiles of constituent mass load are used to identify sources of contamination and prioritize sites for remedial action. This paper presents a field scale study in which replicate synoptic sampling campaigns are used to quantify the aggregate uncertainty in constituent load that arises from (1) laboratory analyses of constituent and tracer concentrations, (2) field sampling error, and (3) temporal variation in concentration from diel constituent cycles and/or source variation. Consideration of these factors represents an advance in the application of the synoptic mass balance approach by placing error bars on estimates of constituent load and by allowing all sources of uncertainty to be quantified in aggregate; previous applications of the approach have provided only point estimates of constituent load and considered only a subset of the possible errors. Given estimates of aggregate uncertainty, site specific data and expert judgement may be used to qualitatively assess the contributions of individual factors to uncertainty. This assessment can be used to guide the collection of additional data to reduce uncertainty. Further, error bars provided by the replicate approach can aid the investigator in the interpretation of spatial loading profiles and the subsequent identification of constituent source areas within the watershed.
The replicate sampling approach is applied to Peru Creek, a stream receiving acidic, metal-rich effluent from the Pennsylvania Mine. Other sources of acidity and metals within the study reach include a wetland area adjacent to the mine and tributary inflow from Cinnamon Gulch. Analysis of data collected under low-flow conditions indicates that concentrations of Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn in Peru Creek exceed aquatic life standards. Constituent loading within the study reach is dominated by effluent from the Pennsylvania Mine, with over 50% of the Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn loads attributable to a collapsed adit near the top of the study reach. These estimates of mass load may underestimate the effect of the Pennsylvania Mine as leakage from underground mine workings may contribute to metal loads that are currently attributed to the wetland area. This potential leakage confounds the evaluation of remedial options and additional research is needed to determine the magnitude and location of the leakage.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.02.031","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., Walton-Day, K., Kimball, B.A., Verplanck, P.L., and Nimick, D.A., 2013, Estimating instream constituent loads using replicate synoptic sampling, Peru Creek, Colorado: Journal of Hydrology, v. 489, p. 26-41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.02.031.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"41","ipdsId":"IP-044174","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272199,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Peru Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.8287239074707,\n 39.59451160220633\n ],\n [\n -105.8287239074707,\n 39.61144109709137\n ],\n [\n -105.80074310302734,\n 39.61144109709137\n ],\n [\n -105.80074310302734,\n 39.59451160220633\n ],\n [\n -105.8287239074707,\n 39.59451160220633\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"489","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5804e4b0b290850f7d13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":68339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70043750,"text":"70043750 - 2013 - Evapotranspiration and water balance of an anthropogenic coastal desert wetland: responses to fire, inflows and salinities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-23T10:05:21","indexId":"70043750","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evapotranspiration and water balance of an anthropogenic coastal desert wetland: responses to fire, inflows and salinities","docAbstract":"Evapotranspiration (ET) and other water balance components were estimated for Cienega de Santa Clara, an anthropogenic brackish wetland in the delta of the Colorado River in Mexico. The marsh is in the Biosphere Reserve of the Upper Gulf of California and Delta of the Colorado River, and supports a high abundance and diversity of wildlife. Over 95% of its water supply originates as agricultural drain water from the USA, sent for disposal in Mexico. This study was conducted from 2009 to 2011, before, during and after a trial run of the Yuma Desalting Plant in the USA, which will divert water from the wetland and replace it with brine from the desalting operation. The goal was to estimate the main components in the water budget to be used in creating management scenarios for this marsh. We used a remote sensing algorithm to estimate ET from meteorological data and Enhanced Vegetation Index values from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) sensors on the Terra satellite. ET estimates from the MODIS method were then compared to results from a mass balance of water and salt inflows and outflows over the study period. By both methods, mean annual ET estimates ranged from 2.6 to 3.0 mm d−1, or 50 to 60% of reference ET (ETo). Water entered at a mean salinity of 2.6 g L−1 TDS and mean salinity in the wetland was 3.73 g L−1 TDS over the 33 month study period. Over an annual cycle, 54% of inflows supported ET while the rest exited the marsh as outflows; however, in winter when ET was low, up to 90% of the inflows exited the marsh. An analysis of ET estimates over the years 2000–2011 showed that annual ET was proportional to the volume of inflows, but was also markedly stimulated by fires. Spring fires in 2006 and 2011 burned off accumulated thatch, resulting in vigorous growth of new leaves and a 30% increase in peak summer ET compared to non-fire years. Following fires, peak summer ET estimates were equal to ETo, while in non-fire years peak ET was equal to only one-half to two-thirds of ETo. Over annual cycles, estimated ET was always lower than ETo, because T. domingensis is dormant in winter and shades the water surface, reducing direct evaporation. Thus, ET of a Typha marsh is likely to be less than an open water surface under most conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.06.043","usgsCitation":"Glenn, E.P., Mexicano, L., Garcia-Hernandez, J., Nagler, P.L., Gomez-Sapiens, M.M., Tang, D., Lomeli, M.A., Ramírez-Hernández, J., and Zamora-Arroyo, F., 2013, Evapotranspiration and water balance of an anthropogenic coastal desert wetland: responses to fire, inflows and salinities: Ecological Engineering, v. 59, p. 176-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.06.043.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"176","endPage":"184","ipdsId":"IP-038206","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272223,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.06.043"}],"volume":"59","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5268efe3e4b0584cbe916856","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":19289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mexicano, Lourdes","contributorId":91773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mexicano","given":"Lourdes","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garcia-Hernandez, Jaqueline","contributorId":37627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia-Hernandez","given":"Jaqueline","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gomez-Sapiens, Martha M.","contributorId":58172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomez-Sapiens","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tang, Dawei","contributorId":17515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"Dawei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lomeli, Marcelo A.","contributorId":60523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lomeli","given":"Marcelo","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ramírez-Hernández, Jorge","contributorId":24264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramírez-Hernández","given":"Jorge","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zamora-Arroyo, Francisco","contributorId":75834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamora-Arroyo","given":"Francisco","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70044658,"text":"70044658 - 2013 - Expert assessment of vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T09:30:34","indexId":"70044658","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Expert assessment of vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change","docAbstract":"Approximately 1700 Pg of soil carbon (C) are stored in the northern circumpolar permafrost zone, more than twice as much C than in the atmosphere. The overall amount, rate, and form of C released to the atmosphere in a warmer world will influence the strength of the permafrost C feedback to climate change. We used a survey to quantify variability in the perception of the vulnerability of permafrost C to climate change. Experts were asked to provide quantitative estimates of permafrost change in response to four scenarios of warming. For the highest warming scenario (RCP 8.5), experts hypothesized that C release from permafrost zone soils could be 19–45 Pg C by 2040, 162–288 Pg C by 2100, and 381–616 Pg C by 2300 in CO2 equivalent using 100-year CH4 global warming potential (GWP). These values become 50 % larger using 20-year CH4 GWP, with a third to a half of expected climate forcing coming from CH4 even though CH4 was only 2.3 % of the expected C release. Experts projected that two-thirds of this release could be avoided under the lowest warming scenario (RCP 2.6). These results highlight the potential risk from permafrost thaw and serve to frame a hypothesis about the magnitude of this feedback to climate change. However, the level of emissions proposed here are unlikely to overshadow the impact of fossil fuel burning, which will continue to be the main source of C emissions and climate forcing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climatic Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-013-0730-7","usgsCitation":"Schuur, E., Abbott, B., Bowden, W., Brovkin, V., Camill, P., Canadell, J., Chanton, J., Chapin, F.S., Christensen, T., Ciais, P., Crosby, B., Czimczik, C., Grosse, G., Harden, J., Hayes, D., Hugelius, G., Jastrow, J., Jones, J.B., Kleinen, T., Koven, C., Krinner, G., Kuhry, P., Lawrence, D., McGuire, A., Natali, S.M., O'Donnell, J., Ping, C., Riley, W., Rinke, A., Romanovsky, V., Sannel, A.B., Schädel, C., Schaefer, K., Sky, J., Subin, Z., Tarnocai, C., Turetsky, M., Waldrop, M., Anthony, K., Wickland, K., Wilson, C.J., and Zimov, S., 2013, Expert assessment of vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change: Climatic Change, v. 119, no. 2, p. 359-374, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0730-7.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"374","ipdsId":"IP-037710","costCenters":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0730-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":272247,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272246,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0730-7"}],"volume":"119","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c02feae4b0ee1529ed3cd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuur, E.A.G.","contributorId":106679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuur","given":"E.A.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abbott, B.W.","contributorId":23416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowden, W.B.","contributorId":83237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowden","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brovkin, V.","contributorId":94188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brovkin","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Camill, P.","contributorId":78185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camill","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Canadell, J.G.","contributorId":67319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canadell","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chanton, J. 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P. 0000-0003-1829-7140","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":105104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"M. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38},{"text":"Anthony, K.M. Walter","contributorId":77443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"K.M. Walter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39},{"text":"Wickland, K.P. 0000-0002-6400-0590","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":10786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"K.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40},{"text":"Wilson, C. J.","contributorId":88242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":41},{"text":"Zimov, S.A.","contributorId":88115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimov","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":42}]}} ,{"id":70045677,"text":"70045677 - 2013 - Evaluation of a new model of aeolian transport in the presence of vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T11:05:21","indexId":"70045677","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of a new model of aeolian transport in the presence of vegetation","docAbstract":"Aeolian transport is an important characteristic of many arid and semiarid regions worldwide that affects dust emission and ecosystem processes. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a recent model of aeolian transport in the presence of vegetation. This approach differs from previous models by accounting for how vegetation affects the distribution of shear velocity on the surface rather than merely calculating the average effect of vegetation on surface shear velocity or simply using empirical relationships. Vegetation, soil, and meteorological data at 65 field sites with measurements of horizontal aeolian flux were collected from the Western United States. Measured fluxes were tested against modeled values to evaluate model performance, to obtain a set of optimum model parameters, and to estimate the uncertainty in these parameters. The same field data were used to model horizontal aeolian flux using three other schemes. Our results show that the model can predict horizontal aeolian flux with an approximate relative error of 2.1 and that further empirical corrections can reduce the approximate relative error to 1.0. The level of error is within what would be expected given uncertainties in threshold shear velocity and wind speed at our sites. The model outperforms the alternative schemes both in terms of approximate relative error and the number of sites at which threshold shear velocity was exceeded. These results lend support to an understanding of the physics of aeolian transport in which (1) vegetation's impact on transport is dependent upon the distribution of vegetation rather than merely its average lateral cover and (2) vegetation impacts surface shear stress locally by depressing it in the immediate lee of plants rather than by changing the bulk surface's threshold shear velocity. Our results also suggest that threshold shear velocity is exceeded more than might be estimated by single measurements of threshold shear stress and roughness length commonly associated with vegetated surfaces, highlighting the variation of threshold shear velocity with space and time in real landscapes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/jgrf.20040","usgsCitation":"Li, J., Okin, G.S., Herrick, J.E., Belnap, J., Miller, M.E., Vest, K., and Draut, A.E., 2013, Evaluation of a new model of aeolian transport in the presence of vegetation: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 118, no. 1, p. 288-306, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20040.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"288","endPage":"306","ipdsId":"IP-025701","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20040","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":272217,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272215,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20040"}],"volume":"118","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd584ee4b0b290850f802d","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/jgrf.20040","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20040","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Li Junran, Okin Gregory S., Herrick Jeffrey E., Belnap Jayne, Miller Mark E., Vest Kimberly, Draut Amy E.","journalName":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","publicationDate":"3/2013","auditedOn":"3/7/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Junran","contributorId":23418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Junran","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Okin, Gregory S.","contributorId":50025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okin","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herrick, Jeffrey E.","contributorId":26054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herrick","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12627,"text":"USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8003, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":478038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Mark E.","contributorId":91580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6959,"text":"National Park Service Southeast Utah Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":478041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vest, Kimberly","contributorId":83818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vest","given":"Kimberly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Draut, Amy E.","contributorId":92215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70045131,"text":"70045131 - 2013 - Field measurement of basal forces generated by erosive debris flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-29T09:25:19","indexId":"70045131","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field measurement of basal forces generated by erosive debris flows","docAbstract":"It has been proposed that debris flows cut bedrock valleys in steeplands worldwide, but field measurements needed to constrain mechanistic models of this process remain sparse due to the difficulty of instrumenting natural flows. Here we present and analyze measurements made using an automated sensor network, erosion bolts, and a 15.24 cm by 15.24 cm force plate installed in the bedrock channel floor of a steep catchment. These measurements allow us to quantify the distribution of basal forces from natural debris‒flow events that incised bedrock. Over the 4 year monitoring period, 11 debris‒flow events scoured the bedrock channel floor. No clear water flows were observed. Measurements of erosion bolts at the beginning and end of the study indicated that the bedrock channel floor was lowered by 36 to 64 mm. The basal force during these erosive debris‒flow events had a large‒magnitude (up to 21 kN, which was approximately 50 times larger than the concurrent time‒averaged mean force), high‒frequency (greater than 1 Hz) fluctuating component. We interpret these fluctuations as flow particles impacting the bed. The resulting variability in force magnitude increased linearly with the time‒averaged mean basal force. Probability density functions of basal normal forces were consistent with a generalized Pareto distribution, rather than the exponential distribution that is commonly found in experimental and simulated monodispersed granular flows and which has a lower probability of large forces. When the bed sediment thickness covering the force plate was greater than ~ 20 times the median bed sediment grain size, no significant fluctuations about the time‒averaged mean force were measured, indicating that a thin layer of sediment (~ 5 cm in the monitored cases) can effectively shield the subjacent bed from erosive impacts. Coarse‒grained granular surges and water‒rich, intersurge flow had very similar basal force distributions despite differences in appearance and bulk‒flow density. These results demonstrate that debris flows can have strong control on rates of steepland evolution and contribute to a foundation needed for modeling debris‒flow incision stochastically.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jgrf.20041","usgsCitation":"McCoy, S., Tucker, G., Kean, J., and Coe, J.A., 2013, Field measurement of basal forces generated by erosive debris flows: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 118, no. 2, p. 589-602, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20041.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"589","endPage":"602","ipdsId":"IP-041443","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20041","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":272278,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272277,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20041"}],"volume":"118","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f78ee6e4b02e26443a9378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCoy, S.W.","contributorId":74608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"S.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tucker, G.E.","contributorId":102992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"G.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kean, J. W. 0000-0003-3089-0369","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":71679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coe, J. A.","contributorId":8867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042681,"text":"70042681 - 2013 - Factors influencing storm-generated suspended-sediment concentrations and loads in four basins of contrasting land use, humid-tropical Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T15:28:37","indexId":"70042681","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1198,"text":"Catena","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing storm-generated suspended-sediment concentrations and loads in four basins of contrasting land use, humid-tropical Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"The significant characteristics controlling the variability in storm-generated suspended-sediment loads and concentrations were analyzed for four basins of differing land use (forest, pasture, cropland, and urbanizing) in humid-tropical Puerto Rico. Statistical analysis involved stepwise regression on factor scores. The explanatory variables were attributes of flow, hydrograph peaks, and rainfall, categorized into 5 flow periods: (1) the current storm hydrograph, (2) the flow and rainfall since the previous storm event, (3) the previous storm event, (4) 2nd previous storm event, and (5) the 3rd previous storm event. The response variables (storm generated sediment loads and concentrations) were analyzed for three portions of the storm hydrograph: (1) the entire storm, (2) the rising limb, and (3) the recessional limb. Hysteresis differences in sediment concentration between the rising and falling limb were also analyzed using these explanatory variables.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Catena","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.catena.2012.10.018","usgsCitation":"Gellis, A., 2013, Factors influencing storm-generated suspended-sediment concentrations and loads in four basins of contrasting land use, humid-tropical Puerto Rico: Catena, v. 104, p. 39-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2012.10.018.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"57","ipdsId":"IP-032072","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272267,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2012.10.018"}],"country":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -67.95,17.88 ], [ -67.95,18.52 ], [ -65.22,18.52 ], [ -65.22,17.88 ], [ -67.95,17.88 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd58ffe4b0b290850f872a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gellis, Allen C. 0000-0002-3449-2889 agellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-2889","contributorId":1709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellis","given":"Allen C.","email":"agellis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045817,"text":"70045817 - 2013 - Newly documented host fishes for the eastern elliptio mussel (Elliptio complanata)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-23T13:19:07.809685","indexId":"70045817","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Newly documented host fishes for the eastern elliptio mussel (Elliptio complanata)","title":"Newly documented host fishes for the eastern elliptio mussel (Elliptio complanata)","docAbstract":"The eastern elliptio Elliptio complanata is a common, abundant, and ecologically important freshwater mussel that occurs throughout the Atlantic Slope drainage in the United States and Canada. Previous research has shown E. complanata glochidia to be host fish generalists, parasitizing yellow perch Perca flavescens, banded killifish Fundulus diaphanus, banded sculpin Cottus carolinae, and seven centrarchid species. Past laboratory studies have been conducted in the Midwest; however, glochidia used in these studies were obtained from adult mussels in the Great Lakes or St. Lawrence River basins, or glochidia sources were not reported. The objective of this study was to identify host fishes for E. complanata from streams in the Mid-Atlantic region. We used artificial laboratory infections to test host suitability of 38 fish and 2 amphibian species with E. complanata glochidia from the Chesapeake Bay drainage. Glochidia successfully metamorphosed into juvenile mussels on five fish species: American eel Anguilla rostrata, brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, mottled sculpin Cottus bairdii, and slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus. American eel was the most effective host, yielding the highest overall metamorphosis success (percentage of attached glochidia that transformed into juvenile mussels; ≥0.90) and producing 13.2 juveniles per fish overall. No juvenile E. complanata metamorphosed on other fish or amphibian species tested, including many previously identified host fishes that appear in the literature. Reasons for discrepancies in published host fish could include geographic variation in host use across the species' range, differences in host use between lentic and lotic populations, or poorly resolved taxonomy within the genus Elliptio.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/102012-JFWM-094","usgsCitation":"Lellis, W.A., St. John White, B., Cole, J.C., Johnson, C.S., Devers, J.L., van Snik-Gray, E., and Galbraith, H.S., 2013, Newly documented host fishes for the eastern elliptio mussel (Elliptio complanata): Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 4, no. 1, p. 75-85, https://doi.org/10.3996/102012-JFWM-094.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"85","ipdsId":"IP-044908","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/102012-jfwm-094","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":272264,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c02ff3e4b0ee1529ed3d30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lellis, William A. 0000-0001-7806-2904 wlellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7806-2904","contributorId":2369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellis","given":"William","email":"wlellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"St. John White, Barbara 0000-0001-8131-0534 bwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8131-0534","contributorId":141183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"St. John White","given":"Barbara","email":"bwhite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, Jeffrey C. 0000-0002-2477-7231 jccole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2477-7231","contributorId":5585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jccole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Connie S.","contributorId":241063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Connie","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Devers, Julie L.","contributorId":218866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Devers","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"van Snik-Gray, Ellen","contributorId":241064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Snik-Gray","given":"Ellen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Galbraith, Heather S. 0000-0003-3704-3517 hgalbraith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3704-3517","contributorId":4519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galbraith","given":"Heather","email":"hgalbraith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70045952,"text":"fs20133018 - 2013 - Integrated synoptic surveys using an autonomous underwater vehicle and manned boats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T10:37:22","indexId":"fs20133018","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3018","title":"Integrated synoptic surveys using an autonomous underwater vehicle and manned boats","docAbstract":"Traditional surface-water surveys are being combined with autonomous technology to produce integrated surveys of bathymetry, water quality, and velocity in inland lakes and reservoirs. This new technology provides valuable, high-resolution, integrated data that allow a systems-based approach to understanding common environmental problems. This fact sheet presents several example applications of integrated surveys within inland lakes and coastal Lake Michigan and Lake Erie.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133018","usgsCitation":"Jackson, P., 2013, Integrated synoptic surveys using an autonomous underwater vehicle and manned boats: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3018, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133018.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272259,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133018.gif"},{"id":272258,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3018/pdf/FS2013-3018.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.91 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":272257,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3018/"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie, Lake Michigan","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd62b1e4b0b290850fe5ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, P. Ryan","contributorId":68571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"P. Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045516,"text":"70045516 - 2013 - Fat or lean: adjustment of endogenous energy stores to predictable and unpredictable changes in allostatic load","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T16:15:51","indexId":"70045516","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1711,"text":"Functional Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fat or lean: adjustment of endogenous energy stores to predictable and unpredictable changes in allostatic load","docAbstract":"1. The ability to store energy endogenously is an important ecological mechanism that allows animals to buffer predictable and unpredictable variation in allostatic load. The secretion of glucocorticoids, which reflects changes in allostatic load, is suggested to play a major role in the adjustment of endogenous stores to these varying conditions.\n2. Although crucially important, the relationship between allostatic load and energy stores remains largely unexplored. Two contrasting hypotheses describe how stores may be adjusted: animals may use low allostatic loads to increase stores to a maximum possible (‘fat and fit’), or they can attain a lean physique due to fitness advantages of a low body mass (‘lean and fit’).\n3. We compiled observational and experimental data available for a long-lived seabird to examine the relationship between glucocorticoids and stored energy at two life history stages (incubation and chick-rearing). Data were collected across multiple years and colonies in the North Pacific, thereby reflecting the wide range of environmental conditions birds' encounter in the marine environment. During experimental manipulations, allostatic load was minimized by supplementing food to free-living birds.\n4. We found that the relationship between allostatic load and energy stores was clearly curvilinear at both life history stages. Observational data suggested that energy stores remained relatively stable under low allostatic load and decreased under high loads. Experimental data showed that birds did not maximize energy stores under favourable conditions but maintained energy stores below a physiologically attainable level.\n5. Energy stores remained consistently lower during chick-rearing compared to incubation across the wide range of variations in allostatic load suggesting that stage-specific trade-offs limit the accumulation of energy during favourable environmental conditions. Secretion of glucocorticoids did not appear to mediate this shift in energy stores between the life history stages.\n6. Overall, results of this study support the ‘lean and fit’ hypothesis. We conclude that increased energy stores may not necessarily reflect better environmental conditions experienced by individuals or predict their higher fitness. A major advantage of adopting a lean physique when environmental conditions allow may be the avoidance of additional energetic costs for moving a heavy body. In breeding seabirds, this advantage may be more important during chick-rearing. In the focal species, the secretion of glucocorticoids might be involved in regulation of energy stores within a life history stage but does not appear to mediate an adaptive shift in energy stores between the incubating and chick-rearing stages of reproduction.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Functional Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.02058.x","usgsCitation":"Schultner, J., Kitaysky, A.S., Welcker, J., and Hatch, S., 2013, Fat or lean: adjustment of endogenous energy stores to predictable and unpredictable changes in allostatic load: Functional Ecology, v. 27, no. 1, p. 45-55, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.02058.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"55","ipdsId":"IP-042338","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/fat-or-lean-adjustment-of-endogenous-energy-stores-to-predictable","text":"External Repository"},{"id":272276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272275,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.02058.x"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd590de4b0b290850f87c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schultner, Jannik","contributorId":77028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultner","given":"Jannik","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kitaysky, Alexander S.","contributorId":13884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitaysky","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Welcker, Jorg","contributorId":25441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welcker","given":"Jorg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatch, Scott","contributorId":16268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}