Increased demand for corn (Zea mays L.) stover as a feedstock for cellulosic ethanol raises concerns about agricultural sustainability. Excessive corn stover harvesting could have long-term impacts on soil quality. We estimated current and future stover production and evaluated the potential harvestable stover amount (HSA) that could be used for biofuel feedstock in the United States by defining the minimum stover requirement (MSR) associated with the current soil organic carbon (SOC) content, tillage practices, and crop rotation systems. Here we show that the magnitude of the current HSA is limited (31 Tg y−1, dry matter) due to the high MSR for maintaining the current SOC content levels of soils that have a high carbon content. An alternative definition of MSR for soils with a moderate level of SOC content could significantly elevate the annual HSA to 68.7 Tg, or even to 132.2 Tg if the amount of currently applied manure is counted to partially offset the MSR. In the future, a greater potential for stover feedstock could come from an increase in stover yield, areal harvest index, and/or the total planted area. These results suggest that further field experiments on MSR should be designed to identify differences in MSR magnitude between maintaining SOC content and preventing soil erosion, and to understand the role of current SOC content level in determining MSR from soils with a wide range of carbon contents and climatic conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.09.022","usgsCitation":"Tan, Z., Liu, S., Tieszen, L.L., and Bliss, N., 2012, Current and potential sustainable corn stover feedstock for biofuel production in the United States: Biomass and Bioenergy, v. 47, p. 372-386, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.09.022.","startPage":"372","endPage":"386","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-032976","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269028,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.09.022"},{"id":269029,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51404e75e4b089809dbf4446","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tan, Zhengxi 0000-0002-4136-0921 ztan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4136-0921","contributorId":2945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Zhengxi","email":"ztan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shu-Guang sliu@usgs.gov","contributorId":984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shu-Guang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tieszen, Larry L. tieszen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"Larry","email":"tieszen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":473694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bliss, Norman 0000-0003-2409-5211","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":32485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"Norman","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043478,"text":"70043478 - 2012 - Short-term impacts of a 4-lane highway on black bears in eastern North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-05T21:38:23","indexId":"70043478","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3773,"text":"Wildlife Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term impacts of a 4-lane highway on black bears in eastern North Carolina","docAbstract":"Among numerous anthropogenic impacts on terrestrial landscapes, expanding transportation networks represent one of the primary challenges to wildlife conservation worldwide. Larger mammals may be particularly vulnerable because of typically low densities, low reproductive rates, and extensive movements. Although numerous studies have been conducted to document impacts of road networks on wildlife, inference has been limited because of experimental design limitations. During the last decade, the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) rerouted and upgraded sections of United States Highway 64 between Raleigh and the Outer Banks to a 4-lane, divided highway. A new route was selected for a 24.1-km section in Washington County. The new section of highway included 3 wildlife underpasses with adjacent wildlife fencing to mitigate the effects of the highway on wildlife, particularly American black bears (Ursus americanus). We assessed the short-term impacts of the new highway on spatial ecology, population size, survival, occupancy, and gene flow of black bears. We tested our research hypotheses using a before-after control-impact (BACI) study design. We collected data during 2000–2001 (preconstruction phase) and 2006–2007 (postconstruction phase) in the highway project area and a nearby control area (each approx. 11,000 ha), resulting in 4 groups of data (i.e., pre- or postconstruction study phase, treatment or control area). We captured and radiocollared 57 bears and collected 5,775 hourly locations and 4,998 daily locations. Using mixed-model analysis of variance and logistic regression, we detected no differences in home ranges, movement characteristics, proximity to the highway alignment, or habitat use between the 2 study phases, although minimum detectable effect sizes were large for several tests. However, after completion of the new highway, bears on the treatment area became less inactive in morning, when highway traffic was low, compared with bears on the control area (F1, 43 = 6.05, P = 0.018). We used DNA from hair samples to determine if population size and site occupancy decreased following highway construction. For each study phase, we collected black bear hair from 70 hair snares on each study area during 7 weekly sampling periods and generated genotypes using 10 microsatellite loci. We used the multilocus genotypes to obtain capture histories for 226 different bears and used capture-mark-recapture models to estimate population size. Model-averaged estimates of population size decreased on the treatment area from 87.7 bears before construction to 31.6 bears after construction (64% reduction) and on the control area from 163.6 bears to 108.2 bears (34% reduction). Permutation procedures indicated this reduction was proportionally greater for the treatment area (P = 0.086). We also applied a spatially explicit capture-recapture technique to test our research hypothesis. The model with the most support indicated a greater change in density on the treatment area (69% reduction) compared with the control area (24% reduction). We did not observe a treatment effect based on survival of radiocollared bears. We used bear visits to hair snares as detections in multi-season occupancy models and found that occupancy decreased more on the treatment area (preconstruction: Ψ = 0.84; postconstruction: Ψ = 0.44; 48% decline) than the control area (preconstruction: Ψ = 0.91; postconstruction: Ψ = 0.81; 11% decline), primarily as a function of a greater probability of site extinctions (ε) on the treatment area (ε = 0.57) than the control area (ε = 0.17). Finally, individual- and population-based analyses of contemporary gene flow did not indicate the highway was a barrier to movements. Black bear use of the 3 wildlife underpasses was infrequent (17 verified crossings based on remote cameras, track surveys, and telemetry). Only 4 of 8 bears with home ranges near the highway were documented crossing the highway (n = 36 crossings), of which 2 were killed in vehicle collisions. Six additional bears were killed in vehicle collisions from May 2007 to November 2008, after we completed field work. Harvest data indicated that hunting mortality alone could explain the population decline on the control area. On the treatment area, however, hunting mortality only accounted for an approximately 40% population decline; the additional 30% decline we observed likely was caused by other mortality. We speculate vehicle collisions were primarily responsible. We conclude that impacts of the new highway on resident black bears occurred at the population level, rather than the individual or genetic level, but that the impact was smaller than harvest mortality. Increased activity by remaining bears when traffic volumes were low indicated behavioral plasticity. Bear use of the underpasses seemed sufficient to maintain gene flow between areas north and south of the new highway. Effectiveness of wildlife underpasses to reduce mortality of black bears may be enhanced if mitigation includes continuous fencing between crossing structures. For small, isolated populations of threatened or endangered large mammals, the potential demographic impacts of highways are an essential consideration in the transportation planning process. Control of mortality factors and maintaining demographic connectivity are particularly important.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Monographs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/wmon.7","usgsCitation":"van Manen, F., McCollister, M.F., Nicholson, J.M., Thompson, L.M., Kindall, J.L., and Jones, M., 2012, Short-term impacts of a 4-lane highway on black bears in eastern North Carolina: Wildlife Monographs, v. 181, no. 1, p. 1-35, https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.7.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-026614","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wmon.7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":268816,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268815,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wmon.7"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42.0 ], [ -114.1,42.0 ], [ -114.1,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"181","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51372213e4b02ab8869c0036","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Manen, Frank T.","contributorId":51172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Manen","given":"Frank T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCollister, Matthew F.","contributorId":107161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCollister","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nicholson, Jeremy M.","contributorId":6343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Laura M. 0000-0002-7884-6001 lthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7884-6001","contributorId":5366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Laura","email":"lthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kindall, Jason L.","contributorId":99441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindall","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, Mark D.","contributorId":64119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Mark D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70043472,"text":"70043472 - 2012 - Description of two new gill myxozoans from smallmouth (Micropterus dolomieu) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-05T11:01:28","indexId":"70043472","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Description of two new gill myxozoans from smallmouth (Micropterus dolomieu) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","docAbstract":"Two previously undescribed species of myxozoan parasites were observed in the gills of bass inhabiting the Potomac and James River basins. They are described using morphological characteristics and small-subunit (SSU) rDNA gene sequences. Both were taxonomically identified as new species of Myxobolus; Myxobolus branchiarum n. sp. was found exclusively in smallmouth bass, and Myxobolus micropterii n. sp. was found in largemouth and smallmouth bass. Small, spherical, white plasmodia of M. branchiarum from smallmouth bass were observed grossly in the gills; these plasmodia had an average length of 320.3 µm and width of 246.1 µm. The development of the plasmodia is intralamellar in the secondary lamellae of the gills. Mature spores were pyriform in shape with a length of 12.8 ± 1.4 (8.1–15.1) µm and width of 6.9 ± 1.1 (4.0–9.0) µm. Analysis of SSU rDNA identified M. branchiarum in a sister-group to 3 species of Henneguya, although morphologically caudal appendages were absent. Myxobolus micropterii observed in the gills of largemouth and smallmouth bass had larger, ovoid, cream-colored plasmodia with an average length of 568.1 µm and width of 148.1 µm. The cysts developed at the distal end of the gill filament within the primary lamellae. The mature spores were ovoid in shape with a length of 10.8 ± 0.7 (9.2–12.2) µm and width of 10.6 ± 0.6 (9.0–11.8) µm. SSU rDNA analysis placed M. micropterii in a sister group with Henneguya lobosa and Myxobolus oliveirai. The highest prevalence of M. branchiarum was observed in the gills of bass collected from the Cowpasture River (50.9%). Prevalence was 44.6% in bass from the Potomac River and only 4.3% in bass collected from the Shenandoah River. A seasonal study of M. branchiarum, which included both infected and uninfected smallmouth bass, determined that a significantly higher intensity was observed in the spring than in the summer (P < 0.001) or fall (P = 0.004). In an analysis excluding uninfected bass, a higher intensity was observed in the spring than in the summer (P = 0.001) or fall (P = 0.008). Prevalence and seasonal differences were not determined for M. micropterii.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Parasitology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Parasitologists","publisherLocation":"http://amsocparasit.org/","doi":"10.1645/GE-2918.1","usgsCitation":"Walsh, H.L., Iwanowicz, L., Glenney, G.W., Iwanowicz, D., and Blazer, V., 2012, Description of two new gill myxozoans from smallmouth (Micropterus dolomieu) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): Journal of Parasitology, v. 98, no. 2, p. 415-422, https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-2918.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"422","ipdsId":"IP-030352","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268753,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268752,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-2918.1"}],"volume":"98","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"513721f7e4b02ab8869bffc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Heather L. 0000-0001-6392-4604 hwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6392-4604","contributorId":4696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Heather","email":"hwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R.","contributorId":11902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glenney, Gavin W.","contributorId":42108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenney","given":"Gavin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Deborah D.","contributorId":33599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Deborah D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70043449,"text":"70043449 - 2012 - Arsenic speciation in food chains from mid-Atlantic hydrothermal vents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-14T13:37:08","indexId":"70043449","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1529,"text":"Environmental Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic speciation in food chains from mid-Atlantic hydrothermal vents","docAbstract":"Arsenic concentration and speciation were determined in benthic fauna collected from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vents. The shrimp species, Rimicaris exoculata, the vent chimney-dwelling mussel, Bathymodiolus azoricus, Branchipolynoe seepensis, a commensal worm of B. azoricus and the gastropod Peltospira smaragdina showed variations in As concentration and in stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) signature between species, suggesting different sources of As uptake. Arsenic speciation showed arsenobetaine to be the dominant species in R. exoculata, whereas in B. azoricus and B. seepensis arsenosugars were most abundant, although arsenobetaine, dimethylarsinate and inorganic arsenic were also observed, along with several unidentified species. Scrape samples from outside the vent chimneys covered with microbial mat, which is a presumed food source for many vent organisms, contained high levels of total As, but organic species were not detectable. The formation of arsenosugars in pelagic environments is typically attributed to marine algae, and the pathway to arsenobetaine is still unknown. The occurrence of arsenosugars and arsenobetaine in these deep sea organisms, where primary production is chemolithoautotrophic and stable isotope analyses indicate food sources are of vent origin, suggests that organic arsenicals can occur in a foodweb without algae or other photosynthetic life.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO","publisherLocation":"Victoria, Australia","doi":"10.1071/EN11134","usgsCitation":"Taylor, V.F., Jackson, B.P., Siegfried, M.R., Navratilova, J., Francesconi, K., Kirshtein, J., and Voytek, M., 2012, Arsenic speciation in food chains from mid-Atlantic hydrothermal vents: Environmental Chemistry, v. 9, no. 2, p. 130-138, https://doi.org/10.1071/EN11134.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"138","ipdsId":"IP-036900","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3670190","text":"External Repository"},{"id":270879,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267317,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/EN11134"}],"otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.2,-83.0 ], [ -83.2,68.6 ], [ 20.0,68.6 ], [ 20.0,-83.0 ], [ -83.2,-83.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516bcfe9e4b0eae401aec233","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Vivien F.","contributorId":23042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Vivien","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, Brian P.","contributorId":70670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Siegfried, Matthew R.","contributorId":71853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegfried","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Navratilova, Jana","contributorId":29718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Navratilova","given":"Jana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Francesconi, Kevin A.","contributorId":25057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francesconi","given":"Kevin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kirshtein, Julie","contributorId":104371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirshtein","given":"Julie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Voytek, Mary","contributorId":13117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"Mary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70043288,"text":"70043288 - 2012 - Effects of future climate change, CO2 enrichment, and vegetation structure variation on hydrological processes in China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-18T13:12:41","indexId":"70043288","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1844,"text":"Global and Planetary Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of future climate change, CO2 enrichment, and vegetation structure variation on hydrological processes in China","docAbstract":"Investigating the relationship between factors (climate change, atmospheric CO2 concentrations enrichment, and vegetation structure) and hydrological processes is important for understanding and predicting the interaction between the hydrosphere and biosphere. The Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS) was used to evaluate the effects of climate change, rising CO2, and vegetation structure on hydrological processes in China at the end of the 21st century. Seven simulations were implemented using the assemblage of the IPCC climate and CO2 concentration scenarios, SRES A2 and SRES B1. Analysis results suggest that (1) climate change will have increasing effects on runoff, evapotranspiration (ET), transpiration (T), and transpiration ratio (transpiration/evapotranspiration, T/E) in most hydrological regions of China except in the southernmost regions; (2) elevated CO2 concentrations will have increasing effects on runoff at the national scale, but at the hydrological region scale, the physiology effects induced by elevated CO2 concentration will depend on the vegetation types, climate conditions, and geographical background information with noticeable decreasing effects shown in the arid Inland region of China; (3) leaf area index (LAI) compensation effect and stomatal closure effect are the dominant factors on runoff in the arid Inland region and southern moist hydrological regions, respectively; (4) the magnitudes of climate change (especially the changing precipitation pattern) effects on the water cycle are much larger than those of the elevated CO2 concentration effects; however, increasing CO2 concentration will be one of the most important modifiers to the water cycle; (5) the water resource condition will be improved in northern China but depressed in southernmost China under the IPCC climate change scenarios, SRES A2 and SRES B1.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global and Planetary Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.10.010","usgsCitation":"Zhu, Q., Jiang, H., Peng, C., Liu, J., Fang, X., Wei, X., Liu, S., and Zhou, G., 2012, Effects of future climate change, CO2 enrichment, and vegetation structure variation on hydrological processes in China: Global and Planetary Change, v. 80-81, p. 123-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.10.010.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"135","ipdsId":"IP-028970","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272145,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272144,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.10.010"}],"country":"China","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 73.5,18.2 ], [ 73.5,53.6 ], [ 134.8,53.6 ], [ 134.8,18.2 ], [ 73.5,18.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"80-81","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518cc565e4b05ebc8f7cc129","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhu, Qiuan","contributorId":85065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Qiuan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jiang, Hong","contributorId":33200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"Hong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peng, Changhui","contributorId":8357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"Changhui","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, Jinxun 0000-0003-0561-8988 jxliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0561-8988","contributorId":3414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Jinxun","email":"jxliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fang, Xiuqin","contributorId":96566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fang","given":"Xiuqin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wei, Xiaohua","contributorId":106775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"Xiaohua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liu, Shirong","contributorId":54484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shirong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zhou, Guomo","contributorId":85861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"Guomo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70043291,"text":"70043291 - 2012 - Estimating aboveground biomass in interior Alaska with Landsat data and field measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T08:49:48","indexId":"70043291","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2027,"text":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating aboveground biomass in interior Alaska with Landsat data and field measurements","docAbstract":"Terrestrial plant biomass is a key biophysical parameter required for understanding ecological systems in Alaska. An accurate estimation of biomass at a regional scale provides an important data input for ecological modeling in this region. In this study, we created an aboveground biomass (AGB) map at 30-m resolution for the Yukon Flats ecoregion of interior Alaska using Landsat data and field measurements. Tree, shrub, and herbaceous AGB data in both live and dead forms were collected in summers and autumns of 2009 and 2010. Using the Landsat-derived spectral variables and the field AGB data, we generated a regression model and applied this model to map AGB for the ecoregion. A 3-fold cross-validation indicated that the AGB estimates had a mean absolute error of 21.8 Mg/ha and a mean bias error of 5.2 Mg/ha. Additionally, we validated the mapping results using an airborne lidar dataset acquired for a portion of the ecoregion. We found a significant relationship between the lidar-derived canopy height and the Landsat-derived AGB (R2 = 0.40). The AGB map showed that 90% of the ecoregion had AGB values ranging from 10 Mg/ha to 134 Mg/ha. Vegetation types and fires were the primary factors controlling the spatial AGB patterns in this ecoregion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jag.2012.03.019","usgsCitation":"Ji, L., Wylie, B.K., Nossov, D.R., Peterson, B.E., Waldrop, M.P., McFarland, J.W., Rover, J.R., and Hollingsworth, T.N., 2012, Estimating aboveground biomass in interior Alaska with Landsat data and field measurements: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, v. 18, p. 451-461, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2012.03.019.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"461","ipdsId":"IP-028810","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272197,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272196,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2012.03.019"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd57f6e4b0b290850f7cba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ji, Lei 0000-0002-6133-1036 lji@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-1036","contributorId":2832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"Lei","email":"lji@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nossov, Dana R.","contributorId":75833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nossov","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, Birgit E. 0000-0002-4356-1540 bpeterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4356-1540","contributorId":3599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Birgit","email":"bpeterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waldrop, Mark P. 0000-0003-1829-7140 mwaldrop@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":1599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"Mark","email":"mwaldrop@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McFarland, Jack W. 0000-0001-9672-8597 jmcfarland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9672-8597","contributorId":5238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"Jack","email":"jmcfarland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rover, Jennifer R. 0000-0002-3437-4030 jrover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3437-4030","contributorId":2941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rover","given":"Jennifer","email":"jrover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hollingsworth, Teresa N.","contributorId":19016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollingsworth","given":"Teresa","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70043437,"text":"70043437 - 2012 - Evaluation of nature-like and technical fishways for the passage of alewives at two coastal streams in New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-28T18:02:20.761588","indexId":"70043437","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of nature-like and technical fishways for the passage of alewives at two coastal streams in New England","docAbstract":"Nature-like fishways have been designed with the intent to reconnect river corridors and provide passage for all species occurring in a system. The approach is gaining popularity both in Europe and North America, but performance of these designs has not been quantitatively evaluated in a field setting for any North American species. Two nature-like fishways and three technical fishways in New England were evaluated for passage of anadromous adult alewives Alosa pseudoharengus by using passive integrated transponder (PIT) telemetry. A perturbation boulder rock ramp (32 m long; 4.2% slope) constructed in Town Brook (Plymouth, Massachusetts) passed 94% of the fish that made passage attempts, with most fish ascending the ramp in less than 22 min. In the East River (Guilford, Connecticut), a step-pool bypass design (48 m long; 7.1% slope) passed only 40% of attempting fish, with a median transit time of 75 min. In Town Brook, a technical pool-and-weir fishway (14 m long; 14.3% slope) exhibited poor entry and poor passage for the fish. In contrast, in the East River, two technical steeppass fishways (3 m long; 29.6% and 9.6% slopes) passed the majority of available fish, although one of these steeppass fishways may have lacked sufficient flow to attract fish to the entrance. In both Town Brook and the East River, tagged fish passed rapidly downstream through all fishways after spawning. In the East River, the amount of time fish spent in the spawning habitat before migrating downstream ranged from 1 to 41 d. These studies demonstrate that some nature-like and technical fishway designs can effectively facilitate passage of alewives, but a fishway's location in relation to a spillway is important, and further evaluations are required to more precisely identify the influence of the vertical drop per pool and the specific local hydraulics on alewife behaviors and passage performance.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2012.683469","usgsCitation":"Franklin, A.E., Haro, A., Castro-Santos, T.R., and Noreika, J., 2012, Evaluation of nature-like and technical fishways for the passage of alewives at two coastal streams in New England: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 141, no. 3, p. 624-637, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.683469.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"624","endPage":"637","ipdsId":"IP-014329","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"New England","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.73,40.95 ], [ -73.73,47.46 ], [ -66.89,47.46 ], [ -66.89,40.95 ], [ -73.73,40.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"141","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c59e33e4b0c89b8f120e2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franklin, Abigail E.","contributorId":46864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"Abigail","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haro, Alex 0000-0002-7188-9172","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-9172","contributorId":37223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"Alex","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castro-Santos, Theodore R. 0000-0003-2575-9120 tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":3321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"Theodore","email":"tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noreika, John","contributorId":27774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noreika","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043301,"text":"70043301 - 2012 - Food security in a changing climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-24T10:43:53","indexId":"70043301","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3427,"text":"Solutions Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food security in a changing climate","docAbstract":"By 2080 the effects of climate change—on heat waves, floods, sea level rise, and drought—could push an additional 600 million people into malnutrition and increase the number of people facing water scarcity by 1.8 billion. The precise impacts will, however, strongly depend on socioeconomic conditions such as local markets and food import dependence. In the near term, two factors are also changing the nature of food security: (1) rapid urbanization, with the proportion of the global population living in urban areas expanding from 13 percent in 1975 to greater than 50 percent at present, and (2) trade and domestic market liberalization since 1993, which has promoted removal of import controls, deregulation of prices, and the loss of preferential markets for many small economies.\n\nOver the last two years, the worst drought in decades has devastated eastern Africa. The resulting food-security crisis has affected roughly 13 million people and has reminded us that there is still a long way to go in addressing current climate-related risks. In the face of such profound changes and uncertainties, our approaches to food security must evolve. In this article, we describe four key elements that, in our view, will be essential to the success of efforts to address the linked challenges of food security and climate change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Solutions Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Solutions","usgsCitation":"Pulwarty, R., Eilerts, G., and Verdin, J., 2012, Food security in a changing climate: Solutions Journal, v. 3, no. 1, p. 31-34.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"34","ipdsId":"IP-037246","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272781,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272780,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.thesolutionsjournal.com/node/1054"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a08be0e4b0e4245580656e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pulwarty, Roger","contributorId":28149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pulwarty","given":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eilerts, Gary","contributorId":31101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eilerts","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdin, James 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":99647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045089,"text":"70045089 - 2012 - Earthquake ground motion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T16:48:21.799866","indexId":"70045089","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"Earthquake ground motion","docAbstract":"Most of the effort in seismic design of buildings and other structures is focused on structural design. This chapter addresses another key aspect of the design process—characterization of earthquake ground motion. Section 3.1 describes the basis of the earthquake ground motion maps in the Provisions and in ASCE 7. Section 3.2 has examples for the determination of ground motion parameters and spectra for use in design. Section 3.3 discusses and provides an example for the selection and scaling of ground motion records for use in response history analysis.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"2009 NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions: Design Examples (FEMA P-751)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"FEMA","usgsCitation":"Luco, N., Valley, M., and Crouse, C., 2012, Earthquake ground motion, chap. 3 of 2009 NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions: Design Examples (FEMA P-751), p. 3-1-3-28.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"3-1","endPage":"3-28","ipdsId":"IP-034230","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274345,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":411072,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wbdg.org/ffc/dhs/criteria/fema-p-751","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d2a4e8e4b0ca1848338a3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luco, Nicolas 0000-0002-5763-9847 nluco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":1188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nicolas","email":"nluco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valley, Michael","contributorId":48464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valley","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crouse, C.B.","contributorId":76012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crouse","given":"C.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70043331,"text":"70043331 - 2012 - A graphical method to evaluate predominant geochemical processes occurring in groundwater systems for radiocarbon dating","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:12:07","indexId":"70043331","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A graphical method to evaluate predominant geochemical processes occurring in groundwater systems for radiocarbon dating","docAbstract":"A graphical method is described for identifying geochemical reactions needed in the interpretation of radiocarbon age in groundwater systems. Graphs are constructed by plotting the measured 14C, δ13C, and concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon and are interpreted according to specific criteria to recognize water samples that are consistent with a wide range of processes, including geochemical reactions, carbon isotopic exchange, 14C decay, and mixing of waters. The graphs are used to provide a qualitative estimate of radiocarbon age, to deduce the hydrochemical complexity of a groundwater system, and to compare samples from different groundwater systems. Graphs of chemical and isotopic data from a series of previously-published groundwater studies are used to demonstrate the utility of the approach. Ultimately, the information derived from the graphs is used to improve geochemical models for adjustment of radiocarbon ages in groundwater systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elseveir","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.05.004","usgsCitation":"Han, L., Plummer, N., and Aggarwal, P., 2012, A graphical method to evaluate predominant geochemical processes occurring in groundwater systems for radiocarbon dating: Chemical Geology, v. 318-319, p. 88-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.05.004.","productDescription":"25","startPage":"88","endPage":"112","ipdsId":"IP-037844","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268418,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268417,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.05.004"}],"volume":"318-319","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd49e7e4b0b290850ef736","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Han, Liang-Feng","contributorId":101537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"Liang-Feng","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aggarwal, Pradeep","contributorId":66143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aggarwal","given":"Pradeep","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042062,"text":"70042062 - 2012 - Mapping critical loads of nitrogen deposition for aquatic ecosystems in the Rocky Mountains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-21T13:47:38","indexId":"70042062","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping critical loads of nitrogen deposition for aquatic ecosystems in the Rocky Mountains, USA","docAbstract":"Spatially explicit estimates of critical loads of nitrogen (N) deposition (CLNdep) for nutrient enrichment in aquatic ecosystems were developed for the Rocky Mountains, USA, using a geostatistical approach. The lowest CLNdep estimates (<1.5 ± 1 kg N ha−1 yr−1) occurred in high-elevation basins with steep slopes, sparse vegetation, and abundance of exposed bedrock and talus. These areas often correspond with areas of high N deposition (>3 kg N ha−1 yr−1), resulting in CLNdep exceedances ≥1.5 ± 1 kg N ha−1 yr−1. CLNdep and CLNdep exceedances exhibit substantial spatial variability related to basin characteristics and are highly sensitive to the NO3− threshold at which ecological effects are thought to occur. Based on an NO3− threshold of 0.5 μmol L−1, N deposition exceeds CLNdep in 21 ± 8% of the study area; thus, broad areas of the Rocky Mountains may be impacted by excess N deposition, with greatest impacts at high elevations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2012.03.019","usgsCitation":"Nanus, L., Clow, D.W., Saros, J.E., Stephens, V.C., and Campbell, D.H., 2012, Mapping critical loads of nitrogen deposition for aquatic ecosystems in the Rocky Mountains, USA: Environmental Pollution, v. 166, p. 125-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.03.019.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"135","ipdsId":"IP-002822","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274065,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274064,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.03.019"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.5,29.1 ], [ -127.5,49.0 ], [ -102.4,49.0 ], [ -102.4,29.1 ], [ -127.5,29.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"166","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c59e35e4b0c89b8f120e54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nanus, Leora","contributorId":27930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanus","given":"Leora","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saros, Jasmine E.","contributorId":29958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saros","given":"Jasmine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stephens, Verlin C.","contributorId":34479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Verlin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":470705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70157077,"text":"70157077 - 2012 - Automated measurement of diatom size","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-08T13:39:56","indexId":"70157077","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2622,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Automated measurement of diatom size","docAbstract":"Size analysis of diatom populations has not been widely considered, but it is a potentially powerful tool for understanding diatom life histories, population dynamics, and phylogenetic relationships. However, measuring cell dimensions on a light microscope is a time-consuming process. An alternative technique has been developed using digital flow cytometry on a FlowCAM® (Fluid Imaging Technologies) to capture hundreds, or even thousands, of images of a chosen taxon from a single sample in a matter of minutes. Up to 30 morphological measures may be quantified through post-processing of the high resolution images. We evaluated FlowCAM size measurements, comparing them against measurements from a light microscope. We found good agreement between measurement of apical cell length in species with elongated, straight valves, including small Achnanthidium minutissimum (11-21 µm) and largeDidymosphenia geminata (87–137 µm) forms. However, a taxon with curved cells, Hannaea baicalensis (37–96 µm), showed differences of ~ 4 µm between the two methods. Discrepancies appear to be influenced by the choice of feret or geodesic measurement for asymmetric cells. We describe the operating conditions necessary for analysis of size distributions and present suggestions for optimal instrument conditions for size analysis of diatom samples using the FlowCAM. The increased speed of data acquisition through use of imaging flow cytometers like the FlowCAM is an essential step for advancing studies of diatom populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lom.2012.10.882","usgsCitation":"Spaulding, S.A., Jewson, D.H., Bixby, R.J., Nelson, H., and McKnight, D.M., 2012, Automated measurement of diatom size: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, v. 10, p. 882-890, https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2012.10.882.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"882","endPage":"890","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036991","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2012.10.882","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f006a8e4b0dacf699e9fed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spaulding, Sarah A. 0000-0002-9787-7743 sspaulding@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9787-7743","contributorId":1157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"Sarah","email":"sspaulding@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jewson, David H.","contributorId":147390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jewson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":16835,"text":"Freshwater Laboratory, University of Ulster, United Kingdom","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bixby, Rebecca J.","contributorId":147389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bixby","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16834,"text":"Dept. of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, Univ of NM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Nelson, Harry","contributorId":147391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Harry","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16836,"text":"Fluid Imaging Technologies, Inc., Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70154905,"text":"70154905 - 2012 - Response by anglers to a differential harvest regulation on three black bass species at Skiatook Lake, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T09:45:21","indexId":"70154905","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3894,"text":"Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response by anglers to a differential harvest regulation on three black bass species at Skiatook Lake, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"Angler responses to a differential harvest regulation on black bass, Micropterus spp. at Skiatook Lake, Oklahoma was assessed from 1997 to 1999. This regulation allowed anglers to harvest 15 spotted bass, M. punctulatus (Rafinesque) of any size and six largemouth bass, M. salmoides (Lacepède) and smallmouth bass, M. dolomieu Lacepède greater than 356 mm (in aggregate) per day. Anglers’ ability to differentiate spotted bass increased after the first year of the study, but their willingness to target or harvest spotted bass declined. Mean angler catch rates (number of fish per angling hour) for all three species remained steady throughout the study. Total harvest of largemouth bass and smallmouth bass was reduced by 1999 while total harvest of spotted bass remained steady throughout the study period. Despite the more liberal regulations as incentive, the regulation failed to accomplish the primary objective of increasing angler harvest of spotted bass because of high rates of voluntary catch and release.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oklahoma Academy of Science","publisherLocation":"Edmond, OK","usgsCitation":"Long, J.M., Hyler, R.G., and Fisher, W.L., 2012, Response by anglers to a differential harvest regulation on three black bass species at Skiatook Lake, Oklahoma: Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, v. 92, p. 9-20.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1997-01-01","temporalEnd":"1999-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-023150","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":306205,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ojs.library.okstate.edu/osu/index.php/OAS/issue/view/341"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Skiatook Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.21688842773438,\n 36.45884507478879\n ],\n [\n -96.06857299804688,\n 36.35329209802049\n ],\n [\n -96.12556457519531,\n 36.28136778049704\n ],\n [\n -96.207275390625,\n 36.3488679027316\n ],\n [\n -96.27525329589844,\n 36.34001875793732\n ],\n [\n -96.29035949707031,\n 36.39586212000637\n ],\n [\n -96.21688842773438,\n 36.45884507478879\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92d3e4b05d6c4e501acb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hyler, Randy G.","contributorId":146208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hyler","given":"Randy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, William L. wfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":1229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"William","email":"wfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":566616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187522,"text":"70187522 - 2012 - Interactive terrain visualization enables virtual field work during rapid scientific response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T16:19:52","indexId":"70187522","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactive terrain visualization enables virtual field work during rapid scientific response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake","docAbstract":"The moment magnitude (Mw) 7.0 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake is the first major earthquake for which a large-footprint LiDAR (light detection and ranging) survey was acquired within several weeks of the event. Here, we describe the use of virtual reality data visualization to analyze massive amounts (67 GB on disk) of multiresolution terrain data during the rapid scientific response to a major natural disaster. In particular, we describe a method for conducting virtual field work using both desktop computers and a 4-sided, 22 m3 CAVE immersive virtual reality environment, along with KeckCAVES (Keck Center for Active Visualization in the Earth Sciences) software tools LiDAR Viewer, to analyze LiDAR point-cloud data, and Crusta, for 2.5 dimensional surficial geologic mapping on a bare-earth digital elevation model. This system enabled virtual field work that yielded remote observations of the topographic expression of active faulting within an ∼75-km-long section of the eastern Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault spanning the 2010 epicenter. Virtual field observations indicated that the geomorphic evidence of active faulting and ancient surface rupture varies along strike. Landform offsets of 6–50 m along the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault east of the 2010 epicenter and closest to Port-au-Prince attest to repeated recent surface-rupturing earthquakes there. In the west, the fault trace is well defined by displaced landforms, but it is not as clear as in the east. The 2010 epicenter is within a transition zone between these sections that extends from Grand Goâve in the west to Fayette in the east. Within this transition, between L'Acul (lat 72°40′W) and the Rouillone River (lat 72°35′W), the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault is undefined along an embayed low-relief range front, with little evidence of recent surface rupture. Based on the geometry of the eastern and western faults that show evidence of recent surface rupture, we propose that the 2010 event occurred within a stepover that appears to have served as a long-lived boundary between rupture segments, explaining the lack of 2010 surface rupture. This study demonstrates how virtual reality–based data visualization has the potential to transform rapid scientific response by enabling virtual field studies and real-time interactive analysis of massive terrain data sets.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES00687.1","usgsCitation":"Cowgill, E., Bernardin, T.S., Oskin, M.E., Bowles, C., Yikilmaz, M.B., Kreylos, O., Elliott, A., Bishop, S., Gold, R.D., Morelan, A., Bawden, G.W., Hamann, B., and Kellogg, L., 2012, Interactive terrain visualization enables virtual field work during rapid scientific response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake: Geosphere, v. 8, no. 4, p. 787-804, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00687.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"787","endPage":"804","ipdsId":"IP-022203","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00687.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183b8e4b0e541a03c1a7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowgill, Eric","contributorId":16290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowgill","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernardin, Tony S.","contributorId":191807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernardin","given":"Tony","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oskin, Michael E.","contributorId":191806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oskin","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowles, Christopher","contributorId":191803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowles","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yikilmaz, M. Burak","contributorId":191805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yikilmaz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Burak","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kreylos, Oliver","contributorId":98189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreylos","given":"Oliver","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Elliott, Austin J.","contributorId":191820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elliott","given":"Austin J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bishop, Scott","contributorId":191821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishop","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gold, Ryan D. 0000-0002-4464-6394 rgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-6394","contributorId":3883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gold","given":"Ryan","email":"rgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Morelan, Alexander","contributorId":173909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morelan","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bawden, Gerald W. gbawden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"Gerald","email":"gbawden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hamann, Bernd","contributorId":191822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamann","given":"Bernd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kellogg, Louise","contributorId":191823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Louise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70146240,"text":"70146240 - 2012 - Chapter two: Phenomenology of tsunamis II: Scaling, event statistics, and inter-event triggering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-03T15:29:53.984353","indexId":"70146240","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3887,"text":"Advances in Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chapter two: Phenomenology of tsunamis II: Scaling, event statistics, and inter-event triggering","docAbstract":"Observations related to tsunami catalogs are reviewed and described in a phenomenological framework. An examination of scaling relationships between earthquake size (as expressed by scalar seismic moment and mean slip) and tsunami size (as expressed by mean and maximum local run-up and maximum far-field amplitude) indicates that scaling is significant at the 95% confidence level, although there is uncertainty in how well earthquake size can predict tsunami size (R2 ~ 0.4-0.6). In examining tsunami event statistics, current methods used to estimate the size distribution of earthquakes and landslides and the inter-event time distribution of earthquakes are first reviewed. These methods are adapted to estimate the size and inter-event distribution of tsunamis at a particular recording station. Using a modified Pareto size distribution, the best-fit power-law exponents of tsunamis recorded at nine Pacific tide-gauge stations exhibit marked variation, in contrast to the approximately constant power-law exponent for inter-plate thrust earthquakes. With regard to the inter-event time distribution, significant temporal clustering of tsunami sources is demonstrated. For tsunami sources occurring in close proximity to other sources in both space and time, a physical triggering mechanism, such as static stress transfer, is a likely cause for the anomalous clustering. Mechanisms of earthquake-to-earthquake and earthquake-to-landslide triggering are reviewed. Finally, a modification of statistical branching models developed for earthquake triggering is introduced to describe triggering among tsunami sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-380938-4.00002-1","usgsCitation":"Geist, E.L., 2012, Chapter two: Phenomenology of tsunamis II: Scaling, event statistics, and inter-event triggering: Advances in Geophysics, v. 53, p. 35-92, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-380938-4.00002-1.","productDescription":"58 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029022","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92b1e4b05d6c4e501a5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70003596,"text":"70003596 - 2012 - Estimating and predicting collection probability of fish at dams using multistate modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-10T08:56:00","indexId":"70003596","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating and predicting collection probability of fish at dams using multistate modeling","docAbstract":"Dams can be equipped with a bypass that routes a portion of the fish that enter the turbine intakes away\nfrom the powerhouse into flumes, where they can be counted. Daily passage abundance can be estimated by dividing\nthe number of fish counted in the bypass by the sampling rate and then dividing the resulting quotient by\nthe collection probability (i.e., the proportion of the fish population passing the dam that is bypassed). We used\nmultistate mark–recapture modeling to evaluate six candidate models for predicting the collection probabilities of\nradio-tagged subyearling fall Chinook salmon (n = 3,852) as a function of 1–2-d time periods (general model), four\ndifferent combinations of outflow (i.e., the total volume of water passing the dam) and turbine allocation (i.e., the\nproportion of outflow directed through the turbines), and a null (intercept only) model. The best-fit model was\nthe additive combination of turbine allocation and outflow, which explained 71% of the null deviance. Cross validation\nof the best-fit model accounted for the variation that may arise from different data sets and the ensuing\nparameter values on the collection probability estimates and yielded a standard error of 0.613 that can be used to\nconstruct approximate 95% prediction intervals in nonstudy years. Such estimates have been unavailable and will\nbe useful anywhere estimates of daily passage abundance at dams with bypasses are needed to manage migratory\nfishes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2012.694828","usgsCitation":"Plumb, J.M., Connor, W.P., Tiffan, K.F., Moffitt, C.M., Perry, R.W., and Adams, N.S., 2012, Estimating and predicting collection probability of fish at dams using multistate modeling: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 141, no. 5, p. 1364-1373, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.694828.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1364","endPage":"1373","ipdsId":"IP-028831","costCenters":[{"id":342,"text":"Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273464,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273463,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.694828"}],"volume":"141","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6f566e4b0097a7158e5aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumb, John M. 0000-0003-4255-1612 jplumb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-1612","contributorId":3569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"John","email":"jplumb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connor, William P.","contributorId":107589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connor","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16677,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Idaho Fishery Resource Office, 276 Dworshak Complex Drive, Orofino, ID 83544","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":347882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tiffan, Kenneth F. 0000-0002-5831-2846 ktiffan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-2846","contributorId":3200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktiffan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moffitt, Christine M. 0000-0001-6020-9728 cmoffitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6020-9728","contributorId":2583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffitt","given":"Christine","email":"cmoffitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70003700,"text":"70003700 - 2012 - Evidence of cryptic individual specialization in an opportunistic insectivorous bat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-10T16:34:02","indexId":"70003700","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of cryptic individual specialization in an opportunistic insectivorous bat","docAbstract":"Habitat use and feeding behaviors of cryptic animals are often poorly understood. Analyses of stable isotope ratios in animal body tissues can help reveal an individual's location and resource use during tissue growth. We investigated variation in stable isotope ratios of 4 elements (H, C, N, and S) in the hair of a sedentary species of insectivorous bat (Eptesicus fuscus) inhabiting a chemically complex urban landscape. Our objective was to quantify population-level isotopic variation and test for evidence of resource specialization by individuals. Bats were sampled over 3 annual molt cycles at maternity roosts in buildings and variance components analysis was used to test whether intraindividual isotopic variation among molts differed from interindividual variation, after controlling for year and roost-group effects. Consistent with prior evidence that E. fuscus is opportunistic in its habitat use and foraging at the population level, we observed wide population-level variation for all isotopes. This variation likely reflects the chemical complexity of the urban landscape studied. However, isotopic variation among years within marked individuals was lower than variation among marked individuals within year for all isotopes, and carbon signatures indicated resource specialization by roost groups and individuals. This is the 1st study to examine variation in stable isotope ratios of individual wild bats over multiple years. Although our results suggest this population tends toward opportunistic habitat use or prey selection, or both, during molt periods, results also indicate that individuals and groups of bats composing the population might be habitat or dietary specialists—a novel finding for insectivorous bats.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/11-MAMM-S-162.1","usgsCitation":"Cryan, P., Stricker, C.A., and Wunder, M.B., 2012, Evidence of cryptic individual specialization in an opportunistic insectivorous bat: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 93, no. 2, p. 381-389, https://doi.org/10.1644/11-MAMM-S-162.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"389","ipdsId":"IP-028036","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/11-mamm-s-162.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273574,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273573,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/11-MAMM-S-162.1"}],"volume":"93","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6f567e4b0097a7158e5b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":99685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wunder, Michael B.","contributorId":88594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wunder","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003678,"text":"70003678 - 2012 - How to overcome inter-electrode variability and instability to quantify dissolved oxygen, Fe(II), mn(II), and S(−II) in undisturbed soils and sediments using voltammetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-21T10:57:22","indexId":"70003678","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1755,"text":"Geochemical Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How to overcome inter-electrode variability and instability to quantify dissolved oxygen, Fe(II), mn(II), and S(−II) in undisturbed soils and sediments using voltammetry","docAbstract":"Background -\n\nAlthough uniquely capable of measuring multiple redox constituents nearly simultaneously with no or minimal sample pretreatment, voltammetry is currently underutilized in characterizing redox conditions in aquatic and terrestrial systems. Investigation of undisturbed media such as pore water requires a solid-state electrode, and such electrodes can be difficult to fabricate reproducibly. An approach to determine the concentrations of electroactive constituents using indirectly calibrated electrodes has been developed, but the protocol for and accuracy of this approach—the pilot ion method—has not been documented in detail.\nResults - \n\nA detailed procedure for testing electrode quality is provided, and the application and limitations of the pilot ion method have been documented. To quantify Fe(II) and Mn(II), subtraction of non-linear baseline functions from voltammetric signals produced better calibration curves than did linear baselines, enabled lower detection limits and reliable deconvolution of overlapping signals, and was successfully applied to sediment pore water signals. We observed that electrode sensitivities often vary by tens of percent, and that the sensitivity declines over time. The ratio of calibration slopes of Mn(II) to Fe(II) varied by no more than 11% from one Hg/Au electrode to another and Fe(II) concentrations predicted by the Mn(II) pilot ion were, on average, 13% different from their actual values. However, concentration predictions by the pilot ion method were worse for less than 15 μM Fe(II) (46% different on average). The ratio of calibration slopes of Mn(II) to S(−II) varied by almost 20% from one Hg/Au electrode to another, and S(−II) predicted concentrations were as much as 58% different from their actual values. These predictions of Fe(II) and S(−II) concentrations indicate that the accuracy of the pilot ion method depends on how independent calibration slope ratios are from the electrode used. At medium-to-high concentration for the ocean, naturally derived dissolved organic carbon did not significantly affect the baseline-corrected electrode response of Mn(II) and Fe(II), but did significantly affect the response of S(−II).\nConclusions -\n\nDespite their intrinsic variability, Hg/Au electrodes fabricated by hand can be used to quantify O2, S(−II), Fe(II), and Mn(II) without calibrating every electrode for every constituent of interest. The pilot ion method can achieve accuracies to within 20% or less, provided that the underlying principle—the independence of slope ratios—is demonstrated for all voltammetric techniques used, and effects of the physicochemical properties of the system on voltammetric signals are addressed through baseline subtraction.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemical Transactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.1186/1467-4866-13-6","usgsCitation":"Slowey, A.J., and Marvin-DiPasquale, M., 2012, How to overcome inter-electrode variability and instability to quantify dissolved oxygen, Fe(II), mn(II), and S(−II) in undisturbed soils and sediments using voltammetry: Geochemical Transactions, v. 13, no. 6, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/1467-4866-13-6.","productDescription":"20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-026570","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1467-4866-13-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":269848,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1467-4866-13-6"},{"id":269849,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"514c2be6e4b0cf4196fef30c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slowey, Aaron J.","contributorId":30706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slowey","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark","contributorId":57423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003595,"text":"70003595 - 2012 - Using the internet to understand angler behavior in the information age","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-07T10:38:06","indexId":"70003595","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using the internet to understand angler behavior in the information age","docAbstract":"Declining participation in recreational angling is of great concern to fishery managers because fishing license sales are an important revenue source for protection of aquatic resources. This decline is frequently attributed, in part, to increased societal reliance on electronics. Internet use by anglers is increasing and fishery managers may use the Internet as a unique means to increase angler participation. We examined Internet search behavior using Google Insights for Search, a free online tool that summarizes Google searches from 2004 to 2011 to determine (1) trends in Internet search volume for general fishing related terms and (2) the relative usefulness of terms related to angler recruitment programs across the United States. Though search volume declined for general fishing terms (e.g., fishing, fishing guide), search volume increased for social media and recruitment terms (e.g., fishing forum, family fishing) over the 7-year period. We encourage coordinators of recruitment programs to capitalize on anglers’ Internet usage by considering Internet search patterns when creating web-based information. Careful selection of terms used in web-based information to match those currently searched by potential anglers may help to direct traffic to state agency websites that support recruitment efforts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2012.722875","usgsCitation":"Martin, D., Pracheil, B.M., DeBoer, J.A., Wilde, G.R., and Pope, K.L., 2012, Using the internet to understand angler behavior in the information age: Fisheries, v. 37, no. 10, p. 458-463, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2012.722875.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"458","endPage":"463","ipdsId":"IP-028800","costCenters":[{"id":463,"text":"Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273441,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273439,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2012.722875"}],"volume":"37","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b300e9e4b01368e589e410","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Dustin R.","contributorId":43482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Dustin R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pracheil, Brenda M.","contributorId":6361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pracheil","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeBoer, Jason A.","contributorId":10272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBoer","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":463,"text":"Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":347874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilde, Gene R.","contributorId":48467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilde","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687 kpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":1574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"kpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70003830,"text":"70003830 - 2012 - Evidence of local adaptation in westslope cutthroat trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T10:08:23","indexId":"70003830","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of local adaptation in westslope cutthroat trout","docAbstract":"An understanding of the process of local adaptation would allow managers to better protect and conserve species. Many salmonids are in need of such efforts, and because they often persist in differing, isolated environments, they are useful organisms for studying local adaptation. In addition, the temperature sensitivity of salmonids provides a likely target for natural selection. We studied thermal adaptation in four wild populations and one hatchery stock of westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi . The mean summer temperatures of source streams ranged from 6.7°C to 11.2°C. Embryos were collected from the wild, and embryonic development, embryonic survival, and juvenile growth were determined. A significant relationship between median embryonic survival and source stream temperature was detected. Based on a rank test, populations from colder streams had a greater decline in median embryonic survival at warm temperatures than populations from warmer streams. Embryonic development and juvenile growth did not appear to be influenced by source. These findings suggest that populations are thermally adapted to their source streams and this should be considered by managers. However, further study is necessary to sort out the potential confounding factors, whether genetic or epigenetic.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2012.675907","usgsCitation":"Drinan, D.P., Zale, A.V., Webb, M.A., Taper, M.L., Shepard, B.B., and Kalinowski, S.T., 2012, Evidence of local adaptation in westslope cutthroat trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 141, no. 4, p. 872-880, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.675907.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"872","endPage":"880","ipdsId":"IP-029234","costCenters":[{"id":398,"text":"Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269985,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269984,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.675907"}],"volume":"141","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515171ede4b087909f0bbe9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drinan, Daniel P.","contributorId":37614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drinan","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zale, Alexander V. 0000-0003-1703-885X zale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-885X","contributorId":3010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zale","given":"Alexander","email":"zale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, Molly A.H.","contributorId":64121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taper, Mark L.","contributorId":105192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taper","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shepard, Bradley B.","contributorId":57327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shepard","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kalinowski, Steven T.","contributorId":78465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalinowski","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70007330,"text":"70007330 - 2012 - Foraging optimally for home ranges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-17T12:43:57","indexId":"70007330","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging optimally for home ranges","docAbstract":"Economic models predict behavior of animals based on the presumption that natural selection has shaped behaviors important to an animal's fitness to maximize benefits over costs. Economic analyses have shown that territories of animals are structured by trade-offs between benefits gained from resources and costs of defending them. Intuitively, home ranges should be similarly structured, but trade-offs are difficult to assess because there are no costs of defense, thus economic models of home-range behavior are rare. We present economic models that predict how home ranges can be efficient with respect to spatially distributed resources, discounted for travel costs, under 2 strategies of optimization, resource maximization and area minimization. We show how constraints such as competitors can influence structure of homes ranges through resource depression, ultimately structuring density of animals within a population and their distribution on a landscape. We present simulations based on these models to show how they can be generally predictive of home-range behavior and the mechanisms that structure the spatial distribution of animals. We also show how contiguous home ranges estimated statistically from location data can be misleading for animals that optimize home ranges on landscapes with patchily distributed resources. We conclude with a summary of how we applied our models to nonterritorial black bears (Ursus americanus) living in the mountains of North Carolina, where we found their home ranges were best predicted by an area-minimization strategy constrained by intraspecific competition within a social hierarchy. Economic models can provide strong inference about home-range behavior and the resources that structure home ranges by offering falsifiable, a priori hypotheses that can be tested with field observations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/11-MAMM-S-157.1","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, M.S., and Powell, R.A., 2012, Foraging optimally for home ranges: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 93, no. 4, p. 917-928, https://doi.org/10.1644/11-MAMM-S-157.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"917","endPage":"928","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035484","costCenters":[{"id":399,"text":"Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274079,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274078,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/11-MAMM-S-157.1"}],"volume":"93","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c59e34e4b0c89b8f120e3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitchell, Michael S. 0000-0002-0773-6905 mmitchel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-6905","contributorId":3716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Michael","email":"mmitchel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Roger A.","contributorId":9163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}