{"pageNumber":"1514","pageRowStart":"37825","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70045330,"text":"70045330 - 2013 - Fall diel diet composition of American eel (Anguilla rostrata) in a tributary of the Hudson River, New York, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T15:52:30","indexId":"70045330","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fall diel diet composition of American eel (Anguilla rostrata) in a tributary of the Hudson River, New York, USA","docAbstract":"American eel (Anguilla rostrata), a once common species, is now in decline throughout much of its native range in North America. There is little information on the role of American eel in river food webs. A better understanding of the diet and ecological role of American eel will help in the conservation of this important species. During autumn 2009, eel and aquatic invertebrate samples were collected from Hannacroix Creek, a tributary of the Hudson River, in Albany and Greene counties, New York, USA. Eel diet was analyzed by the eel size and time period (day or night). A high proportion of eel stomachs were empty (73%). Eel diets varied among size classes and day and night feeding periods (p = 0.001). Diet overlap was significant between small and medium eels caught both during the day (α = 0.71) and at night (α = 0.84). Nocturnal diet and nocturnal invertebrate samples were similar (α = 0.65), indicating a preference for bottom feeding during the night. Mayfly nymphs were the major prey consumed in each period by all size classes. Among eels that fed, night-feeding eels had the greatest stomach weight (as a percent of total body weight). The swim-bladder parasite, Anguillicoloides crassus, was also observed in eels of all size classes with nearly 50% afflicted.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2012.706755","usgsCitation":"Waldt, E.M., Abbett, R., Johnson, J.H., Dittman, D.E., and McKenna, J., 2013, Fall diel diet composition of American eel (Anguilla rostrata) in a tributary of the Hudson River, New York, USA: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 28, no. 1, p. 91-98, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2012.706755.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"98","ipdsId":"IP-038764","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2012.706755","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":272272,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272271,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2012.706755"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Hudson River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.8,40.5 ], [ -79.8,45.0 ], [ -72.0,45.0 ], [ -72.0,40.5 ], [ -79.8,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5905e4b0b290850f8771","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldt, Emily M. ewaldt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldt","given":"Emily","email":"ewaldt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abbett, Ross 0000-0001-6276-5541 rabbett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6276-5541","contributorId":4359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbett","given":"Ross","email":"rabbett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, James H. 0000-0002-5619-3871 jhjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5619-3871","contributorId":389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"jhjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dittman, Dawn E. 0000-0002-0711-3732 ddittman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0711-3732","contributorId":2762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dittman","given":"Dawn","email":"ddittman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKenna, James E.","contributorId":9217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70045078,"text":"70045078 - 2013 - Estimating economic losses from earthquakes using an empirical approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-12T21:46:04","indexId":"70045078","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating economic losses from earthquakes using an empirical approach","docAbstract":"We extended the U.S. Geological Survey's Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) empirical fatality estimation methodology proposed by Jaiswal et al. (2009) to rapidly estimate economic losses after significant earthquakes worldwide. The requisite model inputs are shaking intensity estimates made by the ShakeMap system, the spatial distribution of population available from the LandScan database, modern and historic country or sub-country population and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) data, and economic loss data from Munich Re's historical earthquakes catalog. We developed a strategy to approximately scale GDP-based economic exposure for historical and recent earthquakes in order to estimate economic losses. The process consists of using a country-specific multiplicative factor to accommodate the disparity between economic exposure and the annual per capita GDP, and it has proven successful in hindcast-ing past losses. Although loss, population, shaking estimates, and economic data used in the calibration process are uncertain, approximate ranges of losses can be estimated for the primary purpose of gauging the overall scope of the disaster and coordinating response. The proposed methodology is both indirect and approximate and is thus best suited as a rapid loss estimation model for applications like the PAGER system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"EERI","doi":"10.1193/1.4000104","usgsCitation":"Jaiswal, K., and Wald, D.J., 2013, Estimating economic losses from earthquakes using an empirical approach: Earthquake Spectra, v. 29, no. 1, p. 309-324, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.4000104.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"324","ipdsId":"IP-037500","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272191,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272190,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000104"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5190abcee4b05ebc8f7cc329","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaiswal, Kishor kjaiswal@usgs.gov","contributorId":861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaiswal","given":"Kishor","email":"kjaiswal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045934,"text":"70045934 - 2013 - Simulating mechanisms for dispersal, production and stranding of small forage fish in temporary wetland habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-11T23:50:49","indexId":"70045934","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating mechanisms for dispersal, production and stranding of small forage fish in temporary wetland habitats","docAbstract":"Movement strategies of small forage fish (<8 cm total length) between temporary and permanent wetland habitats affect their overall population growth and biomass concentrations, i.e., availability to predators. These fish are often the key energy link between primary producers and top predators, such as wading birds, which require high concentrations of stranded fish in accessible depths. Expansion and contraction of seasonal wetlands induce a sequential alternation between rapid biomass growth and concentration, creating the conditions for local stranding of small fish as they move in response to varying water levels. To better understand how landscape topography, hydrology, and fish behavior interact to create high densities of stranded fish, we first simulated population dynamics of small fish, within a dynamic food web, with different traits for movement strategy and growth rate, across an artificial, spatially explicit, heterogeneous, two-dimensional marsh slough landscape, using hydrologic variability as the driver for movement. Model output showed that fish with the highest tendency to invade newly flooded marsh areas built up the largest populations over long time periods with stable hydrologic patterns. A higher probability to become stranded had negative effects on long-term population size, and offset the contribution of that species to stranded biomass. The model was next applied to the topography of a 10 km × 10 km area of Everglades landscape. The details of the topography were highly important in channeling fish movements and creating spatiotemporal patterns of fish movement and stranding. This output provides data that can be compared in the future with observed locations of fish biomass concentrations, or such surrogates as phosphorus ‘hotspots’ in the marsh.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.11.001","usgsCitation":"Yurek, S., DeAngelis, D., Trexler, J.C., Jopp, F., and Donalson, D.D., 2013, Simulating mechanisms for dispersal, production and stranding of small forage fish in temporary wetland habitats: Ecological Modelling, v. 250, p. 391-401, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.11.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"391","endPage":"401","ipdsId":"IP-038780","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272188,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.11.001"}],"volume":"250","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518f5a51e4b05ebc8f7cc30a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yurek, Simeon 0000-0002-6209-7915 syurek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-7915","contributorId":103167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yurek","given":"Simeon","email":"syurek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":88015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trexler, Joel C.","contributorId":36267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trexler","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":478551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jopp, Fred","contributorId":62336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jopp","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Donalson, Douglas D.","contributorId":74660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donalson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70045932,"text":"ofr20121038 - 2013 - Tidal wetlands of the Yaquina and Alsea River estuaries, Oregon: Geographic Information Systems layer development and recommendations for National Wetlands Inventory revisions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-04T14:44:24","indexId":"ofr20121038","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1038","title":"Tidal wetlands of the Yaquina and Alsea River estuaries, Oregon: Geographic Information Systems layer development and recommendations for National Wetlands Inventory revisions","docAbstract":"<p>Geographic Information Systems (GIS) layers of current, and likely former, tidal wetlands in two Oregon estuaries were generated by enhancing the 2010 National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) data with expert local field knowledge, Light Detection and Ranging-derived elevations, and 2009 aerial orthophotographs. Data were generated for two purposes: First, to enhance the NWI by recommending revised Cowardin classifications for certain NWI wetlands within the study area; and second, to generate GIS data for the 1999 Yaquina and Alsea River Basins Estuarine Wetland Site Prioritization study. Two sets of GIS products were generated: (1) enhanced NWI shapefiles; and (2) shapefiles of prioritization sites. The enhanced NWI shapefiles contain recommended changes to the Cowardin classification (system, subsystem, class, and/or modifiers) for 286 NWI polygons in the Yaquina estuary (1,133 acres) and 83 NWI polygons in the Alsea estuary (322 acres). These enhanced NWI shapefiles also identify likely former tidal wetlands that are classified as upland in the current NWI (64 NWI polygons totaling 441 acres in the Yaquina estuary; 16 NWI polygons totaling 51 acres in the Alsea estuary). The former tidal wetlands were identified to assist strategic planning for tidal wetland restoration. Cowardin classifications for the former tidal wetlands were not provided, because their current hydrology is complex owing to dikes, tide gates, and drainage ditches. The scope of this project did not include the field evaluation that would be needed to determine whether the former tidal wetlands are currently wetlands, and if so, determine their correct Cowardin classification. The prioritization site shapefiles contain 49 prioritization sites totaling 2,177 acres in the Yaquina estuary, and 39 prioritization sites totaling 1,045 acres in the Alsea estuary. The prioritization sites include current and former (for example, diked) tidal wetlands, and provide landscape units appropriate for basin-scale wetland restoration and conservation action planning. Several new prioritization sites (not included in the 1999 prioritization) were identified in each estuary, consisting of NWI polygons formerly classified as nontidal wetland or upland. The GIS products of this project improve the accuracy and utility of the NWI data, and provide useful tools for estuarine resource management.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121038","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Green Point Consulting and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Brophy, L.S., Reusser, D.A., and Janousek, C.N., 2013, Tidal wetlands of the Yaquina and Alsea River estuaries, Oregon: Geographic Information Systems layer development and recommendations for National Wetlands Inventory revisions: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1038, vi, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121038.","productDescription":"vi, 60 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272177,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121038.gif"},{"id":272323,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1038/"},{"id":272176,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1038/pdf/ofr2012-1038.pdf","text":"Report","size":"18.86 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Yaquina And Alsea Estuaries","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.16,44.16 ], [ -124.16,44.5 ], [ -123.5,44.5 ], [ -123.5,44.16 ], [ -124.16,44.16 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518e08f7e4b05ebc8f7cc2de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brophy, Laura S.","contributorId":47266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brophy","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reusser, Deborah A. dreusser@usgs.gov","contributorId":2423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reusser","given":"Deborah","email":"dreusser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Janousek, Christopher N. 0000-0003-2124-6715","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2124-6715","contributorId":103951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janousek","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":478549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045937,"text":"ofr20131055 - 2013 - National assessment of geologic carbon dioxide storage resources: methodology implementation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T13:32:59","indexId":"ofr20131055","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1055","title":"National assessment of geologic carbon dioxide storage resources: methodology implementation","docAbstract":"In response to the 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a national assessment of potential geologic storage resources for carbon dioxide (CO2). Storage of CO2 in subsurface saline formations is one important method to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and curb global climate change. This report provides updates and implementation details of the assessment methodology of Brennan and others (2010, http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1127/) and describes the probabilistic model used to calculate potential storage resources in subsurface saline formations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131055","usgsCitation":"Blondes, M., Brennan, S.T., Merrill, M., Buursink, M.L., Warwick, P.D., Cahan, S.M., Corum, M., Cook, T.A., Craddock, W.H., DeVera, C.A., Drake, R.M., Drew, L.J., Freeman, P., Lohr, C., Olea, R., Roberts-Ashby, T., Slucher, E.R., and Varela, B., 2013, National assessment of geologic carbon dioxide storage resources: methodology implementation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1055, vii, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131055.","productDescription":"vii, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy 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sbrennan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-9359","contributorId":559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Sean","email":"sbrennan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":48256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buursink, Marc L. 0000-0001-6491-386X mbuursink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-386X","contributorId":3362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buursink","given":"Marc","email":"mbuursink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources 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,{"id":70045935,"text":"sir20135079 - 2013 - Groundwater depletion in the United States (1900−2008)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-22T09:57:25","indexId":"sir20135079","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5079","title":"Groundwater depletion in the United States (1900−2008)","docAbstract":"A natural consequence of groundwater withdrawals is the removal of water from subsurface storage, but the overall rates and magnitude of groundwater depletion in the United States are not well characterized. This study evaluates long-term cumulative depletion volumes in 40 separate aquifers or areas and one land use category in the United States, bringing together information from the literature and from new analyses. Depletion is directly calculated using calibrated groundwater models, analytical approaches, or volumetric budget analyses for multiple aquifer systems. Estimated groundwater depletion in the United States during 1900–2008 totals approximately 1,000 cubic kilometers (km<sup>3</sup>). Furthermore, the rate of groundwater depletion has increased markedly since about 1950, with maximum rates occurring during the most recent period (2000–2008) when the depletion rate averaged almost 25 km<sup>3</sup> per year (compared to 9.2 km<sup>3</sup> per year averaged over the 1900–2008 timeframe).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135079","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., 2013, Groundwater depletion in the United States (1900−2008): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5079, viii, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135079.","productDescription":"viii, 65 p.","numberOfPages":"75","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1900-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272180,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135079.gif"},{"id":272178,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5079/"},{"id":272179,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5079/SIR2013-5079.pdf"},{"id":354382,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/sir2013-5079_Groundwater_Depletion.xml"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70045936,"text":"ofr20131084 - 2013 - Digital tabulation of stratigraphic data from oil and gas wells in Cuyama Valley and surrounding areas, central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-10T15:33:06","indexId":"ofr20131084","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1084","title":"Digital tabulation of stratigraphic data from oil and gas wells in Cuyama Valley and surrounding areas, central California","docAbstract":"Stratigraphic information from 391 oil and gas exploration wells from Cuyama Valley, California, and surrounding areas are herein compiled in digital form from reports that were released originally in paper form. The Cuyama Basin is located within the southeasternmost part of the Coast Ranges and north of the western Transverse Ranges, west of the San Andreas fault. Knowledge of the location and elevation of stratigraphic tops of formations throughout the basin is a first step toward understanding depositional trends and the structural evolution of the basin through time, and helps in understanding the slip history and partitioning of slip on San Andreas and related faults.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131084","usgsCitation":"Sweetkind, D., Bova, S.C., Langenheim, V., Shumaker, L., and Scheirer, D., 2013, Digital tabulation of stratigraphic data from oil and gas wells in Cuyama Valley and surrounding areas, central California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1084, Report:  vii, 44 p.; Appendix 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131084.","productDescription":"Report:  vii, 44 p.; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131084.gif"},{"id":272183,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1084/Appendix1.xlsx"},{"id":272181,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1084/"},{"id":272182,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1084/OF13-1084_508.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Cuyama Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.5,34.58 ], [ -120.5,35.5 ], [ -119,35.5 ], [ -119,34.58 ], [ -120.5,34.58 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518e08d1e4b05ebc8f7cc2d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S.","contributorId":18732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bova, Shiera C.","contributorId":45607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bova","given":"Shiera","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":1526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shumaker, Lauren E.","contributorId":99666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shumaker","given":"Lauren E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scheirer, Daniel S. dscheirer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheirer","given":"Daniel S.","email":"dscheirer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70044642,"text":"70044642 - 2013 - Effects of historical lead–zinc mining on riffle-dwelling benthic fish and crayfish in the Big River of southeastern Missouri, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-09T13:53:26","indexId":"70044642","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of historical lead–zinc mining on riffle-dwelling benthic fish and crayfish in the Big River of southeastern Missouri, USA","docAbstract":"The Big River (BGR) drains much of the Old Lead Belt mining district (OLB) in southeastern Missouri, USA, which was historically among the largest producers of lead–zinc (Pb–Zn) ore in the world. We sampled benthic fish and crayfish in riffle habitats at eight sites in the BGR and conducted 56-day in situ exposures to the woodland crayfish (Orconectes hylas) and golden crayfish (Orconectes luteus) in cages at four sites affected to differing degrees by mining. Densities of fish and crayfish, physical habitat and water quality, and the survival and growth of caged crayfish were examined at sites with no known upstream mining activities (i.e., reference sites) and at sites downstream of mining areas (i.e., mining and downstream sites). Lead, zinc, and cadmium were analyzed in surface and pore water, sediment, detritus, fish, crayfish, and other benthic macro-invertebrates. Metals concentrations in all materials analyzed were greater at mining and downstream sites than at reference sites. Ten species of fish and four species of crayfish were collected. Fish and crayfish densities were significantly greater at reference than mining or downstream sites, and densities were greater at downstream than mining sites. Survival of caged crayfish was significantly lower at mining sites than reference sites; downstream sites were not tested. Chronic toxic-unit scores and sediment probable effects quotients indicated significant risk of toxicity to fish and crayfish, and metals concentrations in crayfish were sufficiently high to represent a risk to wildlife at mining and downstream sites. Collectively, the results provided direct evidence that metals associated with historical mining activities in the OLB continue to affect aquatic life in the BGR.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecotoxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-013-1043-3","usgsCitation":"Allert, A., DiStefano, R., Fairchild, J., Schmitt, C., McKee, M., Girondo, J., Brumbaugh, W.G., and May, T., 2013, Effects of historical lead–zinc mining on riffle-dwelling benthic fish and crayfish in the Big River of southeastern Missouri, USA: Ecotoxicology, v. 22, no. 3, p. 506-521, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-013-1043-3.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"506","endPage":"521","ipdsId":"IP-039152","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272153,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-013-1043-3"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Big River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.77,36.0 ], [ -95.77,40.61 ], [ -89.1,40.61 ], [ -89.1,36.0 ], [ -95.77,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518cb75fe4b05ebc8f7cc0ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allert, A.L.","contributorId":55987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allert","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DiStefano, R.J.","contributorId":72581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiStefano","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fairchild, J.F.","contributorId":88891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmitt, C. J. 0000-0001-6804-2360","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":56339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKee, M.J.","contributorId":53365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Girondo, J.A.","contributorId":75423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girondo","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70045928,"text":"fs20133027 - 2013 - Wildlife disease and environmental health in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T15:08:27","indexId":"fs20133027","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3027","title":"Wildlife disease and environmental health in Alaska","docAbstract":"Environmental health is defined by connections between the physical environment, ecological health, and human health. Current research within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) recognizes the importance of this integrated research philosophy, which includes study of disease and pollutants as they pertain to wildlife and humans. Due to its key geographic location and significant wildlife resources, Alaska is a critical area for future study of environmental health.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133027","usgsCitation":"Van Hemert, C.R., Pearce, J.M., Oakley, K., and Whalen, M.E., 2013, Wildlife disease and environmental health in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3027, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133027.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133027.jpg"},{"id":272147,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3027/pdf/fs20133027.pdf"},{"id":272146,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3027/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518cb762e4b05ebc8f7cc0f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Hemert, Caroline R. 0000-0002-6858-7165 cvanhemert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-7165","contributorId":3592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Hemert","given":"Caroline","email":"cvanhemert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oakley, Karen","contributorId":63517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakley","given":"Karen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whalen, Mary E. 0000-0003-2820-5158 mwhalen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2820-5158","contributorId":203717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whalen","given":"Mary","email":"mwhalen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70045257,"text":"70045257 - 2013 - Effects of grazing on leaf area index, fractional cover and evapotranspiration by a desert phreatophyte community at a former uranium mill site on the Colorado Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-09T13:29:17","indexId":"70045257","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of grazing on leaf area index, fractional cover and evapotranspiration by a desert phreatophyte community at a former uranium mill site on the Colorado Plateau","docAbstract":"This study employed ground and remote sensing methods to monitor the effects of grazing on leaf area index (LAI), fractional cover (f<sub>c</sub>) and evapotranspiration (ET) of a desert phreatophyte community over an 11 year period at a former uranium mill site on the Colorado Plateau, U.S. Nitrate, ammonium and sulfate are migrating away from the mill site in a shallow alluvial aquifer. The phreatophyte community, consisting of Atriplex canescens (ATCA) and Sarcobatus vermiculatus (SAVE) shrubs, intercepts groundwater and could potentially slow the movement of the contaminant plume through evapotranspiration (ET). However, the site has been heavily grazed by livestock, reducing plant cover and LAI. We used livestock exclosures and revegetation plots to determine the effects of grazing on LAI, f<sub>c</sub> and ET, then projected the findings over the whole site using multi-platform remote sensing methods. We show that ET is approximately equal to annual precipitation at the site, but when ATCA and SAVE are protected from grazing they can develop high f<sub>c</sub> and LAI values, and ET can exceed annual precipitation, with the excess coming from groundwater discharge. Therefore, control of grazing could be an effective method to slow migration of contaminants at this and similar sites in the western U.S.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.09.026","usgsCitation":"Bresloff, C.J., Nguyen, U., Glenn, E.P., Waugh, J., and Nagler, P.L., 2013, Effects of grazing on leaf area index, fractional cover and evapotranspiration by a desert phreatophyte community at a former uranium mill site on the Colorado Plateau: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 114, p. 92-104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.09.026.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"104","ipdsId":"IP-033244","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272149,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.09.026"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Plateau","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.36,33.6 ], [ -114.36,40.27 ], [ -106.92,40.27 ], [ -106.92,33.6 ], [ -114.36,33.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"114","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518cb75ee4b05ebc8f7cc0e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bresloff, Cynthia J.","contributorId":46863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bresloff","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nguyen, Uyen","contributorId":71863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nguyen","given":"Uyen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13060,"text":"Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":19289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waugh, Jody","contributorId":91005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waugh","given":"Jody","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70042650,"text":"70042650 - 2013 - Effects of isolation and fishing on the marine ecosystems of Easter Island and Salas y Gómez, Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-29T08:54:33","indexId":"70042650","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":862,"text":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of isolation and fishing on the marine ecosystems of Easter Island and Salas y Gómez, Chile","docAbstract":"1. An expedition to Salas y Gómez and Easter islands was conducted to develop a comprehensive baseline of the nearshore marine ecosystem, to survey seamounts of the recently created Motu Motiro Hiva Marine Park (MMHMP) – a no-take marine reserve of 150 000 km2 – and to compare these results with Easter Island where the marine ecosystem is similar but has no marine protection. 2. Live coral cover was surprisingly high at both Easter Island (53%) and Salas y Gómez (44%), especially considering their sub-tropical location, high wave energy environments, and geographic isolation. 3. Endemic and regionally-endemic species comprised 77% of the fish abundance at Easter Island and 73% at Salas y Gómez. Fish biomass at Salas y Gómez was relatively high (1.2 t ha-1) and included a large proportion of apex predators (43%), whereas at Easter Island it was almost three times lower (0.45 t ha-1) with large predators accounting for less than 2% of the biomass, despite good habitat quality. 4. The large cohort of small sharks and the absence of larger sharks at Salas y Gómez suggest mesopredator release consistent with recent shark fishing. The fish fauna at the seamounts between Easter Island and Salas y Gómez, outside of MMHMP, harboured 46% endemic species, including a new species of damselfish (Chromis sp. nov.) and probably a new species of Chimaera (Hydrolagus). Numerous seamounts adjacent to Salas y Gómez are currently not included in the MMHMP. 5. This expedition highlights the high biodiversity value of this remote part of the Pacific owing to the uniqueness (endemicity) of the fauna, large apex predator biomass, and geographic isolation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/aqc.2333","usgsCitation":"Friedlander, A.M., Ballesteros, E., Beets, J., Berkenpas, E., Gaymer, C.F., Gorny, M., and Sala, E., 2013, Effects of isolation and fishing on the marine ecosystems of Easter Island and Salas y Gómez, Chile: Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, v. 23, no. 4, p. 515-531, https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2333.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"515","endPage":"531","ipdsId":"IP-043030","costCenters":[{"id":333,"text":"Hawaii Cooperative Fishery Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/93161","text":"External Repository"},{"id":272143,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272140,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2333"}],"country":"Chile","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.5,-56.0 ], [ -109.5,-17.5 ], [ -66.4,-17.5 ], [ -66.4,-56.0 ], [ -109.5,-56.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518cb760e4b05ebc8f7cc0f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedlander, Alan M. afriedlander@usgs.gov","contributorId":53079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedlander","given":"Alan","email":"afriedlander@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballesteros, Enric","contributorId":56113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballesteros","given":"Enric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beets, Jim","contributorId":99686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beets","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berkenpas, Eric","contributorId":47668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkenpas","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gaymer, Carlos F.","contributorId":89039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaymer","given":"Carlos","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gorny, Matthias","contributorId":67786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorny","given":"Matthias","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sala, Enric","contributorId":38437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sala","given":"Enric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70042766,"text":"70042766 - 2013 - Ecosystem services from keystone species: diversionary seeding and seed-caching desert rodents can enhance Indian ricegrass seedling establishment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-09T09:16:39","indexId":"70042766","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecosystem services from keystone species: diversionary seeding and seed-caching desert rodents can enhance Indian ricegrass seedling establishment","docAbstract":"Seeds of Indian ricegrass (Achnatherum hymenoides), a native bunchgrass common to sandy soils on arid western rangelands, are naturally dispersed by seed-caching rodent species, particularly Dipodomys spp. (kangaroo rats). These animals cache large quantities of seeds when mature seeds are available on or beneath plants and recover most of their caches for consumption during the remainder of the year. Unrecovered seeds in caches account for the vast majority of Indian ricegrass seedling recruitment. We applied three different densities of white millet (Panicum miliaceum) seeds as “diversionary foods” to plots at three Great Basin study sites in an attempt to reduce rodents' over-winter cache recovery so that more Indian ricegrass seeds would remain in soil seedbanks and potentially establish new seedlings. One year after diversionary seed application, a moderate level of Indian ricegrass seedling recruitment occurred at two of our study sites in western Nevada, although there was no recruitment at the third site in eastern California. At both Nevada sites, the number of Indian ricegrass seedlings sampled along transects was significantly greater on all plots treated with diversionary seeds than on non-seeded control plots. However, the density of diversionary seeds applied to plots had a marginally non-significant effect on seedling recruitment, and it was not correlated with recruitment patterns among plots. Results suggest that application of a diversionary seed type that is preferred by seed-caching rodents provides a promising passive restoration strategy for target plant species that are dispersed by these rodents.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00895.x","usgsCitation":"Longland, W., and Ostoja, S.M., 2013, Ecosystem services from keystone species: diversionary seeding and seed-caching desert rodents can enhance Indian ricegrass seedling establishment: Restoration Ecology, v. 21, no. 2, p. 285-291, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00895.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"291","ipdsId":"IP-032558","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272120,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00895.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.0 ], [ -114.0,42.0 ], [ -114.0,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518cb759e4b05ebc8f7cc0dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Longland, William","contributorId":73899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longland","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ostoja, Steven M. sostoja@usgs.gov","contributorId":3039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostoja","given":"Steven","email":"sostoja@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":33665,"text":"USDA California Climate Hub, UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043943,"text":"70043943 - 2013 - Effectiveness of an integrated hatchery program: Can genetic-based performance differences between hatchery and wild Chinook salmon be avoided?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-04T15:47:02","indexId":"70043943","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effectiveness of an integrated hatchery program: Can genetic-based performance differences between hatchery and wild Chinook salmon be avoided?","docAbstract":"<p>Performance of wild (W) and hatchery (H) spring Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) was evaluated for a sixth generation hatchery program. Management techniques to minimize genetic divergence from the wild stock included regular use of wild broodstock and volitional releases of juveniles. Performance of HH, WW, and HW (hatchery female spawned with wild male) crosses was compared in hatchery and stream environments. The WW juveniles emigrated from the hatchery at two to three times the rate of HH fish in the fall (HW intermediate) and 35% more HH than WW adults returned (27% more HW than WW adults). Performance in the stream did not differ statistically between HH and WW fish, but outmigrants (38% WW, 30% HW, and 32% HH fish) during the first 39 days of the 16-month sampling period composed 74% of total outmigrants. Differences among hatchery-reared crosses were partially due to additive genetic effects, were consistent with domestication (increased fitness for the hatchery population in the hatchery program), and suggested that selection against fall emigration from the hatchery was a possible mechanism of domestication.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2012-0138","usgsCitation":"Hayes, M.C., Reisenbichler, R.R., Rubin, S.P., Drake, D., Stenberg, K.D., and Young, S.F., 2013, Effectiveness of an integrated hatchery program: Can genetic-based performance differences between hatchery and wild Chinook salmon be avoided?: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 70, no. 2, p. 147-158, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2012-0138.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"158","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026265","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272129,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518cb75ce4b05ebc8f7cc0e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Michael C. 0000-0002-9060-0565 mhayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0565","contributorId":3017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Michael","email":"mhayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald R.","contributorId":20623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drake, Deanne C.","contributorId":71462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"Deanne C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stenberg, Karl D. 0000-0001-9802-2707 kstenberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9802-2707","contributorId":3747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenberg","given":"Karl","email":"kstenberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Young, Sewall F.","contributorId":15499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Sewall","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70044603,"text":"70044603 - 2013 - Ecotoxicology of organochlorine chemicals in birds of the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-09T09:28:37","indexId":"70044603","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecotoxicology of organochlorine chemicals in birds of the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Silent Spring was fulfilled in the United States with passage of environmental legislation such as the Clean Water Act, the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, and the Toxic Substance Control Act in the 1970s. Carson's writings, television interviews, and testimony before Congress alerted a nation and the world to the unintended effects of persistent, bioaccumulative chemicals on populations of fish, wildlife, and possibly humans. Her writings in the popular press brought attention to scientific findings that declines in populations of a variety of birds were directly linked to the widespread use of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in agriculture, public health, and horticulture. By the 1970s, DDT and other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were being banned or phased out, and the intent of these regulatory acts became apparent in a number of locations across the United States, including the Great Lakes. Concentrations of DDT and its major product of transformation, dichlorodiphenylchloroethane (DDE), were decreasing in top predators, such as bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), osprey (Pandion haliaetus), colonial waterbirds, and other fish-eating wildlife. Eggshell thinning and the associated mortality of bird embryos caused by DDE had decreased in the Great Lakes and elsewhere by the early 1980s.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.2109","usgsCitation":"Tillitt, D.E., and Giesy, J.P., 2013, Ecotoxicology of organochlorine chemicals in birds of the Great Lakes: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 32, no. 3, p. 490-492, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2109.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"490","endPage":"492","ipdsId":"IP-041888","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2109","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":272125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272124,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2109"}],"otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.61,41.24 ], [ -92.61,49.0 ], [ -75.62,49.0 ], [ -75.62,41.24 ], [ -92.61,41.24 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518cb75be4b05ebc8f7cc0e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giesy, John P.","contributorId":57426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giesy","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70044996,"text":"70044996 - 2013 - Effects of mining-associated lead and zinc soil contamination on native floristic quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-09T13:59:21","indexId":"70044996","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of mining-associated lead and zinc soil contamination on native floristic quality","docAbstract":"We assessed the quality of plant communities across a range of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) soil concentrations at a variety of sites associated with Pb mining in southeast Missouri, USA. In a novel application, two standard floristic quality measures, Mean Coefficient of Conservatism (Mean C) and Floristic Quality Index (FQI), were examined in relation to concentrations of Pb and Zn, soil nutrients, and other soil characteristics. Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling and Regression Tree Analyses identified soil Pb and Zn concentrations as primary explanatory variables for plant community composition and indicated negative relationships between soil metals concentrations and both Mean C and FQI. Univariate regression also demonstrated significant negative relationships between metals concentrations and floristic quality. The negative effects of metals in native soils with otherwise relatively undisturbed conditions indicate that elevated soil metals concentrations adversely affect native floristic quality where no other human disturbance is evident.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.01.021","usgsCitation":"Struckhoff, M.A., Stroh, E.D., and Grabner, K.W., 2013, Effects of mining-associated lead and zinc soil contamination on native floristic quality: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 119, p. 20-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.01.021.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"28","ipdsId":"IP-041138","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272155,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.01.021"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.77,36.0 ], [ -95.77,40.61 ], [ -89.1,40.61 ], [ -89.1,36.0 ], [ -95.77,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"119","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518cb761e4b05ebc8f7cc0f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Struckhoff, Matthew A. 0000-0002-4911-9956 mstruckhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4911-9956","contributorId":2095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Struckhoff","given":"Matthew","email":"mstruckhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stroh, Esther D. 0000-0003-4291-4647 estroh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4291-4647","contributorId":2813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stroh","given":"Esther","email":"estroh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grabner, Keith W. kgrabner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grabner","given":"Keith","email":"kgrabner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045526,"text":"70045526 - 2013 - Ecosystem services from converted land: the importance of tree cover in Amazonian pastures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-12T09:16:44","indexId":"70045526","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3669,"text":"Urban Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecosystem services from converted land: the importance of tree cover in Amazonian pastures","docAbstract":"Deforestation is responsible for a substantial fraction of global carbon emissions and changes in surface energy budgets that affect climate. Deforestation losses include wildlife and human habitat, and myriad forest products on which rural and urban societies depend for food, fiber, fuel, fresh water, medicine, and recreation. Ecosystem services gained in the transition from forests to pasture and croplands, however, are often ignored in assessments of the impact of land cover change. The role of converted lands in tropical areas in terms of carbon uptake and storage is largely unknown. Pastures represent the fastest-growing form of converted land use in the tropics, even in some areas of rapid urban expansion. Tree biomass stored in these areas spans a broad range, depending on tree cover. Trees in pasture increase carbon storage, provide shade for cattle, and increase productivity of forage material. As a result, increasing fractional tree cover can provide benefits land managers as well as important ecosystem services such as reducing conversion pressure on forests adjacent to pastures. This study presents an estimation of fractional tree cover in pasture in a dynamic region on the verge of large-scale land use change. An appropriate sampling interval is established for similar studies, one that balances the need for independent samples of sufficient number to characterize a pasture in terms of fractional tree cover. This information represents a useful policy tool for government organizations and NGOs interested in encouraging ecosystem services on converted lands. Using high spatial resolution remotely sensed imagery, fractional tree cover in pasture is quantified for the municipality of Rio Branco, Brazil. A semivariogram and devolving spatial resolution are employed to determine the coarsest sampling interval that may be used, minimizing effects of spatial autocorrelation. The coarsest sampling interval that minimizes spatial dependence was about 22 m. The area-weighted fractional tree cover for the study area was 1.85 %, corrected for a slight bias associated with the coarser sampling resolution. The pastures sampled for fractional tree cover were divided between ‘high’ and ‘low’ tree cover, which may be the result of intentional incorporation of arboreal species in pasture. Further research involving those ranchers that have a higher fractional tree cover may indicate ways to promote the practice on a broader scale in the region.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Urban Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11252-012-0280-1","usgsCitation":"Barrett, K., Valentim, J., and Turner, B., 2013, Ecosystem services from converted land: the importance of tree cover in Amazonian pastures: Urban Ecosystems, v. 16, no. 3, p. 573-591, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-012-0280-1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"591","ipdsId":"IP-042809","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1131969","text":"External Repository"},{"id":272119,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272118,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11252-012-0280-1"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518cb74fe4b05ebc8f7cc0d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrett, Kirsten","contributorId":26600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"Kirsten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valentim, Judson","contributorId":105623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentim","given":"Judson","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turner, B. L. II","contributorId":92567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"B. L.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045914,"text":"sir20135086 - 2013 - Methods for estimating annual exceedance-probability discharges for streams in Iowa, based on data through water year 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-08T20:55:26","indexId":"sir20135086","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5086","title":"Methods for estimating annual exceedance-probability discharges for streams in Iowa, based on data through water year 2010","docAbstract":"A statewide study was performed to develop regional regression equations for estimating selected annual exceedance-probability statistics for ungaged stream sites in Iowa. The study area comprises streamgages located within Iowa and 50 miles beyond the State’s borders. Annual exceedance-probability estimates were computed for 518 streamgages by using the expected moments algorithm to fit a Pearson Type III distribution to the logarithms of annual peak discharges for each streamgage using annual peak-discharge data through 2010. The estimation of the selected statistics included a Bayesian weighted least-squares/generalized least-squares regression analysis to update regional skew coefficients for the 518 streamgages. Low-outlier and historic information were incorporated into the annual exceedance-probability analyses, and a generalized Grubbs-Beck test was used to detect multiple potentially influential low flows. Also, geographic information system software was used to measure 59 selected basin characteristics for each streamgage.\n\nRegional regression analysis, using generalized least-squares regression, was used to develop a set of equations for each flood region in Iowa for estimating discharges for ungaged stream sites with 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities, which are equivalent to annual flood-frequency recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 years, respectively. A total of 394 streamgages were included in the development of regional regression equations for three flood regions (regions 1, 2, and 3) that were defined for Iowa based on landform regions and soil regions.\n\nAverage standard errors of prediction range from 31.8 to 45.2 percent for flood region 1, 19.4 to 46.8 percent for flood region 2, and 26.5 to 43.1 percent for flood region 3. The pseudo coefficients of determination for the generalized least-squares equations range from 90.8 to 96.2 percent for flood region 1, 91.5 to 97.9 percent for flood region 2, and 92.4 to 96.0 percent for flood region 3. The regression equations are applicable only to stream sites in Iowa with flows not significantly affected by regulation, diversion, channelization, backwater, or urbanization and with basin characteristics within the range of those used to develop the equations.\n\nThese regression equations will be implemented within the U.S. Geological Survey StreamStats Web-based geographic information system tool. StreamStats allows users to click on any ungaged site on a river and compute estimates of the eight selected statistics; in addition, 90-percent prediction intervals and the measured basin characteristics for the ungaged sites also are provided by the Web-based tool. StreamStats also allows users to click on any streamgage in Iowa and estimates computed for these eight selected statistics are provided for the streamgage.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135086","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation and the Iowa Highway Research Board (Project TR-519)","usgsCitation":"Eash, D.A., Barnes, K., and Veilleux, A.G., 2013, Methods for estimating annual exceedance-probability discharges for streams in Iowa, based on data through water year 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5086, viii, 63 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135086.","productDescription":"viii, 63 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"76","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalEnd":"2010-10-01","ipdsId":"IP-032892","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272115,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135086.gif"},{"id":272113,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5086/sir13_5086web.pdf"},{"id":272114,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5086/downloads/"},{"id":272112,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5086/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.64,40.38 ], [ -96.64,43.5 ], [ -90.14,43.5 ], [ -90.14,40.38 ], [ -96.64,40.38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518b65e6e4b0037667dbc7e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eash, David A. 0000-0002-2749-8959 daeash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-8959","contributorId":1887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"David","email":"daeash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, Kimberlee K.","contributorId":41476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Kimberlee K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Veilleux, Andrea G. aveilleux@usgs.gov","contributorId":4404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veilleux","given":"Andrea","email":"aveilleux@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045890,"text":"ofr20121215 - 2013 - Remote sensing survey of Chinese tallow tree in the Toledo Bend Reservoir area, Louisiana and Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:27:56","indexId":"ofr20121215","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1215","title":"Remote sensing survey of Chinese tallow tree in the Toledo Bend Reservoir area, Louisiana and Texas","docAbstract":"We applied Hyperion sensor satellite data acquired by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite in conjunction with reconnaissance surveys to map the occurrences of the invasive Chinese tallow tree (Triadica sebifera) in the Toledo Bend Reservoir study area of northwestern Louisiana and northeastern Texas. The rationale for application of high spectral resolution EO-1 Hyperion data was based on the successful use of Hyperion data in the mapping of Chinese tallow tree in southwestern Louisiana in 2005. In contrast to the single Hyperion image used in the 2005 project, more than 20 EO-1 Hyperion and Advanced Land Imager (ALI) images of the study area were collected in 2009 and 2010 during the fall senescence when Chinese tallow tree leaves turn red. Atmospherically corrected reflectance spectra of Hyperion imagery collected at ground and aerial observation locations provided the input datasets used in the program for spectral discrimination analysis. Discrimination analysis was used to identify spectral indicator sets to best explain variance contained in the input databases. The expectation was that at least one set of Hyperion-based indicator spectra would uniquely identify occurrences of red-leaf Chinese tallow tree; however, no combination of Hyperion-based reflectance datasets produced a unique identifier.\n\nThe inability to discover a unique spectral indicator resulted primarily from relatively sparse coverage by red-leaf Chinese tallow tree within the study area (percentage of coverage was less than 5 percent per 30- by 30-meter Hyperion pixel). To enhance the performance of the spectral discrimination analysis, leaf and canopy spectra of Chinese tallow tree were added to the input datasets to guide the indicator selection. In addition, input databases were segregated by land class obtained from an ALI-based landcover classification in order to reduce the input variance and to promote spectral discrimination of red-leaf Chinese tallow tree. Although no unique spectral identifier for red-leaf Chinese tallow tree was uncovered with these enhanced methods, in some cases predicted spatial patterns throughout the Hyperion images revealed alignment with vegetation associations within each land class that was often observed to contain Chinese tallow trees. These instances were associated particularly with the addition of helicopter-based spectra to the input databases. It was attempted to extend such predictions of likely occurrences of Chinese tallow tree by mapping six of the nine Hyperion swaths and four of the nine land classes, but this attempt produced uncertain results that could not be fully evaluated for accuracy. Even though the final mapping showed promise in identifying likely Chinese tallow tree occurrences, the low percentage of occurrences hindered mapping performance and validation. Results of the mapping suggested that successful detection of Chinese tallow tree in the study area would require a spectral sensor similar to the Hyperion but with a higher ground-level spatial resolution.\n\nAlthough the Hyperion-based spectral mapping did not provide the desired results, the associated field (ground and aerial) surveys did provide for a qualitative assessment of the overall Chinese tallow tree distribution within the study area. Ground and aerial surveys suggested that Chinese tallow tree occurrences were uncommon and were without an observed pattern in relation to proximity to the Toledo Bend Reservoir. Although uncommon and scattered, Chinese tallow trees and shrubs most commonly existed along forest edges, water edges, and fence lines, probably most in line with seed dispersal by birds. Chinese tallow trees were observed to be more densely dispersed within some scrublands and grasslands than were observed in pine, hardwood, and mixed forests.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121215","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Toledo Bend Project","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, E., Rangoonwala, A., Bannister, T., and Suzuoki, Y., 2013, Remote sensing survey of Chinese tallow tree in the Toledo Bend Reservoir area, Louisiana and Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1215, xi, 74 p.; Table 14; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121215.","productDescription":"xi, 74 p.; Table 14; Database","numberOfPages":"89","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121215.gif"},{"id":272066,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1215/Table14_RedTallowMapping.xlsx"},{"id":272064,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1215/"},{"id":272067,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1215/Database/ToledoBend_click"},{"id":272065,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1215/OFR%202012-1215.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana;Texas","county":"Toledo Bend Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.1,31.1 ], [ -94.1,32.0 ], [ -93.5,32.0 ], [ -93.5,31.1 ], [ -94.1,31.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518b65e6e4b0037667dbc7eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey, Elijah W. III 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":72769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Elijah W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rangoonwala, Amina 0000-0002-0556-0598 rangoonwalaa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0556-0598","contributorId":3455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rangoonwala","given":"Amina","email":"rangoonwalaa@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bannister, Terri","contributorId":82836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bannister","given":"Terri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suzuoki, Yukihiro","contributorId":25283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suzuoki","given":"Yukihiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70045891,"text":"i2600Q - 2013 - Coastal-change and glaciological map of the Amery Ice Shelf area, Antarctica: 1961–2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-08T20:59:54","indexId":"i2600Q","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2600","chapter":"Q","title":"Coastal-change and glaciological map of the Amery Ice Shelf area, Antarctica: 1961–2004","docAbstract":"Reduction in the area and volume of Earth’s two polar ice sheets is intricately linked to changes in global climate and to the resulting rise in sea level. Measurement of changes in area and mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet was given a very high priority in recommendations by the Polar Research Board of the National Research Council. On the basis of these recommendations, the U.S. Geological Survey used its archive of satellite images to document changes in the cryospheric coastline of Antarctica and analyze the glaciological features of the coastal regions.\n\nAmery Ice Shelf, lying between 67.5° and 75° East longitude and 68.5° and 73.2° South latitude, is the largest ice shelf in East Antarctica. The latest measurements of the area of the ice shelf range between 62,620 and 71,260 square kilometers. The ice shelf is fed primarily by Lambert, Mellor, and Fisher Glaciers; its thickness ranges from 3,000 meters in the center of the grounding line to less than 300 meters at the ice front. Lambert Glacier is considered to be the largest glacier in the world, and its drainage basin is more than 1 million square kilometers in area. It is possible to see some coastal change on the outlet glaciers along the coast, but most of the noticeable change occurs on the Amery Ice Shelf front.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i2600Q","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom","usgsCitation":"Foley, K.M., Ferrigno, J.G., Swithinbank, C., Williams, R., and Orndorff, A.L., 2013, Coastal-change and glaciological map of the Amery Ice Shelf area, Antarctica: 1961–2004: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2600, Pamphlet: iii, 8 p.; Map: 1 Sheet: 50 x 42 inches; Downloads, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2600Q.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iii, 8 p.; Map: 1 Sheet: 50 x 42 inches; Downloads","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1961-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":180,"text":"Climate and Land Use Change Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272069,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2600/Q/"},{"id":272070,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2600/Q/pdf/AmeryMap.pdf"},{"id":272071,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2600/Q/pdf/imap_I-2600-Q_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":272072,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2600/Q/Downloads"},{"id":272073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i2600q.gif"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 55,-75.0 ], [ 55,-67.0 ], [ 80,-67.0 ], [ 80,-75.0 ], [ 55,-75.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518b65e5e4b0037667dbc7e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, Kevin M. 0000-0003-1013-462X kfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-462X","contributorId":2543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Kevin","email":"kfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swithinbank, Charles","contributorId":26368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swithinbank","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":90679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Orndorff, Audrey L.","contributorId":94578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Audrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70045885,"text":"ofr20131076 - 2013 - Characterization of mercury contamination in the Androscoggin River, Coos County, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-08T09:21:26","indexId":"ofr20131076","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1076","title":"Characterization of mercury contamination in the Androscoggin River, Coos County, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"The former chloralkali facility in Berlin, New Hampshire, was designated a Superfund site in 2005. Historic paper mill activities resulted in the contamination of groundwater, surface water, and sediments with many organic compounds and mercury (Hg). Hg continues to seep into the Androscoggin River in elemental form through bedrock fractures. The objective of this study was to spatially characterize (1) the extent of Hg contamination in water, sediment, and biota; (2) Hg speciation and methylmercury (MeHg) production potential rates in sediment; (3) the availability of inorganic divalent Hg (Hg(II)) for Hg(II)-methylation (MeHg production); and (4) ancillary sediment geochemistry necessary to better understand Hg speciation and MeHg production potential rates in this system.\nConcentrations of total mercury (THg) and MeHg in sediment, pore water, and biota in the Androscoggin River were elevated downstream from the former chloralkali facility compared with those upstream from reference sites. Sequential extraction of surface sediment showed a distinct difference in Hg speciation upstream compared with downstream from the contamination site. An upstream site was dominated by potassium hydroxide-extractable forms (for example, organic-Hg or particle-bound Hg(II)), whereas sites downstream from the point source were dominated by more chemically recalcitrant forms (largely concentrated nitric acid-extractable), indicative of elemental mercury or mercurous chloride. At all sites, only a minor fraction (less than 0.1 percent) of THg existed in chemically labile forms (for example, water extractable or weak acid extractable). All metrics indicated that a greater percentage of mercury at an upstream site was available for Hg(II)-methylation compared with sites downstream from the point source, but the absolute concentration of bioavailable Hg(II) was greater downstream from the point source. In addition, the concentration of tin-reducible inorganic reactive mercury, a surrogate measure of bioavailable Hg(II) generally increased with distance downstream from the point source. Whereas concentrations of mercury species on a sediment-dry-weight basis generally reflected the relative location of the sample to the point source, river-reach integrated mercury-species inventories and MeHg production potential (MPP) rates reflected the amount of fine-grained sediment in a given reach.  THg concentrations in biota were significantly higher downstream from the point source compared with upstream reference sites for smallmouth bass, white sucker, crayfish, oligochaetes, bat fur, nestling tree swallow blood and feathers, adult tree swallow blood, and tree swallow eggs. As with tin-reducible inorganic reactive mercury, THg in smallmouth bass also increased with distance downstream from the point source. Toxicity tests and invertebrate community assessments suggested that invertebrates were not impaired at the current (2009 and 2010) levels of mercury contamination downstream from the point source. Concentrations of THg and MeHg in most water and sediment samples from the Androscoggin River were below U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, and probable effects level guidelines. Surface-water and sediment samples from the Androscoggin River had similar THg concentrations but lower MeHg concentrations compared with other rivers in the region. Concentrations of THg in fish tissue were all above regional and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidelines. Moreover, median THg concentrations in smallmouth bass from the Androscoggin River were significantly higher than those reported in regional surveys of river and streams nationwide and in the Northeastern United States and Canada. The higher concentrations of mercury in smallmouth bass suggest conditions may be more favorable for Hg(II)-methylation and bioaccumulation in the Androscoggin River compared with many other rivers in the United States and Canada.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131076","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Chalmers, A., Marvin-DiPasquale, M.C., Degnan, J.R., Coles, J., Agee, J.L., and Luce, D., 2013, Characterization of mercury contamination in the Androscoggin River, Coos County, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1076, Report: vii, 58 p.; 2 XLS Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131076.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 58 p.; 2 XLS Appendices","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131076.gif"},{"id":272059,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1076/"},{"id":272061,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1076/appendix/ofr_chalmers_append1_final.xlsx"},{"id":272060,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1076/pdf/ofr2013-1076_report_508.pdf"},{"id":272062,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1076/appendix/ofr_chalmers_append2_final.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","county":"Coos County","otherGeospatial":"Androscoggin River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.19,44.39 ], [ -71.19,44.40 ], [ -71.18,44.40 ], [ -71.18,44.39 ], [ -71.19,44.39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518b65d2e4b0037667dbc7df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chalmers, Ann","contributorId":23604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark C. 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":1485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Degnan, James R. 0000-0002-5665-9010 jrdegnan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5665-9010","contributorId":498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Degnan","given":"James","email":"jrdegnan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coles, James","contributorId":93795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coles","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Agee, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-5964-5079 jlagee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5964-5079","contributorId":2586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agee","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlagee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Luce, Darryl","contributorId":72520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luce","given":"Darryl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70045884,"text":"sir20125242 - 2013 - Simulations of groundwater flow, transport, and age in Albuquerque, New Mexico, for a study of transport of anthropogenic and natural contaminants (TANC) to public-supply wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T21:26:46","indexId":"sir20125242","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5242","title":"Simulations of groundwater flow, transport, and age in Albuquerque, New Mexico, for a study of transport of anthropogenic and natural contaminants (TANC) to public-supply wells","docAbstract":"Vulnerability to contamination from manmade and natural sources can be characterized by the groundwater-age distribution measured in a supply well and the associated implications for the source depths of the withdrawn water. Coupled groundwater flow and transport models were developed to simulate the transport of the geochemical age-tracers carbon-14, tritium, and three chlorofluorocarbon species to public-supply wells in Albuquerque, New Mexico. A separate, regional-scale simulation of transport of carbon-14 that used the flow-field computed by a previously documented regional groundwater flow model was calibrated and used to specify the initial concentrations of carbon-14 in the local-scale transport model. Observations of the concentrations of each of the five chemical species, in addition to water-level observations and measurements of intra-borehole flow within a public-supply well, were used to calibrate parameters of the local-scale groundwater flow and transport models.\n\nThe calibrated groundwater flow model simulates the mixing of “young” groundwater, which entered the groundwater flow system after 1950 as recharge at the water table, with older resident groundwater that is more likely associated with natural contaminants. Complexity of the aquifer system in the zone of transport between the water table and public-supply well screens was simulated with a geostatistically generated stratigraphic realization based upon observed lithologic transitions at borehole control locations. Because effective porosity was simulated as spatially uniform, the simulated age tracers are more efficiently transported through the portions of the simulated aquifer with relatively higher simulated hydraulic conductivity. Non-pumping groundwater wells with long screens that connect aquifer intervals having different hydraulic heads can provide alternate pathways for contaminant transport that are faster than the advective transport through the aquifer material. Simulation of flow and transport through these wells requires time discretization that adequately represents periods of pumping and non-pumping. The effects of intra-borehole flow are not fully represented in the simulation because it employs seasonal stress periods, which are longer than periods of pumping and non-pumping. Further simulations utilizing daily pumpage data and model stress periods may help quantify the relative effects of intra-borehole versus advective aquifer flow on the transport of contaminants near the public-supply wells. The fraction of young water withdrawn from the studied supply well varies with simulated pumping rates due to changes in the relative contributions to flow from different aquifer intervals.\n\nThe advective transport of dissolved solutes from a known contaminant source to the public-supply wells was simulated by using particle-tracking. Because of the transient groundwater flow field, scenarios with alternative contaminant release times result in different simulated-particle fates, most of which are withdrawn from the aquifer at wells that are between the source and the studied supply well. The relatively small effective porosity required to simulate advective transport from the simulated contaminant source to the studied supply well is representative of a preferential pathway and not the predominant aquifer effective porosity that was estimated by the calibration of the model to observed chemical-tracer concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125242","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Heywood, C.E., 2013, Simulations of groundwater flow, transport, and age in Albuquerque, New Mexico, for a study of transport of anthropogenic and natural contaminants (TANC) to public-supply wells: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5242, ix, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125242.","productDescription":"ix, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"65","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272049,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20125242.gif"},{"id":272047,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5242/"},{"id":272048,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5242/pdf/sir2012-5242.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Albuquerque","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.088,34.95 ], [ -106.088,35.22 ], [ -106.47,35.22 ], [ -106.47,34.95 ], [ -106.088,34.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a145fe4b061e1bd533357","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heywood, Charles E. cheywood@usgs.gov","contributorId":2043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heywood","given":"Charles","email":"cheywood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045859,"text":"70045859 - 2013 - Analyzing the water budget and hydrological characteristics and responses to land use in a monsoonal climate river basin in South China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T09:24:06","indexId":"70045859","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analyzing the water budget and hydrological characteristics and responses to land use in a monsoonal climate river basin in South China","docAbstract":"Hydrological models have been increasingly used by hydrologists and water resource managers to understand natural processes and human activities that affect watersheds. In this study, we use the physically based model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), to investigate the hydrological processes in the East River Basin in South China, a coastal area dominated by monsoonal climate. The SWAT model was calibrated using 8-year (1973–1980) record of the daily streamflow at the basin outlet (Boluo station), and then validated using data collected during the subsequent 8 years (1981–1988). Statistical evaluation shows that SWAT can consistently simulate the streamflow of the East River with monthly Nash–Sutcliffe efficiencies of 0.93 for calibration and 0.90 for validation at the Boluo station. We analyzed the model simulations with calibrated parameters, presented the spatiotemporal distribution of the key hydrological components, and quantified their responses to different land uses. Watershed managers can use the results of this study to understand hydrological features and evaluate water resources of the East River in terms of sustainable development and effective management.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-013-0045-5","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., and Chen, J., 2013, Analyzing the water budget and hydrological characteristics and responses to land use in a monsoonal climate river basin in South China: Environmental Management, v. 51, no. 6, p. 1174-1186, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-013-0045-5.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1174","endPage":"1186","ipdsId":"IP-042191","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272031,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272012,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-013-0045-5"}],"country":"China","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 73.5,18.2 ], [ 73.5,53.6 ], [ 134.8,53.6 ], [ 134.8,18.2 ], [ 73.5,18.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a1451e4b061e1bd533337","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Yiping ywu@usgs.gov","contributorId":987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Yiping","email":"ywu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Ji","contributorId":101960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Ji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045161,"text":"70045161 - 2013 - Survival and behavior of Chinese mystery snails (Bellamya chinensis) in response to simulated water body drawdowns and extended air exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-01T09:45:32","indexId":"70045161","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2655,"text":"Management of Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival and behavior of Chinese mystery snails (Bellamya chinensis) in response to simulated water body drawdowns and extended air exposure","docAbstract":"Nonnative invasive mollusks degrade aquatic ecosystems and induce economic losses worldwide. Extended air exposure through water body drawdown is one management action used for control. In North America, the Chinese mystery snail (Bellamya chinensis) is an invasive aquatic snail with an expanding range, but eradication methods for this species are not well documented. We assessed the ability of B. chinensis to survive different durations of air exposure, and observed behavioral responses prior to, during, and following desiccation events. Individual B. chinensis specimens survived air exposure in a laboratory setting for > 9 weeks, and survivorship was greater among adults than juveniles. Several B. chinensis specimens responded to desiccation by sealing their opercula and/or burrowing in mud substrate. Our results indicate that drawdowns alone may not be an effective means of eliminating B. chinensis. This study lays the groundwork for future management research that may determine the effectiveness of drawdowns when combined with factors such as extreme temperatures, predation, or molluscicides.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Management of Biological Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"REABIC","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2013.4.2.04","usgsCitation":"Unstad, K.M., Uden, D.R., Allen, C.R., Chaine, N.M., Haak, D.M., Kill, R.A., Pope, K.L., Stephen, B., and Wong, A., 2013, Survival and behavior of Chinese mystery snails (Bellamya chinensis) in response to simulated water body drawdowns and extended air exposure: Management of Biological Invasions, v. 4, no. 2, p. 123-127, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2013.4.2.04.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"127","ipdsId":"IP-044849","costCenters":[{"id":463,"text":"Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2013.4.2.04","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":272050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274326,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2013.4.2.04"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a1460e4b061e1bd53335f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Unstad, Kody M.","contributorId":28491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unstad","given":"Kody","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Uden, Daniel R.","contributorId":74258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uden","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chaine, Noelle M.","contributorId":48456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaine","given":"Noelle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haak, Danielle M.","contributorId":73078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haak","given":"Danielle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kill, Robert A.","contributorId":103538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kill","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687 kpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":1574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"kpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stephen, Bruce J.","contributorId":54862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephen","given":"Bruce J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wong, Alec","contributorId":79005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Alec","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70045856,"text":"70045856 - 2013 - Investigating the effects of point source and nonpoint source pollution on the water quality of the East River (Dongjiang) in South China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T14:25:21","indexId":"70045856","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating the effects of point source and nonpoint source pollution on the water quality of the East River (Dongjiang) in South China","docAbstract":"Understanding the physical processes of point source (PS) and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is critical to evaluate river water quality and identify major pollutant sources in a watershed. In this study, we used the physically-based hydrological/water quality model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool, to investigate the influence of PS and NPS pollution on the water quality of the East River (Dongjiang in Chinese) in southern China. Our results indicate that NPS pollution was the dominant contribution (>94%) to nutrient loads except for mineral phosphorus (50%). A comprehensive Water Quality Index (WQI) computed using eight key water quality variables demonstrates that water quality is better upstream than downstream despite the higher level of ammonium nitrogen found in upstream waters. Also, the temporal (seasonal) and spatial distributions of nutrient loads clearly indicate the critical time period (from late dry season to early wet season) and pollution source areas within the basin (middle and downstream agricultural lands), which resource managers can use to accomplish substantial reduction of NPS pollutant loadings. Overall, this study helps our understanding of the relationship between human activities and pollutant loads and further contributes to decision support for local watershed managers to protect water quality in this region. In particular, the methods presented such as integrating WQI with watershed modeling and identifying the critical time period and pollutions source areas can be valuable for other researchers worldwide.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.04.002","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., and Chen, J., 2013, Investigating the effects of point source and nonpoint source pollution on the water quality of the East River (Dongjiang) in South China: Ecological Indicators, v. 32, p. 294-304, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.04.002.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"294","endPage":"304","ipdsId":"IP-044856","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272011,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.04.002"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Dongjiang","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 73.5,18.2 ], [ 73.5,53.6 ], [ 134.8,53.6 ], [ 134.8,18.2 ], [ 73.5,18.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a145be4b061e1bd53333f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Yiping ywu@usgs.gov","contributorId":987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Yiping","email":"ywu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Ji","contributorId":101960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Ji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045855,"text":"70045855 - 2013 - Parallelization of a hydrological model using the message passing interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T14:33:07","indexId":"70045855","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parallelization of a hydrological model using the message passing interface","docAbstract":"With the increasing knowledge about the natural processes, hydrological models such as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) are becoming larger and more complex with increasing computation time. Additionally, other procedures such as model calibration, which may require thousands of model iterations, can increase running time and thus further reduce rapid modeling and analysis. Using the widely-applied SWAT as an example, this study demonstrates how to parallelize a serial hydrological model in a Windows® environment using a parallel programing technology—Message Passing Interface (MPI). With a case study, we derived the optimal values for the two parameters (the number of processes and the corresponding percentage of work to be distributed to the master process) of the parallel SWAT (P-SWAT) on an ordinary personal computer and a work station. Our study indicates that model execution time can be reduced by 42%–70% (or a speedup of 1.74–3.36) using multiple processes (two to five) with a proper task-distribution scheme (between the master and slave processes). Although the computation time cost becomes lower with an increasing number of processes (from two to five), this enhancement becomes less due to the accompanied increase in demand for message passing procedures between the master and all slave processes. Our case study demonstrates that the P-SWAT with a five-process run may reach the maximum speedup, and the performance can be quite stable (fairly independent of a project size). Overall, the P-SWAT can help reduce the computation time substantially for an individual model run, manual and automatic calibration procedures, and optimization of best management practices. In particular, the parallelization method we used and the scheme for deriving the optimal parameters in this study can be valuable and easily applied to other hydrological or environmental models.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Modelling and Software","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.02.002","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., Li, T., Sun, L., and Chen, J., 2013, Parallelization of a hydrological model using the message passing interface: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 43, p. 124-132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.02.002.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"132","ipdsId":"IP-044027","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272036,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272010,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.02.002"}],"volume":"43","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a145de4b061e1bd533347","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Yiping ywu@usgs.gov","contributorId":987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Yiping","email":"ywu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Tiejian","contributorId":25437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Tiejian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sun, Liqun","contributorId":18249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"Liqun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chen, Ji","contributorId":101960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Ji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}