{"pageNumber":"1514","pageRowStart":"37825","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46677,"records":[{"id":26605,"text":"wri864105 - 1987 - Water quality of Calero Reservoir, Santa Clara County, California, 1981-83","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:23","indexId":"wri864105","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4105","title":"Water quality of Calero Reservoir, Santa Clara County, California, 1981-83","docAbstract":"Data were collected from December 1980 to September 1983 to describe water quality conditions of Calero Reservoir and the Almaden-Calero canal, Santa Clara County, California. Results show that water in Calero Reservoir and the canal generally met water quality criteria, as identified by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board San Francisco Bay Region, for municipal and domestic supply, water contact and non-contact recreation, warm water fish habitat, wildlife habitat, and fish spawning. Water temperature profiles show that Calero Reservoir can be classified as a warm monomictic reservoir. Water transparency profiles showed rapid attenuation of light with depth in the water column. The depth of the euphotic zone ranged from .5 m to 5.0 m. In winter and spring, light-extinction values generally were high throughout the water column; in summer and fall, values generally were high near the reservoir bottom. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were < 5.0 mg/L in about 22% of the measurements. Median pH values were 7.9 in the reservoir and 8.4 in the canal. Mean specific conductance values were 299 microsiemens/cm at 25 C in the reservoir and 326 in the canal. Calcium and magnesium were the dominant cations and bicarbonate the dominant anion in Calero Reservoir. Concentrations of total recoverable mercury in the bottom sediments in Calero Reservoir ranged from 0.06 to 0.85 mg/kg, but concentrations in the water column were was generally < 1 mg/L. Mean total nitrogen concentration in the Reservoir was 1.00 mg/L, much of it in dissolved form (mean concentration was 0.85 mg/L). Mean total organic nitrogen concentration in Calero Reservoir was 0.65 mg/L, and mean total nitrate concentration was 0.21 mg/L. Mean total phosphorus and dissolved orthophosphorous concentrations were 0.05 and 0.019 mg/L, respectively. Net primary productivity in the euphotic zone ranged from -2,000 to 10,000 mg of oxygen/sq m/day; the median value was 930. Carlson 's trophic-state index, calculated using water transparency, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll-a values, indicated that the reservoir was eutrophic. Fecal coliform bacteria concentrations were < 20 colonies/100 ml in the reservoir and < 200 colonies/100 ml in the canal. Fecal streptococcal bacteria concentrations were generally < 45 colonies/100 ml in the reservoir and up to 260 colonies/100 ml in the canal. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864105","usgsCitation":"Clifton, D., and Gloege, I., 1987, Water quality of Calero Reservoir, Santa Clara County, California, 1981-83: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4105, v, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864105.","productDescription":"v, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4105/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55470,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4105/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9c49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clifton, D.G.","contributorId":103292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifton","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gloege, I.S.","contributorId":15238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gloege","given":"I.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25958,"text":"wri834247 - 1987 - Roughness coefficients for densely vegetated flood plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:25","indexId":"wri834247","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4247","title":"Roughness coefficients for densely vegetated flood plains","docAbstract":"Although much research has been done on Manning 's roughness coefficients for stream channels, very little has been done on the selection of roughness values for densely vegetated flood plains. In this report four method for determining roughness coefficients for flood plains are examined and evaluated. Field data were collected at 13 sites on wide, densely vegetated flood plains where verified n values were known. The ' vegetation density ' of representative sample areas was measured at each site for use in determining roughness coefficients. The vegetation density method, proved to be useful in determining n values for wide, densely wooded plains. By measuring the area occupied by tree trunks and vegetation in a representative sample area, the vegetation density can be determined. Using the vegetation density in an equation developed from Manning 's formula, the Manning 's n can be determined for the representative sample area. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834247","usgsCitation":"Arcement, G., and Schneider, V., 1987, Roughness coefficients for densely vegetated flood plains: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4247, viii, 62 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834247.","productDescription":"viii, 62 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4247/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54708,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4247/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe1ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arcement, G.J.","contributorId":59058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arcement","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, V.R.","contributorId":75129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"V.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28475,"text":"wri874085 - 1987 - Effect of grid size on digital simulation of ground-water flow in the southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri874085","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4085","title":"Effect of grid size on digital simulation of ground-water flow in the southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico","docAbstract":"Three models of the aquifer in the southern High Plains were compared to determine the effect of grid size on simulated water levels. The first model, calibrated prior to this study, had 10-mi grid spacing. The mean difference between the simulated and measured pre-development water levels in this model was +0.28 ft with a standard deviation of 25.8 ft. The second model, calibrated during this study independently of the first model, had 5-mi grid spacing. The mean difference between the simulated and measured pre-development water levels was -0.01 ft with a standard deviation of 44.4 ft. For 1980 water levels, the mean difference was +8.22 ft with a standard deviation of 27.9 ft. The results from the first and second models were compared. The standard deviation of the differences in simulated water levels was 19.0 ft for the pre-development period and 21.8 ft for 1980. There appeared to be no hydrologic significance to the pattern of the differences. A third model, constructed by aggregating the data from the second model, had 10-mi grid spacing. The mean difference in simulated pre-development water levels between the second and third models was +0.86 ft with a standard deviation of 8.9 ft. For the 1980 water levels, the mean difference between the models was +0.39 ft with a standard deviation of 4.4 ft. The study found that the same hydrologic conclusions would have been reached had 5-mi grid spacing or 10-mi grid spacing been used. It was further concluded that the difference in simulated water levels between models with 5-mi grid spacing or 10-mi grid spacing was five to six times smaller than the differences between the simulated and measured water levels. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874085","usgsCitation":"Luckey, R.R., and Stephens, D., 1987, Effect of grid size on digital simulation of ground-water flow in the southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4085, iv, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874085.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4085/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57275,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4085/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62565e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luckey, R. R.","contributorId":93055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luckey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, D.M.","contributorId":42970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29793,"text":"wri864037 - 1987 - Chemical quality of precipitation at Greenville, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:57","indexId":"wri864037","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4037","title":"Chemical quality of precipitation at Greenville, Maine","docAbstract":"Weekly composite precipitation samples were collected at a rural site located in Greenville, Maine for analysis of trace metals and organic compounds. Samples collected during February 1982, through May 1984, were analyzed for cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc and during February 1982, through March 1983, for chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, pthalate ester plasticizers, and polychlorinated biphenyls. Deposition rates were computed. Data reported by the NADP (National Atmospheric Deposition Program) was used to evaluate the general chemical quality of the precipitation. The precipitation had relatively high concentrations of hydrogen ions, sulfate, and nitrate, compared to other constituents. Of the trace metals included for analysis, only copper, lead, and zinc were consistently detected. Lead concentrations exceeded the U.S. EPA recommended limit for domestic water supply in three samples. High deposition rates for some of the metals were episodic. Alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane was the only organic compound that was consistently detected (maximum 120 nanograms/L). None of the other organic compounds were detected in any of the samples. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864037","usgsCitation":"Smath, J., and Potter, T., 1987, Chemical quality of precipitation at Greenville, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4037, vi, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864037.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4037/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58598,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4037/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bb49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smath, J.A.","contributorId":15174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smath","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Potter, T.L.","contributorId":75191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27093,"text":"wri874073 - 1987 - Estimation of streamflow characteristics and assessment of trends in the Niobrara River at Mariaville, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:36","indexId":"wri874073","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4073","title":"Estimation of streamflow characteristics and assessment of trends in the Niobrara River at Mariaville, Nebraska","docAbstract":"A computer model was used to synthesize a long-term streamflow record for the Niobrara River at Mariaville, Nebraska. The record was developed on the basis of 30-plus years of streamflow data from 3 upstream sites, and the U. S. Geological Survey 's CONROUT model was calibrated using 294 days of measured flow at Mariaville; for the calibration period, 87% of the synthesized daily discharges were within 15% of the measured values. The synthesized record was analyzed for trends in streamflow characteristics. A marked decrease in the average consecutive-day, low-flow discharges was detected after 1964, ranging between 162 cu ft/sec less for the 1-day low flow and 200 cu ft/sec less for the 14-day low flow. The decrease probably was caused by the start-up of operations at Merritt Reservoir. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874073","usgsCitation":"Fischer, E., 1987, Estimation of streamflow characteristics and assessment of trends in the Niobrara River at Mariaville, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4073, iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874073.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4073/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55959,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4073/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb188","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, E.E.","contributorId":102480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27456,"text":"wri874096 - 1987 - Magnitude and frequency of floods in rural and urban basins of North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T12:53:52","indexId":"wri874096","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4096","title":"Magnitude and frequency of floods in rural and urban basins of North Carolina","docAbstract":"The applicability of the nationwide urban flood relations in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain provinces is evaluated. Data for 254 gaging stations on rural streams with 10 or more years of record were used in multiple linear regression analyses with basin and climatic variables, to derive regional relations for estimating flood discharges having recurrence intervals of 2- to 100-years. Rural relations are presented for three hydrologic areas: (1) Blue Ridge-Piedmont, (2) Coastal Plain, and (3) Sand Hills. Drainage area is the only basin characteristic in the relations. The average standard error of estimate of the relations for the Blue Ridge-Piedmont, Coastal Plain, and Sand Hills hydrologic areas is 44, 39, and 24%, respectively. Flood discharges for the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals for the 254 streamflow stations used in the regionalization study are also presented. Flood frequency distributions of simulated annual maximum discharges for four urban basins in the Coastal Plain indicate that the nationwide relations are applicable in the province. The root mean squared error for the 10- and 100-year flood discharges, using the nationwide relations, is 44% and 49%, respectively. Simulated data for six sites in the Piedmont were used to analyze the applicability of the nationwide urban relations in the province. The root mean squared error is 64% for the 10-year flood and 42% for the 100-year flood. No recommendation is made concerning use of the nationwide relations in the Piedmont.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874096","usgsCitation":"Gunter, H., Mason, R., and Stamey, T.C., 1987, Magnitude and frequency of floods in rural and urban basins of North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4096, vii, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874096.","productDescription":"vii, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4096/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56317,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4096/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Coastal Plain, Piedmont 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C.","contributorId":95496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamey","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27738,"text":"wri874035 - 1987 - Changes in water quality of Michigan streams near urban areas, 1973-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:28:49","indexId":"wri874035","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4035","title":"Changes in water quality of Michigan streams near urban areas, 1973-84","docAbstract":"<p>Monthly water-quality monitoring of streams was begun by Michigan Department of Natural Resources in 1973 to (1) determine temporal and spatial variability, (2) detect long-term trends, and (3) describe changes in water quality near urban areas. This report provides a statistical analysis and summary of data collected from 1973 through 1984. Concentrations and discharges of nine commonly measured water-quality constituents and specific conductance are examined. Twenty-three sites on inland streams (streams draining basins wholly within Michigan) and 20 sites on Detroit River are discussed. The changes in water quality in 9 rivers near 12 urban areas in Michigan's southern Lower Peninsula and the relation between streamflow and selected waterquality characteristics, including phosphorus, chloride, sulfate, nitrogen, specific conductance, and solid residues are described. </p><p>Results show that the median dissolved-solids concentration in Clinton River downstream from Pontiac exceed Michigan's 1986 stream water-quality standard. Among inland streams, constituent concentrations and discharges generally were greatest in Saginaw River and least in Grand River upstream from Jackson. Upstream from Detroit, constituent concentrations in Detroit River did not differ appreciably across the Windmill Point Transect; downstream from Detroit, at the Fermi Transect across Detroit River, most constituent concentrations were higher near the American and Canadian shorelines. Among urban areas, greatest changes in constituent concentrations occurred in the Grand River near Jackson, in the Clinton River near Pontiac, and in the Tittabawassee River near Midland; the least changes in constituent concentrations occurred in the Saginaw River near Saginaw, in Detroit River near Detroit and the Kalamazoo River near Battle Creek. Greatest changes in constituent discharges occurred in the Detroit River near the Detroit area; the least occurred in the Chippewa River near Mount Pleasant. </p><p>Of the 230 regressions between streamflow and constituent concentrations in inland streams, about 73 percent were significant at the 5-percent level. The degree of the correlation and nature of the relation varied among sites and constituents. Generally, higher streamflows were associated with lower concentrations. Changes in streamflow and changes in constituent concentrations near urban areas were correlated in 57 percent of the 120 analyses. Generally, higher changes in streamflow were associated with lower changes in concentrations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri874035","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Surface Water Quality Division","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D., 1987, Changes in water quality of Michigan streams near urban areas, 1973-84: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4035, vii, 120 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874035.","productDescription":"vii, 120 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56584,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4035/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4035/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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J. 0000-0001-5185-4928","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":102493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":50779,"text":"ofr87313 - 1987 - Issues in digital cartographic data standards; Report 9; A final bibliography for digital data standards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:35","indexId":"ofr87313","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-313","title":"Issues in digital cartographic data standards; Report 9; A final bibliography for digital data standards","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr87313","usgsCitation":"Moellering, H., 1987, Issues in digital cartographic data standards; Report 9; A final bibliography for digital data standards: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-313, 71 p.; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87313.","productDescription":"71 p.; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0313/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86347,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0313/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667010","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moellering, Harold","contributorId":71626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moellering","given":"Harold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":54335,"text":"wdrIL862 - 1987 - Water Resources Data, Illinois, Water Year 1986, Vol. 2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:51","indexId":"wdrIL862","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"IL-86-2","title":"Water Resources Data, Illinois, Water Year 1986, Vol. 2","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrIL862","usgsCitation":"Fitzgerald, K.K., Hayes, P., Richards, T., and Stahl, R., 1987, Water Resources Data, Illinois, Water Year 1986, Vol. 2: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IL-86-2, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIL862.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb941","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzgerald, K. K.","contributorId":34501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, P.D.","contributorId":52644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richards, T.E.","contributorId":64718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stahl, R.L.","contributorId":35798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahl","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":54334,"text":"wdrIL861 - 1987 - Water Resources Data, Illinois, Water Year 1986, Vol. 1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:51","indexId":"wdrIL861","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"IL-86-1","title":"Water Resources Data, Illinois, Water Year 1986, Vol. 1","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrIL861","usgsCitation":"Stahl, R., Fitzgerald, K.K., Richards, T., and Hayes, P., 1987, Water Resources Data, Illinois, Water Year 1986, Vol. 1: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IL-86-1, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIL861.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb93d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stahl, R.L.","contributorId":35798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahl","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzgerald, K. K.","contributorId":34501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richards, T.E.","contributorId":64718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, P.D.","contributorId":52644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":2655,"text":"wsp2234D - 1987 - A flow-simulation model of the tidal Potomac River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T21:32:44.82146","indexId":"wsp2234D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2234","chapter":"D","title":"A flow-simulation model of the tidal Potomac River","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional model capable of simulating flow in a network of interconnected channels has been applied to the tidal Potomac River including its major tributaries and embayments between Washington, D.C., and Indian Head, Md. The model can be used to compute water-surface elevations and flow discharges at any of 66 predetermined locations or at any alternative river cross sections definable within the network of channels. In addition, the model can be used to provide tidal-interchange flow volumes and to evaluate tidal excursions and the flushing properties of the riverine system. Comparisons of model-computed results with measured watersurface elevations and discharges demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the model. Tidal-cycle flow volumes computed by the calibrated model have been verified to be within an accuracy of ? 10 percent. Quantitative characteristics of the hydrodynamics of the tidal river are identified and discussed. The comprehensive flow data provided by the model can be used to better understand the geochemical, biological, and other processes affecting the river's water quality.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A water quality study of the tidal Potomac River and Estuary","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2234D","usgsCitation":"Schaffranek, R.W., 1987, A flow-simulation model of the tidal Potomac River: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2234, vi, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2234D.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424352,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25336.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":28978,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138208,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"tidal Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.35734700645138,\n              39.082621721559036\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.35734700645138,\n              37.95253421635698\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.40863401983675,\n              37.95253421635698\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.40863401983675,\n              39.082621721559036\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.35734700645138,\n              39.082621721559036\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae5fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaffranek, Raymond W.","contributorId":86314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3589,"text":"cir1011 - 1987 - The National Geographic Names Data Base: Phase II instructions","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20340,"text":"ofr8436 - 1984 - The National Geographic Names Data Base; phase II instructions","indexId":"ofr8436","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"The National Geographic Names Data Base; phase II instructions"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3589,"text":"cir1011 - 1987 - The National Geographic Names Data Base: Phase II instructions","indexId":"cir1011","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"The National Geographic Names Data Base: Phase II instructions"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-29T12:41:22","indexId":"cir1011","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1011","title":"The National Geographic Names Data Base: Phase II instructions","docAbstract":"The Geographic Names Information System is a computer-based information system developed to meet major national needs by providing information for named entities in the United States, its territories, and outlying areas. The National Geographic Names Data Base, a component of the Geographic Names Information System, currently contains most names and associated information recorded on the 1:24,000-scale (or largest scale available) topographic maps of the U.S. Geological Survey. The work involved in this initial compilation of names shown on the topographic-map series, and the development and editing of the National Geographic Names Data Base, is referred to as Phase I. Optimal use and effectiveness of an automated names system require that the names of features\nnot recorded on topographic maps be added. The systematic collection of names from other sources, including maps, charts, and texts, is termed Phase II. In addition, specific types of features not compiled during Phase I are encoded and added to the data base. Other names of importance to researchers and users, such as historical and variant names, are also included. The rules and procedures for Phase II research, compilation, and encoding are contained in this publication.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1011","usgsCitation":"Orth, D., and Payne, R.L., 1987, The National Geographic Names Data Base: Phase II instructions: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1011, v, 133 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1011.","productDescription":"v, 133 p.","numberOfPages":"139","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1011/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":271078,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1011/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b051","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orth, Donald J.","contributorId":8088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orth","given":"Donald J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Payne, Roger L.","contributorId":68712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1901,"text":"wsp2314 - 1987 - Monthly streamflow and ground-water conditions in the United States and southern Canada, water years, 1945-85","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:23","indexId":"wsp2314","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2314","title":"Monthly streamflow and ground-water conditions in the United States and southern Canada, water years, 1945-85","docAbstract":"The Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey has been measuring streamflow since 1888 and collecting ground-water data since 1894. The monthly publication Water Resources Review (now National Water Conditions) was established in water year 1945 to provide information quickly to the public on the status of surface- and ground-water resources of the Nation. Each monthly issue contains a map depicting the status of water conditions relative to normal for that month. \r\n\r\nThis report presents these maps and a synopsis of surface and ground-water conditions for the last 41 water years (194585); a water year begins October 1 and ends September 30 of the following year.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2314","usgsCitation":"Holmes, S.L., 1987, Monthly streamflow and ground-water conditions in the United States and southern Canada, water years, 1945-85: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2314, xv, 250 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2314.","productDescription":"xv, 250 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2314/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27197,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2314/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e76ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Sandra L.","contributorId":106873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3408,"text":"cir916 - 1987 - Summary mineral resource appraisal of the Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, west-central Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-30T19:47:30.969513","indexId":"cir916","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"916","title":"Summary mineral resource appraisal of the Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, west-central Utah","docAbstract":"<p>The mineral resource potential of the Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, Utah, has been appraised using geological, geophysical, geochemical, and remote-sensing techniques. These studies have led to many publications giving basic data and interpretations; of these, a series of 18 maps at 1:250,000 and 1:500,000 scales summarizing aspects of the geology, geophysics, geochemistry, and remote sensing is designated the CUSMAP (Conterminous United States Mineral Appraisal Program) folio. This circular uses the data shown on these maps to appraise the mineral resource potential of the quadrangle. The oldest rocks exposed in the Richfield quadrangle are small patches of Early Proterozoic (1.7 billion years old) gneiss and schist on the west side of the Mineral Mountains. These rocks presumably formed the basement on which many thousands of meters of Late Proterozoic, Paleozoic, and lower Mesozoic sedimentary strata were deposited. These rocks were deformed during the Late Cretaceous Sevier orogeny when Precambrian and Paleozoic strata in the western part of the quadrangle were thrust relatively eastward across Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata in the eastern part of the quadrangle. Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary highlands above the overthrust belt were eroded and much of the debris was deposited in broad basins east of the belt. Volcanism in Oligocene and earliest Miocene time formed an east-northeast-trending belt of calcalkalic volcanoes across the southern half of the quadrangle. In early Miocene time, the composition of the volcanic rocks changed to a bimodal assemblage of mafic rocks and high-silica alkali rhyolite that has been erupted episodically ever since. Syngenetic mineral resources developed during formation of both sedimentary and volcanic rocks. These include limestone and dolomite, silica-rich sandstone, metalliferous black shale, evaporite deposits, zeolite deposits, pumice, cinders and scoria, and evaporitic or diagenetic deposits in playa environments. Most of these deposits need to have markets established, or extraction and fabrication techniques developed, for them to be utilized. Most epigenetic deposits are of volcanogenic-hydrothermal origin. Deposits associated with calc-alkalic igneous activity largely contain Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, and Ag, and occur in a variety of types zoned around core intrusions. Younger deposits are mostly associated with silicic igneous centers belonging to the bimodal mafic-silicic igneous association. Resources associated with this latter group are likely to contain one or more of the elements Mo, W, U, Sn, Be, and F, as well as Pb, Zn, Au, and Ag. Alunite and kaolinite deposits are found at many mineralized centers. Most epigenetically mineralized areas expose only the upper, near-surface parts of the different hydrothermal systems; most of whatever mineral deposits formed in these systems probably still exist at depth, awaiting discovery. Our conclusion is that many mineralized areas have excellent possibilities for the occurrence of mineral resources. Each of the many identified centers of mineralization is discussed briefly in this report and an estimate made of its resource potential.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir916","usgsCitation":"Steven, T.A., and Morris, H., 1987, Summary mineral resource appraisal of the Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle, west-central Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 916, iii, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir916.","productDescription":"iii, 24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30426,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/0916/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/0916/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":390077,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23991.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -112,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -112,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -114,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -114,\n              38\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6995b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steven, Thomas August","contributorId":73174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steven","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"August","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morris, Hal T.","contributorId":71960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Hal T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1879,"text":"wsp2234G - 1987 - Loads of suspended sediment and nutrients from local nonpoint sources to the tidal Potomac River and Estuary, Maryland and Virginia, 1979-81 water years","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14096,"text":"ofr84860 - 1984 - Loads of suspended sediment and nutrients from local nonpoint sources to the tidal Potomac River and Estuary, Maryland and Virginia, 1979-81 water years","indexId":"ofr84860","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Loads of suspended sediment and nutrients from local nonpoint sources to the tidal Potomac River and Estuary, Maryland and Virginia, 1979-81 water years"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1879,"text":"wsp2234G - 1987 - Loads of suspended sediment and nutrients from local nonpoint sources to the tidal Potomac River and Estuary, Maryland and Virginia, 1979-81 water years","indexId":"wsp2234G","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Loads of suspended sediment and nutrients from local nonpoint sources to the tidal Potomac River and Estuary, Maryland and Virginia, 1979-81 water years"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:22","indexId":"wsp2234G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2234","chapter":"G","title":"Loads of suspended sediment and nutrients from local nonpoint sources to the tidal Potomac River and Estuary, Maryland and Virginia, 1979-81 water years","docAbstract":"Loads of suspended sediment, phosphorus, nitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand, and dissolved silica discharged to the tidal Potomac River and Estuary during the !979-81 water years from three local nonpoint sources have been calculated. The loads in rain falling directly upon the tidal water surface and from overflows of the combined sewer system of the District of Columbia were determined from available information. Loads of materials in the streamflow from local watersheds draining directly to the tidal Potomac River and Estuary downstream from Chain Bridge in Washington, D.C., were calculated from samples of streamflow leaving five monitored watersheds. \r\n\r\nAverage annual yields of substances leaving three urban watersheds (Rock Creek and the Northwest and Northeast Branches of the Anacostia River) and the rural Saint Clements Creek watershed were calculated either by developing relationships between concentration and streamflow or by using the mean of measured concentrations. Yields calculated for the 1979-81 water years are up to 2.3 times period-of-record yields because of greater than average streamflow and stormflow during this 3-year period. \r\n\r\nPeriod-of-record yields of suspended sediment from the three urban watersheds and the Saint Clements Creek watershed do not agree with yields reported by other studies. The yields from the urban watersheds are 17 to 51 percent of yields calculated using sediment-concentration data collected during the 1960-62 water years. Previous studies suggest that this decrease is at least partly due to the imposition of effective sediment controls at construction sites and to the construction of two multipurpose reservoirs. The yield calculated for the rural Saint Clements Creek watershed is at least twice the yields calculated for other rural watersheds, a result that may be due to most of the samples of this stream being taken during the summer of the 1981 water year, a very dry period. \r\n\r\nLoads discharged from all local tributary watersheds to the tidal Potomac River and Estuary during the 1979-81 water years were calculated by applying to the unsampled watersheds the yields determined for the monitored watersheds. The \r\nresulting loads are 2.7 million megagrams of suspended sedi- ment, 3,100 megagrams of phosphorus, 14,000 megagrams of nitrogen, 74,000 megagrams of ultimate biochemical oxygen demand, and 68,000 megagrams of dissolved silica. The value for the load of sediment is probably an overestimate because the sediment yield calculated for the Saint Clements Creek watershed does not appear to be representative of rural watersheds. \r\n\r\nSummed, the loads discharged from all local nonpoint sources (local tributary watersheds, rainfall, and combined sewer overflows) to the tidal Potomac River and Estuary during the 1979-81 water years are 2.7 million megagrams of suspended sediment, 3,300 megagrams of phosphorus, 18,000 megagrams of nitrogen, 78,000 megagrams of ultimate biochemical oxygen demand, and 69,000 megagrams of dissolved silica. These loads accounted for 17 to 38 percent of the loads discharged by major sources during this period.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2234G","usgsCitation":"Hickman, R.E., 1987, Loads of suspended sediment and nutrients from local nonpoint sources to the tidal Potomac River and Estuary, Maryland and Virginia, 1979-81 water years: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2234, vii, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2234G.","productDescription":"vii, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234g/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27167,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234g/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a68e4b07f02db63b1db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickman, R. Edward 0000-0001-5160-3723 whickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5160-3723","contributorId":3153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"R.","email":"whickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":144296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2395,"text":"wsp2312 - 1987 - Geohydrology of the unsaturated zone at the burial site for low-level radioactive waste near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15210,"text":"ofr85198 - 1986 - Geohydrology of the unsaturated zone at the burial site for low-level radioactive waste near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada","indexId":"ofr85198","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrology of the unsaturated zone at the burial site for low-level radioactive waste near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2395,"text":"wsp2312 - 1987 - Geohydrology of the unsaturated zone at the burial site for low-level radioactive waste near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada","indexId":"wsp2312","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrology of the unsaturated zone at the burial site for low-level radioactive waste near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T08:41:29","indexId":"wsp2312","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2312","title":"Geohydrology of the unsaturated zone at the burial site for low-level radioactive waste near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>Low-level radioactive solid waste has been buried in trenches at a site near Beatty, Nev., since 1962. In 1976, as part of a national program, the U.S. Geological Survey began a study of the geohydrology of the waste-burial site to provide a basis for estimating the potential for radionuclide migration in the unsaturated zone beneath the waste-burial trenches. Data collected include meteorological information for calibration of a long-term water-budget analysis, soil-moisture profiles, soil-water potentials, and hydraulic properties of representative unsaturated sediment samples to a depth of about 10 meters (m).</p><p>The waste-burial facility is in the northern Amargosa Desert about 170 kilometers (km) northwest of Las Vegas, Nevo The region is arid; mean annual precipitation at Lathrop Wells, 30 km south of the site, is only 7.4 centimeters (cm). The mean daily maximum temperature at Lathrop Wells in July, the hottest month, is 37 <span class=\"_Tgc _s8w\"><strong>°</strong></span><span class=\"_Tgc _s8w\"><strong></strong></span>C. The site is underlain by poorly stratified deposits of gravelly or silty sand and sandy gravel, and thick beds of clayey sediments. The total thickness of valley-fill deposits beneath the site is about 175 m; the unsaturated zone is about 85 m thick. Volumetric soil moisture to depths of 4 m ranges from 4 to 10 percent but commonly is in the range of 6 to 8 percent. Soil-water potential, measured to depths of 3 to 10 m, ranged from -10 to -70 bars. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity computed from laboratory analyses of representative samples ranges from 10<sup>-13</sup> to 10<sup>-14</sup> centimeters per day (cm/d).</p><p>Evaporation studies over a 2-year (yr) period were used to calibrate a numerical procedure for analyzing long-term precipitation data and estimating annual water budgets during the 15-yr period 1962-76. This analysis (1) demonstrated that a potential exists for deep percolation (greater than 2 m), despite high annual evaporation demands, and (2) provided predictions of the time of year and the antecedent conditions that enhance the probability of deep percolation. Soil-moisture profiles obtained monthly over an 18-month (mo) period demonstrate that deep percolation does occur. Soil-moisture conditions antecedent to an observed deep-percolation event, and the time of year when the percolation occurred, support the interpretations based on long-term meteorological records.</p><p>Calculation of downward moisture movement through the waste-trench backfill material, on the basis of simplified assumptions, suggests that moisture could have penetrated as much as 6 m below land surface from 1963, when the oldest trenches were closed, to 1980, but that the moisture requirement for such penetration far exceeded the amount of moisture actually available. Steady-state downward movement of moisture at depths greater than 10 m and beneath the waste-burial trenches would be on the order of 4 cm per 1,000 yr, assuming a steady flux rate of 1x10<sup>-5</sup> cm/d.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2312","usgsCitation":"Nichols, W., 1987, Geohydrology of the unsaturated zone at the burial site for low-level radioactive waste near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2312, Report: v, 57 p.; 1 Plate: 20.00 x 28.53 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2312.","productDescription":"Report: v, 57 p.; 1 Plate: 20.00 x 28.53 inches","numberOfPages":"66","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2312/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28372,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2312/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28373,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2312/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","city":"Beatty","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a87f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, William D.","contributorId":98296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"William D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3025,"text":"wsp2272 - 1987 - Quality of ground water in Idaho","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":11777,"text":"ofr8350 - 1984 - Quality of ground water in Idaho","indexId":"ofr8350","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Quality of ground water in Idaho"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3025,"text":"wsp2272 - 1987 - Quality of ground water in Idaho","indexId":"wsp2272","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Quality of ground water in Idaho"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":15414,"text":"ofr8550 - 1985 - Nearshore marine geologic investigations, Point Barrow to Skull Cliff, Northeast Chukchi Sea","indexId":"ofr8550","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Nearshore marine geologic investigations, Point Barrow to Skull Cliff, Northeast Chukchi Sea"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3025,"text":"wsp2272 - 1987 - Quality of ground water in Idaho","indexId":"wsp2272","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Quality of ground water in Idaho"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:45","indexId":"wsp2272","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2272","title":"Quality of ground water in Idaho","docAbstract":"The major aquifers in Idaho are categorized under two rock types, sedimentary and volcanic, and are grouped into six hydrologic basins. Areas with adequate, minimally adequate, or deficient data available for groundwater-quality evaluations are described. \r\n\r\nWide variations in chemical concentrations in the water occur within individual aquifers, as well as among the aquifers. The existing data base is not sufficient to describe fully the ground-water quality throughout the State; however, it does indicate that the water is generally suitable for most uses. In some aquifers, concentrations of fluoride, cadmium, and iron in the water exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's drinking-water standards. Dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate may cause problems in some local areas. Water-quality data are sparse in many areas, and only general statements can be made regarding the areal distribution of chemical constituents. Few data are available to describe temporal variations of water quality in the aquifers. \r\n\r\nPrimary concerns related to special problem areas in Idaho include (1) protection of water quality in the Rathdrum Prairie aquifer, (2) potential degradation of water quality in the Boise-Nampa area, (3) effects of widespread use of drain wells overlying the eastern Snake River Plain basalt aquifer, and (4) disposal of low-level radioactive wastes at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. \r\n\r\nShortcomings in the ground-water-quality data base are categorized as (1) multiaquifer sample inadequacy, (2) constituent coverage limitations, (3) baseline-data deficiencies, and (4) data-base nonuniformity.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2272","usgsCitation":"Yee, J., and Souza, W.R., 1987, Quality of ground water in Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2272, iv, 53 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2272.","productDescription":"iv, 53 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2272/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29856,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2272/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a73e4b07f02db643973","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yee, Johnson J.","contributorId":13612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Johnson J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Souza, William R.","contributorId":90295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Souza","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2220,"text":"wsp2291 - 1987 - Statistical analysis of surface-water-quality data in and near the coal-mining region of southwestern Indiana, 1957-80","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T09:14:05","indexId":"wsp2291","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2291","title":"Statistical analysis of surface-water-quality data in and near the coal-mining region of southwestern Indiana, 1957-80","docAbstract":"<p>The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 requires that applications for coal-mining permits contain information about the water quality of streams at and near a proposed mine. To meet this need for information, streamflow, specific conductance, pH, and concentrations of total alkalinity, sulfate, dissolved solids, suspended solids, total iron, and total manganese at 37 stations were analyzed to determine the spatial and seasonal variations in water quality and to develop equations for predicting water quality. The season of lowest median streamflow was related to the size of the drainage area. Median streamflow was least during fall at 15 of 16 stations having drainage areas greater than 1,000 square miles but was least during summer at 17 of 21 stations having drainage areas less than 1,000 square miles. In general, the season of lowest median specific conductance occurred during the season of highest streamflow except at stations on the Wabash River. Median specific conductance was least during summer at 9 of 9 stations on the Wabash River, but was least during winter or spring (the seasons of highest streamflow) at 27 of the remaining 28 stations. Linear, inverse, semilog, log-log, and hyperbolic regression models were used to investigate the functional relations between water-quality characteristics and streamflow. Of 186 relations investigated, 143 were statistically significant. Specific conductance and concentrations of total alkalinity and sulfate were negatively related to streamflow at all stations except for a positive relation between total alkalinity concentration and streamflow at Patoka River near Princeton. Concentrations of total alkalinity and sulfate were positively related to specific conductance at all stations except for a negative relation at Patoka River near Princeton and for a positive and negative relation at Patoka River at Jasper. Most of these relations are good, have small confidence intervals, and will give reliable predictions of the water-quality variables listed above. The poorest relations are typically at stations in the Patoka River watershed. Suspended-solids concentration was positively related to streamflow at all but two stations on the Patoka River. These relations are poor, have large confidence intervals, and will give less reliable predictions of suspended-solids concentration. Predictive equations for the regional relations between dissolved-solids concentration and specific conductance and between sulfate concentration and specific conductance, and the seasonal patterns of water quality, are probably valid for the coal-mining regions of Illinois and western Kentucky.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2291","usgsCitation":"Martin, J.D., and Crawford, C.G., 1987, Statistical analysis of surface-water-quality data in and near the coal-mining region of southwestern Indiana, 1957-80: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2291, vi, 92 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2291.","productDescription":"vi, 92 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"98","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2291/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27969,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2291/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Benton, Clay, Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Fountain, Gibson, Greene, Knox, Lawrence, Martin, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Orange, Owen, Parke, Perry, Pike, Posey, Putnam, Spencer, Sullivan, Tippecanoe, Vanderburgh, Vermillion, Vigo, Warren, 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Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1994-5285 jdmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-5285","contributorId":1066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":144840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science 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,{"id":2672,"text":"wsp2294 - 1987 - Hydrologic unit maps","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":11086,"text":"ofr84708 - 1984 - State hydrologic unit maps","indexId":"ofr84708","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"State hydrologic unit maps"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2672,"text":"wsp2294 - 1987 - Hydrologic unit maps","indexId":"wsp2294","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic unit maps"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-12T16:30:51.823743","indexId":"wsp2294","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2294","title":"Hydrologic unit maps","docAbstract":"A set of maps depicting approved boundaries of, and numerical codes for, river-basin units of the United States has been developed by the U.S . Geological Survey. These 'Hydrologic Unit Maps' are four-color maps that present information on drainage, culture, hydrography, and hydrologic boundaries and codes of (1) the 21 major water-resources regions and the 222 subregions designated by the U.S . Water Resources Council, (2) the 352 accounting units of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Data Network, and (3) the 2,149 cataloging units of the U.S . Geological Survey's 'Catalog of information on Water Data:' The maps are plotted on the Geological Survey State base-map series at a scale of 1 :500,000 and, except for Alaska, depict hydrologic unit boundaries for all drainage basins greater than 700 square miles (1,813 square kilometers). A complete list of all the hydrologic units, along with their drainage areas, their names, and the names of the States or outlying areas in which they reside, is contained in the report.\r\n\r\nThese maps and associated codes provide a standardized base for use by water-resources organizations in locating, storing, retrieving, and exchanging hydrologic data, in indexing and inventorying hydrologic data and information, in cataloging water-data acquisition activities, and in a variety of other applications. Because the maps have undergone extensive review by all principal Federal, regional, and State water-resource agencies, they are widely accepted for use in planning and describing water-use and related land-use activities, and in geographically organizing hydrologic data . Examples of these uses are given in the report . The hydrologic unit codes shown on the maps have been approved as a Federal Information Processing Standard for use by the Federal establishment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2294","usgsCitation":"Seaber, P.R., Kapinos, F., and Knapp, G.L., 1987, Hydrologic unit maps: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2294, iii, 63 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.; 1 plate in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2294.","productDescription":"iii, 63 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.; 1 plate in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138259,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":35,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/wsp2294/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258460,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2294/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4814e4b07f02db4dab42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seaber, Paul R.","contributorId":67492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seaber","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kapinos, F. Paul","contributorId":42581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kapinos","given":"F. Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knapp, George L.","contributorId":93466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knapp","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":4234,"text":"cir986 - 1987 - The Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program: Background information to accompany folio of geologic and mineral resource maps of the Circle quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-22T13:53:20.564963","indexId":"cir986","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"986","title":"The Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program: Background information to accompany folio of geologic and mineral resource maps of the Circle quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The geology, geochemistry, geophysics, and Landsat imagery of the Circle quadrangle were investigated by an interdisciplinary research team for the purpose of assessing the mineral potential of the area. The quadrangle covers approximately 15,765 km<sup>2</sup> in east-central Alaska; most of it is included in the mountainous Yukon-Tanana Upland physiographic division, but the northernmost part is in the low-lying Yukon Flats section. The Circle mining district, in the east-central part of the quadrangle, has been a major producing area of placer gold since its discovery in 1893. </p><p>For descriptive purposes, the Circle quadrangle is divided into three areas: the northwest Circle quadrangle, the area north of the Tintina fault zone, and the area south of the Tintina fault zone. The Tintina fault zone extends northwesterly through the northern part of the quadrangle. The northwest Circle quadrangle contains mostly folded and faulted, slightly metamorphosed sedimentary rocks that are intruded by Tertiary granitic plutons. In the northern part of the area north of the Tintina fault zone (Little Crazy Mountains and northern east Crazy Mountains), the rocks consist primarily of the gabbro and basalt of the Circle Volcanics and minor associated chert, graywacke, and limestone. Elsewhere in this area (south of the Circle Volcanics and in the western Crazy Mountains), the rocks are mostly slightly metamorphosed Paleozoic sedimentary rocks that have been folded and faulted. Rocks in the largest part of the quadrangle, the area south of the Tintina fault zone, consist largely of pelitic rocks that are regionally metamorphosed to greenschist and amphibolite facies. Felsic plutons, mostly Tertiary in age, occur throughout the area. The metamorphic rocks are separated from sedimentary rocks on the northwest by thrust faulting. </p><p>The aeromagnetic and gravity data show clear differences between the areas north and south of the Tintina fault zone. The metamorphic terrane to the south has low overall gravity and local gravity lows over exposed granitic plutons. It is hypothesized that magnetic chlorite schist infolded with nonmagnetic quartzite and schist account for east-northeast-trending magnetic highs that approximately parallel the regional strike of the most prominent foliation in the metamorphic rocks. North of the Tintina fault zone, the Circle Volcanics are characterized by high gravity and east-west-trending magnetic highs. The Tintina fault zone has an intense magnetic high near the western margin of the Circle quadrangle overlying the magnetic granodiorite of the Victoria Mountain pluton. A magnetic high near Circle Hot Springs is less intense, but broader, and could reflect a buried magnetic pluton similar to that of the Victoria Mountain pluton. </p><p>Computer-enhanced Landsat images of the Circle quadrangle show trends and patterns of concentrations of linear features. Features trending northeast-southwest predominate throughout the quadrangle; northwest-southeast-trending linear features are found mostly south of the Tintina fault zone. High concentrations of linear features were not found to correspond to areas of known mineralization in any consistent or significant way that could presently be used in locating areas of mineralization. Geochemical and mineralogical studies of stream sediment and heavy-mineral concentrates from the Circle quadrangle identify areas of anomalous concentrations of metallic elements, including gold, silver, tin, tungsten, lead, antimony, zinc, thorium, uranium, and beryllium. The data delineate areas of known mineral occurrences and areas that may contain undiscovered mineral resources. </p><p>To date, placer gold has been the only significant metallic mineral resource from the Circle quadrangle, but the general geologic setting, especially the presence of post-orogenic plutons, is similar to that of regions that contain tin greisen deposits, tungsten skarn deposits, lode gold deposits in metasedimentary rocks, and uranium vein deposits. Six areas or tracts were identified in which such deposits might occur, and two more tracts were delineated as possible for the occurrence of shale-hosted Lead-zinc deposits. The discovery of two diamonds in the gravels of Cooked Creek point to the slight possibility of finding placer or lode diamond deposits.&nbsp;</p><p>Although most of the past and present gold mining has taken place in four areas in the quadrangle, a sedimentary basin near the town of Central was identified as possibly containing buried placer gold deposits or sedimentary uranium deposits.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir986","usgsCitation":"Foster, H.L., Menzie, W., Cady, J.W., Simpson, S.L., Aleinikoff, J.N., Wilson, F.H., and Tripp, R.B., 1987, The Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program: Background information to accompany folio of geologic and mineral resource maps of the Circle quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 986, iii, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir986.","productDescription":"iii, 22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31348,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/0986/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139315,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/0986/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":391760,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24147.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Circle quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -147,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -144,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -144,\n              66\n            ],\n            [\n              -147,\n              66\n            ],\n            [\n              -147,\n              65\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6834b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, Helen Laura","contributorId":21936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menzie, W. D.","contributorId":52916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"W. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cady, J. W.","contributorId":81892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cady","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simpson, S. L.","contributorId":46508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aleinikoff, J. N. 0000-0003-3494-6841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":75132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":148510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tripp, R. B.","contributorId":88707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tripp","given":"R.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":2265,"text":"wsp2303 - 1987 - Analysis of surface-water data network in Kansas for effectiveness in providing regional streamflow information; with a section on theory and application of generalized least squares","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14939,"text":"ofr85680 - 1985 - Analysis of surface-water data network in Kansas for effectiveness in providing regional streamflow information","indexId":"ofr85680","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Analysis of surface-water data network in Kansas for effectiveness in providing regional streamflow information"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2265,"text":"wsp2303 - 1987 - Analysis of surface-water data network in Kansas for effectiveness in providing regional streamflow information; with a section on theory and application of generalized least squares","indexId":"wsp2303","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Analysis of surface-water data network in Kansas for effectiveness in providing regional streamflow information; with a section on theory and application of generalized least squares"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:20","indexId":"wsp2303","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2303","title":"Analysis of surface-water data network in Kansas for effectiveness in providing regional streamflow information; with a section on theory and application of generalized least squares","docAbstract":"This report documents the results of an analysis of the surface-water data network in Kansas for its effectiveness in providing regional streamflow information. The network was analyzed using generalized least squares regression. The correlation and time-sampling error of the streamflow characteristic are considered in the generalized least squares method. Unregulated medium-, low-, and high-flow characteristics were selected to be representative of the regional information that can be obtained from streamflow-gaging-station records for use in evaluating the effectiveness of continuing the present network stations, discontinuing some stations, and (or) adding new stations. The analysis used streamflow records for all currently operated stations that were not affected by regulation and for discontinued stations for which unregulated flow characteristics, as well as physical and climatic characteristics, were available. The State was divided into three network areas, western, northeastern, and southeastern Kansas, and analysis was made for the three streamflow characteristics in each area, using three planning horizons. \r\n\r\nThe analysis showed that the maximum reduction of sampling mean-square error for each cost level could be obtained by adding new stations and discontinuing some current network stations. Large reductions in sampling mean-square error for low-flow information could be achieved in all three network areas, the reduction in western Kansas being the most dramatic. The addition of new stations would be most beneficial for mean-flow information in western Kansas. The reduction of sampling mean-square error for high-flow information would benefit most from the addition of new stations in western Kansas. Southeastern Kansas showed the smallest error reduction in high-flow information. A comparison among all three network areas indicated that funding resources could be most effectively used by discontinuing more stations in northeastern and southeastern Kansas and establishing more new stations in western Kansas.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2303","usgsCitation":"Medina, K., and Tasker, G.D., 1987, Analysis of surface-water data network in Kansas for effectiveness in providing regional streamflow information; with a section on theory and application of generalized least squares: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2303, iv, 28 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2303.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2303/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28055,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2303/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db68015f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Medina, K.D.","contributorId":46925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medina","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":95035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":3737,"text":"cir941 - 1987 - Streamflow characteristics at hydrologic bench-mark stations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"cir941","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"941","title":"Streamflow characteristics at hydrologic bench-mark stations","docAbstract":"The Hydrologic Bench-Mark Network was established in the 1960's. Its objectives were to document the hydrologic characteristics of representative undeveloped watersheds nationwide and to provide a comparative base for studying the effects of man on the hydrologic environment. The network, which consists of 57 streamflow gaging stations and one lake-stage station in 39 States, is planned for permanent operation. \r\n\r\nThis interim report describes streamflow characteristics at each bench-mark site and identifies time trends in annual streamflow that have occurred during the data-collection period. \r\n\r\nThe streamflow characteristics presented for each streamflow station are (1) flood and low-flow frequencies, (2) flow duration, (3) annual mean flow, and (4) the serial correlation coefficient for annual mean discharge. In addition, Kendall's tau is computed as an indicator of time trend in annual discharges. The period of record for most stations was 13 to 17 years, although several stations had longer periods of record. The longest period was 65 years for Merced River near Yosemite, Calif. \r\n\r\nRecords of flow at 6 of 57 streamflow sites in the network showed a statistically significant change in annual mean discharge over the period of record, based on computations of Kendall's tau. The values of Kendall's tau ranged from -0.533 to 0.648. An examination of climatological records showed that changes in precipitation were most likely the cause for the change in annual mean discharge.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/cir941","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, C., 1987, Streamflow characteristics at hydrologic bench-mark stations: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 941, v, 123 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir941.","productDescription":"v, 123 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/0941/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30798,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/0941/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, C.L.","contributorId":58263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3732,"text":"cir1009 - 1987 - Review of literature on the finite-element solution of the equations of two-dimensional surface-water flow in the horizontal plane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:38","indexId":"cir1009","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1009","title":"Review of literature on the finite-element solution of the equations of two-dimensional surface-water flow in the horizontal plane","docAbstract":"Published literature on the application of the finite-element method to solving the equations of two-dimensional surface-water flow in the horizontal plane is reviewed in this report. The finite-element method is ideally suited to modeling two-dimensional flow over complex topography with spatially variable resistance. A two-dimensional finite-element surface-water flow model with depth and vertically averaged velocity components as dependent variables allows the user great flexibility in defining geometric features such as the boundaries of a water body, channels, islands, dikes, and embankments. \r\n\r\nThe following topics are reviewed in this report: alternative formulations of the equations of two-dimensional surface-water flow in the horizontal plane; basic concepts of the finite-element method; discretization of the flow domain and representation of the dependent flow variables; treatment of boundary conditions; discretization of the time domain; methods for modeling bottom, surface, and lateral stresses; approaches to solving systems of nonlinear equations; techniques for solving systems of linear equations; finite-element alternatives to Galerkin's method of weighted residuals; techniques of model validation; and preparation of model input data. References are listed in the final chapter.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/cir1009","usgsCitation":"Lee, J.K., and Froehlich, D.C., 1987, Review of literature on the finite-element solution of the equations of two-dimensional surface-water flow in the horizontal plane: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1009, vi, 61 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1009.","productDescription":"vi, 61 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/1009/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30793,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/1009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Jonathan K.","contributorId":60186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Froehlich, David C.","contributorId":58617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froehlich","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":3731,"text":"cir858C - 1987 - Preliminary Metallogenic Map of North America: A listing of deposits by commodity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-20T06:50:54","indexId":"cir858C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"858","chapter":"C","title":"Preliminary Metallogenic Map of North America: A listing of deposits by commodity","docAbstract":"The 4,215 ore deposits shown on the Preliminary Metallogenic Map of North America and contained in the Metallogenic Map file have been sorted by their principal (first-listed) commodities and grouped into metallic and nonmetallic categories. Deposit listings for 56 individual metals and minerals have been assembled using the data base and are arranged alphabetically by country, political subdivision (for the larger countries), and deposit name. Map numbers, major and minor constituents, geographic coordinates, and a geologic code are given for each deposit; additionally, the relative size and deposit class have been derived from the code and are listed separately. \r\n\r\nThe frequencies of individual commodities and commodity groups by type, geographic distribution, and geologic occurrence are summarized in tables, and the relationships of associated commodities to principal commodities in the data base are emphasized in both tables and brief texts. \r\n\r\nIn all, 49 metals and minerals are listed as principal (first or only) commodities and 7 more are shown as 'major' but not principal commodities. (Commodities listed as 'minor' in the data base were not sorted or tabulated separately.) Metals, divided into six subgroups, predominate over nonmetallic minerals by a ratio of about 7 to 1, although in terms of quantities and value the disparity is not so great. Within the metals group, the ranking according to frequency is as follows: base, precious, iron and alloying, other (antimony, beryllium, and others), nuclear-fuel, and light metals. \r\n\r\nThe most frequently occurring commodity in the Metallogenic Map file is gold. Copper is ranked second, both in number of occurrences and as the principal commodity in deposits. Silver is ranked third in frequency of occurrence; lead and zinc are ranked fourth and fifth, respectively. Iron, ranked sixth in frequency of occurrence as a major commodity, is the third most reported principal commodity in the data base, ahead of silver (ranked fourth), lead (ranked fifth), and zinc (ranked sixth).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/cir858C","issn":"03646017","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.P., Guild, P.W., and Schruben, P.G., 1987, Preliminary Metallogenic Map of North America: A listing of deposits by commodity: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 858, iv, 138 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir858C.","productDescription":"iv, 138 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30792,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/0858c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/0858c/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c99a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Michael P.","contributorId":81890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guild, Philip White","contributorId":94285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guild","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"White","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schruben, Paul G.","contributorId":38974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schruben","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":235,"text":"wsp2310 - 1987 - Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-23T11:36:05","indexId":"wsp2310","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2310","title":"Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1986","docAbstract":"<p>Water-quality data from long-term (24 years), fixed- station monitoring at the Cape Fear River at Lock 1 near Kelly, N.C., and various measures of basin development are correlated. Subbasin population, number of acres of cropland in the subbasin, number of people employed in manufacturing, and tons of fertilizer applied in the basin are considered as measures of basinwide development activity. Linear correlations show statistically significant posi- tive relations between both population and manufacturing activity and most of the dissolved constituents considered. Negative correlations were found between the acres of harvested cropland and most of the water-quality measures. The amount of fertilizer sold in the subbasin was not statistically related to the water-quality measures considered in this report. The statistical analysis was limited to several commonly used measures of water quality including specific conductance, pH, dissolved solids, several major dissolved ions, and a few nutrients. The major dissolved ions included in the analysis were calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, silica, bicarbonate, and fluoride. The nutrients included were dissolved nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, dissolved ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, dissolved phosphates, and total phosphorus. For the chemicals evaluated, manufacturing and population sources are more closely associated with water quality in the Cape Fear River at Lock 1 than are agricultural variables.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wsp2310","usgsCitation":"Subitzky, S., 1987, Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2310, 142 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2310.","productDescription":"142 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":24845,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2310/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":136508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2310/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db6553c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Subitzky, Seymour","contributorId":99111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Subitzky","given":"Seymour","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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