{"pageNumber":"1515","pageRowStart":"37850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70045859,"text":"70045859 - 2013 - Analyzing the water budget and hydrological characteristics and responses to land use in a monsoonal climate river basin in South China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T09:24:06","indexId":"70045859","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analyzing the water budget and hydrological characteristics and responses to land use in a monsoonal climate river basin in South China","docAbstract":"Hydrological models have been increasingly used by hydrologists and water resource managers to understand natural processes and human activities that affect watersheds. In this study, we use the physically based model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), to investigate the hydrological processes in the East River Basin in South China, a coastal area dominated by monsoonal climate. The SWAT model was calibrated using 8-year (1973–1980) record of the daily streamflow at the basin outlet (Boluo station), and then validated using data collected during the subsequent 8 years (1981–1988). Statistical evaluation shows that SWAT can consistently simulate the streamflow of the East River with monthly Nash–Sutcliffe efficiencies of 0.93 for calibration and 0.90 for validation at the Boluo station. We analyzed the model simulations with calibrated parameters, presented the spatiotemporal distribution of the key hydrological components, and quantified their responses to different land uses. Watershed managers can use the results of this study to understand hydrological features and evaluate water resources of the East River in terms of sustainable development and effective management.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-013-0045-5","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., and Chen, J., 2013, Analyzing the water budget and hydrological characteristics and responses to land use in a monsoonal climate river basin in South China: Environmental Management, v. 51, no. 6, p. 1174-1186, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-013-0045-5.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1174","endPage":"1186","ipdsId":"IP-042191","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272031,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272012,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-013-0045-5"}],"country":"China","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 73.5,18.2 ], [ 73.5,53.6 ], [ 134.8,53.6 ], [ 134.8,18.2 ], [ 73.5,18.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a1451e4b061e1bd533337","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Yiping ywu@usgs.gov","contributorId":987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Yiping","email":"ywu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Ji","contributorId":101960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Ji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045161,"text":"70045161 - 2013 - Survival and behavior of Chinese mystery snails (Bellamya chinensis) in response to simulated water body drawdowns and extended air exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-01T09:45:32","indexId":"70045161","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2655,"text":"Management of Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival and behavior of Chinese mystery snails (Bellamya chinensis) in response to simulated water body drawdowns and extended air exposure","docAbstract":"Nonnative invasive mollusks degrade aquatic ecosystems and induce economic losses worldwide. Extended air exposure through water body drawdown is one management action used for control. In North America, the Chinese mystery snail (Bellamya chinensis) is an invasive aquatic snail with an expanding range, but eradication methods for this species are not well documented. We assessed the ability of B. chinensis to survive different durations of air exposure, and observed behavioral responses prior to, during, and following desiccation events. Individual B. chinensis specimens survived air exposure in a laboratory setting for > 9 weeks, and survivorship was greater among adults than juveniles. Several B. chinensis specimens responded to desiccation by sealing their opercula and/or burrowing in mud substrate. Our results indicate that drawdowns alone may not be an effective means of eliminating B. chinensis. This study lays the groundwork for future management research that may determine the effectiveness of drawdowns when combined with factors such as extreme temperatures, predation, or molluscicides.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Management of Biological Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"REABIC","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2013.4.2.04","usgsCitation":"Unstad, K.M., Uden, D.R., Allen, C.R., Chaine, N.M., Haak, D.M., Kill, R.A., Pope, K.L., Stephen, B., and Wong, A., 2013, Survival and behavior of Chinese mystery snails (Bellamya chinensis) in response to simulated water body drawdowns and extended air exposure: Management of Biological Invasions, v. 4, no. 2, p. 123-127, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2013.4.2.04.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"127","ipdsId":"IP-044849","costCenters":[{"id":463,"text":"Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2013.4.2.04","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":272050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274326,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2013.4.2.04"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a1460e4b061e1bd53335f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Unstad, Kody M.","contributorId":28491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unstad","given":"Kody","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Uden, Daniel R.","contributorId":74258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uden","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chaine, Noelle M.","contributorId":48456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaine","given":"Noelle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haak, Danielle M.","contributorId":73078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haak","given":"Danielle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kill, Robert A.","contributorId":103538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kill","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687 kpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":1574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"kpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stephen, Bruce J.","contributorId":54862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephen","given":"Bruce J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wong, Alec","contributorId":79005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Alec","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70045851,"text":"sir20135071 - 2013 - Continuous real-time water-quality monitoring and regression analysis to compute constituent concentrations and loads in the North Fork Ninnescah River upstream from Cheney Reservoir, south-central Kansas, 1999–2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T13:25:37","indexId":"sir20135071","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5071","title":"Continuous real-time water-quality monitoring and regression analysis to compute constituent concentrations and loads in the North Fork Ninnescah River upstream from Cheney Reservoir, south-central Kansas, 1999–2012","docAbstract":"Cheney Reservoir, located in south-central Kansas, is the primary water supply for the city of Wichita. The U.S. Geological Survey has operated a continuous real-time water-quality monitoring station since 1998 on the North Fork Ninnescah River, the main source of inflow to Cheney Reservoir. Continuously measured water-quality physical properties include streamflow, specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. Discrete water-quality samples were collected during 1999 through 2009 and analyzed for sediment, nutrients, bacteria, and other water-quality constituents. Regression models were developed to establish relations between discretely sampled constituent concentrations and continuously measured physical properties to compute concentrations of those constituents of interest that are not easily measured in real time because of limitations in sensor technology and fiscal constraints.  Regression models were published in 2006 that were based on data collected during 1997 through 2003. This report updates those models using discrete and continuous data collected during January 1999 through December 2009. Models also were developed for four new constituents, including additional nutrient species and indicator bacteria. In addition, a conversion factor of 0.68 was established to convert the Yellow Springs Instruments (YSI) model 6026 turbidity sensor measurements to the newer YSI model 6136 sensor at the North Ninnescah River upstream from Cheney Reservoir site. Newly developed models and 14 years of hourly continuously measured data were used to calculate selected constituent concentrations and loads during January 1999 through December 2012. The water-quality information in this report is important to the city of Wichita because it allows the concentrations of many potential pollutants of interest to Cheney Reservoir, including nutrients and sediment, to be estimated in real time and characterized over conditions and time scales that would not be possible otherwise.  In general, model forms and the amount of variance explained by the models was similar between the original and updated models. The amount of variance explained by the updated models changed by 10 percent or less relative to the original models. Total nitrogen, nitrate, organic nitrogen, E. coli bacteria, and total organic carbon models were newly developed for this report. Additional data collection over a wider range of hydrological conditions facilitated the development of these models. The nitrate model is particularly important because it allows for comparison to Cheney Reservoir Task Force goals.  Mean hourly computed total suspended solids concentration during 1999 through 2012 was 54 milligrams per liter (mg/L). The total suspended solids load during 1999 through 2012 was 174,031 tons. On an average annual basis, the Cheney Reservoir Task Force runoff (550 mg/L) and long-term (100 mg/L) total suspended solids goals were never exceeded, but the base flow goal was exceeded every year during 1999 through 2012. Mean hourly computed nitrate concentration was 1.08 mg/L during 1999 through 2012. The total nitrate load during 1999 through 2012 was 1,361 tons. On an annual average basis, the Cheney Reservoir Task Force runoff (6.60 mg/L) nitrate goal was never exceeded, the long-term goal (1.20 mg/L) was exceeded only in 2012, and the base flow goal of 0.25 mg/L was exceeded every year. Mean nitrate concentrations that were higher during base flow, rather than during runoff conditions, suggest that groundwater sources are the main contributors of nitrate to the North Fork Ninnescah River above Cheney Reservoir. Mean hourly computed phosphorus concentration was 0.14 mg/L during 1999 through 2012. The total phosphorus load during 1999 through 2012 was 328 tons. On an average annual basis, the Cheney Reservoir Task Force runoff goal of 0.40 mg/L for total phosphorus was exceeded in 2002, the year with the largest yearly mean turbidity, and the long-term goal (0.10 mg/L) was exceeded in every year except 2011 and 2012, the years with the smallest mean streamflows. The total phosphorus base flow goal of 0.05 mg/L was exceeded every year. Given that base flow goals for total suspended solids, nitrate, and total phosphorus were exceeded every year despite hydrologic conditions, the established base flow goals are either unattainable or substantially more best management practices will need to be implemented to attain them.  On an annual average basis, no discernible patterns were evident in total suspended sediment, nitrate, and total phosphorus concentrations or loads over time, in large part because of hydrologic variability. However, more rigorous statistical analyses are required to evaluate temporal trends. A more rigorous analysis of temporal trends will allow evaluation of watershed investments in best management practices.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135071","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the city of Wichita, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Stone, M.L., Graham, J.L., and Gatotho, J.W., 2013, Continuous real-time water-quality monitoring and regression analysis to compute constituent concentrations and loads in the North Fork Ninnescah River upstream from Cheney Reservoir, south-central Kansas, 1999–2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5071, viii, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135071.","productDescription":"viii, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272007,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135071.gif"},{"id":272005,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5071/"},{"id":272006,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5071/sir13-5071.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Cheney Reservoir;North Fork Ninnescah River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.25,37.5 ], [ -99.25,38.16 ], [ -97.75,38.16 ], [ -97.75,37.5 ], [ -99.25,37.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a145be4b061e1bd53333b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Mandy L. 0000-0002-6711-1536 mstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6711-1536","contributorId":4409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Mandy","email":"mstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gatotho, Jackline W.","contributorId":76616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gatotho","given":"Jackline","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042647,"text":"70042647 - 2013 - Practical guidance on characterizing availability in resource selection functions under a use-availability design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-15T09:20:03","indexId":"70042647","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Practical guidance on characterizing availability in resource selection functions under a use-availability design","docAbstract":"Habitat selection is a fundamental aspect of animal ecology, the understanding of which is critical to management and conservation. Global positioning system data from animals allow fine-scale assessments of habitat selection and typically are analyzed in a use-availability framework, whereby animal locations are contrasted with random locations (the availability sample). Although most use-availability methods are in fact spatial point process models, they often are fit using logistic regression. This framework offers numerous methodological challenges, for which the literature provides little guidance. Specifically, the size and spatial extent of the availability sample influences coefficient estimates potentially causing interpretational bias. We examined the influence of availability on statistical inference through simulations and analysis of serially correlated mule deer GPS data. Bias in estimates arose from incorrectly assessing and sampling the spatial extent of availability. Spatial autocorrelation in covariates, which is common for landscape characteristics, exacerbated the error in availability sampling leading to increased bias. These results have strong implications for habitat selection analyses using GPS data, which are increasingly prevalent in the literature. We recommend researchers assess the sensitivity of their results to their availability sample and, where bias is likely, take care with interpretations and use cross validation to assess robustness.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/12-1688.1","usgsCitation":"Northrup, J.M., Hooten, M., Anderson, C.R., and Wittemyer, G., 2013, Practical guidance on characterizing availability in resource selection functions under a use-availability design: Ecology, v. 94, no. 7, p. 1456-1463, https://doi.org/10.1890/12-1688.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1456","endPage":"1463","ipdsId":"IP-040982","costCenters":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/12-1688.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271946,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-1688.1"}],"volume":"94","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a145de4b061e1bd53334b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Northrup, Joseph M.","contributorId":101965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Northrup","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":471978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Charles R. Jr.","contributorId":75042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Charles","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wittemyer, George","contributorId":25058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittemyer","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70045884,"text":"sir20125242 - 2013 - Simulations of groundwater flow, transport, and age in Albuquerque, New Mexico, for a study of transport of anthropogenic and natural contaminants (TANC) to public-supply wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T21:26:46","indexId":"sir20125242","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5242","title":"Simulations of groundwater flow, transport, and age in Albuquerque, New Mexico, for a study of transport of anthropogenic and natural contaminants (TANC) to public-supply wells","docAbstract":"Vulnerability to contamination from manmade and natural sources can be characterized by the groundwater-age distribution measured in a supply well and the associated implications for the source depths of the withdrawn water. Coupled groundwater flow and transport models were developed to simulate the transport of the geochemical age-tracers carbon-14, tritium, and three chlorofluorocarbon species to public-supply wells in Albuquerque, New Mexico. A separate, regional-scale simulation of transport of carbon-14 that used the flow-field computed by a previously documented regional groundwater flow model was calibrated and used to specify the initial concentrations of carbon-14 in the local-scale transport model. Observations of the concentrations of each of the five chemical species, in addition to water-level observations and measurements of intra-borehole flow within a public-supply well, were used to calibrate parameters of the local-scale groundwater flow and transport models.\n\nThe calibrated groundwater flow model simulates the mixing of “young” groundwater, which entered the groundwater flow system after 1950 as recharge at the water table, with older resident groundwater that is more likely associated with natural contaminants. Complexity of the aquifer system in the zone of transport between the water table and public-supply well screens was simulated with a geostatistically generated stratigraphic realization based upon observed lithologic transitions at borehole control locations. Because effective porosity was simulated as spatially uniform, the simulated age tracers are more efficiently transported through the portions of the simulated aquifer with relatively higher simulated hydraulic conductivity. Non-pumping groundwater wells with long screens that connect aquifer intervals having different hydraulic heads can provide alternate pathways for contaminant transport that are faster than the advective transport through the aquifer material. Simulation of flow and transport through these wells requires time discretization that adequately represents periods of pumping and non-pumping. The effects of intra-borehole flow are not fully represented in the simulation because it employs seasonal stress periods, which are longer than periods of pumping and non-pumping. Further simulations utilizing daily pumpage data and model stress periods may help quantify the relative effects of intra-borehole versus advective aquifer flow on the transport of contaminants near the public-supply wells. The fraction of young water withdrawn from the studied supply well varies with simulated pumping rates due to changes in the relative contributions to flow from different aquifer intervals.\n\nThe advective transport of dissolved solutes from a known contaminant source to the public-supply wells was simulated by using particle-tracking. Because of the transient groundwater flow field, scenarios with alternative contaminant release times result in different simulated-particle fates, most of which are withdrawn from the aquifer at wells that are between the source and the studied supply well. The relatively small effective porosity required to simulate advective transport from the simulated contaminant source to the studied supply well is representative of a preferential pathway and not the predominant aquifer effective porosity that was estimated by the calibration of the model to observed chemical-tracer concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125242","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Heywood, C.E., 2013, Simulations of groundwater flow, transport, and age in Albuquerque, New Mexico, for a study of transport of anthropogenic and natural contaminants (TANC) to public-supply wells: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5242, ix, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125242.","productDescription":"ix, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"65","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272049,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20125242.gif"},{"id":272047,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5242/"},{"id":272048,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5242/pdf/sir2012-5242.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Albuquerque","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.088,34.95 ], [ -106.088,35.22 ], [ -106.47,35.22 ], [ -106.47,34.95 ], [ -106.088,34.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a145fe4b061e1bd533357","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heywood, Charles E. cheywood@usgs.gov","contributorId":2043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heywood","given":"Charles","email":"cheywood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042106,"text":"70042106 - 2013 - Reconciling resource utilization and resource selection functions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T10:08:14","indexId":"70042106","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconciling resource utilization and resource selection functions","docAbstract":"Summary: 1. Analyses based on utilization distributions (UDs) have been ubiquitous in animal space use studies, largely because they are computationally straightforward and relatively easy to employ. Conventional applications of resource utilization functions (RUFs) suggest that estimates of UDs can be used as response variables in a regression involving spatial covariates of interest. 2. It has been claimed that contemporary implementations of RUFs can yield inference about resource selection, although to our knowledge, an explicit connection has not been described. 3. We explore the relationships between RUFs and resource selection functions from a hueristic and simulation perspective. We investigate several sources of potential bias in the estimation of resource selection coefficients using RUFs (e.g. the spatial covariance modelling that is often used in RUF analyses). 4. Our findings illustrate that RUFs can, in fact, serve as approximations to RSFs and are capable of providing inference about resource selection, but only with some modification and under specific circumstances. 5. Using real telemetry data as an example, we provide guidance on which methods for estimating resource selection may be more appropriate and in which situations. In general, if telemetry data are assumed to arise as a point process, then RSF methods may be preferable to RUFs; however, modified RUFs may provide less biased parameter estimates when the data are subject to location error.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Animal Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2656.12080","usgsCitation":"Hooten, M., Hanks, E., Johnson, D., and Alldredge, M.W., 2013, Reconciling resource utilization and resource selection functions: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 52, no. 6, p. 1146-1154, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12080.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1146","endPage":"1154","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038934","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12080","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271989,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271986,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12080"}],"volume":"52","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a145ee4b061e1bd533353","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":470778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanks, Ephraim M.","contributorId":104630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Ephraim M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Devin S.","contributorId":47524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Devin S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alldredge, Mat W.","contributorId":65361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alldredge","given":"Mat","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70173425,"text":"70173425 - 2013 - Microhabitat use of the diamond darter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-16T15:44:18","indexId":"70173425","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microhabitat use of the diamond darter","docAbstract":"<p><span>The only known extant population of the diamond darter (</span><i>Crystallaria cincotta</i><span>) exists in the lower 37&nbsp;km of Elk River, WV, USA. Our understanding of diamond darter habitat use was previously limited, because few individuals have been observed during sampling with conventional gears. We quantified microhabitat use of diamond darters based on measurements of water depth, water velocity and per cent substrate composition. Using spotlights at night-time, we sampled 16 sites within the lower 133&nbsp;km of Elk River and observed a total of 82 diamond darters at 10 of 11 sampling sites within the lower 37&nbsp;km. Glides, located immediately upstream of riffles, were the primary habitats sampled for diamond darters, which included relatively shallow depths (&lt;1&nbsp;m), moderate-to-low water velocities (often&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.5&nbsp;m&middot;s</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>) and a smooth water surface. Microhabitat use (mean &plusmn; SE) of diamond darters was estimated for depth (0.47&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;0.02&nbsp;m), average velocity (0.27&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;0.01&nbsp;m&middot;s</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>) and bottom velocity (0.15&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;0.01&nbsp;m&middot;s</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>). Substrate used (mean &plusmn; SE) by diamond darters was predominantly sand intermixed with lesser amounts of gravel and cobble: % sand (52.1&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;1.6), % small gravel (12.2&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;0.78), % large gravel (14.2&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;0.83), % cobble (19.8&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;0.96) and % boulder (1.6&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;0.36). Based on our microhabitat use data, conservation and management efforts for this species should consider preserving glide habitats within Elk River. Spotlighting, a successful sampling method for diamond darters, should be considered for study designs of population estimation and long-term monitoring.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12062","usgsCitation":"Welsh, S., Smith, D.M., and Taylor, N.D., 2013, Microhabitat use of the diamond darter: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 22, no. 4, p. 587-595, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12062.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"587","endPage":"595","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043471","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12062","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Elk River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.62704467773438,\n              38.37019391098433\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.53915405273438,\n              38.430463025162666\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.35856628417967,\n              38.501967316378874\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.19171142578125,\n              38.517549061739984\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.12510681152344,\n              38.484769753492536\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.04133605957031,\n              38.55031345037904\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.91087341308594,\n              38.60560305052739\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.86851596832275,\n        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swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":152088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Dustin M.","contributorId":171829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Dustin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Nate D.","contributorId":172042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Nate","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045803,"text":"ofr20131097 - 2013 - Mercury and water-quality data from Rink Creek, Salmon River, and Good River, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska, November 2009-October 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-06T12:39:33","indexId":"ofr20131097","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1097","title":"Mercury and water-quality data from Rink Creek, Salmon River, and Good River, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska, November 2009-October 2011","docAbstract":"Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve (GBNPP), Alaska, like many pristine high latitude areas, is exposed to atmospherically deposited contaminants such as mercury (Hg). Although the harmful effects of Hg are well established, information on this contaminant in southeast Alaska is scarce. Here, we assess the level of this contaminant in several aquatic components (water, sediments, and biological tissue) in three adjacent, small streams in GBNPP that drain contrasting landscapes but receive similar atmospheric inputs: Rink Creek, Salmon River, and Good River.\n\nTwenty water samples were collected from 2009 to 2011 and processed and analyzed for total mercury and methylmercury (filtered and particulate), and dissolved organic carbon quantity and quality. Ancillary stream water parameters (discharge, pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and temperature) were measured at the time of sampling. Major cations, anions, and nutrients were measured four times. In addition, total mercury was analyzed in streambed sediment in 2010 and in juvenile coho salmon and several taxa of benthic macroinvertebrates in the early summer of 2010 and 2011.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131097","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Nagorski, S.A., Neal, E., and Brabets, T.P., 2013, Mercury and water-quality data from Rink Creek, Salmon River, and Good River, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska, November 2009-October 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1097, vi, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131097.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-11-01","temporalEnd":"2011-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271881,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131097.jpg"},{"id":271879,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1097/"},{"id":271880,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1097/pdf/ofr20131097.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -138.22,58.43 ], [ -138.22,59.24 ], [ -135.78,59.24 ], [ -135.78,58.43 ], [ -138.22,58.43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5188d46ce4b023d2d75b9a3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagorski, Sonia A.","contributorId":32940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagorski","given":"Sonia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neal, Edward G.","contributorId":68775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Edward G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brabets, Timothy P. tbrabets@usgs.gov","contributorId":2087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"Timothy","email":"tbrabets@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045819,"text":"ds709T - 2013 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Herat mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter T in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-06T21:08:57","indexId":"ds709T","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"T","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Herat mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter T in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the Herat mineral district, which has barium and limestone deposits. ALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420–500 nanometer, nm), green (520–600 nm), red (610–690 nm), and near-infrared (760–890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520–770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (©JAXA,2007,2008,2009), but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement. The selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar-elevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. For this particular area, PRISM image orthorectification was performed by the Alaska Satellite Facility, applying its photogrammetric software to PRISM stereo images with vertical control points obtained from the digital elevation database produced by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (Farr and others, 2007) and horizontal adjustments based on a controlled Landsat image base (Davis, 2006). The 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery was then coregistered to the orthorectified PRISM images and individual multispectral and panchromatic images were mosaicked into single images of the entire area of interest. The image coregistration was facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band's picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 1,000-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands). All image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area's local zone (41 for Herat) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics were subdivided into eight overlapping tiles or quadrants because of the large size of the target area. The eight image tiles (or quadrants) for the Herat area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image. Within the Herat study area, one subarea was designated for detailed field investigations (that is, the Barium-Limestone subarea); this subarea was extracted from the area's image mosaic and is provided as separate embedded geotiff images.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (DS 709)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds709T","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense <a href=\"http://tfbso.defense.gov/www/\" target=\"_blank\">Task Force for Business and Stability Operations</a> and the <a href=\"http://www.bgs.ac.uk/AfghanMinerals/\" target=\"_blank\">Afghanistan Geological Survey</a>.  This report is Chapter T in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>. For more information, see: <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ds709\" target=\"_blank\">Data Series 709</a>.","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., Arko, S.A., and Harbin, M., 2013, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Herat mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter T in <i>Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, Readme; 2 Maps: 11 x 8.5 inches and 97.39 x 69.63 inches; 18 Image Files; 18 Metadata Files; 1 Shapefile; DS 709, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds709T.","productDescription":"Readme; 2 Maps: 11 x 8.5 inches and 97.39 x 69.63 inches; 18 Image Files; 18 Metadata Files; 1 Shapefile; DS 709","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-24","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271905,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271896,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/t/"},{"id":271898,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/t/index_maps/Herat_Area-of-Interest_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":271899,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/t/index_maps/Herat_Image_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":271897,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/t/1_readme.txt"},{"id":271900,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/t/index_maps/index_maps.html"},{"id":271901,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/t/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":271902,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/t/metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":271903,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/t/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"},{"id":271904,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/index.html"}],"country":"Afghanistan","state":"Herat","otherGeospatial":"Herat Mineral District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60.9,34.25 ], [ 60.9,35.5 ], [ 63.1,35.5 ], [ 63.1,34.25 ], [ 60.9,34.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5188d465e4b023d2d75b9a38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arko, Scott A.","contributorId":101929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arko","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harbin, Michelle L.","contributorId":20590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbin","given":"Michelle L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70147457,"text":"70147457 - 2013 - Effects of food availability on yolk androgen deposition in the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), a seabird with facultative brood reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-20T12:31:00","indexId":"70147457","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of food availability on yolk androgen deposition in the black-legged kittiwake (<i>Rissa tridactyla</i>), a seabird with facultative brood reduction","title":"Effects of food availability on yolk androgen deposition in the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), a seabird with facultative brood reduction","docAbstract":"<p><span>In birds with facultative brood reduction, survival of the junior chick is thought to be regulated primarily by food availability. In black-legged kittiwakes (</span><i>Rissa tridactyla</i><span>) where parents and chicks are provided with unlimited access to supplemental food during the breeding season, brood reduction still occurs and varies interannually. Survival of the junior chick is therefore affected by factors in addition to the amount of food directly available to them. Maternally deposited yolk androgens affect competitive dynamics within a brood, and may be one of the mechanisms by which mothers mediate brood reduction in response to a suite of environmental and physiological cues. The goal of this study was to determine whether food supplementation during the pre-lay period affected patterns of yolk androgen deposition in free-living kittiwakes in two years (2003 and 2004) that varied in natural food availability. Chick survival was measured concurrently in other nests where eggs were not collected. In both years, supplemental feeding increased female investment in eggs by increasing egg mass. First-laid (“A”) eggs were heavier but contained less testosterone and androstenedione than second-laid (“B”) eggs across years and treatments. Yolk testosterone was higher in 2003 (the year with higher B chick survival) across treatments. The difference in yolk testosterone levels between eggs within a clutch varied among years and treatments such that it was relatively small when B chick experienced the lowest and the highest survival probabilities, and increased with intermediate B chick survival probabilities. The magnitude of testosterone asymmetry in a clutch may allow females to optimize fitness by either predisposing a brood for reduction or facilitating survival of younger chicks.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0062949","usgsCitation":"Benowitz-Fredericks, Z., Kitaysky, A.S., Welcker, J., and Hatch, S.A., 2013, Effects of food availability on yolk androgen deposition in the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), a seabird with facultative brood reduction: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 5, e62949: 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062949.","productDescription":"e62949: 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-015797","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062949","text":"Publisher Index 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Jorg","contributorId":25441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welcker","given":"Jorg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70060519,"text":"70060519 - 2013 - Salamander colonization of Chase Lake, Stutsman County, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:17:19","indexId":"70060519","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-05T13:25:08","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3580,"text":"The Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salamander colonization of Chase Lake, Stutsman County, North Dakota","docAbstract":"Salt concentrations in lakes are dynamic. In the western United States, water diversions have caused significant declines in lake levels resulting in increased salinity, placing many aquatic species at risk (Galat and Robinson 1983, Beutel et al. 2001). Severe droughts can have similar effects on salt concentrations and aquatic communities (Swanson et al. 2003). Conversely, large inputs of water can dilute salt concentrations and contribute to community shifts (Euliss et al. 2004).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Prairie Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"South Dakota State University","usgsCitation":"Mushet, D.M., McLean, K., and Stockwell, C., 2013, Salamander colonization of Chase Lake, Stutsman County, North Dakota: The Prairie Naturalist, v. 45, p. 106-108.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"108","ipdsId":"IP-041798","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287145,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Stutsman County","otherGeospatial":"Chase Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.48,46.63 ], [ -99.48,47.33 ], [ -98.44,47.33 ], [ -98.44,46.63 ], [ -99.48,46.63 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53749075e4b0870f4d23cfec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mushet, David M. 0000-0002-5910-2744 dmushet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":1299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"David","email":"dmushet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McLean, Kyle I.","contributorId":63316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLean","given":"Kyle I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockwell, Craig A.","contributorId":55257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockwell","given":"Craig A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045773,"text":"ds745 - 2013 - Classifications for Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act (CWPPRA) site-specific projects: 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-05T16:05:08","indexId":"ds745","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"745","title":"Classifications for Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act (CWPPRA) site-specific projects: 2010","docAbstract":"The Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act (CWPPRA) funds over 100 wetland restoration projects across Louisiana. Integral to the success of CWPPRA is its long-term monitoring program, which enables State and Federal agencies to determine the effectiveness of each restoration effort. One component of this monitoring program is the classification of high-resolution, color-infrared aerial photography at the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Wetlands Research Center in Lafayette, Louisiana.\n\nColor-infrared aerial photography (9- by 9-inch) is obtained before project construction and several times after construction. Each frame is scanned on a photogrametric scanner that produces a high-resolution image in Tagged Image File Format (TIFF). By using image-processing software, these TIFF files are then orthorectified and mosaicked to produce a seamless image of a project area and its associated reference area (a control site near the project that has common environmental features, such as marsh type, soil types, and water salinities.) The project and reference areas are then classified according to pixel value into two distinct classes, land and water. After initial land and water ratios have been established by using photography obtained before and after project construction, subsequent comparisons can be made over time to determine land-water change.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds745","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Natural Resources Conservation Service, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"Jones, W.R., and Garber, A., 2013, Classifications for Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act (CWPPRA) site-specific projects: 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 745, Pamphlet: iv, 8 p.; 2010 CWPPRA Maps: 10 Sheets: 58 x 47 inches; Data and Metadata Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds745.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 8 p.; 2010 CWPPRA Maps: 10 Sheets: 58 x 47 inches; Data and Metadata Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-037884","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271818,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds745.gif"},{"id":271805,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/"},{"id":271806,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/DS745.pdf"},{"id":271807,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/Maps_online%20only/cs27_2010l_Black%20Bayou%20Hydrologic%20Restoration_letter.pdf"},{"id":271808,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/Maps_online%20only/cs27_2010l_Black%20Bayou%20Hydrologic%20Restoration_poster.pdf"},{"id":271809,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/Maps_online%20only/cs27_2010l_Black%20Bayou%20Hydrologic%20Restoration_mosaic_ltr.pdf"},{"id":271810,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/Maps_online%20only/cs30_2005_2010l_GIWW-Perry%20Ridge%20West%20Bank%20Stabilization_poster.pdf"},{"id":271811,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/Maps_online%20only/cs30_2005_2010l_GIWW-Perry%20Ridge%20West%20Bank%20Stabilization_tabloid.pdf"},{"id":271812,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/Maps_online%20only/cs30_2010_GIWW-Perry%20Ridge%20West%20Bank%20Stabilization_mosaic_letter.pdf"},{"id":271813,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/Maps_online%20only/cs30_2010l_GIWW-Perry%20Ridge%20West%20Bank%20Stabilization_letter.pdf"},{"id":271814,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/Maps_online%20only/tv18_2010_Four%20Mile%20Canal%20Terracing%20and%20Sediment%20Trapping_letter.pdf"},{"id":271815,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/Maps_online%20only/tv18_2010_Four%20Mile%20Canal%20Terracing%20and%20Sediment%20Trapping_poster.pdf"},{"id":271816,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/Maps_online%20only/po06_2010lpr_Fritchie%20Marsh%20Restoration_letter.pdf"},{"id":271817,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/745/downloads2010/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.0,28.9 ], [ -94.0,33.0 ], [ -88.8,33.0 ], [ -88.8,28.9 ], [ -94.0,28.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51877151e4b078fc9c244b4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, William R. 0000-0002-5493-4138 jonesb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5493-4138","contributorId":463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"William","email":"jonesb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garber, Adrienne 0000-0003-1139-8256 garbera@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1139-8256","contributorId":464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garber","given":"Adrienne","email":"garbera@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045775,"text":"sir20135037 - 2013 - Plankton communities and summertime declines in algal abundance associated with low dissolved oxygen in the Tualatin River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-05T16:03:22","indexId":"sir20135037","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5037","title":"Plankton communities and summertime declines in algal abundance associated with low dissolved oxygen in the Tualatin River, Oregon","docAbstract":"Phytoplankton populations in the Tualatin River in northwestern Oregon are an important component of the dissolved oxygen (DO) budget of the river and are critical for maintaining DO levels in summer. During the low-flow summer period, sufficient nutrients and a long residence time typically combine with ample sunshine and warm water to fuel blooms of cryptophyte algae, diatoms, green and blue-green algae in the low-gradient, slow-moving reservoir reach of the lower river. Algae in the Tualatin River generally drift with the water rather than attach to the river bottom as a result of moderate water depths, slightly elevated turbidity caused by suspended colloidal material, and dominance of silty substrates. Growth of algae occurs as if on a “conveyor belt” of streamflow, a dynamic system that is continually refreshed with inflowing water. Transit through the system can take as long as 2 weeks during the summer low-flow period. Photosynthetic production of DO during algal blooms is important in offsetting oxygen consumption at the sediment-water interface caused by the decomposition of organic matter from primarily terrestrial sources, and the absence of photosynthesis can lead to low DO concentrations that can harm aquatic life. \n\nThe periods with the lowest DO concentrations in recent years (since 2003) typically occur in August following a decline in algal abundance and activity, when DO concentrations often decrease to less than State standards for extended periods (nearly 80 days). Since 2003, algal populations have tended to be smaller and algal blooms have terminated earlier compared to conditions in the 1990s, leading to more frequent declines in DO to levels that do not meet State standards. This study was developed to document the current abundance and species composition of phytoplankton in the Tualatin River, identify the possible causes of the general decline in algae, and evaluate hypotheses to explain why algal blooms diminish in midsummer. \n\nPlankton and water-quality sample data from 2006 to 2008 were combined with parts of a larger discrete-sample and continuous water-quality monitoring dataset and examined to identify patterns in water-quality and algal conditions since 1991, with a particular emphasis on 2003–08. Longitudinal plankton surveys were conducted in 2006–08 at six sites between river miles (RM) 24.5 and 3.4 at 2- to 3-week intervals, or 5–6 per season, and in-situ bioassay experiments were conducted in 2008 to examine the potential effects of wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) effluent and phosphorus additions on phytoplankton biomass and algal photosynthesis. Phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition, streamflow, and water-quality data were analyzed using multivariate statistical techniques to gain insights into plankton dynamics to determine what factors might be most tied to the abundance and characteristics of the phytoplankton assemblages, and identify possible causes of their declines.\n\nThe connection between low-DO events and algal declines was clearly evident, as bloom crashes were nearly always followed by periods of low DO. Algal blooms occurred each year during 2006–08, producing maximum chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) values in June or July generally in the range of 50–80 micrograms per liter (µg/L). Bloom crashes and absence of sufficient algal photosynthesis in mid- to late-summer contributed to minimum DO concentrations that were less than the State standard of 6.5 milligrams per liter (mg/L) based on the 30-day mean daily concentration, for 62–74 days each year. At times, the absolute minimum State standard (4 mg/L DO) also was not met. To learn more about why low-DO events occurred, specific algal declines during 2003–08 were scrutinized to determine their likely causal factors. From this information, a series of hypotheses were formulated and evaluated in terms of their ability to explain recent declines in algal populations in the river in late summer.\n\nMeteorological, streamflow, turbidity, water temperature, and conductance conditions in the Tualatin River during the 2006–08 summer seasons were not atypical. Natural flow comprised the majority (70–80 percent) of flow each year during spring, but then reduced to 38–40 percent during midsummer when WWTF effluent—which contributed as much as 36 percent—and flow augmentation releases comprised a greater fraction of the flow. Summer 2008 was unusual, however, in the prolonged influence from the Wapato Lake agricultural area near Gaston in the upper part of the basin. The previous winter flooding and levee breach at Wapato Lake caused a much greater area of inundation. As a result, drainage from this area continued into July, much later than normal. A subsequent algal bloom in Wapato Lake then seeded the upper Tualatin River, and this drainage had a profound effect on the downstream plankton community. A large blue-green algae bloom developed—the largest in recent memory—prompting a public health advisory for recreational contact for about two weeks.\n\nAlgal growths and surface blooms are a common feature of the Tualatin River. Most of the dominant algae have growth forms and morphologies that are well suited for planktonic life, employing spines and gas vacuoles to resist settling, forming colonies, and producing mucilage (or toxins) to resist zooplankton grazing. In 2006–08, 143 algal taxa were identified in 117 main-stem samples; diatoms and green algae were more diverse than blue-green, golden, and cryptophyte algae, although these later groups sometimes dominated the overall volumetric abundance (biovolume). The most frequently occurring taxa, occurring in 97–99 percent of samples, were flagellated cryptophytes Cryptomonas erosa and Rhodomonas minuta. Other important algal taxa included centric diatoms Stephanodiscus, Cyclotella, and Melosira species and colonial green algae Scenedesmus and Actinastrum. These taxa comprised the majority of the algal biovolume during much of the growing season. A general seasonal trend in the phytoplankton assemblages was observed, with dominance by filamentous centric diatoms Stephanodiscus and Melosira in spring and early summer, and flagellated cryptophytes and green algae, particularly Chlamydomonas sp., in late-summer; or, in 2008, dominance by blue-green algae Anabaena flos-aquae and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae during the Wapato Lake bloom event.\n\nThere were 99 zooplankton taxa identified from the Tualatin River in 2006–08, composed primarily of cladocerans, copepods, and rotifers. A seasonal increase in zooplankton abundance was observed in early summer just as or shortly after the phytoplankton population began to increase, with populations growing to 15,000−120,000 organisms per cubic meter in the lower river. Zooplankton abundance showed a predictable and distinct longitudinal downstream increase, particularly downstream of Highway 99W (RM 11.6). Although grazing rates were not measured, the data suggest that, at times, zooplankton grazing may affect algal abundance and species composition in the Tualatin River, with diatoms becoming relatively less abundant and flagellated cryptophytes and green algae relatively more abundant during periods when zooplankton densities were highest.\n\nMultivariate statistical analyses identified soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), natural flow, flow augmentation, and WWTF effluent as important factors influencing Tualatin River phytoplankton populations, with zooplankton density (particularly rotifers and copepods), specific conductance, chloride, and water temperature also having an important influence. Although SRP was highly correlated with the plankton communities, that correlation was likely the result of high or low algal activity (uptake) as SRP concentrations were often reduced to low levels during blooms. While previous studies have already established that phosphorus, among other factors such as flow, places a theoretical cap on the size of the phytoplankton population in the river, sometimes algal declines occur when SRP concentrations are apparently sufficient. To identify alternative causal factors, additional analyses were performed without SRP to focus on other water-quality parameters, zooplankton density, and flow factors. Considering data for all 3 years and including just those samples from the lower Tualatin River not affected by the 2008 Wapato Lake drainage event, three factors (percentage of reservoir flow augmentation, total natural flow, and rotifer density) best explained variations in the phytoplankton assemblages.\n\nAnalyses focusing on the possible causes of algal declines included the above multivariate analyses, scrutiny of 10 specific instances of declines in algal populations during 2003–08 including several bloom–crash sequences, and analyses of historic routine watershed monitoring data from Clean Water Services. Six factors were hypothesized to be important in causing bloom crashes or impeding blooms from rebounding in August: (1) light limitation from cloudy weather, (2) a reduction in the plankton inocula or “seed” entering the lower river from upstream sources, (3) increased summer streamflows, (4) changes in the dominant sources of flow as the percentage of flow augmentation and WWTF discharges have increased, (5) zooplankton grazing, and (6) low concentrations of bioavailable phosphorus (<0.015 milligram per liter). All of these hypotheses are supported in some fashion by the available data and statistical analyses. Zooplankton grazing, short-term declines in photosynthesis from cloudy weather, total flow as it affects residence time, and the dominant source of flow are primary factors responsible for the low-DO events caused by declines in algae in the lower Tualatin River during late summer.\n\nCloudy weather and increased turbidity are known to inhibit algal growth in the Tualatin River, and slight increases in turbidity in recent years may be a problem. Upstream sources of algae are critical in determining the characteristics and size of downstream populations, as illustrated by the Wapato Lake bloom in 2008, but more data are needed from upstream to fully define the importance of this connection. The sources of flow, through their differential contribution of plankton inocula (quality and amount), were, at times, important factors affecting phytoplankton populations. While SRP concentrations were often most highly correlated with phytoplankton species community, the bioavailability of phosphorus is still somewhat unknown and there are several sources to consider. Preliminary bioassay tests suggested that while treated wastewater effluent may stimulate algae at 30 percent concentrations, negative effects (or decreased stimulation) on Chl-a and DO production may occur at concentrations of 50 percent. Targeted data collection and future research will be needed to further understand the importance of these factors on Tualatin River phytoplankton.\n\nWhile the data and analysis completed for this report provide insights into future research and monitoring that would be useful to continue, additional monitoring of turbidity, Chl-a, and plankton abundance and species composition in the upper part of the basin would enhance our understanding of plankton dynamics and factors affecting phytoplankton abundance in the lower river. Assessment of the key upstream sources of algal inocula via surveys of the major flow sources as well as tributaries and wetlands would provide useful information for the management of river water quality. Other studies that could prove useful for developing management strategies include targeted experiments to evaluate the bioavailability of phosphorus from a variety of sources. New research on phytoplankton–zooplankton interactions, and studies of planktivorous fish, might also provide insight about food web dynamics and potential “top-down” effects of fish predation on the plankton communities. In addition, further development of neural-network or other water-quality models would help to evaluate management strategies and provide forecasts of water-quality conditions. Finally, periodic future reassessments of the available data with the multivariate statistical tools used in this study would be helpful to assess whether and how plankton communities are changing, and to continue to shed light on the importance of factors shaping the plankton. Although certain types and sizes of algal blooms are undesirable, minimum phytoplankton populations are an important part of aquatic food webs and are needed to maintain healthy levels of DO in the river. By understanding the sources, characteristics, causal factors, and responses of the plankton communities, management strategies can be developed to improve DO conditions in the lower Tualatin River during the important summer low-flow period.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135037","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Clean Water Services","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, K., and Rounds, S.A., 2013, Plankton communities and summertime declines in algal abundance associated with low dissolved oxygen in the Tualatin River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5037, x, 78 p.; Appendixes A-C; Table 10, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135037.","productDescription":"x, 78 p.; Appendixes A-C; Table 10","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271825,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135037.jpg"},{"id":271821,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5037/appendixes/sir20135037_appendixA.xlsx"},{"id":271822,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5037/appendixes/sir20135037_appendixB.xlsx"},{"id":271823,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5037/appendixes/sir20135037_appendixC.xlsx"},{"id":271824,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5037/appendixes/sir20135037_table10.pdf"},{"id":271819,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5037/"},{"id":271820,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5037/pdf/sir20135037.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.6,42.0 ], [ -124.6,46.3 ], [ -116.5,46.3 ], [ -116.5,42.0 ], [ -124.6,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5187716ce4b078fc9c244b63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, Kurt D. kdcar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Kurt D.","email":"kdcar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045768,"text":"70045768 - 2013 - Floral ecology and insect visitation in riparian Tamarix sp. (saltcedar)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-05T16:11:37","indexId":"70045768","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Floral ecology and insect visitation in riparian Tamarix sp. (saltcedar)","docAbstract":"Climate change projections for semiarid and arid North America include reductions in stream discharge that could adversely affect riparian plant species dependent on stream-derived ground water. In order to better understand this potential impact, we used a space-for-time substitution to test the hypotheses that increasing depth-to-groundwater (DGW) is inversely related to Tamarix sp. (saltcedar) flower abundance (F) and nectar production per flower (N). We also assessed whether DGW affected the richness or abundance of insects visiting flowers. We examined Tamarix floral attributes and insect visitation patterns during 2010 and 2011 at three locations along a deep DWG gradient (3.2–4.1 m) on a floodplain terrace adjacent to Las Vegas Wash, an effluent-dominated Mojave Desert stream. Flower abundance and insect visitation patterns differed between years, but no effect from DGW on either F or N was detected. An eruption of a novel non-native herbivore, the splendid tamarisk weevil (Coniatus splendidulus), likely reduced flower production in 2011.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.03.009","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., and Nelson, S.M., 2013, Floral ecology and insect visitation in riparian Tamarix sp. (saltcedar): Journal of Arid Environments, v. 94, p. 1-5-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.03.009.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1-5","endPage":"112","ipdsId":"IP-045358","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271826,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.03.009"},{"id":271827,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5187716ae4b078fc9c244b53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, D.C.","contributorId":19119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, S. M.","contributorId":81853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043044,"text":"70043044 - 2013 - Use of general purpose graphics processing units with MODFLOW","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-29T13:46:18","indexId":"70043044","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of general purpose graphics processing units with MODFLOW","docAbstract":"To evaluate the use of general-purpose graphics processing units (GPGPUs) to improve the performance of MODFLOW, an unstructured preconditioned conjugate gradient (UPCG) solver has been developed. The UPCG solver uses a compressed sparse row storage scheme and includes Jacobi, zero fill-in incomplete, and modified-incomplete lower-upper (LU) factorization, and generalized least-squares polynomial preconditioners. The UPCG solver also includes options for sequential and parallel solution on the central processing unit (CPU) using OpenMP. For simulations utilizing the GPGPU, all basic linear algebra operations are performed on the GPGPU; memory copies between the central processing unit CPU and GPCPU occur prior to the first iteration of the UPCG solver and after satisfying head and flow criteria or exceeding a maximum number of iterations. The efficiency of the UPCG solver for GPGPU and CPU solutions is benchmarked using simulations of a synthetic, heterogeneous unconfined aquifer with tens of thousands to millions of active grid cells. Testing indicates GPGPU speedups on the order of 2 to 8, relative to the standard MODFLOW preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) solver, can be achieved when (1) memory copies between the CPU and GPGPU are optimized, (2) the percentage of time performing memory copies between the CPU and GPGPU is small relative to the calculation time, (3) high-performance GPGPU cards are utilized, and (4) CPU-GPGPU combinations are used to execute sequential operations that are difficult to parallelize. Furthermore, UPCG solver testing indicates GPGPU speedups exceed parallel CPU speedups achieved using OpenMP on multicore CPUs for preconditioners that can be easily parallelized.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12004","usgsCitation":"Hughes, J.D., and White, J., 2013, Use of general purpose graphics processing units with MODFLOW: Ground Water, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12004.","productDescription":"14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-039567","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272967,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12004"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a7236ce4b09db86f875d37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Jeremy T. jwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy T.","email":"jwhite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045765,"text":"tm6A45 - 2013 - MODFLOW–USG version 1: An unstructured grid version of MODFLOW for simulating groundwater flow and tightly coupled processes using a control volume finite-difference formulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-03T09:00:59","indexId":"tm6A45","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A45","title":"MODFLOW–USG version 1: An unstructured grid version of MODFLOW for simulating groundwater flow and tightly coupled processes using a control volume finite-difference formulation","docAbstract":"A new version of MODFLOW, called MODFLOW–USG (for UnStructured Grid), was developed to support a wide variety of structured and unstructured grid types, including nested grids and grids based on prismatic triangles, rectangles, hexagons, and other cell shapes. Flexibility in grid design can be used to focus resolution along rivers and around wells, for example, or to subdiscretize individual layers to better represent hydrostratigraphic units. MODFLOW–USG is based on an underlying control volume finite difference (CVFD) formulation in which a cell can be connected to an arbitrary number of adjacent cells. To improve accuracy of the CVFD formulation for irregular grid-cell geometries or nested grids, a generalized Ghost Node Correction (GNC) Package was developed, which uses interpolated heads in the flow calculation between adjacent connected cells. MODFLOW–USG includes a Groundwater Flow (GWF) Process, based on the GWF Process in MODFLOW–2005, as well as a new Connected Linear Network (CLN) Process to simulate the effects of multi-node wells, karst conduits, and tile drains, for example. The CLN Process is tightly coupled with the GWF Process in that the equations from both processes are formulated into one matrix equation and solved simultaneously. This robustness results from using an unstructured grid with unstructured matrix storage and solution schemes. MODFLOW–USG also contains an optional Newton-Raphson formulation, based on the formulation in MODFLOW–NWT, for improving solution convergence and avoiding problems with the drying and rewetting of cells. Because the existing MODFLOW solvers were developed for structured and symmetric matrices, they were replaced with a new Sparse Matrix Solver (SMS) Package developed specifically for MODFLOW–USG. The SMS Package provides several methods for resolving nonlinearities and multiple symmetric and asymmetric linear solution schemes to solve the matrix arising from the flow equations and the Newton-Raphson formulation, respectively.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Ground Water in Book 6 <i> Modeling Techniques </i>","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A45","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program  Prepared in collaboration with AMEC; This report is Chapter 45 of Section A: Ground Water in Book 6: <i>Modeling Techniques</i>","usgsCitation":"Panday, S., Langevin, C.D., Niswonger, R., Ibaraki, M., and Hughes, J.D., 2013, MODFLOW–USG version 1: An unstructured grid version of MODFLOW for simulating groundwater flow and tightly coupled processes using a control volume finite-difference formulation: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A45, Report: vii, 68 p.; Available Software, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A45.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 68 p.; Available Software","numberOfPages":"78","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":494,"text":"Office of Groundwater","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271788,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm6A45.gif"},{"id":271786,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a45/pdf/tm6-A45.pdf"},{"id":271787,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/ogw/mfusg/"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5184ce62e4b04d6ec94d62a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panday, Sorab","contributorId":100513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panday","given":"Sorab","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G.","contributorId":45402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ibaraki, Motomu","contributorId":81235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ibaraki","given":"Motomu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70045769,"text":"sir20135084 - 2013 - Groundwater conditions in Georgia, 2010–2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T20:46:02","indexId":"sir20135084","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5084","title":"Groundwater conditions in Georgia, 2010–2011","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey collects groundwater data and conducts studies to monitor hydrologic conditions, better define groundwater resources, and address problems related to water supply, water use, and water quality. In Georgia, water levels were monitored continuously at 186 wells during calendar year 2010 and at 181 wells during calendar year 2011. Because of missing data or short periods of record (less than 3 years) for several of these wells, a total of 168 wells are discussed in this report. These wells include 17 in the surficial aquifer system, 19 in the Brunswick aquifer system and equivalent sediments, 70 in the Upper Floridan aquifer, 16 in the Lower Floridan aquifer and underlying units, 10 in the Claiborne aquifer, 1 in the Gordon aquifer, 11 in the Clayton aquifer, 14 in the Cretaceous aquifer system, 2 in Paleozoic-rock aquifers, and 8 in crystalline-rock aquifers. Data from the well network indicate that water levels generally declined during the 2010 through 2011 calendar-year period, with water levels declining in 158 wells and rising in 10. Water levels declined over the period of record at 106 wells, increased at 56 wells, and remained relatively constant at 6 wells.  In addition to continuous water-level data, periodic water-level measurements were collected and used to construct potentiometric-surface maps for the Upper Floridan aquifer in Camden, Charlton, and Ware Counties, Georgia, and adjacent counties in Florida during May–June 2010, and in the following areas in Georgia: the Brunswick area during August 2010 and August 2011, in the Albany–Dougherty County area during November 2010 and November 2011, and in the Augusta–Richmond County area during October 2010 and August 2011. In general, water levels in these areas were lower during 2011 than during 2010; however, the configuration of the potentiometric surfaces in each of the areas showed little change.  Groundwater quality in the Floridan aquifer system is monitored in the Albany, Savannah, and Brunswick areas of Georgia. In the Albany area, nitrate as nitrogen concentrations in the Upper Floridan aquifer during 2011 generally decreased from 2010; however, concentrations in two wells remained above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 10-milligrams-per-liter (mg/L) drinking-water standard. In the Savannah area, specific conductance and chloride concentrations were measured in water samples from discrete depths in two wells completed in the Upper Floridan aquifer. Data from the two wells indicate that chloride concentrations in the Upper Floridan aquifer showed little change during calendar years 2010 through 2011 and remained below the 250 mg/L USEPA secondary drinking-water standard. During calendar years 2010 through 2011, chloride concentrations in the Lower Floridan aquifer increased slightly at Tybee Island and Skidaway Island, remaining above the drinking-water standard. In the Brunswick area, maps showing the chloride concentration of water in the Upper Floridan aquifer constructed using data collected from 32 wells during August 2010 and from 30 wells during August 2011 indicate that chloride concentrations remained above the USEPA secondary drinking-water standard in an approximately 2-square-mile area. During calendar years 2010 through 2011, chloride concentrations generally decreased in over 70 percent of the wells sampled during 2011, with a maximum decrease of 200 mg/L in a well located in the north-central part of the Brunswick area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135084","usgsCitation":"Peck, M., Gordon, D., and Painter, J.A., 2013, Groundwater conditions in Georgia, 2010–2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5084, iv, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135084.","productDescription":"iv, 65 p.","numberOfPages":"71","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135084.gif"},{"id":271796,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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mfpeck@usgs.gov","contributorId":1467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"Michael F.","email":"mfpeck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gordon, Debbie W. 0000-0002-5195-6657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-6657","contributorId":79591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Debbie W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Painter, Jaime A. 0000-0001-8883-9158 jpainter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-9158","contributorId":1466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Jaime","email":"jpainter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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,{"id":70045771,"text":"ofr20121051 - 2013 - Benthic substrate classification map: Gulf Islands National Seashore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-03T15:17:16","indexId":"ofr20121051","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1051","title":"Benthic substrate classification map: Gulf Islands National Seashore","docAbstract":"The 2005 hurricane season was devastating for the Mississippi Gulf Coast. Hurricane Katrina caused significant degradation of the barrier islands that compose the Gulf Islands National Seashore (GUIS). Because of the ability of coastal barrier islands to help mitigate hurricane damage to the mainland, restoring these habitats prior to the onset of future storms will help protect the islands themselves and the surrounding habitats.  During Hurricane Katrina, coastal barrier islands reduced storm surge by approximately 10 percent and moderated wave heights (Wamsley and others, 2009). Islands protected the mainland by preventing ocean waves from maintaining their size as they approached the mainland. In addition to storm protection, it is advantageous to restore these islands to preserve the cultural heritage present there (for example, Fort Massachusetts) and because of the influence that these islands have on marine ecology. For example, these islands help maintain a salinity regime favorable to oysters in the Mississippi Sound and provide critical habitats for many migratory birds and endangered species such as sea turtles (Chelonia mydas, Caretta caretta, and Dermochelys coriacea), Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi), and piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2009a).  As land manager for the GUIS, the National Park Service (NPS) has been working with the State of Mississippi and the Mobile District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to provide a set of recommendations to the Mississippi Coastal Improvements Program (MsCIP) that will guide restoration planning. The final set of recommendations includes directly renourishing both West Ship Island (to protect Fort Massachusetts) and East Ship Island (to restore the French Warehouse archaeological site); filling Camille Cut to recreate a continuous Ship Island; and restoring natural regional sediment transport processes by placing sand in the littoral zone just east of Petit Bois Island. Prevailing sediment transport processes will provide natural renourishment of the westward islands in the barrier system (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2009b).  One difficulty in developing the final recommendations is that few data are available to incorporate into restoration plans related to bathymetry, sediment type, and biota. For example, the most recent bathymetry available dates to when East and West Ship Islands were a single continuous island (1917). As a result, the MsCIP program has encouraged post-hurricane bathymetric data collection for future reference. Furthermore, managing a complex environment such as this barrier island system for habitat conservation and best resource usage requires significant knowledge about those habitats and resources. To effectively address these issues, a complete and comprehensive understanding of the type, geographic extent, and condition of marine resources included within the GUIS is required. However, the data related to the GUIS marine resources are limited either spatially or temporally. Specifically, there is limited knowledge and information about the distribution of benthic habitats and the characteristics of the offshore region of the GUIS, even though these are the habitats that will be most affected by habitat restoration. The goal of this project is to develop a comprehensive map of the benthic marine habitats within the GUIS to give park managers the ability to develop strategies for coastal and ocean-resource management and to aid decisionmakers in evaluating conservation priorities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121051","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Northern Gulf of Mexico Progam","usgsCitation":"Lavoie, D., Flocks, J., Twichell, D., and Rose, K., 2013, Benthic substrate classification map: Gulf Islands National Seashore: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1051, vi, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121051.","productDescription":"vi, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271804,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121051.gif"},{"id":271802,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1051/"},{"id":271803,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1051/pdf/ofr2012-1051.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Gulf Coast","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.74,28.49 ], [ -88.74,30.4 ], [ -85.8,30.4 ], [ -85.8,28.49 ], [ -88.74,28.49 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5184ce51e4b04d6ec94d6295","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lavoie, Dawn","contributorId":43881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lavoie","given":"Dawn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flocks, James","contributorId":62266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twichell, Dave","contributorId":23421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"Dave","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rose, Kate","contributorId":66154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Kate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70045762,"text":"ofr20131103 - 2013 - A collaborative user-producer assessment of earthquake-response products","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-02T16:27:39","indexId":"ofr20131103","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1103","title":"A collaborative user-producer assessment of earthquake-response products","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Washington State Emergency Management Division assessed how well USGS earthquake-response products met the needs of emergency managers at county and local levels. Focus-group responses guided development of new products for testing in a regional-scale earthquake exercise. The assessment showed that (1) emergency responders consider most USGS products unnecessary after the first few postearthquake hours because the products are predictors, and responders are quickly immersed in reality; (2) during crises a significant fraction of personnel engaged in emergency response are drawn from many sectors, increasing the breadth of education well beyond emergency management agencies; (3) many emergency personnel do not use maps; and (4) information exchange, archiving, and analyses involve mechanisms and technical capabilities that vary among agencies, so widely used products must be technically versatile and easy to use.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131103","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Washington Military Department, Emergency Management Division","usgsCitation":"Gomberg, J., and Jakobitz, A., 2013, A collaborative user-producer assessment of earthquake-response products: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1103, iii, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131103.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131103.gif"},{"id":271783,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1103/"},{"id":271784,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1103/of2013-1103.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd498be4b0b290850ef440","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomberg, Joan","contributorId":77919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"Joan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jakobitz, Allen","contributorId":103159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakobitz","given":"Allen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045719,"text":"70045719 - 2013 - Type specimens of Crotalus scutulatus (Chordata: Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae) re-examined, with new evidence after more than a century of confusion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-02T11:09:41","indexId":"70045719","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3147,"text":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Type specimens of Crotalus scutulatus (Chordata: Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae) re-examined, with new evidence after more than a century of confusion","docAbstract":"The original description of Crotalus scutulatus (Chordata: Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae) was published in 1861 by Robert Kennicott, who did not identify a type specimen or a type locality. We review the history of specimens purported to be the type(s) and various designations of type locality. We provide evidence that ANSP 7069 (formerly one of two specimens of USNM 5027) is the holotype and that the appropriate type locality is Fort Buchanan, near present-day Sonoita, in Santa Cruz County, Arizona.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Biological Society of Washington","doi":"10.2988/0006-324X-126.1.11","usgsCitation":"Cardwell, M.D., Gotte, S.W., McDiarmid, R.W., Gilmore, N., and Poindexter, J.A., 2013, Type specimens of Crotalus scutulatus (Chordata: Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae) re-examined, with new evidence after more than a century of confusion: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, v. 126, no. 1, p. 11-16, https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X-126.1.11.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"16","ipdsId":"IP-041187","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271742,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271741,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X-126.1.11"}],"volume":"126","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51837cece4b0a21483941a71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cardwell, Michael D.","contributorId":27339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardwell","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gotte, Steve W. 0000-0001-5509-4495 sgotte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5509-4495","contributorId":4481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gotte","given":"Steve","email":"sgotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDiarmid, Roy W. 0000-0002-7649-1796 rmcdiarmid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7649-1796","contributorId":3603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"Roy","email":"rmcdiarmid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gilmore, Ned","contributorId":83419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmore","given":"Ned","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poindexter, James A. jpoindexter@usgs.gov","contributorId":5111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poindexter","given":"James","email":"jpoindexter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70045720,"text":"70045720 - 2013 - Presence-only modeling using MAXENT: when can we trust the inferences?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-02T10:08:03","indexId":"70045720","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Presence-only modeling using MAXENT: when can we trust the inferences?","docAbstract":"1. Recently, interest in species distribution modelling has increased following the development of new methods for the analysis of presence-only data and the deployment of these methods in user-friendly and powerful computer programs. However, reliable inference from these powerful tools requires that several assumptions be met, including the assumptions that observed presences are the consequence of random or representative sampling and that detectability during sampling does not vary with the covariates that determine occurrence probability.\n2. Based on our interactions with researchers using these tools, we hypothesized that many presence-only studies were ignoring important assumptions of presence-only modelling. We tested this hypothesis by reviewing 108 articles published between 2008 and 2012 that used the MAXENT algorithm to analyse empirical (i.e. not simulated) data. We chose to focus on these articles because MAXENT has been the most popular algorithm in recent years for analysing presence-only data.\n3. Many articles (87%) were based on data that were likely to suffer from sample selection bias; however, methods to control for sample selection bias were rarely used. In addition, many analyses (36%) discarded absence information by analysing presence–absence data in a presence-only framework, and few articles (14%) mentioned detection probability. We conclude that there are many misconceptions concerning the use of presence-only models, including the misunderstanding that MAXENT, and other presence-only methods, relieve users from the constraints of survey design.\n4. In the process of our literature review, we became aware of other factors that raised concerns about the validity of study conclusions. In particular, we observed that 83% of articles studies focused exclusively on model output (i.e. maps) without providing readers with any means to critically examine modelled relationships and that MAXENT's logistic output was frequently (54% of articles) and incorrectly interpreted as occurrence probability.\n5. We conclude with a series of recommendations foremost that researchers analyse data in a presence–absence framework whenever possible, because fewer assumptions are required and inferences can be made about clearly defined parameters such as occurrence probability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/2041-210x.12004","usgsCitation":"Yackulic, C.B., Chandler, R., Zipkin, E., Royle, J., Nichols, J., Grant, E., and Veran, S., 2013, Presence-only modeling using MAXENT: when can we trust the inferences?: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 4, no. 3, p. 236-243, https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12004.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"236","endPage":"243","ipdsId":"IP-041882","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271731,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271730,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12004"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51837cebe4b0a21483941a61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yackulic, Charles B. 0000-0001-9661-0724 cyackulic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-0724","contributorId":4662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackulic","given":"Charles","email":"cyackulic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chandler, Richard rchandler@usgs.gov","contributorId":2511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"Richard","email":"rchandler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13266,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":478190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zipkin, Elise F.","contributorId":70528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zipkin","given":"Elise F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Grant, Evan H. Campbell ehgrant@usgs.gov","contributorId":3696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Evan H. Campbell","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Veran, Sophie","contributorId":76983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veran","given":"Sophie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70045722,"text":"70045722 - 2013 - Spatial capture-recapture models for jointly estimating population density and landscape connectivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-02T10:21:54","indexId":"70045722","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial capture-recapture models for jointly estimating population density and landscape connectivity","docAbstract":"Population size and landscape connectivity are key determinants of population viability, yet no methods exist for simultaneously estimating density and connectivity parameters. Recently developed spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models provide a framework for estimating density of animal populations but thus far have not been used to study connectivity. Rather, all applications of SCR models have used encounter probability models based on the Euclidean distance between traps and animal activity centers, which implies that home ranges are stationary, symmetric, and unaffected by landscape structure. In this paper we devise encounter probability models based on “ecological distance,” i.e., the least-cost path between traps and activity centers, which is a function of both Euclidean distance and animal movement behavior in resistant landscapes. We integrate least-cost path models into a likelihood-based estimation scheme for spatial capture–recapture models in order to estimate population density and parameters of the least-cost encounter probability model. Therefore, it is possible to make explicit inferences about animal density, distribution, and landscape connectivity as it relates to animal movement from standard capture–recapture data. Furthermore, a simulation study demonstrated that ignoring landscape connectivity can result in negatively biased density estimators under the naive SCR model.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ESA","doi":"10.1890/12-0413.1","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., Chandler, R.B., Gazenski, K.D., and Graves, T.A., 2013, Spatial capture-recapture models for jointly estimating population density and landscape connectivity: Ecology, v. 94, no. 2, p. 287-294, https://doi.org/10.1890/12-0413.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"294","ipdsId":"IP-042013","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/12-0413.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271735,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271734,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-0413.1"}],"volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51837cebe4b0a21483941a65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chandler, Richard B. rchandler@usgs.gov","contributorId":63524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"Richard","email":"rchandler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gazenski, Kimberly D.","contributorId":55306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gazenski","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graves, Tabitha A. 0000-0001-5145-2400 tgraves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5145-2400","contributorId":5898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Tabitha","email":"tgraves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70045790,"text":"70045790 - 2013 - Restoring a stream, restoring a community-urban watershed restoration fosters community improvement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T19:39:23","indexId":"70045790","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Restoring a stream, restoring a community-urban watershed restoration fosters community improvement","docAbstract":"The Anacostia Watershed lies within the Chesapeake By drainage basin, and is one of the most urban watersheds within the basin. According to the Fish and Wildlife Service, the watershed spans over 175 square miles\tbetween Maryland and the District of Columbia and is considered by many to be one of the most\tdegraded waterways in the United States. Watts Branch is a tributary stream\tof the Anacostia River, and flows\tinto the Potomac River which eventually\tempties into  the Chesapeake Bay","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70045790","usgsCitation":"Thomas, C.C., and Myrick, E., 2013, Restoring a stream, restoring a community-urban watershed restoration fosters community improvement, https://doi.org/10.3133/70045790.","numberOfPages":"4","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","otherGeospatial":"Anacostia Watershed;Chesapeake Bay;Potomac River;Watts Branch","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.250717,39.038262 ], [ -77.250717,39.045917 ], [ -77.233672,39.045917 ], [ -77.233672,39.038262 ], [ -77.250717,39.038262 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5188d4e5e4b023d2d75b9a8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Catherine Cullinane","contributorId":44015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"Cullinane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Myrick, Elizabeth","contributorId":17118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myrick","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045740,"text":"70045740 - 2013 - Extending airborne electromagnetic surveys for regional active layer and permafrost mapping with remote sensing and ancillary data, Yukon Flats ecoregion, central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70045740","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3032,"text":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extending airborne electromagnetic surveys for regional active layer and permafrost mapping with remote sensing and ancillary data, Yukon Flats ecoregion, central Alaska","docAbstract":"Machine-learning regression tree models were used to extrapolate airborne electromagnetic resistivity data collected along flight lines in the Yukon Flats Ecoregion, central Alaska, for regional mapping of permafrost. This method of extrapolation (r = 0.86) used subsurface resistivity, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) at-sensor reflectance, thermal, TM-derived spectral indices, digital elevation models and other relevant spatial data to estimate near-surface (0–2.6-m depth) resistivity at 30-m resolution. A piecewise regression model (r = 0.82) and a presence/absence decision tree classification (accuracy of 87%) were used to estimate active-layer thickness (ALT) (< 101 cm) and the probability of near-surface (up to 123-cm depth) permafrost occurrence from field data, modelled near-surface (0–2.6 m) resistivity, and other relevant remote sensing and map data. At site scale, the predicted ALTs were similar to those previously observed for different vegetation types. At the landscape scale, the predicted ALTs tended to be thinner on higher-elevation loess deposits than on low-lying alluvial and sand sheet deposits of the Yukon Flats. The ALT and permafrost maps provide a baseline for future permafrost monitoring, serve as inputs for modelling hydrological and carbon cycles at local to regional scales, and offer insight into the ALT response to fire and thaw processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ppp.1775","usgsCitation":"Pastick, N.J., Jorgenson, M., Wylie, B.K., Minsley, B.J., Ji, L., Walvoord, M.A., Smith, B.D., Abraham, J., and Rose, J.R., 2013, Extending airborne electromagnetic surveys for regional active layer and permafrost mapping with remote sensing and ancillary data, Yukon Flats ecoregion, central Alaska: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, v. 24, no. 3, p. 184-199, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1775.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"184","endPage":"199","ipdsId":"IP-037584","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271728,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1775"},{"id":271729,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Flats","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -149.55,65.47 ], [ -149.55,67.47 ], [ -142.43,67.47 ], [ -142.43,65.47 ], [ -149.55,65.47 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51837ce5e4b0a21483941a49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pastick, Neal J. 0000-0002-8169-3018 njpastick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8169-3018","contributorId":4785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pastick","given":"Neal","email":"njpastick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jorgenson, M. 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,{"id":70045718,"text":"70045718 - 2013 - The identity of the enigmatic \"Black Shrew\" (Sorex niger Ord, 1815)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-02T11:03:05","indexId":"70045718","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3147,"text":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The identity of the enigmatic \"Black Shrew\" (Sorex niger Ord, 1815)","docAbstract":"The scientific name Sorex niger Ord, 1815 (Mammalia, Soricidae) was originally applied to a North American species that George Ord called the “Black Shrew.” The origin of the name “Black Shrew,” however, was obscure, and Samuel Rhoads subsequently wrote that the species represented by this name could not be determined. The names Sorex niger Ord and Black Shrew have since been mostly forgotten. Two of Ord's contemporaries, however, noted that Ord's use of these names probably alluded to Benjamin Smith Barton's Black Shrew, whose discovery near Philadelphia was announced by Barton in 1806. Examination of two unpublished illustrations of the Black Shrew made by Barton indicates that the animal depicted is Blarina brevicauda (Say, 1822). Had the connection between Ord's and Barton's names been made more clearly, one of the most common mammals in eastern North America would bear a different scientific name today. This connection also would have affected the validity of Sorex niger Horsfield, 1851. While Sorex niger Ord remains a nomen nudum, the animal it referenced can now be identified.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Biological Society of Washington","doi":"10.2988/0006-324X-126.1.1","usgsCitation":"Woodman, N., 2013, The identity of the enigmatic \"Black Shrew\" (Sorex niger Ord, 1815): Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, v. 126, no. 1, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X-126.1.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-041117","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271739,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X-126.1.1"}],"volume":"126","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51837cece4b0a21483941a6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodman, Neal 0000-0003-2689-7373 nwoodman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":3547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"Neal","email":"nwoodman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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