{"pageNumber":"1516","pageRowStart":"37875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40828,"records":[{"id":70010882,"text":"70010882 - 1983 - Geochemistry of diverse basalt types from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii: Petrogenetic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T12:23:28.677466","indexId":"70010882","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of diverse basalt types from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii: Petrogenetic implications","docAbstract":"<p>The wide variety of basalt types, tholeiitic to basanite, dredged from Loihi Seamount have minor and trace element abundances that are characteristic of subaerial Hawaiian basalts, thereby confirming that Loihi Seamount is a manifestation of the Hawaiian “hot spot”. Within the Loihi sample suite there are well-defined positive correlations among abundances of highly incompatible elements (P, K, Rb, Ba, Nb, light REE and Ta) and moderately incompatible elements (Sr, Ti, Zr and Hf) and between MgO, Ni and Cr. However, within the Loihi suite abundance ratios of geochemically similar elements (Zr/Hf, Nb/Ta and La/Ce) vary by factors of 1.2–1.5 and abundance ratios of highly incompatible elements such as P/Ce, P/Th, K/Rb, Ba/Th and La/Nb vary by factors of 1.2–2.5. These abundance ratios are not readily changed by different degrees of fractionation and melting. Therefore, we conclude that these samples are<span>&nbsp;</span><i>not</i><span>&nbsp;</span>genetically related by different degrees of melting of a compositionally homogeneous source.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(83)90150-4","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Frey, F., and Clague, D., 1983, Geochemistry of diverse basalt types from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii: Petrogenetic implications: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 66, no. C, p. 337-355, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90150-4.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"355","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221075,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Loihi Seamount","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.84644223051137,\n              19.018384195480664\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.84644223051137,\n              18.357352174521424\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.11252044044363,\n              18.357352174521424\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.11252044044363,\n              19.018384195480664\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.84644223051137,\n              19.018384195480664\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16f3e4b0c8380cd55316","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frey, F.A.","contributorId":12618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frey","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011249,"text":"70011249 - 1983 - VARIATIONS IN MINERAL MATTER CONTENT OF A PEAT DEPOSIT IN MAINE RESTING ON GLACIO-MARINE SEDIMENTS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:29","indexId":"70011249","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"VARIATIONS IN MINERAL MATTER CONTENT OF A PEAT DEPOSIT IN MAINE RESTING ON GLACIO-MARINE SEDIMENTS.","docAbstract":"The Great Heath, Washington County, Maine, is an excellent example of a multidomed ombrotrophic peatland resting on a gently undulating surface of glacio-marine sediments and towering above modern streams. A comprehensive study sponsored by the Geological Survey of Maine in cooperation with the U. S. Geological Survey included preparation of a contoured surficial geology map on which are located 81 core sites. Eight cross sections accompany the map showing occurrence and thickness of three types of organic material and locations of cored sample analyses. Refs.","largerWorkTitle":"Los Alamos National Laboratory (Report) LA","conferenceTitle":"Mineral Matter in Peat: Its Occurrence, Form, and Distribution.","conferenceLocation":"Los Alamos, NM, USA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Cameron, C., and Schruben, P., 1983, VARIATIONS IN MINERAL MATTER CONTENT OF A PEAT DEPOSIT IN MAINE RESTING ON GLACIO-MARINE SEDIMENTS., <i>in</i> Los Alamos National Laboratory (Report) LA, Los Alamos, NM, USA, p. 63-76.","startPage":"63","endPage":"76","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0e5e4b08c986b32a3a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cameron, Cornelia C.","contributorId":103002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cameron","given":"Cornelia C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schruben, Paul","contributorId":30249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schruben","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011613,"text":"70011613 - 1983 - Characteristic analysis-1981: Final program and a possible discovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:31","indexId":"70011613","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristic analysis-1981: Final program and a possible discovery","docAbstract":"The latest ornewest version of thecharacteristicanalysis (NCHARAN)computer program offers the exploration geologist a wide variety of options for integrating regionalized multivariate data. The options include the selection of regional cells for characterizing deposit models, the selection of variables that constitute the models, and the choice of logical combinations of variables that best represent these models. Moreover, the program provides for the display of results which, in turn, makes possible review, reselection, and refinement of a model. Most important, the performance of the above-mentioned steps in an interactive computing mode can result in a timely and meaningful interpretation of the data available to the exploration geologist. The most recent application of characteristic analysis has resulted in the possible discovery of economic sulfide mineralization in the Grong area in central Norway. Exploration data for 27 geophysical, geological, and geochemical variables were used to construct a mineralized and a lithogeochemical model for an area that contained a known massive sulfide deposit. The models were applied to exploration data collected from the Gjersvik area in the Grong mining district and resulted in the identification of two localities of possible mineralization. Detailed field examination revealed the presence of a sulfide vein system and a partially inverted stratigraphic sequence indicating the possible presence of a massive sulfide deposit at depth. ?? 1983 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01030076","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"McCammon, R., Botbol, J., Sinding-Larsen, R., and Bowen, R.W., 1983, Characteristic analysis-1981: Final program and a possible discovery: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 15, no. 1, p. 59-83, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01030076.","startPage":"59","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205074,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01030076"},{"id":220918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f48be4b0c8380cd4bda3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCammon, R.B.","contributorId":17218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCammon","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Botbol, J.M.","contributorId":46944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Botbol","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sinding-Larsen, R.","contributorId":102986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinding-Larsen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowen, R. W.","contributorId":72394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70011389,"text":"70011389 - 1983 - Relationship of two lacustrine ostracode species to solute composition and salinity: Implications for paleohydrochemistry ( Limnocythere sappaensis/staplini)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-31T01:31:48.095816","indexId":"70011389","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship of two lacustrine ostracode species to solute composition and salinity: Implications for paleohydrochemistry ( Limnocythere sappaensis/staplini)","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15567849\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Nonmarine ostracode species are indicative of the physical and chemical nature of lacustrine environments. Although salinity has traditionally been regarded as one of the more important parameters that affect the occurrence patterns of lacustrine ostracodes, examination of the solute composition and salinities of the lakes where<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Limnocythere sappaensis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. staplini</i><span>&nbsp;</span>live reveals that solute composition and not salinity is the most critical factor that controls their occurrence. The occurrence of these taxa in the modern world is mutually exclusive.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. sappaensis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>lives in water that is enriched in Na<sup>+</sup>-HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-<img class=\"content-image\" src=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/11/8/435/203527/[XSLTMediumImagePath]\" alt=\"graphic\" data-mce-src=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/11/8/435/203527/[XSLTMediumImagePath]\"><span>&nbsp;</span>and depleted in Ca<sup>2+</sup>.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. staplini</i><span>&nbsp;</span>lives in water that is enriched in various combinations of Na<sup>+</sup>-Mg<sup>2+</sup>-Ca<sup>2+</sup>-<img class=\"content-image\" src=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/11/8/435/203527/[XSLTMediumImagePath]\" alt=\"graphic\" data-mce-src=\"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/11/8/435/203527/[XSLTMediumImagePath]\">-Cl<sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and is depleted in HCO<sub>3</sub>. These solute compositions are the product of the mineral fractionation processes described by Eugster and Hardie. The positive correlation between these two species occurrences and the mineralogic fractionation processes suggests that these taxa may be used as reliable paleohydrochemical indicators. Studies in progress dealing with other ostracode taxa suggest that saline lacustrine ostracodes can provide a precise method for reconstructing paleohydrochemistry.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1983)11<435:ROTLOS>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Forester, R.M., 1983, Relationship of two lacustrine ostracode species to solute composition and salinity: Implications for paleohydrochemistry ( Limnocythere sappaensis/staplini): Geology, v. 11, no. 8, p. 435-438, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1983)11<435:ROTLOS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"435","endPage":"438","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221585,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a77ee4b0e8fec6cdc4a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forester, R. M.","contributorId":76332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forester","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011419,"text":"70011419 - 1983 - Tin granites of Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T12:21:11.449223","indexId":"70011419","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tin granites of Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15238803\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Seven granite plutons, spatially and genetically related to tin metalization, are exposed in a 170-km-long belt across northwestern Seward Peninsula, Alaska. These plutons are cupolas and epizonal composite stocks that consist of several textural varieties of biotite granite, including medium- to coarse-grained seriate biotite granite, porphyritic biotite granite with an aplitic groundmass, and fine- to medium-grained equigranular biotite granite. The common accessory minerals are fluorite, allanite, apatite, and zircon. Other accessory minerals that are locally present include tourmaline, sphene, opaque oxide minerals, and late-forming (deuteric) muscovite and chlorite. The granites range in major-element contents as follows: SiO<sub>2</sub>, 72.5% to 76.6%; A1<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, 12.7% to 14.3%; Na<sub>2</sub>O, 2.9% to 4.0%; K<sub>2</sub>O, 3.9% to 5.6%; and CaO, 0.6% to 1.2%. The sum of FeO + Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>+ MgO ranges from 0.3% to 2.4%; and the K<sub>2</sub>O to Na<sub>2</sub>O ratio from 1.1 to 1.8. The 0.1% to 0.9% F and 0.01% to 0.2% Cl reflect the over-all volatile-rich nature of the granites. The granites contain average or below-average concentrations of Co, Sc, Cr, and Zn, and generally above-average to distinctly high concentrations of Th, U, Hf, and Ta. The large cations emphasize the evolved nature of the granites; the Rb/Sr ratio is as high as 90 in some samples. Initial<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios range from 0.708 to as high as 0.720. The three Rb-Sr isochrons defined by the data agree with K-Ar age determinations and show that the stocks were emplaced during the Late Cretaceous, between about 70 and 80 m.y. ago.</p><p>The field, petrologic, and geochemical data indicate that the plutons had a multistage origin that involved large-scale melting of sialic crust, emplacement of magmas derived from batholithic fractionation at depth, and subsequent evolution of these magmas to generate small volumes of more highly evolved residual magmas. Although evolution of the granite complexes was largely governed by crystal-melt fractionation, some minor-element variations in the highly evolved granites cannot be explained by this process. For example, the distribution of rubidium and the light rare-earths appears to have been influenced by volatile depletion at the final stages of crystallization. The field data, petrologic data, and variation trends, such as distinct shifts toward higher albite contents in the residual granites, suggest that the coexistence of a volatile phase was important in their evolution. These results require that models seeking to explain compositional gradients in high-level granite (rhyolite) systems fully consider the role of a coexisting volatile phase.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<768:TGOSPA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hudson, T., and Arth, J.G., 1983, Tin granites of Seward Peninsula, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 94, no. 6, p. 768-790, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<768:TGOSPA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"768","endPage":"790","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220976,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Seward Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -168.29033380179976,\n              67.03116095038828\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.29033380179976,\n              64.05073366574283\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.85283380179993,\n              64.05073366574283\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.85283380179993,\n              67.03116095038828\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.29033380179976,\n              67.03116095038828\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb403e4b08c986b32611b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, T.","contributorId":33446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arth, Joseph G.","contributorId":104546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arth","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011417,"text":"70011417 - 1983 - Simulation of solute transport in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream: A transient storage model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-07T13:43:16","indexId":"70011417","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of solute transport in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream: A transient storage model","docAbstract":"<p><span>The physical characteristics of mountain streams differ from the uniform and conceptually well- defined open channels for which the analysis of solute transport has been oriented in the past and is now well understood. These physical conditions significantly influence solute transport behavior, as demonstrated by a transient storage model simulation of solute transport in a very small (0.0125 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) mountain pool-and-riffle stream. The application is to a carefully controlled and intensively monitored chloride injection experiment. The data from the experiment are not explained by the standard convection-dispersion mechanisms alone. A transient storage model, which couples dead zones with the one-dimensional convection-dispersion equation, simulates the general characteristics of the solute transport behavior and a set of simulation parameters were determined that yield an adequate fit to the data. However, considerable uncertainty remains in determining physically realistic values of these parameters. The values of the simulation parameters used are compared to values used by other authors for other streams. The comparison supports, at least qualitatively, the determined parameter values.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR019i003p00718","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., and Walters, R.A., 1983, Simulation of solute transport in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream: A transient storage model: Water Resources Research, v. 19, no. 3, p. 718-724, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR019i003p00718.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"718","endPage":"724","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9084e4b08c986b319558","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":361036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, Roy A.","contributorId":74877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011615,"text":"70011615 - 1983 - Investigation of internal friction in fused quartz, steel, Plexiglass, and Westerly granite from 0.01 to 1.00 Hertz at 10-8 to 10-7 strain amplitude","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T16:26:58.85713","indexId":"70011615","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Investigation of internal friction in fused quartz, steel, Plexiglass, and Westerly granite from 0.01 to 1.00 Hertz at 10<sup>-8</sup> to 10<sup>-7</sup> strain amplitude","title":"Investigation of internal friction in fused quartz, steel, Plexiglass, and Westerly granite from 0.01 to 1.00 Hertz at 10-8 to 10-7 strain amplitude","docAbstract":"<p><span>A detailed evaluation on the method of internal friction measurement by the stress-strain hysteresis loop method from 0.01 to 1 Hz at 10</span><sup>−8</sup><span>&nbsp;to 10</span><sup>−7</sup><span>&nbsp;strain amplitude and 23.9°C is presented. Significant systematic errors in relative phase measurement can result from convex end surfaces of the sample and stress sensor and from end surface irregularities such as nicks and asperities. Preparation of concave end surfaces polished to optical smoothness having a radius of curvature &gt;3.6×10</span><sup>4</sup><span>&nbsp;cm reduces the systematic error in relative phase measurements to &lt;(5.5±2.2)×10</span><sup>−4</sup><span>&nbsp;radians. The values of&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><sub>E</sub><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;(internal friction under uniaxial compression) determined from the relative phase measurements are |</span><i>Q</i><sub>E</sub><sup>−1</sup><span>–</span><i>Q</i><sub><i>s</i></sub><sup>−1</sup><span>|&lt; 2.8×10</span><sup>−3</sup><span>&nbsp;for the tool steel sample and |</span><i>Q</i><sub>E</sub><sup>−1</sup><span>–</span><i>Q</i><sub>s</sub><sup>−1</sup><span>|&lt; 2.2×10</span><sup>−3</sup><span>&nbsp;for the Westerly granite sample, where&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><sub>s</sub><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;is the internal friction of the fused quartz stress sensor under uniaxial compression. These values are consistent with those inferred from the relative modulus dispersion data also presented in this paper. The polymethyl methacrylate (PMM, trade name Plexiglass) sample shows high values of internal friction (</span><i>Q</i><sub>E</sub><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;≅5×10</span><sup>−2</sup><span>) with strong frequency dependence and with a maximum in&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><sub>E</sub><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;at ≅0.4 Hz.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iB03p02367","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Liu, H., and Peselnick, L., 1983, Investigation of internal friction in fused quartz, steel, Plexiglass, and Westerly granite from 0.01 to 1.00 Hertz at 10-8 to 10-7 strain amplitude: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 88, no. B3, p. 2367-2379, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB03p02367.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2367","endPage":"2379","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220920,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e8ee4b0c8380cd63e7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Hsi-Ping","contributorId":59944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Hsi-Ping","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peselnick, L.","contributorId":66825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peselnick","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011238,"text":"70011238 - 1983 - CHEMICAL STRUCTURES IN COAL: GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE PRESENCE OF MIXED STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:31","indexId":"70011238","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"CHEMICAL STRUCTURES IN COAL: GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE PRESENCE OF MIXED STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS.","docAbstract":"The purpose of this paper is to summarize work on the chemical structural components of coal, comparing them with their possible plant precursors in modern peat. Solid-state **1**3C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), elemental analysis and, in some cases, individual compound analyses formed the bases for these comparisons.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings - 1983 International Conference on Coal Science.","conferenceLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA, USA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hatcher, P.G., Breger, I.A., Maciel, G., and Szeverenyi, N., 1983, CHEMICAL STRUCTURES IN COAL: GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE PRESENCE OF MIXED STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS., Proceedings - 1983 International Conference on Coal Science., Pittsburgh, PA, USA, p. 310-313.","startPage":"310","endPage":"313","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2cde4b0c8380cd4b3ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatcher, Patrick G.","contributorId":93625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breger, Irving A.","contributorId":65205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breger","given":"Irving","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maciel, G.E.","contributorId":43910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maciel","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Szeverenyi, N.M.","contributorId":83663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szeverenyi","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70011267,"text":"70011267 - 1983 - Major and trace elements in Mahogany zone oil shale in two cores from the Green River Formation, piceance basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:27","indexId":"70011267","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Major and trace elements in Mahogany zone oil shale in two cores from the Green River Formation, piceance basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Parachute Creek Member of the lacustrine Green River Formation contains thick sequences of rich oil-shale. The richest sequence and the richest oil-shale bed occurring in the member are called the Mahogany zone and the Mahogany bed, respectively, and were deposited in ancient Lake Uinta. The name \"Mahogany\" is derived from the red-brown color imparted to the rock by its rich-kerogen content. Geochemical abundance and distribution of eight major and 18 trace elements were determined in the Mahogany zone sampled from two cores, U. S. Geological Survey core hole CR-2 and U. S. Bureau of Mines core hole O1-A (Figure 1). The oil shale from core hole CR-2 was deposited nearer the margin of Lake Uinta than oil shale from core hole O1-A. The major- and trace-element chemistry of the Mahogany zone from each of these two cores is compared using elemental abundances and Q-mode factor modeling. The results of chemical analyses of 44 CR-2 Mahogany samples and 76 O1-A Mahogany samples are summarized in Figure 2. The average geochemical abundances for shale (1) and black shale (2) are also plotted on Figure 2 for comparison. The elemental abundances in the samples from the two cores are similar for the majority of elements. Differences at the 95% probability level are higher concentrations of Ca, Cu, La, Ni, Sc and Zr in the samples from core hole CR-2 compared to samples from core hole O1-A and higher concentrations of As and Sr in samples from core hole O1-A compared to samples from core hole CR-2. These differences presumably reflect slight differences in depositional conditions or source material at the two sites. The Mahogany oil shale from the two cores has lower concentrations of most trace metals and higher concentrations of carbonate-related elements (Ca, Mg, Sr and Na) compared to the average shale and black shale. During deposition of the Mahogany oil shale, large quantities of carbonates were precipitated resulting in the enrichment of carbonate-related elements and dilution of most trace elements as pointed out in several previous studies. Q-mode factor modeling is a statistical method used to group samples on the basis of compositional similarities. Factor end-member samples are chosen by the model. All other sample compositions are represented by varying proportions of the factor end-members and grouped as to their highest proportion. The compositional similarities defined by the Q-mode model are helpful in understanding processes controlling multi-element distributions. The models for each core are essentially identical. A four-factor model explains 70% of the variance in the CR-2 data and 64% of the O1-A data (the average correlation coefficients are 0. 84 and 0. 80, respectively). Increasing the number of factors above 4 results in the addition of unique instead of common factors. Table I groups the elements based on high factor-loading scores (the amount of influence each element has in defining the model factors). Similar elemental associations are found in both cores. Elemental abundances are plotted as a function of core depth using a five-point weighted moving average of the original data to smooth the curve (Figure 3 and 4). The plots are grouped according to the four factors defined by the Q-mode models and show similar distributions for elements within the same factor. Factor 1 samples are rich in most trace metals. High oil yield and the presence of illite characterize the end-member samples for this factor (3, 4) suggesting that adsorption of metals onto clay particles or organic matter is controlling the distribution of the metals. Precipitation of some metals as sulfides is possible (5). Factor 2 samples are high in elements commonly associated with minerals of detrital or volcanogenic origin. Altered tuff beds and lenses are prevalent within the Mahogany zone. The CR-2 end-member samples for this factor contain analcime (3) which is an alteration product within the tuff beds of the Green River Formation. Th","largerWorkTitle":"Preprints Symposia","language":"English","issn":"05693799","usgsCitation":"Tuttle, M.L., Dean, W., and Parduhn, N.L., 1983, Major and trace elements in Mahogany zone oil shale in two cores from the Green River Formation, piceance basin, Colorado, <i>in</i> Preprints Symposia, v. 28, no. 1, p. 85-90.","startPage":"85","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c0ae4b0c8380cd69972","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tuttle, M. L.","contributorId":71992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parduhn, N. L.","contributorId":69136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parduhn","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012101,"text":"70012101 - 1983 - Magnetic models of crystalline terrane: Accounting for the effect of topography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T16:43:23.981428","indexId":"70012101","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnetic models of crystalline terrane: Accounting for the effect of topography","docAbstract":"<p><span>Igneous rocks commonly have large magnetic susceptibilities so that high topographic relief in crystalline terrane can produce significant anomalies in aeromagnetic surveys. Topographic anomalies are particularly significant in relatively undeformed volcanic terrane because young volcanic rocks generally have large natural remanent magnetizations as well as large susceptibilities. These anomalies commonly appear in aeromagnetic surveys as a complex pattern of high-amplitude, short-wavelength magnetic features that tend to obscure anomalies caused by deeper geologic sources. We have facilitated geologic interpretation of an aeromagnetic survey of the Oregon Cascade Range by calculating the magnetic field caused by a three-dimensional (3-D) topographic model. Maps of the calculated field are compared with observed aeromagnetic data both visually and with a numerical technique that produces a contour map of correlation coefficients for the model. These comparisons allow quick recognition of anomalies caused by normally or reversely magnetized topographic features and, more importantly, identification of anomalies caused by geologic features not obviously caused by the topography.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1441437","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Blakely, R., and Grauch, V.J., 1983, Magnetic models of crystalline terrane: Accounting for the effect of topography: Geophysics, v. 48, no. 11, p. 1551-1557, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1441437.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1551","endPage":"1557","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221865,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b76e4b0c8380cd69574","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":34125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011258,"text":"70011258 - 1983 - Mechanical and chemical compaction in fine-grained shallow-water limestones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T23:40:46.645777","indexId":"70011258","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanical and chemical compaction in fine-grained shallow-water limestones","docAbstract":"<div><div id=\"12458796\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Artificial compaction of in-situ cores of sediments resulted in: 1) reduction of sediment thickness by 50 percent and more; 2) reduction of initial porosities of 65 to 75 percent to 35 to 45 percent; 3) creation of megascopic textures almost identical to many ancient lime mud- and wackestone; 4) creation of organic, wispy \"stylolite-like\" layers; 5) chemical compaction, evidenced by thin sections showing quartz grains piercing mollusc shells without causing fractures and SEM evidence of solutional interfitting of 1 to 4-mu m-size aragonitic carbonate grains; 6) obliteration of pellets and birdseye or fenestral voids in those sediments where early cementation was lacking; obliteration of identifiable marine grasses and vertical \"root\" tube voids; 8) mashing of sediment-filled circular burrows to produce ellipsoidal structures. Significant mechanical compaction resulted from pressures simulating less than 1,000 ft of burial. Increasing loads to more than 10,000 ft did not significantly increase compaction. Chemical compaction was detected only in cores compacted to pressures greater than 10,000 ft of burial. These experiments suggest that chemical compaction would begin at much shallower depths given geologic time. Experiments that caused chemical compaction lend support to the hypothesis that cement required to produce a low-porosity/low-permeability fine-grained limestone is derived internally. Dissolution, ion diffusion, and reprecipitation are the most likely processes for creating significant thicknesses of dense limestones. Continuation of chemical compaction after significant porosity reduction necessitates expulsion of connate fluids, possibly including hydrocarbons.--Modified journal abstract.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F8242-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Shinn, E., and Robbin, D., 1983, Mechanical and chemical compaction in fine-grained shallow-water limestones: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 53, no. 2, p. 595-618, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F8242-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"595","endPage":"618","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220695,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5357e4b0c8380cd6c9f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbin, D.M.","contributorId":101384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbin","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011391,"text":"70011391 - 1983 - Modeling of self-potential anomalies near vertical dikes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T16:29:04.733014","indexId":"70011391","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling of self-potential anomalies near vertical dikes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The self-potential (SP) Green's function for an outcropping vertical dike is derived from solutions for the dc resistivity problem for the same geometry. The Green's functions are numerically integrated over rectangular source regions on the contacts between the dike and the surrounding material to obtain the SP anomaly. The analysis is valid for thermoelectrical source mechanisms. Two types of anomalies can be produced by this geometry. When the two source planes are polarized in opposite directions, a monopolar anomaly is produced. This corresponds to the thermoelectrical properties of the dike being in contrast with the surrounding material. When the thermoelectric coefficients change monotonically across the dike, a dipolar anomaly is produced. In either case positive and negative anomalies are possible, and the greatest variation in potential will occur in the most resistive regions. Examples of the effect of changing different model parameters are given for sources that have constant intensity throughout the rectangular source regions. For these patch models the depth to the top of the source region is approximately equal to the distance between the minimum (or maximum) of the anomaly outside of the dike and the edge of the dike. Field data collected over a hot intrusive fissure are presented which have been modeled by the technique described.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1441456","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Fitterman, D., 1983, Modeling of self-potential anomalies near vertical dikes: Geophysics, v. 48, no. 2, p. 171-180, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1441456.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221587,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c19e4b0c8380cd6fa23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitterman, D.V. 0000-0001-5600-3401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5600-3401","contributorId":70386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitterman","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70010304,"text":"70010304 - 1983 - Stability of streams and lakes on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-16T12:20:34.967206","indexId":"70010304","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stability of streams and lakes on Mars","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id3\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>Under present climatic conditions streams and lakes on Mars will freeze. Freezing is slow and would have a negligible effect in impeding flow of the large floods that are believed to have eroded the outflow channels. Valley networks are more difficult to form under current climatic conditions since they appear to have formed by slow erosion by streams of modest discharges. Freezing of small Martian streams was modeled for a variety of climatic conditions on the supposition that the Martian atmosphere may have been considerably thicker in the past when the valley networks formed. The modeling involves examination of the energy balance at the upper and lower surfaces of ice on streams to determine the rate at which the ice thickens with time. The results indicate that freezing rates are not strongly dependent on atmospheric pressure. With no wind, increasing the pressure by a factor of 10 cuts the time taken to freeze solid only by about a factor of about 2. Under windy conditions dependence on atmospheric pressure is even weaker. The distance that water could travel in a stream before flow is arrested by freezing is also calculated. The distances depend on the initial temperature of the stream and when icings develop, but in general, if a stream deeper than 2 m can be initiated and sustained, the water within it can survive long enough to cut most of the valley networks observed. The main problem with forming the valley is initiating the flow. Groundwater seepage alone appears inadequate because of the difficulty of recharging the groundwater system. Melting of ice precipitated onto the surface following injection of water into the atmosphere by large impacts is a possible source of water, but the climatic conditions under which the ice could melt and the water be collected into streams that can survive long enough to cut the valley is uncertain.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-snippets\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-references\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(83)90168-9","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., 1983, Stability of streams and lakes on Mars: Icarus, v. 56, no. 3, p. 476-495, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(83)90168-9.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"476","endPage":"495","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219443,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b965ce4b08c986b31b46d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":358584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011584,"text":"70011584 - 1983 - Crustal structure of the northern mississippi embayment and a comparison with other continental rift zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-08T13:20:13.877949","indexId":"70011584","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure of the northern mississippi embayment and a comparison with other continental rift zones","docAbstract":"<p>Previous geological and geophysical investigations have suggested that the Mississippi Embayment is the site of a Late Precambrian continental rift that was reactivated in the Mesozoic. New information on the deep structure of the northern Mississippi Embayment, gained through an extensive seismic refraction survey, supports a rifting hypothesis. The data indicate that the crust of the Mississippi Embayment may be characterized by six primary layers that correspond geologically to unconsolidated Mesozoic and Tertiary sediments (1.8 km/s), Paleozoic carbonate and clastic sedimentary rocks (5.9 km/s), a low-velocity layer of Early Paleozoic sediments (4.9 km/s), crystalline upper crust (6.2 km/s), lower crust (6.6 km/s), modified lower crust (7.3 km/s), and mantle. Average crustal thickness is approximately 41 km. The presence and configuration of the low-velocity layer provide new evidence for rifting in the Mississippi Embayment. The layer lies within the northeast-trending upper-crustal graben reported by Kane et al. (1981), and probably represents marine shales deposited in the graben after rifting. The confirmation and delineation of a 7.3 km/s layer, identified in previous studies, implies that the lower crust has been altered by injection of mantle material. Our results indicate that this layer reaches a maximum thickness in the north-central Embayment and thins gradually to the southeast and northwest, and more rapidly to the southwest along the axis of the graben. The apparent doming of the 7.3 km/s layer in the north-central Embayment suggests that rifting may be the result of a triple junction located in the Reelfoot Basin area. The crustal structure of the Mississippi Embayment is compared to other continental rifts: the Rhinegraben, Limagnegraben, Rio Grande Rift, Gregory Rift, and the Salton Trough. This comparison suggests that alteration of the lower crust is a ubiquitous feature of continental rifts.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(83)90023-9","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Mooney, W.D., Andrews, M., Ginzburg, A., Peters, D., and Hamilton, R.M., 1983, Crustal structure of the northern mississippi embayment and a comparison with other continental rift zones: Tectonophysics, v. 94, no. 1-4, p. 327-348, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(83)90023-9.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"348","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi embayment","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.603515625,\n              28.9600886880068\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.62695312499999,\n              28.9600886880068\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.62695312499999,\n              38.03078569382294\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.603515625,\n              38.03078569382294\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.603515625,\n              28.9600886880068\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcefe4b0c8380cd4e51d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":361465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, M.C.","contributorId":62602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ginzburg, A.","contributorId":78472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginzburg","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peters, D.A.","contributorId":33845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hamilton, R. M.","contributorId":69995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"R.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70011277,"text":"70011277 - 1983 - Statistical averaging of marine magnetic anomalies and the aging of oceanic crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T16:54:25.142105","indexId":"70011277","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical averaging of marine magnetic anomalies and the aging of oceanic crust","docAbstract":"<p><span>Visual comparison of Mesozoic and Cenozoic magnetic anomalies in the North Pacific suggests that older anomalies contain less short-wavelength information than younger anomalies in this area. To test this observation, magnetic profiles from the North Pacific are examined from crust of three ages: 0–2.1, 29.3–33.1, and 64.9–70.3 m.y, B.P. For each time period, at least nine profiles were analyzed by (1) calculating the power density spectrum of each profile, (2) averaging the spectra together, and (3) computing a ‘recording filter’ for each time period by assuming a hypothetical seafloor model. The model assumes that the top of the source is acoustic basement, the source thickness is 0.5 km, and the time scale of geomagnetic reversals is according to Ness et al. (1980). The calculated power density spectra of the three recording filters are complex in shape but show an increase of attenuation of short-wavelength information as the crust ages. These results are interpreted using a multilayer model for marine magnetic anomalies in which the upper layer, corresponding to pillow basalt of seismic layer 2A, acts as a source of noise to the magnetic anomalies. As the ocean crust ages, this noisy contribution by the pillow basalts becomes less significant to the anomalies. Consequently, magnetic sources below layer 2A must be faithful recorders of geomagnetic reversals.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iB03p02289","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Blakely, R., 1983, Statistical averaging of marine magnetic anomalies and the aging of oceanic crust: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 88, no. B3, p. 2289-2296, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB03p02289.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2289","endPage":"2296","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220970,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b971fe4b08c986b31b8c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011253,"text":"70011253 - 1983 - INTERACTIVE NAME PLACEMENT FOR PROVISIONAL MAPS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:08","indexId":"70011253","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"INTERACTIVE NAME PLACEMENT FOR PROVISIONAL MAPS.","docAbstract":"Computer generation and placement of map type has been refined into a production mode at Mid-Continent Mapping Center (MCMC) for USGS 1:24,000- and 1:25,000-scale Provisional maps. The map collar program is written in FORTRAN using batch processing that allows the program to work in the background.","largerWorkTitle":"Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping.","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Congress on Surveying & Mapping","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","usgsCitation":"Goldberg, J.L., and Miller, T.C., 1983, INTERACTIVE NAME PLACEMENT FOR PROVISIONAL MAPS., <i>in</i> Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping, Washington, DC, USA, p. 314-321.","startPage":"314","endPage":"321","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37d0e4b0c8380cd611b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldberg, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":59947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Thomas C.","contributorId":13752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011397,"text":"70011397 - 1983 - Atomic-absorption determination of mercury in geological materials by flame and carbon-rod atomisation after solvent extraction and using co-extracted silver as a matrix modifier","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-29T15:38:44.163539","indexId":"70011397","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3541,"text":"The Analyst","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atomic-absorption determination of mercury in geological materials by flame and carbon-rod atomisation after solvent extraction and using co-extracted silver as a matrix modifier","docAbstract":"Based on modifications and expansion of the original Tindall's solvent extraction flame atomic-absorption procedure, an atomic-absorption spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of mercury in geological materials. The sample is digested with nitric and hydrochloric acids in a boiling water-bath. The solution is made ammoniacal and potassium iodide and silver nitrate are added. The mercury is extracted into isobutyl methyl ketone as the tetraiodomercurate(ll). Added silver is co-extracted with mercury and serves as a matrix modifier in the carbon-rod atomiser. The mercury in the isobutyl methyl ketone extract may be determined by either the flame- or the carbon-rod atomisation method, depending on the concentration level. The limits of determination are 0.05-10 p.p.m. of mercury for the carbon-rod atomisation and 1 -200 p.p.m. of mercury for the flame atomisation. Mercury values for reference samples obtained by replicate analyses are in good agreement with those reported by other workers, with relative standard deviations ranging from 2.3 to 0.9%. Recoveries of mercury spiked at two levels were 93-106%. Major and trace elements commonly found in geological materials do not interfere.","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/AN9830800058","issn":"00032654","usgsCitation":"Sanzolone, R.F., and Chao, T.T., 1983, Atomic-absorption determination of mercury in geological materials by flame and carbon-rod atomisation after solvent extraction and using co-extracted silver as a matrix modifier: The Analyst, v. 108, no. 1282, p. 58-63, https://doi.org/10.1039/AN9830800058.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"58","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221665,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1282","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eec9e4b0c8380cd49f6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanzolone, R. F.","contributorId":64199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanzolone","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chao, T. T.","contributorId":31900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011254,"text":"70011254 - 1983 - Kinetic analysis of strontium and potassium sorption onto sands and gravels in a natural channel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T09:40:18","indexId":"70011254","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinetic analysis of strontium and potassium sorption onto sands and gravels in a natural channel","docAbstract":"<p><span>A kinetic, first-order mass transfer model was used to describe the sorption of strontium onto sand- and gravel-sized streambed sediments. Rate parameters, empirically determined for strontium, allowed for the prediction of potassium sorption with moderate success. The model parameters varied significantly with particle size. The sorption data were collected during an experimental injection of several elements into a small mountain pool-and-riffle stream. The sorption process onto sand- and gravel-sized sediment was relatively slow compared to changes in the dissolved concentrations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR019i003p00725","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., Jackman, A.P., Kennedy, V.C., Avanzino, R.J., and Zellweger, G.W., 1983, Kinetic analysis of strontium and potassium sorption onto sands and gravels in a natural channel: Water Resources Research, v. 19, no. 3, p. 725-731, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR019i003p00725.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"725","endPage":"731","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40a3e4b0c8380cd64f07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":360671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackman, Alan P.","contributorId":28239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackman","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, Vance C.","contributorId":102063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Vance","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Avanzino, Ronald J.","contributorId":24355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zellweger, Gary W.","contributorId":71171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70012067,"text":"70012067 - 1983 - Isotopic evidence from the eastern Canadian shield for geochemical discontinuity in the proterozoic mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:03","indexId":"70012067","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic evidence from the eastern Canadian shield for geochemical discontinuity in the proterozoic mantle","docAbstract":"Most workers agree that Proterozoic anorthosite massifs represent the crystallization products of mantle-derived magmas1,2, although the composition of the parental melts is a major unsolved petrological problem 3. As mantle-derived rocks, the massifs can be used as geochemical probes of their late Precambrian upper mantle sources. We report here Nd and Sr isotopic compositions of anorthosites and related rocks from the Grenville and Nain Provinces of the eastern Canadian shield. Here 75% of the Earth's known anorthosite is found in a 1,600-km belt from the Adirondack Mountains of northern New York State to the eastern coast of Labrador4 (Fig. 1). The results indicate that the massifs were derived from at least two distinct mantle source regions which were established before 1,650 Myr ago, and were episodically involved in magmatism over ???500 Myr. One reservoir, below the Grenville Province, and probably below much of the eastern Superior Province, was isotopically similar to the depleted, modern-day mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) source. The other reservoir was chondritic to moderately enriched, and is most easily identified in the Nain Province, but may have occurred scattered throughout the Superior Province. ?? 1983 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/306679a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Ashwal, L., and Wooden, J.L., 1983, Isotopic evidence from the eastern Canadian shield for geochemical discontinuity in the proterozoic mantle: Nature, v. 306, no. 5944, p. 679-680, https://doi.org/10.1038/306679a0.","startPage":"679","endPage":"680","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205241,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306679a0"}],"volume":"306","issue":"5944","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fb1e4b0c8380cd64736","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ashwal, L.D.","contributorId":82060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashwal","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012068,"text":"70012068 - 1983 - MASS STORAGE ESTIMATES FOR THE DIGITAL MAPPING AREA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:03","indexId":"70012068","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"MASS STORAGE ESTIMATES FOR THE DIGITAL MAPPING AREA.","docAbstract":"Modern computer technology offers cartographers the potential for transition from conventional film-oriented methods to digital techniques as the way of mapping in the future. Traditional methods utilizing silver halide aerial and lithographic films for storage are time proven, and film is a very high density archival storage media. In view of this, proponents of the digital era recognize that a breakthrough in mass storage technology may be required to attain a reasonable degree of computerization of the cartographic mapping and data management process.","largerWorkTitle":"Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping.","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Congress on Surveying & Mapping","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","usgsCitation":"Light, D.L., 1983, MASS STORAGE ESTIMATES FOR THE DIGITAL MAPPING AREA., <i>in</i> Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping, Washington, DC, USA, p. 152-164.","startPage":"152","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4abae4b0c8380cd68fc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Light, Donald L.","contributorId":28011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Light","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011602,"text":"70011602 - 1983 - A teleseismic analysis of the New Brunswick earthquake of January 9, 1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T16:28:56.023172","indexId":"70011602","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A teleseismic analysis of the New Brunswick earthquake of January 9, 1982","docAbstract":"<p><span>The analysis of the New Brunswick earthquake of January 9, 1982, has important implications for the evaluation of seismic hazards in eastern North America. Although moderate in size (</span><i>m<sub>b</sub></i><span>&nbsp;5.7), it was well-recorded teleseismically. Source characteristics of this earthquake have been determined from analysis of data that were digitally recorded by the Global Digital Seismograph Network. From broadband displacement and velocity records of&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;waves, we have obtained a dynamic description of the rupture process as well as conventional static properties of the source. The depth of the hypocenter is estimated to be 9 km from depth phases. The focal mechanism determined from the broadband data corresponds to predominantly thrust faulting. From the variation in the waveforms the direction of slip is inferred to be updip on a west dipping NNE striking fault plane. The steep dip of the inferred fault plane suggests that the earthquake occurred on a preexisting fault that was at one time a normal fault. From an inversion of bodywave pulse durations, the estimated rupture length is 5.5 km. Average properties of the rupture process were examined by a moment tensor analysis of long-period&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>SH</i><span>&nbsp;body waves. The long-period moment of this earthquake was 5.3 × 10</span><sup>24</sup><span>&nbsp;dyne cm. The static and dynamic stress drops are 41 and 65 bars, respectively, similar to those of many earthquakes with similar moment in regions that are more seismically active. The joint epicenter determination algorithm was used to locate, relative to the mainshock, the three teleseismically recorded aftershocks that occurred through March 31, 1982. The relocated hypocenters of the aftershocks are significantly different from each other and from that of the mainshock; they provide additional support for the source dimensions inferred from the waveform analysis.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iB03p02199","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Choy, G.L., Boatwright, J., Dewey, J.W., and Sipkin, S., 1983, A teleseismic analysis of the New Brunswick earthquake of January 9, 1982: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 88, no. B3, p. 2199-2212, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB03p02199.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2199","endPage":"2212","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220714,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5f3e4b0c8380cd47056","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choy, G. L. 0000-0002-0217-5555","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-5555","contributorId":78322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boatwright, J.","contributorId":87297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dewey, J. W.","contributorId":31008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sipkin, S.A.","contributorId":9399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sipkin","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70011272,"text":"70011272 - 1983 - The use of MAGSAT data to determine secular variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T16:51:26.602642","indexId":"70011272","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of MAGSAT data to determine secular variation","docAbstract":"<p><span>A combined spatial and secular variation model of the geomagnetic field, labeled M061581, is derived from a selection of Magsat data. Secular variation (SV) data computed from linear fits to midnight hourly values from 19 magnetic observatories were also included in the analysis but were seen to have little effect on the model. The SV patterns from this new model are compared with those from the 1980 IGRF and with those for 1970 computed by the DGRF and with the 1960 patterns computed using the GSFC(12/66) model. Most of the features of the M061581 are identical in location and level with those of the 1980 IGRF. Together they confirm that the reversals in sign of field change seen over Asia and North America between 1965 and 1975 are reverting to the pre-1965 states. The M061581 model gives −32 nT/yr for the dipole decay rate, larger than the 70% increase already reported since 1965. This abnormally high value is interpreted as being a defect of the model because it appears to result from a much larger (−100 nT/yr) drop in field over the polar regions not indicated by the 1980 IGRF. This north polar decrease is shown to be of external origin as the result of a combination of the seasonal effect of the north polar ionospheric (counterclockwise) afternoon&nbsp;</span><i>Sq<sup>p</sup></i><span>&nbsp;cell increasing in intensity from the beginning (November 1979) to the end (June 1980) of the Magsat data collection period, coupled with an enhancement of its effect as the orbit lowered from the 350– 550 km initial altitudes to near 200 km just prior to burnup. This experiment indicates that secular variation can be obtained from satellite data for intervals of less than a full year if corrections can be made for seasonal effects and that ‘annual snapshots’ of the field by a satellite would allow easy and accurate models of secular change without the use of any surface data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iB07p05903","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Cain, J., Frayser, J., Muth, L., and Schmitz, D., 1983, The use of MAGSAT data to determine secular variation: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 88, no. B7, p. 5903-5910, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB07p05903.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"5903","endPage":"5910","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220893,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb15be4b08c986b3252eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, J.C.","contributorId":68457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frayser, J.","contributorId":83665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frayser","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muth, L.","contributorId":10035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muth","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmitz, D.","contributorId":45832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitz","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70011257,"text":"70011257 - 1983 - Paleohydraulic reconstruction of flash- flood peaks from boulder deposits in the Colorado Front Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T12:32:31.770285","indexId":"70011257","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleohydraulic reconstruction of flash- flood peaks from boulder deposits in the Colorado Front Range","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15191396\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Nine watersheds in the Colorado Front Range with steep bedrock channels were used to test the accuracy of paleohydraulic reconstruction of large flash floods using boulder deposits. The nine basins consist of eight small ungauged basins ranging in size from 1.6 to 29 km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and the Big Thompson River at the mouth of the Big Thompson Canyon, draining 790 km<sup>2</sup>. Between 1923 and 1976, all nine basins had had one catastrophic flash flood, the magnitude of which has been estimated by the conventional slope-area method.</p><p>In each basin, coarse boulder deposits of the large flash floods were identified, and three axes of the five largest boulders were measured, along with at least two profiles of the valley cross section. A simple arithmetic average of two theoretical and two empirical relationships was used to estimate average flood velocity using boulder size and shape. Average depth was estimated as the arithmetic average of four values computed from the Manning equation, a regression equation for boulder size and unit stream power, a relative smoothness equation, and a modified Shields' relationship. The appropriate flood width for the estimated average depth was found by iteration, using the valley cross sections.</p><p>The paleohydraulic discharges thus computed generally underestimate conventional slope-area discharge estimates on small streams by as much as 75%, although the average amount is only 28% too low, and the reconstructed discharge in one stream was 31% too large. The Big Thompson River flood of 1976 was overestimated by 76%. Reasons for discrepancy in reconstructed peaks could include (1) the possibility that floods may have been able to move boulders larger than those available to be moved; (2) overestimation of the slope-area discharge because high-water marks were set prior to erosion of the channel; (3) underestimation of original roughness coefficients; and (4) macroturbulent effects during fast, deep flows.</p><p>The paleohydraulic technique is applied to two other streams in Colorado with sedimentological evidence of large flash floods, but no conventional indirect discharge estimates. A small tributary to the Big Thompson River draining 1.8 km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>has a paleohydraulic reconstructed flood peak of about 60 m<sup>3</sup>/s from a flood in 1976. Using boulders excavated from a foundation site in Holocene alluvium along Boulder Creek in Boulder, Colorado, a paleohydraulic reconstructed flood peak of between 860 and 1,512 m<sup>3</sup>/s is calculated. This is 1.4 to 2.4 times the magnitude of the estimated 500-yr flood.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<986:PROFPF>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Costa, J.E., 1983, Paleohydraulic reconstruction of flash- flood peaks from boulder deposits in the Colorado Front Range: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 94, no. 8, p. 986-1004, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<986:PROFPF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"986","endPage":"1004","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220694,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73f4e4b0c8380cd7734b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Costa, J. E.","contributorId":28977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38584,"text":"pp1277 - 1983 - Hydrologic and geomorphic studies of the Platte River basin","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8117,"text":"ofr811116 - 1981 - Simulated hydrologic effects of possible ground-water and surface-water management alternatives in and near the Platte River, south-central Nebraska","indexId":"ofr811116","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Simulated hydrologic effects of possible ground-water and surface-water management alternatives in and near the Platte River, south-central Nebraska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38584,"text":"pp1277 - 1983 - Hydrologic and geomorphic studies of the Platte River basin","indexId":"pp1277","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic and geomorphic studies of the Platte River basin"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-22T19:13:25.616513","indexId":"pp1277","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1277","title":"Hydrologic and geomorphic studies of the Platte River basin","docAbstract":"The channels of the Platte River and its major tributaries, the South Platte and North Platte Rivers in Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska, have undergone major changes in hydrologic regime and morphology since about 1860, when the water resources of the basin began to be developed for agricultural, municipal, and industrial uses. These water uses have continued to increase with growth in population and land development. Diversion of flow from channels, storage of water in reservoirs, and increased use of ground water have affected the distribution and timing of streamflows and the transport of fluvial sediments. All these factors have contributed to changes in channel geometry and the riverine environment.\r\n\r\nIn 1979, the U.S. Geological Survey began investigations in the Platte River basin to determine the effects of water use on the hydrology and morphology of the Platte River and its major tributaries. These investigations also considered the relationship of hydrologic regime to factors that control or affect the habitat of migratory waterfowl in the Platte River valley.\r\n\r\nThis volume brings together the results of several research studies on historical changes in channel morphology, surface-water hydrology, hydraulic geometry, sediment-transport and bedform processes, ground-water and surface-water relations, stochastic models of streamflow and precipitation, and methods for estimating discharge required to maintain channel width. In each of the studies, data on some segment of the Platte River hydrologic system were collected and interpreted. All the studies are interrelated; together they provide some degree of understanding of regime changes that are occurring. The hydrologic research described in the following chapters will be useful in decision-making pertaining to the management of water resources and migratory waterfowl habitats.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1277","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1983, Hydrologic and geomorphic studies of the Platte River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1277, 297 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1277.","productDescription":"297 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120025,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1277/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65397,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1277/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416915,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74514.htm","text":"Hydrologic and morphologic changes in channels of the Platte River Basin in Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska: a historical perspective","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":494561,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74520.htm","text":"Simulated hydrologic effects of possible ground-water and surface-water management alternatives in and near the Platte River, south-central Nebraska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":494560,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74519.htm","text":"A stochastic streamflow model and precipitation model for the Platte River from Gothenburg to Grand Island, Nebraska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":494559,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74518.htm","text":"Relation of channel-width maintenance to sediment transport and river morphology: Platte River, south-central Nebraska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":494562,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74521.htm","text":"Ground-water hydrology of the Mormon Island Crane Meadows Wildlife area near Grand Island, Hall County, Nebraska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":494558,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74517.htm","text":"Interpretation of sediment data for the South Platte River in Colorado and Nebraska, and the North Platte and Platte Rivers in Nebraska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":494557,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74516.htm","text":"Hydraulic geometry of the Platte River near Overton, south-central Nebraska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":494556,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74515.htm","text":"Effects of water development on surface-water hydrology, Platte River Basin in Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska upstream from Duncan Nebraska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Nebraska, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Platte River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.06337546697512,\n              39.229893136534116\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.18895980010433,\n              40.144489715784374\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.8494900961135,\n              40.3909684886664\n            ],\n            [\n              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,{"id":70011461,"text":"70011461 - 1983 - Authigenic vivianite in Potomac River sediments: control by ferric oxy-hydroxides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T23:33:50.21923","indexId":"70011461","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Authigenic vivianite in Potomac River sediments: control by ferric oxy-hydroxides","docAbstract":"<div><div id=\"12458449\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Sand-size particles of vivianite (Fe<span>&nbsp;</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(PO<span>&nbsp;</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>)<span>&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>.8H<span>&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>O) have been identified in surficial sediments of the tidal Potomac River near a major sewage treatment plant. Vivianite is concentrated in a surface layer of coarse-sand dredge spoil, which overlies much finer sediment. Although saturation indices indicate that the pore waters of virtually all the sediments in the study area are supersaturated with respect to vivianite, it is found only in association with dredge spoil. Pore-water profiles of Fe, P, and Eh, and the size and morphology of individual grains, indicate that the vivianite is authigenic. The major control on the occurrence of the mineral is the presence or absence of amorphous ferric oxy-hydroxides, which react with pore-water phosphorus to form stable ferric hydroxy-phosphates preferentially to the formation of vivianite.--Modified journal abstract.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F817F-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Hearn, P., Parkhurst, D., and Callender, E., 1983, Authigenic vivianite in Potomac River sediments: control by ferric oxy-hydroxides: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 53, no. 1, p. 165-177, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F817F-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221666,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eeeee4b0c8380cd4a042","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearn, P.P.","contributorId":18380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"P.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkhurst, D.L.","contributorId":12474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Callender, E.","contributorId":72528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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