Initial visual assessments
\nWide range in the quality of fit between features in NHD and these new image sources.
\nNo statistical analysis has been performed to actually quantify accuracy
\nDetermining absolute accuracy is cost prohibitive (must collect independent, well defined test points)
\nQuantitative analysis of relative positional error is feasible.
","largerWorkTitle":"JACIE 2013 Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"JACIE 2013","conferenceDate":"2013-04-15T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Saint Louis, MO","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Arundel, S., Yamamoto, K.H., Constance, E., Mantey, K., and Vinyard-Houx, J., 2013, Alaska national hydrography dataset positional accuracy assessment study, 20 p.","productDescription":"20 p.","numberOfPages":"20","ipdsId":"IP-044736","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281148,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://calval.cr.usgs.gov/aboutus/staff/jacie-2013/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.45,51.21 ], [ 172.45,71.39 ], [ -129.99,71.39 ], [ -129.99,51.21 ], [ 172.45,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b3d862e4b07c5f79a7f32a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arundel, Samantha","contributorId":52491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arundel","given":"Samantha","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yamamoto, Kristina H. khyamamoto@usgs.gov","contributorId":4490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamamoto","given":"Kristina","email":"khyamamoto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Constance, Eric","contributorId":13548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constance","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mantey, Kim","contributorId":42878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mantey","given":"Kim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vinyard-Houx, Jeremy","contributorId":69065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vinyard-Houx","given":"Jeremy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70107088,"text":"70107088 - 2013 - Dryland soil microbial communities display spatial biogeographic patterns associated with soil depth and soil parent material","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-20T09:22:11","indexId":"70107088","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1619,"text":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology","onlineIssn":"1574-6941","printIssn":"0168-6496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dryland soil microbial communities display spatial biogeographic patterns associated with soil depth and soil parent material","docAbstract":"Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are common to drylands worldwide. We employed replicated, spatially nested sampling and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to describe the soil microbial communities in three soils derived from different parent material (sandstone, shale, and gypsum). For each soil type, two depths (biocrusts, 0–1 cm; below-crust soils, 2–5 cm) and two horizontal spatial scales (15 cm and 5 m) were sampled. In all three soils, Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria demonstrated significantly higher relative abundance in the biocrusts, while Chloroflexi and Archaea were significantly enriched in the below-crust soils. Biomass and diversity of the communities in biocrusts or below-crust soils did not differ with soil type. However, biocrusts on gypsum soil harbored significantly larger populations of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria and lower populations of Cyanobacteria. Numerically dominant operational taxonomic units (OTU; 97% sequence identity) in the biocrusts were conserved across the soil types, whereas two dominant OTUs in the below-crust sand and shale soils were not identified in the gypsum soil. The uniformity with which small-scale vertical community differences are maintained across larger horizontal spatial scales and soil types is a feature of dryland ecosystems that should be considered when designing management plans and determining the response of biocrusts to environmental disturbances.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1574-6941.12143","usgsCitation":"Steven, B., Gallegos-Graves, L., Belnap, J., and Kuske, C.R., 2013, Dryland soil microbial communities display spatial biogeographic patterns associated with soil depth and soil parent material: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, v. 86, no. 1, p. 101-113, https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6941.12143.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-051577","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6941.12143","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":287311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287297,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1574-6941.12143"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","city":"Castle Valley;Moab","otherGeospatial":"Canyonlands National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.1039,37.9598 ], [ -110.1039,38.9525 ], [ -109.1146,38.9525 ], [ -109.1146,37.9598 ], [ -110.1039,37.9598 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"86","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537c7966e4b00e1e1a484858","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steven, Blaire","contributorId":48470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steven","given":"Blaire","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallegos-Graves, La Verne","contributorId":97408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos-Graves","given":"La Verne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuske, Cheryl R.","contributorId":81063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuske","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048003,"text":"70048003 - 2013 - Hydrogen isotope investigation of amphibole and glass in dacite magmas erupted in 1980-1986 and 2005 at Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T08:50:54","indexId":"70048003","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T08:26:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogen isotope investigation of amphibole and glass in dacite magmas erupted in 1980-1986 and 2005 at Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"In active, shallow, sub-volcanic magma conduits the extent of the dehydrogenation–oxidation reaction in amphibole phenocrysts is controlled by energetic processes that cause crystal lattice damage or conditions that increase hydrogen diffusivity in magmatic phases. Amphibole phenocrysts separated from dacitic volcanic rocks erupted from 1980 to 1986 and in 2005 at Mount St. Helens (MSH) were analyzed for δD, water content and Fe3+/Fe2+, and fragments of glassy groundmass were analyzed for δD and water content. Changes in amphibole δD values through time are evaluated within the context of carefully observed volcanic eruption behavior and published petrological and geochemical investigations. Driving forces for amphibole dehydrogenation include increase in magma oxygen fugacity, decrease in amphibole hydrogen fugacity, or both. The phenocryst amphibole (δD value c. –57‰ and 2 wt % H2O) in the white fallout pumice of the May 18, 1980 plinian eruptive phase is probably little modified during rapid magma ascent up an ∼7 km conduit. Younger volcanic rocks incorporate some shallowly degassed dacitic magma from earlier pulses, based on amphibole phenocryst populations that exhibit varying degrees of dehydrogenation. Pyroclastic rocks from explosive eruptions in June–October 1980 have elevated abundances of mottled amphibole phenocrysts (peaking in some pyroclastic rocks erupted on July 22, 1980), and extensive amphibole dehydrogenation is linked to crystal damage from vesiculation and pyroclastic fountain collapse that increased effective hydrogen diffusion in amphibole. Multiple amphibole δD populations in many 1980 pyroclastic rocks combined with their groundmass characteristics (e.g. mixed pumice textures) support models of shallow mixing prior to, or during, eruption as new, volatile-rich magma pulses blended with more oxidized, degassed magma. Amphibole dehydrogenation is quenched at the top surface of MSH dacite lava lobes, but the diversity in the δDamph populations in original fresh lava flow surfaces may occur from blending magma domains with different ascent histories in the sub-volcanic environment immediately before eruption. Multi-stage open-system magma degassing operated in each parcel of magma rising toward the surface, whereas the magma below ∼7 km was a relatively closed system, at least to the October 1986 eruption based on the large population of minimally dehydrogenated, rim-free amphibole in the lavas. Magma degassing and possibly H isotope exchange with low-δD fluids around the roof zone may have accompanied the ∼1·5 km upward migration of the 1980 magma body. The low-δDamph (c. –188 to –122‰) oxy-amphibole phenocrysts in lava spines extruded in May 2005 reflect dehydrogenation as ascending viscous magma degassed and crystallized, and fractures that admitted oxygen into the hot solidified lava spine interior facilitated additional iron oxidation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egt005","usgsCitation":"Underwood, S., Feeley, T., and Clynne, M., 2013, Hydrogen isotope investigation of amphibole and glass in dacite magmas erupted in 1980-1986 and 2005 at Mount St. Helens, Washington: Journal of Petrology, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egt005.","productDescription":"24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-026724","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277328,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egt005"},{"id":277351,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.2501,45.5578 ], [ -122.2501,46.3892 ], [ -121.5148,46.3892 ], [ -121.5148,45.5578 ], [ -122.2501,45.5578 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522af966e4b08fd0132e79ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Underwood, S.J.","contributorId":101734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feeley, T.C.","contributorId":17793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feeley","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047748,"text":"70047748 - 2013 - Chemical controls on fault behavior: weakening of serpentinite sheared against quartz-bearing rocks and its significance for fault creep in the San Andreas system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-22T08:16:11","indexId":"70047748","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T08:06:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical controls on fault behavior: weakening of serpentinite sheared against quartz-bearing rocks and its significance for fault creep in the San Andreas system","docAbstract":"The serpentinized ultramafic rocks found in many plate-tectonic settings commonly are juxtaposed against crustal rocks along faults, and the chemical contrast between the rock types potentially could influence the mechanical behavior of such faults. To investigate this possibility, we conducted triaxial experiments under hydrothermal conditions (200-350°C), shearing serpentinite gouge between forcing blocks of granite or quartzite. In an ultramafic chemical environment, the coefficient of friction, µ, of lizardite and antigorite serpentinite is 0.5-0.6, and µ increases with increasing temperature over the tested range. However, when either lizardite or antigorite serpentinite is sheared against granite or quartzite, strength is reduced to µ ~ 0.3, with the greatest strength reductions at the highest temperatures (temperature weakening) and slowest shearing rates (velocity strengthening). The weakening is attributed to a solution-transfer process that is promoted by the enhanced solubility of serpentine in pore fluids whose chemistry has been modified by interaction with the quartzose wall rocks. The operation of this process will promote aseismic slip (creep) along serpentinite-bearing crustal faults at otherwise seismogenic depths. During short-term experiments serpentine minerals reprecipitate in low-stress areas, whereas in longer experiments new Mg-rich phyllosilicates crystallize in response to metasomatic exchanges across the serpentinite-crustal rock contact. Long-term shear of serpentinite against crustal rocks will cause the metasomatic mineral assemblages, which may include extremely weak minerals such as saponite or talc, to play an increasingly important role in the mechanical behavior of the fault. Our results may explain the distribution of creep on faults in the San Andreas system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jgrb.50140","usgsCitation":"Moore, D.E., and Lockner, D.A., 2013, Chemical controls on fault behavior: weakening of serpentinite sheared against quartz-bearing rocks and its significance for fault creep in the San Andreas system: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 118, no. 5, p. 2558-2570, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50140.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2558","endPage":"2570","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-038378","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50140","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":276880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276875,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50140"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault System","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,41.12 ], [ -115.25,41.12 ], [ -115.25,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"118","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521732e3e4b043bae8d2e5cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Diane E. 0000-0002-8641-1075 dmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1075","contributorId":2704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Diane","email":"dmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, David A. 0000-0001-8630-6833 dlockner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"David","email":"dlockner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043407,"text":"70043407 - 2013 - Reevaluation of the Piermont-Frontenac allochthon in the Upper Connecticut Valley: Restoration of a coherent Boundary Mountains–Bronson Hill stratigraphic sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-07T15:09:37","indexId":"70043407","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reevaluation of the Piermont-Frontenac allochthon in the Upper Connecticut Valley: Restoration of a coherent Boundary Mountains–Bronson Hill stratigraphic sequence","docAbstract":"The regional extent and mode and time of emplacement of the Piermont-Frontenac allochthon in the Boundary Mountains–Bronson Hill anticlinorium of the Upper Connecticut Valley, New Hampshire–Vermont, are controversial. Moench and coworkers beginning in the 1980s proposed that much of the autochthonous pre–Middle Ordovician section of the anticlinorium was a large allochthon of Silurian to Early Devonian rocks correlated to those near Rangeley, Maine. This ∼200-km-long allochthon was postulated to have been transported westward in the latest Silurian to Early Devonian as a soft-sediment gravity slide on a hypothesized Foster Hill fault. New mapping and U-Pb geochronology do not support this interpretation. The undisputed Rangeley sequence in the Bean Brook slice is different from the disputed sequence in the proposed larger Piermont-Frontenac allochthon, and field evidence for the Foster Hill fault is lacking. At the type locality on Foster Hill, the postulated “fault” is a stratigraphic contact within the Ordovician Ammonoosuc Volcanics. The proposed Foster Hill fault would place the Piermont-Frontenac allochthon over the inverted limb of the Cornish(?) nappe, which includes the Emsian Littleton Formation, thus limiting the alleged submarine slide to post-Emsian time. Mafic dikes of the 419 Ma Comerford Intrusive Complex intrude previously folded strata attributed to the larger Piermont-Frontenac allochthon as well as the autochthonous Albee Formation and Ammonoosuc Volcanics. The Lost Nation pluton intruded and produced hornfels in previously deformed Albee strata. Zircons from an apophysis of the pluton in the hornfels have a thermal ionization mass spectrometry 207Pb/206Pb age of 444.1 ± 2.1 Ma. Tonalite near Bath, New Hampshire, has a zircon sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe 206Pb/238U age of 492.5 ± 7.8 Ma. The tonalite intrudes the Albee Formation, formerly interpreted as the Silurian Perry Mountain Formation of the proposed allochthon. Collectively, these features indicate that the large Piermont-Frontenac allochthon gravity slide of Silurian-Devonian strata, as previously proposed, cannot exist. Allochthonous rocks are restricted to a 25 km2 klippe, the Bean Brook slice, emplaced by hard-rock thrusting in the post-Emsian Devonian. The Albee Formation, the oldest unit in the study area, is older than the Late Cambrian tonalite at Bath. The correlation and apparent continuity along strike to the northeast of the Albee Formation with the Dead River Formation suggest that the Albee Formation, like the Dead River Formation, is of Ganderian affinity and that the Bronson Hill magmatic arc in the Upper Connecticut Valley was built on Ganderian crust. The Dead River Formation is unconformably overlain by Middle and Upper Ordovician volcanic units; the unconformity is attributed to the pre-Arenig Penobscottian orogeny. Some of the pre-Silurian deformation in the Upper Connecticut Valley may be Penobscottian rather than Taconian. New stratigraphic units defined herein include the pelitic Scarritt Member of the Albee Formation, the Ordovician Washburn Brook Formation consisting of synsedimentary breccia and coticule, chert, and ironstone, and the Devonian–Silurian Sawyer Mountain Formation, probably correlative with the Frontenac Formation. The Partridge Formation is partially coeval with the Ammonoosuc Volcanics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B30590.1","usgsCitation":"Rankin, D., Tucker, R.D., and Amelin, Y., 2013, Reevaluation of the Piermont-Frontenac allochthon in the Upper Connecticut Valley: Restoration of a coherent Boundary Mountains–Bronson Hill stratigraphic sequence: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 125, no. 5-6, p. 998-1024, https://doi.org/10.1130/B30590.1.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"998","endPage":"1024","ipdsId":"IP-035967","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273462,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273461,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B30590.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire;Vermont","volume":"125","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b300e6e4b01368e589e3f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rankin, Douglas W. dwrankin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankin","given":"Douglas W.","email":"dwrankin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":473536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tucker, Robert D. 0000-0001-8463-4358 rtucker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8463-4358","contributorId":2007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Robert","email":"rtucker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amelin, Yuri","contributorId":94955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amelin","given":"Yuri","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173756,"text":"70173756 - 2013 - Incorporating harvest rates into the sex-age-kill model for white-tailed deer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T16:14:05","indexId":"70173756","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporating harvest rates into the sex-age-kill model for white-tailed deer","docAbstract":"Although monitoring population trends is an essential component of game species management, wildlife managers rarely have complete counts of abundance. Often, they rely on population models to monitor population trends. As imperfect representations of real-world populations, models must be rigorously evaluated to be applied appropriately. Previous research has evaluated population models for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus); however, the precision and reliability of these models when tested against empirical measures of variability and bias largely is untested. We were able to statistically evaluate the Pennsylvania sex-age-kill (PASAK) population model using realistic error measured using data from 1,131 radiocollared white-tailed deer in Pennsylvania from 2002 to 2008. We used these data and harvest data (number killed, age-sex structure, etc.) to estimate precision of abundance estimates, identify the most efficient harvest data collection with respect to precision of parameter estimates, and evaluate PASAK model robustness to violation of assumptions. Median coefficient of variation (CV) estimates by Wildlife Management Unit, 13.2% in the most recent year, were slightly above benchmarks recommended for managing game species populations. Doubling reporting rates by hunters or doubling the number of deer checked by personnel in the field reduced median CVs to recommended levels. The PASAK model was robust to errors in estimates for adult male harvest rates but was sensitive to errors in subadult male harvest rates, especially in populations with lower harvest rates. In particular, an error in subadult (1.5-yr-old) male harvest rates resulted in the opposite error in subadult male, adult female, and juvenile population estimates. Also, evidence of a greater harvest probability for subadult female deer when compared with adult (≥2.5-yr-old) female deer resulted in a 9.5% underestimate of the population using the PASAK model. Because obtaining appropriate sample sizes, by management unit, to estimate harvest rate parameters each year may be too expensive, assumptions of constant annual harvest rates may be necessary. However, if changes in harvest regulations or hunter behavior influence subadult male harvest rates, the PASAK model could provide an unreliable index to population changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.486","usgsCitation":"Norton, A.S., Diefenbach, D.R., Rosenberry, C.S., and Wallingford, B.D., 2013, Incorporating harvest rates into the sex-age-kill model for white-tailed deer: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 77, no. 3, p. 606-615, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.486.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"606","endPage":"615","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031059","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323328,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575941ffe4b04f417c2568a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norton, Andrew S.","contributorId":171631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norton","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147 drd11@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":5235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane","email":"drd11@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberry, Christopher S.","contributorId":171633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wallingford, Bret D.","contributorId":171632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wallingford","given":"Bret","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70045745,"text":"ds709BB - 2013 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the North Bamyan mineral district in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-01T22:02:40","indexId":"ds709BB","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"BB","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the North Bamyan mineral district in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the North Bamyan mineral district, which has copper deposits.\n\nALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420–500 nanometer, nm), green (520–600 nm), red (610–690 nm), and near-infrared (760–890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520–770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (©JAXA,2006,2007, 2008), but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement.\n\nThe selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar-elevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. Therefore, it was necessary to (1) register the 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery to a well-controlled Landsat image base, (2) mosaic the individual multispectral images into a single image of the entire area of interest, (3) register each panchromatic image to the registered multispectral image base, and (4) mosaic the individual panchromatic images into a single image of the entire area of interest. The two image-registration steps were facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band's picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 500-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands).\n\nAll image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area's local zone (42 for North Bamyan) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics were subdivided into two overlapping tiles or quadrants because of the large size of the target area. The two image tiles (or quadrants) for the North Bamyan area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (DS 709)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds709BB","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations and the Afghanistan Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., 2013, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the North Bamyan mineral district in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, HTML Document; Readme; 4 Index Maps; 4 Image Files; 4 Metadata; Shapefiles, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds709BB.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Readme; 4 Index Maps; 4 Image Files; 4 Metadata; Shapefiles","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271720,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds709BB.jpg"},{"id":271716,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/bb/index_maps/index_maps.html"},{"id":271717,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/bb/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":271718,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/bb/metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":271719,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/bb/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"},{"id":271714,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/bb/"},{"id":271715,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/bb/1_readme.txt"}],"country":"Afghanistan","otherGeospatial":"North Bamyan Mineral District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60.52,29.38 ], [ 60.52,38.49 ], [ 74.89,38.49 ], [ 74.89,29.38 ], [ 60.52,29.38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51822b6ce4b04bbc6ead2706","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509321,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045732,"text":"70045732 - 2013 - Habitat use of breeding green turtles Chelonia mydas tagged in Dry Tortugas National Park: Making use of local and regional MPAs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-14T16:49:55.107374","indexId":"70045732","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Habitat use of breeding green turtles Chelonia mydas tagged in Dry Tortugas National Park: Making use of local and regional MPAs","title":"Habitat use of breeding green turtles Chelonia mydas tagged in Dry Tortugas National Park: Making use of local and regional MPAs","docAbstract":"Use of existing marine protected areas (MPAs) by far-ranging marine turtles can be determined using satellite telemetry. Because of a lack of information on MPA use by marine turtles in the Gulf of Mexico, we used satellite transmitters in 2010 and 2011 to track movements of 11 adult female breeding green turtles (Chelonia mydas) tagged in Dry Tortugas National Park (DRTO), in the Gulf of Mexico, south Florida, USA. Throughout the study period, turtles emerged every 9–18 days to nest. During the intervals between nesting episodes (i.e., inter-nesting periods), the turtles consistently used a common core-area within the DRTO boundary, determined using individual 50% kernel-density estimates (KDEs). We mapped the area in DRTO where individual turtle 50% KDEs overlapped using the USGS Along-Track Reef-Imaging System, and determined the diversity and distribution of various benthic-cover types within the mapped area. We also tracked turtles post-nesting as they transited to foraging sites 5–282 km away from tagging beaches; these sites were located both within DRTO and in the surrounding area of the Florida Keys and Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS), a regional MPA. Year-round residency of 9 out of 11 individuals (82%) both within DRTO and in the FKNMS represents novel non-migratory behavior, which offers an opportunity for conservation of this imperiled species at both local and regional scales. These data comprise the first satellite-tracking results on adult nesting green turtles at this remote study site. Additional tracking could reveal whether the distinct inter-nesting and foraging sites delineated here will be repeatedly used in the future by these and other breeding green turtles.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2013.03.019","usgsCitation":"Hart, K., Zawada, D., Fujisaki, I., and Lidz, B.H., 2013, Habitat use of breeding green turtles Chelonia mydas tagged in Dry Tortugas National Park: Making use of local and regional MPAs: Biological Conservation, v. 161, p. 142-154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.03.019.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"154","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271688,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Dry Tortugas National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.76673820002982,\n 24.702032234521695\n ],\n [\n -82.80111355697035,\n 24.72611070301882\n ],\n [\n -82.86737930528973,\n 24.725734512768284\n ],\n [\n -82.90051217944944,\n 24.717834254792294\n ],\n [\n -82.96719208869578,\n 24.649344358619032\n ],\n [\n -82.96553544498762,\n 24.5665042001456\n ],\n [\n -82.89678473110656,\n 24.566880870376693\n ],\n [\n -82.80028523511646,\n 24.617720954532814\n ],\n [\n -82.76632403910288,\n 24.66891673942027\n ],\n [\n -82.76632403910288,\n 24.702032234521695\n ],\n [\n -82.76673820002982,\n 24.702032234521695\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"161","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51822b69e4b04bbc6ead26fa","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2013.03.019","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.03.019","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Hart Kristen M., Zawada David G., Fujisaki Ikuko, Lidz Barbara H.","journalName":"Biological Conservation","publicationDate":"5/2013","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Kristen","contributorId":49253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zawada, David G. 0000-0003-4547-4878 dzawada@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4547-4878","contributorId":1898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zawada","given":"David G.","email":"dzawada@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":31108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":478211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lidz, Barbara H. blidz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"Barbara","email":"blidz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70045744,"text":"ds709AA - 2013 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the South Bamyan mineral district in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-01T21:52:05","indexId":"ds709AA","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"AA","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the South Bamyan mineral district in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the South Bamyan mineral district, which has areas with a spectral reflectance anomaly that require field investigation.\n\nALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420–500 nanometer, nm), green (520–600 nm), red (610–690 nm), and near-infrared (760–890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520–770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (©JAXA,2006,2007, 2008),but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement.\n\nThe selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar-elevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. Therefore, it was necessary to (1) register the 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery to a well-controlled Landsat image base, (2) mosaic the individual multispectral images into a single image of the entire area of interest, (3) register each panchromatic image to the registered multispectral image base, and (4) mosaic the individual panchromatic images into a single image of the entire area of interest. The two image-registration steps were facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band's picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 500-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands).\n\nAll image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area's local zone (42 for South Bamyan) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics for the South Bamyan area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (DS 709)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds709AA","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations and the Afghanistan Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., 2013, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the South Bamyan mineral district in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, HTML Document; Readme; 4 Index Maps; 2 Image Files; 2 Metadata; Shapefiles, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds709AA.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Readme; 4 Index Maps; 2 Image Files; 2 Metadata; Shapefiles","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271713,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds709AA.png"},{"id":271709,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/aa/index_maps/index_maps.html"},{"id":271710,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/aa/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":271711,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/aa/metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":271712,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/aa/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"},{"id":271707,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/aa/"},{"id":271708,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/aa/1_readme.txt"}],"country":"Afghanistan","otherGeospatial":"South Bamyan Mineral District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60.52,29.38 ], [ 60.52,38.49 ], [ 74.89,38.49 ], [ 74.89,29.38 ], [ 60.52,29.38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51822b6ce4b04bbc6ead270a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509320,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045741,"text":"sir20135024 - 2013 - Estimated rates of groundwater recharge to the Chicot, Evangeline and Jasper aquifers by using environmental tracers in Montgomery and adjacent counties, Texas, 2008 and 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T14:04:03","indexId":"sir20135024","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5024","title":"Estimated rates of groundwater recharge to the Chicot, Evangeline and Jasper aquifers by using environmental tracers in Montgomery and adjacent counties, Texas, 2008 and 2011","docAbstract":"Montgomery County is in the northern part of the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area, the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the United States. As populations have increased since the 1980s, groundwater has become an important resource for public-water supply and industry in the rapidly growing area of Montgomery County. Groundwater availability from the Gulf Coast aquifer system is a primary concern for water managers and community planners in Montgomery County and requires a better understanding of the rate of recharge to the system. The Gulf Coast aquifer system in Montgomery County consists of the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers, the Burkeville confining unit, and underlying Catahoula confining system. The individual sand and clay sequences of the aquifers composing the Gulf Coast aquifer system are not laterally or vertically continuous on a regional scale; however, on a local scale, individual sand and clay lenses can extend over several miles. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, collected groundwater-quality samples from selected wells within or near Montgomery County in 2008 and analyzed these samples for concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), tritium (3H), helium-3/tritium (3He/3H), helium-4 (4He), and dissolved gases (DG) that include argon, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen and oxygen. Groundwater ages, or apparent age, representing residence times since time of recharge, were determined by using the assumption of a piston-flow transport model. Most of the environmental tracer data indicated the groundwater was recharged prior to the 1950s, limiting the usefulness of CFCs, SF6, and 3H concentrations as tracers. In many cases, no tracer was usable at a well for the purpose of estimating an apparent age. Wells not usable for estimating an apparent age were resampled in 2011 and analyzed for concentrations of major ions and carbon-14 (14C). At six of these wells, additional 4He and DG samples were collected and analyzed.
\nRecharge rates estimated from environmental tracer data are dependent upon several hydrogeologic variables and have inherent uncertainties. By using the recharge estimates derived from samples collected from 14 wells completed in the Chicot aquifer for which apparent groundwater ages could be determined, recharge to the Chicot aquifer ranged from 0.2 to 7.2 inches (in.) per year (yr). Based on data from one well, estimated recharge to the unconfined zone of the Evangeline aquifer (outcrop) was 0.1 in./yr. Based on data collected from eight wells, estimated rates of recharge to the confined zone of the Evangeline aquifer ranged from less than 0.1 to 2.8 in./yr. Based on data from one well, estimated recharge to the unconfined zone of the Jasper aquifer (outcrop) was 0.5 in./yr. Based on data collected from nine wells, estimated rates of recharge to the confined zone of the Jasper aquifer ranged from less than 0.1 to 0.1 in./yr. The complexity of the hydrogeology in the area, uncertainty in the conceptual model, and numerical assumptions required in the determination of the recharge rates all pose limitations and need to be considered when evaluating these data on a countywide or regional scale. The estimated recharge rates calculated for this study are specific to each well location and should not be extrapolated or inferred as a countywide average. Local variations in the hydrogeology and surficial conditions can affect the recharge rate at a local scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135024","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Oden, T., and Truini, M., 2013, Estimated rates of groundwater recharge to the Chicot, Evangeline and Jasper aquifers by using environmental tracers in Montgomery and adjacent counties, Texas, 2008 and 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5024, Document: viii, 50 p.; Appendixes 1-5, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135024.","productDescription":"Document: viii, 50 p.; Appendixes 1-5","numberOfPages":"61","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042849","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271699,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135024.gif"},{"id":271693,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5024/SIR2013-5024.pdf"},{"id":271694,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5024/Appendixes/Appendix%202.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2"},{"id":271695,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5024/Appendixes/Appendix%201.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1"},{"id":271692,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5024/"},{"id":271696,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5024/Appendixes/Appendix%203.pdf","text":"Appendix 3"},{"id":271697,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5024/Appendixes/Appendix%204.xlsx","text":"Appendix 4"},{"id":271698,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5024/Appendixes/Appendix%205.xlsx","text":"Appendix 5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.6,25.8 ], [ -106.6,36.5 ], [ -93.5,36.5 ], [ -93.5,25.8 ], [ -106.6,25.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51822b53e4b04bbc6ead26f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oden, Timothy D. toden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oden","given":"Timothy D.","email":"toden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Truini, Margot mtruini@usgs.gov","contributorId":599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truini","given":"Margot","email":"mtruini@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70168979,"text":"70168979 - 2013 - The role of farfield tectonic stress in oceanic intraplate deformation, Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-10T10:02:13","indexId":"70168979","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of farfield tectonic stress in oceanic intraplate deformation, Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"An integration of geophysical data from the Pacific Plate reveals plate bending anomalies, massive intraplate shearing and deformation, and a lack of oceanic crust magnetic lineaments in different regions across the Gulf of Alaska. We argue that farfield stress from the Yakutat Terrane collision with North America is the major driver for these unusual features. Similar plate motion vectors indicate that the Pacific plate and Yakutat Terrane are largely coupled along their boundary, the Transition Fault, with minimal translation. Our study shows that the Pacific Plate subduction angle shallows toward the Yakutat Terrane and supports the theory that the Pacific Plate and Yakutat Terranemaintain coupling along the subducted region of the Transition Fault. We argue that the outboard transfer of collisional stress to the Pacific Plate could have resulted in significant strain in the NE corner of the Pacific Plate, which created pathways for igneous sill formation just above the Pacific Plate crust in the Surveyor Fan. A shift in Pacific Plate motion during the late Miocene altered the Yakutat collision with North America, changing the stress transfer regime and potentially terminating associated strain in the NE corner of the Pacific Plate. The collision further intensified as the thickest portion of the Yakutat Terrane began to subduct during the Pleistocene, possibly providing the impetus for the creation of the Gulf of Alaska Shear Zone, a>200 km zone of intraplate strike-slip faults that extend from the Transition Fault out into the Pacific Plate. This study highlights the importance of farfield stress from complex tectonic regimes in consideration of large-scale oceanic intraplate deformation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/jgrb.50177","usgsCitation":"Reece, R.S., Gulick, S., Christesen, G.L., Horton, B.K., VanAvendonk, H.J., and Barth, G., 2013, The role of farfield tectonic stress in oceanic intraplate deformation, Gulf of Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 118, no. 5, p. 1862-1872, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50177.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1862","endPage":"1872","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057434","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318778,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.3251953125,\n 55.47885346331034\n ],\n [\n -153.3251953125,\n 61.48075950007598\n ],\n [\n -134.560546875,\n 61.48075950007598\n ],\n [\n -134.560546875,\n 55.47885346331034\n ],\n [\n -153.3251953125,\n 55.47885346331034\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"118","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56e2a8d1e4b0f59b85d391c1","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/jgrb.50177","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50177","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Reece Robert S., Gulick Sean P. S., Christeson Gail L., Horton Brian K., van Avendonk Harm, Barth Ginger","journalName":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","publicationDate":"5/2013"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reece, Robert S.","contributorId":147202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reece","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6747,"text":"Texas A&M University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gulick, Sean P. S.","contributorId":147201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gulick","given":"Sean P. S.","affiliations":[{"id":13603,"text":"University of Texas, Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christesen, Gail L.","contributorId":167469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christesen","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13603,"text":"University of Texas, Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horton, Brian K.","contributorId":167470,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horton","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":13603,"text":"University of Texas, Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"VanAvendonk, Harm J.","contributorId":147204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"VanAvendonk","given":"Harm","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13603,"text":"University of Texas, Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barth, Ginger gbarth@usgs.gov","contributorId":167468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barth","given":"Ginger","email":"gbarth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70171356,"text":"70171356 - 2013 - To stock or not to stock? Assessing restoration potential of a remnant American shad spawning run with hatchery supplementation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-30T12:33:02","indexId":"70171356","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"To stock or not to stock? Assessing restoration potential of a remnant American shad spawning run with hatchery supplementation","docAbstract":"Hatchery supplementation has been widely used as a restoration technique for American Shad Alosa sapidissima on the East Coast of the USA, but results have been equivocal. In the Penobscot River, Maine, dam removals and other improvements to fish passage will likely reestablish access to the majority of this species’ historic spawning habitat. Additional efforts being considered include the stocking of larval American Shad. The decision about whether to stock a river system undergoing restoration should be made after evaluating the probability of natural recolonization and examining the costs and benefits of potentially accelerating recovery using a stocking program. However, appropriate evaluation can be confounded by a dearth of information about the starting population size and age structure of the remnant American Shad spawning run in the river. We used the Penobscot River as a case study to assess the theoretical sensitivity of recovery time to either scenario (stocking or not) by building a deterministic model of an American Shad population. This model is based on the best available estimates of size at age, fecundity, rate of iteroparity, and recruitment. Density dependence was imposed, such that the population reached a plateau at an arbitrary recovery goal of 633,000 spawning adults. Stocking had a strong accelerating effect on the time to modeled recovery (as measured by the time to reach 50% of the recovery goal) in the base model, but stocking had diminishing effects with larger population sizes. There is a diminishing return to stocking when the starting population is modestly increased. With a low starting population (a spawning run of 1,000), supplementation with 12 million larvae annually accelerated modeled recovery by 12 years. Only a 2-year acceleration was observed if the starting population was 15,000. Such a heuristic model may aid managers in assessing the costs and benefits of stocking by incorporating a structured decision framework.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2013.763874","usgsCitation":"Bailey, M.M., and Zydlewski, J.D., 2013, To stock or not to stock? Assessing restoration potential of a remnant American shad spawning run with hatchery supplementation: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 33, no. 3, p. 459-467, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2013.763874.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"459","endPage":"467","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034521","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d6667e4b07e28b6685008","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Michael M.","contributorId":169684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bailey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":25572,"text":"University of Maine, Orono","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188365,"text":"70188365 - 2013 - Annual modulation of non-volcanic tremor in northern Cascadia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T11:42:08","indexId":"70188365","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual modulation of non-volcanic tremor in northern Cascadia","docAbstract":"Two catalogs of episodic tremor events in northern Cascadia, one from 2006 to 2012 and the other from 1997 to 2011, reveal two systematic patterns of tremor occurrence in southern Vancouver Island: (1) most individual events tend to occur in the third quarter of the year; (2) the number of events in prolonged episodes (i.e., episodic tremor and slip events), which generally propagate to Vancouver Island from elsewhere along the Cascadia subduction zone, is inversely correlated with the amount of precipitation that occurred in the preceding 2 months. We rationalize these patterns as the product of hydrologic loading of the crust of southern Vancouver Island and the surrounding continental region, superimposed with annual variations from oceanic tidal loading. Loading of the Vancouver Island crust in the winter (when the land surface receives ample precipitation) and unloading in the summer tends to inhibit and enhance downdip shear stress, respectively. Quantitatively, for an annually variable surface load, the predicted stress perturbation depends on mantle viscoelastic rheology. A mechanical model of downdip shear stress on the transition zone beneath Vancouver Island—driven predominantly by the annual hydrologic cycle—is consistent with the 1997–2012 tremor observations, with peak-to-peak downdip shear stress of about 0.4 kPa. This seasonal dependence of tremor occurrence appears to be restricted to southern Vancouver Island because of its unique situation as an elongated narrow-width land mass surrounded by ocean, which permits seasonal perturbations in shear stress at depth.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/jgrb.50181","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., Wech, A.G., Kao, H., and Burgmann, R., 2013, Annual modulation of non-volcanic tremor in northern Cascadia: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 118, no. 5, p. 2445-2459, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50181.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2445","endPage":"2459","ipdsId":"IP-045029","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50181","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342223,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -128.5400390625,\n 46.28622391806706\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 46.28622391806706\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 50.958426723359935\n ],\n [\n -128.5400390625,\n 50.958426723359935\n ],\n [\n -128.5400390625,\n 46.28622391806706\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"118","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593910b4e4b0764e6c5e88e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, Frederick 0000-0002-4060-2706 fpollitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-2706","contributorId":139578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wech, Aaron G. 0000-0003-4983-1991 awech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4983-1991","contributorId":5344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wech","given":"Aaron","email":"awech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kao, Honn","contributorId":105419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kao","given":"Honn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Burgmann, Roland","contributorId":192700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burgmann","given":"Roland","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70188334,"text":"70188334 - 2013 - Reconstructing satellite images to quantify spatially explicit land surface change caused by fires and succession: A demonstration in the Yukon River Basin of interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-06T13:43:15","indexId":"70188334","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1958,"text":"ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstructing satellite images to quantify spatially explicit land surface change caused by fires and succession: A demonstration in the Yukon River Basin of interior Alaska","docAbstract":"Land surface change caused by fires and succession is confounded by many site-specific factors and requires further study. The objective of this study was to reveal the spatially explicit land surface change by minimizing the confounding factors of weather variability, seasonal offset, topography, land cover, and drainage. In a pilot study of the Yukon River Basin of interior Alaska, we retrieved Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), albedo, and land surface temperature (LST) from a postfire Landsat image acquired on August 5th, 2004. With a Landsat reference image acquired on June 26th, 1986, we reconstructed NDVI, albedo, and LST of 1987–2004 fire scars for August 5th, 2004, assuming that these fires had not occurred. The difference between actual postfire and assuming-no-fire scenarios depicted the fires and succession impact. Our results demonstrated the following: (1) NDVI showed an immediate decrease after burning but gradually recovered to prefire levels in the following years, in which burn severity might play an important role during this process; (2) Albedo showed an immediate decrease after burning but then recovered and became higher than prefire levels; and (3) Most fires caused surface warming, but cooler surfaces did exist; time-since-fire affected the prefire and postfire LST difference but no absolute trend could be found. Our approach provided spatially explicit land surface change rather than average condition, enabling a better understanding of fires and succession impact on ecological consequences at the pixel level.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2013.02.010","usgsCitation":"Huang, S., Jin, S., Dahal, D., Chen, X., Young, C., Liu, H., and Liu, S., 2013, Reconstructing satellite images to quantify spatially explicit land surface change caused by fires and succession: A demonstration in the Yukon River Basin of interior Alaska: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, v. 79, p. 94-105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2013.02.010.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"105","ipdsId":"IP-039018","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5937bf30e4b0f6c2d0d9c78f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, Shengli shuang@usgs.gov","contributorId":1926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Shengli","email":"shuang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":697254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jin, Suming 0000-0001-9919-8077 sjin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9919-8077","contributorId":4397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jin","given":"Suming","email":"sjin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dahal, Devendra 0000-0001-9594-1249","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9594-1249","contributorId":192023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dahal","given":"Devendra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chen, Xuexia","contributorId":14213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Xuexia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Young, Claudia 0000-0002-0859-7206 claudia.young.ctr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0859-7206","contributorId":191382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Claudia","email":"claudia.young.ctr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":697253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Heping","contributorId":192024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Heping","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70188333,"text":"70188333 - 2013 - Radiometric and geometric assessment of data from the RapidEye constellation of satellites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-06T13:47:46","indexId":"70188333","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiometric and geometric assessment of data from the RapidEye constellation of satellites","docAbstract":"To monitor land surface processes over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales, it is critical to have coordinated observations of the Earth's surface using imagery acquired from multiple spaceborne imaging sensors. The RapidEye (RE) satellite constellation acquires high-resolution satellite images covering the entire globe within a very short period of time by sensors identical in construction and cross-calibrated to each other. To evaluate the RE high-resolution Multi-spectral Imager (MSI) sensor capabilities, a cross-comparison between the RE constellation of sensors was performed first using image statistics based on large common areas observed over pseudo-invariant calibration sites (PICS) by the sensors and, second, by comparing the on-orbit radiometric calibration temporal trending over a large number of calibration sites. For any spectral band, the individual responses measured by the five satellites of the RE constellation were found to differ <2–3% from the average constellation response depending on the method used for evaluation. Geometric assessment was also performed to study the positional accuracy and relative band-to-band (B2B) alignment of the image data sets. The position accuracy was assessed by comparing the RE imagery against high-resolution aerial imagery, while the B2B characterization was performed by registering each band against every other band to ensure that the proper band alignment is provided for an image product. The B2B results indicate that the internal alignments of these five RE bands are in agreement, with bands typically registered to within 0.25 pixels of each other or better.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431161.2013.798877","usgsCitation":"Chander, G., Haque, O., Sampath, A., Brunn, A., Trosset, G., Hoffmann, D., Roloff, S., Thiele, M., and Anderson, C., 2013, Radiometric and geometric assessment of data from the RapidEye constellation of satellites: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 34, no. 16, p. 5905-5925, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2013.798877.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"5905","endPage":"5925","ipdsId":"IP-045652","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5937bf30e4b0f6c2d0d9c793","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chander, Gyanesh gchander@usgs.gov","contributorId":3013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"Gyanesh","email":"gchander@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":697252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haque, Obaidul 0000-0002-0914-1446 ohaque@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-1446","contributorId":4691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haque","given":"Obaidul","email":"ohaque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40546,"text":"KBR, Contractor to the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":697280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sampath, Aparajithan 0000-0002-6922-4913 asampath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6922-4913","contributorId":3622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sampath","given":"Aparajithan","email":"asampath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":54490,"text":"KBR, Inc., under contract to USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":697281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brunn, A.","contributorId":192657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brunn","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Trosset, G.","contributorId":192658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trosset","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoffmann, D.","contributorId":61555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roloff, S.","contributorId":192659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roloff","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thiele, M.","contributorId":192660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thiele","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Anderson, C.","contributorId":192661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70045736,"text":"sir20135045 - 2013 - Investigations of groundwater system and simulation of regional groundwater flow for North Penn Area 7 Superfund site, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-01T08:11:34","indexId":"sir20135045","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5045","title":"Investigations of groundwater system and simulation of regional groundwater flow for North Penn Area 7 Superfund site, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Groundwater in the vicinity of several industrial facilities in Upper Gwynedd Township and vicinity, Montgomery County, in southeast Pennsylvania has been shown to be contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the most common of which is the solvent trichloroethylene (TCE). The 2-square-mile area was placed on the National Priorities List as the North Penn Area 7 Superfund site by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in 1989. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted geophysical logging, aquifer testing, and water-level monitoring, and measured streamflows in and near North Penn Area 7 from fall 2000 through fall 2006 in a technical assistance study for the USEPA to develop an understanding of the hydrogeologic framework in the area as part of the USEPA Remedial Investigation. In addition, the USGS developed a groundwater-flow computer model based on the hydrogeologic framework to simulate regional groundwater flow and to estimate directions of groundwater flow and pathways of groundwater contaminants. The study area is underlain by Triassic- and Jurassic-age sandstones and shales of the Lockatong Formation and Brunswick Group in the Mesozoic Newark Basin. Regionally, these rocks strike northeast and dip to the northwest. The sequence of rocks form a fractured-sedimentary-rock aquifer that acts as a set of confined to partially confined layers of differing permeabilities. Depth to competent bedrock typically is less than 20 ft below land surface. The aquifer layers are recharged locally by precipitation and discharge locally to streams. The general configuration of the potentiometric surface in the aquifer is similar to topography, except in areas affected by pumping. The headwaters of Wissahickon Creek are nearby, and the stream flows southwest, parallel to strike, to bisect North Penn Area 7. Groundwater is pumped in the vicinity of North Penn Area 7 for industrial use, public supply, and residential supply. Results of field investigations by USGS at the site and results from other studies support, and are consistent with, a conceptual model of a layered leaky aquifer where the dip of the beds has a strong control on hydraulic connections in the groundwater system. Connections within and (or) parallel to bedding tend to be greater than across bedding. Transmissivities of aquifer intervals isolated by packers ranged over three orders of magnitude [from about 2.8 to 2,290 square feet per day (ft2/d) or 0.26 to 213 square meters per day (m2/d)], did not appear to differ much by mapped geologic unit, but showed some relation to depth being relatively smaller in the shallowest and deepest intervals (0 to 50 ft and more than 250 ft below land surface, respectively) compared to the intermediate depth intervals (50 to 250 ft below land surface) tested. Transmissivities estimated from multiple-observation well aquifer tests ranged from about 700 to 2,300 ft2/d (65 to 214 m2/d). Results of chemical analyses of water from isolated intervals or monitoring wells open to short sections of the aquifer show vertical differences in concentrations; chloride and silica concentrations generally were greater in shallow intervals than in deeper intervals. Chloride concentrations greater than 100 milligrams per liter (mg/L), combined with distinctive chloride/bromide ratios, indicate a different source of chloride in the western part of North Penn Area 7 than elsewhere in the site. Groundwater flow at a regional scale under steady-state conditions was simulated by use of a numerical model (MODFLOW-2000) for North Penn Area 7 with different layers representing saprolite/highly weathered rock near the surface and unweathered competent bedrock. The sedimentary formations that underlie the study area were modeled using dipping model layers for intermediate and deep zones of unweathered, fractured rock. Horizontal cell model size was 100 meters (m) by 100 meters (328 ft by 328 ft), and model layer thickness ranged from 6 m (19.7 ft) representing shallow weathered rock and saprolite up to 200 m (656 ft) representing deeper dipping bedrock. The model did not include detailed structure to account for local-scale differences in hydraulic properties, with the result that local-scale groundwater flow may not be well simulated. Additional detailed multi-well aquifer tests would be needed to establish the extent of interconnection between intervals at the local scale to address remediation of contamination at each source area. This regional groundwater-flow model was calibrated against measured groundwater levels (1996, 2000, and 2005) and base flow estimated from selected streamflow measurements by use of nonlinear-regression parameter-estimation algorithms to determine hydraulic conductivity and anisotropy of hydraulic conductivity, streambed hydraulic conductivity, and recharge during calibration periods. Results of the simulation using the calibrated regional model indicate that the aquifer appears to be anisotropic where hydraulic conductivity is greatest parallel to the orientation of bedding of the formations underlying the area and least in the cross-bed direction. The maximum hydraulic conductivity is aligned with the average regional strike of the formations, which is “subhorizontal” in the model because the altitudes of the beds and model cells vary in the strike, as well as dip, direction. Estimated subhorizontal hydraulic conductivities (in strike direction parallel to dipping beds) range from 0.001 to 1.67 meters per day (0.0032 to 5.5 feet per day). The ratio of minimum (dip direction) to maximum (strike direction) subhorizontal hydraulic conductivity ranges from 1/3.1 to 1/8.6, and the ratio of vertical to horizontal hydraulic conductivity ranges from 1/1 to 1/478. However, limited available field data precluded rigorous calibration of vertical anisotropy in the model. Estimated recharge rates corresponding to calibration periods in 1996, 2000, and 2005 are 150, 109, and 124 millimeters per year (5.9, 4.3, and 4.9 inches per year), respectively. The calibrated groundwater-flow model was used to simulate groundwater flow under steady-state conditions during periods of relatively high withdrawals (pumpage) (1990) and relatively low withdrawals (2000 and 2005). Groundwater-flow paths originating from recharge areas near known areas of soil contamination (sources) were simulated. Pumped industrial and production wells captured more groundwater from several of these sources during 1990 than after 1990 when pumping declined or ceased and greater amounts of contaminated groundwater moved away from North Penn Area 7 Superfund site to surrounding areas. Uncertainty in simulated groundwater-flow paths from contaminant sources and contributing areas, resulting from uncertainty in estimated hydraulic properties of the model, was illustrated through Monte Carlo simulations. The effect of uncertainty in the vertical anisotropy was not included in the Monte Carlo simulations. Contributing areas indicating the general configuration of groundwater flow towards production well MG-202 (L-22) in the study area also were simulated for the different time periods; as simulated, the flow paths do not pass through any identified contaminant source in North Penn Area 7. However, contributing areas to wells, such as MG-202, located near many pumped wells are particularly complex and, in some cases, include areas that contribute flow to streams that subsequently recharge the aquifer through stream loss. In these cases, water-quality constituents, including contaminants that are present in surface water may be drawn into the aquifer to nearby pumped wells. Results of a simulated shutdown of well MG-202 under steady-state 2005 conditions showed that the area contributing recharge for nearby production well MG-76 (L-17), when MG-202 is not pumping, shifts downstream and is similar to the area contributing recharge for MG-202 when both wells are pumping. Concentrations of constituents in groundwater samples collected in fall 2005 or spring 2006 were compared to simulated groundwater-flow paths for the year 2005 to provide a qualitative assessment of model results. The observed spatial distribution of selected constituents, including TCE, CFC-11, and CFC-113 in groundwater in 2005 and the chloride/bromide mass ratios in 2006, generally were consistent with the model results of the simulated 2005 groundwater-flow paths at North Penn Area 7, indicating the presence of several separate sources of contaminants within North Penn Area 7.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135045","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Senior, L.A., and Goode, D., 2013, Investigations of groundwater system and simulation of regional groundwater flow for North Penn Area 7 Superfund site, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania (Version 1: Originally posted April 30, 2013; Version 1.1: April 30, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5045, xii, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135045.","productDescription":"xii, 95 p.","numberOfPages":"112","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1990-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-07-01","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300001,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135045.jpg"},{"id":271689,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5045/"},{"id":271690,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5045/support/sir2013-5045.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 18","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Montgomery","city":"Upper Gwynedd","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.33050537109375,\n 40.17939793281656\n ],\n [\n -75.33050537109375,\n 40.23079086353824\n ],\n [\n -75.23162841796875,\n 40.23079086353824\n ],\n [\n -75.23162841796875,\n 40.17939793281656\n ],\n [\n -75.33050537109375,\n 40.17939793281656\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1: Originally posted April 30, 2013; Version 1.1: April 30, 2015","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5543522ee4b0a658d79414af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senior, Lisa A. 0000-0003-2629-1996 lasenior@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-1996","contributorId":2150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senior","given":"Lisa","email":"lasenior@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456 djgoode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":2433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djgoode@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70148138,"text":"70148138 - 2013 - A novel approach to surveying sturgeon using side-scan sonar and occupancy modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-27T14:25:37","indexId":"70148138","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2680,"text":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A novel approach to surveying sturgeon using side-scan sonar and occupancy modeling","docAbstract":"Technological advances represent opportunities to enhance and supplement traditional fisheries sampling approaches. One example with growing importance for fisheries research is hydroacoustic technologies such as side-scan sonar. Advantages of side-scan sonar over traditional techniques include the ability to sample large areas efficiently and the potential to survey fish without physical handling-important for species of conservation concern, such as endangered sturgeons. Our objectives were to design an efficient survey methodology for sampling Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus by using side-scan sonar and to developmethods for analyzing these data. In North Carolina and South Carolina, we surveyed six rivers thought to contain varying abundances of sturgeon by using a combination of side-scan sonar, telemetry, and video cameras (i.e., to sample jumping sturgeon). Lower reaches of each river near the saltwater-freshwater interface were surveyed on three occasions (generally successive days), and we used occupancy modeling to analyze these data.We were able to detect sturgeon in five of six rivers by using these methods. Side-scan sonar was effective in detecting sturgeon, with estimated gear-specific detection probabilities ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 and river-specific occupancy estimates (per 2-km river segment) ranging from 0.0 to 0.8. Future extensions of this occupancy modeling framework will involve the use of side-scan sonar data to assess sturgeon habitat and abundance in different river systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/19425120.2013.816396","usgsCitation":"Flowers, H.J., and Hightower, J.E., 2013, A novel approach to surveying sturgeon using side-scan sonar and occupancy modeling: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 5, no. 1, p. 211-223, https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2013.816396.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"223","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043165","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2013.816396","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300869,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Cape Fear River, Edisto River, Neuse River, Pee Dee-Waccamaw River, Roanoke River, Santee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.76123046875,\n 36.53612263184686\n ],\n [\n -78.92578124999999,\n 35.782170703266075\n ],\n [\n -80.123291015625,\n 35.003003395276714\n ],\n [\n -80.91430664062499,\n 34.116352469972746\n ],\n [\n -81.84814453125,\n 33.247875947924385\n ],\n [\n -81.529541015625,\n 33.00866349457558\n ],\n [\n -81.38671875,\n 32.602361666817515\n ],\n [\n -81.112060546875,\n 32.24997445586331\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 31.924192605327708\n ],\n [\n -80.31005859375,\n 32.52828936482526\n ],\n [\n -79.881591796875,\n 32.75032260780972\n ],\n [\n -79.25537109375,\n 33.165145408240285\n ],\n [\n -78.936767578125,\n 33.669496972795535\n ],\n [\n -78.06884765624999,\n 33.93424531117312\n ],\n [\n -77.82714843749999,\n 34.1890858311724\n ],\n [\n -77.266845703125,\n 34.63320791137959\n ],\n [\n -76.53076171875,\n 34.687427949314845\n ],\n [\n -76.0693359375,\n 35.074964853989556\n ],\n [\n -75.509033203125,\n 35.28150065789119\n ],\n [\n -75.552978515625,\n 35.84453450421662\n ],\n [\n -75.882568359375,\n 36.56260003738548\n ],\n [\n -77.76123046875,\n 36.53612263184686\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5566eab3e4b0d9246a9ec2ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flowers, H. Jared","contributorId":140974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flowers","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jared","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hightower, Joseph E. jhightower@usgs.gov","contributorId":835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"Joseph","email":"jhightower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180385,"text":"70180385 - 2013 - Chromophoric dissolved organic matter export from U.S. rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T09:50:20","indexId":"70180385","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chromophoric dissolved organic matter export from U.S. rivers","docAbstract":"Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) fluxes and yields from 15 major U.S. rivers draining an assortment of terrestrial biomes are presented. A robust relationship between CDOM and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) loads is established (e.g., a350 versus DOC; r2 = 0.96, p < 0.001). Calculated CDOM yields are also correlated to watershed percent wetland (e.g. a350; r2 = 0.81, p < 0.001) providing a method for the estimation of CDOM export from ungauged watersheds. A large variation in CDOM yields was found across the rivers. The two rivers in the north-eastern U.S. (Androscoggin and Penobscot), the Edisto draining into the South Atlantic Bight, and some rivers draining into the Gulf of Mexico (Atchafalaya and Mobile) exhibit the highest CDOM yields, linked to extensive wetlands in these watersheds. If the Edisto CDOM yield is representative of other rivers draining into the South Atlantic Bight, this would result in a CDOM load equivalent to that of the Mississippi from a region of approximately 10% of the Mississippi watershed, indicating the importance of certain regions with respect to the role of terrigenous CDOM in ocean color budgets.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/grl.50357","usgsCitation":"Spencer, R., Aiken, G.R., Dornblaser, M.M., Butler, K.D., Holmes, R.M., Fiske, G., Mann, P.J., and Stubbins, A., 2013, Chromophoric dissolved organic matter export from U.S. rivers: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 40, no. 8, p. 1575-1579, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50357.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1575","endPage":"1579","ipdsId":"IP-036933","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef1e4b072a7ac0cad3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, Robert G. 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M.","affiliations":[{"id":12894,"text":"Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":661529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dornblaser, Mark M. 0000-0002-6298-3757 mmdornbl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-3757","contributorId":1636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"Mark","email":"mmdornbl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butler, Kenna D. kebutler@usgs.gov","contributorId":3283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Kenna","email":"kebutler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holmes, R. Max","contributorId":7957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Max","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fiske, Greg","contributorId":178906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fiske","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mann, Paul J.","contributorId":178897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mann","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stubbins, Aron","contributorId":80949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stubbins","given":"Aron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70045895,"text":"70045895 - 2013 - Mineral resource of the month: diatomite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-08T16:36:11","indexId":"70045895","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: diatomite","docAbstract":"The article discusses the properties and applications of the mineral diatomite. According to the author, diatomite is a soft, friable and very fine-grained siliceous sedimentary rock made of the remains of fossilized diatoms. The author adds that its properties make diatomite very useful as a filtration medium and as a component in cement.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGI","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2013, Mineral resource of the month: diatomite: Earth, v. 58, no. 4, p. 57-57.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"57","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272076,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518b73eae4b0037667dbc836","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70042887,"text":"70042887 - 2013 - Short-term variability of 7Be atmospheric deposition and watershed response in a Pacific coastal stream, Monterey Bay, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-10T10:30:22","indexId":"70042887","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2263,"text":"Journal of Environmental Radioactivity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term variability of 7Be atmospheric deposition and watershed response in a Pacific coastal stream, Monterey Bay, California, USA","docAbstract":"Beryllium-7 is a powerful and commonly used tracer for environmental processes such as watershed sediment provenance, soil erosion, fluvial and nearshore sediment cycling, and atmospheric fallout. However, few studies have quantified temporal or spatial variability of 7Be accumulation from atmospheric fallout, and parameters that would better define the uses and limitations of this geochemical tracer. We investigated the abundance and variability of 7Be in atmospheric deposition in both rain events and dry periods, and in stream surface-water samples collected over a ten-month interval at sites near northern Monterey Bay (37°N, 122°W) on the central California coast, a region characterized by a rainy winters, dry summers, and small mountainous streams with flashy hydrology. The range of 7Be activity in rainwater samples from the main sampling site was 1.3–4.4 Bq L−1, with a mean (±standard deviation) of 2.2 ± 0.9 Bq L−1, and a volume-weighted average of 2.0 Bq L−1. The range of wet atmospheric deposition was 18–188 Bq m−2 per rain event, with a mean of 72 ± 53 Bq m−2. Dry deposition fluxes of 7Be ranged from less than 0.01 up to 0.45 Bq m−2 d−1, with an estimated dry season deposition of 7 Bq m−2 month−1. Annualized 7Be atmospheric deposition was approximately 1900 Bq m−2 yr−1, with most deposition via rainwater (>95%) and little via dry deposition. Overall, these activities and deposition fluxes are similar to values found in other coastal locations with comparable latitude and Mediterranean-type climate. Particulate 7Be values in the surface water of the San Lorenzo River in Santa Cruz, California, ranged from <0.01 Bq g−1 to 0.6 Bq g−1, with a median activity of 0.26 Bq g−1. A large storm event in January 2010 characterized by prolonged flooding resulted in the entrainment of 7Be-depleted sediment, presumably from substantial erosion in the watershed. There were too few particulate 7Be data over the storm to accurately model a 7Be load, but the results suggest enhanced watershed export of 7Be from small, mountainous river systems compared to other watershed types.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Radioactivity","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.02.004","usgsCitation":"Conaway, C., Storlazzi, C., Draut, A.E., and Swarzenski, P.W., 2013, Short-term variability of 7Be atmospheric deposition and watershed response in a Pacific coastal stream, Monterey Bay, California, USA: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, v. 120, p. 94-103, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.02.004.","startPage":"94","endPage":"103","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-041747","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272171,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272170,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.02.004"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Bay;San Lorenzo River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.3,36.9 ], [ -122.3,37.3 ], [ -122.9,37.3 ], [ -122.9,36.9 ], [ -122.3,36.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"120","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518e16e1e4b05ebc8f7cc2ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conaway, Christopher H.","contributorId":52620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conaway","given":"Christopher H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Draut, Amy E.","contributorId":92215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192154,"text":"70192154 - 2013 - Rupture history of the 2011 M 9 Tohoku Japan earthquake determined from strong‐motion and high‐rate GPS recordings: Subevents radiating energy in different frequency bands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T15:16:34","indexId":"70192154","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rupture history of the 2011 M 9 Tohoku Japan earthquake determined from strong‐motion and high‐rate GPS recordings: Subevents radiating energy in different frequency bands","docAbstract":"Strong‐motion records from KiK‐net and K‐NET, along with 1 sample/s Global Positioning System (GPS) records from GEONET, were analyzed to determine the location, timing, and slip of subevents of the M 9 2011 Tohoku earthquake. Timing of arrivals on stations along the coast shows that the first subevent was located closer to the coast than subevent (2), which produced the largest slip. A waveform inversion of data from 0 to 0.2 Hz indicates that the first subevent primarily ruptured down‐dip and north of the hypocenter and had an M of 8.5. The areas of this subevent that generated the low (<0.2 Hz) and high (>0.2 Hz) frequency energy are located in the same vicinity. The inversion result for the second subevent (M 9.0) has large slip on the shallow part of the fault with peak slip of about 65 m above about 25 km depth. This slip generated the tsunami. The preferred inversion has initiation of subevent 2 on the shallow portion of the fault so that rupture proceeded down‐dip and mainly to the south. Subevent 2 started about 35 s after subevent 1, which allows for the possibility of dynamic triggering from subevent 1. The slip model predicts displacements comparable to those found from ocean‐bottom transducers near the epicenter. At frequencies that most affect tall buildings (0.1–0.5 Hz), there is a strong pulse (subevent 3) in the strong‐motion records that arrives after the near‐field ramp from subevent 2. High‐frequency subevent 3 was located down‐dip and south of the high‐slip portion of subevent 2 and was initiated as rupture from subevent 2 proceeded down‐dip. The compact pulse for subevent 3 is modeled with an M 8.0 source in a 75 by 30 km area that ruptured down‐dip and to the south with a high slip velocity, indicating high stress drop.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120120148","usgsCitation":"Frankel, A.D., 2013, Rupture history of the 2011 M 9 Tohoku Japan earthquake determined from strong‐motion and high‐rate GPS recordings: Subevents radiating energy in different frequency bands: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 103, no. 2B, p. 1290-1306, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120148.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1290","endPage":"1306","ipdsId":"IP-037700","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 140,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n 143,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n 143,\n 40\n ],\n [\n 140,\n 40\n ],\n [\n 140,\n 35.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"103","issue":"2B","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98bbde4b0531197afa02f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":146285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70154966,"text":"70154966 - 2013 - Seasonal comparison of aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in a flooded coastal freshwater marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-22T10:49:58","indexId":"70154966","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2949,"text":"Open Journal Of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal comparison of aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in a flooded coastal freshwater marsh","docAbstract":"Marsh flooding and drying may be important factors affecting aquatic macroinvertebrate density and distribution in coastal freshwater marshes. Limited availability of water as a result of drying in emergent marsh may decrease density, taxonomic diversity, and taxa richness. The principal objectives of this study are to characterize the seasonal aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblage in a freshwater emergent marsh and compare aquatic macroinvertebrate species composition, density, and taxonomic diversity to that of freshwater marsh ponds. We hypothesize that 1) freshwater emergent marsh has lower seasonal density and taxonomic diversity compared to that of freshwater marsh ponds; and 2) freshwater emergent marsh has lower taxa richness than freshwater marsh ponds. Seasonal aquatic macroinvertebrate density in freshwater emergent marsh ranged from 0 organisms/m2 (summer 2009) to 91.1 ± 20.53 organisms/m2 (mean ± SE; spring 2009). Density in spring was higher than in all other seasons. Taxonomic diversity did not differ and there were no unique species in the freshwater emergent marsh. Our data only partially support our first hypothesis as aquatic macroinvertebrate density and taxonomic diversity between freshwater emergent marsh and ponds did not differ in spring, fall, and winter but ponds supported higher macroinvertebrate densities than freshwater emergent marsh during summer. However, our data did not support our second hypothesis as taxa richness between freshwater emergent marsh and ponds did not statistically differ.
","language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Research","doi":"10.4236/oje.2013.32011","usgsCitation":"Kang, S., and King, S.L., 2013, Seasonal comparison of aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in a flooded coastal freshwater marsh: Open Journal Of Ecology, v. 3, no. 2, p. 94-101, https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2013.32011.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"101","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042386","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2013.32011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":305886,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"White Lakes Wetlands Conservation Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.63397216796875,\n 29.766761583985765\n ],\n [\n -92.63397216796875,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -92.36480712890625,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -92.36480712890625,\n 29.766761583985765\n ],\n [\n -92.63397216796875,\n 29.766761583985765\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b0beaee4b09a3b01b530a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kang, Sung-Ryong","contributorId":140927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kang","given":"Sung-Ryong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Sammy L. 0000-0002-5364-6361 sking@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-6361","contributorId":557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Sammy","email":"sking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70134601,"text":"70134601 - 2013 - Method- and species-specific detection probabilities of fish occupancy in Arctic lakes: Implications for design and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-03T11:04:32","indexId":"70134601","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Method- and species-specific detection probabilities of fish occupancy in Arctic lakes: Implications for design and management","docAbstract":"Studies examining species occurrence often fail to account for false absences in field sampling. We investigate detection probabilities of five gear types for six fish species in a sample of lakes on the North Slope, Alaska. We used an occupancy modeling approach to provide estimates of detection probabilities for each method. Variation in gear- and species-specific detection probability was considerable. For example, detection probabilities for the fyke net ranged from 0.82 (SE = 0.05) for least cisco (Coregonus sardinella) to 0.04 (SE = 0.01) for slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus). Detection probabilities were also affected by site-specific variables such as depth of the lake, year, day of sampling, and lake connection to a stream. With the exception of the dip net and shore minnow traps, each gear type provided the highest detection probability of at least one species. Results suggest that a multimethod approach may be most effective when attempting to sample the entire fish community of Arctic lakes. Detection probability estimates will be useful for designing optimal fish sampling and monitoring protocols in Arctic lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2012-0527","usgsCitation":"Haynes, T.B., Rosenberger, A.E., Lindberg, M., Whitman, M., and Schmutz, J.A., 2013, Method- and species-specific detection probabilities of fish occupancy in Arctic lakes: Implications for design and management: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 70, no. 7, p. 1055-1062, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2012-0527.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1055","endPage":"1062","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045099","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296409,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.328125,\n 71.63599288330606\n ],\n [\n -141.6796875,\n 58.81374171570782\n ],\n [\n -178.2421875,\n 50.62507306341435\n ],\n [\n -165.76171875,\n 71.69129271863999\n ],\n [\n -141.328125,\n 71.63599288330606\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54803428e4b0ac64d148dceb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haynes, Trevor B.","contributorId":100302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haynes","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberger, Amanda E. 0000-0002-5520-8349 arosenberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5520-8349","contributorId":5581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Amanda","email":"arosenberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindberg, Mark S.","contributorId":89466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindberg","given":"Mark S.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitman, Matthew","contributorId":19257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitman","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70045743,"text":"ds709Y - 2013 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Ahankashan mineral district in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-01T21:37:12","indexId":"ds709Y","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"Y","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Ahankashan mineral district in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the Ahankashan mineral district, which has copper and gold deposits.\n\nALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420–500 nanometer, nm), green (520–600 nm), red (610–690 nm), and near-infrared (760–890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520–770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (©JAXA,2007,2008, 2009, 2010),but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement.\n\nThe selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar-elevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. Therefore, it was necessary to (1) register the 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery to a well-controlled Landsat image base, (2) mosaic the individual multispectral images into a single image of the entire area of interest, (3) register each panchromatic image to the registered multispectral image base, and (4) mosaic the individual panchromatic images into a single image of the entire area of interest. The two image-registration steps were facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band's picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 500-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands).\n\nAll image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area's local zone (41 for Ahankashan) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics were subdivided into five overlapping tiles or quadrants because of the large size of the target area. The five image tiles (or quadrants) for the Ahankashan area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (DS 709)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds709Y","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations and the Afghanistan Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., 2013, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Ahankashan mineral district in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, HTML Document; Readme; 4 Index Maps; 10 Image Files; 10 Metadata; Shapefiles, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds709Y.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Readme; 4 Index Maps; 10 Image Files; 10 Metadata; Shapefiles","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds709Y.png"},{"id":271700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/y/"},{"id":271701,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/y/1_readme.txt"},{"id":271702,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/y/index_maps/index_maps.html"},{"id":271703,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/y/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":271704,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/y/metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":271705,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/y/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"}],"country":"Afghanistan","otherGeospatial":"Ahankashan Mineral District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60.52,29.38 ], [ 60.52,38.49 ], [ 74.89,38.49 ], [ 74.89,29.38 ], [ 60.52,29.38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51822b6be4b04bbc6ead2702","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":509319,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70189218,"text":"70189218 - 2013 - Colloid transport in saturated porous media: Elimination of attachment efficiency in a new colloid transport model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T16:50:16","indexId":"70189218","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Colloid transport in saturated porous media: Elimination of attachment efficiency in a new colloid transport model","docAbstract":"A colloid transport model is introduced that is conceptually simple yet captures the essential features of colloid transport and retention in saturated porous media when colloid retention is dominated by the secondary minimum because an electrostatic barrier inhibits substantial deposition in the primary minimum. This model is based on conventional colloid filtration theory (CFT) but eliminates the empirical concept of attachment efficiency. The colloid deposition rate is computed directly from CFT by assuming all predicted interceptions of colloids by collectors result in at least temporary deposition in the secondary minimum. Also, a new paradigm for colloid re-entrainment based on colloid population heterogeneity is introduced. To accomplish this, the initial colloid population is divided into two fractions. One fraction, by virtue of physiochemical characteristics (e.g., size and charge), will always be re-entrained after capture in a secondary minimum. The remaining fraction of colloids, again as a result of physiochemical characteristics, will be retained “irreversibly” when captured by a secondary minimum. Assuming the dispersion coefficient can be estimated from tracer behavior, this model has only two fitting parameters: (1) the fraction of the initial colloid population that will be retained “irreversibly” upon interception by a secondary minimum, and (2) the rate at which reversibly retained colloids leave the secondary minimum. These two parameters were correlated to the depth of the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) secondary energy minimum and pore-water velocity, two physical forces that influence colloid transport. Given this correlation, the model serves as a heuristic tool for exploring the influence of physical parameters such as surface potential and fluid velocity on colloid transport.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/wrcr.20195","usgsCitation":"Landkamer, L.L., Harvey, R.W., Scheibe, T.D., and Ryan, J.N., 2013, Colloid transport in saturated porous media: Elimination of attachment efficiency in a new colloid transport model: Water Resources Research, v. 49, no. 5, p. 2952-2965, https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20195.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2952","endPage":"2965","ipdsId":"IP-014563","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20195","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343392,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595f4c43e4b0d1f9f057e368","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landkamer, Lee L.","contributorId":65679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landkamer","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scheibe, Timothy D.","contributorId":194243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scheibe","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":703561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ]}