A colloid transport model is introduced that is conceptually simple yet captures the essential features of colloid transport and retention in saturated porous media when colloid retention is dominated by the secondary minimum because an electrostatic barrier inhibits substantial deposition in the primary minimum. This model is based on conventional colloid filtration theory (CFT) but eliminates the empirical concept of attachment efficiency. The colloid deposition rate is computed directly from CFT by assuming all predicted interceptions of colloids by collectors result in at least temporary deposition in the secondary minimum. Also, a new paradigm for colloid re-entrainment based on colloid population heterogeneity is introduced. To accomplish this, the initial colloid population is divided into two fractions. One fraction, by virtue of physiochemical characteristics (e.g., size and charge), will always be re-entrained after capture in a secondary minimum. The remaining fraction of colloids, again as a result of physiochemical characteristics, will be retained “irreversibly” when captured by a secondary minimum. Assuming the dispersion coefficient can be estimated from tracer behavior, this model has only two fitting parameters: (1) the fraction of the initial colloid population that will be retained “irreversibly” upon interception by a secondary minimum, and (2) the rate at which reversibly retained colloids leave the secondary minimum. These two parameters were correlated to the depth of the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) secondary energy minimum and pore-water velocity, two physical forces that influence colloid transport. Given this correlation, the model serves as a heuristic tool for exploring the influence of physical parameters such as surface potential and fluid velocity on colloid transport.
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In addition to presenting data, this report also describes monitoring, data collection, and quality control methodology. This array of 16 monitoring stations spans 68.5°N to 70.5°N and 142.5°W to 161°W, an area of roughly 150,000 square kilometers. Climate summaries are presented along with provisional quality-controlled data. Data collection is ongoing and includes several additional climate variables to be released in subsequent reports, including ground temperature and soil moisture, snow depth, rainfall, up- and downwelling shortwave radiation, and atmospheric pressure. These data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in close collaboration with the Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131063","usgsCitation":"Urban, F., and Clow, G.D., 2013, Air temperature, wind speed, and wind direction in the National Petroleum Reserve—Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1998–2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1063, HTML Document: Introduction/main text; Tunalik; Umiat; Inigok; Koluktak; Lake 145; Marsh Creek; Niquanak; Piksiksak; Red Sheep Creek; South Meade; Awuana 1; Awuana 2; Camden Bay; Drew Point; East Teshekpuk; Fish Creek; Ikpikpuk, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131063.","productDescription":"HTML Document: Introduction/main text; Tunalik; Umiat; Inigok; Koluktak; Lake 145; Marsh Creek; Niquanak; Piksiksak; Red Sheep Creek; South Meade; Awuana 1; Awuana 2; Camden Bay; Drew Point; East Teshekpuk; Fish Creek; Ikpikpuk","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271620,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131063.jpg"},{"id":271619,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1063/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.015,0.0016666666666666668 ], [ -0.015,0.0019444444444444444 ], [ -0.015833333333333335,0.0019444444444444444 ], [ -0.015833333333333335,0.0016666666666666668 ], [ -0.015,0.0016666666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5180d9cfe4b0df838b924d21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Urban, Frank E. 0000-0002-1329-1703","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1703","contributorId":80918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urban","given":"Frank E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clow, Gary D. 0000-0002-2262-3853 clow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2262-3853","contributorId":2066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"Gary","email":"clow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045702,"text":"ofr20131099 - 2013 - Differential expression profiles of microRNA in the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) associated with white nose syndrome affected and unaffected individuals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T18:46:56.883032","indexId":"ofr20131099","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1099","title":"Differential expression profiles of microRNA in the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) associated with white nose syndrome affected and unaffected individuals","docAbstract":"First documented in New York State in 2006, white nose syndrome (WNS) quickly became the leading cause of mortality in hibernating bat species in the United States. WNS is caused by a psychrophilic fungus, Geomyces destructans. Clinical signs of this pathogen are expressed as a dusty white fungus predominately around the nose and on the wings of affected bats. Relatively new biomarkers, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) are being targeted as markers to predict the syndrome prior to the clinical manifestation. The primary objective of this study was to identify miRNAs that could serve as biomarkers and proxies of little brown bat health. Bats were collected from hibernacula that had tested positive and negative for WNS. Genetic sequencing was completed using the Ion Torrent platform. A number of miRNAs were identified from the liver as putative biomarkers of WNS. However, given the small sample size for each treatment, this data set has only coarsely identified miRNAs indicative of WNS, and further validation is required.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131099","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Iwanowicz, D., Iwanowicz, L., Hitt, N., and King, T., 2013, Differential expression profiles of microRNA in the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) associated with white nose syndrome affected and unaffected individuals: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1099, iv, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131099.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271636,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131099.png"},{"id":271635,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1099/pdf/ofr2013-1099.pdf"},{"id":271634,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1099/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5180d9dae4b0df838b924d2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iwanowicz, D.D.","contributorId":97706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iwanowicz, L. 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The same type of 2-way classification for total phosphorus and sediment results in equal numbers of stations in each indicator class.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131052","usgsCitation":"Langland, M.J., Blomquist, J., Moyer, D., Hyer, K., and Chanat, J.G., 2013, Total nutrient and sediment loads, trends, yields, and nontidal water-quality indicators for selected nontidal stations, Chesapeake Bay Watershed, 1985–2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1052, iv, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131052.","productDescription":"iv, 54 p.","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science 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challenging for USGS scientists to sample as robustly alone. The addition of a new partnership with the KRWC to create a community-based monitoring program will only increase these benefits by growing the spatial extent of data collection and empowering more people to take charge of important science in their own backyard.","language":"English","publisher":"ARCUS","usgsCitation":"Herman-Mercer, N.M., 2013, Community-based water-quality monitoring in the Yukon River Basin and the Kuskokwim Watershed: Witness the Arctic, v. 2, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-045234","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343384,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343382,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.arcus.org/witness-the-arctic/2013/2/article/19953"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Yukon","otherGeospatial":"Kuskokwim River Basin. 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Substantial water-level declines in the Equus Beds aquifer have resulted from pumping groundwater for agricultural and municipal needs, as well as periodic drought conditions. In March 2006, the city of Wichita began construction of the Equus Beds Aquifer Storage and Recovery project to store and later recover groundwater, and to form a hydraulic barrier to the known chloride-brine plume near Burrton, Kansas. In October 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Wichita, began a study to determine groundwater flow in the area of the Wichita well field, and chloride transport from the Arkansas River and Burrton oilfield to the Wichita well field. Groundwater flow was simulated for the Equus Beds aquifer using the three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater-flow model MODFLOW-2000. The model simulates steady-state and transient conditions. The groundwater-flow model was calibrated by adjusting model input data and model geometry until model results matched field observations within an acceptable level of accuracy. The root mean square (RMS) error for water-level observations for the steady-state calibration simulation is 9.82 feet. The ratio of the RMS error to the total head loss in the model area is 0.049 and the mean error for water-level observations is 3.86 feet. The difference between flow into the model and flow out of the model across all model boundaries is -0.08 percent of total flow for the steady-state calibration. The RMS error for water-level observations for the transient calibration simulation is 2.48 feet, the ratio of the RMS error to the total head loss in the model area is 0.0124, and the mean error for water-level observations is 0.03 feet. The RMS error calculated for observed and simulated base flow gains or losses for the Arkansas River for the transient simulation is 7,916,564 cubic feet per day (91.6 cubic feet per second) and the RMS error divided by (/) the total range in streamflow (7,916,564/37,461,669 cubic feet per day) is 22 percent. The RMS error calculated for observed and simulated streamflow gains or losses for the Little Arkansas River for the transient simulation is 5,610,089 cubic feet per day(64.9 cubic feet per second) and the RMS error divided by the total range in streamflow (5,612,918/41,791,091 cubic feet per day) is 13 percent. The mean error between observed and simulated base flow gains or losses was 29,999 cubic feet per day (0.34 cubic feet per second) for the Arkansas River and -1,369,250 cubic feet per day (-15.8 cubic feet per second) for the Little Arkansas River. Cumulative streamflow gain and loss observations are similar to the cumulative simulated equivalents. Average percent mass balance difference for individual stress periods ranged from -0.46 to 0.51 percent. The cumulative mass balance for the transient calibration was 0.01 percent. Composite scaled sensitivities indicate the simulations are most sensitive to parameters with a large areal distribution. For the steady-state calibration, these parameters include recharge, hydraulic conductivity, and vertical conductance. For the transient simulation, these parameters include evapotranspiration, recharge, and hydraulic conductivity. The ability of the calibrated model to account for the additional groundwater recharged to the Equus Beds aquifer as part of the Aquifer Storage and Recovery project was assessed by using the U.S. Geological Survey subregional water budget program ZONEBUDGET and comparing those results to metered recharge for 2007 and 2008 and previous estimates of artificial recharge. The change in storage between simulations is the volume of water that estimates the recharge credit for the aquifer storage and recovery system. The estimated increase in storage of 1,607 acre-ft in the basin storage area compared to metered recharge of 1,796 acre-ft indicates some loss of metered recharge. Increased storage outside of the basin storage area of 183 acre-ft accounts for all but 6 acre-ft or 0.33 percent of the total. Previously estimated recharge credits for 2007 and 2008 are 1,018 and 600 acre-ft, respectively, and a total estimated recharge credit of 1,618 acre-ft. Storage changes calculated for this study are 4.42 percent less for 2007 and 5.67 percent more for 2008 than previous estimates. Total storage change for 2007 and 2008 is 0.68 percent less than previous estimates. The small difference between the increase in storage from artificial recharge estimated with the groundwater-flow model and metered recharge indicates the groundwater model correctly accounts for the additional water recharged to the Equus Beds aquifer as part of the Aquifer Storage and Recovery project. Small percent differences between inflows and outflows for all stress periods and all index cells in the basin storage area, improved calibration compared to the previous model, and a reasonable match between simulated and measured long-term base flow indicates the groundwater model accurately simulates groundwater flow in the study area. The change in groundwater level through recent years compared to the August 1940 groundwater level map has been documented and used to assess the change of storage volume of the Equus Beds aquifer in and near the Wichita well field for three different areas. Two methods were used to estimate changes in storage from simulation results using simulated change in groundwater levels in layer 1 between stress periods, and using ZONEBUDGET to calculate the change in storage in the same way the effects of artificial recharge were estimated within the basin storage area. The three methods indicate similar trends although the magnitude of storage changes differ. Information about the change in storage in response to hydrologic stresses is important for managing groundwater resources in the study area. The comparison between the three methods indicates similar storage change trends are estimated and each could be used to determine relative increases or decreases in storage. Use of groundwater level changes that do not include storage changes that occur in confined or semi-confined parts of the aquifer will slightly underestimate storage changes; however, use of specific yield and groundwater level changes to estimate storage change in confined or semi-confined parts of the aquifer will overestimate storage changes. Using only changes in shallow groundwater levels would provide more accurate storage change estimates for the measured groundwater levels method. The value used for specific yield is also an important consideration when estimating storage. For the Equus Beds aquifer the reported specific yield ranges between 0.08 and 0.35 and the storage coefficient (for confined conditions) ranges between 0.0004 and 0.16. Considering the importance of the value of specific yield and storage coefficient to estimates of storage change over time, and the wide range and substantial overlap for the reported values for specific yield and storage coefficient in the study area, further information on the distribution of specific yield and storage coefficient within the Equus Beds aquifer in the study area would greatly enhance the accuracy of estimated storage changes using both simulated groundwater level, simulated groundwater budget, or measured groundwater level methods.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135042","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the city of Wichita, Kansas, as part of the Equus Beds Groundwater Recharge Project","usgsCitation":"Kelly, B.P., Pickett, L.L., Hansen, C.V., and Ziegler, A., 2013, Simulation of groundwater flow, effects of artificial recharge, and storage volume changes in the Equus Beds aquifer near the city of Wichita, Kansas well field, 1935–2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5042, Report: viii, 92 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135042.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 92 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"102","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042806","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271633,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/SIR20135042.gif"},{"id":271632,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5042/downloads/"},{"id":271630,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5042/"},{"id":271631,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5042/sir2013-5042.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","city":"Wichita","otherGeospatial":"Equus Beds Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.3,37.6 ], [ -98.3,38.05 ], [ -97.16,38.05 ], [ -97.16,37.6 ], [ -98.3,37.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5180d9dce4b0df838b924d35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, Brian P. 0000-0001-6378-2837 bkelly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6378-2837","contributorId":897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Brian","email":"bkelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pickett, Linda L.","contributorId":108377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickett","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Cristi V. chansen@usgs.gov","contributorId":435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Cristi","email":"chansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ziegler, Andrew C. aziegler@usgs.gov","contributorId":433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Andrew C.","email":"aziegler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70045698,"text":"ofr20131094 - 2013 - Input-form data for the U.S. Geological Survey assessment of the Devonian and Mississippian Bakken and Devonian Three Forks Formations of the U.S. Williston Basin Province, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T13:20:41","indexId":"ofr20131094","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1094","title":"Input-form data for the U.S. Geological Survey assessment of the Devonian and Mississippian Bakken and Devonian Three Forks Formations of the U.S. Williston Basin Province, 2013","docAbstract":"In 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey assessed the technically recoverable oil and gas resources of the Bakken and Three Forks Formations of the U.S. portion of the Williston Basin. The Bakken and Three Forks Formations were assessed as continuous and hypothetical conventional oil accumulations using a methodology similar to that used in the assessment of other continuous- and conventional-type assessment units throughout the United States. The purpose of this report is to provide supplemental documentation and information used in the Bakken-Three Forks assessment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131094","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey Bakken-Three Forks Assessment Team, Gaswirth, S., Marra, K.R., Cook, T.A., Charpentier, R., Gautier, D.L., Higley, D.K., Klett, T., Lewan, M., Lillis, P.G., Schenk, C.J., Tennyson, M., and Whidden, K.J., 2013, Input-form data for the U.S. Geological Survey assessment of the Devonian and Mississippian Bakken and Devonian Three Forks Formations of the U.S. Williston Basin Province, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1094, iii, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131094.","productDescription":"iii, 70 p.","numberOfPages":"73","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science 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in a number of Colorado and New Mexico streams that contain populations of Rio Grande cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis) and had no previous record of continual temperature records. When compared to Colorado’s water temperature criteria (Cold Tier 1), a portion of these populations appeared to be at risk from elevated stream temperatures, as indicated by exceedance of both acute (17–22 percent) and chronic (2–9 percent) water quality metrics. Summer water temperature profiles recorded at sites within current Rio Grande cutthroat trout habitat indicated that although the majority of currently occupied conservation streams have temperatures that fall well below these biologically based acute and chronic thermal thresholds, several sites may be at or approaching water temperatures considered stressful to cutthroat trout. Further, water temperatures should be considered in decisions regarding the current and future thermal suitability of potential Rio Grande cutthroat trout restoration sites. Additionally, baseflow discharge sampling indicated that a majority of the sampled stream segments containing Rio Grande cutthroat trout have flows less than 1.0 cubic feet per second (cfs) in both 2010 (74 percent) and 2011 (77 percent). The relative drought sensitivity of these low baseflow streams containing Rio Grande cutthroat trout could be further evaluated to assess their probable sustainability under possible future drought conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131051","usgsCitation":"Zeigler, M., Todd, A., and Caldwell, C.A., 2013, Water temperature and baseflow discharge of streams throughout the range of Rio Grande cutthroat trout in Colorado and New Mexico—2010 and 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1051, Report: vi, 19 p.; Appendix A: Monitoring Site Data for Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout Populations Part 1 and Part 2 PDFs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131051.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 19 p.; Appendix A: Monitoring Site Data for Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout Populations Part 1 and Part 2 PDFs","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":205,"text":"Cooperative Research Units","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131051.gif"},{"id":271661,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1051/Appendix%20A_1.pdf"},{"id":271659,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1051/"},{"id":271662,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1051/Appendix%20A_2.pdf"},{"id":271660,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1051/ofr2013-1051.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;New Mexico;Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.016666666666666666,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.016666666666666666,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.016666666666666666,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.016666666666666666,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.016666666666666666,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5180d9dde4b0df838b924d3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zeigler, Matthew P.","contributorId":44401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeigler","given":"Matthew P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Todd, Andrew S.","contributorId":33162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Andrew S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caldwell, Colleen A. 0000-0002-4730-4867 ccaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4730-4867","contributorId":3050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Colleen","email":"ccaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045675,"text":"ofr20131091 - 2013 - Review of selected global mineral industries in 2011 and an outlook to 2017","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-29T13:51:07","indexId":"ofr20131091","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1091","title":"Review of selected global mineral industries in 2011 and an outlook to 2017","docAbstract":"This report reviews the world production of selected mineral commodities in 2011 and includes output projections (based on planned capacity expansions) through 2017. It also includes brief discussions of several issues that are of importance to the mineral sector, including the world economy, the availability of strategic minerals, significant company mergers and acquisitions in 2011, exploration investment made during the year, and the moves towards resource nationalization and expropriation of mineral assets by national Governments.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131091","usgsCitation":"Menzie, W.D., Soto-Viruet, Y., Bermudez-Lugo, O., Mobbs, P.M., Perez, A., Taib, M., Wacaster, S., and Staff, 2013, Review of selected global mineral industries in 2011 and an outlook to 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1091, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131091.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2017-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271618,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131091.gif"},{"id":271616,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1091/"},{"id":271617,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1091/OFR2013-1091.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517f8857e4b0e41721f7a324","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Menzie, W. 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The U.S. Geological Survey investigated salt marshes in and around Acadia National Park from Penobscot Bay to the Schoodic Peninsula to map the potential for landward migration of marshes using a static inundation model of a sea-level rise scenario of 60 centimeters (cm; 2 feet). The resulting inundation contours can be used by resource managers to proactively adapt to sea-level rise by identifying and targeting low-lying coastal areas adjacent to salt marshes for conservation or further investigation, and to identify risks to infrastructure in the coastal zone. For this study, the mapping of static inundation was based on digital elevation models derived from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) topographic data collected in October 2010. Land-surveyed control points were used to evaluate the accuracy of the LiDAR data in the study area, yielding a root mean square error of 11.3 cm. An independent accuracy assessment of the LiDAR data specific to salt-marsh land surfaces indicated a root mean square error of 13.3 cm and 95-percent confidence interval of ± 26.0 cm. LiDAR-derived digital elevation models and digital color aerial photography, taken during low tide conditions in 2008, with a pixel resolution of 0.5 meters, were used to identify the highest elevation of the land surface at each salt marsh in the study area. Inundation contours for 60-cm of sea-level rise were delineated above the highest marsh elevation for each marsh. Confidence interval contours (95-percent,± 26.0 cm) were delineated above and below the 60-cm inundation contours, and artificial structures, such as roads and bridges, that may present barriers to salt-marsh migration were mapped. This study delineated 114 salt marshes totaling 340 hectares (ha), ranging in size from 0.11 ha (marshes less than 0.2 ha were mapped only if they were on Acadia National Park property) to 52 ha, with a median size of 1.0 ha. Inundation contours were mapped at 110 salt marshes. Approximately 350 ha of low-lying upland areas adjacent to these marshes will be inundated with 60 cm of sea-level rise. Many of these areas are currently freshwater wetlands. There are potential barriers to marsh migration at 27 of the 114 marshes. Although only 23 percent of the salt marshes in the study are on ANP property, about half of the upland areas that will be inundated are within ANP; most of the predicted inundated uplands (approximately 170 ha) include freshwater wetlands in the Northeast Creek and Bass Harbor Marsh areas. Most of the salt marshes analyzed do not have a significant amount of upland area available for migration. Seventy-five percent of the salt marshes have 20 meters or less of adjacent upland that would be inundated along most of their edges. All inundation contours, salt marsh locations, potential barriers, and survey data are stored in geospatial files for use in a geographic information system and are a part of this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125290","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, M.G., and Dudley, R.W., 2013, Estimates of future inundation of salt marshes in response to sea-level rise in and around Acadia National Park, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5290, Report: viii, 20 p.; Appendix 1: Geospatial Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125290.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 20 p.; Appendix 1: Geospatial Data","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20125290.gif"},{"id":271612,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5290/"},{"id":271613,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5290/pdf/sir2012-5290_nielsen_508.pdf"},{"id":271614,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5290/appendix.html"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universe Transverse Mercator, zone 19N","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -68.6598,44.0059 ], [ -68.6598,44.4314 ], [ -68.0373,44.4314 ], [ -68.0373,44.0059 ], [ -68.6598,44.0059 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517f884fe4b0e41721f7a320","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, Martha G. 0000-0003-3038-9400 mnielsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3038-9400","contributorId":4169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Martha","email":"mnielsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187065,"text":"70187065 - 2013 - Evidence for fluid-triggered slip in the 2009 Mount Rainier, Washington earthquake swarm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-21T09:19:10","indexId":"70187065","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for fluid-triggered slip in the 2009 Mount Rainier, Washington earthquake swarm","docAbstract":"A vigorous swarm of over 1000 small, shallow earthquakes occurred 20–22 September 2009 beneath Mount Rainier, Washington, including the largest number of events ever recorded in a single day at Rainier since seismic stations were installed on the edifice in 1989. Many events were only clearly recorded on one or two stations on the edifice, or they overlapped in time with other events, and thus only ~200 were locatable by manual phase picking. To partially overcome this limitation, we applied waveform-based event detection integrated with precise double-difference relative relocation. With this procedure, detection and location goals are accomplished in tandem, using cross-correlation with continuous seismic data and waveform templates constructed from cataloged events. As a result, we obtained precise locations for 726 events, an improvement of almost a factor of 4. These event locations define a ~850 m long nearly vertical structure striking NNE, with episodic migration outward from the initial hypocenters. The activity front propagates in a manner consistent with a diffusional process. Double-couple-constrained focal mechanisms suggest dominantly near-vertical strike-slip motion on either NNW or ENE striking faults, more than 30° different than the strike of the event locations. This suggests the possibility of en echelon faulting, perhaps with a component of fault opening in a fracture-mesh-type geometry. We hypothesize that the swarm was initiated by a sudden release of high-pressure fluid into preexisting fractures, with subsequent activity triggered by diffusing fluid pressure in combination with stress transfer from the preceding events.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/grl.50354","usgsCitation":"Shelly, D.R., Moran, S.C., and Thelen, W.A., 2013, Evidence for fluid-triggered slip in the 2009 Mount Rainier, Washington earthquake swarm: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 40, no. 8, p. 1506-1512, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50354.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1506","endPage":"1512","ipdsId":"IP-044737","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50354","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122,\n 46.7\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 46.7\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 46.95\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 46.95\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 46.7\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58fb1a4fe4b0c3010a8087d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, Seth C. 0000-0001-7308-9649 smoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9649","contributorId":548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Seth","email":"smoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thelen, Weston A. 0000-0003-2534-5577 wthelen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2534-5577","contributorId":4126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thelen","given":"Weston","email":"wthelen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045616,"text":"70045616 - 2013 - Outcrop control of basin-scale underpressure in the Raton Basin, Colorado and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-27T13:38:59","indexId":"70045616","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Outcrop control of basin-scale underpressure in the Raton Basin, Colorado and New Mexico","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.H., Gianoutsos, N., and Anna, L.O., 2013, Outcrop control of basin-scale underpressure in the Raton Basin, Colorado and New Mexico: Mountain Geologist, v. 50, no. 2, p. 37-63.","productDescription":"27","startPage":"37","endPage":"63","ipdsId":"IP-041993","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271514,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0,31.33 ], [ -109.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,31.33 ], [ -109.0,31.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517ce54ee4b0d8907b288193","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, P. 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O.","contributorId":65472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anna","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045613,"text":"fs20133014 - 2013 - Mount St. Helens, 1980 to now—what’s going on?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T10:58:23","indexId":"fs20133014","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3014, version 1.1","title":"Mount St. Helens, 1980 to now—what’s going on?","docAbstract":"Mount St. Helens seized the world’s attention in 1980 when the largest historical landslide on Earth and a powerful explosive eruption reshaped the volcano, created its distinctive crater, and dramatically modified the surrounding landscape. An enormous lava dome grew episodically in the crater until 1986, when the volcano became relatively quiet. A new glacier grew in the crater, wrapping around and partly burying the lava dome. From 1987 to 2003, sporadic earthquake swarms and small steam explosions indicated that magma (molten rock) was being replenished deep underground. In 2004, steam-and-ash explosions heralded the start of another eruption. A quieter phase of continuous lava extrusion followed and lasted until 2008, building a new dome and doubling the volume of lava on the crater floor. Scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey and University of Washington’s Pacific Northwest Seismograph Network maintain constant watch for signs of renewed activity at Mount St. Helens and other Cascade volcanoes. Now is an ideal time for both actual and virtual visitors to Mount St. Helens to learn more about dramatic changes taking place on and beneath this active volcano.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133014","collaboration":"U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY and the U.S. FOREST SERVICE—OUR VOLCANIC PUBLIC LANDS","usgsCitation":"Dzurisin, D., Driedger, C.L., and Faust, L.M., 2013, Mount St. Helens, 1980 to now—what’s going on? (Originally posted on April 23, 2013; Revised May 28, 2013): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3014, version 1.1, Report: 6 p.; Videos folder: 6 video links; Transcripts folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133014.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; Videos folder: 6 video links; Transcripts folder","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271503,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133014.gif"},{"id":271502,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3014/transcripts"},{"id":271501,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3014/videos"},{"id":271499,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3014/"},{"id":271500,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3014/fs2013-3014_text.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.30495452880858,\n 46.12608040848373\n ],\n [\n -122.07527160644531,\n 46.12608040848373\n ],\n [\n -122.07527160644531,\n 46.27815664309132\n ],\n [\n -122.30495452880858,\n 46.27815664309132\n ],\n [\n -122.30495452880858,\n 46.12608040848373\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Originally posted on April 23, 2013; Revised May 28, 2013","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517b93cee4b09d6a5f9a2ea2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driedger, Carolyn L. 0000-0002-4011-4112 driedger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4011-4112","contributorId":537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driedger","given":"Carolyn","email":"driedger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faust, Lisa M. 0000-0001-6175-8999 lisaf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6175-8999","contributorId":5131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faust","given":"Lisa","email":"lisaf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":477955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045614,"text":"sir20135022 - 2013 - Salmonids, stream temperatures, and solar loading--modeling the shade provided to the Klamath River by vegetation and geomorphology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-26T09:14:32","indexId":"sir20135022","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5022","title":"Salmonids, stream temperatures, and solar loading--modeling the shade provided to the Klamath River by vegetation and geomorphology","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is studying approaches to characterize the thermal regulation of water and the dynamics of cold water refugia. High temperatures have physiological impacts on anadromous fish species. Factors affecting the presence, variability, and quality of thermal refugia are known, such as riverine and watershed processes, hyporheic flows, deep pools and bathymetric factors, thermal stratification of reservoirs, and other broader climatic considerations. This research develops a conceptual model and methodological techniques to quantify the change in solar insolation load to the Klamath River caused by riparian and floodplain vegetation, the morphology of the river, and the orientation and topographic characteristics of its watersheds. Using multiple scales of input data from digital elevation models and airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) derivatives, different analysis methods yielded three different model results. These models are correlated with thermal infrared imagery for ground-truth information at the focal confluence with the Scott River. Results from nonparametric correlation tests, geostatistical cross-covariograms, and cross-correlograms indicate that statistical relationships between the insolation models and the thermal infrared imagery exist and are significant. Furthermore, the use of geostatistics provides insights to the spatial structure of the relationships that would not be apparent otherwise. To incorporate a more complete representation of the temperature dynamics in the river system, other variables including the factors mentioned above, and their influence on solar loading, are discussed. With similar datasets, these methods could be applied to any river in the United States—especially those listed as temperature impaired under Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act—or international riverine systems. Considering the importance of thermal refugia for aquatic species, these methods can help investigate opportunities for riparian restoration, identify problematic reaches unlikely to provide good habitat, and simulate changes to solar loading estimates from alternative landscape configurations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135022","usgsCitation":"Forney, W.M., Soulard, C.E., and Chickadel, C.C., 2013, Salmonids, stream temperatures, and solar loading--modeling the shade provided to the Klamath River by vegetation and geomorphology: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5022, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135022.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135022.gif"},{"id":271504,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5022/"},{"id":271505,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5022/sir2013-5022.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River;Scott River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.85,41.36 ], [ -122.85,41.37 ], [ -122.82,41.37 ], [ -122.82,41.36 ], [ -122.85,41.36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517b93d7e4b09d6a5f9a2ea6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forney, William M.","contributorId":43490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forney","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soulard, Christopher E. 0000-0002-5777-9516 csoulard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-9516","contributorId":2642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"Christopher","email":"csoulard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chickadel, C. Christopher","contributorId":106337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chickadel","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045617,"text":"ofr20131066 - 2013 - Water temperatures in select nearshore environments of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona, during the Low Steady Summer Flow experiment of 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-26T12:19:33","indexId":"ofr20131066","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1066","title":"Water temperatures in select nearshore environments of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona, during the Low Steady Summer Flow experiment of 2000","docAbstract":"Water releases from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona, are the primary determinant of streamflow, sediment transport, water quality, and aquatic and riparian habitat availability in the Colorado River downstream of the dam in Grand Canyon. The presence and operation of the dam have transformed the seasonally warm Colorado River into a consistently cold river because of hypolimnetic, or deep-water, releases from the penstock withdrawal structures on the dam. These releases have substantially altered the thermal regime of the downstream riverine environment. This, in turn, has affected the biota of the river corridor, particularly native and nonnative fish communities and the aquatic food web. In the spring and summer of 2000, a Low Steady Summer Flow experiment was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Reclamation to evaluate the effects of the experimental flow on physical and biological resources of the Colorado River ecosystem downstream from Glen Canyon Dam to Lake Mead on the Arizona-Nevada border. This report describes the water temperatures collected during the experimental flow from 14 nearshore sites in the river corridor in Grand Canyon to assess the effects of steady releases on the thermal dynamics of nearshore environments. These nearshore areas are characterized by low-velocity flows with some degree of isolation from the higher velocity flows in the main channel and are hypothesized to be important rearing environments for young native fish. Water-temperature measurements were made at 14 sites, ranging from backwater to open-channel environments. Warming during daylight hours, relative to main-channel temperatures, was measured at all sites in relation to the amount of isolation from the main-channel current. Boat traffic, amount of direct solar radiation, and degree of isolation from the main-channel current appear to be the primary factors affecting the differential warming of the nearshore environment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131066","usgsCitation":"Vernieu, W., and Anderson, C.R., 2013, Water temperatures in select nearshore environments of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona, during the Low Steady Summer Flow experiment of 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1066, Report: vi, 44 p.; Data folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131066.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 44 p.; Data folder","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271510,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131066.gif"},{"id":271509,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1066/csv"},{"id":271507,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1066/"},{"id":271508,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1066/of2013-1066_text.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,35 ], [ -114,37.25 ], [ -111,37.25 ], [ -111,35 ], [ -114,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517b93d8e4b09d6a5f9a2eaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vernieu, William S.","contributorId":49068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vernieu","given":"William S.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Craig R.","contributorId":42857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70118244,"text":"70118244 - 2013 - A new data set for estimating organic carbon storage to 3 m depth in soils of the northern circumpolar permafrost region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T09:21:37","indexId":"70118244","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-25T09:16:52","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1426,"text":"Earth System Science Data","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new data set for estimating organic carbon storage to 3 m depth in soils of the northern circumpolar permafrost region","docAbstract":"High-latitude terrestrial ecosystems are key components in the global carbon cycle. The Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Database (NCSCD) was developed to quantify stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the northern circumpolar permafrost region (a total area of 18.7 × 106 km2). The NCSCD is a geographical information system (GIS) data set that has been constructed using harmonized regional soil classification maps together with pedon data from the northern permafrost region. Previously, the NCSCD has been used to calculate SOC storage to the reference depths 0–30 cm and 0–100 cm (based on 1778 pedons). It has been shown that soils of the northern circumpolar permafrost region also contain significant quantities of SOC in the 100–300 cm depth range, but there has been no circumpolar compilation of pedon data to quantify this deeper SOC pool and there are no spatially distributed estimates of SOC storage below 100 cm depth in this region. Here we describe the synthesis of an updated pedon data set for SOC storage (kg C m-2) in deep soils of the northern circumpolar permafrost regions, with separate data sets for the 100–200 cm (524 pedons) and 200–300 cm (356 pedons) depth ranges. These pedons have been grouped into the North American and Eurasian sectors and the mean SOC storage for different soil taxa (subdivided into Gelisols including the sub-orders Histels, Turbels, Orthels, permafrost-free Histosols, and permafrost-free mineral soil orders) has been added to the updated NCSCDv2. The updated version of the data set is freely available online in different file formats and spatial resolutions that enable spatially explicit applications in GIS mapping and terrestrial ecosystem models. While this newly compiled data set adds to our knowledge of SOC in the 100–300 cm depth range, it also reveals that large uncertainties remain. Identified data gaps include spatial coverage of deep (> 100 cm) pedons in many regions as well as the spatial extent of areas with thin soils overlying bedrock and the quantity and distribution of massive ground ice. An open access data-portal for the pedon data set and the GIS-data sets is available online at http://bolin.su.se/data/ncscd/.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth System Science Data","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus","publisherLocation":"Katlenberg-Lindau, Germany","doi":"10.5194/essd-5-393-2013","usgsCitation":"Hugelius, G., Bockheim, J.G., Camill, P., Elberling, B., Grosse, G., Harden, J., Johnson, K., Jorgenson, T., Koven, C., Kuhry, P., Michaelson, G., Mishra, U., Palmtag, J., Ping, C., O'Donnell, J., Schirrmeister, L., Schuur, E., Sheng, Y., Smith, L., Strauss, J., and Yu, Z., 2013, A new data set for estimating organic carbon storage to 3 m depth in soils of the northern circumpolar permafrost region: Earth System Science Data, v. 5, no. 2, p. 393-402, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-393-2013.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"402","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":473860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-393-2013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291087,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-393-2013"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f301e4b0bc0bec0a070e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hugelius, G.","contributorId":27338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hugelius","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bockheim, James G.","contributorId":41948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bockheim","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Camill, P.","contributorId":78185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camill","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elberling, B.","contributorId":70305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elberling","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grosse, G.","contributorId":82140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, Kevin","contributorId":83287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jorgenson, T.","contributorId":19769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Koven, C.D.","contributorId":34017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koven","given":"C.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kuhry, P.","contributorId":57277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuhry","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Michaelson, G.","contributorId":30851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaelson","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Mishra, U.","contributorId":99906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mishra","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Palmtag, J.","contributorId":62532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmtag","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Ping, C.-L.","contributorId":60843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ping","given":"C.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"O'Donnell, J.","contributorId":34785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Donnell","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Schirrmeister, L.","contributorId":41355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schirrmeister","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Schuur, E.A.G.","contributorId":106679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuur","given":"E.A.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Sheng, Y.","contributorId":66611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheng","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Smith, L.C.","contributorId":88561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Strauss, J.","contributorId":8770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strauss","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Yu, Z.","contributorId":32696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}} ,{"id":70045029,"text":"70045029 - 2013 - Differential mercury transfer in the aquatic food web of a double basined lake associated with selenium and habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-25T10:02:09","indexId":"70045029","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential mercury transfer in the aquatic food web of a double basined lake associated with selenium and habitat","docAbstract":"Food web trophodynamics of total mercury (THg) and selenium (Se) were assessed for the double-basined ultraoligotrophic system of Lake Moreno, Patagonia. Each basin has differing proportions of littoral and pelagic habitats, thereby providing an opportunity to assess the importance of habitat (e.g. food web structure or benthic MeHg production) in the transfer of Hg and Se to top trophic fish species. Pelagic plankton, analyzed in three size classes (10–53, 53–200, and > 200 μm), had very high [THg], exceeding 200 μg g− 1 dry weight (DW) in the smallest, and a low ratio of MeHg to THg (0.1 to 3%). In contrast, [THg] in littoral macroinvertebrates showed lower values (0.3 to 1.8 μg g− 1 DW). Juvenile and small fish species feeding upon plankton had higher [THg] (0.2 to 8 μg g− 1 muscle DW) compared to large piscivore fish species (0.1 to 1.6 μg g− 1 muscle DW). Selenium concentrations exhibited a much narrower variation range than THg in the food web, varying from 0.5 to 2.7 μg g− 1 DW. Molar Se:Hg ratios exceeded 1 for the majority of organisms in both basins, with most ratios exceeding 10. Using stable nitrogen isotopes as indicator of trophic level, no significant correlations were found with [THg], [Se] or Se:Hg. The apparent lack of biomagnification trends was attributed to elevated [THg] in plankton in the inorganic form mostly, as well as the possibility of consistent Se supply reducing the biomagnification in the food web of the organic portion of THg.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.008","usgsCitation":"Arcagni, M., Campbell, L., Arribere, M.A., Marvin-DiPasquale, M., Rizzo, A., and Guevara, S.R., 2013, Differential mercury transfer in the aquatic food web of a double basined lake associated with selenium and habitat: Science of the Total Environment, v. 454-455, p. 170-180, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.008.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"170","endPage":"180","ipdsId":"IP-044669","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11336/11074","text":"External Repository"},{"id":271456,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271455,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.008"}],"country":"Argentina;Chile","otherGeospatial":"Patagonia;Lake Moreno","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.47,-52.39 ], [ -71.47,-39.0 ], [ -65.11,-39.0 ], [ -65.11,-52.39 ], [ -71.47,-52.39 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"454-455","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517a4251e4b072c16ef14ad7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arcagni, Marina","contributorId":66151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arcagni","given":"Marina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Linda","contributorId":76620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Linda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arribere, Maria A.","contributorId":58538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arribere","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark","contributorId":57423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rizzo, Andrea","contributorId":65743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizzo","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Guevara, Sergio Ribeiro","contributorId":28506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guevara","given":"Sergio","email":"","middleInitial":"Ribeiro","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70045600,"text":"70045600 - 2013 - Expression kinetics of key genes in the early innate immune response to Great Lakes viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus IVb infection in yellow perch (Perca flavescens)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-17T08:58:34","indexId":"70045600","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1383,"text":"Developmental and Comparative Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Expression kinetics of key genes in the early innate immune response to Great Lakes viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus IVb infection in yellow perch (Perca flavescens)","docAbstract":"The recently discovered strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, VHSV-IVb, represents an example of the introduction of an extremely pathogenic rhabdovirus capable of infecting a wide variety of new fish species in a new host-environment. The goal of the present study was to delineate the expression kinetics of key genes in the innate immune response relative to the very early stages of VHSV-IVb infection using the yellow perch (Perca flavescens) as a model. Administration of VHSV-IVb by IP-injection into juvenile yellow perch resulted in 84% cumulative mortality, indicating their high susceptibility to this disease. In fish sampled in the very early stages of infection, a significant up-regulation of Mx gene expression in the liver, as well as IL-1β and SAA activation in the head kidney, spleen, and liver was directly correlated to viral load. The potential down-regulation of Mx in the hematopoietic tissues, head kidney and spleen, may represent a strategy utilized by the virus to increase replication.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2013.03.012","usgsCitation":"Olson, W., Emmenegger, E., Glenn, J., Simchick, C., Winton, J., and Goetz, F., 2013, Expression kinetics of key genes in the early innate immune response to Great Lakes viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus IVb infection in yellow perch (Perca flavescens): Developmental and Comparative Immunology, v. 41, no. 1, p. 11-19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2013.03.012.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043828","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271486,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517a425be4b072c16ef14adf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Wendy","contributorId":104794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Wendy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emmenegger, Eveline","contributorId":79780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmenegger","given":"Eveline","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glenn, Jolene","contributorId":73900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Jolene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simchick, Crystal","contributorId":94570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simchick","given":"Crystal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winton, Jim","contributorId":35213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goetz, Frederick","contributorId":71854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"Frederick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70045601,"text":"70045601 - 2013 - Influence of temperature on viral hemorrhagic septicemia (Genogroup IVa) in Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii Valenciennes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-04T15:40:21","indexId":"70045601","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2277,"text":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of temperature on viral hemorrhagic septicemia (Genogroup IVa) in Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii Valenciennes","docAbstract":"An inverse relationship between water temperature and susceptibility of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) to viral hemorrhagic septicemia, genogroup IVa (VHS) was indicated by controlled exposure studies where cumulative mortalities, viral shedding rates, and viral persistence in survivors were greatest at the coolest exposure temperatures. Among groups of specific pathogen-free (SPF) Pacific herring maintained at 8, 11, and 15 °C, cumulative mortalities after waterborne exposure to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) were 78%, 40%, and 13%, respectively. The prevalence of survivors with VHSV-positive tissues 25 d post-exposure was 64%, 16%, and 0% (at 8, 11 and 15 °C, respectively) with viral prevalence typically higher in brain tissues than in kidney/spleen tissue pools at each temperature. Similarly, geometric mean viral titers in brain tissues and kidney/spleen tissue pools decreased at higher temperatures, and kidney/spleen titers were generally 10-fold lower than those in brain tissues at each temperature. This inverse relationship between temperature and VHS severity was likely mediated by an enhanced immune response at the warmer temperatures, where a robust type I interferon response was indicated by rapid and significant upregulation of the herring Mx gene. The effect of relatively small temperature differences on the susceptibility of a natural host to VHS provides insights into conditions that preface periodic VHSV epizootics in wild populations throughout the NE Pacific.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jembe.2013.03.006","usgsCitation":"Hershberger, P., Purcell, M.K., Hart, L., Gregg, J., Thompson, R., Garver, K., and Winton, J., 2013, Influence of temperature on viral hemorrhagic septicemia (Genogroup IVa) in Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii Valenciennes: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 444, p. 81-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2013.03.006.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"86","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042244","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271488,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"444","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517a425ce4b072c16ef14ae3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hershberger, P.K. 0000-0002-2261-7760","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7760","contributorId":58818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"P.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Purcell, M. 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R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70045602,"text":"ofr20131057 - 2013 - Landsat ecosystem disturbance adaptive processing system (LEDAPS) algorithm description","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-25T14:02:16","indexId":"ofr20131057","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1057","title":"Landsat ecosystem disturbance adaptive processing system (LEDAPS) algorithm description","docAbstract":"The Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS) software was originally developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration–Goddard Space Flight Center and the University of Maryland to produce top-of-atmosphere reflectance from LandsatThematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus Level 1 digital numbers and to apply atmospheric corrections to generate a surface-reflectance product.The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has adopted the LEDAPS algorithm for producing the Landsat Surface Reflectance Climate Data Record.This report discusses the LEDAPS algorithm, which was implemented by the USGS.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131057","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, G., Jenkerson, C.B., Masek, J., Vermote, E., and Gao, F., 2013, Landsat ecosystem disturbance adaptive processing system (LEDAPS) algorithm description: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1057, vi, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131057.","productDescription":"vi, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271479,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131057.gif"},{"id":271477,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1057/"},{"id":271478,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1057/ofr13_1057.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517a425ce4b072c16ef14ae7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Gail 0000-0002-9684-8158","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-8158","contributorId":29086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Gail","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkerson, Calli B. 0000-0002-3780-9175 jenkerson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3780-9175","contributorId":469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkerson","given":"Calli","email":"jenkerson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masek, Jeffrey","contributorId":89783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masek","given":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vermote, Eric","contributorId":15498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vermote","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gao, Feng 0000-0002-1865-2846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1865-2846","contributorId":70671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gao","given":"Feng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70043588,"text":"70043588 - 2013 - Differential regulation of sodium-potassium pump isoforms during smolt development and seawater exposure of Atlantic salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-11T18:18:36.795721","indexId":"70043588","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2275,"text":"Journal of Experimental Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential regulation of sodium-potassium pump isoforms during smolt development and seawater exposure of Atlantic salmon","docAbstract":"Freshwater and seawater isoforms of the alpha subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) have previously been identified in gill ionocytes of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). In the present study we examine the abundance and cellular localization of these isoforms during the parr–smolt transformation, a developmental process that is preparatory for seawater entry. The abundance of NKAα1a was lower in smolts than in parr, remained relatively constant during spring and decreased in summer. NKAα1b increased tenfold in smolts during spring, peaking in late April, coincident with downstream migration and increased salinity tolerance. NKAα1b increased a further twofold after seawater exposure of smolts, whereas NKAα1a decreased by 98%. The abundance of NKAα1b-positive, and NKAα1b and NKAα1a co-labeled ionocytes increased during smolt development, whereas the number of NKAα1a cells decreased. After seawater exposure of smolts, NKAα1b-positive ionocytes increased, NKAα1a-positive cells decreased, and co-labeled cells disappeared. Plasma growth hormone and cortisol increased during spring in smolts, but not in parr, peaking just prior to the highest levels of NKAα1b. The results indicate that the increase in the abundance of NKAα1b during smolt development is directly linked to the increase in salinity tolerance that occurs at this stage, but that significant changes also occur after seawater exposure. Spring increases in circulating levels of growth hormone and cortisol indicate that these hormones may be instrumental in upregulating NKAα1b during smolt development.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Company of Biologists Ltd.","doi":"10.1242/jeb.080440","usgsCitation":"McCormick, S., Regish, A.M., Christensen, A.K., and Björnsson, B., 2013, Differential regulation of sodium-potassium pump isoforms during smolt development and seawater exposure of Atlantic salmon: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 216, p. 1142-1151, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.080440.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1142","endPage":"1151","ipdsId":"IP-042646","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271458,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"216","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517a4259e4b072c16ef14adb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":39666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen D.","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Regish, Amy M. 0000-0003-4747-4265 aregish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4747-4265","contributorId":5415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regish","given":"Amy","email":"aregish@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christensen, Arne K. 0000-0002-5139-3479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5139-3479","contributorId":96986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Arne","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Björnsson, Björn Thrandur","contributorId":58887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Björnsson","given":"Björn Thrandur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70118247,"text":"70118247 - 2013 - Simulating boreal forest carbon dynamics after stand-replacing fire disturbance: insights from a global process-based vegetation model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T09:29:07","indexId":"70118247","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-24T09:24:36","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating boreal forest carbon dynamics after stand-replacing fire disturbance: insights from a global process-based vegetation model","docAbstract":"Stand-replacing fires are the dominant fire type in North American boreal forests. They leave a historical legacy of a mosaic landscape of different aged forest cohorts. This forest age dynamics must be included in vegetation models to accurately quantify the role of fire in the historical and current regional forest carbon balance. The present study adapted the global process-based vegetation model ORCHIDEE to simulate the CO2 emissions from boreal forest fire and the subsequent recovery after a stand-replacing fire; the model represents postfire new cohort establishment, forest stand structure and the self-thinning process. Simulation results are evaluated against observations of three clusters of postfire forest chronosequences in Canada and Alaska. The variables evaluated include: fire carbon emissions, CO2 fluxes (gross primary production, total ecosystem respiration and net ecosystem exchange), leaf area index, and biometric measurements (aboveground biomass carbon, forest floor carbon, woody debris carbon, stand individual density, stand basal area, and mean diameter at breast height). When forced by local climate and the atmospheric CO2 history at each chronosequence site, the model simulations generally match the observed CO2 fluxes and carbon stock data well, with model-measurement mean square root of deviation comparable with the measurement accuracy (for CO2 flux ~100 g C m−2 yr−1, for biomass carbon ~1000 g C m−2 and for soil carbon ~2000 g C m−2). We find that the current postfire forest carbon sink at the evaluation sites, as observed by chronosequence methods, is mainly due to a combination of historical CO2 increase and forest succession. Climate change and variability during this period offsets some of these expected carbon gains. The negative impacts of climate were a likely consequence of increasing water stress caused by significant temperature increases that were not matched by concurrent increases in precipitation. Our simulation results demonstrate that a global vegetation model such as ORCHIDEE is able to capture the essential ecosystem processes in fire-disturbed boreal forests and produces satisfactory results in terms of both carbon fluxes and carbon-stock evolution after fire. This makes the model suitable for regional simulations in boreal regions where fire regimes play a key role in the ecosystem carbon balance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","publisherLocation":"Göttingen, Germany","doi":"10.5194/bg-10-8233-2013","usgsCitation":"Yue, C., Ciais, P., Luyssaert, S., Cadule, P., Harden, J., Randerson, J., Bellassen, V., Wang, T., Piao, S., Poulter, B., and Viovy, N., 2013, Simulating boreal forest carbon dynamics after stand-replacing fire disturbance: insights from a global process-based vegetation model: Biogeosciences, v. 10, no. 12, p. 8233-8252, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8233-2013.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"8233","endPage":"8252","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":473862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8233-2013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291090,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8233-2013"}],"volume":"10","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f301e4b0bc0bec0a0710","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yue, C.","contributorId":49283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yue","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ciais, P.","contributorId":39604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ciais","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luyssaert, S.","contributorId":94230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luyssaert","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cadule, P.","contributorId":85521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cadule","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harden, J.","contributorId":43918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Randerson, J.","contributorId":94458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randerson","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bellassen, V.","contributorId":72721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellassen","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wang, T.","contributorId":53707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Piao, S.L.","contributorId":28911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piao","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Poulter, B.","contributorId":49718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulter","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Viovy, N.","contributorId":81421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viovy","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70044120,"text":"70044120 - 2013 - Development and evaluation of a bioenergetics model for bull trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-24T22:01:02","indexId":"70044120","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and evaluation of a bioenergetics model for bull trout","docAbstract":"We conducted laboratory experiments to parameterize a bioenergetics model for wild Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus, estimating the effects of body mass (12–1,117 g) and temperature (3–20°C) on maximum consumption (C max) and standard metabolic rates. The temperature associated with the highest C max was 16°C, and C max showed the characteristic dome-shaped temperature-dependent response. Mass-dependent values of C max (N = 28) at 16°C ranged from 0.03 to 0.13 g·g−1·d−1. The standard metabolic rates of fish (N = 110) ranged from 0.0005 to 0.003 g·O2·g−1·d−1 and increased with increasing temperature but declined with increasing body mass. In two separate evaluation experiments, which were conducted at only one ration level (40% of estimated C max), the model predicted final weights that were, on average, within 1.2 ± 2.5% (mean ± SD) of observed values for fish ranging from 119 to 573 g and within 3.5 ± 4.9% of values for 31–65 g fish. Model-predicted consumption was within 5.5 ± 10.9% of observed values for larger fish and within 12.4 ± 16.0% for smaller fish. Our model should be useful to those dealing with issues currently faced by Bull Trout, such as climate change or alterations in prey availability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2012.720628","usgsCitation":"Mesa, M.G., Welland, L.K., Christiansen, H.E., Sauter, S.T., and Beauchamp, D.A., 2013, Development and evaluation of a bioenergetics model for bull trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 142, no. 1, p. 41-49, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.720628.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"49","ipdsId":"IP-034158","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271439,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271438,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.720628"}],"volume":"142","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5178f0dde4b0d842c705f6b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mesa, Matthew G. mmesa@usgs.gov","contributorId":3423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"Matthew","email":"mmesa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welland, Lisa K.","contributorId":89782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welland","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christiansen, Helena E. hchristiansen@usgs.gov","contributorId":4530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Helena","email":"hchristiansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":474835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sauter, Sally T. ssauter@usgs.gov","contributorId":2921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauter","given":"Sally","email":"ssauter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":474832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beauchamp, David A. 0000-0002-3592-8381 fadave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-8381","contributorId":4205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"David","email":"fadave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70045583,"text":"sir20125077 - 2013 - Numerical simulation of groundwater and surface-water interactions in the Big River Management Area, central Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-17T13:30:55","indexId":"sir20125077","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5077","title":"Numerical simulation of groundwater and surface-water interactions in the Big River Management Area, central Rhode Island","docAbstract":"The Rhode Island Water Resources Board is considering use of groundwater resources from the Big River Management Area in central Rhode Island because increasing water demands in Rhode Island may exceed the capacity of current sources. Previous water-resources investigations in this glacially derived, valley-fill aquifer system have focused primarily on the effects of potential groundwater-pumping scenarios on streamflow depletion; however, the effects of groundwater withdrawals on wetlands have not been assessed, and such assessments are a requirement of the State’s permitting process to develop a water supply in this area.\n\nA need for an assessment of the potential effects of pumping on wetlands in the Big River Management Area led to a cooperative agreement in 2008 between the Rhode Island Water Resources Board, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the University of Rhode Island. This partnership was formed with the goal of developing methods for characterizing wetland vegetation, soil type, and hydrologic conditions, and monitoring and modeling water levels for pre- and post-water-supply development to assess potential effects of groundwater withdrawals on wetlands. This report describes the hydrogeology of the area and the numerical simulations that were used to analyze the interaction between groundwater and surface water in response to simulated groundwater withdrawals.\n\nThe results of this analysis suggest that, given the hydrogeologic conditions in the Big River Management Area, a standard 5-day aquifer test may not be sufficient to determine the effects of pumping on water levels in nearby wetlands. Model simulations showed water levels beneath Reynolds Swamp declined by about 0.1 foot after 5 days of continuous pumping, but continued to decline by an additional 4 to 6 feet as pumping times were increased from a 5-day simulation period to a simulation period representative of long-term average monthly conditions. This continued decline in water levels with increased pumping time is related to the shift from the primary source of water to the pumped wells being derived from aquifer storage during the early-time (5 days) simulation to being derived more from induced infiltration from the flooded portion of the Big River (southernmost extent of the Flat River Reservoir) during the months of March through October or from captured groundwater discharge to this portion of the Big River when the downstream Flat River Reservoir is drained for weed control during the months of November through February, as was the case for the long-term monthly conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125077","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Rhode Island Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J., and Granato, G., 2013, Numerical simulation of groundwater and surface-water interactions in the Big River Management Area, central Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5077, vi, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125077.","productDescription":"vi, 53 p.","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271417,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20125077.jpg"},{"id":271416,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5077/pdf/sir2012-5077_508.pdf"},{"id":271415,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5077/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.8923,41.1467 ], [ -71.8923,42.0188 ], [ -71.1205,42.0188 ], [ -71.1205,41.1467 ], [ -71.8923,41.1467 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5178f0dfe4b0d842c705f6c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413 jpmaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":1865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","email":"jpmaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granato, Gregory E. 0000-0002-2561-9913 ggranato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9913","contributorId":1692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"Gregory E.","email":"ggranato@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}