{"pageNumber":"1519","pageRowStart":"37950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70045583,"text":"sir20125077 - 2013 - Numerical simulation of groundwater and surface-water interactions in the Big River Management Area, central Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-17T13:30:55","indexId":"sir20125077","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5077","title":"Numerical simulation of groundwater and surface-water interactions in the Big River Management Area, central Rhode Island","docAbstract":"The Rhode Island Water Resources Board is considering use of groundwater resources from the Big River Management Area in central Rhode Island because increasing water demands in Rhode Island may exceed the capacity of current sources. Previous water-resources investigations in this glacially derived, valley-fill aquifer system have focused primarily on the effects of potential groundwater-pumping scenarios on streamflow depletion; however, the effects of groundwater withdrawals on wetlands have not been assessed, and such assessments are a requirement of the State’s permitting process to develop a water supply in this area.\n\nA need for an assessment of the potential effects of pumping on wetlands in the Big River Management Area led to a cooperative agreement in 2008 between the Rhode Island Water Resources Board, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the University of Rhode Island. This partnership was formed with the goal of developing methods for characterizing wetland vegetation, soil type, and hydrologic conditions, and monitoring and modeling water levels for pre- and post-water-supply development to assess potential effects of groundwater withdrawals on wetlands. This report describes the hydrogeology of the area and the numerical simulations that were used to analyze the interaction between groundwater and surface water in response to simulated groundwater withdrawals.\n\nThe results of this analysis suggest that, given the hydrogeologic conditions in the Big River Management Area, a standard 5-day aquifer test may not be sufficient to determine the effects of pumping on water levels in nearby wetlands. Model simulations showed water levels beneath Reynolds Swamp declined by about 0.1 foot after 5 days of continuous pumping, but continued to decline by an additional 4 to 6 feet as pumping times were increased from a 5-day simulation period to a simulation period representative of long-term average monthly conditions. This continued decline in water levels with increased pumping time is related to the shift from the primary source of water to the pumped wells being derived from aquifer storage during the early-time (5 days) simulation to being derived more from induced infiltration from the flooded portion of the Big River (southernmost extent of the Flat River Reservoir) during the months of March through October or from captured groundwater discharge to this portion of the Big River when the downstream Flat River Reservoir is drained for weed control during the months of November through February, as was the case for the long-term monthly conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125077","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Rhode Island Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J., and Granato, G., 2013, Numerical simulation of groundwater and surface-water interactions in the Big River Management Area, central Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5077, vi, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125077.","productDescription":"vi, 53 p.","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271417,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20125077.jpg"},{"id":271416,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5077/pdf/sir2012-5077_508.pdf"},{"id":271415,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5077/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.8923,41.1467 ], [ -71.8923,42.0188 ], [ -71.1205,42.0188 ], [ -71.1205,41.1467 ], [ -71.8923,41.1467 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5178f0dfe4b0d842c705f6c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413 jpmaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":1865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","email":"jpmaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granato, Gregory E. 0000-0002-2561-9913 ggranato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9913","contributorId":1692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"Gregory E.","email":"ggranato@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045575,"text":"ofr20131077 - 2013 - Tidal flow dynamics and background fluorescence of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway in the vicinity of Sullivan’s Island and the Isle of Palms, South Carolina, 2011-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T08:26:02","indexId":"ofr20131077","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1077","title":"Tidal flow dynamics and background fluorescence of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway in the vicinity of Sullivan’s Island and the Isle of Palms, South Carolina, 2011-12","docAbstract":"To effectively plan site-specific studies to understand the connection between wastewater effluent and shellfish beds, data are needed concerning flow dynamics and background fluorescence in the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway near the effluent outfalls on Sullivan’s Island and the Isle of Palms. Tidal flows were computed by the U.S. Geological Survey for three stations and longitudinal water-quality profiles were collected at high and low tide. Flows for the three U.S. Geological Survey stations, the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway by the Isle of Palms Marina, the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway by the Ben M. Sawyer Memorial Bridge at Sullivan’s Island, and Breach Inlet, were computed for the 53-day period from December 4, 2011, to January 26, 2012. The largest flows occurred at Breach Inlet and ranged from -58,600 cubic feet per second (ft<sup>3</sup>/s) toward the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway to 63,300 ft<sup>3</sup>/s toward the Atlantic Ocean. Of the two stations on the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, the Sullivan’s Island station had the larger flows and ranged from -6,360 ft<sup>3</sup>/s to the southwest (toward Charleston Harbor) to 8,930 ft<sup>3</sup>/s to the northeast. Computed tidal flow at the Isle of Palms station ranged from -3,460 ft<sup>3</sup>/s toward the southwest to 6,410 ft<sup>3</sup>/s toward the northeast. The synoptic water-quality study showed that the stations were well mixed vertically and horizontally. All fluorescence measurements (recorded as rhodamine concentration) were below the accuracy of the sensor and the background fluorescence would not likely interfere with a dye-tracer study.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131077","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P., Journey, C.A., Clark, J.M., and Levesque, V.A., 2013, Tidal flow dynamics and background fluorescence of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway in the vicinity of Sullivan’s Island and the Isle of Palms, South Carolina, 2011-12: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1077, v, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131077.","productDescription":"v, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-12-04","temporalEnd":"2012-01-26","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271412,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1077/"},{"id":271414,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271413,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1077/pdf/ofr2013-1077.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 17","country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Isle of Palms, Sullivan's Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.96192932128906,\n              32.70757783494157\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.96192932128906,\n              32.87901051714101\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.64401245117188,\n              32.87901051714101\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.64401245117188,\n              32.70757783494157\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.96192932128906,\n              32.70757783494157\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5178f0dfe4b0d842c705f6c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":517762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":517763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Jimmy M. 0000-0002-3138-5738 jmclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3138-5738","contributorId":4773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Jimmy","email":"jmclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":517765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Levesque, Victor A. levesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":4335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levesque","given":"Victor","email":"levesque@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":517764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044223,"text":"70044223 - 2013 - Spatial segregation of spawning habitat limits hybridization between sympatric native Steelhead and Coastal Cutthroat Trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T11:58:47","indexId":"70044223","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial segregation of spawning habitat limits hybridization between sympatric native Steelhead and Coastal Cutthroat Trout","docAbstract":"<p><span>Native Coastal Cutthroat Trout&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii</i><span>&nbsp;and Coastal Steelhead&nbsp;</span><i>O. mykiss irideus</i><span>&nbsp;hybridize naturally in watersheds of the Pacific Northwest yet maintain species integrity. Partial reproductive isolation due to differences in spawning habitat may limit hybridization between these species, but this process is poorly understood. We used a riverscape approach to determine the spatial distribution of spawning habitats used by native Coastal Cutthroat Trout and Steelhead as evidenced by the distribution of recently emerged fry. Molecular genetic markers were used to classify individuals as pure species or hybrids, and individuals were assigned to age-classes based on length. Fish and physical habitat data were collected in a spatially continuous framework to assess the relationship between habitat and watershed features and the spatial distribution of parental species and hybrids. Sampling occurred in 35 reaches from tidewaters to headwaters in a small (20&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span>) coastal watershed in Washington State. Cutthroat, Steelhead, and hybrid trout accounted for 35%, 42%, and 23% of the fish collected, respectively. Strong segregation of spawning areas between Coastal Cutthroat Trout and Steelhead was evidenced by the distribution of age-0 trout. Cutthroat Trout were located farther upstream and in smaller tributaries than Steelhead were. The best predictor of species occurrence at a site was the drainage area of the watershed that contributed to the site. This area was positively correlated with the occurrence of age-0 Steelhead and negatively with the presence of Cutthroat Trout, whereas hybrids were found in areas occupied by both parental species. A similar pattern was observed in older juveniles of both species but overlap was greater, suggesting substantial dispersal of trout after emergence. Our results offer support for spatial reproductive segregation as a factor limiting hybridization between Steelhead and Coastal Cutthroat Trout.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2012.728165","usgsCitation":"Buehrens, T., Glasgow, J., Ostberg, C.O., and Quinn, T., 2013, Spatial segregation of spawning habitat limits hybridization between sympatric native Steelhead and Coastal Cutthroat Trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 142, no. 1, p. 221-233, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.728165.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"233","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037064","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271795,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Ellsworth Creek, Willapa Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.05,46.37 ], [ -124.05,46.70 ], [ -123.94,46.70 ], [ -123.94,46.37 ], [ -124.05,46.37 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"142","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5184dc65e4b04d6ec94d62bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buehrens, T.W.","contributorId":9149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buehrens","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glasgow, J.","contributorId":17116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glasgow","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ostberg, Carl O. 0000-0003-1479-8458 costberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-8458","contributorId":3031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostberg","given":"Carl","email":"costberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quinn, T.P.","contributorId":64535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinn","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13190,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":475135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70188332,"text":"70188332 - 2013 - Radiometric cross-calibration of EO-1 ALI with L7 ETM+ and Terra MODIS sensors using near-simultaneous desert observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-06T14:29:04","indexId":"70188332","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1942,"text":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiometric cross-calibration of EO-1 ALI with L7 ETM+ and Terra MODIS sensors using near-simultaneous desert observations","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite was launched on November 21, 2000, as part of a one-year technology demonstration mission. The mission was extended because of the value it continued to add to the scientific community. EO-1 has now been operational for more than a decade, providing both multispectral and hyperspectral measurements. As part of the EO-1 mission, the Advanced Land Imager (ALI) sensor demonstrates a potential technological direction for the next generation of Landsat sensors. To evaluate the ALI sensor capabilities as a precursor to the Operational Land Imager (OLI) onboard the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM, or Landsat 8 after launch), its measured top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectances were compared to the well-calibrated Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and the Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors in the reflective solar bands (RSB). These three satellites operate in a near-polar, sun-synchronous orbit 705 km above the Earth's surface. EO-1 was designed to fly one minute behind L7 and approximately 30 minutes in front of Terra. In this configuration, all the three sensors can view near-identical ground targets with similar atmospheric, solar, and viewing conditions. However, because of the differences in the relative spectral response (RSR), the measured physical quantities can be significantly different while observing the same target. The cross-calibration of ALI with ETM+ and MODIS was performed using near-simultaneous surface observations based on image statistics from areas observed by these sensors over four desert sites (Libya 4, Mauritania 2, Arabia 1, and Sudan 1). The differences in the measured TOA reflectances due to RSR mismatches were compensated by using a spectral band adjustment factor (SBAF), which takes into account the spectral profile of the target and the RSR of each sensor. For this study, the spectral profile of the target comes from the near-simultaneous EO-1 Hyperion data over these sites. The results indicate that the TOA reflectance measurements for ALI agree with those of ETM+ and MODIS to within 5% after the application of SBAF.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2251999","usgsCitation":"Chander, G., Angal, A., Choi, T., and Xiong, X., 2013, Radiometric cross-calibration of EO-1 ALI with L7 ETM+ and Terra MODIS sensors using near-simultaneous desert observations: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, v. 6, no. 2, p. 386-399, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2251999.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"386","endPage":"399","ipdsId":"IP-040530","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Libya, Mauritania, Sudan","otherGeospatial":"Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              48.427734375,\n              28.76765910569123\n            ],\n            [\n              44.12109374999999,\n              33.7243396617476\n            ],\n            [\n              41.8359375,\n              34.74161249883172\n            ],\n            [\n              37.353515625,\n              34.88593094075317\n            ],\n            [\n              35.68359375,\n              34.45221847282654\n            ],\n            [\n              33.75,\n              33.7243396617476\n            ],\n            [\n              32.607421875,\n              32.84267363195431\n            ],\n            [\n              32.08007812499999,\n              30.90222470517144\n            ],\n            [\n              33.92578125,\n              28.22697003891834\n            ],\n            [\n              35.419921875,\n              25.799891182088334\n            ],\n            [\n              39.19921875,\n              19.559790136497412\n            ],\n            [\n              42.099609375,\n              15.199386048559994\n            ],\n            [\n              42.978515625,\n              12.726084296948196\n            ],\n            [\n              45.26367187499999,\n              12.554563528593656\n            ],\n            [\n              50.09765625,\n              13.923403897723347\n            ],\n            [\n              56.162109375,\n              17.22475820662464\n            ],\n            [\n              60.1171875,\n              21.616579336740603\n            ],\n            [\n              59.67773437500001,\n              22.998851594142913\n            ],\n            [\n              57.216796875,\n              24.926294766395593\n            ],\n            [\n              56.51367187499999,\n              26.43122806450644\n            ],\n            [\n              53.61328124999999,\n              25.403584973186703\n            ],\n            [\n              52.20703125,\n              25.403584973186703\n            ],\n            [\n              50.625,\n              26.352497858154024\n            ],\n            [\n              48.427734375,\n              28.76765910569123\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -8.63525390625,\n              27.196014383173306\n            ],\n            [\n              -8.63525390625,\n              25.898761936567023\n            ],\n            [\n              -11.93115234375,\n              25.93828707492375\n            ],\n            [\n              -11.88720703125,\n              23.34225583513053\n            ],\n            [\n              -13.0078125,\n              22.776181505086505\n            ],\n            [\n              -12.81005859375,\n              21.268899719967695\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.918945312499996,\n              21.248422235627014\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.962890625,\n              21.022982546427425\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.611328125,\n              19.642587534013032\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.50146484375,\n              19.12440952808487\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.259765625,\n              17.308687886770034\n            ],\n            [\n              -16.435546875,\n              16.825574258731486\n            ],\n            [\n              -15.49072265625,\n              16.762467717941604\n            ],\n            [\n              -14.6337890625,\n              16.699340234594537\n            ],\n            [\n              -14.150390625,\n              16.636191878397664\n            ],\n            [\n              -13.53515625,\n              16.341225619207496\n            ],\n            [\n              -13.11767578125,\n              16.06692895745012\n            ],\n            [\n              -12.65625,\n              15.390135715305217\n            ],\n            [\n              -12.1728515625,\n              14.944784875088372\n            ],\n            [\n              -12.041015625,\n              14.987239525774244\n            ],\n            [\n              -12.041015625,\n              15.432500881886055\n            ],\n            [\n              -11.53564453125,\n              15.749962572748768\n            ],\n            [\n              -11.3818359375,\n              15.707662769583518\n            ],\n            [\n              -10.87646484375,\n              15.347761924346937\n            ],\n            [\n              -10.78857421875,\n              15.47485740268724\n            ],\n            [\n              -5.5810546875,\n              15.686509572551435\n            ],\n            [\n              -5.44921875,\n              16.341225619207496\n            ],\n            [\n              -5.712890625,\n              16.446622271646643\n            ],\n            [\n              -6.701660156249999,\n              25.025884063244828\n            ],\n            [\n              -4.921875,\n              25.025884063244828\n            ],\n            [\n              -8.63525390625,\n              27.196014383173306\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              25.07080078125,\n              31.690781806136822\n            ],\n            [\n              25.13671875,\n              32.32427558887655\n            ],\n            [\n              23.44482421875,\n              32.861132322810946\n            ],\n            [\n              22.34619140625,\n              33.137551192346145\n            ],\n            [\n              20.10498046875,\n              32.76880048488168\n            ],\n            [\n              19.489746093749996,\n              32.175612478499325\n            ],\n            [\n              19.6435546875,\n              31.034108344903512\n            ],\n            [\n              19.27001953125,\n              30.637912028341123\n            ],\n            [\n              18.83056640625,\n              30.65681556429287\n            ],\n            [\n              18.25927734375,\n              30.977609093348686\n            ],\n            [\n              16.875,\n              31.27855085894653\n            ],\n            [\n              15.622558593749998,\n              32.08257455954592\n            ],\n            [\n              15.00732421875,\n              32.7872745269555\n            ],\n            [\n              13.18359375,\n              33.100745405144245\n            ],\n            [\n              11.77734375,\n              33.26624989076275\n            ],\n            [\n              11.53564453125,\n              33.063924198120645\n            ],\n            [\n              11.88720703125,\n              32.43561304116276\n            ],\n            [\n              11.315917968749998,\n              32.2313896627376\n            ],\n            [\n              10.634765625,\n              31.59725256170666\n            ],\n            [\n              10.349121093749998,\n              31.090574094954192\n            ],\n            [\n              9.7998046875,\n              30.14512718337613\n            ],\n            [\n              9.99755859375,\n              29.80251790576445\n            ],\n            [\n              10.17333984375,\n              29.19053283229458\n            ],\n            [\n              10.107421874999998,\n              27.741884632507087\n            ],\n            [\n              10.1513671875,\n              26.115985925333536\n            ],\n            [\n              10.1513671875,\n              25.12539261151203\n            ],\n            [\n              11.074218749999998,\n              24.746831298412058\n            ],\n            [\n              11.7333984375,\n              24.287026865376436\n            ],\n            [\n              12.216796875,\n              23.644524198573688\n            ],\n            [\n              13.3154296875,\n              23.36242859340884\n            ],\n            [\n              14.1943359375,\n              22.938159639316396\n            ],\n            [\n              15.2490234375,\n              23.443088931121785\n            ],\n            [\n              16.171875,\n              23.725011735951796\n            ],\n            [\n              23.8623046875,\n              19.78738018198621\n            ],\n            [\n              23.818359375,\n              20.035289711352377\n            ],\n            [\n              24.85107421875,\n              20.076570104545173\n            ],\n            [\n              24.6533203125,\n              29.726222319395504\n            ],\n            [\n              24.8291015625,\n              30.95876857077987\n            ],\n            [\n              24.78515625,\n              31.409912194070973\n            ],\n            [\n              25.07080078125,\n              31.690781806136822\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              25.13671875,\n              21.90227796666864\n            ],\n            [\n              25.13671875,\n              21.90227796666864\n            ],\n            [\n              25.13671875,\n              21.90227796666864\n            ],\n            [\n              25.13671875,\n              21.90227796666864\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              25.0927734375,\n              21.80030805097259\n            ],\n            [\n              25.0048828125,\n              19.973348786110602\n            ],\n            [\n              24.19189453125,\n              19.89072302399691\n            ],\n            [\n              24.08203125,\n              15.982453522973508\n            ],\n            [\n              23.3349609375,\n              15.60187487673981\n            ],\n            [\n              23.1591796875,\n              15.114552871944115\n            ],\n            [\n              22.9833984375,\n              14.71113475887066\n            ],\n            [\n              22.631835937499996,\n              14.455958231194037\n            ],\n            [\n              22.52197265625,\n              13.987376214146467\n            ],\n            [\n              22.1923828125,\n              13.7313809749427\n            ],\n            [\n              22.390136718749996,\n              13.346865014577924\n            ],\n            [\n              22.148437499999996,\n              13.025965926333539\n            ],\n            [\n              22.60986328125,\n              12.833226023521243\n            ],\n            [\n              22.60986328125,\n              12.31853594166211\n            ],\n            [\n              23.00537109375,\n              11.824341483849048\n            ],\n            [\n              22.96142578125,\n              11.178401873711785\n            ],\n            [\n              23.53271484375,\n              10.055402736564236\n            ],\n            [\n              24.1259765625,\n              10.098670120603392\n            ],\n            [\n              24.8291015625,\n              10.466205555063882\n            ],\n            [\n              25.356445312499996,\n              10.6822006000841\n            ],\n            [\n              26.3671875,\n              10.228437266155943\n            ],\n            [\n              26.894531249999996,\n              9.795677582829743\n            ],\n            [\n              27.83935546875,\n              10.120301632173907\n            ],\n            [\n              28.125,\n              9.752370139173285\n            ],\n            [\n              28.762207031249996,\n              9.644076964907923\n            ],\n            [\n              29.091796875,\n              10.206813072484595\n            ],\n            [\n              29.77294921875,\n              10.35815140094367\n            ],\n            [\n              30.1904296875,\n              10.35815140094367\n            ],\n            [\n              30.7177734375,\n              10.120301632173907\n            ],\n            [\n              31.3330078125,\n              10.379765224421455\n            ],\n            [\n              31.662597656249996,\n              10.768555807732437\n            ],\n            [\n              31.904296874999996,\n              10.876464994816295\n            ],\n            [\n              32.0361328125,\n              11.888853082975968\n            ],\n            [\n              32.18994140625,\n              12.254127737657381\n            ],\n            [\n              32.40966796875,\n              12.275598890561733\n            ],\n            [\n              32.6513671875,\n              12.46876014482322\n            ],\n            [\n              33.310546875,\n              12.404388944669792\n            ],\n            [\n              33.35449218749999,\n              12.12526421833159\n            ],\n            [\n              33.37646484375,\n              11.6522364041154\n            ],\n            [\n              33.3984375,\n              11.092165893502\n            ],\n            [\n              34.0576171875,\n              10.35815140094367\n            ],\n            [\n              34.07958984374999,\n              10.098670120603392\n            ],\n            [\n              33.99169921875,\n              9.730714305756955\n            ],\n            [\n              34.21142578125,\n              10.984335146101955\n            ],\n            [\n              34.51904296875,\n              11.26461221250444\n            ],\n            [\n              34.8486328125,\n              11.15684527521178\n            ],\n            [\n              34.91455078125,\n              11.888853082975968\n            ],\n            [\n              35.8154296875,\n              13.090179355733738\n            ],\n            [\n              36.1669921875,\n              14.519780046326085\n            ],\n            [\n              36.25488281249999,\n              15.623036831528264\n            ],\n            [\n              36.93603515625,\n              17.09879223767869\n            ],\n            [\n              37.6611328125,\n              17.644022027872726\n            ],\n            [\n              38.29833984375,\n              17.95783210227242\n            ],\n            [\n              38.38623046875,\n              18.625424540701264\n            ],\n            [\n              37.880859375,\n              19.02057711096681\n            ],\n            [\n              37.529296875,\n              19.580493479202527\n            ],\n            [\n              37.59521484375,\n              20.673905264672843\n            ],\n            [\n              37.28759765625,\n              21.49396356306447\n            ],\n            [\n              37.08984375,\n              21.841104749065032\n            ],\n            [\n              37.02392578125,\n              22.024545601240337\n            ],\n            [\n              25.0927734375,\n              21.80030805097259\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5937bf30e4b0f6c2d0d9c79a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chander, Gyanesh gchander@usgs.gov","contributorId":3013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"Gyanesh","email":"gchander@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":697251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Angal, Amit","contributorId":67394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angal","given":"Amit","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Choi, Taeyoung","contributorId":146955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choi","given":"Taeyoung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xiong, Xiaoxiong","contributorId":15088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiong","given":"Xiaoxiong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044150,"text":"70044150 - 2013 - Dietary bioavailability of Cu adsorbed to colloidal hydrous ferric oxide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-25T09:44:09","indexId":"70044150","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dietary bioavailability of Cu adsorbed to colloidal hydrous ferric oxide","docAbstract":"The dietary bioavailability of copper (Cu) adsorbed to synthetic colloidal hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) was evaluated from the assimilation of <sup>65</sup>Cu by two benthic grazers, a gastropod and a larval mayfly. HFO was synthesized, labeled with <sup>65</sup>Cu to achieve a Cu/Fe ratio comparable to that determined in naturally formed HFO, and then aged. The labeled colloids were mixed with a food source (the diatom Nitzschia palea) to yield dietary <sup>65</sup>Cu concentrations ranging from 211 to 2204 nmol/g (dry weight). Animals were pulse fed the contaminated diet and assimilation of <sup>65</sup>Cu from HFO was determined following 1–3 days of depuration. Mass transfer of <sup>65</sup>Cu from HFO to the diatom was less than 1%, indicating that HFO was the source of <sup>65</sup>Cu to the grazers. Estimates of assimilation efficiency indicated that the majority of Cu ingested as HFO was assimilated (values >70%), implying that colloidal HFO potentially represents a source of dietary Cu to benthic grazers, especially where there is active formation and infiltration of these particles into benthic substrates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es3044856","usgsCitation":"Cain, D.J., Croteau, M., and Fuller, C.C., 2013, Dietary bioavailability of Cu adsorbed to colloidal hydrous ferric oxide: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 47, no. 6, p. 2869-2876, https://doi.org/10.1021/es3044856.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2869","endPage":"2876","ipdsId":"IP-044297","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271454,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271453,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es3044856"}],"volume":"47","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517a5066e4b072c16ef14b08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, Daniel J. 0000-0002-3443-0493 djcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-0493","contributorId":1784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","email":"djcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Croteau, Marie-Noële","contributorId":22863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie-Noële","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045584,"text":"70045584 - 2013 - Estimating floodplain sedimentation in the Laguna de Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, CA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-24T16:57:38","indexId":"70045584","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating floodplain sedimentation in the Laguna de Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, CA","docAbstract":"We present a conceptual and analytical framework for predicting the spatial distribution of floodplain sedimentation for the Laguna de Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, CA. We assess the role of the floodplain as a sink for fine-grained sediment and investigate concerns regarding the potential loss of flood storage capacity due to historic sedimentation. We characterized the spatial distribution of sedimentation during a post-flood survey and developed a spatially distributed sediment deposition potential map that highlights zones of floodplain sedimentation. The sediment deposition potential map, built using raster files that describe the spatial distribution of relevant hydrologic and landscape variables, was calibrated using 2 years of measured overbank sedimentation data and verified using longer-term rates determined using dendrochronology. The calibrated floodplain deposition potential relation was used to estimate an average annual floodplain sedimentation rate (3.6 mm/year) for the ~11 km<sup>2</sup> floodplain. This study documents the development of a conceptual model of overbank sedimentation, describes a methodology to estimate the potential for various parts of a floodplain complex to accumulate sediment over time, and provides estimates of short and long-term overbank sedimentation rates that can be used for ecosystem management and prioritization of restoration activities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-012-0350-4","usgsCitation":"Curtis, J.A., Flint, L.E., and Hupp, C.R., 2013, Estimating floodplain sedimentation in the Laguna de Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, CA: Wetlands, v. 33, no. 1, p. 29-45, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-012-0350-4.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"45","ipdsId":"IP-018988","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271424,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-012-0350-4"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Sonoma County","city":"Santa Rosa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.8341,38.3637 ], [ -122.8341,38.5074 ], [ -122.573,38.5074 ], [ -122.573,38.3637 ], [ -122.8341,38.3637 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5178f0dee4b0d842c705f6b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, Jennifer A. 0000-0001-7766-994X jacurtis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7766-994X","contributorId":927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Jennifer","email":"jacurtis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hupp, Cliff R. 0000-0003-1853-9197 crhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":2344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Cliff","email":"crhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045518,"text":"70045518 - 2013 - Detecting unfrozen sediments below thermokarst lakes with surface nuclear magnetic resonance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-24T15:22:16","indexId":"70045518","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting unfrozen sediments below thermokarst lakes with surface nuclear magnetic resonance","docAbstract":"A talik is a layer or body of unfrozen ground that occurs in permafrost due to an anomaly in thermal, hydrological, or hydrochemical conditions. Information about talik geometry is important for understanding regional surface water and groundwater interactions as well as sublacustrine methane production in thermokarst lakes. Due to the direct measurement of unfrozen water content, surface nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a promising geophysical method for noninvasively estimating talik dimensions. We made surface NMR measurements on thermokarst lakes and terrestrial permafrost near Fairbanks, Alaska, and confirmed our results using limited direct measurements. At an 8 m deep lake, we observed thaw bulb at least 22 m below the surface; at a 1.4 m deep lake, we detected a talik extending between 5 and 6 m below the surface. Our study demonstrates the value that surface NMR may have in the cryosphere for studies of thermokarst lake hydrology and their related role in the carbon cycle.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/grl.50137","usgsCitation":"Parsekian, A.D., Grosse, G., Walbrecker, J.O., Muller-Petke, M., Keating, K., Liu, L., Jones, B.M., and Knight, R., 2013, Detecting unfrozen sediments below thermokarst lakes with surface nuclear magnetic resonance: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 40, no. 3, p. 535-540, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50137.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"540","ipdsId":"IP-043197","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50137","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271418,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/grl.50137"}],"volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5178f0dbe4b0d842c705f6a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsekian, Andrew D.","contributorId":23829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parsekian","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":17842,"text":"University of Wyoming, Laramie","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":101475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","affiliations":[{"id":34291,"text":"University of Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walbrecker, Jan O.","contributorId":32061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walbrecker","given":"Jan","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muller-Petke, Mike","contributorId":80996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller-Petke","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keating, Kristina","contributorId":34018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keating","given":"Kristina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Lin","contributorId":92950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Lin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36342,"text":"Earth System Science Programme, Faculty of Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Knight, Rosemary","contributorId":84245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Rosemary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70045594,"text":"70045594 - 2013 - Evidence for an amoeba-like infectious stage of ichthyophonus sp. and description of a circulating blood stage: a probable mechanism for dispersal within the fish host","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-24T21:29:11","indexId":"70045594","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for an amoeba-like infectious stage of ichthyophonus sp. and description of a circulating blood stage: a probable mechanism for dispersal within the fish host","docAbstract":"Small amoeboid cells, believed to be the infectious stage of Ichthyophonus sp., were observed in the bolus (stomach contents) and tunica propria (stomach wall) of Pacific staghorn sculpins and rainbow trout shortly after they ingested Ichthyophonus sp.–infected tissues. By 24–48 hr post-exposure (PE) the parasite morphed from the classically reported multinucleate thick walled schizonts to 2 distinct cell types, i.e., a larger multinucleate amoeboid cell surrounded by a narrow translucent zone and a smaller spherical cell surrounded by a “halo” and resembling a small schizont. Both cell types also appeared in the tunica propria, indicating that they had recently penetrated the columnar epithelium of the stomach. No Ichthyophonus sp. pseudo-hyphae (“germination tubes”) were observed in the bolus or penetrating the stomach wall. Simultaneously, Ichthyophonus sp. was isolated in vitro from aortic blood, which was consistently positive from 6 to 144 hr PE, then only intermittently for the next 4 wk. Small PAS-positive cells observed in blood cultures grew into colonies consisting of non-septate tubules (pseudo-hyphae) terminating in multinucleated knob-like apices similar to those seen in organ explant cultures. Organ explants were culture positive every day; however, typical Ichthyophonus sp. schizonts were not observed histologically until 20–25 days PE. From 20 to 60 days PE, schizont diameter increased from ≤25 μm to ≥82 μm. Based on the data presented herein, we are confident that we have resolved the life cycle of Ichthyophonus sp. within the piscivorous host.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Parasitology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The American Society of Parasitologists","doi":"10.1645/GE-3255.1","usgsCitation":"Kocan, R., LaPatra, S., and Hershberger, P., 2013, Evidence for an amoeba-like infectious stage of ichthyophonus sp. and description of a circulating blood stage: a probable mechanism for dispersal within the fish host: Journal of Parasitology, v. 99, no. 2, p. 235-240, https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-3255.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"240","ipdsId":"IP-038974","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271437,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271436,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-3255.1"}],"volume":"99","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5178f0dee4b0d842c705f6bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kocan, Richard","contributorId":58917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocan","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaPatra, Scott","contributorId":83418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPatra","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hershberger, Paul","contributorId":92557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045592,"text":"70045592 - 2013 - Bench-top validation testing of selected immunological and molecular <i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i> diagnostic assays by comparison with quantitative bacteriological culture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-04T15:15:07","indexId":"70045592","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bench-top validation testing of selected immunological and molecular <i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i> diagnostic assays by comparison with quantitative bacteriological culture","docAbstract":"<p>No gold standard assay exhibiting error-free classification of results has been identified for detection of <i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i>, the causative agent of salmonid bacterial kidney disease. Validation of diagnostic assays for <i>R.&nbsp;salmoninarum</i> has been hindered by its unique characteristics and biology, and difficulties in locating suitable populations of reference test animals. Infection status of fish in test populations is often unknown, and it is commonly assumed that the assay yielding the most positive results has the highest diagnostic accuracy, without consideration of misclassification of results. In this research, quantification of <i>R.&nbsp;salmoninarum</i> in samples by bacteriological culture provided a standardized measure of viable bacteria to evaluate analytical performance characteristics (sensitivity, specificity and repeatability) of non-culture assays in three matrices (phosphate-buffered saline, ovarian fluid and kidney tissue). Non-culture assays included polyclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), direct smear fluorescent antibody technique (FAT), membrane-filtration FAT, nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) and three real-time quantitative PCR assays. Injection challenge of specific pathogen-free Chinook salmon, <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> (Walbaum), with <i>R.&nbsp;salmoninarum</i> was used to estimate diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Results did not identify a single assay demonstrating the highest analytical and diagnostic performance characteristics, but revealed strengths and weaknesses of each test.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","doi":"10.1111/jfd.12079","usgsCitation":"Elliott, D., Applegate, L., Murray, A., Purcell, M.K., and McKibben, C., 2013, Bench-top validation testing of selected immunological and molecular <i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i> diagnostic assays by comparison with quantitative bacteriological culture: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 36, no. 9, p. 779-809, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12079.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"779","endPage":"809","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041774","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271430,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5178f0d2e4b0d842c705f6a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, D.G.","contributorId":58226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Applegate, L.J.","contributorId":63287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Applegate","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murray, A.L.","contributorId":70151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Purcell, M. K.","contributorId":78464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKibben, C.L.","contributorId":51483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKibben","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70045595,"text":"70045595 - 2013 - Comparative susceptibility among three stocks of yellow perch, <i>Perca flavescens</i> (Mitchill), to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus strain IVb from the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-17T09:01:02","indexId":"70045595","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative susceptibility among three stocks of yellow perch, <i>Perca flavescens</i> (Mitchill), to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus strain IVb from the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Great Lakes strain of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus IVb (VHSV-IVb) is capable of infecting a wide number of naive species and has been associated with large fish kills in the Midwestern United States since its discovery in 2005. The yellow perch,&nbsp;</span><i>Perca flavescens&nbsp;</i><span>(Mitchill), a freshwater species commonly found throughout inland waters of the United States and prized for its high value in sport and commercial fisheries, is a species documented in several fish kills affiliated with VHS. In the present study, differences in survival after infection with VHSV IVb were observed among juvenile fish from three yellow perch broodstocks that were originally derived from distinct wild populations, suggesting innate differences in susceptibility due to genetic variance. While all three stocks were susceptible upon waterborne exposure to VHS virus infection, fish derived from the Midwest (Lake Winnebago, WI) showed significantly lower cumulative % survival compared with two perch stocks derived from the East Coast (Perquimans River, NC and Choptank River, MD) of the United States. However, despite differences in apparent susceptibility, clinical signs did not vary between stocks and included moderate-to-severe haemorrhages at the pelvic and pectoral fin bases and exophthalmia. After the 28-day challenge was complete, VHS virus was analysed in subsets of whole fish that had either survived or succumbed to the infection using both plaque assay and quantitative PCR methodologies. A direct correlation was identified between the two methods, suggesting the potential for both methods to be used to detect virus in a research setting.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","doi":"10.1111/jfd.12068","usgsCitation":"Olson, W., Emmenegger, E., Glenn, J., Winton, J., and Goetz, F., 2013, Comparative susceptibility among three stocks of yellow perch, <i>Perca flavescens</i> (Mitchill), to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus strain IVb from the Great Lakes: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 36, no. 8, p. 711-719, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12068.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"711","endPage":"719","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042613","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271432,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.11,41.4 ], [ -92.11,48.85 ], [ -76.3,48.85 ], [ -76.3,41.4 ], [ -92.11,41.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"36","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5178f0dbe4b0d842c705f6a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, W.","contributorId":95357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emmenegger, E.","contributorId":34324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmenegger","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glenn, J.","contributorId":71086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winton, J.","contributorId":55627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goetz, F.","contributorId":33203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70043334,"text":"70043334 - 2013 - Developing a new stream metric for comparing stream function using a bank-floodplain sediment budget: a case study of three Piedmont streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T09:15:16","indexId":"70043334","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing a new stream metric for comparing stream function using a bank-floodplain sediment budget: a case study of three Piedmont streams","docAbstract":"A bank and floodplain sediment budget was created for three Piedmont streams tributary to the Chesapeake Bay. The watersheds of each stream varied in land use from urban (Difficult Run) to urbanizing (Little Conestoga Creek) to agricultural (Linganore Creek). The purpose of the study was to determine the relation between geomorphic parameters and sediment dynamics and to develop a floodplain trapping metric for comparing streams with variable characteristics. Net site sediment budgets were best explained by gradient at Difficult Run, floodplain width at Little Conestoga Creek, and the relation of channel cross-sectional area to floodplain width at Linganore Creek. A correlation for all streams indicated that net site sediment budget was best explained by relative floodplain width (ratio of channel width to floodplain width). A new geomorphic metric, the floodplain trapping factor, was used to compare sediment budgets between streams with differing suspended sediment yields. Site sediment budgets were normalized by floodplain area and divided by the stream's sediment yield to provide a unitless measure of floodplain sediment trapping. A floodplain trapping factor represents the amount of upland sediment that a particular floodplain site can trap (e.g. a factor of 5 would indicate that a particular floodplain site traps the equivalent of 5 times that area in upland erosional source area). Using this factor we determined that Linganore Creek had the highest gross and net (floodplain deposition minus bank erosion) floodplain trapping factor (107 and 46, respectively) that Difficult Run the lowest gross floodplain trapping factor (29) and Little Conestoga Creek had the lowest net floodplain trapping factor (–14, indicating that study sites were net contributors to the suspended sediment load). The trapping factor is a robust metric for comparing three streams of varied watershed and geomorphic character, it promises to be a useful tool for future stream assessments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.3314","usgsCitation":"Schenk, E.R., Hupp, C.R., Gellis, A., and Noe, G., 2013, Developing a new stream metric for comparing stream function using a bank-floodplain sediment budget: a case study of three Piedmont streams: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 38, no. 8, p. 771-784, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3314.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"771","endPage":"784","ipdsId":"IP-039185","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271433,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271428,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3314"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Piedmont;Difficult Run;Little Conestoga Creek;Linganore Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.18,36.91 ], [ -78.18,38.71 ], [ -75.64,38.71 ], [ -75.64,36.91 ], [ -78.18,36.91 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"38","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5178f0dce4b0d842c705f6ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schenk, Edward R. 0000-0001-6886-5754 eschenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-5754","contributorId":2183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Edward","email":"eschenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hupp, Cliff R. 0000-0003-1853-9197 crhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":2344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Cliff","email":"crhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gellis, Allen","contributorId":37051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellis","given":"Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noe, Greg","contributorId":18650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70045558,"text":"70045558 - 2013 - Modeling ecological minimum requirements for distribution of greater sage-grouse leks: implications for population connectivity across their western range, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T09:12:39","indexId":"70045558","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling ecological minimum requirements for distribution of greater sage-grouse leks: implications for population connectivity across their western range, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus (Bonaparte) currently occupy approximately half of their historical distribution across western North America. Sage-grouse are a candidate for endangered species listing due to habitat and population fragmentation coupled with inadequate regulation to control development in critical areas. Conservation planning would benefit from accurate maps delineating required habitats and movement corridors. However, developing a species distribution model that incorporates the diversity of habitats used by sage-grouse across their widespread distribution has statistical and logistical challenges. We first identified the ecological minimums limiting sage-grouse, mapped similarity to the multivariate set of minimums, and delineated connectivity across a 920,000 km<sup>2</sup> region. We partitioned a Mahalanobis D<sup>2</sup> model of habitat use into k separate additive components each representing independent combinations of species–habitat relationships to identify the ecological minimums required by sage-grouse. We constructed the model from abiotic, land cover, and anthropogenic variables measured at leks (breeding) and surrounding areas within 5 km. We evaluated model partitions using a random subset of leks and historic locations and selected D<sup>2</sup> (k = 10) for mapping a habitat similarity index (HSI). Finally, we delineated connectivity by converting the mapped HSI to a resistance surface. Sage-grouse required sagebrush-dominated landscapes containing minimal levels of human land use. Sage-grouse used relatively arid regions characterized by shallow slopes, even terrain, and low amounts of forest, grassland, and agriculture in the surrounding landscape. Most populations were interconnected although several outlying populations were isolated because of distance or lack of habitat corridors for exchange. Land management agencies currently are revising land-use plans and designating critical habitat to conserve sage-grouse and avoid endangered species listing. Our results identifying attributes important for delineating habitats or modeling connectivity will facilitate conservation and management of landscapes important for supporting current and future sage-grouse populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.557","usgsCitation":"Knick, S.T., Hanser, S.E., and Preston, K.L., 2013, Modeling ecological minimum requirements for distribution of greater sage-grouse leks: implications for population connectivity across their western range, U.S.A.: Ecology and Evolution, v. 3, no. 6, p. 1539-1551, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.557.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1539","endPage":"1551","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.557","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271384,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271383,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.557"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51779f5be4b095699adf2732","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanser, Steven E.","contributorId":99273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanser","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Preston, Kristine L.","contributorId":72693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"Kristine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045508,"text":"70045508 - 2013 - Effects of currents and tides on fine-scale use of marine bird habitats in a Southeast Alaska hotspot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-12T09:02:26","indexId":"70045508","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2636,"text":"MEPS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of currents and tides on fine-scale use of marine bird habitats in a Southeast Alaska hotspot","docAbstract":"Areas with high species richness have become focal points in the establishment of marine protected areas, but an understanding of the factors that support this diversity is still incomplete. In coastal areas, tidal currents—modulated by bathymetry and manifested in variable speeds—are a dominant physical feature of the environment. However, difficulties resolving tidally affected currents and depths at fine spatial-temporal scales have limited our ability to understand their influence the distribution of marine birds. We used a hydrographic model of the water mass in Glacier Bay, Alaska to link depths and current velocities with the locations of 15 common marine bird species observed during fine-scale boat-based surveys of the bay conducted during June of four consecutive years (2000-2003). Marine birds that forage on the bottom tended to occupy shallow habitats with slow-moving currents; mid-water foragers used habitats with intermediate depths and current speeds; and surface-foraging species tended to use habitats with fast-moving, deep waters. Within foraging groups there was variability among species in their use of habitats. While species obligated to foraging near bottom were constrained to use similar types of habitat, species in the mid-water foraging group were associated with a wider range of marine habitat characteristics. Species also showed varying levels of site use depending on tide stage. The dramatic variability in bottom topography—especially the presence of numerous sills, islands, headlands and channels—and large tidal ranges in Glacier Bay create a wide range of current-affected fine-scale foraging habitats that may contribute to the high diversity of marine bird species found there.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"MEPS","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps10304","usgsCitation":"Drew, G.S., Piatt, J.F., and Hill, D.J., 2013, Effects of currents and tides on fine-scale use of marine bird habitats in a Southeast Alaska hotspot: MEPS, v. 487, p. 275-286, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10304.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"286","ipdsId":"IP-042964","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10304","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271396,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271395,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps10304"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"487","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51779f57e4b095699adf2726","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drew, Gary S. 0000-0002-6789-0891 gdrew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-0891","contributorId":3311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Gary","email":"gdrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, David J.","contributorId":77827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045566,"text":"ds761 - 2013 - Archive of post-Hurricane Isabel coastal oblique aerial photographs collected during U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 03CCH01 from Ocean City, Maryland, to Fort Caswell, North Carolina and Inland from Waynesboro to Redwood, Virginia, September 21 - 23, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T12:13:32","indexId":"ds761","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"761","title":"Archive of post-Hurricane Isabel coastal oblique aerial photographs collected during U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 03CCH01 from Ocean City, Maryland, to Fort Caswell, North Carolina and Inland from Waynesboro to Redwood, Virginia, September 21 - 23, 2003","docAbstract":"On September 21 - 23, 2003, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) conducted an oblique aerial photographic survey along the Atlantic coast from Ocean City, Md., to Fort Caswell, N.C., and inland oblique aerial photographic survey from Waynesboro to Redwood, Va., aboard a Navajo Piper twin-engine airplane. The coastal survey was conducted at an altitude of 500 feet (ft) and approximately 1,000 ft offshore. For the inland photos, the aircraft tried to stay approximately 500 ft above the terrain. These coastal photos were used to document coastal changes like beach erosion and overwash caused by Hurricane Isabel, while the inland photos looked for potential landslides caused by heavy rains. The photos may also be used as baseline data for future coastal change analysis. The USGS and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) surveyed the impact zone of Hurricane Isabel to better understand the changes in vulnerability of the Nation’s coasts to extreme storms (Morgan, 2009). This report serves as an archive of photographs collected during the September 21 - 23, 2003, post-Hurricane Isabel coastal and inland oblique aerial survey along with associated survey maps, KML files, navigation files, digital Field Activity Collection System (FACS) logs, and Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata. Refer to the Acronyms page for expansions of all acronyms and abbreviations used in this report.\n\nThe USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC) assigns a unique identifier to each cruise or field activity. For example, 03CCH01 tells us the data were collected in 2003 for the Coastal Change Hazards (CCH) study and the data were collected during the first field activity for that project in that calendar year. Refer to http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/programs/html/definition/activity.html for a detailed description of the method used to assign the ID number.\n\nThe photographs provided here are Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) scanned images of the analog 35 millimeter (mm) color positive slides. The photograph locations are estimates of the location of the plane (see the Navigation page). The metadata values for photo creation time, GPS latitude, GPS longitude, GPS position (latitude and longitude), keywords, credit, artist, caption, copyright, and contact were added to each photograph's EXIF header using EXIFtool (Subino and others, 2012). Photographs can be opened directly with any JPEG-compatible image viewer by clicking on a thumbnail on the contact sheet, or, when viewing the Google Earth KML file, by clicking on the marker and then clicking on either the thumbnail or the link below the thumbnail. Nathaniel Plant (USGS - St. Petersburg, Fla.), and Ann Marie Ascough (formerly contracted at the USGS - St. Petersburg, Fla.) helped with the creation of KML files. To view the photos and survey maps, proceed to the Photos and Maps page.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds761","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Subino, J.A., Morgan, K., Krohn, M.D., and Dadisman, S.V., 2013, Archive of post-Hurricane Isabel coastal oblique aerial photographs collected during U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 03CCH01 from Ocean City, Maryland, to Fort Caswell, North Carolina and Inland from Waynesboro to Redwood, Virginia, September 21 - 23, 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 761, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds761.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-09-21","temporalEnd":"2003-09-23","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271411,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds761.gif"},{"id":271409,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/761/"},{"id":271410,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/761/pubs761/index.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, North Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.70556640625,\n              33.37641235124676\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.70556640625,\n              39.639537564366684\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.67431640625,\n              39.639537564366684\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.67431640625,\n              33.37641235124676\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.70556640625,\n              33.37641235124676\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51779f4fe4b095699adf271a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Subino, Janice A.","contributorId":50386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Subino","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, Karen L.M. 0000-0002-2994-5572","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2994-5572","contributorId":95553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Karen L.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krohn, M. Dennis dkrohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":3378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"M.","email":"dkrohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Dennis","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dadisman, Shawn V. sdadisman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dadisman","given":"Shawn","email":"sdadisman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":477854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70045559,"text":"sim3240 - 2013 - Map Showing Principal Coal Beds and Bedrock Geology of the Ucross-Arvada Area, Central Powder River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-23T10:10:01","indexId":"sim3240","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3240","title":"Map Showing Principal Coal Beds and Bedrock Geology of the Ucross-Arvada Area, Central Powder River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The Ucross-Arvada area is part of the Powder River Basin, a large, north-trending structural depression between the Black Hills on the east and the Bighorn Mountains on the west. Almost all of the study area is within Sheridan and Johnson Counties, Wyoming. \n\nMost of the Ucross-Arvada area lies within the outcrop of the Wasatch Formation of Eocene age; the extreme northeast corner falls within the outcrop of the Tongue River Member of the Fort Union Formation of Paleocene age. Within the Powder River Basin, both the Wasatch Formation and the Tongue River Member of the Fort Union Formation contain significant coal resources. \n\nThe map includes locations and elevations of coal beds at 1:50,000 scale for an area that includes ten 7½-minute quadrangles covering some 500 square miles. The Wasatch Formation coal beds shown (in descending order) are Monument Peak, Walters (also called Ulm 1), Healy (also called Ulm 2), Truman, Felix, and Arvada. The Fort Union Formation coal beds shown (in descending order) are Roland (of Baker, 1929) and Smith.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3240","usgsCitation":"Molnia, C.L., 2013, Map Showing Principal Coal Beds and Bedrock Geology of the Ucross-Arvada Area, Central Powder River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3240, Pamphlet: iv, 11 p.; Map: 1 Sheet: 50 x 27 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3240.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 11 p.; Map: 1 Sheet: 50 x 27 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-038168","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271392,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3240.gif"},{"id":271391,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3240/SIM3240_map_508.pdf"},{"id":271389,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3240/"},{"id":271390,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3240/SIM3240_pamphlet_508.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.0,41.0 ], [ -111.0,45.0 ], [ -104.0,45.0 ], [ -104.0,41.0 ], [ -111.0,41.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51779f5ae4b095699adf272e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molnia, Carol L.","contributorId":62238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molnia","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045552,"text":"sir20135044 - 2013 - Groundwater and surface-water interactions near White Bear Lake, Minnesota, through 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-16T13:47:34","indexId":"sir20135044","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5044","title":"Groundwater and surface-water interactions near White Bear Lake, Minnesota, through 2011","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the White Bear Lake Conservation District, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, and other State, county, municipal, and regional planning agencies, watershed organizations, and private organizations, conducted a study to characterize groundwater and surface-water interactions near White Bear Lake through 2011. During 2010 and 2011, White Bear Lake and other lakes in the northeastern part of the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area were at historically low levels. Previous periods of lower water levels in White Bear Lake correlate with periods of lower precipitation; however, recent urban expansion and increased pumping from the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer have raised the question of whether a decline in precipitation is the primary cause for the recent water-level decline in White Bear Lake. Understanding and quantifying the amount of groundwater inflow to a lake and water discharge from a lake to aquifers is commonly difficult but is important in the management of lake levels. Three methods were used in the study to assess groundwater and surface-water interactions on White Bear Lake: (1)&nbsp;a historical assessment (1978-2011) of levels in White Bear Lake, local groundwater levels, and their relation to historical precipitation and groundwater withdrawals in the White Bear Lake area; (2) recent (2010-11) hydrologic and water-quality data collected from White Bear Lake, other lakes, and wells; and (3) water-balance assessments for White Bear Lake in March and August 2011. An analysis of covariance between average annual lake-level change and annual precipitation indicated the relation between the two variables was significantly different from 2003 through 2011 compared with 1978 through 2002, requiring an average of 4 more inches of precipitation per year to maintain the lake level. This shift in the linear relation between annual lake-level change and annual precipitation indicated the net effect of the non-precipitation terms on the water balance has changed relative to precipitation. The average amount of precipitation required each year to maintain the lake level has increased from 33 inches per year during 1978-2002 to 37 inches per year during 2003-11. The combination of lower precipitation and an increase in groundwater withdrawals can explain the change in the lake-level response to precipitation. Annual and summer groundwater withdrawals from the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer have more than doubled from 1980 through 2010. Results from a regression model constructed with annual lake-level change, annual precipitation minus evaporation, and annual volume of groundwater withdrawn from the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer indicated groundwater withdrawals had a greater effect than precipitation minus evaporation on water levels in the White Bear Lake area for all years since 2003. The recent (2003-11) decline in White Bear Lake reflects the declining water levels in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer; increases in groundwater withdrawals from this aquifer are a likely cause for declines in groundwater levels and lake levels. Synoptic, static groundwater-level and lake-level measurements in March/April and August 2011 indicated groundwater was potentially flowing into White Bear Lake from glacial aquifers to the northeast and south, and lake water was potentially discharging from White Bear Lake to the underlying glacial and Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifers and glacial aquifers to the northwest. Groundwater levels in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer below White Bear Lake are approximately 0 to 19 feet lower than surface-water levels in the lake, indicating groundwater from the aquifer likely does not flow into White Bear Lake, but lake water may discharge into the aquifer. Groundwater levels from March/April to August 2011 declined more than 10 feet in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer south of White Bear Lake and to the north in Hugo, Minnesota. Water-quality analyses of pore water from nearshore lake-sediment and well-water samples, seepage-meter measurements, and hydraulic-head differences measured in White Bear Lake also indicated groundwater was potentially flowing into White Bear Lake from shallow glacial aquifers to the east and south. Negative temperature anomalies determined in shallow waters in the water-quality survey conducted in White Bear Lake indicated several shallow-water areas where groundwater may be flowing into the lake from glacial aquifers below the lake. Cool lake-sediment temperatures (less than 18 degrees Celsius) were measured in eight areas along the northeast, east, south, and southwest shores of White Bear Lake, indicating potential areas where groundwater may flow into the lake. Stable isotope analyses of well-water, precipitation, and lake-water samples indicated wells downgradient from White Bear Lake screened in the glacial buried aquifer or open to the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer receive a mixture of surface water and groundwater; the largest surface-water contributions are in wells closer to White Bear Lake. A wide range in oxygen-18/oxygen-16 and deuterium/protium ratios was measured in well-water samples, indicating different sources of water are supplying water to the wells. Well water with oxygen-18/oxygen-16 and deuterium/protium ratios that plot close to the meteoric water line consisted mostly of groundwater because deuterium/protium ratios for most groundwater usually are similar to ratios for rainwater and snow, plotting close to meteoric water lines. Well water with oxygen-18/oxygen-16 and deuterium/protium ratios that plot between the meteoric water line and ratios for the surface-water samples from White Bear Lake consists of a mixture of surface water and groundwater; the percentage of each source varies relative to its ratios. White Bear Lake is the likely source of the surface water to the wells that have a mixture of surface water and groundwater because (1) it is the only large, deep lake near these wells; (2)&nbsp;these wells are near and downgradient from White Bear Lake; and (3) these wells obtain their water from relatively deep depths, and White Bear Lake is the deepest lake in that area. The percentages of surface-water contribution to the three wells screened in the glacial buried aquifer receiving surface water were 16, 48, and 83 percent. The percentages of surface-water contribution ranged from 5 to 79 percent for the five wells open to the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer receiving surface water; wells closest to White Bear Lake had the largest percentages of surface-water contribution. Water-balance analysis of White Bear Lake in March and August 2011 indicated a potential discharge of 2.8 and 4.5 inches per month, respectively, over the area of the lake from the lake to local aquifers. Most of the sediments from a 12.4-foot lake core collected at the deepest part of White Bear Lake consisted of silts, sands, and gravels likely slumped from shallower waters, with a very low amount of low-permeability, organic material.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135044","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the White Bear Lake Conservation District, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources, Twin Cities Metropolitan Council, and the Groundwater/Surface-Water Interaction Partners","usgsCitation":"Jones, P.M., Trost, J.J., Rosenberry, D.O., Jackson, P., Bode, J.A., and O’Grady, R.M., 2013, Groundwater and surface-water interactions near White Bear Lake, Minnesota, through 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5044, ix, 73 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135044.","productDescription":"ix, 73 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"88","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-030440","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135044.gif"},{"id":271385,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5044/"},{"id":271387,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5044/downloads/"},{"id":271386,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5044/sir2013-5044.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Anoka County, Ramsey County, Washington County","city":"Minneapolis","otherGeospatial":"White Bear Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.2080078125,\n              44.92883525162427\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.2080078125,\n              45.2004253589021\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.80357360839842,\n              45.2004253589021\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.80357360839842,\n              44.92883525162427\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.2080078125,\n              44.92883525162427\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51779f59e4b095699adf272a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Perry M. 0000-0002-6569-5144 pmjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6569-5144","contributorId":2231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Perry","email":"pmjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trost, Jared J. 0000-0003-0431-2151 jtrost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0431-2151","contributorId":3749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trost","given":"Jared","email":"jtrost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jackson, P. Ryan","contributorId":68571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"P. Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bode, Jenifer A. jabode@usgs.gov","contributorId":3857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bode","given":"Jenifer","email":"jabode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":477838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Grady, Ryan M.","contributorId":83433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Grady","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70045557,"text":"70045557 - 2013 - Comparing rapid and culture indicator bacteria methods at inland lake beaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-23T10:19:49","indexId":"70045557","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing rapid and culture indicator bacteria methods at inland lake beaches","docAbstract":"A rapid method, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), for quantifying indicator bacteria in recreational waters is desirable for public health protection. We report that replacing current Escherichia coli standards with new US Environmental Protection Agency beach action values (BAVs) for enterococci by culture or qPCR may result in more advisories being posted at inland recreational lakes. In this study, concentrations of E. coli and enterococci by culture methods were compared to concentrations of Enterococcus spp. by qPCR at 3 inland lake beaches in Ohio. The E. coli and enterococci culture results were significantly related at all beaches; however, the relations between culture results and Enterococcus spp. qPCR results were not always significant and differed among beaches. All the qPCR results exceeded the new BAV for Enterococcus spp. by qPCR, whereas only 23.7% of culture results for E. coli and 79% of culture results for enterococci exceeded the current standard for E. coli or BAV for enterococci.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lake and Reservoir Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10402381.2013.789941","usgsCitation":"Francy, D.S., Bushon, R.N., Brady, A., and Kephart, C.M., 2013, Comparing rapid and culture indicator bacteria methods at inland lake beaches: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 29, no. 2, p. 99-102, https://doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2013.789941.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"102","ipdsId":"IP-040524","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271393,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2013.789941"},{"id":271394,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51779f56e4b095699adf271e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Francy, Donna S. 0000-0001-9229-3557 dsfrancy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9229-3557","contributorId":1853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francy","given":"Donna","email":"dsfrancy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bushon, Rebecca N. rnbushon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bushon","given":"Rebecca","email":"rnbushon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brady, Amie M. G.","contributorId":29774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Amie M. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kephart, Christopher M. 0000-0002-3369-5596 ckephart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3369-5596","contributorId":1932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kephart","given":"Christopher","email":"ckephart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70042643,"text":"70042643 - 2013 - Descriptors of natural thermal regimes in streams and their responsiveness to change in the Pacific Northwest of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-23T14:17:42","indexId":"70042643","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Descriptors of natural thermal regimes in streams and their responsiveness to change in the Pacific Northwest of North America","docAbstract":"1. Temperature is a major driver of ecological processes in stream ecosystems, yet the dynamics of thermal regimes remain poorly described. Most work has focused on relatively simple descriptors that fail to capture the full range of conditions that characterise thermal regimes of streams across seasons or throughout the year.\n\n2. To more completely describe thermal regimes, we developed several descriptors of magnitude, variability, frequency, duration and timing of thermal events throughout a year. We evaluated how these descriptors change over time using long-term (1979–2009), continuous temperature data from five relatively undisturbed cold-water streams in western Oregon, U.S.A. In addition to trends for each descriptor, we evaluated similarities among them, as well as patterns of spatial coherence, and temporal synchrony.\n\n3. Using different groups of descriptors, we were able to more fully capture distinct aspects of the full range of variability in thermal regimes across space and time. A subset of descriptors showed both higher coherence and synchrony and, thus, an appropriate level of responsiveness to examine evidence of regional climatic influences on thermal regimes. Most notably, daily minimum values during winter–spring were the most responsive descriptors to potential climatic influences.\n\n4. Overall, thermal regimes in streams we studied showed high frequency and low variability of cold temperatures during the cold-water period in winter and spring, and high frequency and high variability of warm temperatures during the warm-water period in summer and autumn. The cold and warm periods differed in the distribution of events with a higher frequency and longer duration of warm events in summer than cold events in winter. The cold period exhibited lower variability in the duration of events, but showed more variability in timing.\n\n5. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of a year-round perspective in identifying the most responsive characteristics or descriptors of thermal regimes in streams. The descriptors we provide herein can be applied across hydro-ecological regions to evaluate spatial and temporal patterns in thermal regimes. Evaluation of coherence and synchrony of different components of thermal regimes can facilitate identification of impacts of regional climate variability or local human or natural influences.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fwb.12094","usgsCitation":"Arismendi, I., Johnson, S.L., Dunham, J., and Haggerty, R., 2013, Descriptors of natural thermal regimes in streams and their responsiveness to change in the Pacific Northwest of North America: Freshwater Biology, v. 58, no. 5, p. 880-894, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12094.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"880","endPage":"894","ipdsId":"IP-042716","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271407,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271406,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12094"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 177.1,5.6 ], [ 177.1,85.4 ], [ -4.0,85.4 ], [ -4.0,5.6 ], [ 177.1,5.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"58","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51779f57e4b095699adf2722","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arismendi, Ivan","contributorId":70661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arismendi","given":"Ivan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Sherri L.","contributorId":91757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Sherri","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B.","contributorId":64791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haggerty, Roy","contributorId":102631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haggerty","given":"Roy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70157331,"text":"70157331 - 2013 - The energy-water nexus: Potential groundwater-quality degradation associated with production of shale gas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T14:21:54.68561","indexId":"70157331","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3828,"text":"Procedia Earth and Planetary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The energy-water nexus: Potential groundwater-quality degradation associated with production of shale gas","docAbstract":"<p><span>Oil and natural gas have been the main sources of primary energy in the USA, providing 63% of the total energy consumption in 2011. Petroleum production, drilling operations, and improperly sealed abandoned wells have caused significant local groundwater contamination in many states, including at the USGS OSPER sites in Oklahoma. The potential for groundwater contamination is higher when producing natural gas and oil from unconventional sources of energy, including shale and tight sandstones. These reservoirs require horizontally-completed wells and massive hydraulic fracturing that injects large volumes (up to 50,000 m3/well) of high-pressured water with added proppant, and toxic organic and inorganic chemicals. Recent results show that flow back and produced waters from Haynesville (Texas) and Marcellus (Pennsylvania) Shale have high salinities (&ge;200,000 mg/L TDS) and high NORMs (up to 10,000 picocuries/L) concentrations. A major research effort is needed worldwide to minimize all potential environmental impacts, especially groundwater contamination and induced seismicity, when producing these extremely important new sources of energy.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.proeps.2013.03.132","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y.K., Thordsen, J., Conaway, C., and Thomas, R.B., 2013, The energy-water nexus: Potential groundwater-quality degradation associated with production of shale gas: Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, v. 7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2013.03.132.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"422","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042786","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2013.03.132","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":308294,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","edition":"417","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fd35bee4b05d6c4e502c7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thordsen, James J. jthordsn@usgs.gov","contributorId":3329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordsen","given":"James J.","email":"jthordsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conaway, Christopher H.","contributorId":52620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conaway","given":"Christopher H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, Randal B. burt_thomas@usgs.gov","contributorId":5073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Randal","email":"burt_thomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70154760,"text":"70154760 - 2013 - Effects of simulated angler capture and live-release tournaments on walleye survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-16T20:48:11.519042","indexId":"70154760","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of simulated angler capture and live-release tournaments on walleye survival","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined the effects of acclimation water temperature,live‐well (LW) water temperature,and LW dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on survival of adult Walleyes&nbsp;</span><i>Sander vitreus</i><span>&nbsp;subjected to simulated tournament conditions (angling,LW confinement,and weigh‐in procedures) under controlled laboratory conditions. We tested three acclimation temperatures (12,18,and 24°C),and three LW temperature differentials (Δ</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;= −4,0,and +4°C) were tested at each acclimation temperature. Survival was monitored after 8&nbsp;h of LW confinement and during a 5‐d retention period in 1,700‐L tanks. None of the Walleyes that were acclimated to 24°C and subjected to simulated tournament procedures survived the 5‐d retention period; for fish subjected only to simulated angling at 24°C,survival during the 5‐d retention period was 29%. Five‐day survival was generally over 70% at acclimation temperatures of 12°C and 18°C,and we observed a significant interaction between acclimation temperature and Δ</span><i>T</i><span>; survival was greatest in LWs at −4°C Δ</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;for fish acclimated to 18°C and in LWs at +4°C Δ</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;for fish acclimated to 12°C. Best survival of Walleyes subjected to the stress of angling and tournament procedures was obtained at temperatures 6–8°C below the optimum temperature for adult Walleyes (i.e.,optimum = 20–22°C). Five‐day survival exceeded 70% when LW DO was 5 or 12–15&nbsp;mg/L (at an acclimation and LW temperature of 18°C),but survival was 0% when DO was 2&nbsp;mg/L. Anglers may increase survival of Walleyes through careful manipulation of LW temperature and DO when ambient temperature is at or below 18°C,but high mortality of angled and LW‐retained Walleyes should be expected when ambient water temperatures are 24°C or greater.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2013.785979","usgsCitation":"Loomis, J.H., Schramm, H.L., Vondracek, B.C., Gerard, P., and Chizinski, C.J., 2013, Effects of simulated angler capture and live-release tournaments on walleye survival: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 142, no. 3, p. 868-875, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2013.785979.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"868","endPage":"875","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041083","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-92.204691,46.704041],[-92.205192,46.698341],[-92.183091,46.695241],[-92.176091,46.686341],[-92.204092,46.666941],[-92.201592,46.656641],[-92.207092,46.651941],[-92.242493,46.649241],[-92.256592,46.658741],[-92.270592,46.650741],[-92.274392,46.657441],[-92.286192,46.660342],[-92.287392,46.667342],[-92.291292,46.668142],[-92.292192,46.663308],[-92.294033,46.074377],[-92.332912,46.062697],[-92.35176,46.015685],[-92.372717,46.014198],[-92.410649,46.027259],[-92.428555,46.024241],[-92.442259,46.016177],[-92.453373,45.992913],[-92.464512,45.985038],[-92.461138,45.980216],[-92.469354,45.973811],[-92.527052,45.983245],[-92.548459,45.969056],[-92.551186,45.95224],[-92.60246,45.940815],[-92.614314,45.934529],[-92.638824,45.934166],[-92.638474,45.925971],[-92.659549,45.922937],[-92.676167,45.912072],[-92.675737,45.907478],[-92.707702,45.894901],[-92.734039,45.868108],[-92.739278,45.84758],[-92.765146,45.830183],[-92.757815,45.806574],[-92.776496,45.790014],[-92.784621,45.764196],[-92.809837,45.744172],[-92.869193,45.717568],[-92.870025,45.697272],[-92.875488,45.689014],[-92.887929,45.639006],[-92.882529,45.610216],[-92.886442,45.598679],[-92.883749,45.575483],[-92.871082,45.567581],[-92.823309,45.560934],[-92.770223,45.566939],[-92.726082,45.541112],[-92.726677,45.514462],[-92.702224,45.493046],[-92.680234,45.464344],[-92.653549,45.455346],[-92.646602,45.441635],[-92.650422,45.398507],[-92.664102,45.393309],[-92.676961,45.380137],[-92.678223,45.373604],[-92.70272,45.358472],[-92.698967,45.336374],[-92.709968,45.321302],[-92.737122,45.300459],[-92.761013,45.289028],[-92.760615,45.278827],[-92.751659,45.26591],[-92.760249,45.2496],[-92.751708,45.218666],[-92.763908,45.204866],[-92.767408,45.190166],[-92.764872,45.182812],[-92.752404,45.173916],[-92.757707,45.155466],[-92.739584,45.115598],[-92.744938,45.108309],[-92.791528,45.079647],[-92.803079,45.060978],[-92.793282,45.047178],[-92.770362,45.033803],[-92.76206,45.02432],[-92.771231,45.001378],[-92.769445,44.97215],[-92.754603,44.955767],[-92.750645,44.937299],[-92.758701,44.908979],[-92.774571,44.898084],[-92.773946,44.889997],[-92.764133,44.875905],[-92.769102,44.862167],[-92.765278,44.837186],[-92.78043,44.812589],[-92.785206,44.792303],[-92.805287,44.768361],[-92.807988,44.75147],[-92.787906,44.737432],[-92.737259,44.717155],[-92.700948,44.693751],[-92.660988,44.660884],[-92.632105,44.649027],[-92.619779,44.634195],[-92.621456,44.615017],[-92.601516,44.612052],[-92.586216,44.600088],[-92.569434,44.603539],[-92.549777,44.58113],[-92.549957,44.568988],[-92.540551,44.567258],[-92.518358,44.575183],[-92.493808,44.566063],[-92.481001,44.568276],[-92.455105,44.561886],[-92.433256,44.5655],[-92.399281,44.558292],[-92.361518,44.558935],[-92.336114,44.554004],[-92.314071,44.538014],[-92.302466,44.516487],[-92.302215,44.500298],[-92.291005,44.485464],[-92.232472,44.445434],[-92.195378,44.433792],[-92.124513,44.422115],[-92.111085,44.413948],[-92.078605,44.404869],[-92.056486,44.402729],[-92.038147,44.388731],[-91.970266,44.365842],[-91.941311,44.340978],[-91.92559,44.333548],[-91.918625,44.322671],[-91.913534,44.311392],[-91.924613,44.291815],[-91.896388,44.27469],[-91.896008,44.262871],[-91.88704,44.251772],[-91.892698,44.231105],[-91.877429,44.212921],[-91.872369,44.199167],[-91.829167,44.17835],[-91.808064,44.159262],[-91.751747,44.134786],[-91.721552,44.130342],[-91.710597,44.12048],[-91.708207,44.105186],[-91.69531,44.09857],[-91.68153,44.0974],[-91.667006,44.086964],[-91.647873,44.064109],[-91.638115,44.063285],[-91.610487,44.04931],[-91.59207,44.031372],[-91.507121,44.01898],[-91.48087,44.008145],[-91.463515,44.009041],[-91.432522,43.996827],[-91.407395,43.965148],[-91.385785,43.954239],[-91.366642,43.937463],[-91.357426,43.917231],[-91.347741,43.911964],[-91.338141,43.897664],[-91.320605,43.888491],[-91.310991,43.867381],[-91.284138,43.847065],[-91.262436,43.792166],[-91.244135,43.774667],[-91.255431,43.744876],[-91.255932,43.729849],[-91.268455,43.709824],[-91.273252,43.666623],[-91.271749,43.654929],[-91.262397,43.64176],[-91.268748,43.615348],[-91.232707,43.583533],[-91.232812,43.564842],[-91.243214,43.550722],[-91.243183,43.540309],[-91.232941,43.523967],[-91.218292,43.514434],[-91.217706,43.50055],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.453067,45.298115],[-96.489065,45.357071],[-96.521787,45.375645],[-96.562142,45.38609],[-96.617726,45.408092],[-96.680454,45.410499],[-96.692541,45.417338],[-96.731396,45.45702],[-96.76528,45.521414],[-96.857751,45.605962],[-96.844211,45.639583],[-96.835769,45.649648],[-96.760866,45.687518],[-96.745086,45.701576],[-96.662595,45.738682],[-96.641941,45.759871],[-96.627778,45.786239],[-96.583085,45.820024],[-96.574517,45.843098],[-96.561334,45.945655],[-96.57035,45.963595],[-96.57794,46.026874],[-96.559271,46.058272],[-96.554507,46.083978],[-96.557952,46.102442],[-96.56692,46.11475],[-96.563043,46.119512],[-96.571439,46.12572],[-96.56926,46.133686],[-96.579453,46.147601],[-96.577952,46.165843],[-96.587408,46.178164],[-96.584372,46.204155],[-96.59755,46.227733],[-96.598645,46.241626],[-96.590942,46.250183],[-96.59887,46.26069],[-96.595014,46.275135],[-96.60136,46.30413],[-96.599761,46.330386],[-96.619991,46.340135],[-96.618147,46.344295],[-96.629211,46.352654],[-96.644335,46.351908],[-96.646341,46.360982],[-96.655206,46.365964],[-96.658436,46.373391],[-96.666028,46.374566],[-96.669132,46.390037],[-96.680687,46.407383],[-96.688082,46.40788],[-96.701358,46.420584],[-96.703078,46.429467],[-96.718074,46.438255],[-96.715557,46.463232],[-96.73627,46.48138],[-96.737798,46.489785],[-96.733612,46.497224],[-96.737702,46.50077],[-96.738475,46.525793],[-96.744341,46.533006],[-96.743003,46.54294],[-96.74883,46.558127],[-96.744436,46.56596],[-96.746442,46.574078],[-96.772446,46.600129],[-96.774094,46.613288],[-96.78995,46.631531],[-96.790663,46.649112],[-96.798823,46.658071],[-96.792958,46.677427],[-96.784339,46.685054],[-96.790906,46.70297],[-96.779252,46.727429],[-96.784279,46.732993],[-96.781216,46.740944],[-96.787466,46.756753],[-96.784314,46.766973],[-96.796195,46.789881],[-96.795756,46.807795],[-96.801446,46.810401],[-96.80016,46.819664],[-96.787657,46.827817],[-96.789663,46.832306],[-96.779347,46.843672],[-96.781358,46.879363],[-96.768458,46.879563],[-96.767358,46.883663],[-96.773558,46.884763],[-96.776558,46.895663],[-96.759241,46.918223],[-96.761757,46.934663],[-96.78312,46.925482],[-96.79038,46.929398],[-96.791558,46.944464],[-96.797734,46.9464],[-96.798737,46.962399],[-96.821852,46.969372],[-96.82318,46.999965],[-96.834221,47.006671],[-96.829499,47.021537],[-96.818557,47.02778],[-96.821422,47.032842],[-96.819321,47.0529],[-96.824479,47.059682],[-96.818175,47.104193],[-96.827344,47.120144],[-96.824807,47.124968],[-96.831547,47.142017],[-96.822377,47.162744],[-96.829637,47.17497],[-96.826962,47.182802],[-96.838806,47.197894],[-96.832789,47.203911],[-96.838806,47.22502],[-96.832946,47.237588],[-96.83766,47.240876],[-96.835368,47.250428],[-96.841672,47.258164],[-96.838997,47.267716],[-96.842531,47.269531],[-96.844088,47.289981],[-96.832884,47.30449],[-96.841958,47.316907],[-96.835845,47.321014],[-96.835845,47.335914],[-96.852417,47.366241],[-96.848907,47.370565],[-96.852676,47.374973],[-96.846925,47.376891],[-96.840621,47.389881],[-96.845492,47.394179],[-96.844919,47.399815],[-96.863593,47.418775],[-96.85748,47.440457],[-96.859868,47.470926],[-96.85471,47.478281],[-96.85853,47.489934],[-96.851653,47.497098],[-96.851367,47.509037],[-96.866363,47.524893],[-96.85471,47.535973],[-96.859153,47.566355],[-96.853689,47.570381],[-96.856373,47.575749],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-96.856903,47.602329],[-96.855421,47.60875],[-96.873671,47.613654],[-96.871005,47.616832],[-96.879496,47.620576],[-96.882393,47.633489],[-96.888573,47.63845],[-96.882376,47.649025],[-96.88697,47.653049],[-96.887126,47.666369],[-96.895271,47.67357],[-96.899352,47.689473],[-96.908928,47.688722],[-96.907266,47.693976],[-96.920119,47.710383],[-96.923544,47.718201],[-96.919471,47.722515],[-96.932809,47.737139],[-96.928505,47.748037],[-96.934173,47.752412],[-96.939179,47.768397],[-96.9644,47.782995],[-96.957283,47.790147],[-96.966068,47.797297],[-96.975131,47.798326],[-96.980579,47.805614],[-96.979327,47.824533],[-96.986685,47.837639],[-96.998295,47.841724],[-96.998144,47.858882],[-97.005557,47.863977],[-97.002456,47.868677],[-97.023156,47.874978],[-97.019355,47.880278],[-97.024955,47.886878],[-97.019155,47.889778],[-97.024955,47.894978],[-97.020155,47.900478],[-97.024955,47.908178],[-97.017254,47.905678],[-97.015354,47.910278],[-97.023754,47.915878],[-97.018054,47.918078],[-97.035754,47.930179],[-97.036054,47.939379],[-97.054554,47.946279],[-97.052454,47.957179],[-97.061454,47.96358],[-97.053553,47.991612],[-97.064289,47.998508],[-97.066762,48.009558],[-97.063012,48.013179],[-97.072239,48.019107],[-97.068987,48.026267],[-97.072257,48.048068],[-97.097772,48.07108],[-97.103052,48.071669],[-97.099431,48.082106],[-97.105226,48.09044],[-97.104872,48.097851],[-97.109535,48.104723],[-97.123205,48.106648],[-97.120702,48.114987],[-97.131956,48.139563],[-97.141401,48.14359],[-97.138911,48.157793],[-97.146745,48.168556],[-97.141474,48.179099],[-97.146233,48.186054],[-97.134372,48.210434],[-97.136304,48.228984],[-97.141254,48.234668],[-97.135763,48.237596],[-97.138765,48.244991],[-97.127276,48.253323],[-97.131846,48.267589],[-97.11657,48.279661],[-97.12216,48.290056],[-97.128862,48.292882],[-97.122072,48.300865],[-97.132443,48.315489],[-97.127601,48.323319],[-97.134854,48.331314],[-97.131145,48.339722],[-97.147748,48.359905],[-97.140106,48.380479],[-97.145592,48.394195],[-97.135012,48.406735],[-97.142849,48.419471],[-97.1356,48.424369],[-97.139173,48.430528],[-97.134229,48.439797],[-97.137689,48.447583],[-97.132746,48.459942],[-97.144116,48.469212],[-97.141397,48.476256],[-97.144981,48.481571],[-97.140291,48.484722],[-97.138864,48.494362],[-97.148133,48.503384],[-97.153076,48.524148],[-97.150481,48.536877],[-97.163105,48.543855],[-97.160863,48.549236],[-97.152459,48.552326],[-97.158638,48.564067],[-97.149616,48.569876],[-97.14974,48.579516],[-97.142915,48.583733],[-97.143684,48.597066],[-97.137504,48.612268],[-97.132931,48.61338],[-97.130089,48.621166],[-97.125639,48.620919],[-97.125269,48.629694],[-97.108466,48.632658],[-97.111921,48.642918],[-97.100551,48.658614],[-97.102652,48.664793],[-97.097708,48.68395],[-97.118286,48.700573],[-97.116185,48.709348],[-97.136083,48.727763],[-97.139488,48.746611],[-97.151289,48.757428],[-97.147478,48.763698],[-97.154854,48.774515],[-97.157093,48.790024],[-97.163535,48.79507],[-97.165624,48.809627],[-97.180028,48.81845],[-97.177747,48.824815],[-97.181116,48.832741],[-97.173811,48.838309],[-97.175618,48.853105],[-97.187362,48.867598],[-97.185738,48.87222],[-97.197982,48.880341],[-97.197982,48.898332],[-97.210541,48.90439],[-97.211161,48.916649],[-97.217992,48.919735],[-97.218666,48.931781],[-97.224505,48.9341],[-97.232147,48.948955],[-97.230859,48.960891],[-97.239209,48.968684],[-97.237297,48.985696],[-97.230833,48.991303],[-97.229039,49.000687],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.15335,49.383079],[-95.126467,49.369439],[-95.058404,49.35317],[-95.014415,49.356405],[-94.988908,49.368897],[-94.957465,49.370186],[-94.854245,49.324154],[-94.816222,49.320987],[-94.824291,49.308834],[-94.82516,49.294283],[-94.797244,49.214284],[-94.797527,49.197791],[-94.773223,49.120733],[-94.750221,49.099763],[-94.750218,48.999992],[-94.718932,48.999991],[-94.683069,48.883929],[-94.684217,48.872399],[-94.692527,48.86895],[-94.693044,48.853392],[-94.685681,48.840119],[-94.701968,48.831778],[-94.704284,48.824284],[-94.694974,48.809206],[-94.694312,48.789352],[-94.690889,48.778066],[-94.651765,48.755913],[-94.645164,48.749975],[-94.645083,48.744143],[-94.61901,48.737374],[-94.58715,48.717599],[-94.549069,48.714653],[-94.533057,48.701262],[-94.452332,48.692444],[-94.438701,48.694889],[-94.416191,48.710948],[-94.384221,48.711806],[-94.342758,48.703382],[-94.308446,48.710239],[-94.290737,48.707747],[-94.260541,48.696381],[-94.251169,48.683514],[-94.254643,48.663888],[-94.250497,48.656654],[-94.224276,48.649527],[-94.091244,48.643669],[-94.065775,48.646104],[-94.035616,48.641018],[-94.006933,48.643193],[-93.944221,48.632294],[-93.91153,48.634673],[-93.840754,48.628548],[-93.824144,48.610724],[-93.806763,48.577616],[-93.811201,48.542385],[-93.818253,48.530046],[-93.794454,48.516021],[-93.656652,48.515731],[-93.643091,48.518294],[-93.628865,48.53121],[-93.612844,48.521876],[-93.60587,48.522472],[-93.594379,48.528793],[-93.547191,48.528684],[-93.467504,48.545664],[-93.460798,48.550552],[-93.456675,48.561834],[-93.465199,48.590659],[-93.438494,48.59338],[-93.405269,48.609344],[-93.395022,48.603303],[-93.371156,48.605085],[-93.362132,48.613832],[-93.35324,48.613378],[-93.349095,48.624935],[-93.254854,48.642784],[-93.207398,48.642474],[-93.178095,48.623339],[-93.088438,48.627597],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.954876,48.631493],[-92.95012,48.630419],[-92.949839,48.608269],[-92.929614,48.606874],[-92.909947,48.596313],[-92.894687,48.594915],[-92.728046,48.53929],[-92.657881,48.546263],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.625739,48.518189],[-92.631117,48.508252],[-92.627237,48.503383],[-92.636696,48.499428],[-92.654039,48.501635],[-92.661418,48.496557],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.712562,48.463013],[-92.687998,48.443889],[-92.656027,48.436709],[-92.507285,48.447875],[-92.475585,48.418793],[-92.456325,48.414204],[-92.456389,48.401134],[-92.47675,48.37176],[-92.469948,48.351836],[-92.437825,48.309839],[-92.416285,48.295463],[-92.369174,48.220268],[-92.336831,48.235383],[-92.269742,48.248241],[-92.273706,48.256747],[-92.294541,48.27156],[-92.292999,48.276404],[-92.301451,48.288608],[-92.294527,48.306454],[-92.306309,48.316442],[-92.304561,48.322977],[-92.295412,48.323957],[-92.288994,48.342991],[-92.26228,48.354933],[-92.222813,48.349203],[-92.216983,48.345114],[-92.206803,48.345596],[-92.203684,48.352063],[-92.178418,48.351881],[-92.177354,48.357228],[-92.145049,48.365651],[-92.143583,48.356121],[-92.083513,48.353865],[-92.077961,48.358253],[-92.055228,48.359213],[-92.045734,48.347901],[-92.046562,48.33474],[-92.037721,48.333183],[-92.030872,48.325824],[-92.000133,48.321355],[-92.01298,48.297391],[-92.006577,48.265421],[-91.989545,48.260214],[-91.976903,48.244626],[-91.971056,48.247667],[-91.971779,48.252977],[-91.954432,48.251678],[-91.952209,48.244394],[-91.957683,48.242683],[-91.957798,48.232989],[-91.941838,48.230602],[-91.915772,48.238871],[-91.89347,48.237699],[-91.884691,48.227321],[-91.867882,48.219095],[-91.864382,48.207031],[-91.815772,48.211748],[-91.809038,48.206013],[-91.79181,48.202492],[-91.789011,48.196549],[-91.756637,48.205022],[-91.749075,48.198844],[-91.741932,48.199122],[-91.742313,48.204491],[-91.714931,48.19913],[-91.711611,48.1891],[-91.721413,48.180255],[-91.724584,48.170657],[-91.705318,48.170775],[-91.70726,48.153661],[-91.698174,48.141643],[-91.699981,48.13184],[-91.712226,48.116883],[-91.703524,48.113548],[-91.682845,48.122118],[-91.687623,48.111698],[-91.676876,48.107264],[-91.665208,48.107011],[-91.653261,48.114137],[-91.653571,48.109567],[-91.640175,48.096926],[-91.559272,48.108268],[-91.552962,48.103012],[-91.569746,48.093348],[-91.575471,48.066294],[-91.575672,48.048791],[-91.567254,48.043719],[-91.488646,48.068065],[-91.45033,48.068806],[-91.437582,48.049248],[-91.429642,48.048608],[-91.391128,48.057075],[-91.370872,48.06941],[-91.365143,48.066968],[-91.340159,48.073236],[-91.332589,48.069331],[-91.26638,48.078713],[-91.214428,48.10294],[-91.190461,48.124891],[-91.183207,48.122235],[-91.176181,48.125811],[-91.137733,48.14915],[-91.139402,48.154738],[-91.092258,48.173101],[-91.082731,48.180756],[-91.024208,48.190072],[-90.976955,48.219452],[-90.914971,48.230603],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.875107,48.237784],[-90.847352,48.244443],[-90.839176,48.239511],[-90.836313,48.176963],[-90.832589,48.173765],[-90.821115,48.184709],[-90.817698,48.179569],[-90.804207,48.177833],[-90.796596,48.159373],[-90.777917,48.163801],[-90.778031,48.148723],[-90.79797,48.136894],[-90.787305,48.134196],[-90.789919,48.129902],[-90.76911,48.116585],[-90.761555,48.100133],[-90.751608,48.090968],[-90.641596,48.103515],[-90.626886,48.111846],[-90.59146,48.117546],[-90.582217,48.123784],[-90.55929,48.121683],[-90.555845,48.117069],[-90.569763,48.106951],[-90.567482,48.101178],[-90.556838,48.096008],[-90.487077,48.099082],[-90.467712,48.108818],[-90.438449,48.098747],[-90.403219,48.105114],[-90.374542,48.090942],[-90.367658,48.094577],[-90.344234,48.094447],[-90.330052,48.102399],[-90.312386,48.1053],[-90.289337,48.098993],[-90.224692,48.108148],[-90.188679,48.107947],[-90.176605,48.112445],[-90.136191,48.112136],[-90.116259,48.104303],[-90.073873,48.101138],[-90.023595,48.084708],[-90.015057,48.067188],[-90.008446,48.068396],[-89.997852,48.057567],[-89.99305,48.028404],[-89.97718,48.023501],[-89.968255,48.014482],[-89.954605,48.011516],[-89.95059,48.015901],[-89.934489,48.015628],[-89.915341,47.994866],[-89.897414,47.987599],[-89.873286,47.985419],[-89.868153,47.989898],[-89.847571,47.992442],[-89.842568,48.001368],[-89.830385,48.000284],[-89.820483,48.014665],[-89.797744,48.014505],[-89.763967,48.022969],[-89.724048,48.018996],[-89.721038,48.017965],[-89.724044,48.013675],[-89.716114,48.016441],[-89.716417,48.010251],[-89.702528,48.006325],[-89.673798,48.01151],[-89.667128,48.007421],[-89.657051,48.009954],[-89.649057,48.003853],[-89.617867,48.010947],[-89.611678,48.017529],[-89.607821,48.006566],[-89.594749,48.004332],[-89.582117,47.996314],[-89.564288,48.00293],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-89.495344,48.002356],[-89.541521,47.992841],[-89.551555,47.987305],[-89.555015,47.974849],[-89.572315,47.967238],[-89.58823,47.9662],[-89.611412,47.980731],[-89.624559,47.983153],[-89.631825,47.980039],[-89.640129,47.96793],[-89.638285,47.954275],[-89.697619,47.941288],[-89.793539,47.891358],[-89.85396,47.873997],[-89.87158,47.874194],[-89.923649,47.862062],[-89.930844,47.857723],[-89.92752,47.850825],[-89.933899,47.84676],[-89.974296,47.830514],[-90.072025,47.811105],[-90.075559,47.803303],[-90.1168,47.79538],[-90.16079,47.792807],[-90.178755,47.786414],[-90.187636,47.77813],[-90.248794,47.772763],[-90.323446,47.753771],[-90.332686,47.746387],[-90.437712,47.731612],[-90.441912,47.726404],[-90.458365,47.7214],[-90.537105,47.703055],[-90.551291,47.690266],[-90.735927,47.624343],[-90.86827,47.5569],[-90.907494,47.532873],[-90.914247,47.522639],[-90.939072,47.514532],[-91.032945,47.458236],[-91.045646,47.456525],[-91.097569,47.413888],[-91.128131,47.399619],[-91.146958,47.381464],[-91.156513,47.378816],[-91.188772,47.340082],[-91.238658,47.304976],[-91.262512,47.27929],[-91.288478,47.26596],[-91.326019,47.238993],[-91.357803,47.206743],[-91.418805,47.172152],[-91.477351,47.125667],[-91.497902,47.122579],[-91.518793,47.108121],[-91.573817,47.089917],[-91.591508,47.068684],[-91.626824,47.049953],[-91.644564,47.026491],[-91.666477,47.014297],[-91.704649,47.005246],[-91.780675,46.945881],[-91.806851,46.933727],[-91.841349,46.925215],[-91.883238,46.905728],[-91.914984,46.883836],[-91.952985,46.867037],[-92.094089,46.787839],[-92.088289,46.773639],[-92.06449,46.745439],[-92.025789,46.710839],[-92.01529,46.706469],[-92.020289,46.704039],[-92.03399,46.708939],[-92.08949,46.74924],[-92.10819,46.74914],[-92.13789,46.73954],[-92.14329,46.73464],[-92.141291,46.72524],[-92.146291,46.71594],[-92.167291,46.719941],[-92.189091,46.717541],[-92.204691,46.704041]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Minnesota\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"142","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950f2fe4b0b6d21dd6cbe2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loomis, John H.","contributorId":97019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loomis","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schramm, Harold L. Jr. hschramm@usgs.gov","contributorId":145424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schramm","given":"Harold","suffix":"Jr.","email":"hschramm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":563981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vondracek, Bruce C. bcv@usgs.gov","contributorId":904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vondracek","given":"Bruce","email":"bcv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerard, Patrick D.","contributorId":140181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerard","given":"Patrick D.","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chizinski, Christopher J.","contributorId":7178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chizinski","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047132,"text":"70047132 - 2013 - Structural evolution of the east Sierra Valley system (Owens Valley and vicinity), California: a geologic and geophysical synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T14:18:05","indexId":"70047132","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-22T14:05:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1816,"text":"Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural evolution of the east Sierra Valley system (Owens Valley and vicinity), California: a geologic and geophysical synthesis","docAbstract":"The tectonically active East Sierra Valley System (ESVS), which comprises the westernmost part of the Walker Lane-Eastern California Shear Zone, marks the boundary between the highly extended Basin and Range Province and the largely coherent Sierra Nevada-Great Valley microplate (SN-GVm), which is moving relatively NW. The recent history of the ESVS is characterized by oblique extension partitioned between NNW-striking normal and strike-slip faults oriented at an angle to the more northwesterly relative motion of the SN-GVm. Spatially variable extension and right-lateral shear have resulted in a longitudinally segmented valley system composed of diverse geomorphic and structural elements, including a discontinuous series of deep basins detected through analysis of isostatic gravity anomalies. Extension in the ESVS probably began in the middle Miocene in response to initial westward movement of the SN-GVm relative to the Colorado Plateau. At <i>ca.</i> 3-3.5 Ma, the SN-GVm became structurally separated from blocks directly to the east, resulting in significant basin-forming deformation in the ESVS. We propose a structural model that links high-angle normal faulting in the ESVS with coeval low-angle detachment faulting in adjacent areas to the east.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/geosciences3020176","usgsCitation":"Stevens, C., Stone, P., and Blakely, R.J., 2013, Structural evolution of the east Sierra Valley system (Owens Valley and vicinity), California: a geologic and geophysical synthesis: Geosciences, v. 3, no. 2, p. 176-215, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences3020176.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"176","endPage":"215","numberOfPages":"40","ipdsId":"IP-038757","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences3020176","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275462,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275461,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences3020176"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"East Sierra Nevada Valley System","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.0,35.0 ], [ -119.0,38.0 ], [ -117.0,38.0 ], [ -117.0,35.0 ], [ -119.0,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f39a68e4b0a32220222fb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Calvin H.","contributorId":59848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Calvin H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Paul 0000-0002-1439-0156 pastone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-0156","contributorId":273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Paul","email":"pastone@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045522,"text":"70045522 - 2013 - Controls on variations in MODIS fire radiative power in Alaskan boreal forests: implications for fire severity conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-22T11:01:53","indexId":"70045522","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3253,"text":"Remote Sensing and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on variations in MODIS fire radiative power in Alaskan boreal forests: implications for fire severity conditions","docAbstract":"Fire activity in the Alaskan boreal forest, though episodic at annual and intra-annual time scales, has experienced an increase over the last several decades. Increases in burned area and fire severity are not only releasing more carbon to the atmosphere, but likely shifting vegetation composition in the region towards greater deciduous dominance and a reduction in coniferous stands. While some recent studies have addressed qualitative differences between large and small fire years in the Alaskan boreal forest, the ecological effects of a greater proportion of burning occurring during large fire years and during late season fires have not yet been examined.\n\nSome characteristics of wildfires that can be detected remotely are related to fire severity and can provide new information on spatial and temporal patterns of burning. This analysis focused on boreal wildfire intensity (fire radiative power, or FRP) contained in the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) daily active fire product from 2003 to 2010. We found that differences in FRP resulted from seasonality and intra-annual variability in fire activity levels, vegetation composition, latitudinal variation, and fire spread behavior.\n\nOur studies determined two general categories of active fire detections: new detections associated with the spread of the fire front and residual pixels in areas that had already experienced front burning. Residual pixels had a lower average FRP than front pixels, but represented a high percentage of all pixels during periods of high fire activity (large fire years, late season burning, and seasonal periods of high fire activity). As a result, the FRP from periods of high fire activity was less intense than those from periods of low fire activity. Differences related to latitude were greater than expected, with higher latitudes burning later in the season and at a higher intensity than lower latitudes. Differences in vegetation type indicate that coniferous vegetation is the most fire prone, but deciduous vegetation is not particularly fire resistant, as the proportion of active fire detections in deciduous stands is roughly the same as the fraction of deciduous vegetation in the region.\n\nQualitative differences between periods of high and low fire activity are likely to reflect important differences in fire severity. Large fire years are likely to be more severe, characterized by more late season fires and a greater proportion of residual burning. Given the potential for severe fires to effect changes in vegetation cover, the shift toward a greater proportion of area burning during large fire years may influence vegetation patterns in the region over the medium to long term.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing and the Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2012.11.017","usgsCitation":"Barrett, K., and Kasischke, E.S., 2013, Controls on variations in MODIS fire radiative power in Alaskan boreal forests: implications for fire severity conditions: Remote Sensing and the Environment, v. 130, p. 171-181, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.11.017.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"181","ipdsId":"IP-042197","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271340,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.11.017"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"130","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51764ddae4b0f989f99e008a","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2012.11.017","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.11.017","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Barrett Kirsten, Kasischke Eric S.","journalName":"Remote Sensing of Environment","publicationDate":"3/2013"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrett, Kirsten","contributorId":26600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"Kirsten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kasischke, Eric S.","contributorId":106781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasischke","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045548,"text":"ofr20131061 - 2013 - Groundwater-level trends and forecasts, and salinity trends, in the Azraq, Dead Sea, Hammad, Jordan Side Valleys, Yarmouk, and Zarqa groundwater basins, Jordan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-22T13:18:43","indexId":"ofr20131061","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1061","title":"Groundwater-level trends and forecasts, and salinity trends, in the Azraq, Dead Sea, Hammad, Jordan Side Valleys, Yarmouk, and Zarqa groundwater basins, Jordan","docAbstract":"Changes in groundwater levels and salinity in six groundwater basins in Jordan were characterized by using linear trends fit to well-monitoring data collected from 1960 to early 2011. On the basis of data for 117 wells, groundwater levels in the six basins were declining, on average about -1 meter per year (m/yr), in 2010. The highest average rate of decline, -1.9 m/yr, occurred in the Jordan Side Valleys basin, and on average no decline occurred in the Hammad basin. The highest rate of decline for an individual well was -9 m/yr. Aquifer saturated thickness, a measure of water storage, was forecast for year 2030 by using linear extrapolation of the groundwater-level trend in 2010. From 30 to 40 percent of the saturated thickness, on average, was forecast to be depleted by 2030. Five percent of the wells evaluated were forecast to have zero saturated thickness by 2030. Electrical conductivity was used as a surrogate for salinity (total dissolved solids). Salinity trends in groundwater were much more variable and less linear than groundwater-level trends. The long-term linear salinity trend at most of the 205 wells evaluated was not increasing, although salinity trends are increasing in some areas. The salinity in about 58 percent of the wells in the Amman-Zarqa basin was substantially increasing, and the salinity in Hammad basin showed a long-term increasing trend. Salinity increases were not always observed in areas with groundwater-level declines. The highest rates of salinity increase were observed in regional discharge areas near groundwater pumping centers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131061","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Goode, D., Senior, L.A., Subah, A., and Jaber, A., 2013, Groundwater-level trends and forecasts, and salinity trends, in the Azraq, Dead Sea, Hammad, Jordan Side Valleys, Yarmouk, and Zarqa groundwater basins, Jordan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1061, Report: viii, 80 p.; Executive Summary: 11 p.; ZIP of all files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131061.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 80 p.; Executive Summary: 11 p.; ZIP of all files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271361,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131061.png"},{"id":271358,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1061/"},{"id":271359,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1061/support/ofr2013-1061.zip"},{"id":271360,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1061/support/ofr2013-1061.pdf"}],"projection":"Palestine 1923 Palestine Belt, Transverse Mercator","country":"Jordan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 34.8706,29.1809 ], [ 34.8706,33.3764 ], [ 39.3036,33.3764 ], [ 39.3036,29.1809 ], [ 34.8706,29.1809 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51764ddce4b0f989f99e0096","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456 djgoode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":2433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djgoode@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senior, Lisa A. 0000-0003-2629-1996 lasenior@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-1996","contributorId":2150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senior","given":"Lisa","email":"lasenior@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Subah, Ali","contributorId":66994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Subah","given":"Ali","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaber, Ayman","contributorId":46398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaber","given":"Ayman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70045542,"text":"70045542 - 2013 - Comparing Laser Desorption Ionization and Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization Coupled to Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry To Characterize Shale Oils at the Molecular Level","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-22T12:44:56","indexId":"70045542","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1506,"text":"Energy & Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing Laser Desorption Ionization and Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization Coupled to Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry To Characterize Shale Oils at the Molecular Level","docAbstract":"Laser desorption ionization (LDI) coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was used to analyze shale oils. Previous work showed that LDI is a sensitive ionization technique for assessing aromatic nitrogen compounds, and oils generated from Green River Formation oil shales are well-documented as being rich in nitrogen. The data presented here demonstrate that LDI is effective in ionizing high-double-bond-equivalent (DBE) compounds and, therefore, is a suitable method for characterizing compounds with condensed structures. Additionally, LDI generates radical cations and protonated ions concurrently, the distribution of which depends upon the molecular structures and elemental compositions, and the basicity of compounds is closely related to the generation of protonated ions. This study demonstrates that LDI FT-ICR MS is an effective ionization technique for use in the study of shale oils at the molecular level. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that LDI FT-ICR MS has been applied to shale oils.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Energy & Fuels","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications (American Chemical Society)","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.1021/ef3015662","usgsCitation":"Cho, Y., Jin, J.M., Witt, M., Birdwell, J.E., Na, J., Roh, N., and Kim, S., 2013, Comparing Laser Desorption Ionization and Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization Coupled to Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry To Characterize Shale Oils at the Molecular Level: Energy & Fuels, v. 27, no. 4, p. 1830-1837, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef3015662.","startPage":"1830","endPage":"1837","numberOfPages":"8","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041173","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271351,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271350,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef3015662"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51764dcfe4b0f989f99e0086","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cho, Yunjo","contributorId":99860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cho","given":"Yunjo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jin, Jang Mi","contributorId":28877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jin","given":"Jang","email":"","middleInitial":"Mi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Witt, Matthias","contributorId":41719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witt","given":"Matthias","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Na, Jeong-Geol","contributorId":95358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Na","given":"Jeong-Geol","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roh, Nam-Sun","contributorId":51622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roh","given":"Nam-Sun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kim, Sunghwan","contributorId":45606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Sunghwan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70045541,"text":"sir20125233 - 2013 - Variations in soil detachment rates after wildfire as a function of soil depth, flow properties, and root properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-22T11:54:13","indexId":"sir20125233","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5233","title":"Variations in soil detachment rates after wildfire as a function of soil depth, flow properties, and root properties","docAbstract":"Wildfire affects hillslope erosion through increased surface runoff and increased sediment availability, both of which contribute to large post-fire erosion events. Relations between soil detachment rate, soil depth, flow and root properties, and fire impacts are poorly understood and not represented explicitly in commonly used post-fire erosion models. Detachment rates were measured on intact soil cores using a modified tilting flume. The cores were mounted flush with the flume-bed and a measurement was made on the surface of the core. The core was extruded upward, cut off, and another measurement was repeated at a different depth below the original surface of the core. Intact cores were collected from one site burned by the 2010 Fourmile Canyon (FMC) fire in Colorado and from one site burned by the 2010 Pozo fire in California. Each site contained contrasting vegetation and soil types. Additional soil samples were collected alongside the intact cores and were analyzed in the laboratory for soil properties (organic matter, bulk density, particle-size distribution) and for root properties (root density and root-length density). Particle-size distribution and root properties were different between sites, but sites were similar in terms of bulk density and organic matter. Soil detachment rates had similar relations with non-uniform shear stress and non-uniform unit stream power. Detachment rates within single sampling units displayed a relatively weak and inconsistent relation to flow variables. When averaged across all clusters, the detachment rate displayed a linear relation to shear stress, but variability in soil properties meant that the shear stress accounted for only a small proportion of the overall variability in detachment rates (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.23; R<sup>2</sup> is the coefficient of determination). Detachment rate was related to root-length density in some clusters (R<sup>2</sup> values up to 0.91) and unrelated in others (R<sup>2</sup> values <0.1). The overall R<sup>2</sup> value improved and the range of exponents became narrower by applying a multivariate regression model where boundary shear stress and root-length density were included as explanatory variables. This suggests that an erodibility parameter which incorporates the effects of both flow and root properties on detachment could improve the representation of sediment availability after wildfire.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125233","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Nyman, P., 2013, Variations in soil detachment rates after wildfire as a function of soil depth, flow properties, and root properties: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5233, vi, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125233.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271348,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20125233.gif"},{"id":271346,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5233/SIR12-5233-508.pdf"},{"id":271347,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5233/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51764ddde4b0f989f99e009a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, John A. 0000-0003-2609-364X jamoody@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-364X","contributorId":771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"John","email":"jamoody@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nyman, Peter","contributorId":64137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyman","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}