Grassland bird species have experienced substantial declines in North America. These declines have been largely attributed to habitat loss and degradation, especially from agricultural practices and intensification (the habitat-availability hypothesis). A recent analysis of North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) “grassland breeding” bird trends reported the surprising conclusion that insecticide acute toxicity was a better correlate of grassland bird declines in North America from 1980–2003 (the insecticide-acute-toxicity hypothesis) than was habitat loss through agricultural intensification. In this paper we reached the opposite conclusion. We used an alternative statistical approach with additional habitat covariates to analyze the same grassland bird trends over the same time frame. Grassland bird trends were positively associated with increases in area of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands and cropland used as pasture, whereas the effect of insecticide acute toxicity on bird trends was uncertain. Our models suggested that acute insecticide risk potentially has a detrimental effect on grassland bird trends, but models representing the habitat-availability hypothesis were 1.3–21.0 times better supported than models representing the insecticide-acute-toxicity hypothesis. Based on point estimates of effect sizes, CRP area and agricultural intensification had approximately 3.6 and 1.6 times more effect on grassland bird trends than lethal insecticide risk, respectively. Our findings suggest that preserving remaining grasslands is crucial to conserving grassland bird populations. The amount of grassland that has been lost in North America since 1980 is well documented, continuing, and staggering whereas insecticide use greatly declined prior to the 1990s. Grassland birds will likely benefit from the de-intensification of agricultural practices and the interspersion of pastures, Conservation Reserve Program lands, rangelands and other grassland habitats into existing agricultural landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0098064","usgsCitation":"Hill, J.M., Egan, J.F., Stauffer, G.E., and Diefenbach, D.R., 2014, Habitat availability is a more plausible explanation than insecticide acute toxicity for U.S. grassland bird species declines: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 5, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098064.","productDescription":"e98064; 8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","ipdsId":"IP-053305","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098064","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340650,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59084931e4b0fc4e448ffd7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Jason M.","contributorId":191616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hill","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Egan, J. Franklin","contributorId":191617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Egan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Franklin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stauffer, Glenn E.","contributorId":171536,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147 drd11@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":5235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane","email":"drd11@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192589,"text":"70192589 - 2014 - Assessing landscape constraints on species abundance: Does the neighborhood limit species response to local habitat conservation programs?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-13T11:02:02","indexId":"70192589","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing landscape constraints on species abundance: Does the neighborhood limit species response to local habitat conservation programs?","docAbstract":"Landscapes in agricultural systems continue to undergo significant change, and the loss of biodiversity is an ever-increasing threat. Although habitat restoration is beneficial, management actions do not always result in the desired outcome. Managers must understand why management actions fail; yet, past studies have focused on assessing habitat attributes at a single spatial scale, and often fail to consider the importance of ecological mechanisms that act across spatial scales. We located survey sites across southern Nebraska, USA and conducted point counts to estimate Ring-necked Pheasant abundance, an economically important species to the region, while simultaneously quantifying landscape effects using a geographic information system. To identify suitable areas for allocating limited management resources, we assessed land cover relationships to our counts using a Bayesian binomial-Poisson hierarchical model to construct predictive Species Distribution Models of relative abundance. Our results indicated that landscape scale land cover variables severely constrained or, alternatively, facilitated the positive effects of local land management for Ring-necked Pheasants.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0099339","usgsCitation":"Jorgensen, C.F., Powell, L.A., Lusk, J.J., Bishop, A.A., and Fontaine, J.J., 2014, Assessing landscape constraints on species abundance: Does the neighborhood limit species response to local habitat conservation programs?: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 6, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099339.","productDescription":"e99339; 13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","ipdsId":"IP-042264","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099339","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348580,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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J.","contributorId":198584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lusk","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bishop, Andrew A.","contributorId":93323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fontaine, Joseph J. 0000-0002-7639-9156 jfontaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7639-9156","contributorId":3820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontaine","given":"Joseph","email":"jfontaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70170508,"text":"70170508 - 2014 - Three-dimensional seismic velocity structure of Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes in Hawaii from local seismic tomography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-13T15:38:49","indexId":"70170508","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-30T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional seismic velocity structure of Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes in Hawaii from local seismic tomography","docAbstract":"We present a new three-dimensional seismic velocity model of the crustal and upper mantle structure for Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes in Hawaii. Our model is derived from the first-arrival times of the compressional and shear waves from about 53,000 events on and near the Island of Hawaii between 1992 and 2009 recorded by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory stations. The Vp model generally agrees with previous studies, showing high-velocity anomalies near the calderas and rift zones and low-velocity anomalies in the fault systems. The most significant difference from previous models is in Vp/Vs structure. The high-Vp and high-Vp/Vs anomalies below Mauna Loa caldera are interpreted as mafic magmatic cumulates. The observed low-Vp and high-Vp/Vs bodies in the Kaoiki seismic zone between 5 and 15 km depth are attributed to the underlying volcaniclastic sediments. The high-Vp and moderate- to low-Vp/Vs anomalies beneath Kilauea caldera can be explained by a combination of different mafic compositions, likely to be olivine-rich gabbro and dunite. The systematically low-Vp and low-Vp/Vs bodies in the southeast flank of Kilauea may be caused by the presence of volatiles. Another difference between this study and previous ones is the improved Vp model resolution in deeper layers, owing to the inclusion of events with large epicentral distances. The new velocity model is used to relocate the seismicity of Mauna Loa and Kilauea for improved absolute locations and ultimately to develop a high-precision earthquake catalog using waveform cross-correlation data.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013JB010820","usgsCitation":"Lin, G., Shearer, P., Matoza, R.S., Okubo, P.G., and Amelung, F., 2014, Three-dimensional seismic velocity structure of Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes in Hawaii from local seismic tomography: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 5, p. 4377-4392, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010820.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"4377","endPage":"4392","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055205","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/02000169","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320500,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","county":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-155.8799,20.2589],[-155.8389,20.2672],[-155.7974,20.2483],[-155.7717,20.2467],[-155.7307,20.217],[-155.7276,20.2014],[-155.6597,20.1689],[-155.5966,20.1224],[-155.5519,20.1275],[-155.4406,20.0928],[-155.2746,20.0165],[-155.2142,19.9761],[-155.1417,19.9175],[-155.0839,19.8533],[-155.0923,19.8101],[-155.0842,19.7247],[-155.0378,19.74],[-155.0008,19.735],[-154.9786,19.69],[-154.98,19.6376],[-154.9483,19.6236],[-154.9444,19.6025],[-154.9053,19.5706],[-154.8211,19.5322],[-154.8058,19.5161],[-154.8183,19.4997],[-154.8194,19.4794],[-154.8362,19.46],[-154.8895,19.4144],[-154.9283,19.3947],[-154.9725,19.3489],[-155.0705,19.3112],[-155.1543,19.2657],[-155.2084,19.2564],[-155.2631,19.2709],[-155.2968,19.2616],[-155.3566,19.2069],[-155.4154,19.1838],[-155.4543,19.1464],[-155.5053,19.1312],[-155.5528,19.0803],[-155.5531,19.0467],[-155.5772,19.0208],[-155.6017,18.9683],[-155.6183,18.9692],[-155.6386,18.935],[-155.6771,18.9105],[-155.6886,18.9394],[-155.7159,18.9606],[-155.7587,18.9769],[-155.7975,19.0094],[-155.8508,19.0189],[-155.8817,19.0358],[-155.8844,19.0525],[-155.9067,19.0786],[-155.9186,19.1344],[-155.8994,19.2111],[-155.8864,19.3433],[-155.9106,19.3961],[-155.9061,19.4131],[-155.9292,19.4589],[-155.9194,19.4728],[-155.9503,19.4858],[-155.9774,19.6064],[-155.9944,19.6375],[-156.0308,19.6515],[-156.0269,19.6731],[-156.0601,19.7255],[-156.0503,19.7744],[-156.0394,19.7878],[-155.9739,19.8481],[-155.9242,19.8558],[-155.9017,19.9056],[-155.8872,19.9144],[-155.8895,19.93],[-155.8544,19.9669],[-155.8356,19.9739],[-155.828,19.9894],[-155.8231,20.0228],[-155.8839,20.1058],[-155.9004,20.1635],[-155.8994,20.2281],[-155.8799,20.2589]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Hawaii\",\"state\":\"HI\"}}]}","volume":"119","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571f3fe5e4b071321fe56a87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lin, Guoqing","contributorId":168856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Guoqing","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shearer, Peter M.","contributorId":78946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearer","given":"Peter M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matoza, Robin S.","contributorId":54873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matoza","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okubo, Paul G. 0000-0002-0381-6051 pokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":2730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Paul","email":"pokubo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Amelung, Falk","contributorId":124563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amelung","given":"Falk","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70110624,"text":"70110624 - 2014 - An approach for filtering hyperbolically positioned underwater acoustic telemetry data with position precision estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-27T14:55:23","indexId":"70110624","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-27T14:50:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":773,"text":"Animal Biotelemetry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An approach for filtering hyperbolically positioned underwater acoustic telemetry data with position precision estimates","docAbstract":"Background
\nTelemetry systems that estimate animal positions with hyperbolic positioning algorithms also provide a technology-specific estimate of position precision (e.g., horizontal position error (HPE) for the VEMCO positioning system). Position precision estimates (e.g., dilution of precision for a global positioning system (GPS)) have been used extensively to identify and remove positions with unacceptable measurement error in studies of terrestrial and surfacing aquatic animals such as turtles and seals. Few underwater acoustic telemetry studies report using position precision estimates to filter data in accordance with explicit data quality objectives because the relationship between the precision estimate and measurement error is not understood or not evaluated. A four-step filtering approach which incorporates data-filtering principles developed for GPS tracking of terrestrial animals is demonstrated. HPE was evaluated for its effectiveness to remove uncertain fish positions acquired from a new underwater fine-scale passive acoustic monitoring system.
Results
\nFour filtering objectives were identified based on the need for three sequential future analyses and four data quality criteria were developed for evaluating the performance of individual filters (step 1). The unfiltered, baseline position confidence from known-position test tags was considered to determine if filtering was necessary (step 2). An HPE filter cutoff of 8 was selected to meet the four criteria (step 3), and it was determined that one analysis may need to be adjusted for use with this dataset. The data quality objectives, criteria, and filter selection rationale were reported (step 4).
Conclusions
\nThe use of position precision estimates that reflect the confidence in the positioning process should be considered prior to the use of biological filters that rely on a priori expectations of the subject’s movement capacities and tendencies. Position confidence goals should be determined based upon the needs of the research questions and analysis requirements versus arbitrary selection, in which filters of previous studies are adopted. Data filtering with this approach ensures that data quality is sufficient for the selected analyses and presents the opportunity to adjust or identify a different analysis in the event that the requisite precision was not attained. Ignoring these steps puts a practitioner at risk of reporting errant findings.
Climate change will decrease worldwide biodiversity through a number of potential pathways1, including invasive hybridization2 (cross-breeding between invasive and native species). How climate warming influences the spread of hybridization and loss of native genomes poses difficult ecological and evolutionary questions with little empirical information to guide conservation management decisions3. Here we combine long-term genetic monitoring data with high-resolution climate and stream temperature predictions to evaluate how recent climate warming has influenced the spatio-temporal spread of human-mediated hybridization between threatened native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) and non-native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), the world’s most widely introduced invasive fish4. Despite widespread release of millions of rainbow trout over the past century within the Flathead River system5, a large relatively pristine watershed in western North America, historical samples revealed that hybridization was prevalent only in one (source) population. During a subsequent 30-year period of accelerated warming, hybridization spread rapidly and was strongly linked to interactions between climatic drivers—precipitation and temperature—and distance to the source population. Specifically, decreases in spring precipitation and increases in summer stream temperature probably promoted upstream expansion of hybridization throughout the system. This study shows that rapid climate warming can exacerbate interactions between native and non-native species through invasive hybridization, which could spell genomic extinction for many species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/nclimate2252","usgsCitation":"Muhlfeld, C.C., Kovach, R., Jones, L.A., Al-Chokhachy, R.K., Boyer, M.C., Leary, R., Lowe, W.H., Luikart, G., and Allendorf, F.W., 2014, Invasive hybridization in a threatened species is accelerated by climate change: Nature Climate Change, v. 4, p. 620-624, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2252.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"620","endPage":"624","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053196","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alberta, Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Flathead River system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.4111328125,\n 47.12247581664114\n ],\n [\n -113.02734374999999,\n 47.12247581664114\n ],\n [\n -113.02734374999999,\n 50.75035931136963\n ],\n [\n -116.4111328125,\n 50.75035931136963\n ],\n [\n -116.4111328125,\n 47.12247581664114\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"545ded2ce4b0ba8303f92b8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kovach, Ryan P.","contributorId":126724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kovach","given":"Ryan P.","affiliations":[{"id":6580,"text":"University of Montana, Flathead Lake Biological Station, Polson, Montana 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Leslie A. 0000-0002-4953-7189 lajones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4953-7189","contributorId":4599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Leslie","email":"lajones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Al-Chokhachy, Robert K. 0000-0002-2136-5098 ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-5098","contributorId":1674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Chokhachy","given":"Robert","email":"ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boyer, Matthew C.","contributorId":126725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6581,"text":"Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Kalispell, Montana 59901, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leary, Robb F.","contributorId":126726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leary","given":"Robb F.","affiliations":[{"id":6582,"text":"Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Missoula, Montana 59801, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lowe, Winsor H.","contributorId":126722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Winsor","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6577,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Luikart, Gordon","contributorId":124531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luikart","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[{"id":5091,"text":"Flathead Lake Biological Station, Fish and Wildlife Genomics Group, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Allendorf, Fred W.","contributorId":124525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allendorf","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5084,"text":"Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70110389,"text":"70110389 - 2014 - Tsunami vertical-evacuation planning in the U.S. Pacific Northwest as a geospatial, multi-criteria decision problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-23T14:33:55","indexId":"70110389","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-23T14:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2036,"text":"International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tsunami vertical-evacuation planning in the U.S. Pacific Northwest as a geospatial, multi-criteria decision problem","docAbstract":"Tsunami vertical-evacuation (TVE) refuges can be effective risk-reduction options for coastal communities with local tsunami threats but no accessible high ground for evacuations. Deciding where to locate TVE refuges is a complex risk-management question, given the potential for conflicting stakeholder priorities and multiple, suitable sites. We use the coastal community of Ocean Shores (Washington, USA) and the local tsunami threat posed by Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes as a case study to explore the use of geospatial, multi-criteria decision analysis for framing the locational problem of TVE siting. We demonstrate a mixed-methods approach that uses potential TVE sites identified at community workshops, geospatial analysis to model changes in pedestrian evacuation times for TVE options, and statistical analysis to develop metrics for comparing population tradeoffs and to examine influences in decision making. Results demonstrate that no one TVE site can save all at-risk individuals in the community and each site provides varying benefits to residents, employees, customers at local stores, tourists at public venues, children at schools, and other vulnerable populations. The benefit of some proposed sites varies depending on whether or not nearby bridges will be functioning after the preceding earthquake. Relative rankings of the TVE sites are fairly stable under various criteria-weighting scenarios but do vary considerably when comparing strategies to exclusively protect tourists or residents. The proposed geospatial framework can serve as an analytical foundation for future TVE siting discussions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.04.009","usgsCitation":"Wood, N., Jones, J., Schelling, J., and Schmidtlein, M., 2014, Tsunami vertical-evacuation planning in the U.S. Pacific Northwest as a geospatial, multi-criteria decision problem: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, v. 9, p. 68-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.04.009.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-053479","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.04.009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":287570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287561,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.04.009"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Grays Harbor County","city":"Ocean Shores","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.180178,46.926625 ], [ -124.180178,47.045563 ], [ -124.097997,47.045563 ], [ -124.097997,46.926625 ], [ -124.180178,46.926625 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538052c8e4b0826cd50169fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Nathan 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":71151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Jeanne","contributorId":50444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Jeanne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schelling, John","contributorId":49707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schelling","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmidtlein, Mathew","contributorId":31682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidtlein","given":"Mathew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70116724,"text":"70116724 - 2014 - Temperature data acquired from the DOI/GTN-P Deep Borehole Array on the Arctic Slope of Alaska, 1973-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T11:04:30","indexId":"70116724","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-23T09:25:51","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1426,"text":"Earth System Science Data","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature data acquired from the DOI/GTN-P Deep Borehole Array on the Arctic Slope of Alaska, 1973-2013","docAbstract":"A homogeneous set of temperature measurements obtained from the DOI/GTN-P Deep Borehole Array between 1973 and 2013 is presented; DOI/GTN-P is the US Department of the Interior contribution to the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P). The 23-element array is located on the Arctic Slope of\nAlaska, a region of cold continuous permafrost. Most of the monitoring wells are situated on the Arctic coastal plain between the Brooks Range and the Arctic Ocean, while others are in the foothills to the south. The data represent the true temperatures in the wellbores and surrounding rocks at the time of the measurements; they have not been corrected to remove the thermal disturbance caused by drilling the wells. With a few exceptions, the drilling disturbance is estimated to have been on the order of 0.1 K or less by 1989. Thus, most of the temperature measurements acquired during the last 25 yr are little affected by the drilling disturbance. The data contribute to ongoing efforts to monitor changes in the thermal state of permafrost in both hemispheres by the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost, one of the primary subnetworks of the Global Terrestrial Observing\nSystem (GTOS). The data will also be useful for refining our basic understanding of the physical conditions in permafrost in Arctic Alaska, as well as providing important information for validating predictive models used for climate impact assessments. The processed data are available from the Advanced Cooperative Arctic Data and Information Service (ACADIS) repository at doi:10.5065/D6N014HK.","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","publisherLocation":"Katlenberg-Lindau, Germany","doi":"10.5194/essd-6-201-2014","usgsCitation":"Clow, G.D., 2014, Temperature data acquired from the DOI/GTN-P Deep Borehole Array on the Arctic Slope of Alaska, 1973-2013: Earth System Science Data, v. 6, p. 201-218, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-201-2014.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"18","temporalStart":"1973-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-049505","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-201-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":290246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Slope","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -163.00,68.50 ], [ -163.00,72.00 ], [ -140.00,72.00 ], [ -140.00,68.50 ], [ -163.00,68.50 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c79f18e4b01948416424ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clow, Gary D. 0000-0002-2262-3853 clow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2262-3853","contributorId":2066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"Gary","email":"clow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70125290,"text":"70125290 - 2014 - Fuzzy boundaries: color and gene flow patterns among parapatric lineages of the western shovel-nosed snake and taxonomic implication","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-16T10:32:35","indexId":"70125290","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-21T10:30:59","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fuzzy boundaries: color and gene flow patterns among parapatric lineages of the western shovel-nosed snake and taxonomic implication","docAbstract":"Accurate delineation of lineage diversity is increasingly important, as species distributions are becoming more reduced and threatened. During the last century, the subspecies category was often used to denote phenotypic variation within a species range and to provide a framework for understanding lineage differentiation, often considered incipient speciation. While this category has largely fallen into disuse, previously recognized subspecies often serve as important units for conservation policy and management when other information is lacking. In this study, we evaluated phenotypic subspecies hypotheses within shovel-nosed snakes on the basis of genetic data and considered how evolutionary processes such as gene flow influenced possible incongruence between phenotypic and genetic patterns. We used both traditional phylogenetic and Bayesian clustering analyses to infer range-wide genetic structure and spatially explicit analyses to detect possible boundary locations of lineage contact. Multilocus analyses supported three historically isolated groups with low to moderate levels of contemporary gene exchange. Genetic data did not support phenotypic subspecies as exclusive groups, and we detected patterns of discordance in areas where three subspecies are presumed to be in contact. Based on genetic and phenotypic evidence, we suggested that species-level diversity is underestimated in this group and we proposed that two species be recognized, Chionactis occipitalis and C. annulata. In addition, we recommend retention of two subspecific designations within C. annulata (C. a. annulata and C. a. klauberi) that reflect regional shifts in both genetic and phenotypic variation within the species. Our results highlight the difficultly in validating taxonomic boundaries within lineages that are evolving under a time-dependent, continuous process.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0097494","usgsCitation":"Wood, D.A., Fisher, R.N., and Vandergast, A.G., 2014, Fuzzy boundaries: color and gene flow patterns among parapatric lineages of the western shovel-nosed snake and taxonomic implication: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 5, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097494.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-055947","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097494","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293872,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097494"}],"volume":"9","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54195137e4b091c7ffc8e6cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Dustin A. 0000-0002-7668-9911 dawood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7668-9911","contributorId":4179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Dustin","email":"dawood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vandergast, Amy G. 0000-0002-7835-6571","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6571","contributorId":97617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergast","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175908,"text":"70175908 - 2014 - Post-earthquake relaxation using a spectral element method: 2.5-D case","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-20T15:36:10","indexId":"70175908","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-20T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-earthquake relaxation using a spectral element method: 2.5-D case","docAbstract":"The computation of quasi-static deformation for axisymmetric viscoelastic structures on a gravitating spherical earth is addressed using the spectral element method (SEM). A 2-D spectral element domain is defined with respect to spherical coordinates of radius and angular distance from a pole of symmetry, and 3-D viscoelastic structure is assumed to be azimuthally symmetric with respect to this pole. A point dislocation source that is periodic in azimuth is implemented with a truncated sequence of azimuthal order numbers. Viscoelasticity is limited to linear rheologies and is implemented with the correspondence principle in the Laplace transform domain. This leads to a series of decoupled 2-D problems which are solved with the SEM. Inverse Laplace transform of the independent 2-D solutions leads to the time-domain solution of the 3-D equations of quasi-static equilibrium imposed on a 2-D structure. The numerical procedure is verified through comparison with analytic solutions for finite faults embedded in a laterally homogeneous viscoelastic structure. This methodology is applicable to situations where the predominant structure varies in one horizontal direction, such as a structural contrast across (or parallel to) a long strike-slip fault.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggu114","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., 2014, Post-earthquake relaxation using a spectral element method: 2.5-D case: Geophysical Journal International, v. 198, no. 1, p. 308-326, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu114.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"308","endPage":"326","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052070","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu114","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":327122,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"198","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b97f28e4b03fd6b7db87d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, Frederick 0000-0002-4060-2706 fpollitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-2706","contributorId":139578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70058501,"text":"sir20105090L - 2014 - Porphyry copper assessment of eastern Australia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70058501,"text":"sir20105090L - 2014 - Porphyry copper assessment of eastern Australia","indexId":"sir20105090L","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"L","title":"Porphyry copper assessment of eastern Australia"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T20:56:23.37247","indexId":"sir20105090L","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-15T12:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5090","chapter":"L","title":"Porphyry copper assessment of eastern Australia","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducts national and global assessments of resources (mineral, energy, water, and biologic) to provide science in support of decision making. Mineral resource assessments provide syntheses of available information about where mineral deposits are known and suspected to occur in the Earth’s crust and which commodities may be present, together with estimates of amounts of resources that may be present in undiscovered deposits. The USGS collaborated with geologists of the Geological Survey of New South Wales and Geoscience Australia (formerly the Australian Geological Survey Organisation) on an assessment of Phanerozoic-age porphyry copper resources in Australia. Porphyry copper deposits contain about 11 percent of the identified copper resources in Australia. This study addresses resources of known porphyry copper deposits and expected resources of undiscovered porphyry copper deposits in eastern Australia.
\nA three-part form of assessment was used for estimation of undiscovered resources. Using this method, four tracts were delineated that are permissive for porphyry copper deposits. A probabilistic estimate of the expected number of deposits in each tract was prepared on the basis of existing information about geology, geochemistry, geophysics, exploration history, and mineral occurrences. Monte Carlo simulation was used to combine the estimated number of deposits with an appropriate model of grade and tonnage for porphyry copper deposits to provide a probabilistic estimate of metal content and total tonnage for undiscovered deposits.
\nThe Delamerian permissive tract comprises igneous rocks of Cambrian age in the Delamerian Orogen, which borders the western margin of the Tasmanides. The Delamerian tract contains no known porphyry copper deposits, but the Adelaide sub-tract, one of three sub-tracts that compose the Delamerian tract, contains four porphyry copper prospects. The Adelaide sub-tract is estimated to contain 2.5±2.2 undiscovered deposits in an area of about 50,700 square kilometers.
\nThe Macquarie permissive tract comprises volcanic, volcaniclastic, and minor exposed intrusive igneous rocks of the Macquarie Arc. The nine known deposits in this tract are now estimated to contain a total of about 13.5 million metric tons of copper and 1,700 metric tons of gold. This tract is estimated to contain 6.9±3.5 undiscovered deposits for a total of about 16 deposits in an area of about 41,500 square kilometers.
\nThe Yeoval permissive tract includes subequal areas of permissive volcanic and intrusive rocks of Silurian to Devonian age exposed in and around the Cowra-Buchan Rift System, which overlaps the previously accreted Macquarie Arc. The Yeoval tract contains one porphyry copper deposit and several porphyry copper prospects. This tract is estimated to contain 1.3±0.75 undiscovered porphyry copper deposits, for a total of about 2 expected deposits in an area of about 53,200 square kilometers.
\nThe East Tasmanide permissive tract includes a semi-continuous belt of plutonic and subordinate volcanic rocks along the eastern margins of Queensland and northeastern New South Wales. The East Tasmanide tract contains 14 known porphyry copper deposits and many porphyry copper prospects, which are all in the Central sub-tract. This sub-tract is expected to contain 4.8±3.3 undiscovered porphyry copper deposits, for a total of about 19 deposits in an area of about 291,000 square kilometers.
\nThis assessment estimates that 15 undiscovered deposits contain an arithmetic mean of ~21 million metric tons or more of copper in four tracts, in addition to the 24 known porphyry copper deposits that contain identified resources of ~16 million metric tons of copper. In addition to copper, the mean expected amount of undiscovered byproduct gold predicted by the simulation is ~1,500 metric tons. The probability associated with these arithmetic means is on the order of 30 percent. Median expected amounts of metals predicted by the simulations may be ~50 percent lower than mean estimates.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global mineral resource assessment (Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105090L","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Geological Survey of New South Wales and Geoscience Australia","usgsCitation":"Bookstrom, A.A., Len, R.A., Hammarstrom, J.M., Robinson, G.R., Zientek, M.L., Drenth, B.J., Jaireth, S., Cossette, P.M., and Wallis, J., 2014, Porphyry copper assessment of eastern Australia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090, Report: x, 160 p.; Spatial Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105090L.","productDescription":"Report: x, 160 p.; Spatial Data","numberOfPages":"172","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-040368","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287228,"rank":11,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/l/"},{"id":287230,"rank":1,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/l/sir2010-5090-l_gis.zip","text":"GIS package","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"GIS package"},{"id":287229,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/l/sir2010-5090-L.pdf","text":"Report","size":"36 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":287231,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20105090L.jpg"}],"datum":"Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994","country":"Australia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 142.9541015625,\n -11.910353555774101\n ],\n [\n 137.900390625,\n -34.016241889667015\n ],\n [\n 139.7900390625,\n -36.49197347059368\n ],\n [\n 139.74609375,\n -37.0551771066608\n ],\n [\n 141.50390625,\n -38.34165619279593\n ],\n [\n 144.4921875,\n -41.211721510547875\n ],\n [\n 145.1953125,\n -42.06560675405715\n ],\n [\n 145.2392578125,\n -42.94033923363182\n ],\n [\n 146.513671875,\n -43.739352079154706\n ],\n [\n 148.2275390625,\n -43.229195113965005\n ],\n [\n 148.359375,\n -40.94671366508001\n ],\n [\n 151.1279296875,\n -33.97980872872456\n ],\n [\n 152.578125,\n -32.509761735919426\n ],\n [\n 153.6767578125,\n -28.729130483430154\n ],\n [\n 153.017578125,\n -25.324166525738384\n ],\n [\n 150.6005859375,\n -22.268764039073968\n ],\n [\n 148.4912109375,\n -19.76670355171696\n ],\n [\n 146.42578125,\n -18.8543103618898\n ],\n [\n 145.3271484375,\n -14.77488250651626\n ],\n [\n 142.9541015625,\n -11.910353555774101\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5375d3d2e4b010920bbded02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bookstrom, Arthur A. 0000-0003-1336-3364 abookstrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-3364","contributorId":1542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bookstrom","given":"Arthur","email":"abookstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Len, Richard A.","contributorId":36858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Len","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammarstrom, Jane M. 0000-0003-2742-3460 jhammars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-3460","contributorId":1226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"Jane","email":"jhammars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, Gilpin R. 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The United States is the world's most active market for pollination services by honey bees, and the Northern Great Plains provide the majority of bee colonies used to meet the Nation's annual pollination needs. Legislation requiring increased production of biofuel crops, increasing commodity prices for crops of little nutritional value for bees in the Northern Great Plains, and reductions in government programs aimed at promoting land conservation are converging to alter the regional landscape in ways that challenge beekeepers to provide adequate numbers of hives for national pollination services. We developed a spatially explicit model that identifies sites with the potential to support large apiaries based on local-scale land-cover requirements for honey bees. We produced maps of potential apiary locations for North Dakota, a leading producer of honey, based on land-cover maps representing (1) an annual time series compiled from existing operational products and (2) a realistic scenario of land change. We found that existing land-cover products lack sufficient local accuracy to monitor actual changes in landscape suitability for honey bees, but our model proved informative for evaluating effects on suitability under scenarios of land change. The scenario we implemented was aligned with current drivers of land-use change in the Northern Great Plains and highlighted the importance of conservation lands in landscapes intensively and extensively managed for crops.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0099268","usgsCitation":"Gallant, A.L., Euliss, N.H., and Browning, Z., 2014, Mapping large-area landscape suitability for honey bees to assess the influence of land-use change on sustainability of national pollination services: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 6, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099268.","productDescription":"e99268; 14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","ipdsId":"IP-044117","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099268","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591abe38e4b0a7fdb43c8bfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637 gallant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":2940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"gallant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Euliss, Ned H. Jr. ceuliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Ned","suffix":"Jr.","email":"ceuliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Browning, Zac","contributorId":192022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Browning","given":"Zac","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70104300,"text":"70104300 - 2014 - Adaptive nest clustering and density-dependent nest survival in dabbling ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-01T17:17:04","indexId":"70104300","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-13T12:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adaptive nest clustering and density-dependent nest survival in dabbling ducks","docAbstract":"Density-dependent population regulation is observed in many taxa, and understanding the mechanisms that generate density dependence is especially important for the conservation of heavily-managed species. In one such system, North American waterfowl, density dependence is often observed at continental scales, and nest predation has long been implicated as a key factor driving this pattern. However, despite extensive research on this topic, it remains unclear if and how nest density influences predation rates. Part of this confusion may have arisen because previous studies have studied density-dependent predation at relatively large spatial and temporal scales. Because the spatial distribution of nests changes throughout the season, which potentially influences predator behavior, nest survival may vary through time at relatively small spatial scales. As such, density-dependent nest predation might be more detectable at a spatially- and temporally-refined scale and this may provide new insights into nest site selection and predator foraging behavior. Here, we used three years of data on nest survival of two species of waterfowl, mallards and gadwall, to more fully explore the relationship between local nest clustering and nest survival. Throughout the season, we found that the distribution of nests was consistently clustered at small spatial scales (˜50–400 m), especially for mallard nests, and that this pattern was robust to yearly variation in nest density and the intensity of predation. We demonstrated further that local nest clustering had positive fitness consequences – nests with closer nearest neighbors were more likely to be successful, a result that is counter to the general assumption that nest predation rates increase with nest density.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oikos","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ejnar Munksgaard","publisherLocation":"Copenhagen","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00851.x","usgsCitation":"Ringelman, K.M., Eadie, J.M., and Ackerman, J., 2014, Adaptive nest clustering and density-dependent nest survival in dabbling ducks: Oikos, v. 123, no. 2, p. 239-247, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00851.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"247","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-046158","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287087,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00851.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Grizzly Island Wildlife Area;Suisun Marsh","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.121727,38.06149 ], [ -122.121727,38.155651 ], [ -121.885049,38.155651 ], [ -121.885049,38.06149 ], [ -122.121727,38.06149 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"123","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537330d0e4b04970612788a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringelman, Kevin M.","contributorId":95806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringelman","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eadie, John M.","contributorId":65219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eadie","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7082,"text":"University of California - Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":493702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70104213,"text":"70104213 - 2014 - Evaluation of sensor types and environmental controls on mapping biomass of coastal marsh emergent vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-13T10:37:49","indexId":"70104213","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-13T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of sensor types and environmental controls on mapping biomass of coastal marsh emergent vegetation","docAbstract":"There is a need to quantify large-scale plant productivity in coastal marshes to understand marsh resilience to sea level rise, to help define eligibility for carbon offset credits, and to monitor impacts from land use, eutrophication and contamination. Remote monitoring of aboveground biomass of emergent wetland vegetation will help address this need. Differences in sensor spatial resolution, bandwidth, temporal frequency and cost constrain the accuracy of biomass maps produced for management applications. In addition the use of vegetation indices to map biomass may not be effective in wetlands due to confounding effects of water inundation on spectral reflectance. To address these challenges, we used partial least squares regression to select optimal spectral features in situ and with satellite reflectance data to develop predictive models of aboveground biomass for common emergent freshwater marsh species, Typha spp. and Schoenoplectus acutus, at two restored marshes in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, California, USA. We used field spectrometer data to test model errors associated with hyperspectral narrowbands and multispectral broadbands, the influence of water inundation on prediction accuracy, and the ability to develop species specific models. We used Hyperion data, Digital Globe World View-2 (WV-2) data, and Landsat 7 data to scale up the best statistical models of biomass. Field spectrometer-based models of the full dataset showed that narrowband reflectance data predicted biomass somewhat, though not significantly better than broadband reflectance data [R2 = 0.46 and percent normalized RMSE (%RMSE) = 16% for narrowband models]. However hyperspectral first derivative reflectance spectra best predicted biomass for plots where water levels were less than 15 cm (R2 = 0.69, %RMSE = 12.6%). In species-specific models, error rates differed by species (Typha spp.: %RMSE = 18.5%; S. acutus: %RMSE = 24.9%), likely due to the more vertical structure and deeper water habitat of S. acutus. The Landsat 7 dataset (7 images) predicted biomass slightly better than the WV-2 dataset (6 images) (R2 = 0.56, %RMSE = 20.9%, compared to R2 = 0.45, RMSE = 21.5%). The Hyperion dataset (one image) was least successful in predicting biomass (R2 = 0.27, %RMSE = 33.5%). Shortwave infrared bands on 30 m-resolution Hyperion and Landsat 7 sensors aided biomass estimation; however managers need to weigh tradeoffs between cost, additional spectral information, and high spatial resolution that will identify variability in small, fragmented marshes common to the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta and elsewhere in the Western U.S.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2014.04.003","usgsCitation":"Byrd, K.B., O'Connell, J., Di Tommaso, S., and Kelly, M., 2014, Evaluation of sensor types and environmental controls on mapping biomass of coastal marsh emergent vegetation: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 149, p. 166-180, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.04.003.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"166","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-052200","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287072,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.04.003"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-san Joaquin River Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.7545,37.3797 ], [ -122.7545,38.2715 ], [ -121.2455,38.2715 ], [ -121.2455,37.3797 ], [ -122.7545,37.3797 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"149","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537330d2e4b04970612788ae","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2014.04.003","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.04.003","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Byrd Kristin B., O'Connell Jessica L., Di Tommaso Stefania, Kelly Maggi","journalName":"Remote Sensing of Environment","publicationDate":"6/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byrd, Kristin B. 0000-0002-5725-7486 kbyrd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5725-7486","contributorId":3814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrd","given":"Kristin","email":"kbyrd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Connell, Jessica L.","contributorId":86265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connell","given":"Jessica L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Di Tommaso, Stefania","contributorId":9965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Di Tommaso","given":"Stefania","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, Maggi","contributorId":14275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Maggi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70104631,"text":"70104631 - 2014 - Gross and microscopic pathology of lesions in Pocillopora spp. from the subtropical eastern Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-20T15:20:48","indexId":"70104631","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-13T09:41:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2361,"text":"Journal of Invertebrate Pathology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Gross and microscopic pathology of lesions in Pocillopora spp. from the subtropical eastern Pacific","title":"Gross and microscopic pathology of lesions in Pocillopora spp. from the subtropical eastern Pacific","docAbstract":"Coral reefs are threatened by a variety of factors including diseases that have caused significant damage in some regions such as in the Caribbean. At present, no data are available on coral diseases in the Mexican Pacific where Pocillopora spp. is a dominant component of coral communities. Here, we describe gross and microscopic morphology of lesions found in pocilloporids at four sites in the Mexican Pacific. Corals were identified and their lesions photographed and quantified in the field. Tissue samples were collected from healthy and affected colonies for histopathology. We recorded seven species of pocilloporids at the study sites with Isla Isabel being the location with the highest coral diversity (H′ = 1.27). Lesions were present in 42% of the colonies and included discoloration (32%), predation-induced tissue loss (30%), unexplained tissue loss (3%) and overgrowth by sponges or algae (35%). The most affected species, P. damicornis (50%), was also one of the most common in the region. No species was more prone to a particular lesion, but there was a significant association between location and the presence of lesions. Northern Islas Marietas (61%) and Isla Isabel (41%) had the highest prevalence of lesions, followed by Manzanillo (37%) and Bahías de Huatulco (23%). Histological changes included atrophy of the surface body wall with depletion of zooxanthellae (91%) in corals with discoloration (bleaching). Ablation of tissue from mesoglea (18%) was also observed. Colonies with unexplained tissue loss showed atrophy and thinning of the epidermis (89%), characterized by cuboidal instead of pseudocolumnar cells normally found in healthy pseudocolumnar ciliated epithelium. Bacterial aggregates between the mesoglea and gastrodermis (11%) were very conspicuous in healthy and diseased corals. Lesions produced by fish bites and gastropods were associated with tissue atrophy (40%) and, in some cases, algal overgrowth near the lesion (20%). No infectious agents associated with cell pathology were detected microscopically. Bleaching and overgrowth by algae and sponges, as well as unexplained tissue loss, are common in Pocillopora. These lesions and anatomical changes warrant further study since their incidence is potentially indicative of reef degradation.
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Carolina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rocha-Olivares, Axayacatl","contributorId":49703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocha-Olivares","given":"Axayacatl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":67805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calderon-Aguilera, Luis Eduardo","contributorId":6377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calderon-Aguilera","given":"Luis Eduardo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caceres-Martinez, Jorge Abelardo","contributorId":49704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caceres-Martinez","given":"Jorge","email":"","middleInitial":"Abelardo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70104182,"text":"70104182 - 2014 - Phytoplankton primary production in the world's estuarine-coastal ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-12T14:15:49","indexId":"70104182","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-12T14:08:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phytoplankton primary production in the world's estuarine-coastal ecosystems","docAbstract":"Estuaries are biogeochemical hot spots because they receive large inputs of nutrients and organic carbon from land and oceans to support high rates of metabolism and primary production. We synthesize published rates of annual phytoplankton primary production (APPP) in marine ecosystems influenced by connectivity to land – estuaries, bays, lagoons, fjords and inland seas. Review of the scientific literature produced a compilation of 1148 values of APPP derived from monthly incubation assays to measure carbon assimilation or oxygen production. The median value of median APPP measurements in 131 ecosystems is 185 and the mean is 252 g C m−2 yr−1, but the range is large: from −105 (net pelagic production in the Scheldt Estuary) to 1890 g C m−2 yr−1 (net phytoplankton production in Tamagawa Estuary). APPP varies up to 10-fold within ecosystems and 5-fold from year to year (but we only found eight APPP series longer than a decade so our knowledge of decadal-scale variability is limited). We use studies of individual places to build a conceptual model that integrates the mechanisms generating this large variability: nutrient supply, light limitation by turbidity, grazing by consumers, and physical processes (river inflow, ocean exchange, and inputs of heat, light and wind energy). We consider method as another source of variability because the compilation includes values derived from widely differing protocols. A simulation model shows that different methods reported in the literature can yield up to 3-fold variability depending on incubation protocols and methods for integrating measured rates over time and depth.
\nAlthough attempts have been made to upscale measures of estuarine-coastal APPP, the empirical record is inadequate for yielding reliable global estimates. The record is deficient in three ways. First, it is highly biased by the large number of measurements made in northern Europe (particularly the Baltic region) and North America. Of the 1148 reported values of APPP, 958 come from sites between 30 and 60° N; we found only 36 for sites south of 20° N. Second, of the 131 ecosystems where APPP has been reported, 37% are based on measurements at only one location during 1 year. The accuracy of these values is unknown but probably low, given the large interannual and spatial variability within ecosystems. Finally, global assessments are confounded by measurements that are not intercomparable because they were made with different methods.
\nPhytoplankton primary production along the continental margins is tightly linked to variability of water quality, biogeochemical processes including ocean–atmosphere CO2 exchange, and production at higher trophic levels including species we harvest as food. The empirical record has deficiencies that preclude reliable global assessment of this key Earth system process. We face two grand challenges to resolve these deficiencies: (1) organize and fund an international effort to use a common method and measure APPP regularly across a network of coastal sites that are globally representative and sustained over time, and (2) integrate data into a unifying model to explain the wide range of variability across ecosystems and to project responses of APPP to regional manifestations of global change as it continues to unfold.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-11-2477-2014","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., Foster, S., and Kleckner, A., 2014, Phytoplankton primary production in the world's estuarine-coastal ecosystems: Biogeosciences, v. 11, p. 2477-2501, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2477-2014.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"2477","endPage":"2501","numberOfPages":"25","ipdsId":"IP-049711","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2477-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":287056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287055,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2477-2014"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5371df52e4b08449547883d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, S.Q.","contributorId":103184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"S.Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kleckner, A.E.","contributorId":33627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleckner","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70103637,"text":"70103637 - 2014 - Detection probability of least tern and piping plover chicks in a large river system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:25:42","indexId":"70103637","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-07T13:36:19","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection probability of least tern and piping plover chicks in a large river system","docAbstract":"Monitoring the abundance and stability of populations of conservation concern is often complicated by an inability to perfectly detect all members of the population. Mark-recapture offers a flexible framework in which one may identify factors contributing to imperfect detection, while at the same time estimating demographic parameters such as abundance or survival. We individually color-marked, recaptured, and re-sighted 1,635 federally listed interior least tern (Sternula antillarum; endangered) chicks and 1,318 piping plover (Charadrius melodus; threatened) chicks from 2006 to 2009 at 4 study areas along the Missouri River and investigated effects of observer-, subject-, and site-level covariates suspected of influencing detection. Increasing the time spent searching and crew size increased the probability of detecting both species regardless of study area and detection methods were not associated with decreased survival. However, associations between detection probability and the investigated covariates were highly variable by study area and species combinations, indicating that a universal mark-recapture design may not be appropriate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Online Library","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.697","usgsCitation":"Roche, E.A., Shaffer, T.L., Anteau, M.J., Sherfy, M.H., Stucker, J.H., Wiltermuth, M.T., and Dovichin, C.M., 2014, Detection probability of least tern and piping plover chicks in a large river system: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 4, p. 709-720, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.697.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"709","endPage":"720","ipdsId":"IP-038993","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286978,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286950,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.697"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska;North Dakota;South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.05,42.8084 ], [ -104.05,49.6007 ], [ -96.4366,49.6007 ], [ -96.4366,42.8084 ], [ -104.05,42.8084 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"78","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"536b47d0e4b0a51a87c4b120","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roche, Erin A. eroche@usgs.gov","contributorId":5558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roche","given":"Erin","email":"eroche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anteau, Michael J. 0000-0002-5173-5870 manteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-5870","contributorId":3427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"Michael","email":"manteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sherfy, Mark H. 0000-0003-3016-4105 msherfy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3016-4105","contributorId":125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherfy","given":"Mark","email":"msherfy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stucker, Jennifer H. jstucker@usgs.gov","contributorId":3183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stucker","given":"Jennifer","email":"jstucker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wiltermuth, Mark T. 0000-0002-8871-2816 mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8871-2816","contributorId":708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiltermuth","given":"Mark","email":"mwiltermuth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dovichin, Colin M. 0000-0002-9325-5779 cdovichin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9325-5779","contributorId":4505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dovichin","given":"Colin","email":"cdovichin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70103631,"text":"70103631 - 2014 - Metabolism of a nitrogen-enriched coastal marine lagoon during the summertime","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-07T11:16:50","indexId":"70103631","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-06T11:03:23","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metabolism of a nitrogen-enriched coastal marine lagoon during the summertime","docAbstract":"We measured metabolism rates in a shallow, nitrogen-enriched coastal marine ecosystem on Cape Cod (MA, USA) during seven summers using an open-water diel oxygen method. We compared two basins, one directly receiving most of the nitrogen (N) load (“Snug Harbor”) and another further removed from the N load and better flushed (“Outer Harbor”). Both dissolved oxygen and pH varied greatly over the day, increasing in daylight and decreasing at night. The more N-enriched basin frequently went hypoxic during the night, and the pH in both basins was low (compared to standard seawater) when the oxygen levels were low, due to elevated carbon dioxide. Day-to-day variation in gross primary production (GPP) was high and linked in part to variation in light. Whole-ecosystem respiration tended to track this short-term variation in GPP, suggesting that respiration by the primary producers often dominated whole-system respiration. GPP was higher in the more N-loaded Snug Harbor. Seagrasses covered over 60 % of the area of the better-flushed, Outer Harbor throughout our study and were the major contributors to GPP there. Seagrasses covered 20 % of the area in Snug Harbor for the first 5 years of our study, and their contribution to GPP was relatively small. The seagrasses in Snug Harbor died off completely in the 6th year, but GPP remained high then and in the subsequent year. Overall, rates of phytoplankton GPP were relatively low, suggesting that benthic micro- and macro-algae may be the dominant primary producers in Snug Harbor in most years. Net ecosystem production in both Snug Harbor and the Outer Harbor was variable from year to year, showing net heterotrophy in some years and net autotrophy in others, with a trend towards increasing autotrophy over the 7 years reported here.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-013-9901-x","usgsCitation":"Howarth, R.W., Hayn, M., Marino, R.M., Ganju, N., Foreman, K.H., McGlathery, K., Giblin, A.E., Berg, P., and Walker, J.D., 2014, Metabolism of a nitrogen-enriched coastal marine lagoon during the summertime: Biogeochemistry, v. 118, no. 1-3, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-013-9901-x.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","ipdsId":"IP-049130","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286949,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286948,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-013-9901-x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"West Falmouth Harbor","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.665,41.597 ], [ -70.665,41.614 ], [ -70.663,41.614 ], [ -70.663,41.597 ], [ -70.665,41.597 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"118","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"536b55f6e4b0a51a87c4b179","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howarth, Robert W.","contributorId":32066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howarth","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13003,"text":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":493412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayn, Melanie","contributorId":57754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayn","given":"Melanie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13003,"text":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":493417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marino, Roxanne M.","contributorId":62523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marino","given":"Roxanne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ganju, Neil 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":40902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foreman, Kenneth H.","contributorId":45631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGlathery, Karen","contributorId":36057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGlathery","given":"Karen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Giblin, Anne E.","contributorId":103966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giblin","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Berg, Peter","contributorId":32828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Walker, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":15526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70103489,"text":"70103489 - 2014 - Seasonal thaw settlement at drained thermokarst lake basins, Arctic Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T18:00:26","indexId":"70103489","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-05T14:08:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3554,"text":"The Cryosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal thaw settlement at drained thermokarst lake basins, Arctic Alaska","docAbstract":"Drained thermokarst lake basins (DTLBs) are ubiquitous landforms on Arctic tundra lowland. Their dynamic states are seldom investigated, despite their importance for landscape stability, hydrology, nutrient fluxes, and carbon cycling. Here we report results based on high-resolution Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) measurements using space-borne data for a study area located on the North Slope of Alaska near Prudhoe Bay, where we focus on the seasonal thaw settlement within DTLBs, averaged between 2006 and 2010. The majority (14) of the 18 DTLBs in the study area exhibited seasonal thaw settlement of 3–4 cm. However, four of the DTLBs examined exceeded 4 cm of thaw settlement, with one basin experiencing up to 12 cm. Combining the InSAR observations with the in situ active layer thickness measured using ground penetrating radar and mechanical probing, we calculated thaw strain, an index of thaw settlement strength along a transect across the basin that underwent large thaw settlement. We found thaw strains of 10–35% at the basin center, suggesting the seasonal melting of ground ice as a possible mechanism for the large settlement. These findings emphasize the dynamic nature of permafrost landforms, demonstrate the capability of the InSAR technique to remotely monitor surface deformation of individual DTLBs, and illustrate the combination of ground-based and remote sensing observations to estimate thaw strain. Our study highlights the need for better description of the spatial heterogeneity of landscape-scale processes for regional assessment of surface dynamics on Arctic coastal lowlands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Cryosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/tc-8-815-2014","usgsCitation":"Liu, L., Schaefer, K., Gusmeroli, A., Grosse, G., Jones, B.M., Zhang, T., Parsekian, A., and Zebker, H., 2014, Seasonal thaw settlement at drained thermokarst lake basins, Arctic Alaska: The Cryosphere, v. 8, p. 815-826, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-815-2014.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"815","endPage":"826","ipdsId":"IP-051116","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-815-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286890,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286886,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-815-2014"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -149.9132,70.0825 ], [ -149.9132,70.5707 ], [ -147.7664,70.5707 ], [ -147.7664,70.0825 ], [ -149.9132,70.0825 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5368a4d3e4b059f7e828830e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Lin","contributorId":92950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Lin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36342,"text":"Earth System Science Programme, Faculty of Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":493369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaefer, Kevin","contributorId":63323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gusmeroli, Alessio","contributorId":106003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gusmeroli","given":"Alessio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":101475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","affiliations":[{"id":34291,"text":"University of Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":493370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhang, Tinjun","contributorId":14742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Tinjun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Parsekian, Andrew","contributorId":21466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsekian","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zebker, Howard","contributorId":88072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zebker","given":"Howard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70115118,"text":"70115118 - 2014 - Late Paleozoic fusulinids from Sonora, Mexcio: importance for interpretation of depositional settings, biogeography, and paleotectonics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T09:58:06","indexId":"70115118","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-01T13:10:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3289,"text":"Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas","onlineIssn":"2007-2902","printIssn":"1026-8774","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Paleozoic fusulinids from Sonora, Mexcio: importance for interpretation of depositional settings, biogeography, and paleotectonics","docAbstract":"Three sets of fusulinid faunas in Sonora, Mexico, discussed herein, record different depositional and paleotectonic settings along the southwestern margin of Laurentia (North America) during Pennsylvanian and Permian time. The settings include: offshelf continental rise and ocean basin (Rancho Nuevo Formation in the Sonora allochthon), shallow continental shelf (La Cueva Limestone), and foredeep basin on the continental shelf (Mina México Formation). Our data represent 41 fusulinid collections from 23 localities with each locality providing one to eight collections.
Reworked fusulinids in the Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian part of the Rancho Nuevo Formation range in age from Desmoinesian into Virgilian (Moscovian-Gzhelian). Indigenous Permian fusulinids in the La Cueva Limestone range in age from middle or late Wolfcampian to middle Leonardian (late Sakmarian-late Artinskian), and reworked Permian fusulinids in the Mina México Formation range in age from early to middle Leonardian (middle-late Artinskian). Conodonts of Guadalupian age occur in some turbidites in the Mina México Formation, indicating the youngest foredeep deposit is at least Middle Permian in age. Our fusulinid collections indicate a hiatus of at least 10 m.y. between the youngest Pennsylvanian (Virgilian) rocks in the Sonora allochthon and the oldest Permian (middle Wolfcampian) rocks in the region.
Most fusulinid faunas in Sonora show affinities to those of West Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona; however, some genera and species are similar to those in southeastern California. As most species are similar to those east of the southwest-trending Transcontinental arch in New Mexico and Arizona, this arch may have formed a barrier preventing large-scale migration and mixing of faunas between the southern shelf of Laurentia in northwestern Mexico and the western shelf in the southwestern United States.
The Sonora allochthon, consisting of pre-Permian (Lower Ordovician to Upper Pennsylvanian) deep-water continental-rise and ocean-basin rocks, was thrust northward 50–200 km over Permian and older shallow-water carbonate-shelf rocks and Permian deep-water foredeep rocks of southern Laurentia. As Triassic rocks unconformably overlie the Sonora allochthon, we conclude that terminal movement of the allochthon was in Late Permian time.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Autonomous University of Mexico, Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, Instituto Nacional de Geoquímica, Sociedad Mexicana de Paleontología","usgsCitation":"Stevens, C., Poole, F.G., and Amaya-Martinez, R., 2014, Late Paleozoic fusulinids from Sonora, Mexcio: importance for interpretation of depositional settings, biogeography, and paleotectonics: Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, v. 31, no. 1, p. 14-27.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"27","ipdsId":"IP-044690","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289326,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://rmcg.geociencias.unam.mx/revista/index.html"}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Sonora","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.7262,27.402 ], [ -112.7262,30.4937 ], [ -108.1985,30.4937 ], [ -108.1985,27.402 ], [ -112.7262,27.402 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b3d869e4b07c5f79a7f342","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Calvin H.","contributorId":59848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Calvin H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poole, Forrest G. 0000-0001-8487-0799 bpoole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8487-0799","contributorId":1543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poole","given":"Forrest","email":"bpoole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amaya-Martinez, Ricardo","contributorId":108405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amaya-Martinez","given":"Ricardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70157312,"text":"70157312 - 2014 - 40Ar/39Ar geochronological constraints on the formation of the Dayingezhuang gold deposit: New implications for timing and duration of hydrothermal activity in the Jiaodong gold province, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-23T11:58:28","indexId":"70157312","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-01T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1848,"text":"Gondwana Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"40Ar/39Ar geochronological constraints on the formation of the Dayingezhuang gold deposit: New implications for timing and duration of hydrothermal activity in the Jiaodong gold province, China","docAbstract":"China's largest gold resource is located in the highly endowed northwestern part of the Jiaodong gold province. Most gold deposits in this area are associated with the NE- to NNE-trending shear zones on the margins of the 130–126 Ma Guojialing granite. These deposits collectively formed at ca. 120 ± 5 Ma during rapid uplift of the granite. The Dayingezhuang deposit is a large (> 120 t Au) orogenic gold deposit in the same area, but located along the eastern margin of the Late Jurassic Linglong Metamorphic Core Complex. New 40Ar/39Ar geochronology on hydrothermal sericite and muscovite from the Dayingezhuang deposit indicate the gold event is related to evolution of the core complex at 130 ± 4 Ma and is the earliest important gold event that is well-documented in the province. The Dayingezhuang deposit occurs along the Linglong detachment fault, which defines the eastern edge of the ca. 160–150 Ma Linglong granite–granodiorite massif. The anatectic rocks of the massif were rapidly uplifted, at rates of at least 1 km/m.y. from depths of 25–30 km, to form the metamorphic core complex. The detachment fault, with Precambrian metamorphic basement rocks in the hangingwall and the Linglong granitoids and migmatites in the footwall, is characterized by early mylonitization and a local brittle overprinting in the footwall. Gold is associated with quartz–sericite–pyrite–K-feldspar altered footwall cataclasites at the southernmost area of the brittle deformation along the detachment fault. Our results indicate that there were two successive, yet distinct gold-forming tectonic episodes in northwestern Jiaodong. One event first reactivated the detachment fault along the edge of the Linglong massif between 134 and 126 Ma, and then a second reactivated the shears along the margins of the Guojialing granite. Both events may relate to a component of northwest compression after a middle Early Cretaceous shift from regional NW–SE extension to a NE–SW extensional regime.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Gondwana Research","publisherLocation":"Osaka, Japan","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2013.07.001","usgsCitation":"Yang, L., Deng, J., Goldfarb, R.J., Zhang, J., Gao, B., and Wang, Z., 2014, 40Ar/39Ar geochronological constraints on the formation of the Dayingezhuang gold deposit: New implications for timing and duration of hydrothermal activity in the Jiaodong gold province, China: Gondwana Research, v. 25, no. 4, p. 1469-1483, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2013.07.001.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1469","endPage":"1483","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042834","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2013.07.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":308444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5603cd2ce4b03bc34f544ae8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, Li-Qiang","contributorId":147906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Li-Qiang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deng, J.","contributorId":11360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deng","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":572666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, Jiahua","contributorId":35479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Jiahua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gao, Bang-Fei","contributorId":147907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gao","given":"Bang-Fei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, Zhong-Liang","contributorId":147908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Zhong-Liang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70123166,"text":"70123166 - 2014 - Mercury in the national parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T15:49:53","indexId":"70123166","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-01T10:46:18","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3561,"text":"The George Wright Forum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in the national parks","docAbstract":"One thing is certain: Even for trained researchers, predicting mercury’s behavior in the \nenvironment is challenging. Fundamentally it is one of 98 naturally occurring elements, with \nnatural sources, such as volcanoes, and concentrated ore deposits, such as cinnabar. Yet there \nare also human-caused sources, such as emissions from both coal-burning power plants and \nmining operations for gold and silver. There are elemental forms, inorganic or organic forms, \nreactive and unreactive species. Mercury is emitted, then deposited, then re-emitted—thus \nearning its mercurial reputation. Most importantly, however, it is ultimately transferred into \nfood chains through processes fueled by tiny microscopic creatures: bacteria.","language":"English","publisher":"George Wright Society","publisherLocation":"Hancock, MI","usgsCitation":"Pritz, C.F., Eagles-Smith, C.A., and Krabbenhoft, D., 2014, Mercury in the national parks: The George Wright Forum, v. 31, no. 2, p. 168-180.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"168","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-056652","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a74fbe4b01535cb427917","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pritz, Colleen Flanagan","contributorId":67422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pritz","given":"Colleen","email":"","middleInitial":"Flanagan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David","contributorId":92538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70141793,"text":"70141793 - 2014 - Eel River margin source-to-sink sediment budgets: revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-20T13:32:09","indexId":"70141793","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eel River margin source-to-sink sediment budgets: revisited","docAbstract":"The Eel River coastal margin has been used as a representative source-to-sink sediment dispersal system owing to its steep, high-sediment yield river and the formation of sedimentary strata on its continental shelf. One finding of previous studies is that the adjacent continental shelf retains only ~25% of the Eel River fine-grained sediment (less than 63 μm) discharged over time scales of both individual floods and the 20th century, thus suggesting that the Eel shelf trapping-efficiency is uniquely lower than other similar systems. Here I provide data and analyses showing that sediment discharge relationships in the Eel River have varied strongly with time and include substantial decreases in suspended-sediment concentrations during the latter 20th century. Including these trends in margin-wide sediment budgets, I show that previous Eel River sediment discharge rates were overestimated by a factor of two. Thus, revised sediment budgets shown here reveal that the Eel shelf retained ~50% of the discharged river fine-grained suspended sediment during intensively sampled events of 1995–97 and over the 20th century. In light of this, hypotheses about high rates of sediment export away from the primary shelf depocenter should be reevaluated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2014.03.008","usgsCitation":"Warrick, J., 2014, Eel River margin source-to-sink sediment budgets: revisited: Marine Geology, v. 351, p. 25-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2014.03.008.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052462","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473016,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2014.03.008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298086,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Eel River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.30755615234375,\n 40.6639728763869\n ],\n [\n -124.1510009765625,\n 40.617079816381285\n ],\n [\n -124.13177490234375,\n 40.52423878069866\n ],\n [\n -124.07821655273436,\n 40.509622849596695\n ],\n [\n -124.07409667968749,\n 40.48247052458949\n ],\n [\n -123.97384643554688,\n 40.46680072360456\n ],\n [\n -123.91891479492186,\n 40.42917828232078\n ],\n [\n -123.75411987304688,\n 40.324561023141236\n ],\n [\n -123.63327026367188,\n 40.233411907115055\n ],\n [\n -123.63327026367188,\n 40.175725518346916\n ],\n [\n -123.77883911132811,\n 40.2973339321302\n ],\n [\n -123.92166137695311,\n 40.32560799973207\n ],\n [\n -123.95599365234375,\n 40.395718433470364\n ],\n [\n -124.11392211914062,\n 40.452172276813535\n ],\n [\n -124.17022705078124,\n 40.50544628405211\n ],\n [\n -124.17709350585938,\n 40.575369444618396\n ],\n [\n -124.32678222656249,\n 40.63167229840464\n ],\n [\n -124.30755615234375,\n 40.6639728763869\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"351","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54ec5d40e4b02d776a67daa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814 jwarrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":139314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan A.","email":"jwarrick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70170483,"text":"70170483 - 2014 - Cycles of explosive and effusive eruptions at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T07:55:48","indexId":"70170483","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cycles of explosive and effusive eruptions at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","docAbstract":"The subaerial eruptive activity at Kīlauea Volcano (Hawai‘i) for the past 2500 yr can be divided into 3 dominantly effusive and 2 dominantly explosive periods, each lasting several centuries. The prevailing style of eruption for 60% of this time was explosive, manifested by repeated phreatic and phreatomagmatic activity in a deep summit caldera. During dominantly explosive periods, the magma supply rate to the shallow storage volume beneath the summit dropped to only a few percent of that during mainly effusive periods. The frequency and duration of explosive activity are contrary to the popular impression that Kīlauea is almost unceasingly effusive. Explosive activity apparently correlates with the presence of a caldera intersecting the water table. The decrease in magma supply rate may result in caldera collapse, because erupted or intruded magma is not replaced. Glasses with unusually high MgO, TiO2, and K2O compositions occur only in explosive tephra (and one related lava flow) and are consistent with disruption of the shallow reservoir complex during caldera formation. Kīlauea is a complex, modulated system in which melting rate, supply rate, conduit stability (in both mantle and crust), reservoir geometry, water table, and many other factors interact with one another. The hazards associated with explosive activity at Kīlauea’s summit would have major impact on local society if a future dominantly explosive period were to last several centuries. The association of lowered magma supply, caldera formation, and explosive activity might characterize other basaltic volcanoes, but has not been recognized.
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Rates of bear mortality and bear/human conflicts have been inversely associated with WBP productivity. Recently, mountain pine beetles (Dendroctonus ponderosae) have killed many cone-producing WBP trees. We used fall (15 August–30 September) Global Positioning System locations from 89 bear years to investigate temporal changes in habitat use and movements during 2000–2011. We calculated Manly–Chesson (MC) indices for selectivity of WBP habitat and secure habitat (≥500 m from roads and human developments), determined dates of WBP use, and documented net daily movement distances and activity radii. To evaluate temporal trends, we used regression, model selection, and candidate model sets consisting of annual WBP production, sex, and year. One-third of sampled grizzly bears had fall ranges with little or no mapped WBP habitat. Most other bears (72%) had a MC index above 0.5, indicating selection for WBP habitats. 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