Deep aseismic roots of faults play a critical role in transferring tectonic loads to shallower, brittle crustal faults that rupture in large earthquakes. Yet, until the recent discovery of deep tremor and creep, direct inference of the physical properties of lower-crustal fault roots has remained elusive. Observations of tremor near Parkfield, CA provide the first evidence for present-day localized slip on the deep extension of the San Andreas Fault and triggered transient creep events. We develop numerical simulations of fault slip to show that the spatiotemporal evolution of triggered tremor near Parkfield is consistent with triggered fault creep governed by laboratory-derived friction laws between depths of 20–35 km on the fault. Simulated creep and observed tremor northwest of Parkfield nearly ceased for 20–30 days in response to small coseismic stress changes of order 104 Pa from the 2003 M6.5 San Simeon Earthquake. Simulated afterslip and observed tremor following the 2004 M6.0 Parkfield earthquake show a coseismically induced pulse of rapid creep and tremor lasting for 1 day followed by a longer 30 day period of sustained accelerated rates due to propagation of shallow afterslip into the lower crust. These creep responses require very low effective normal stress of ~1 MPa on the deep San Andreas Fault and near-neutral-stability frictional properties expected for gabbroic lower-crustal rock.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/grl.50216","usgsCitation":"Shelly, D.R., Bradley, A.M., and Johnson, K.M., 2013, Simulations of tremor-related creep reveal a weak crustal root of the San Andreas Fault: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 40, no. 7, p. 1300-1305, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50216.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1300","endPage":"1305","ipdsId":"IP-044018","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50216","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340067,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -119.6666,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -119.6666,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58fb1a50e4b0c3010a8087db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, Andrew M.","contributorId":191196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bradley","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Kaj M.","contributorId":92526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kaj","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70045399,"text":"cir1383A - 2013 - U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Science Strategy—A Framework for Understanding and Responding to Global Change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-23T21:18:35.601132","indexId":"cir1383A","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-15T17:35:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1383","chapter":"A","displayTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey climate and land use change science strategy—A framework for understanding and responding to global change","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Science Strategy—A Framework for Understanding and Responding to Global Change","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), a nonregulatory Federal science agency with national scope and responsibilities, is uniquely positioned to serve the Nation’s needs in understanding and responding to global change, including changes in climate, water availability, sea level, land use and land cover, ecosystems, and global biogeochemical cycles. Global change is among the most challenging and formidable issues confronting our Nation and society. Scientists agree that global environmental changes during this century will have far-reaching societal implications (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007; U.S. Global Change Research Program, 2009). In the face of these challenges, the Nation can benefit greatly by using natural science information in decisionmaking.
Since the passage of the U.S. Global Change Research Act of 1990, the USGS has made substantial scientific contributions to understanding the interactive living and nonliving components of the Earth system. USGS natural science activities have led to fundamental advances in observing and understanding climate and land-cover change and the effects these changes have on ecosystems, natural-resource availability, and societal sustainability. Most of these major advances were pursued in partnership with other organizations within and outside the Department of the Interior. The inherent value of partnerships with other U.S. Global Change Research Program agencies and natural-resource managers is emphasized in all aspects of the planning and implementation of this Science Strategy for the coming decade.
Over the next 10 years, the USGS will make substantial contributions to understanding how Earth systems interact, respond to, and cause global change. The USGS will work with science partners, decisionmakers, and resource managers at local to international levels (including Native American tribes) to improve understanding of past and present change; develop relevant forecasts; and identify those lands, resources, and communities most vulnerable to global change processes. Science will play an essential role in helping communities and land and resource managers understand local to global implications, anticipate effects, prepare for changes, and reduce the risks associated with decisionmaking in a changing environment. USGS partners and stakeholders will benefit from the data, predictive models, and decision-support products and services resulting from the implementation of this strategy.
This Science Strategy recognizes core USGS strengths that are applied to key societal problems. It establishes seven goals for USGS global change science and strategic actions that may be implemented in the short term (1–5 years) and the longer term (5–10 years) to improve our understanding of the following areas of inquiry:
In addition to the seven thematic goals, we address the central role of monitoring in accordance with the USGS Science Strategy recommendation that global change research should rely on existing “…decades of observational data and long-term records to interpret consequences of climate variability and change to the Nation’s biological populations, ecosystems, and land and water resources” (U.S. Geological Survey, 2007, p. 19). We also briefly describe specific needs and opportunities for coordinating USGS global change science among USGS Mission Areas and address the need for a comprehensive and sustained communications strategy.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1383A","usgsCitation":"Burkett, V.R., Kirtland, D.A., Taylor, I.L., Belnap, Jayne, Cronin, T.M., Dettinger, M.D., Frazier, E.L., Haines, J.W., Loveland, T.R., Milly, P.C.D., O’Malley, Robin, Thompson, R.S., Maule, A.G., McMahon, Gerard, and Striegl, R.G., 2013, U.S. Geological Survey climate and land use change science strategy—A framework for understanding and responding to global change: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1383–A, 43 p.","productDescription":"viii, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270884,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1383a/images/coverthb.gif"},{"id":270883,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1383a/circ1383-A.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1383-A"}],"country":"United States","contact":"Land Resources
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Lamprey populations are in decline worldwide and the status of Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) is a topic of current interest. They and other lamprey species cycle nutrients and serve as prey in riverine ecosystems. To determine the current distribution of Pacific lamprey in major watersheds flowing into Puget Sound, Washington, we sampled lamprey captured during salmonid smolt monitoring that occurred from late winter to mid-summer. We found Pacific lamprey in 12 of 18 watersheds and they were most common in southern Puget Sound watersheds and in watersheds draining western Puget Sound (Hood Canal). Two additional species, western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni) and river lamprey (L. ayresii) were more common in eastern Puget Sound watersheds. Few Pacific lamprey macrophthalmia were found, suggesting that the majority of juveniles migrated seaward during other time periods. In addition, “dwarf” adult Pacific lamprey (< 300 mm) were observed in several watersheds and may represent an alternate life history for some Puget Sound populations. Based on genetic data, the use of visual techniques to identify lamprey ammocoetes as Entosphenus or Lampetra was successful for 97% (34 of 35) of the samples we evaluated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Scientific Association","doi":"10.3955/046.087.0202","usgsCitation":"Hayes, M.C., Hays, R., Rubin, S.P., Chase, D., Hallock, M., Cook-Tabor, C., Luzier, C.W., and Moser, M., 2013, Distribution of Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus in watersheds of Puget Sound Based on smolt monitoring data: Northwest Science, v. 87, no. 2, p. 95-105, https://doi.org/10.3955/046.087.0202.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"105","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040130","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270873,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.7513,47.7495 ], [ -122.7513,48.2117 ], [ -122.3315,48.2117 ], [ -122.3315,47.7495 ], [ -122.7513,47.7495 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"87","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5580e4b0b290850f6571","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Michael C. 0000-0002-9060-0565 mhayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0565","contributorId":3017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Michael","email":"mhayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hays, Richard","contributorId":59320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chase, Dorothy M.","contributorId":59319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Dorothy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hallock, Molly","contributorId":24251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallock","given":"Molly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cook-Tabor, Carrie","contributorId":31649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook-Tabor","given":"Carrie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luzier, Christina W.","contributorId":37616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luzier","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Moser, Mary L.","contributorId":83412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"Mary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70155850,"text":"70155850 - 2013 - Transport of nitrate in the Mississippi river in July-August 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-15T16:26:10.683103","indexId":"70155850","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":791,"text":"Annals of Environmental Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of nitrate in the Mississippi river in July-August 1999","docAbstract":"Lagrangian sampling was conducted on the Mississippi River in late July through early August 1999 to test the hypothesis that nitrate (NO3-) is transported conservatively in the Mississippi River. Three different approaches were pursued to test the hypothesis: (1) a mass balance for NO3- was evaluated for evidence of net gains and losses, (2) stable isotopes of NO3- were measured (δ15N and δ18O) to determine if fractionation occurred, and (3) the concentrations of dissolved gases (N2O, N2 and Ar) in river water were measured and compared to theoretical equilibrium concentrations. Integrated water samples and flow measurements were obtained at 10 sites on the Mississippi River and 7 sites near the mouths of major tributaries from northern Iowa to southern Louisiana, a distance of about 2,250 river kilometers. Mass balance calculations indicate that more than 80 percent of the NO3- mass discharged from the Mississippi River (1,930 metric tons/day) during the study period originated in the first 500 river kilometers of the study reach. The mass balance calculations also indicate that NO3- was not lost from the water column upstream of Vicksburg, MS, but that there might have been some loss of NO3- in the lower 700 kilometers of the study reach. The stable isotope ratios of N and O (δ15N and δ18O) of NO3- were consistent with mixing and transport in the absence of fractionating gains or losses. The concentrations of nitrogen (N2) and argon (Ar) dissolved in river water decreased in the downstream direction, approximately in equilibrium with air at increasing temperatures, giving no evidence of gains or losses of N2 by nitrogen fixation or denitrification. Nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations in the Mississippi River were approximately 26 to 200 percent of air saturation, indicating relatively low net production by combination of nitrification and denitrification. Results from this study indicate that most (>90%) of the NO3- that entered the Mississippi River during July-August 1999 was transported to the Gulf of Mexico.
","language":"English","publisher":"Annals of Environmental Science","usgsCitation":"Coupe, R.H., Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W.A., Bohlke, J.K., McMahon, P.B., and Kendall, C., 2013, Transport of nitrate in the Mississippi river in July-August 1999: Annals of Environmental Science, v. 7, p. 31-46.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010231","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306874,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":306873,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2047/d20003062","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.74107915560967,\n 41.94696125124591\n ],\n [\n -90.7247111159534,\n 41.94782148065562\n ],\n [\n -92.21696687481273,\n 39.898696263591006\n ],\n [\n -90.62290688578673,\n 38.18884247832648\n ],\n [\n -89.55848774360221,\n 36.75978734815499\n ],\n [\n -91.35296698175478,\n 33.76126564353096\n ],\n [\n -91.39188011203447,\n 32.40871313340536\n ],\n [\n -92.00579094724804,\n 30.85436612286776\n ],\n [\n -89.04835434968044,\n 28.623578464133914\n ],\n [\n -88.77080814875106,\n 29.387440439736736\n ],\n [\n -90.78196226746519,\n 31.21911889670217\n ],\n [\n -90.15117747861228,\n 33.59436165469742\n ],\n [\n -88.49486393764408,\n 36.833375630685424\n ],\n [\n -89.58934752888702,\n 38.61451749276728\n ],\n [\n -90.49047617261863,\n 40.23407516171034\n ],\n [\n -89.74167750349469,\n 41.9024859627813\n ],\n [\n -89.74107915560967,\n 41.94696125124591\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d45736e4b0518e35469506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, Donald A.","contributorId":46083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bohlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":127841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"John","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Karl","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":566601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70045392,"text":"70045392 - 2013 - Immunological and reproductive health assessment in herring gulls and black-crowned night herons in the Hudson–Raritan Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T14:25:29","indexId":"70045392","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Immunological and reproductive health assessment in herring gulls and black-crowned night herons in the Hudson–Raritan Estuary","docAbstract":"Previous studies have shown inexplicable declines in breeding waterbirds within western New York/New Jersey Harbor between 1996 and 2002 and elevated polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs. The present study assessed associations between immune function, prefledgling survival, and selected organochlorine compounds and metals in herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and black-crowned night herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) in lower New York Harbor during 2003. In pipping gull embryos, lymphoid cells were counted in the thymus and bursa of Fabricius (sites of T and B lymphocyte maturation, respectively). The phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin response assessed T cell function in gull and heron chicks. Lymphocyte proliferation was measured in vitro in adult and prefledgling gulls. Reference data came from the Great Lakes and Bay of Fundy. Survival of prefledgling gulls was poor, with only 0.68 and 0.5 chicks per nest surviving to three and four weeks after hatch, respectively. Developing lymphoid cells were reduced 51% in the thymus and 42% in the bursa of gull embryos from New York Harbor. In vitro lymphocyte assays demonstrated reduced spontaneous proliferation, reduced T cell mitogen-induced proliferation, and increased B cell mitogen-induced proliferation in gull chicks from New York Harbor. The PHA skin response was suppressed 70 to 80% in gull and heron chicks. Strong negative correlations (r = –0.95 to –0.98) between the PHA response and dioxins and PCBs in gull livers was strong evidence suggesting that these chemicals contribute significantly to immunosuppression in New York Harbor waterbirds.
","publisher":"SETAC","publisherLocation":"Brussels, Belgium","doi":"10.1002/etc.2089","usgsCitation":"Grasman, K.A., Echols, K.R., May, T.M., Peterman, P.H., Gale, R.W., and Orazio, C.E., 2013, Immunological and reproductive health assessment in herring gulls and black-crowned night herons in the Hudson–Raritan Estuary: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 32, no. 3, p. 548-561, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2089.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"548","endPage":"561","ipdsId":"IP-019715","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2089","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.5598,38.9286 ], [ -75.5598,42.1524 ], [ -71.7711,42.1524 ], [ -71.7711,38.9286 ], [ -75.5598,38.9286 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6208e4b0b290850fde8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grasman, Keith A.","contributorId":18660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grasman","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Echols, Kathy R. 0000-0003-2631-9143 kechols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-9143","contributorId":2799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"Kathy","email":"kechols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, Thomas M. tmay@usgs.gov","contributorId":75050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Thomas","email":"tmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterman, Paul H. ppeterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Paul","email":"ppeterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gale, Robert W. 0000-0002-8533-141X rgale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-141X","contributorId":2808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"Robert","email":"rgale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Orazio, Carl E. 0000-0002-2532-9668 corazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-9668","contributorId":1366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orazio","given":"Carl","email":"corazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70156584,"text":"70156584 - 2013 - Delineation of fractures, foliation, and groundwater-flow zones of the bedrock at the Harlem River Tunnel in northern New York County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T19:21:19.951485","indexId":"70156584","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Delineation of fractures, foliation, and groundwater-flow zones of the bedrock at the Harlem River Tunnel in northern New York County, New York","docAbstract":"Advanced borehole-geophysical methods were used to investigate the hydrogeology of the crystalline bedrock in 36 boreholes on the northernmost part of New York County, New York, for the construction of a utilities tunnel beneath the Harlem River. The borehole-logging techniques were used to delineate bedrock fractures, foliation, and groundwater-flow zones in test boreholes at the site. Fracture indexes of the deep boreholes ranged from 0.65 to 0.76 per foot. Most of the fracture populations had either northwest to southwest or east to southeast dip azimuths with moderate dip angles. The mean foliation dip azimuth ranged from 100º to 124º southeast with dip angles of 52º to 60º. Groundwater appears to flow through an interconnected network of fractures that are affected by tidal variations from the nearby Harlem River and tunnel construction dewatering operations. The transmissivities of the 3 boreholes tested (USGS-1, USGS-3, and USGS-4), calculated from specific capacity data, were 2, 48, and 30 feet squared per day (ft2/d), respectively. The highest transmissivities were observed in wells north and west of the secant ring. Three borehole-radar velocity tomograms were collected. In the USGS-1 and USGS-4 velocity tomogram there are two areas of low radar velocity. The first is at the top of the tomogram and runs from 105 ft below land surface (BLS) at USGS-4 and extends to 125 ft BLS at USGS-1, the second area is centered at a depth of 150 ft BLS at USGS-1 and 135 to 150 ft BLS at USGS-4. Field measurements of specific conductance of 14 boreholes under ambient conditions at the site indicate an increase in conductivity toward the southwest part of the site (nearest the Harlem River). Specific conductance ranged from 107 microsiemens per centimeter (μS/cm) (borehole 63C) to 11,000 μS/cm (borehole 79B). The secant boreholes had the highest specific conductance.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"20th Conference on the geology of Long Island and metropolitan New York","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"20th Conference on the Geology of Long Island and Metropolitan New York","conferenceDate":"April 13, 2013","conferenceLocation":"Stony Brook, New York, United States","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Stumm, F., Chu, A., Joesten, P.K., Noll, M.L., and Como, M.D., 2013, Delineation of fractures, foliation, and groundwater-flow zones of the bedrock at the Harlem River Tunnel in northern New York County, New York, in 20th Conference on the geology of Long Island and metropolitan New York, Stony Brook, New York, United States, April 13, 2013, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Harlem River Tunnel","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.91962970636514,\n 40.87368620296553\n ],\n [\n -73.9184101328308,\n 40.87295613540937\n ],\n [\n -73.91099106049475,\n 40.869901291739524\n ],\n [\n -73.90847569007956,\n 40.86920960945341\n ],\n [\n -73.90677336868755,\n 40.87334038249534\n ],\n [\n -73.90621439748416,\n 40.87476207732257\n ],\n [\n -73.90629062082988,\n 40.87649112448045\n ],\n [\n -73.90662092199535,\n 40.87668323804374\n ],\n [\n -73.90710366985304,\n 40.87741326449918\n ],\n [\n -73.90796753443999,\n 40.87823933735811\n ],\n [\n -73.90875517568126,\n 40.878796450442564\n ],\n [\n -73.91035586594568,\n 40.880121976516676\n ],\n [\n -73.91063535154734,\n 40.880544602437624\n ],\n [\n -73.91142299278862,\n 40.8801796074828\n ],\n [\n -73.91236308072129,\n 40.87933434828133\n ],\n [\n -73.9140399943314,\n 40.87833539167303\n ],\n [\n -73.91536119899413,\n 40.87795117357837\n ],\n [\n -73.91607261688893,\n 40.87800880643462\n ],\n [\n -73.91663158809229,\n 40.87785511870598\n ],\n [\n -73.91785116162741,\n 40.87725957538848\n ],\n [\n -73.91787656940933,\n 40.8762797989169\n ],\n [\n -73.91919777407206,\n 40.8746852297337\n ],\n [\n -73.91962970636514,\n 40.87368620296553\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dc402de4b0518e354d10e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stumm, Frederick 0000-0002-5388-8811 fstumm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-8811","contributorId":1077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumm","given":"Frederick","email":"fstumm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chu, Anthony 0000-0001-8623-2862 achu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8623-2862","contributorId":2517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"Anthony","email":"achu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joesten, Peter K. pjoesten@usgs.gov","contributorId":1929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"Peter","email":"pjoesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noll, Michael L. 0000-0003-2050-3134 mnoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2050-3134","contributorId":4652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noll","given":"Michael","email":"mnoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Como, Michael D. 0000-0002-7911-5390 mcomo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7911-5390","contributorId":4651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Como","given":"Michael","email":"mcomo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70045384,"text":"ofr20131083 - 2013 - Louisiana Barrier Island Comprehensive Monitoring (BICM) Program Summary Report: Data and Analyses 2006 through 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T13:18:14.881422","indexId":"ofr20131083","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1083","title":"Louisiana Barrier Island Comprehensive Monitoring (BICM) Program Summary Report: Data and Analyses 2006 through 2010","docAbstract":"The Barrier Island Comprehensive Monitoring (BICM) program was implemented under the Louisiana Coastal Area Science and Technology (LCA S&T) office as a component of the System Wide Assessment and Monitoring (SWAMP) program. The BICM project was developed by the State of Louisiana (Coastal Protection Restoration Authority [CPRA], formerly Department of Natural Resources [DNR]) to complement other Louisiana coastal monitoring programs such as the Coastwide Reference Monitoring System-Wetlands (CRMS-Wetlands) and was a collaborative research effort by CPRA, University of New Orleans (UNO), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The goal of the BICM program was to provide long-term data on the barrier islands of Louisiana that could be used to plan, design, evaluate, and maintain current and future barrier-island restoration projects. The BICM program used both historical and newly acquired (2006 to 2010) data to assess and monitor changes in the aerial and subaqueous extent of islands, habitat types, sediment texture and geotechnical properties, environmental processes, and vegetation composition. BICM datasets included aerial still and video photography (multiple time series) for shoreline positions, habitat mapping, and land loss; light detection and ranging (lidar) surveys for topographic elevations; single-beam and swath bathymetry; and sediment grab samples. Products produced using BICM data and analyses included (but were not limited to) storm-impact assessments, rate of shoreline and bathymetric change, shoreline-erosion and accretion maps, high-resolution elevation maps, coastal-shoreline and barrier-island habitat-classification maps, and coastal surficial-sediment characterization maps. Discussions in this report summarize the extensive data-collection efforts and present brief interpretive analyses for four coastal Louisiana geographic regions. In addition, several coastal-wide and topical themes were selected that integrate the data and analyses within a broader coastal context: (1) barrier-shoreline evolution driven by rapid relative sea-level rise (RSLR), (2) hurricane impacts to the Chandeleur Islands and likelihood of island recovery, (3) impact of tropical storms on barrier shorelines, (4) Barataria Bay tidal-inlet management, and (5) habitat changes related to RSLR. The final theme addresses potential future goals of the BICM program, including rotational annual to semi-decadal monitoring, proposed new-data collection, how to incorporate technological advances with previous data-collection and monitoring protocols, and standardizing methods and quality-control assessments for continued coastal monitoring and restoration.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131083","usgsCitation":"Kindinger, J.L., Buster, N.A., Flocks, J.G., Bernier, J., and Kulp, M., 2013, Louisiana Barrier Island Comprehensive Monitoring (BICM) Program Summary Report: Data and Analyses 2006 through 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1083, xii, 86 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131083.","productDescription":"xii, 86 p.","numberOfPages":"100","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270851,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131083.gif"},{"id":270850,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1083/pdf/ofr2013-1083.pdf"},{"id":270849,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1083/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Acadiana Bays, Chenier Plain, Mississippi River Delta Plain, Pontchartrain Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.72283095158805,\n 30.195489802441173\n ],\n [\n -93.92316014269579,\n 29.80663794050693\n ],\n [\n -93.81263369242943,\n 29.65667474997356\n ],\n [\n -93.63993611388814,\n 29.710687319156023\n ],\n [\n -93.17710660339773,\n 29.698687034477473\n ],\n [\n -92.28598709812483,\n 29.46439536022504\n ],\n [\n -91.33269646457647,\n 29.17529191430168\n ],\n [\n -90.31032679961224,\n 29.024393407178422\n ],\n [\n -89.43302310062232,\n 28.861174998204078\n ],\n [\n -88.97710149327335,\n 29.07270499115147\n ],\n [\n -89.23269390951455,\n 30.093937319227948\n ],\n [\n -89.58499696973861,\n 30.159659686308487\n ],\n [\n -89.65407600115556,\n 30.35656389863381\n ],\n [\n -90.14453712421245,\n 30.511422052760707\n ],\n [\n -90.60045873156137,\n 30.350602907818654\n ],\n [\n -90.83532743837759,\n 29.632659850727023\n ],\n [\n -91.0701961451938,\n 29.95039138912159\n ],\n [\n -91.82315758763387,\n 30.14771341947055\n ],\n [\n -92.12710532586651,\n 30.046111770642014\n ],\n [\n -93.1011196688393,\n 30.195489802441173\n ],\n [\n -93.72283095158805,\n 30.195489802441173\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6505e4b0b290850ffd46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L. jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buster, Noreen A. 0000-0001-5069-9284 nbuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5069-9284","contributorId":3750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buster","given":"Noreen","email":"nbuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bernier, Julie 0000-0002-9918-5353 jbernier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-5353","contributorId":3549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernier","given":"Julie","email":"jbernier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kulp, Mark A.","contributorId":16113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"Mark A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70045385,"text":"ofr20111127 - 2013 - Construction of a 3-arcsecond digital elevation model for the Gulf of Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-22T14:13:35.002513","indexId":"ofr20111127","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1127","title":"Construction of a 3-arcsecond digital elevation model for the Gulf of Maine","docAbstract":"A system-wide description of the seafloor topography is a basic requirement for most coastal oceanographic studies. The necessary detail of the topography obviously varies with application, but for many uses, a nominal resolution of roughly 100 m is sufficient. Creating a digital bathymetric grid with this level of resolution can be a complex procedure due to a multiplicity of data sources, data coverages, datums and interpolation procedures. This report documents the procedures used to construct a 3-arcsecond (approximately 90-meter grid cell size) digital elevation model for the Gulf of Maine (71°30' to 63° W, 39°30' to 46° N). We obtained elevation and bathymetric data from a variety of American and Canadian sources, converted all data to the North American Datum of 1983 for horizontal coordinates and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 for vertical coordinates, used a combination of automatic and manual techniques for quality control, and interpolated gaps using a surface-fitting routine.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111127","usgsCitation":"Twomey, E.R., and Signell, R.P., 2013, Construction of a 3-arcsecond digital elevation model for the Gulf of Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1127, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111127.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20111127.bmp"},{"id":270854,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1127/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":270855,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1127/titlepage.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.5,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -71.5,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -63,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -63,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -71.5,\n 46\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd52a0e4b0b290850f4a33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twomey, Erin R.","contributorId":44860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twomey","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Signell, Richard P. rsignell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045398,"text":"ds758 - 2013 - Digital database of the Holocene tephras of the Mono-Inyo Craters, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-12T21:41:14","indexId":"ds758","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"758","title":"Digital database of the Holocene tephras of the Mono-Inyo Craters, California","docAbstract":"This digital product comprises a collection of age and isopach data for the Holocene tephras of the Mono-Inyo Craters, California. Data on the most recent eruptions from this volcanic chain are relatively comprehensive, getting less so the further back in time. For the most recent eruptions to about 1,500 years ago, tephra beds within separate eruptive sequences have been studied and isopached. Before this, from about 2,000 years ago to about 5,000 years ago, there are insufficient data for isopaching. However, one isolated tephra of about 9,000 years ago was studied and isopached in detail.\n\nRegarding ages, there are many tens of radiocarbon ages that have been obtained on the Holocene Mono-Inyo volcanic products. The vast majority of these radiocarbon dates are associated with tephras at locales that can be considered distal (basically where the primary tephra is less than several centimeters (cm) thick). These dates represent carbon that was sequestered perhaps within several hundred years of the eruption but do not represent the ages of separate eruptive pulses. There are two reasons for this. In some cases, it is clear that the dated material is not associated with the eruption products. This is the case in some lake strata where carbon is either not physically close to a given tephra layer or where an age for a tephra layer was obtained by interpolation assuming a sedimentation rate. In other cases, it is not clear that a given tephra layer represents a primary tephra; in such cases the layer could instead be redeposited. At most distal localities (beyond about 5 kilometers (km) from the chain), there was no record made of whether tephra was primary or redeposited, and at these distances where tephra is thin, it is generally redeposited during later events such as fires or thunderstorms. These age data are not appropriate for use in dating the eruptive history of the volcanic chain, and are therefore not included in the present contribution.\n\nThe carbon age data in the present contribution were obtained by careful consideration of the material being collected. In the best instances, carbon was collected from new growth on plants that were probably killed by an eruption event through burning and burial. Slightly poorer data were collected from burned and buried forest duff that is renewed frequently. Finally, some dates for older Holocene tephra layers at Black Lake, Nevada, downwind of the Mono-Inyo Craters, appear to allow correlation of the layers to proximal occurrences. In cases where these poorer data were collected but yielded ages statistically indistinguishable from better data, the poorer data were included in the analysis. In the most difficult cases, usually the furthest back in time, poorer data that were nevertheless statistically indistinguishable were weighted together to generate the age estimate.\n\nThere are some known Holocene eruptions from the Mono-Inyo Craters that are not included in this tabulation, as so far a tephra has not been associated with the eruptions. A good example of this is the Java blocks. The Java block eruption, from a vent underlying the northwestern corner of Negit Island in Mono Lake, expelled numerous blocks that were rafted within the lake and that are mostly deposited on the southwestern and northern lakeshore. No tephra that can be correlated to this deposit has been found, and therefore the eruption is not included in this tabulation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds758","usgsCitation":"Bursik, M., and Sieh, K., 2013, Digital database of the Holocene tephras of the Mono-Inyo Craters, California: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 758, iv, 6 p.; Data Table; All Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds758.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.; Data Table; All Data","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270871,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds758.gif"},{"id":270867,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/758/"},{"id":270870,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/758/data/1_all_data.zip"},{"id":270868,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/758/ds758_text.pdf"},{"id":270869,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/758/data/monoinyodates.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mono-inyo Craters","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42.0 ], [ -114.0,42.0 ], [ -114.0,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd54f9e4b0b290850f6109","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bursik, Marcus","contributorId":36030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bursik","given":"Marcus","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sieh, Kerry","contributorId":103945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sieh","given":"Kerry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047219,"text":"70047219 - 2013 - Thermal sensitivity of immune function: evidence against a generalist-specialist trade-off among endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T14:47:00","indexId":"70047219","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-11T14:39:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":740,"text":"American Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal sensitivity of immune function: evidence against a generalist-specialist trade-off among endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates","docAbstract":"Animal body temperature (Tbody) varies over daily and annual cycles, affecting multiple aspects of biological performance in both endothermic and ectothermic animals. Yet a comprehensive comparison of thermal performance among animals varying in Tbody (mean and variance) and heat production is lacking. Thus, we examined the thermal sensitivity of immune function (a crucial fitness determinant) in Vertebrata, a group encompassing species of varying thermal biology. Specifically, we investigated temperature-related variation in two innate immune performance metrics, hemagglutination and hemolysis, for 13 species across all seven major vertebrate clades. Agglutination and lysis were temperature dependent and were more strongly related to the thermal biology of species (e.g., mean Tbody) than to the phylogenetic relatedness of species, although these relationships were complex and frequently surprising (e.g., heterotherms did not exhibit broader thermal performance curves than homeotherms). Agglutination and lysis performance were positively correlated within species, except in taxa that produce squalamine, a steroidal antibiotic that does not lyse red blood cells. Interestingly, we found the antithesis of a generalist-specialist trade-off: species with broader temperature ranges of immune performance also had higher peak performance levels. In sum, we have uncovered thermal sensitivity of immune performance in both endotherms and ectotherms, highlighting the role that temperature and life history play in immune function across Vertebrata.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Naturalists","doi":"10.1086/670191","usgsCitation":"Butler, M.W., Stahlschmidt, Z.R., Ardia, D.R., Davies, S., Davis, J., Guillette, L.J., Johnson, N., McCormick, S., McGraw, K.J., and DeNardo, D.F., 2013, Thermal sensitivity of immune function: evidence against a generalist-specialist trade-off among endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates: American Naturalist, v. 181, no. 6, p. 761-774, https://doi.org/10.1086/670191.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"761","endPage":"774","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-040124","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275469,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275468,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/670191"}],"volume":"181","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f39a68e4b0a32220222fc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, Michael W.","contributorId":47271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stahlschmidt, Zachary R.","contributorId":78225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stahlschmidt","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ardia, Daniel R.","contributorId":15915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ardia","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davies, Scott","contributorId":101546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davis, Jon","contributorId":53273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Guillette, Louis J. Jr.","contributorId":15916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guillette","given":"Louis","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas","contributorId":95781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":39666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen D.","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McGraw, Kevin J.","contributorId":63702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGraw","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"DeNardo, Dale F.","contributorId":24670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeNardo","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ]}