Approximately half the Badain Jaran Desert in the north-western Alashan Plain of northern China is a sand sea. The remainder is gravel or bedrock. The north-western border of the desert is a playa. The desert has been imaged by both Landsat and the Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-A). Landsat analysis indicates there are two dune patterns in the sand sea, north-east oriented crescentic dunes along the northern and western borders, and complex star dunes in the central and eastern desert. Although the orientation and morphology of the dunes are easily visible on Landsat, they cannot be determined with the radar image obtained from the aspect angle used during the SIR-A mission. An abrupt change in wavelength of the dune pattern near the Badain Jaran Playa is mappable on Landsat, but not seen on the radar image. The playa appears to be considerably larger on radar than on the Landsat, and we may be seeing subsurface penetration of dry surficial sands with the radar. Archaeological evidence suggests the playa was the location of prehistoric and historic human activity. SIR-A data indicate the playa was formerly a considerably larger inland lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/634872","usgsCitation":"Walker, A.S., Olsen, J.W., and Bagen, 1987, The Badain Jaran Desert: Remote sensing investigations.: Geographical Journal, v. 153, no. 2, p. 205-210, https://doi.org/10.2307/634872.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"210","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225886,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Badain Jaran Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 99,\n 42\n ],\n [\n 99,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n 104,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n 104,\n 42\n ],\n [\n 99,\n 42\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"153","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba693e4b08c986b3211ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, A. S.","contributorId":54978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, J. W.","contributorId":84919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bagen","contributorId":128269,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Bagen","id":535139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014274,"text":"70014274 - 1987 - Analysis of two-color geodimeter measurements of deformation within the Long Valley caldera: June 1983 to October 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-24T18:02:52.257541","indexId":"70014274","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of two-color geodimeter measurements of deformation within the Long Valley caldera: June 1983 to October 1985","docAbstract":"Line length changes from several baselines in a trilateration network within the Long Valley caldera clearly define a decrease in strain rate from June 1983 through October 1985. The data consist of more than 1600 length measurements on 23 baselines using a two-color geodimeter, which has a precision of 0.2 ppm of the line length. Initial measurements made during the summer of 1983 show extension rates were as high as 6 ppm/yr on some baselines. The rates subsequently decreased steadily, to less than 1 ppm/yr during the summer of 1985. Ih contrast, the strain rates on a few other baselines were less than 0.2 ppm/yr averaged over the 2.3-year interval. A model is constructed using these observations as well as yearly observations of a trilateration network within and near the caldera. The model contains two points of inflation located at 5 and 10 km beneath the resurgent dome of the caldera plus dextral slip on a fault plane within the south moat within an elastic half-space. To mimic the observed time dependence in the two-color geodimeter data, we conclude that the rates of both slip and inflation have steadily decreased over the survey interval. Because the two-color geodimeter network is closer to all three sources than the single-color geodimeter network, these data are important for defining the factor of 2–3 rate decrease of slip and inflation. Comparing our estimates of slip and inflation with similar estimates for the year prior to July 1983, we conclude that the rate decrease is probably a result of postseismic and postinflation relaxation following the earthquake swarm in the south moat in January 1983.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB092iB09p09423","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Langbein, J., Linker, M., and Tupper, D., 1987, Analysis of two-color geodimeter measurements of deformation within the Long Valley caldera: June 1983 to October 1985: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 92, no. B9, p. 9423-9442, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB09p09423.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"9423","endPage":"9442","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb46e4b0c8380cd48d16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, J.","contributorId":16990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linker, M.","contributorId":23697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linker","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tupper, D.","contributorId":30376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tupper","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014799,"text":"70014799 - 1987 - Crescentic dunes on the inner continental shelf off northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-26T01:28:14.555708","indexId":"70014799","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crescentic dunes on the inner continental shelf off northern California","docAbstract":"Large crescentic dunes that resemble barchans have been discovered within elongate scour depressions on the northern California inner continental shelf by using side-scan sonar. These dunes appear to be migrating obliquely to the regional shelf gradient; a preferred offshore direction of transport is indicated by the extended southern wings of many dunes. The isolated dunes and the scour depressions that contain them are located seaward of sea-floor outcrops off rocky capes and sea stacks. Repeated side-scan sonar records spanning four years (1981–1985) indicate that the dunes and bounding sidewalls of the scour depressions were somewhat modified, but the overall alteration to the bottom morphology during this period was only moderate to undetectable. The apparent low height of the dunes is consistent with a low migration speed. Over longer time periods (decades), the seaward transport of fine to medium sand in the crescentic dunes is probably an important way by which sand escapes the shallow part of the continental shelf in this region and mixes with the muddy deposits of the central shelf.
Water flow rates were measured in airlift pumps 3·75-30 cm in diameter to develop performance data that might be useful to aquaculturists. Flows were determined when submergence of airlifts was 100% and when the center-line of the discharge was between 12·5 cm above and 5 cm below the water surface. Air was injected at 15-cm intervals from 15 cm to 120 cm below the discharge of the airlift and air flow was varied from 28 to 1416 liters min−1. An increase in the vertical lift reduced flow rates greatly in large-diameter pipes, but only slightly affected flow rates in small-diameter pipes. Water flow increased linearly as air flow increased logarithmically.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0144-8609(87)90008-2","usgsCitation":"Parker, N., and Suttle, M.A., 1987, Design of airlift pumps for water circulation and aeration in aquaculture: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 6, no. 2, p. 97-110, https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8609(87)90008-2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131628,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667ddf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, N. C.","contributorId":101209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"N. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suttle, M. A.","contributorId":54926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suttle","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":57334,"text":"wdrWV851 - 1987 - Water Resources Data for West Virginia, Water Year 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-14T22:08:28.391371","indexId":"wdrWV851","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"WV-85-1","title":"Water Resources Data for West Virginia, Water Year 1985","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1985 water year for West Virginia consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; contents of reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of observation wells. This report contains discharge records for 75 streamflow-gaging stations; stage only records for 12 gaging stations, and 2 crest-stage partial-record stations; (2) contents for 2 reservoirs, and change in contents for 1 reservoir; (3) water-quality records for 24 streamflow-gaging stations; (4) water-level records for 33 observation wells; and (5) water-quality records for 17 observation wells. Locations of these sites are shown on figures 4 and 5. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not involved in the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in West Virginia.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrWV851","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of West Virginia and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Embree, W., Friel, E., and Taylor, F., 1987, Water Resources Data for West Virginia, Water Year 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report WV-85-1, viii, 224 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrWV851.","productDescription":"viii, 224 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":466319,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1985/wv-85-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":184497,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1985/wv-85-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West 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Virginia\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc7f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Embree, W.N.","contributorId":85143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Embree","given":"W.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friel, E.A.","contributorId":90743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friel","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, F.M.","contributorId":31465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014219,"text":"70014219 - 1987 - Some effects of quiet geomagnetic field changes upon values used for main field modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:27:25","indexId":"70014219","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some effects of quiet geomagnetic field changes upon values used for main field modeling","docAbstract":"The effects of three methods of data selection upon the assumed main field levels for geomagnetic observatory records used in main field modeling were investigated for a year of very low solar-terrestrial activity. The first method concerned the differences between the year's average of quiet day field values and the average of all values during the year. For H these differences were 2-3 gammas, for D they were -0.04 to -0.12???, for Z the differences were negligible. The second method of selection concerned the effects of the daytime internal Sq variations upon the daily mean values of field. The midnight field levels when the Sq currents were a minimum deviated from the daily mean levels by as much as 4-7 gammas in H and Z but were negligible for D. The third method of selection was designed to avoid the annual and semi-annual quiet level changes of field caused by the seasonal changes in the magnetosphere. Contributions from these changes were found to be as much as 4-7 gammas in quiet years and expected to be greater than 10 gammas in active years. Suggestions for improved methods of improved data selection in main field modeling are given. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(87)90144-0","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Campbell, W., 1987, Some effects of quiet geomagnetic field changes upon values used for main field modeling: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 48, no. 3-4, p. 193-199, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(87)90144-0.","startPage":"193","endPage":"199","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267335,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(87)90144-0"},{"id":226007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b929ae4b08c986b319fe6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, W.H.","contributorId":30749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015266,"text":"70015266 - 1987 - An oxygen isotope model for interpreting carbonate diagenesis in nonmarine rocks (Green River Basin, Wyoming, USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T00:43:21.564384","indexId":"70015266","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An oxygen isotope model for interpreting carbonate diagenesis in nonmarine rocks (Green River Basin, Wyoming, USA)","docAbstract":"A closed-system model is used for predicting the δ18O of formation waters in the deep portions of the northern Green River basin, Wyoming. δ18Ocalcite is calculated from this modeled water and compared with the δ18O of measured calcites to help interpret diagenesis in the basin.
The modification of 18Owater, which may be caused by diagenetic reactions at elevated temperatures, is modeled from two mass-balance equations. Three diagenetic reactions used to modify δ18Owater include: detrital limestoneå calcite cement; detrital quartz→ quartz cement; and detrital clay å authigenic illite/smectite. A weighted average δ18Owater and δ18O of calcite, quartz and illite/smectite in equilibrium with this water are calculated at 500-m increments. For a closed-system model, calculated variables at one depth are used for input variables at the next depth. An open system can be crudely simulated by adjusting the input variables at each depth.
Petrographic and hydrologic data suggest that throughout much of the basin an open hydrochemical system overlies a relatively closed system which is below 3000 m. From the surface to 3000 m deep, δ18Ocalcite measured in sandstone cements deviates from calculated 18Ocalcite for the closed-system model. Below 3000 m, δ18Ocalcite of cement and bulk shale converge from opposite directions with increasing depth toward the calculated δ18Ocalcite. Adjusting the calculated δ18Ocalcite to match the measured δ18Ocalcite indicates that the deviation above 3000 m results from mixing of meteoric waters with 18O-rich formation water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-9622(87)90067-4","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Dickinson, W.W., 1987, An oxygen isotope model for interpreting carbonate diagenesis in nonmarine rocks (Green River Basin, Wyoming, USA): Chemical Geology, v. 65, no. 2, p. 103-116, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9622(87)90067-4.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223811,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaafe4b0c8380cd489f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickinson, W. W.","contributorId":97123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015153,"text":"70015153 - 1987 - Denali image map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:36:17","indexId":"70015153","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denali image map","docAbstract":"The Denali National Park and Preserve 1:250,000-scale image map has been prepared and published as part of the US Geological Survey's (USGS) continuing research to improve image mapping techniques. Nine multispectral scanner (MSS) images were geometrically corrected, digitally mosaicked, and enhanced at the National Mapping Division's (NMD) EROS Data Center (EDC). This process involves ground control and digital resampling to the Universal Tranverse Mercator (UTM) projection. This paper specifically discusses the preparation of the digital mosaic and the production peculiarities associated with the Denali National Park and Preserve image map.","language":"English","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Binnie, D.R., and Colvocoresses, A.P., 1987, Denali image map: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 53, no. 3, p. 307-310.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"310","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd40e4b0c8380cd4e701","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Binnie, Douglas R. binnie@usgs.gov","contributorId":3269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binnie","given":"Douglas","email":"binnie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":370210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colvocoresses, Alden P.","contributorId":72779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvocoresses","given":"Alden","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":370211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015209,"text":"70015209 - 1987 - PYROLYSIS/GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY OF A SERIES OF BURIED WOODS AND COALIFIED LOGS THAT INCREASE IN RANK FROM PEAT TO SUBBITUMINOUS COAL.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015209","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"PYROLYSIS/GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY OF A SERIES OF BURIED WOODS AND COALIFIED LOGS THAT INCREASE IN RANK FROM PEAT TO SUBBITUMINOUS COAL.","docAbstract":"To better understand the coalification process, we have conducted numerous studies of the chemical structural composition of xylem tissue from gymosperm wood and related woods that has been coalified to varying degrees. The studies presented here, examine the chemical nature of buried and coalified xylem tissue at the molecular level. To achieve this, we employed pyrolysis/gas chromatography (py/gc) and pyrolysis/gas chromotography/mass spectrometry (py/gc/ms). Pyrolysis techniques have been used to examine peat, coal, coalified wood, and related substances. However, the technique has not been previously applied to a systematic and histologically-related series of coalified woods. It is particularly useful to compare the results from pyrolytic studies with the data obtained from solid-state **1**3C NMR.","largerWorkTitle":"ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints","conferenceTitle":"American Chemical Society, Division of Fuel Chemistry. Volume 32, No. 2, Preprints of Papers.","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","issn":"05693772","usgsCitation":"Hatcher, P., Lerch, H.E., Kotra, R.K., and Verheyen, V.T., 1987, PYROLYSIS/GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY OF A SERIES OF BURIED WOODS AND COALIFIED LOGS THAT INCREASE IN RANK FROM PEAT TO SUBBITUMINOUS COAL., in ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints, v. 32, no. 1, Denver, CO, USA, p. 85-93.","startPage":"85","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7389e4b0c8380cd770d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatcher, Patrick G.","contributorId":17367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Patrick G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lerch, Harry E. tlerch@usgs.gov","contributorId":600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerch","given":"Harry","email":"tlerch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":370330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kotra, Rama K. rkotra@usgs.gov","contributorId":237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotra","given":"Rama","email":"rkotra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":370329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verheyen, Vincent T.","contributorId":70541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verheyen","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015267,"text":"70015267 - 1987 - Effect of transmitter turn-off time on transient soundings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-15T16:43:54.739798","indexId":"70015267","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1761,"text":"Geoexploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of transmitter turn-off time on transient soundings","docAbstract":"A general procedure for computing the effect of non-zero turn-off time on the transient electromagnetic response is presented which can be applied to forward and inverse calculation methods for any transmitter-receiver configuration. We consider in detail the case of a large transmitter loop which has a receiver coil located at the center of the loop (central induction or in-loop array). For a linear turn-off ramp of width t0, the voltage response is shown to be the voltage due to an ideal step turn-off averaged over windows of width t0. Thus the effect is similar to that obtained by using averaging windows in the receiver. In general when time zero is taken to be the end of the ramp, the apparent resistivity increases for a homogeneous half-space over a limited time range. For time zero taken to be the start of the ramp the apparent resistivity is affected in the opposite direction. The effect of the ramp increases with increasing t0 and first-layer resistivity, is largest during the intermediate stage, and decreases with increasing time. It is shown that for a ramp turn-off, there is no effect in the early and late stages. For two-layered models with a resistive first layer (ρ1>ρ2), the apparent resistivity is increased in the intermediate stage. When the first layer is more conductive than the second layer (ρ1<ρ2) and the layer thickness is comparable or greater than the loop radius, similar results are obtained; however, when the layer is thin compared to the loop radius the apparent resistivity is initially decreased and then increases as time increases. Examples are presented which illustrate the strong influence of the geoelectrical section on the turn-off effect. Neglecting the turn-off ramp will affect data interpretation as shown by field examples; the influence is the greatest on near-surface layer parameters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7142(87)90087-1","usgsCitation":"Fitterman, D.V., and Anderson, W.L., 1987, Effect of transmitter turn-off time on transient soundings: Geoexploration, v. 24, no. 2, p. 131-146, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7142(87)90087-1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223812,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0627e4b0c8380cd51112","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitterman, David V. dfitterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitterman","given":"David","email":"dfitterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Walter L.","contributorId":99133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70181220,"text":"70181220 - 1987 - Dehydration of seabird prey during transport to the colony: Effects on wet weight energy densities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T13:28:15","indexId":"70181220","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dehydration of seabird prey during transport to the colony: Effects on wet weight energy densities","docAbstract":"We present evidence to indicate that dehydration of prey transported by seabirds from capture sites at sea to chicks at colonies inflates estimates of wet weight energy densities. These findings and a comparison of wet and dry weight energy densities reported in the literature emphasize the importance of (i) accurate measurement of the fresh weight and water content of prey, (ii) use of dry weight energy densities in comparisons among species, seasons, and regions, and (iii) cautious interpretation and extrapolation of existing data sets.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z87-427","usgsCitation":"Montevecchi, W., and Piatt, J.F., 1987, Dehydration of seabird prey during transport to the colony: Effects on wet weight energy densities: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 65, no. 11, p. 2822-2824, https://doi.org/10.1139/z87-427.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"2822","endPage":"2824","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335205,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a18228e4b0c825128564b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montevecchi, W.A.","contributorId":62052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montevecchi","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":664670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":664671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014890,"text":"70014890 - 1987 - Analysis of time series of glacier speed: Columbia Glacier, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T16:48:34.093428","indexId":"70014890","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of time series of glacier speed: Columbia Glacier, Alaska","docAbstract":"During the summers of 1984 and 1985, laser measurements were made of the distance from a reference location to markers on the surface of the lower reach of Columbia Glacier, Alaska. The data have numerous gaps, mostly because of inclement weather. The laser measurements were corrected for variations in atmospheric temperature and pressure and for the trajectory of the marker. The marker speed was calculated by using a combination of cubic splines and digital filters to arrive at a data set with 1-hour time intervals. The speed varies from 7 to 15 m/d and has three noteworthy components: (1) a low-frequency perturbation in speed with a time scale of days related to increased precipitation, (2) semidiurnal and diurnal variations related to sea tides, and (3) diurnal variations related to glacier surface melt. The low frequency and tidal period variations are separated by low-pass filtering and subtracting the filtered data from the original data. The variations from melt runoff and tides have the same frequency range and are examined using harmonic analysis and multiple regression with the various forcing functions. The high-frequency portion of the ice speed signal is dominated by tidal influences and to a lesser extent by meltwater influences. The low-frequency portion of the signal is dominated by the effects of precipitation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB092iB09p08969","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Walters, R.A., and Dunlap, W.W., 1987, Analysis of time series of glacier speed: Columbia Glacier, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 92, no. B9, p. 8969-8975, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB09p08969.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"8969","endPage":"8975","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb43e4b0c8380cd48d01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, R. A.","contributorId":34174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunlap, W. W.","contributorId":24788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunlap","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014212,"text":"70014212 - 1987 - Modeling and analysis of direct-current electrical resistivity in the Durham Triassic basin, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-15T16:40:43.85911","indexId":"70014212","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1761,"text":"Geoexploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling and analysis of direct-current electrical resistivity in the Durham Triassic basin, North Carolina","docAbstract":"Sixty-two Schlumberger electrical soundings were made in the Durham Triassic basin in an effort to determine basin structural geometry, depth of the sedimentary layers, and spatial distribution of individual rock facies. A digital computer program was used to invert the sounding curves of apparent resistivity versus distance to apparent resistivity versus depth. The apparent-resistivity-versus-depth data from the computer-modeling program were used to construct a geoelectric model of the basin that is believed to accurately represent the subsurface geology of the basin. The largest depth to basement in the basin along a resistivity profile (geoelectric section) was determined to be 1,800 m. A resistivity decrease was observed on certain soundings from depths of 100 to 1,000 m; below a 1,000-m depth, apparent resistivity increased to the bottom of the basin. Resistivity values for basement rocks were greater than 1,000 ohm-m and less than 350 ohm-m for the sedimentary layers in the basin. The data suggest that the basin contains a system of step faults near its eastern boundary.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7142(87)90012-3","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.E., 1987, Modeling and analysis of direct-current electrical resistivity in the Durham Triassic basin, North Carolina: Geoexploration, v. 24, no. 6, p. 429-440, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7142(87)90012-3.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"429","endPage":"440","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225880,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Durham basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.11054032257658,\n 34.81424858901997\n ],\n [\n -78.71952572597303,\n 35.63369969562967\n ],\n [\n -78.29487040818577,\n 36.369481295510155\n ],\n [\n -78.80312574155963,\n 36.15648733554863\n ],\n [\n -79.43844490827757,\n 35.6255443614009\n ],\n [\n -80.1172332811392,\n 35.01166900462569\n ],\n [\n -80.28442253553915,\n 34.81424671856449\n ],\n [\n -80.11054032257658,\n 34.81424858901997\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bd4e4b0c8380cd6f828","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, C. Erwin","contributorId":96261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Erwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014211,"text":"70014211 - 1987 - Global petrologic variations on the moon: A ternary-diagram approach.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-25T13:51:21.117715","indexId":"70014211","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global petrologic variations on the moon: A ternary-diagram approach.","docAbstract":"A ternary-diagram approach for determination of global petrologic variations on the lunar surface is presented that incorporates valuable improvements in our previous method of using geochemical variation diagrams. This new approach uses a ternary diagram that is subdivided into equally spaced segments along each of its three sides and has a triangular area in its center. The segments are assigned distinct colors that cover the range of the visible spectrum. The apexes are assigned the three primary colors, and the center triangle, which represents equal proportions of the three apexes, is assigned the color gray. The apexes are assigned the average Fe and (Th/Ti)c (ratio normalized to chondrites) compositions of KREEP/Mg-suite rocks, mare basalts, and ferroan anorthosites. The composition of each picture element (pixel) within these Apollo orbital gamma ray databases is used to determine its position within the ternary diagram. The color corresponding to this ternary position is then placed on a classification map at that pixel's position within the orbital databases. Error databases produced for the Fe and (Th/Ti)c data were used to exclude pixels having high errors. The resultant classification map shows spatial transitions among petrologic units, allows direct determination of the relative proportions of each end-member composition in a pixel, and increases the geologic interpretability of these data over that of the individual elemental databases. The classification units correspond remarkably well to observed geologic units, when we consider the spatial resolution (100 km) of the gamma ray spectrometer. Our results are as follows: (1) The highlands contain large areas of relatively pure ferroan anorthosite. (2) The average composition of the upper lunar crust is represented by an “anorthositic gabbro” composition, which supports the “magma-ocean” hypothesis for lunar crustal genesis. (3) KREEP/Mg-suite rocks are a minor fraction of the upper lunar crust. (4) Within the farside highlands, areas of KREEP/Mg-suite rocks coincide mostly with areas of crustal thinning, which are probably areas of KREEP basalt extrusions or localized excavations of Mg-suite rocks or KREEP-rich rocks. (5) Portions of the east limb and farside highlands have considerable amounts of a mafic, chondritic Th/Ti component (like mare basalt) whose occurrences coincide with mapped concentrations of light plains that display dark-halo craters; the presence of this component supports the hypothesis that mare volcanism had occurred within this highland region before the end of final heavy bombardment.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB092iB04p0E387","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., and Spudis, P.D., 1987, Global petrologic variations on the moon: A ternary-diagram approach.: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 92, no. B4, p. 387-395, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB04p0E387.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"395","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480537,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19870013974","text":"External Repository"},{"id":225879,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2955e4b0c8380cd5a888","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, P. A.","contributorId":74021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spudis, P. D.","contributorId":58719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudis","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12445,"text":"Lunar and Planetary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":367867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015142,"text":"70015142 - 1987 - Evaluating evaporation from field crops using airborne radiometry and ground-based meteorological data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015142","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2110,"text":"Irrigation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating evaporation from field crops using airborne radiometry and ground-based meteorological data","docAbstract":"Airborne measurements of reflected solar and emitted thermal radiation were combined with ground-based measurements of incoming solar radiation, air temperature, windspeed, and vapor pressure to calculate instantaneous evaporation (LE) rates using a form of the Penman equation. Estimates of evaporation over cotton, wheat, and alfalfa fields were obtained on 5 days during a one-year period. A Bowen ratio apparatus, employed simultaneously, provided ground-based measurements of evaporation. Comparison of the airborne and ground techniques showed good agreement, with the greatest difference being about 12% for the instantaneous values. Estimates of daily (24 h) evaporation were made from the instantaneous data. On three of the five days, the difference between the two techniques was less than 8%, with the greatest difference being 25%. The results demonstrate that airborne remote sensing techniques can be used to obtain spatially distributed values of evaporation over agricultural fields. ?? 1987 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Irrigation Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00259473","issn":"03427188","usgsCitation":"Jackson, R.D., Moran, M.S., Gay, L.W., and Raymond, L., 1987, Evaluating evaporation from field crops using airborne radiometry and ground-based meteorological data: Irrigation Science, v. 8, no. 2, p. 81-90, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00259473.","startPage":"81","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205404,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00259473"},{"id":223698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0be2e4b0c8380cd5290e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, R. D.","contributorId":30758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":370190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, M. S.","contributorId":91630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moran","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gay, L. W.","contributorId":53526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gay","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Raymond, L.H.","contributorId":23151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014674,"text":"70014674 - 1987 - U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY'S NATIONAL REAL-TIME HYDROLOGIC INFORMATION SYSTEM USING GOES SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:31","indexId":"70014674","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY'S NATIONAL REAL-TIME HYDROLOGIC INFORMATION SYSTEM USING GOES SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY.","docAbstract":"The U. S. Geological Survey maintains the basic hydrologic data collection system for the United States. The Survey is upgrading the collection system with electronic communications technologies that acquire, telemeter, process, and disseminate hydrologic data in near real-time. These technologies include satellite communications via the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, Data Collection Platforms in operation at over 1400 Survey gaging stations, Direct-Readout Ground Stations at nine Survey District Offices and a network of powerful minicomputers that allows data to be processed and disseminate quickly.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering, Proceedings of the 1987 National Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Williamsburg, VA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872626105","usgsCitation":"Shope, W.G., 1987, U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY'S NATIONAL REAL-TIME HYDROLOGIC INFORMATION SYSTEM USING GOES SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY., Hydraulic Engineering, Proceedings of the 1987 National Conference., Williamsburg, VA, USA, p. 13-18.","startPage":"13","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9e8e4b08c986b327ecd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shope, William G. Jr.","contributorId":106649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shope","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014154,"text":"70014154 - 1987 - Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of andradite garnet, Ca3Fe2Si3O12, between 10 and 1000 K and revised values for ΔfGom (298.15 K) of hedenbergite and wollastonite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T12:37:12","indexId":"70014154","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of andradite garnet, Ca3Fe2Si3O12, between 10 and 1000 K and revised values for ΔfGom (298.15 K) of hedenbergite and wollastonite","docAbstract":"The heat capacity of synthetic andradite garnet (Ca3Fe2Si3O12) was measured between 9.6 and 365.5 K by cryogenic adiabatic calorimetry and from 340 to 990 K by differential scanning calorimetry. At 298.15 KCop,m and Som are 351.9 ± 0.7 and 316.4 ± 2.0 J/(mol·K), respectively.
\nAndradite has a λ-peak in Cop,m with a maximum at 11.7 ± 0.2 K which is presumably associated with the antiferromagnetic ordering of the magnetic moments of the Fe3+ ions. The Gibbs free energy of formation,ΔfGom (298.15 K) of andradite is −5414.8 ± 5.5 kJ/mol and was obtained by combining our entropy and heat capacity data with the known breakdown of andradite to pseudowollastonite and hematite at ≈ 1410 to 1438 K. From a reexamination of the calcite + quartz = wollastonite equilibrium data we obtained ΔfHom(298.15 K) = − 1634.5 ± 1.8 kJ/mol for wollastonite.
\nBetween 300 and 1000 K the molar heat capacity of andradite can be represented by the equation Cop,m = 809.24 - 7.025 × 10−2T− 7.403 × 103T−0.5 − 6.789 × 105T−2. We have also used our thermochemical data for andradite to estimate the Gibbs free energy of formation of hedenbergite (CaFeSi2O6) for which we obtained ΔfGom (298.15 K) = −2674.3 ± 5.8 kJ/mol.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90271-7","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Robie, R.A., Bin, Z., Hemingway, B., and Barton, M.D., 1987, Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of andradite garnet, Ca3Fe2Si3O12, between 10 and 1000 K and revised values for ΔfGom (298.15 K) of hedenbergite and wollastonite: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 8, p. 2219-2224, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90271-7.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2219","endPage":"2224","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2ff2e4b0c8380cd5d233","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robie, Richard A.","contributorId":92235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bin, Zhao","contributorId":72938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bin","given":"Zhao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hemingway, Bruce S.","contributorId":13689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"Bruce S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barton, Mark D.","contributorId":6166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185923,"text":"70185923 - 1987 - An empirical model for estimating phytoplankton productivity in estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T17:27:17","indexId":"70185923","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical model for estimating phytoplankton productivity in estuaries","docAbstract":"e have previously shown that primary productivity in San Francisco Bay, USA, is highly correlated with phytoplankton biomass B (chlorophyll a concentration) and an index of light avallability in the photic zone, 2, I, (photic depth times surface irradiance). To test the generality of this relation, we compiled data from San Francisco Bay and 5 other USA estuarine systems (Neuse and South Rivers, Puget Sound, Delaware Bay and Hudson River Plume), and regressed daily produclvity J' P (mg C m-2 d-') against the composite parameter B Z, I,. Regressions for each estuary were significant and typically over 80 % of the varialon in P was correlated with variations in B Z,I,. Moreover, the pooled data (n = 211) from 4 estuaries where methodologies were comparable fell along one regression line (r2= 0.82), indicating that primary productivity can be estimated in a diversity of estuarine waters from simple measures of phytoplankton biomass and hght availability. This implies that physiological variabhty (e. g. responses to variations in nutrient availabhty, temperature, sahnity, photoperiod) is a secondary control on phytoplankton production in nutrient-rich estuaries, and that one empirical function can be used to estimate seasonal variations in productivity or to map productivity along estuarine gradients of phytoplankton biomass and turbidity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","usgsCitation":"Cole, B., and Cloern, J., 1987, An empirical model for estimating phytoplankton productivity in estuaries: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 396, p. 299-305.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"299","endPage":"305","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"396","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc822e4b02ff32c68575e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, B.E.","contributorId":66268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. 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Gold grades and volumes change when working placers go from small-volume methods to large-volume methods. The odds that a placer will be dominantly worked using small-volume methods at the surface are about 5:3. Once small-volume mining has occurred, the odds against subsequent large-volume mining are about 4:1. If a deposit is suitable for large-volume mining and the amount of gold produced from small-volume mining was reported, an estimate of the remaining gold (log//1//0kg) can be made using an equation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"CIM Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03170926","usgsCitation":"Bliss, J.D., Orris, G., and Menzie, W., 1987, CHANGES IN GRADE, VOLUME AND CONTAINED GOLD DURING THE MINING LIFE-CYCLE OF GOLD PLACER DEPOSITS.: CIM Bulletin, v. 80, no. 903, p. 75-80.","startPage":"75","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"903","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2c9e4b0c8380cd4b388","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bliss, J. D.","contributorId":25564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orris, G. J.","contributorId":80252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orris","given":"G. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Menzie, W. D.","contributorId":52916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"W. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014889,"text":"70014889 - 1987 - CLAYFORM: a FORTRAN 77 computer program apportioning the constituents in the chemical analysis of a clay or other silicate mineral into a structural formula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T15:36:46","indexId":"70014889","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"CLAYFORM: a FORTRAN 77 computer program apportioning the constituents in the chemical analysis of a clay or other silicate mineral into a structural formula","docAbstract":"The FORTRAN 77 computer program CLAYFORM apportions the constituents of a conventional chemical analysis of a silicate mineral into a user-selected structure formula. If requested, such as for a clay mineral or other phyllosilicate, the program distributes the structural formula components into appropriate default or user-specified structural sites (tetrahedral, octahedral, interlayer, hydroxyl, and molecular water sites), and for phyllosilicates calculates the layer (tetrahedral, octahedral, and interlayer) charge distribution. The program also creates data files of entered analyses for subsequent reuse. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(87)90025-2","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Bodine, M., 1987, CLAYFORM: a FORTRAN 77 computer program apportioning the constituents in the chemical analysis of a clay or other silicate mineral into a structural formula: Computers & Geosciences, v. 13, no. 1, p. 77-88, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(87)90025-2.","startPage":"77","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266182,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(87)90025-2"},{"id":226189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2d0e4b0c8380cd4b3cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodine, M.W. Jr.","contributorId":33343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodine","given":"M.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015250,"text":"70015250 - 1987 - The distribution of nitrogen species and adsorption of ammonium in sediments from the tidal Potomac River and estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-12T00:27:14.872218","indexId":"70015250","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distribution of nitrogen species and adsorption of ammonium in sediments from the tidal Potomac River and estuary","docAbstract":"The distribution of dissolved ammonium, adsorbed ammonium and residual, organic and total nitrogen was measured in Potomac River tidal, transition zone and lower estuary sediments to a depth of 66 cm. For these sediments, exchangeable ammonium, and thereby adsorbed ammonium concentrations, were determined directly using an ammonia electrode in alkaline sediment suspensions. Ammonia electrode data were comparable to data obtained by KCl extraction of fresh sediment. The conventional unitless ammonium adsorption coefficient, calculated as the slope of the regression line drawn when sediment-adsorbed ammonium (μmol g−1 dry wt of sediment) is plotted against interstitial water ammonium (μmol g−1 dry wt sediment), is 1·5 for this system. When a modified ammonium adsorption coefficient is calculated from sediment-adsorbed ammonium concentrations and a ratio of interstitial water ammonium and potassium concentrations, the regression equation through the data has a zero intercept and is more nearly linear than the regression equation of data based on conventional calculations. The use of a ratio including ammonium and potassium concentrations in the interstitial water term takes into account ionic strength variations in the estuary and competition between ammonium and potassium for adsorption sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0272-7714(87)90022-9","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Simon, N., and Kennedy, M., 1987, The distribution of nitrogen species and adsorption of ammonium in sediments from the tidal Potomac River and estuary: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 25, no. 1, p. 11-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(87)90022-9.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.34207852684263,\n 38.06886994683887\n ],\n [\n -76.40551007139837,\n 38.17781945022364\n ],\n [\n -76.42876830440225,\n 38.20606984048669\n ],\n 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N.S.","contributorId":103272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, M.M.","contributorId":10817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014167,"text":"70014167 - 1987 - Moment tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory for 51 selected earthquakes, 1980-1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:20:21","indexId":"70014167","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moment tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory for 51 selected earthquakes, 1980-1984","docAbstract":"The 51 global events that occurred from January 1980 to March 1984, which were chosen by the convenors of the Symposium on Seismological Theory and Practice, have been analyzed using a moment tensor inversion algorithm (Sipkin). Many of the events were routinely analyzed as part of the National Earthquake Information Center's (NEIC) efforts to publish moment tensor and first-motion fault-plane solutions for all moderate- to large-sized (mb>5.7) earthquakes. In routine use only long-period P-waves are used and the source-time function is constrained to be a step-function at the source (??-function in the far-field). Four of the events were of special interest, and long-period P, SH-wave solutions were obtained. For three of these events, an unconstrained inversion was performed. The resulting time-dependent solutions indicated that, for many cases, departures of the solutions from pure double-couples are caused by source complexity that has not been adequately modeled. These solutions also indicate that source complexity of moderate-sized events can be determined from long-period data. Finally, for one of the events of special interest, an inversion of the broadband P-waveforms was also performed, demonstrating the potential for using broadband waveform data in inversion procedures. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(87)90068-9","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Sipkin, S., 1987, Moment tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory for 51 selected earthquakes, 1980-1984: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 47, no. C, p. 67-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(87)90068-9.","startPage":"67","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267329,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(87)90068-9"},{"id":225237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d3ae4b0c8380cd70242","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sipkin, S.A.","contributorId":9399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sipkin","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}