{"pageNumber":"1524","pageRowStart":"38075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":41032,"records":[{"id":70011567,"text":"70011567 - 1983 - The granite problem as exposed in the southern Snake Range, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:33","indexId":"70011567","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The granite problem as exposed in the southern Snake Range, Nevada","docAbstract":"A geochemically and mineralogically diverse group of granitoids is present within an area of 900 km2 in the southern Snake Range of eastern Nevada. The granitoids exposed range in age from Jurassic through Cretaceous to Oligocene and include two calcic intrusions, two different types of two-mica granites, and aplites. The younger intrusions appear to have been emplaced at progressively more shallow depths. All of these granitoid types are represented elsewhere in the eastern Great Basin, but the southern Snake Range is distinguished by the grouping of all these types within a relatively small area. The Jurassic calcic pluton of the Snake Creek-Williams Canyon area displays large and systematic chemical and mineralogical zonation over a horizontal distance of five km. Although major element variations in the pluton compare closely with Daly's average andesite-dacite-rhyolite over an SiO2 range of 63 to 76 percent, trace element (Rb, Sr, Ba) variations show that the zonation is the result of in situ fractional crystallization, with the formation of relatively mafic cumulates on at least one wall of the magma chamber. Models of trace element and isotopic data indicate that relatively little assimilation took place at the level of crystallization. Nonetheless, an initial 87Sr/86Sr value of 0.7071 and ??18O values of 10.2 to 12.2 permil suggest a lower crustal magma that was contaminated by upper crustal clastic sedimentary rocks before crystallization. The involvement of mantle-derived magmas in its genesis is difficult to rule out. Two other Jurassic plutons show isotopic and chemical similarities to the Snake Creek-Williams Canyon pluton. Cretaceous granites from eastern Nevada that contain phenocrystic muscovite are strongly peraluminous, and have high initial Sr-isotope ratios and other features characteristic of S-type granitoids. They were probably derived from Proterozoic metasediments and granite gneisses that comprise the middle crust of this region. Another group of granitoids (including the Tertiary aplites) show chemical, mineralogic, and isotopic characteristics intermediate between the first two groups and may have been derived by contamination of magmas from the lower crust by the midcrustal metasediments. ?? 1983 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00373083","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Lee, D.E., and Christiansen, E.H., 1983, The granite problem as exposed in the southern Snake Range, Nevada: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 83, no. 1-2, p. 99-116, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00373083.","startPage":"99","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205101,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00373083"}],"volume":"83","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac94e4b08c986b3235c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, D. E.","contributorId":96705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christiansen, E. H.","contributorId":65077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011238,"text":"70011238 - 1983 - CHEMICAL STRUCTURES IN COAL: GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE PRESENCE OF MIXED STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:31","indexId":"70011238","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"CHEMICAL STRUCTURES IN COAL: GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE PRESENCE OF MIXED STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS.","docAbstract":"The purpose of this paper is to summarize work on the chemical structural components of coal, comparing them with their possible plant precursors in modern peat. Solid-state **1**3C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), elemental analysis and, in some cases, individual compound analyses formed the bases for these comparisons.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings - 1983 International Conference on Coal Science.","conferenceLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA, USA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hatcher, P.G., Breger, I.A., Maciel, G., and Szeverenyi, N., 1983, CHEMICAL STRUCTURES IN COAL: GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE PRESENCE OF MIXED STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS., Proceedings - 1983 International Conference on Coal Science., Pittsburgh, PA, USA, p. 310-313.","startPage":"310","endPage":"313","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2cde4b0c8380cd4b3ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatcher, Patrick G.","contributorId":93625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breger, Irving A.","contributorId":65205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breger","given":"Irving","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maciel, G.E.","contributorId":43910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maciel","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Szeverenyi, N.M.","contributorId":83663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szeverenyi","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011442,"text":"70011442 - 1983 - Carbonatite tuffs in the Laetolil Beds of Tanzania and the Kaiserstuhl in Germany","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:30","indexId":"70011442","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbonatite tuffs in the Laetolil Beds of Tanzania and the Kaiserstuhl in Germany","docAbstract":"Carbonatite lava and tephra are now well known. The only modern eruptive carbonatites, from Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania, are of alkali carbonatite, whereas all of the pre-modern examples are of calcite or dolomite. Chemical and stable isotope analyses were made of separate phases of Pliocene carbonatite tuffs of the Laetolil Beds in Tanzania and of Miocene carbonatite tuffs of the Kaiserstuhl in Germany in order to understand the reasons for this major difference. The Laetolil Beds contain numerous carbonatite and melilitite-carbonatite tuffs. It is proposed that the carbonatite ash was originally of alkali carbonate composition and that the alkali component was dissolved, leaving a residuum of calcium carbonate. The least recrystallized melilitite-carbonatite tuff contains early-deposited calcite cement and calcite pseudomorphs after nyerereite (?) that have contents of strontium and barium and ??18O and ??13C values suggestive of incomplete chemical and isotopic exchange during alteration and replacement of alkali carbonatite ash. Carbonatite tuffs of the Kaiserstuhl contain globules composed of calcite phenocrysts and microphenocrysts in a groundmass of calcite with a small amount of clay, apatite, and magnetite. The SrO contents of phenocrysts, microphenocrysts, and groundmass calcite average 0.90, 1.42, and 0.59 percent, respectively. The average ??18O and ??13C values of globules (+14.3 and -9.0, respectively) fall between those of coarse-grained intrusive Kaiserstuhl carbonatite (avg. +6.6, -5.8) and those of low-temperature calcite cement in the carbonatite tuffs (+21.8, -14.9). The phenocrysts and microphenocrysts are primary magmatic calcite, but several features indicate that the groundmass has been recrystallized and altered in contact with meteoric water, resulting in weathering of silicate to clay, leaching of strontium, and isotopic exchange. The weight of evidence favors an original high content of alkali carbonatite in the groundmass, with recrystallization following leaching of the alkalies. ?? 1983 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00399717","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Hay, R.L., and O’Neil, J.R., 1983, Carbonatite tuffs in the Laetolil Beds of Tanzania and the Kaiserstuhl in Germany: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 82, no. 4, p. 403-406, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00399717.","startPage":"403","endPage":"406","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205109,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399717"},{"id":221291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f371e4b0c8380cd4b808","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hay, R. L.","contributorId":34170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011258,"text":"70011258 - 1983 - Mechanical and chemical compaction in fine-grained shallow-water limestones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T23:40:46.645777","indexId":"70011258","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanical and chemical compaction in fine-grained shallow-water limestones","docAbstract":"

Artificial compaction of in-situ cores of sediments resulted in: 1) reduction of sediment thickness by 50 percent and more; 2) reduction of initial porosities of 65 to 75 percent to 35 to 45 percent; 3) creation of megascopic textures almost identical to many ancient lime mud- and wackestone; 4) creation of organic, wispy \"stylolite-like\" layers; 5) chemical compaction, evidenced by thin sections showing quartz grains piercing mollusc shells without causing fractures and SEM evidence of solutional interfitting of 1 to 4-mu m-size aragonitic carbonate grains; 6) obliteration of pellets and birdseye or fenestral voids in those sediments where early cementation was lacking; obliteration of identifiable marine grasses and vertical \"root\" tube voids; 8) mashing of sediment-filled circular burrows to produce ellipsoidal structures. Significant mechanical compaction resulted from pressures simulating less than 1,000 ft of burial. Increasing loads to more than 10,000 ft did not significantly increase compaction. Chemical compaction was detected only in cores compacted to pressures greater than 10,000 ft of burial. These experiments suggest that chemical compaction would begin at much shallower depths given geologic time. Experiments that caused chemical compaction lend support to the hypothesis that cement required to produce a low-porosity/low-permeability fine-grained limestone is derived internally. Dissolution, ion diffusion, and reprecipitation are the most likely processes for creating significant thicknesses of dense limestones. Continuation of chemical compaction after significant porosity reduction necessitates expulsion of connate fluids, possibly including hydrocarbons.--Modified journal abstract.

","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F8242-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Shinn, E., and Robbin, D., 1983, Mechanical and chemical compaction in fine-grained shallow-water limestones: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 53, no. 2, p. 595-618, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F8242-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"595","endPage":"618","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220695,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5357e4b0c8380cd6c9f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbin, D.M.","contributorId":101384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbin","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011419,"text":"70011419 - 1983 - Tin granites of Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T12:21:11.449223","indexId":"70011419","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tin granites of Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"

Seven granite plutons, spatially and genetically related to tin metalization, are exposed in a 170-km-long belt across northwestern Seward Peninsula, Alaska. These plutons are cupolas and epizonal composite stocks that consist of several textural varieties of biotite granite, including medium- to coarse-grained seriate biotite granite, porphyritic biotite granite with an aplitic groundmass, and fine- to medium-grained equigranular biotite granite. The common accessory minerals are fluorite, allanite, apatite, and zircon. Other accessory minerals that are locally present include tourmaline, sphene, opaque oxide minerals, and late-forming (deuteric) muscovite and chlorite. The granites range in major-element contents as follows: SiO2, 72.5% to 76.6%; A12O3, 12.7% to 14.3%; Na2O, 2.9% to 4.0%; K2O, 3.9% to 5.6%; and CaO, 0.6% to 1.2%. The sum of FeO + Fe2O3 + MgO ranges from 0.3% to 2.4%; and the K2O to Na2O ratio from 1.1 to 1.8. The 0.1% to 0.9% F and 0.01% to 0.2% Cl reflect the over-all volatile-rich nature of the granites. The granites contain average or below-average concentrations of Co, Sc, Cr, and Zn, and generally above-average to distinctly high concentrations of Th, U, Hf, and Ta. The large cations emphasize the evolved nature of the granites; the Rb/Sr ratio is as high as 90 in some samples. Initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios range from 0.708 to as high as 0.720. The three Rb-Sr isochrons defined by the data agree with K-Ar age determinations and show that the stocks were emplaced during the Late Cretaceous, between about 70 and 80 m.y. ago.

The field, petrologic, and geochemical data indicate that the plutons had a multistage origin that involved large-scale melting of sialic crust, emplacement of magmas derived from batholithic fractionation at depth, and subsequent evolution of these magmas to generate small volumes of more highly evolved residual magmas. Although evolution of the granite complexes was largely governed by crystal-melt fractionation, some minor-element variations in the highly evolved granites cannot be explained by this process. For example, the distribution of rubidium and the light rare-earths appears to have been influenced by volatile depletion at the final stages of crystallization. The field data, petrologic data, and variation trends, such as distinct shifts toward higher albite contents in the residual granites, suggest that the coexistence of a volatile phase was important in their evolution. These results require that models seeking to explain compositional gradients in high-level granite (rhyolite) systems fully consider the role of a coexisting volatile phase.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<768:TGOSPA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hudson, T., and Arth, J.G., 1983, Tin granites of Seward Peninsula, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 94, no. 6, p. 768-790, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<768:TGOSPA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"768","endPage":"790","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220976,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Seward Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.29033380179976,\n 67.03116095038828\n ],\n [\n -168.29033380179976,\n 64.05073366574283\n ],\n [\n -159.85283380179993,\n 64.05073366574283\n ],\n [\n -159.85283380179993,\n 67.03116095038828\n ],\n [\n -168.29033380179976,\n 67.03116095038828\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb403e4b08c986b32611b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, T.","contributorId":33446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arth, Joseph G.","contributorId":104546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arth","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011417,"text":"70011417 - 1983 - Simulation of solute transport in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream: A transient storage model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-07T13:43:16","indexId":"70011417","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of solute transport in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream: A transient storage model","docAbstract":"

The physical characteristics of mountain streams differ from the uniform and conceptually well- defined open channels for which the analysis of solute transport has been oriented in the past and is now well understood. These physical conditions significantly influence solute transport behavior, as demonstrated by a transient storage model simulation of solute transport in a very small (0.0125 m3s−1) mountain pool-and-riffle stream. The application is to a carefully controlled and intensively monitored chloride injection experiment. The data from the experiment are not explained by the standard convection-dispersion mechanisms alone. A transient storage model, which couples dead zones with the one-dimensional convection-dispersion equation, simulates the general characteristics of the solute transport behavior and a set of simulation parameters were determined that yield an adequate fit to the data. However, considerable uncertainty remains in determining physically realistic values of these parameters. The values of the simulation parameters used are compared to values used by other authors for other streams. The comparison supports, at least qualitatively, the determined parameter values.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR019i003p00718","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., and Walters, R.A., 1983, Simulation of solute transport in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream: A transient storage model: Water Resources Research, v. 19, no. 3, p. 718-724, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR019i003p00718.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"718","endPage":"724","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9084e4b08c986b319558","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":361036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, Roy A.","contributorId":74877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011267,"text":"70011267 - 1983 - Major and trace elements in Mahogany zone oil shale in two cores from the Green River Formation, piceance basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:27","indexId":"70011267","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Major and trace elements in Mahogany zone oil shale in two cores from the Green River Formation, piceance basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Parachute Creek Member of the lacustrine Green River Formation contains thick sequences of rich oil-shale. The richest sequence and the richest oil-shale bed occurring in the member are called the Mahogany zone and the Mahogany bed, respectively, and were deposited in ancient Lake Uinta. The name \"Mahogany\" is derived from the red-brown color imparted to the rock by its rich-kerogen content. Geochemical abundance and distribution of eight major and 18 trace elements were determined in the Mahogany zone sampled from two cores, U. S. Geological Survey core hole CR-2 and U. S. Bureau of Mines core hole O1-A (Figure 1). The oil shale from core hole CR-2 was deposited nearer the margin of Lake Uinta than oil shale from core hole O1-A. The major- and trace-element chemistry of the Mahogany zone from each of these two cores is compared using elemental abundances and Q-mode factor modeling. The results of chemical analyses of 44 CR-2 Mahogany samples and 76 O1-A Mahogany samples are summarized in Figure 2. The average geochemical abundances for shale (1) and black shale (2) are also plotted on Figure 2 for comparison. The elemental abundances in the samples from the two cores are similar for the majority of elements. Differences at the 95% probability level are higher concentrations of Ca, Cu, La, Ni, Sc and Zr in the samples from core hole CR-2 compared to samples from core hole O1-A and higher concentrations of As and Sr in samples from core hole O1-A compared to samples from core hole CR-2. These differences presumably reflect slight differences in depositional conditions or source material at the two sites. The Mahogany oil shale from the two cores has lower concentrations of most trace metals and higher concentrations of carbonate-related elements (Ca, Mg, Sr and Na) compared to the average shale and black shale. During deposition of the Mahogany oil shale, large quantities of carbonates were precipitated resulting in the enrichment of carbonate-related elements and dilution of most trace elements as pointed out in several previous studies. Q-mode factor modeling is a statistical method used to group samples on the basis of compositional similarities. Factor end-member samples are chosen by the model. All other sample compositions are represented by varying proportions of the factor end-members and grouped as to their highest proportion. The compositional similarities defined by the Q-mode model are helpful in understanding processes controlling multi-element distributions. The models for each core are essentially identical. A four-factor model explains 70% of the variance in the CR-2 data and 64% of the O1-A data (the average correlation coefficients are 0. 84 and 0. 80, respectively). Increasing the number of factors above 4 results in the addition of unique instead of common factors. Table I groups the elements based on high factor-loading scores (the amount of influence each element has in defining the model factors). Similar elemental associations are found in both cores. Elemental abundances are plotted as a function of core depth using a five-point weighted moving average of the original data to smooth the curve (Figure 3 and 4). The plots are grouped according to the four factors defined by the Q-mode models and show similar distributions for elements within the same factor. Factor 1 samples are rich in most trace metals. High oil yield and the presence of illite characterize the end-member samples for this factor (3, 4) suggesting that adsorption of metals onto clay particles or organic matter is controlling the distribution of the metals. Precipitation of some metals as sulfides is possible (5). Factor 2 samples are high in elements commonly associated with minerals of detrital or volcanogenic origin. Altered tuff beds and lenses are prevalent within the Mahogany zone. The CR-2 end-member samples for this factor contain analcime (3) which is an alteration product within the tuff beds of the Green River Formation. Th","largerWorkTitle":"Preprints Symposia","language":"English","issn":"05693799","usgsCitation":"Tuttle, M.L., Dean, W., and Parduhn, N.L., 1983, Major and trace elements in Mahogany zone oil shale in two cores from the Green River Formation, piceance basin, Colorado, in Preprints Symposia, v. 28, no. 1, p. 85-90.","startPage":"85","endPage":"90","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c0ae4b0c8380cd69972","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tuttle, M. L.","contributorId":71992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parduhn, N. L.","contributorId":69136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parduhn","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011397,"text":"70011397 - 1983 - Atomic-absorption determination of mercury in geological materials by flame and carbon-rod atomisation after solvent extraction and using co-extracted silver as a matrix modifier","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-29T15:38:44.163539","indexId":"70011397","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3541,"text":"The Analyst","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atomic-absorption determination of mercury in geological materials by flame and carbon-rod atomisation after solvent extraction and using co-extracted silver as a matrix modifier","docAbstract":"Based on modifications and expansion of the original Tindall's solvent extraction flame atomic-absorption procedure, an atomic-absorption spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of mercury in geological materials. The sample is digested with nitric and hydrochloric acids in a boiling water-bath. The solution is made ammoniacal and potassium iodide and silver nitrate are added. The mercury is extracted into isobutyl methyl ketone as the tetraiodomercurate(ll). Added silver is co-extracted with mercury and serves as a matrix modifier in the carbon-rod atomiser. The mercury in the isobutyl methyl ketone extract may be determined by either the flame- or the carbon-rod atomisation method, depending on the concentration level. The limits of determination are 0.05-10 p.p.m. of mercury for the carbon-rod atomisation and 1 -200 p.p.m. of mercury for the flame atomisation. Mercury values for reference samples obtained by replicate analyses are in good agreement with those reported by other workers, with relative standard deviations ranging from 2.3 to 0.9%. Recoveries of mercury spiked at two levels were 93-106%. Major and trace elements commonly found in geological materials do not interfere.","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/AN9830800058","issn":"00032654","usgsCitation":"Sanzolone, R.F., and Chao, T.T., 1983, Atomic-absorption determination of mercury in geological materials by flame and carbon-rod atomisation after solvent extraction and using co-extracted silver as a matrix modifier: The Analyst, v. 108, no. 1282, p. 58-63, https://doi.org/10.1039/AN9830800058.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"58","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221665,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1282","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eec9e4b0c8380cd49f6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanzolone, R. F.","contributorId":64199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanzolone","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chao, T. T.","contributorId":31900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011391,"text":"70011391 - 1983 - Modeling of self-potential anomalies near vertical dikes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T16:29:04.733014","indexId":"70011391","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling of self-potential anomalies near vertical dikes","docAbstract":"

The self-potential (SP) Green's function for an outcropping vertical dike is derived from solutions for the dc resistivity problem for the same geometry. The Green's functions are numerically integrated over rectangular source regions on the contacts between the dike and the surrounding material to obtain the SP anomaly. The analysis is valid for thermoelectrical source mechanisms. Two types of anomalies can be produced by this geometry. When the two source planes are polarized in opposite directions, a monopolar anomaly is produced. This corresponds to the thermoelectrical properties of the dike being in contrast with the surrounding material. When the thermoelectric coefficients change monotonically across the dike, a dipolar anomaly is produced. In either case positive and negative anomalies are possible, and the greatest variation in potential will occur in the most resistive regions. Examples of the effect of changing different model parameters are given for sources that have constant intensity throughout the rectangular source regions. For these patch models the depth to the top of the source region is approximately equal to the distance between the minimum (or maximum) of the anomaly outside of the dike and the edge of the dike. Field data collected over a hot intrusive fissure are presented which have been modeled by the technique described.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1441456","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Fitterman, D., 1983, Modeling of self-potential anomalies near vertical dikes: Geophysics, v. 48, no. 2, p. 171-180, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1441456.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221587,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c19e4b0c8380cd6fa23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitterman, D.V. 0000-0001-5600-3401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5600-3401","contributorId":70386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitterman","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011389,"text":"70011389 - 1983 - Relationship of two lacustrine ostracode species to solute composition and salinity: Implications for paleohydrochemistry ( Limnocythere sappaensis/staplini)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-31T01:31:48.095816","indexId":"70011389","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship of two lacustrine ostracode species to solute composition and salinity: Implications for paleohydrochemistry ( Limnocythere sappaensis/staplini)","docAbstract":"

Nonmarine ostracode species are indicative of the physical and chemical nature of lacustrine environments. Although salinity has traditionally been regarded as one of the more important parameters that affect the occurrence patterns of lacustrine ostracodes, examination of the solute composition and salinities of the lakes where Limnocythere sappaensis and L. staplini live reveals that solute composition and not salinity is the most critical factor that controls their occurrence. The occurrence of these taxa in the modern world is mutually exclusive. L. sappaensis lives in water that is enriched in Na+-HCO3−-\"graphic\" and depleted in Ca2+. L. staplini lives in water that is enriched in various combinations of Na+-Mg2+-Ca2+-\"graphic\"-Cl− and is depleted in HCO3. These solute compositions are the product of the mineral fractionation processes described by Eugster and Hardie. The positive correlation between these two species occurrences and the mineralogic fractionation processes suggests that these taxa may be used as reliable paleohydrochemical indicators. Studies in progress dealing with other ostracode taxa suggest that saline lacustrine ostracodes can provide a precise method for reconstructing paleohydrochemistry.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1983)11<435:ROTLOS>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Forester, R.M., 1983, Relationship of two lacustrine ostracode species to solute composition and salinity: Implications for paleohydrochemistry ( Limnocythere sappaensis/staplini): Geology, v. 11, no. 8, p. 435-438, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1983)11<435:ROTLOS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"435","endPage":"438","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221585,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a77ee4b0e8fec6cdc4a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forester, R. M.","contributorId":76332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forester","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011277,"text":"70011277 - 1983 - Statistical averaging of marine magnetic anomalies and the aging of oceanic crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T16:54:25.142105","indexId":"70011277","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical averaging of marine magnetic anomalies and the aging of oceanic crust","docAbstract":"

Visual comparison of Mesozoic and Cenozoic magnetic anomalies in the North Pacific suggests that older anomalies contain less short-wavelength information than younger anomalies in this area. To test this observation, magnetic profiles from the North Pacific are examined from crust of three ages: 0–2.1, 29.3–33.1, and 64.9–70.3 m.y, B.P. For each time period, at least nine profiles were analyzed by (1) calculating the power density spectrum of each profile, (2) averaging the spectra together, and (3) computing a ‘recording filter’ for each time period by assuming a hypothetical seafloor model. The model assumes that the top of the source is acoustic basement, the source thickness is 0.5 km, and the time scale of geomagnetic reversals is according to Ness et al. (1980). The calculated power density spectra of the three recording filters are complex in shape but show an increase of attenuation of short-wavelength information as the crust ages. These results are interpreted using a multilayer model for marine magnetic anomalies in which the upper layer, corresponding to pillow basalt of seismic layer 2A, acts as a source of noise to the magnetic anomalies. As the ocean crust ages, this noisy contribution by the pillow basalts becomes less significant to the anomalies. Consequently, magnetic sources below layer 2A must be faithful recorders of geomagnetic reversals.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iB03p02289","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Blakely, R., 1983, Statistical averaging of marine magnetic anomalies and the aging of oceanic crust: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 88, no. B3, p. 2289-2296, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB03p02289.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2289","endPage":"2296","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220970,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b971fe4b08c986b31b8c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011272,"text":"70011272 - 1983 - The use of MAGSAT data to determine secular variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T16:51:26.602642","indexId":"70011272","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of MAGSAT data to determine secular variation","docAbstract":"

A combined spatial and secular variation model of the geomagnetic field, labeled M061581, is derived from a selection of Magsat data. Secular variation (SV) data computed from linear fits to midnight hourly values from 19 magnetic observatories were also included in the analysis but were seen to have little effect on the model. The SV patterns from this new model are compared with those from the 1980 IGRF and with those for 1970 computed by the DGRF and with the 1960 patterns computed using the GSFC(12/66) model. Most of the features of the M061581 are identical in location and level with those of the 1980 IGRF. Together they confirm that the reversals in sign of field change seen over Asia and North America between 1965 and 1975 are reverting to the pre-1965 states. The M061581 model gives −32 nT/yr for the dipole decay rate, larger than the 70% increase already reported since 1965. This abnormally high value is interpreted as being a defect of the model because it appears to result from a much larger (−100 nT/yr) drop in field over the polar regions not indicated by the 1980 IGRF. This north polar decrease is shown to be of external origin as the result of a combination of the seasonal effect of the north polar ionospheric (counterclockwise) afternoon Sqp cell increasing in intensity from the beginning (November 1979) to the end (June 1980) of the Magsat data collection period, coupled with an enhancement of its effect as the orbit lowered from the 350– 550 km initial altitudes to near 200 km just prior to burnup. This experiment indicates that secular variation can be obtained from satellite data for intervals of less than a full year if corrections can be made for seasonal effects and that ‘annual snapshots’ of the field by a satellite would allow easy and accurate models of secular change without the use of any surface data.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iB07p05903","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Cain, J., Frayser, J., Muth, L., and Schmitz, D., 1983, The use of MAGSAT data to determine secular variation: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 88, no. B7, p. 5903-5910, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB07p05903.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"5903","endPage":"5910","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220893,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb15be4b08c986b3252eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, J.C.","contributorId":68457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frayser, J.","contributorId":83665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frayser","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muth, L.","contributorId":10035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muth","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmitz, D.","contributorId":45832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitz","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70010304,"text":"70010304 - 1983 - Stability of streams and lakes on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-16T12:20:34.967206","indexId":"70010304","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stability of streams and lakes on Mars","docAbstract":"

Under present climatic conditions streams and lakes on Mars will freeze. Freezing is slow and would have a negligible effect in impeding flow of the large floods that are believed to have eroded the outflow channels. Valley networks are more difficult to form under current climatic conditions since they appear to have formed by slow erosion by streams of modest discharges. Freezing of small Martian streams was modeled for a variety of climatic conditions on the supposition that the Martian atmosphere may have been considerably thicker in the past when the valley networks formed. The modeling involves examination of the energy balance at the upper and lower surfaces of ice on streams to determine the rate at which the ice thickens with time. The results indicate that freezing rates are not strongly dependent on atmospheric pressure. With no wind, increasing the pressure by a factor of 10 cuts the time taken to freeze solid only by about a factor of about 2. Under windy conditions dependence on atmospheric pressure is even weaker. The distance that water could travel in a stream before flow is arrested by freezing is also calculated. The distances depend on the initial temperature of the stream and when icings develop, but in general, if a stream deeper than 2 m can be initiated and sustained, the water within it can survive long enough to cut most of the valley networks observed. The main problem with forming the valley is initiating the flow. Groundwater seepage alone appears inadequate because of the difficulty of recharging the groundwater system. Melting of ice precipitated onto the surface following injection of water into the atmosphere by large impacts is a possible source of water, but the climatic conditions under which the ice could melt and the water be collected into streams that can survive long enough to cut the valley is uncertain.




","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(83)90168-9","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., 1983, Stability of streams and lakes on Mars: Icarus, v. 56, no. 3, p. 476-495, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(83)90168-9.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"476","endPage":"495","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219443,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b965ce4b08c986b31b46d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":358584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011993,"text":"70011993 - 1983 - Crustal and upper mantle structure of the northern and central Sierra Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T16:16:42.34482","indexId":"70011993","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal and upper mantle structure of the northern and central Sierra Nevada","docAbstract":"

Teleseismic data were recorded within the Sierra Nevada to look for lateral variations in the upper mantle. The data were collected at both temporary and permanent stations, and P wave residuals were computed. After correcting the P residual data for crustal and topographic effects, there is still a variation of as much as 0.5-0.6 s from the north end of the Sierra Nevada to Mono Lake, located east of the central part of the range. In addition, there are significant variations in travel time patterns, depending on the azimuth of wave arrivals. Two simple modeling approaches have been used to infer the upper mantle velocity structure from the observed variations in travel time. In the first, it is assumed that the velocity variations are distributed throughout a depth range of about 60–160 km. One model that fits the data indicates a north-to-south trend in upper mantle P velocities from about 7.9 km/s at the north end of the Sierra to 7.6 km/s near Mono Lake. Superimposed is a west-to-east trend from 7.85 km/s under the Sierra Nevada crest to 7.7 km/s east of Lake Tahoe. In the second modeling approach, a fixed velocity contrast is assumed between the lithosphere and asthenosphere with variations in travel time resulting from variations in lithospheric thickness. One model, consistent with the observations, indicates a thinning of the lithosphere from 110 km at the north end of the Sierra to 60 km near Mono Lake.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iB07p05874","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Mavko, B., and Thompson, G.A., 1983, Crustal and upper mantle structure of the northern and central Sierra Nevada: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 88, no. B7, p. 5874-5892, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB07p05874.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"5874","endPage":"5892","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220802,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcd8e4b0c8380cd4e472","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mavko, B.B.","contributorId":11331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mavko","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, G. A.","contributorId":90332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011995,"text":"70011995 - 1983 - The relationship of acquisition systems to automated stereo correlation.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:34","indexId":"70011995","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relationship of acquisition systems to automated stereo correlation.","docAbstract":"Today a concerted effort is being made to expedite the mapping process through automated correlation of stereo data. Stereo correlation involves the comparison of radiance (brightness) signals or patterns recorded by sensors. Conventionally, two-dimensional area correlation is utilized but this is a rather slow and cumbersome procedure. Digital correlation can be performed in only one dimension where suitable signal patterns exist, and the one-dimensional mode is much faster. Electro-optical (EO) systems, suitable for space use, also have much greater flexibility than film systems. Thus, an EO space system can be designed which will optimize one-dimensional stereo correlation and lead toward the automation of topographic mapping.-from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Colvocoresses, A., 1983, The relationship of acquisition systems to automated stereo correlation.: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 49, no. 4, p. 539-544.","startPage":"539","endPage":"544","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf21e4b08c986b324582","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colvocoresses, A. P.","contributorId":82703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvocoresses","given":"A. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012025,"text":"70012025 - 1983 - SUBMICROSCOPIC ( less than 1 mu m) MINERAL CONTENTS OF VITRINITES IN SELECTED BITUMINOUS COAL BEDS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:03","indexId":"70012025","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"SUBMICROSCOPIC ( less than 1 mu m) MINERAL CONTENTS OF VITRINITES IN SELECTED BITUMINOUS COAL BEDS.","docAbstract":"An important aspect of the petrographic description of coal is the characterization of coal quality, including chemical attributes. For geologic investigations, data on the concentrations, distribution, and modes of occurrence of minor and trace elements provide a basis for reconstructing the probable geochemical environment of the swamp material that was converted into peat, and the geochemical conditions that prevailed during and subsequent to coalification. We have been using electron (EPMA) and proton (PIXE) microprobe analytical methods to obtain data on the chemical characteristics of specific coal constituents in their original associations within coal samples. The present study is aimed at evaluation of the nature of mineral occurrences and heterogeneous elemental concentrations within vitrinites. Vitrinites are usually the most abundant, and therefore most important, maceral group in bituminous coal. 8 refs.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Annual Conference - Microbeam Analysis Society","conferenceTitle":"Microbeam Analysis 1983, Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the Microbeam Analysis Society.","conferenceLocation":"Phoenix, AZ, USA","language":"English","issn":"01466275","usgsCitation":"Minkin, J., Chao, E.C., Thompson, C., Wandless, M., Dulong, F., Larson, R., and Neuzil, S., 1983, SUBMICROSCOPIC ( less than 1 mu m) MINERAL CONTENTS OF VITRINITES IN SELECTED BITUMINOUS COAL BEDS., in Proceedings, Annual Conference - Microbeam Analysis Society, Phoenix, AZ, USA, p. 27-30.","startPage":"27","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aafa0e4b0c8380cd876cb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gooley Ron","contributorId":128415,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Gooley Ron","id":536243,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Minkin, J.A.","contributorId":38588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minkin","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chao, E. C. T.","contributorId":96713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, C.L.","contributorId":12189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wandless, M.-V.","contributorId":54611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandless","given":"M.-V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dulong, F.T.","contributorId":81490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulong","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larson, R.R.","contributorId":29803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Neuzil, S.G.","contributorId":73339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70012038,"text":"70012038 - 1983 - Sea ice melting in the marginal ice zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T16:13:08.959399","indexId":"70012038","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9107,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea ice melting in the marginal ice zone","docAbstract":"

The heat and salt flux boundary conditions together with the freezing curve relationship are a necessary component of any ice-sea water thermodynamic model. A neutral two-layer oceanic planetary boundary layer model that incorporates these boundary conditions gives the following results: The interfacial salinity is within 10% of the far-field salinity for conditions commonly encountered in the MIZ and depends only on the turbulent Lewis number and the far-field temperature and salinity. The predicted melt rates agree with the limited field observations, of the order of 1 m day−1. The Obukov lengths, determined from the predicted interface conditions and melt rates, are generally much greater than the Ekman layer thicknesses; hence, the surface buoyancy flux has little effect on the turbulence in the planetary boundary layer.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JC088iC05p02841","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Josberger, E., 1983, Sea ice melting in the marginal ice zone: Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans, v. 88, no. C5, p. 2841-2844, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC088iC05p02841.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2841","endPage":"2844","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222571,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"C5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b87dae4b08c986b3166b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010882,"text":"70010882 - 1983 - Geochemistry of diverse basalt types from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii: Petrogenetic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T12:23:28.677466","indexId":"70010882","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of diverse basalt types from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii: Petrogenetic implications","docAbstract":"

The wide variety of basalt types, tholeiitic to basanite, dredged from Loihi Seamount have minor and trace element abundances that are characteristic of subaerial Hawaiian basalts, thereby confirming that Loihi Seamount is a manifestation of the Hawaiian “hot spot”. Within the Loihi sample suite there are well-defined positive correlations among abundances of highly incompatible elements (P, K, Rb, Ba, Nb, light REE and Ta) and moderately incompatible elements (Sr, Ti, Zr and Hf) and between MgO, Ni and Cr. However, within the Loihi suite abundance ratios of geochemically similar elements (Zr/Hf, Nb/Ta and La/Ce) vary by factors of 1.2–1.5 and abundance ratios of highly incompatible elements such as P/Ce, P/Th, K/Rb, Ba/Th and La/Nb vary by factors of 1.2–2.5. These abundance ratios are not readily changed by different degrees of fractionation and melting. Therefore, we conclude that these samples are not genetically related by different degrees of melting of a compositionally homogeneous source.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(83)90150-4","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Frey, F., and Clague, D., 1983, Geochemistry of diverse basalt types from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii: Petrogenetic implications: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 66, no. C, p. 337-355, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90150-4.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"355","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221075,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Loihi Seamount","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.84644223051137,\n 19.018384195480664\n ],\n [\n -155.84644223051137,\n 18.357352174521424\n ],\n [\n -155.11252044044363,\n 18.357352174521424\n ],\n [\n -155.11252044044363,\n 19.018384195480664\n ],\n [\n -155.84644223051137,\n 19.018384195480664\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16f3e4b0c8380cd55316","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frey, F.A.","contributorId":12618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frey","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012053,"text":"70012053 - 1983 - DETERMINATION OF MODE OF OCCURRENCE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL BED USING SIZE AND DENSITY SEPARATION PROCEDURES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:44","indexId":"70012053","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"DETERMINATION OF MODE OF OCCURRENCE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL BED USING SIZE AND DENSITY SEPARATION PROCEDURES.","docAbstract":"A procedure has been developed using low temperature ashing, followed by size and sink-float separation of the ash, X-ray diffraction analysis, and instrumental neutron activation analysis to give both qualitative and quantitative information for major, minor and trace minerals and their associated trace elements in coal.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings - 1983 International Conference on Coal Science.","conferenceLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA, USA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Palmer, C., and Filby, R., 1983, DETERMINATION OF MODE OF OCCURRENCE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL BED USING SIZE AND DENSITY SEPARATION PROCEDURES., Proceedings - 1983 International Conference on Coal Science., Pittsburgh, PA, USA, p. 365-368.","startPage":"365","endPage":"368","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd43e4b0c8380cd4e71d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palmer, C.A.","contributorId":81894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Filby, R.H.","contributorId":26071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filby","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011257,"text":"70011257 - 1983 - Paleohydraulic reconstruction of flash- flood peaks from boulder deposits in the Colorado Front Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T12:32:31.770285","indexId":"70011257","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleohydraulic reconstruction of flash- flood peaks from boulder deposits in the Colorado Front Range","docAbstract":"

Nine watersheds in the Colorado Front Range with steep bedrock channels were used to test the accuracy of paleohydraulic reconstruction of large flash floods using boulder deposits. The nine basins consist of eight small ungauged basins ranging in size from 1.6 to 29 km2 and the Big Thompson River at the mouth of the Big Thompson Canyon, draining 790 km2. Between 1923 and 1976, all nine basins had had one catastrophic flash flood, the magnitude of which has been estimated by the conventional slope-area method.

In each basin, coarse boulder deposits of the large flash floods were identified, and three axes of the five largest boulders were measured, along with at least two profiles of the valley cross section. A simple arithmetic average of two theoretical and two empirical relationships was used to estimate average flood velocity using boulder size and shape. Average depth was estimated as the arithmetic average of four values computed from the Manning equation, a regression equation for boulder size and unit stream power, a relative smoothness equation, and a modified Shields' relationship. The appropriate flood width for the estimated average depth was found by iteration, using the valley cross sections.

The paleohydraulic discharges thus computed generally underestimate conventional slope-area discharge estimates on small streams by as much as 75%, although the average amount is only 28% too low, and the reconstructed discharge in one stream was 31% too large. The Big Thompson River flood of 1976 was overestimated by 76%. Reasons for discrepancy in reconstructed peaks could include (1) the possibility that floods may have been able to move boulders larger than those available to be moved; (2) overestimation of the slope-area discharge because high-water marks were set prior to erosion of the channel; (3) underestimation of original roughness coefficients; and (4) macroturbulent effects during fast, deep flows.

The paleohydraulic technique is applied to two other streams in Colorado with sedimentological evidence of large flash floods, but no conventional indirect discharge estimates. A small tributary to the Big Thompson River draining 1.8 km2 has a paleohydraulic reconstructed flood peak of about 60 m3/s from a flood in 1976. Using boulders excavated from a foundation site in Holocene alluvium along Boulder Creek in Boulder, Colorado, a paleohydraulic reconstructed flood peak of between 860 and 1,512 m3/s is calculated. This is 1.4 to 2.4 times the magnitude of the estimated 500-yr flood.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<986:PROFPF>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Costa, J.E., 1983, Paleohydraulic reconstruction of flash- flood peaks from boulder deposits in the Colorado Front Range: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 94, no. 8, p. 986-1004, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<986:PROFPF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"986","endPage":"1004","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220694,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73f4e4b0c8380cd7734b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Costa, J. E.","contributorId":28977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011249,"text":"70011249 - 1983 - VARIATIONS IN MINERAL MATTER CONTENT OF A PEAT DEPOSIT IN MAINE RESTING ON GLACIO-MARINE SEDIMENTS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:29","indexId":"70011249","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"VARIATIONS IN MINERAL MATTER CONTENT OF A PEAT DEPOSIT IN MAINE RESTING ON GLACIO-MARINE SEDIMENTS.","docAbstract":"The Great Heath, Washington County, Maine, is an excellent example of a multidomed ombrotrophic peatland resting on a gently undulating surface of glacio-marine sediments and towering above modern streams. A comprehensive study sponsored by the Geological Survey of Maine in cooperation with the U. S. Geological Survey included preparation of a contoured surficial geology map on which are located 81 core sites. Eight cross sections accompany the map showing occurrence and thickness of three types of organic material and locations of cored sample analyses. Refs.","largerWorkTitle":"Los Alamos National Laboratory (Report) LA","conferenceTitle":"Mineral Matter in Peat: Its Occurrence, Form, and Distribution.","conferenceLocation":"Los Alamos, NM, USA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Cameron, C., and Schruben, P., 1983, VARIATIONS IN MINERAL MATTER CONTENT OF A PEAT DEPOSIT IN MAINE RESTING ON GLACIO-MARINE SEDIMENTS., in Los Alamos National Laboratory (Report) LA, Los Alamos, NM, USA, p. 63-76.","startPage":"63","endPage":"76","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0e5e4b08c986b32a3a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cameron, Cornelia C.","contributorId":103002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cameron","given":"Cornelia C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schruben, Paul","contributorId":30249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schruben","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011253,"text":"70011253 - 1983 - INTERACTIVE NAME PLACEMENT FOR PROVISIONAL MAPS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:08","indexId":"70011253","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"INTERACTIVE NAME PLACEMENT FOR PROVISIONAL MAPS.","docAbstract":"Computer generation and placement of map type has been refined into a production mode at Mid-Continent Mapping Center (MCMC) for USGS 1:24,000- and 1:25,000-scale Provisional maps. The map collar program is written in FORTRAN using batch processing that allows the program to work in the background.","largerWorkTitle":"Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping.","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Congress on Surveying & Mapping","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","usgsCitation":"Goldberg, J.L., and Miller, T.C., 1983, INTERACTIVE NAME PLACEMENT FOR PROVISIONAL MAPS., in Technical Papers of the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping, Washington, DC, USA, p. 314-321.","startPage":"314","endPage":"321","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37d0e4b0c8380cd611b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldberg, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":59947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Thomas C.","contributorId":13752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011254,"text":"70011254 - 1983 - Kinetic analysis of strontium and potassium sorption onto sands and gravels in a natural channel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T09:40:18","indexId":"70011254","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinetic analysis of strontium and potassium sorption onto sands and gravels in a natural channel","docAbstract":"

A kinetic, first-order mass transfer model was used to describe the sorption of strontium onto sand- and gravel-sized streambed sediments. Rate parameters, empirically determined for strontium, allowed for the prediction of potassium sorption with moderate success. The model parameters varied significantly with particle size. The sorption data were collected during an experimental injection of several elements into a small mountain pool-and-riffle stream. The sorption process onto sand- and gravel-sized sediment was relatively slow compared to changes in the dissolved concentrations.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR019i003p00725","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., Jackman, A.P., Kennedy, V.C., Avanzino, R.J., and Zellweger, G.W., 1983, Kinetic analysis of strontium and potassium sorption onto sands and gravels in a natural channel: Water Resources Research, v. 19, no. 3, p. 725-731, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR019i003p00725.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"725","endPage":"731","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40a3e4b0c8380cd64f07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":360671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackman, Alan P.","contributorId":28239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackman","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, Vance C.","contributorId":102063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Vance","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Avanzino, Ronald J.","contributorId":24355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zellweger, Gary W.","contributorId":71171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70011461,"text":"70011461 - 1983 - Authigenic vivianite in Potomac River sediments: control by ferric oxy-hydroxides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T23:33:50.21923","indexId":"70011461","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Authigenic vivianite in Potomac River sediments: control by ferric oxy-hydroxides","docAbstract":"

Sand-size particles of vivianite (Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .8H 2 O) have been identified in surficial sediments of the tidal Potomac River near a major sewage treatment plant. Vivianite is concentrated in a surface layer of coarse-sand dredge spoil, which overlies much finer sediment. Although saturation indices indicate that the pore waters of virtually all the sediments in the study area are supersaturated with respect to vivianite, it is found only in association with dredge spoil. Pore-water profiles of Fe, P, and Eh, and the size and morphology of individual grains, indicate that the vivianite is authigenic. The major control on the occurrence of the mineral is the presence or absence of amorphous ferric oxy-hydroxides, which react with pore-water phosphorus to form stable ferric hydroxy-phosphates preferentially to the formation of vivianite.--Modified journal abstract.

","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F817F-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Hearn, P., Parkhurst, D., and Callender, E., 1983, Authigenic vivianite in Potomac River sediments: control by ferric oxy-hydroxides: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 53, no. 1, p. 165-177, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F817F-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221666,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eeeee4b0c8380cd4a042","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearn, P.P.","contributorId":18380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"P.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkhurst, D.L.","contributorId":12474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Callender, E.","contributorId":72528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70164341,"text":"70164341 - 1983 - Research in seismology and earthquake engineering in Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-21T15:03:55","indexId":"70164341","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Research in seismology and earthquake engineering in Venezuela","docAbstract":"

Venezuela has been affected by destructive earthquakes for the past four centuries. According to entries in the national seismic catalog, there have been about 180 earthquakes which have caused some type of damage to the country. The most catastrophic earthquake occurred on March 26, 1812, on the Bocono fault system and caused widespread destruction in the cities of Merida and Caracas and claimed an estimated 30,000 lives.

\n

After the July 29, 1967, damaging earthquake (with a moderate magnitude of 6.3) caused widespread damage to the northern coastal area of Venezuela and to the Caracas Valley, the Venezuelan Government decided to establish a Presidential Earthquake Commission. This commission undertook the task of coordinating the efforts to study the after-effects of the earthquake. The July 1967 earthquake claimed numerous lives and caused extensive damage to the capital of Venezuela. In 1968, the U.S Geological Survey conducted a seismological field study in the northern coastal area and in the Caracas Valley of Venezuela. the objective was to study the area that sustained severe, moderate, and no damage to structures. A reported entitled Ground Amplification Studies in Earthquake Damage Areas: The Caracas Earthquake of 1967 documented, for the first time, short-period seismic wave ground-motion amplifications in the Caracas Valley. Figure 1 shows the area of severe damage in the Los Palos Grantes suburb and the correlation with depth of alluvium and the arabic numbers denote the ground amplification factor at each site in the area. the Venezuelan Government initiated many programs to study in detail the damage sustained and to investigate the ongoing construction practices. These actions motivated professionals in the academic, private, and Government sectors to develops further capabilities and self-sufficiency in the fields of engineering and seismology. Allocation of funds was made to assist in training professionals and technicians and in developing new seismological stations and new programs at the national level in earthquake engineering and seismology. A brief description of the ongoing programs in Venezuela is listed below. these programs are being performed by FUNVISIS and by other national organizations listed at the end of this article.   

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