{"pageNumber":"1524","pageRowStart":"38075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46677,"records":[{"id":70171183,"text":"70171183 - 1987 - Use of low-altitude aerial photography to identify submersed aquatic macrophytes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T12:56:10","indexId":"70171183","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of low-altitude aerial photography to identify submersed aquatic macrophytes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The feasibility of using low-altitude aerial photography to identify beds of submersed macrophytes is demonstrated. True color aerial photos and collateral ground survey information for submersed aquatic macrophyte beds at 10 sites in the St.Clair-Detroit River system were obtained in September 1978. Using the photos and collateral ground survey information, a dichotomous key was developed for the identification of six classes - beds of five genera of macrophytes and one substrate type. A test was prepared to determine how accurately photo interpreters could identify the six classes. The test required an interpreter to examine an unlabeled, outlined area on photographs and identify it using the key. Six interpreters were tested. One pair of interpreters was trained in the interpretation of a variety of aerial photos, a second pair had field experience in the collection and identification of submersed macrophytes in the river system, and a third pair had neither training in the interpretation of aerial photos nor field experience. The criteria that we developed were applied equally well by the interpretors, regardless of their training or experience. Overall accuracy (i.e., omission errors) of all six classes combined was 68% correct, whereas, overall accuracy of individual classes ranged from 50 to 100% correct. Mapping accuracy (i.e. omission and commission errors) of individual classes ranged from 36 to 75%. Although the key developed for this study has only limited application outside the context of the data and sites examined in this study, it is concluded that low-altitude aerial photography, together with limited amounts of collateral ground survey information, can be used to economically identify beds of submersed macrophytes in the St. Clair-Detroit River system and other similar water bodies.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Color aerial photography in the plant sciences and related fields : proceedings of the Tenth Biennial Workshop on Color Aerial Photography in the Plant Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Tenth Biennial Workshop on Color Aerial Photography in the Plant Sciences","conferenceDate":"May 21-24, 1985","conferenceLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, D.W., Manny, B.A., Brown, C.L., and Jaworski, E., 1987, Use of low-altitude aerial photography to identify submersed aquatic macrophytes, <i>in</i> Color aerial photography in the plant sciences and related fields : proceedings of the Tenth Biennial Workshop on Color Aerial Photography in the Plant Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, May 21-24, 1985, p. 19-28.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"28","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321638,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccc7e4b07e28b662dd71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, Donald W. dschloesser@usgs.gov","contributorId":3579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Donald","email":"dschloesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Charles L.","contributorId":102421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaworski, Eugene","contributorId":103767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaworski","given":"Eugene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70179995,"text":"70179995 - 1987 - Developing a state water plan: Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T14:09:59.521814","indexId":"70179995","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":110,"text":"Cooperative Investigations Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"27","title":"Developing a state water plan: Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1987","docAbstract":"<p> This is the twenty-fourth in a Series of annual reports that describe ground-water Conditions in Utah. Reports in the series, prepared cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah Division of Water Resources, provide data to enable interested parties to keep abreast of changing ground-water conditions.</p><p>This report, like the others in the series, contains information on well Construction, ground-water withdrawals from wells, Water-level changes, and related changes in precipitation and streamflow. Supplementary data such as graphs showing chemical quality of Water and maps showing water-level contours are included in reports of this series only for those years or areas for which applicable data are available and are important to a discussion of changing ground-water conditions.</p><p>The report includes individual discussions of Selected major areas of ground-water development in the State for the calendar year 1986. Water-level fluctuations, however, are described for spring 1986 to spring 1987. Much of the data used in the report were collected by the Geological Survey in cooperation with the Division of Water Rights, Utah Department of Natural Resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Utah","usgsCitation":"Wilberg, D.E., Smith, G.J., Roark, D.M., Lambert, P.M., Jensen, V., Cordy, G.E., Burden, C.B., Enright, M., Emett, D.C., Thiros, S.A., Sandberg, G.W., Puchta, R.W., and Herbert, L.R., 1987, Developing a state water plan: Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1987: Cooperative Investigations Report 27, vii, 80 p.","productDescription":"vii, 80 p.","numberOfPages":"88","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science 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J.","contributorId":80767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roark, D. Michael mroark@usgs.gov","contributorId":127806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roark","given":"D.","email":"mroark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lambert, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6808-2303 plambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6808-2303","contributorId":349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Patrick","email":"plambert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jensen, V.L.","contributorId":99034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"V.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cordy, Gail E.","contributorId":94296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordy","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burden, Carole B. cburden@usgs.gov","contributorId":852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burden","given":"Carole","email":"cburden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Enright, Michael","contributorId":99979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enright","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Emett, D. C.","contributorId":21213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emett","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sandberg, G. W.","contributorId":55426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Puchta, R. W","contributorId":177482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Puchta","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Herbert, L. R.","contributorId":39865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70199577,"text":"70199577 - 1987 - Calculation of solar radiation in mountainous terrain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T20:59:25","indexId":"70199577","displayToPublicDate":"1986-07-23T20:58:53","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calculation of solar radiation in mountainous terrain","docAbstract":"<p><span>A study was performed to assess the accuracy of a daily solar radiation model for horizontal or sloping sites in terrain where surrounding ridges and tall trees block both direct beam and diffuse sky short wave radiation. To simulate adequately the major effects of these environments on radiation, the model incorporated (1) standard treatment of solar geometry (after Harris, 1983); (2) separation of direct and diffuse radiation by considering scattering and absorption due to aerosols, water vapor, air molecules and ozone (after Iqbal, 1983); (3) anisotropy of diffuse radiation modeled as a circumsolar component (15–50% of the total clear sky diffuse) plus an isotropic background; and (4) proper calculation of the proportions of sky radiation and ground reflected radiation sensed by both horizontal and inclined sensors. The model was calibrated using data from both horizontal and inclined pyranometers at six sites over four years. Values for the Ångstrom turbidity coefficient and the percentage of circumsolar diffuse radiation were determined using an iterative best fit technique. Mean monthly values of these coefficients and mean monthly ozone and water vapor concentrations from nearby weather service stations could be used for predicting total, cloud free, daily radiation with acceptable accuracy. Required site measurements include slope, aspect, latitude, longitude, date, time, effective horizon for the site, and an assessment of albedo for the surrounding terrain (including vegetation).</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0168-1923(87)90061-X","usgsCitation":"Flint, A.L., and Childs, S., 1987, Calculation of solar radiation in mountainous terrain: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 40, no. 3, p. 233-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(87)90061-X.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"249","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357593,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Childs, S.W.","contributorId":26449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70231785,"text":"70231785 - 1987 - The use of remote sensing data in geographic information systems for hydrologic studies in developing countries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-26T14:03:02.725444","indexId":"70231785","displayToPublicDate":"1986-06-01T08:49:54","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The use of remote sensing data in geographic information systems for hydrologic studies in developing countries","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Study week on: Remote sensing and its impact on developing countries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Study week on: Remote sensing and its impact on developing countries","conferenceDate":"June 16-21, 1986","conferenceLocation":"Vatican City, Rome, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"Pontifical Academy of Sciences","usgsCitation":"Moore, D.G., 1987, The use of remote sensing data in geographic information systems for hydrologic studies in developing countries, <i>in</i> Study week on: Remote sensing and its impact on developing countries, Vatican City, Rome, Italy, June 16-21, 1986, p. 391-411.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"391","endPage":"411","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":401147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":401146,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.pas.va/en/publications/scripta-varia/sv68pas.html"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Chagas, Carlos","contributorId":292122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chagas","given":"Carlos","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":843826,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Canuto, Vittorio","contributorId":292123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Canuto","given":"Vittorio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":843827,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Moore, D. G.","contributorId":7285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":843825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70200471,"text":"70200471 - 1987 - Resource assessments, geologic deposit models, and offshore minerals with an example of heavy-mineral sands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T11:17:08","indexId":"70200471","displayToPublicDate":"1985-10-18T14:30:07","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5768,"text":"NATO Science Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"displayTitle":"Resource assessments, geologic deposit models, and offshore minerals with an example of heavy-mineral sands","title":"Resource assessments, geologic deposit models, and offshore minerals with an example of heavy-mineral sands","docAbstract":"<p><span>A resource assessment method for offshore minerals based on descriptive and grade-tonnage models is proposed. Historical development and applications of this method are summarized. Based on this approach, descriptive and quantitative deposit models for strand-line titanium placer deposits have been developed. Descriptive statistics were also computed using the worldwide deposit data set upon which the grade-tonnage models are based. Certain guidelines and limitations in applying onshore titanium deposit models to offshore assessment and exploration must, however, be observed. The descriptive model points out the specific features of strandline titanium placer deposits which can be of use in selection of areas for exploration; the grade-tonnage models display the expected size distribution for this type of deposit. Used with an estimate of expected number of deposits, this information can be applied to quantify probable values associated with deposits of this type within a given area.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine minerals ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-94-009-3803-8_32","isbn":"978-94-010-8192-4","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., DeYoung, J.H., Force, E.R., and Grosz, A., 1987, Resource assessments, geologic deposit models, and offshore minerals with an example of heavy-mineral sands, chap. <i>of</i> Marine minerals : NATO Science Series, v. 194, p. 485-513, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3803-8_32.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"513","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"194","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Teleki, P. G.","contributorId":31137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teleki","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749043,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dobson, M.R.","contributorId":100858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749044,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":194909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749045,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"U., von Stackelberg","contributorId":209895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"U.","given":"von","email":"","middleInitial":"Stackelberg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749046,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeYoung, J. H.","contributorId":75908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeYoung","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Force, E. R.","contributorId":28235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Force","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grosz, Andrew agrosz@usgs.gov","contributorId":4774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosz","given":"Andrew","email":"agrosz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":749035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":27113,"text":"wri854249 - 1986 - Tests for injecting, storing, and recovering freshwater in a saline artesian aquifer, Lee County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-13T12:14:00.666515","indexId":"wri854249","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-12T20:25:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4249","title":"Tests for injecting, storing, and recovering freshwater in a saline artesian aquifer, Lee County, Florida","docAbstract":"An investigation was made of the suitability of a saline, artesian limestone aquifer for the injection, storage, and recovery of freshwater from the Caloosahatchee River. The tests were conducted on a well tapping a leaky artesian system that has a transmissivity of 800 square feet per day, a storage of 1 x 10-4, and a leakance of 0.01 per day. The specific capacity of the injection well was increased through acidizing and was decreased as a result of well clogging during injection.\r\n\r\nThree injection tests were made wherein the amounts of freshwater injected, the storage duration, and the quality of water injected varied. Analysis of the test data showed that freshwater recoverability ranged from 9.7 to 38.7 percent of the total injected. Differences were attributed principally to differences in the quality of water injected and storage duration. Repeated injection-recovery cycles probably would result in greater recoverability. Head buildup, nearly 200 feet in one test, was a prime problem related chiefly to clogging from suspended material in the injected water and to bacterial growth at the wellbore-limestone interface. Regular backflushing was required. Total head buildup decreased as a result of acidizing the injection well.\r\n\r\nNo coliforms or fecal streptococcus were noted in the recovered water. Growth of anaerobic bacteria occurred. Changes in the quality of the recovered water included decreases in concentration of dissolved organic carbon by as much as 15 mg/L (milligrams per liter), organic nitrogen by as much as 0.80 mg/L, and nitrate by as much as 0.50 mg/L. Increases were noted in ammonia by 0.40 mg/L, and iron by as much as 0.60 mg/L. These changes are consistent with the presence of an anaerobic bacterial ecosystem.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri854249","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Lee County and the South Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, D., 1986, Tests for injecting, storing, and recovering freshwater in a saline artesian aquifer, Lee County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4249, v, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854249.","productDescription":"v, 53 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4249/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":55972,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4249/wri854249.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 85-4249"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Lee County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.11456298828124,\n              26.474260922876063\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.81243896484375,\n              26.474260922876063\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.81243896484375,\n              26.79588031886341\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.11456298828124,\n              26.79588031886341\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.11456298828124,\n              26.474260922876063\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b41b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, D. J.","contributorId":33313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27777,"text":"wri864200 - 1986 - Chemical effects of highway runoff on the surficial aquifer, Broward County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-13T12:12:57.796106","indexId":"wri864200","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-12T20:25:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4200","displayTitle":"Chemical Effects of Highway Runoff on the Surficial Aquifer, Broward County, Florida","title":"Chemical effects of highway runoff on the surficial aquifer, Broward County, Florida","docAbstract":"In many areas of Broward County, swales are commonly designed to accept stormwater runoff from highways. Two sites adjacent to heavily traveled highways were studied to determine if stormwater percolating through unsaturated sand underlying the swales may affect the quality of water in the Biscayne aquifer. Concentrations of selected chemicals common in highway runoff were measured in swale stormwater, in the unsaturated-zone percolate, and in the surficial aquifer during 12 storms, May through November 1983. Analyses of the unsaturated lithologic material at the two sites and one control site were also made to indicate the extent of vertical attenuation of selected chemical constituents. Results of trace metal nutrient analyses indicated that there is no obvious water-quality effect on the surficial aquifer caused by highway runoff. In general, the data collected for dissolved trace metals indicated slight concentrations in stormwater samples with subsurface water samples usually indicating decreases in concentration below about 0.5 to 1 ft of unsaturated material. For most trace metals, the apparent decreases with depth were statistically significant based on nonparametric analysis of variance. Concentrations of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus, however, were somewhat homogeneous and were not inferred to be significantly different with depth. Water hardness as calcium carbonate at both sites indicated a significant difference with depth because of calcium carbonate solution, but the effect of percolate hardness on the shallow groundwater was negligible because of regional mixing. The analyses of lithologic material at the two test sites indicated significant near-surface accumulation of some trace elements. For example, in the first foot below land surface, concentrations of iron, lead, and zinc were detected in the 1 to 7 mg/kg range, with concentrations decreasing sharply at lower depths. This near-surface accumulation was not indicated in the lithologic material at the control site. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri864200","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Broward County Water Resources Management Division","usgsCitation":"Howie, B., and Waller, B., 1986, Chemical effects of highway runoff on the surficial aquifer, Broward County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4200, iii, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864200.","productDescription":"iii, 41 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4200/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":56620,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4200/wri864200.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.97 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 86-4200"}],"country":"United 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href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499be4b07f02db5bb42c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howie, Barbara","contributorId":54248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howie","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waller, B.G.","contributorId":75970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":57490,"text":"wdrMDDE851 - 1986 - Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T19:34:12.728522","indexId":"wdrMDDE851","displayToPublicDate":"2021-01-22T14:45:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MD-DE-85-1","displayTitle":"Water Resources Data Maryland and Delaware, Water Year 1985","title":"Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1985","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMDDE851","usgsCitation":"James, R., Simmons, R., and Strain, B., 1986, Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MD-DE-85-1, 287 p., 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 \"}}]}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fce38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, R.W.","contributorId":70434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simmons, R.H.","contributorId":19982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strain, B.F.","contributorId":76388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strain","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70179994,"text":"70179994 - 1986 - Developing a state water plan: Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T17:41:59","indexId":"70179994","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":110,"text":"Cooperative Investigations Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"26","title":"Developing a state water plan: Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1986","docAbstract":"<p>This is the twenty-third in a series of annual reports that describe ground-water conditions in Utah. Reports in this series, published cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah Division of Water Resources, provide data to enable interested parties to keep abreast of changing ground-water conditions.</p><p>This report, like the others in the series, contains information on well construction, ground-water withdrawals from wells, water-level changes, and related changes in precipitation and streamflow. Supplementary data such as graphs showing chemical quality of water and maps showing water-level contours are included in reports of this series only for those years or areas for which applicable data are available and are important to a discussion of changing ground-water conditions.</p><p>This report includes individual discussions of selected major areas of ground-water development in the State for the calendar year 1985. Water-level fluctuations, however, are described from the spring of 1985 to the spring of 1986. Much of the data used in this report were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Division of Water Rights, Utah Department of Natural Resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Utah","usgsCitation":"Mason, J.L., Smith, G.J., Roark, D.M., Lambert, P.M., Jensen, V., Wilberg, D.E., Burden, C.B., Garrett, R., Emett, D.C., Duncanson, S., Sandberg, G.W., Puchta, R.W., and Herbert, L.R., 1986, Developing a state water plan: Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1986: Cooperative Investigations Report 26, vii, 83 p.","productDescription":"vii, 83 p.","numberOfPages":"92","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333654,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333653,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=50-1-179"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5883303be4b0d00231637828","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, James L.","contributorId":14397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, G. J.","contributorId":80767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roark, D. Michael mroark@usgs.gov","contributorId":127806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roark","given":"D.","email":"mroark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lambert, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6808-2303 plambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6808-2303","contributorId":349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Patrick","email":"plambert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jensen, V.L.","contributorId":99034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"V.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilberg, Dale E.","contributorId":101275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilberg","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burden, Carole B. cburden@usgs.gov","contributorId":852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burden","given":"Carole","email":"cburden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Garrett, R. B.","contributorId":35810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Emett, D. C.","contributorId":21213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emett","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Duncanson, Susan","contributorId":178538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duncanson","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sandberg, G. W.","contributorId":55426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Puchta, R. W","contributorId":177482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Puchta","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Herbert, L. R.","contributorId":39865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70178916,"text":"70178916 - 1986 - Program for monitoring the chemical quality of ground water in Utah – Summary of data collected through 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-12T11:33:48","indexId":"70178916","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"88","title":"Program for monitoring the chemical quality of ground water in Utah – Summary of data collected through 1984","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey formally started a program for monitoring ground-water quality in Utah during 1957 in cooperation with the State of Utah. Most observation wells in the monitoring network are privately owned. Initially, the network consisted of fewer than 50 wells; by 1984, however, it had expanded to include more than 200 wells. Chemical analyses are available for water from some of the wells from as early as 1927, long before those wells were formally added to the network. The monitoring program was initiated to detect any changes in chemical quality that might be associated with the withdrawal of water from wells.</p><p>Dissolved-solids concentrations in water samples collected from the observation wells through 1984 ranged from 92 to 19,000 milligrams per liter. An observation well in the Uinta Basin yielded the sample with the smallest dissolved-solids concentration, and another well in the Uinta Basin yielded the sample with the largest dissolved-solids concentration. There was a progressive increase in salinity of water produced by several of the observation wells in Pahvant Valley and in the Milford and Beryl-Enterprise areas. The increases in salinity occurred during 1950-84, coinciding with the decline of water levels due to pumping for irrigation. Water-quality changes related either to ground-water withdrawals or ground-water recharge also were detected in several other areas, including Curlew Valley, Cedar City Valley, Northern Utah Valley, the lower Bear River valley, and the Sevier Desert.</p><p>Water produced from wells in Goshen Valley and the upper Fremont River valley had short term increases in chloride, sulfate, and dissolved-solids concentrations, indicating possible local contamination of the ground water. Also, since the late 1950's, dissolved-solids concentrations have increased in water produced by a well completed in the principal aquifer in Salt Lake Valley downgradient from areas where extensive use has been made of road salt.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Price, D., and Arnow, T., 1986, Program for monitoring the chemical quality of ground water in Utah – Summary of data collected through 1984: Technical Publication 88, vi,  119 p.","productDescription":"vi,  119 p.","numberOfPages":"126","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science 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,{"id":70176583,"text":"70176583 - 1986 - Glacier volume estimation of Cascade Volcanoes: An analysis and comparison with other methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-31T02:40:23.849693","indexId":"70176583","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacier volume estimation of Cascade Volcanoes: An analysis and comparison with other methods","docAbstract":"<p>During the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, the occurrence of floods and mudflows made apparent a need to assess mudflow hazards on other Cascade volcanoes. A basic requirement for such analysis is information about the volume and distribution of snow and ice on these volcanoes.</p><p>An analysis was made of the volume-estimation methods developed by previous authors and a volume estimation method was developed for use in the Cascade Range. A radio echo-sounder, carried in a backpack, was used to make point measurements of ice thickness on major glaciers of four Cascade volcanoes (Mount Rainier, Washington; Mount Hood and the Three Sisters, Oregon; and Mount Shasta, California). These data were used to generate ice-thickness maps and bedrock topographic maps for developing and testing volume-estimation methods. Subsequently, the methods were applied to the unmeasured glaciers on those mountains and, as a test of the geographical extent of applicability, to glaciers beyond the Cascades having measured volumes.</p><p>Two empirical relationships were required in order to predict volumes for all the glaciers. Generally, for glaciers less than 2.6 km in length, volume was found to be estimated best by using glacier area, raised to a power. For longer glaciers, volume was found to be estimated best by using a power law relationship, including slope and shear stress. The necessary variables can be estimated from topographic maps and aerial photographs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, UK","doi":"10.3189/S0260305500001142","usgsCitation":"Driedger, C.L., and Kennard, P., 1986, Glacier volume estimation of Cascade Volcanoes: An analysis and comparison with other methods: Annals of Glaciology, v. 8, p. 59-64, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0260305500001142.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"64","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480119,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500001142","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328832,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Hood, Mount Rainier, Mount Shasta, Three Sisters","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": 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     -121.7213850968298,\n              44.12222155719891\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.71566531715206,\n              44.16967787645362\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.75105645390789,\n              44.19890223110957\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.7696457596514,\n              44.22310580413972\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.80289197902803,\n              44.21285750655923\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.82684355642834,\n              44.155947034486616\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.81969383183122,\n              44.10796630430576\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.8161189519599,\n              44.075615104735505\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.80682430998357,\n              44.05455161553249\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.77000322830837,\n              44.03784962212379\n            ],\n            [\n           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driedger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4011-4112","contributorId":537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driedger","given":"Carolyn","email":"driedger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennard, P.M.","contributorId":21573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennard","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162144,"text":"70162144 - 1986 - Family size and effective population size in a hatchery stock of coho salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-14T09:47:05","indexId":"70162144","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Family size and effective population size in a hatchery stock of coho salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Means and variances of family size measured in five year-classes of wire-tagged coho salmon (</span><i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i><span>) were linearly related. Population effective size was calculated by using estimated means and variances of family size in a 25-yr data set. Although numbers of age 3 adults returning to the hatchery appeared to be large enough to avoid inbreeding problems (the 25-yr mean exceeded 4500), the numbers actually contributing to the hatchery production may be too low. Several strategies are proposed to correct the problem perceived. Argument is given to support the contention that the problem of effective size is fairly general and is not confined to the present study population.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing ","doi":"10.1139/f86-302","usgsCitation":"Simon, R., McIntyre, J., and Hemmingsen, A., 1986, Family size and effective population size in a hatchery stock of coho salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 43, no. 12, p. 2434-2442, https://doi.org/10.1139/f86-302.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2434","endPage":"2442","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5698d4c9e4b0fbd3f7fa4c36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, R.C.","contributorId":34454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIntyre, J.D.","contributorId":27006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hemmingsen, A.R.","contributorId":84313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemmingsen","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046142,"text":"70046142 - 1986 - Geohydrology of the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer east-central Oklahoma with a section on chemical quality of water","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8675,"text":"ofr77487 - 1977 - Hydrologic data for the Vamoosa Aquifer, east-central Oklahoma","indexId":"ofr77487","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic data for the Vamoosa Aquifer, east-central Oklahoma"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70046142,"text":"70046142 - 1986 - Geohydrology of the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer east-central Oklahoma with a section on chemical quality of water","indexId":"70046142","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrology of the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer east-central Oklahoma with a section on chemical quality of water"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T00:19:18.616106","indexId":"70046142","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":244,"text":"Circular","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"87","title":"Geohydrology of the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer east-central Oklahoma with a section on chemical quality of water","docAbstract":"The Vamoosa-Ada aquifer, which underlies an area of about 2,320 mi<sup>2</sup>, consists principally of the Vamoosa Formation and the overlying Ada Group of Pennsylvanian age. Rocks comprising the aquifer were deposited in a nearshore environment ranging from marine on the west to nonmarine on the east. Because of changes in depositional environments with time and from place to place, the aquifer is a complex sequence of fine- to very fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, shale, and conglomerate, with interbedded very thin limestone. The aggregate thickness of water-bearing sandstones is greatest south of the Cimarron River, where it reaches a maximum of 550 ft in the vicinity of Seminole. North of the Cimarron River, the average aggregate thickness of the sandstones is about 100 ft, but locally it may be as much as 200 ft. Transmissivity values derived from seven aquifer tests made for this study range from 70 to 490 ft<sup>2</sup> per day; values decrease from south to north with decreasing sandstone thickness. Hydraulic-conductivity values range from 2 to 4 ft per day. Storage coefficients for the confined part of the aquifer, as determined from four aquifer tests made during 1944, have an average value of 0.0002. The average storage coefficient for the unconfined part of the aquifer is estimated at 0.12, based on an analysis of geophysical logs and grain-size data. The specific capacity of wells tested is generally less than 1 gallon per minute per foot of drawdown. An approximate hydrologic budget for the aquifer for 1975 gives values, in acre-feet per year, of 93,000 for recharge, 233,000 for runoff, and 2,003,000 for evapotranspiration. The total of these values is almost equal to the average annual precipitation of 2,330,000 acre-ft per year. The estimated amount of water containing a maximum of 1,500 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids stored in the aquifer is estimated at 60 million acre-ft. Of this amount, an estimated 36 million acre-ft is available for use. The quality of water in the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer generally is suitable for municipal, domestic, and stock use. Of 55 water samples analyzed in the laboratory, about 75 percent were of the sodium bicarbonate or sodium calcium bicarbonate type; the remainder were of the sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, sodium chloride, or indeterminate types. Laboratory and on-site chemical-quality data indicate that mineralization of both ground and surface waters is greater than normal in some areas. Water samples from 7 wells and 12 stream sites had concentrations of bromide exceeding 1 milligram per liter; the only known source of bromide in the area is brine associated with petroleum production.","language":"English","publisher":"Oklahoma Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the Oklahoma Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"D’Lugosz, J.J., McClaflin, R.G., and Marcher, M.V., 1986, Geohydrology of the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer east-central Oklahoma with a section on chemical quality of water: Circular 87, vi, 42 p.; Maps: 3 Sheets: 40 x 44 inches.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p.; Maps: 3 Sheets: 40 x 44 inches","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[{"id":634,"text":"Water Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272929,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ou.edu/ogs/publications/circulars/circularssearch"},{"id":272933,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70046142.png"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.0,33.62 ], [ -103.0,37.0 ], [ -94.43,37.0 ], [ -94.43,33.62 ], [ -103.0,33.62 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a5d1e9e4b0605bc571efbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"D’Lugosz, Joseph J.","contributorId":71172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Lugosz","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McClaflin, Roger G.","contributorId":50157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClaflin","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marcher, Melvin V.","contributorId":11590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcher","given":"Melvin","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038342,"text":"70038342 - 1986 - Water resources inventory of Connecticut Part 9: Farmington River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-30T10:06:57","indexId":"70038342","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T10:47:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":108,"text":"Connecticut Water Resources Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"29","title":"Water resources inventory of Connecticut Part 9: Farmington River basin","docAbstract":"<p>The Farmington River basin covers 435 square miles in north-central Connecticut upstream from Tariffville and downstream of the Massachusetts state line. Most water in the basin is derived from precipitation, which averages 48 inches (366 billion gallons) per year. An additional 67 billion gallons of water per year enters the basin from Massachusetts in the West Branch of the Farmington River, Hubbard River, Valley Brook and some smaller streams. Of the total 433 billion gallons, 174 billion gallons returns to the atmosphere through evaporation and transpiration. 239 billion gallons flows out of the study area in the Farmington River at Tariffville, and 20 billion gallons is diverted for Hartford water supply. Variations in streamflow at 23 continuous-record gaging stations are summarized in standardized graphs and tables that can be used to estimate streamflow characteristics at other sites. For example, mean flow and low-flow characteristics such as the 7-day annual minimum flow for 2-year and 10-year recurrence intervals, have been determined for many partial-record stations from the data for the 23 continuous-record stations. Of the 31 principal lakes, ponds, and reservoirs in the basin, eight have usable storage capacities of more than 1 billion gallons. Two of the largest, Colebrook River Lake and Barkhamsted Reservoir, have more than 30 billion gallons usable storage. Floods have occurred in the area in every month of the year. The greatest known flood on the Farmington River was in August 1955, which had a peak flow of 140,000 cubic feet per second at Collinsville. Since then, three major floodcontrol reservoirs have been constructed to reduce the hazards of high streamflow. The major aquifers underlying the basin are composed of unconsolidated materials (stratified drift and till) and bedrock (sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic). Stratified drift overlies till and bedrock in valleys and lowlands; it averages about 90 feet in thickness, and is capable of large sustained yields of water to individual wells. Based on hydrologic characteristics and available recharge, sixteen stratified-drift areas are selected as the most favorable for large-scale development. Potential yields can be estimated by several methods. Small water supplies can be obtained from all aquifers. Wells in bedrock yield at least one to two gallons per minute at most sites. The probability of adequate yields for domestic supply is greater from sedimentary than from crystalline bedrock and is also greater from stratified-drift overburden than from till. The quality of water from all sources in the basin is good except where adversely affected by swamp drainage, aquifer composition or human activities. The water is generally low in dissolved-solids concentration and is soft to moderately hard. Surface water is less mineralized than ground water, especially during high-flow conditions when it is primarily direct runoff. Samples of water collected from 20 streams during high flow had 34 mg/L median dissolved-solids concentration and 16 mg/L median hardness. Samples collected from the same sites at low flow had 52 mg/L median dissolved solids and 28 mg/L median hardness. In contrast, water from wells had 112 mg/L median dissolved-solids concentration and 60 mg/L median hardness. Iron and manganese occur in objectionable concentrations ~n a few parts of the basin where streams drain swamps and aquifers are rich in iron- and manganese-bearing minerals. Five percent of streams at high flow, 21 percent at low flow, and 7 percent of ground-water samples contained iron in sufficient concentration to cause stains on plumbing fixtures and laundry. Human activities have modified the quality of water in parts of the basin. The high bacterial content of the Pequabuck River. and the high nitrate and chloride concentrations in some ground-water samples, are evidence of man&rsquo;s influence. The quantity and quality of water in the basin&rsquo;s streams and aquifers are satisfactory for a wide variety of uses. and, with suitable treatment, may be used for most purposes. The total amount of water used by 21 principal public supplies within the basin was 29 billion gallons in 1970. About 70 percent of this was used for domestic and commercial purposes, and nearly 30 percent was used by industry. Analyses of water from these systems show good quality.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Handman, E.H., Haeni, F.P., and Thomas, M.P., 1986, Water resources inventory of Connecticut Part 9: Farmington River basin: Connecticut Water Resources Bulletin 29, Report: viii, 91 p.; 4 Plates: 38.67 x 42.36 inches and smaller.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 91 p.; 4 Plates: 38.67 x 42.36 inches and smaller","numberOfPages":"101","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286022,"rank":6,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70038342.jpg"},{"id":311385,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038342/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":286018,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038342/plate-a.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":286021,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038342/plate-d.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":286019,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038342/plate-b.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":286020,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038342/plate-c.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Farmington River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.30215454101562,\n              41.53839396783225\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.30215454101562,\n              42.04317376494972\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.68280029296875,\n              42.04317376494972\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.68280029296875,\n              41.53839396783225\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.30215454101562,\n              41.53839396783225\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcb7fe4b08c986b32d69f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Handman, Elinor H.","contributorId":31748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handman","given":"Elinor","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeni, F. Peter","contributorId":41479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Mendall P.","contributorId":104314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Mendall","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222130,"text":"5222130 - 1986 - The relationship between body mass and survival of wintering canvasbacks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-12T10:35:14","indexId":"5222130","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:02","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relationship between body mass and survival of wintering canvasbacks","docAbstract":"<p>Mass and recapture histories of 6,000 Canvasbacks (<i>Aythya valisineria</i>) banded in upper Chesapeake Bay were used to test two hypotheses: (1) early-winter body mass is associated with the probability of surviving the winter, and (2) early-winter body mass is associated with annual survival probability. Data were analyzed by a binary regression method that treated mass as a continuous variable and estimated parameters to describe a general relationship between body mass and survival probability. Results for adult males, which provided our largest data sets, presented strong evidence that birds with high relative early-winter masses had both greater overwinter and annual survival probabilities. Results of overwinter analyses necessarily are qualified by the alternative explanation of mass-dependent emigration, i.e. the possibility that lighter birds move south in response to cold weather and leave only heavy birds for recapture. Such a phenomenon remains to be documented. Results concerning annual survival probabilities are not vulnerable to this alternative explanation because of the strong fidelity of Canvasbacks at the banding site. Because of small sample size, data were inadequate to permit mass/survival inferences for adult females. Sample sizes were adequate for young Canvasbacks, but the results were less consistent than for adult males. Although early-winter body mass was associated positively with overwinter as well as annual survival for young Canvasbacks in some years, we suspect that the lack of established wintering patterns among these birds may underlie the less consistent result.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Haramis, G., Nichols, J., Pollock, K.H., and Hines, J., 1986, The relationship between body mass and survival of wintering canvasbacks: The Auk, v. 103, no. 3, p. 506-514.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"506","endPage":"514","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17759,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4087122 "}],"volume":"103","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6053e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haramis, G.M.","contributorId":101212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haramis","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5222095,"text":"5222095 - 1986 - Nest-site biology of the California condor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T14:19:34.13502","indexId":"5222095","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:01","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest-site biology of the California condor","docAbstract":"A study of 72 historical and recent nests of the California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus) has revealed considerable variability in nest-site characteristics. This paper primarily summarizes the data on nest elevations and dimensions, entrance orientations, nest longevity and re-use, vulnerability of sites to natural enemies, and use of sites by other species. Although all known nests have been natural cavities, some have been little more than overhung ledges on cliffs, while others have been deep, dark caves with nest chambers completely concealed from the outside. Two sites have been cavities in giant sequoias (Sequoiadendron giganteum). Contrary to previous assumptions, condors do modify the characteristics of their nest sites significantly and commonly construct substrates of coarse gravel on which to rest their eggs. Many nests have been completely accessible to terrestrial predators, many have been poorly protected from avian predators, and some have had structural flaws leading directly to nesting failure. The use of suboptimal sites has not been clearly related to a scarcity of better quality sites.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1368920","usgsCitation":"Snyder, N., Ramey, R., and Sibley, F., 1986, Nest-site biology of the California condor: Condor, v. 88, no. 2, p. 228-241, https://doi.org/10.2307/1368920.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"228","endPage":"241","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480122,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol88/iss2/13","text":"External Repository"},{"id":197949,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae77c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, N.F.R.","contributorId":59383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"N.F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramey, R.R.","contributorId":70883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sibley, F.C.","contributorId":79971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibley","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221499,"text":"5221499 - 1986 - Sources of variation in extinction rates, turnover, and diversity of marine invertebrate families during the Paleozoic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-06T13:41:30.624384","indexId":"5221499","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3001,"text":"Paleobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of variation in extinction rates, turnover, and diversity of marine invertebrate families during the Paleozoic","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-content\"><div class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"normal\"><p>We have recently shown how capture-recapture models can be used in conjunction with stratigraphic range data to estimate taxonomic extinction rates and taxonomic diversity. Here we present a new method that can be used to estimate taxonomic turnover (defined here as the proportion of taxa extant at time<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">i</span>, that originated in the interval<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">i</span><span>&nbsp;</span>– 1 to<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">i</span>). We used these methods in conjunction with stratigraphic range data for families in five phyla of Paleozoic marine invertebrates. We estimated fossil encounter probabilities, extinction rates, diversity, and turnover and used these estimates to test hypotheses about variation among phyla and geologic series. Encounter probabilities varied among taxa and showed evidence of a decrease over time for the geologic series examined. The number of families varied substantially among the five phyla and showed some evidence of an increase over the series examined. There was no evidence of variation in extinction probabilities among the phyla. Although there was evidence of temporal variation in extinction probabilities within phyla, there was no evidence of a linear decrease in extinction probabilities over time, as has been reported by others. We did find evidence of high extinction probabilities for the two intervals that had been identified by others as periods of mass extinction. We found no evidence of variation in turnover among the five phyla. There was evidence of temporal variation in turnover, with greater turnover occurring in the older series.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0094837300003146","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Morris, R., Brownie, C., and Pollock, K.H., 1986, Sources of variation in extinction rates, turnover, and diversity of marine invertebrate families during the Paleozoic: Paleobiology, v. 12, no. 4, p. 421-432, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0094837300003146.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"432","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196585,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e75eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morris, R.W.","contributorId":34577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brownie, C.","contributorId":43463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownie","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5222132,"text":"5222132 - 1986 - Potential impacts of agricultural chemicals on waterfowl and other wildlife inhabiting prairie wetlands: An evaluation of research needs and approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T15:18:01.639115","indexId":"5222132","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential impacts of agricultural chemicals on waterfowl and other wildlife inhabiting prairie wetlands: An evaluation of research needs and approaches","docAbstract":"The potential for agricultural chemicals to enter prairie-pothole wetlands and impact wildlife dependent on these wetlands for survival and reproduction appears to be great. However, the actual risk to wetland wildlife from the inputs of these chemicals cannot be adequately assessed at this time, because of insufficient data. Available data on the use of pesticides in the prairie-pothole region and the toxicity of these pesticides suggest that insecticides pose the greatest hazard to wetland wildlife, particularly birds. The majority of the most widely used insecticides within the region are very toxic to aquatic invertebrates and birds. Of particular concern are the impacts of agricultural chemicals on the quality of the remaining wetlands in the region and whether or not these impacts have contributed to observed declines in waterfowl populations. Although existing data suggest that adult and juvenile waterfowl may not be more sensitive to these chemicals than are other wetland wildlife, their food habits and feeding behaviors may make them more vulnerable to direct toxic effects or chemical-induced changes in the abundance of aquatic invertebrates. Laboratory and field studies in the United States and Canada are critically needed to assess these potential impacts.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Management Institute","usgsCitation":"Grue, C., DeWeese, L., Mineau, P., Swanson, G., Foster, J., Arnold, P., Huckins, J., Sheenan, P., Marshall, W., and Ludden, A., 1986, Potential impacts of agricultural chemicals on waterfowl and other wildlife inhabiting prairie wetlands: An evaluation of research needs and approaches: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 51, p. 357-383.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"383","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196320,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c319","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grue, C.E.","contributorId":86446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grue","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeWeese, L.R.","contributorId":65116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWeese","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mineau, P.","contributorId":86067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mineau","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swanson, G.A.","contributorId":49299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foster, J.R.","contributorId":53912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arnold, P.M.","contributorId":63750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sheenan, P.J.","contributorId":36250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheenan","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Marshall, W.K.","contributorId":67182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ludden, A.P.","contributorId":25530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludden","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":5222133,"text":"5222133 - 1986 - Antibodies against canine parvovirus of wolves of Minnesota:  A serologic study from 1975 through 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:35","indexId":"5222133","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2528,"text":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antibodies against canine parvovirus of wolves of Minnesota:  A serologic study from 1975 through 1985","docAbstract":"Serum samples (n = 137) from 47 wild wolves (Canis lupus; 21 pups and 26 adults) were evaluated from 1975 to 1985 for antibodies against canine parvovirus, using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. In addition, several blood samples (n = 35) from 14 of these wolves (6 pups and 8 adults) were evaluated simultaneously for erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, and for hemoglobin and blood urea nitrogen concentrations. Sixty-nine (50%) of the serum samples (35 wolves) had HI titers of greater than or equal to 256, whereas 68 (50%) of the samples (16 wolves) had HI titers of less than or equal to 128. Significant differences in the geometric mean titers were not found between pups and adults or between males and females. Of the 47 wolves evaluated, 12 (25%) developed a greater than or equal to fourfold increase in antibody titers during the 11-year period, with 2 wolves developing serologic conversions in 1976. The data indicate that canine parvovirus may have begun infecting wolves before or at the same time that it began infecting the dog population in the United States.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Goyal, S., Mech, L., Rademacher, R., Khan, M., and Seal, U., 1986, Antibodies against canine parvovirus of wolves of Minnesota:  A serologic study from 1975 through 1985: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v. 189, no. 9, p. 1092-1094.","productDescription":"1092-1094","startPage":"1092","endPage":"1094","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"189","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b344","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goyal, S.M.","contributorId":83223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goyal","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rademacher, R.A.","contributorId":30330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rademacher","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Khan, M.A.","contributorId":81916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seal, U.S.","contributorId":40564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seal","given":"U.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5221504,"text":"5221504 - 1986 - Lead concentrations in bullfrog Rana catesbeiana and green frog R. clamitans tadpoles inhabiting highway drainages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:41","indexId":"5221504","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1556,"text":"Environmental Pollution (Series A)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead concentrations in bullfrog Rana catesbeiana and green frog R. clamitans tadpoles inhabiting highway drainages","docAbstract":"Lead concentrations were determined in sediment and tadpoles of bullfrogs Rana catesbeiana and green frogs R. clamitans from drainages along highways with different daily average traffic volumes (range, 4272 to I08,800 vehicles day-I) and from ponds >0.4 km from the nearest highway. Lead concentrations (mg kg--I dry weight) in sediment (7-8 to 940) were usually greater (4-5 times) than those in the tadpoles (bullfrog, 0,07 to 270; green frog, 0,90 to 240 mg kg-I). Lead concentrations in sediment (r =0.63) and in both species of tadpoles (bullfrog, r = 0.69; green frog, r = 0.57) were positively correlated with average daily traffic volume. Lead concentrations in both species of tadpoles (bullfrog, r = (). 76: green frog, r = 0.75) were also positively correlated with lead concentrations in sediment.  At sites where both bullfrog and green frog tadpoles were collected. lead concentrations in the two species were closely related (r = 0.84). Lead concentrations in tadpoles living near highways may contribute to the elevated lead levels reported in wildlife that are potential tadpole predators. Dietary lead concentrations similar to those in our tadpoles have been associated with physiological and reproductive effects in some species of birds and mammals. However, additional data are needed to determine the hazards to predators of lead concentrations in tadpoles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution (Series A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0143-1471(86)90098-X","usgsCitation":"Birdsall, C., Grue, C., and Anderson, A., 1986, Lead concentrations in bullfrog Rana catesbeiana and green frog R. clamitans tadpoles inhabiting highway drainages: Environmental Pollution (Series A), v. 40, no. 3, p. 233-247, https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-1471(86)90098-X.","productDescription":"233-247","startPage":"233","endPage":"247","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17692,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-1471(86)90098-X","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":196742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a88ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Birdsall, C.W.","contributorId":19254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdsall","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grue, C.E.","contributorId":86446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grue","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, A.","contributorId":43727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222159,"text":"5222159 - 1986 - Constant-parameter capture-recapture models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T12:46:01.155272","indexId":"5222159","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constant-parameter capture-recapture models","docAbstract":"Jolly (1982, Biometrics 38, 301-321) presented modifications of the Jolly-Seber model for capture-recapture data, which assume constant survival and/or capture rates. Where appropriate, because of the reduced number of parameters, these models lead to more efficient estimators than the Jolly-Seber model. The tests to compare models given by Jolly do not make complete use of the data, and we present here the appropriate modifications, and also indicate how to carry out goodness-of-fit tests which utilize individual capture history information. We also describe analogous models for the case where young and adult animals are tagged. The availability of computer programs to perform the analysis is noted, and examples are given using output from these programs.","language":"English","publisher":"International Biometric Society","doi":"10.2307/2531206","usgsCitation":"Brownie, C., Hines, J., and Nichols, J., 1986, Constant-parameter capture-recapture models: Biometrics, v. 42, no. 3, p. 561-574, https://doi.org/10.2307/2531206.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"574","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196256,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2f9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brownie, C.","contributorId":43463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownie","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5230190,"text":"5230190 - 1986 - Lethal Dietary Toxicities of Environmental Contaminants and Pesticides to Coturnix","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"5230190","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":26,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"No. 2","title":"Lethal Dietary Toxicities of Environmental Contaminants and Pesticides to Coturnix","docAbstract":"Five-day subacute dietary toxicity tests of 193 potential environmental contaminants, pesticides, organic solvents, and various adjuvants are presented for young coturnix (Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica Temminck and Schlegel). The report provides the most comprehensive data base available for avian subacute dietary toxicity tests and is primarily intended for use in ranking toxicities by a standard method that has a reasonable degree of environmental relevance. Findings are presented in two parts: Part I is a critique of selected drugs that includes discussion of subacute toxicity in relation to chemical class and structure, pesticide formulation, and age of animals; Part II is a summary of toxicologic findings for each test substance and provides a statistically basis for comparing toxicities. Data presented include the median lethal concentration (LC50), slope of the probit regression curve (dose-response curve), response chronology, and food consumption. We observed that: 1) fewer than 15% of the compounds were classed 'very' or 'highly' toxic (i.e, LC50 < 200 ppm) and all of these were either chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophosphates, or organometallics; 2) subacute toxicity may vary widely among structurally similar chemicals and between different formulations of the same chemical; therefore, conclusions about lethal hazard must be made cautiously until the actual formulation of inset has been tested: 3) inclusion of a general standard in each battery of tests is useful for detection of atypical trials and monitoring population changes but should not be used indiscriminantly for adjusting LC50's for intertest differences unless the chemicals of concern and the standard elicit their toxicities through the same action; 4) although other species have been tested effectively under the subacute protocol, coturnix were ideal for the stated purpose of this research because they are inexpensive, well-adapted to the laboratory environment, and yield good intertest reproducibility of response.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"NTIS Accession Number: PB86-176914   Coturnix as a common name not italisized in text  3340_Hill.pdf  5.2 MB","usgsCitation":"Hill, E.F., and Camardese, M., 1986, Lethal Dietary Toxicities of Environmental Contaminants and Pesticides to Coturnix: Fish and Wildlife Technical Report No. 2, 147.","productDescription":"147","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5e5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, E. F.","contributorId":14362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Camardese, M.B.","contributorId":106591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camardese","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5230189,"text":"5230189 - 1986 - The Breeding Bird Survey:  Its first fifteen years, 1965-1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-16T13:44:53","indexId":"5230189","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":79,"text":"Resource Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"157","title":"The Breeding Bird Survey:  Its first fifteen years, 1965-1979","docAbstract":"The Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) is an ongoing cooperative program sponsored jointly by the U.S. Fish and Wildife Service and the Canadian Wildlife Service. Its main purpose is to estimate population trends of the many species of birds that nest in North America north of Mexico and that migrate across international boundaries. This survey provides information, both locally by ecological or political regions and on a continental scale, on (1) short-term population changes that can be correlated with specific weather incidents, (2) recovery periods following catastrophic declines, (3) normal year-to-year variations, (4) long-term population trends, and (5) invasions of exotics.  The BBS also permits detailed computer mapping of relative abundance of each species, either year by year to show changes in distribution and relative abundance, or the average over a period of years. It provides base-line data with which more intensive local studies can be compared.  For biogeographic studies it provides uniform sampling of bird populations by major physiographic regions across the continent. In conjunction with the Audubon Christmas Bird Count, it permits comparison of summer and winter distribution of species that winter in the United States.  Most species of North American birds migrate across international boundaries, especially those shared with Canada, Mexico, and the Soviet Union. As part of our responsibility under treaties with these nations, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has developed the BBS to monitor avian population changes so that any adverse trends can be detected early. This provides the opportunity to determine the reasons for any increase or decrease, to define geographic areas in which changes are greatest, to study correlations between avian population changes and land-use changes, and to make recommendations for controlling undesirable bird population trends.  For example, the BBS can be used to detect and estimate the extent of losses resulting from widespread use of pesticides, and to reveal whether major population changes of a given species (e.g., Dickcissel) in certain States are related to a continental decline or are merely a result of population shifts within the breeding range. Effects of urban and suburban expansion are often reflected in the loss of forest interior birds.  Population trends for 230 species as well as several avian genera and families are discussed and graphed in this report. For most of these species, regional and well as continental trends are shown. The three major regions discussed are the Eastern, Central, and Western, bounded by the Mississippi River and the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains. Additional graphs for certain States or physiographic regions are included for selected species of special interest. The following paragraphs summarize general trends in the major bird families.  The native herons in general are maintaining their populations, whereas the exotic Cattle Egret continues its geographic spread and its steady increase. Waterfowl as a group are stable or increasing.  Although most widespread species of hawks are on the increase, the rarer species show evidence of decline.  Among the gallinaceous birds, the greatest change was a sharp drop in Northern Bobwhite as a result of the exceptionally cold winters of 1976-77 and 1977-78 in the Ohio Valley and the Middle Atlantic States. Killdeer populations, except for a minor decline during these two winters, showed strong increases except in the West. American Woodcock were poorly sampled by the BBS because they were relatively inactive during daylight. Common Snipe and the other common shorebirds that nest in the United States and southern Canada exhibited stable or increasing populations, especially in the Eastern and Central regions.  Herring Gull counts varied dramatically and irregularly from year to year. Laughing Gulls increased along the Atlantic coast and Franklin's Gulls declined in the interior of the continen","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., Bystrak, D., and Geissler, P., 1986, The Breeding Bird Survey:  Its first fifteen years, 1965-1979: Resource Publication 157, iii, 196 p.","productDescription":"iii, 196 p.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284991,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/5230189/report.pdf"},{"id":202759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/5230189/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad2e4b07f02db681c16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bystrak, D.","contributorId":58220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bystrak","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geissler, P.H.","contributorId":24038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5210374,"text":"5210374 - 1986 - Use of miniroutes and Breeding Bird Survey data to estimate abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:17","indexId":"5210374","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Use of miniroutes and Breeding Bird Survey data to estimate abundance","docAbstract":"1. Information on relative abundance is easily obtained and adds greatly to the value of an atlas project.  2. The Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) provides annual counts (birds per 50 roadside stops) that can be used to: (1) map relative abundance by physiographic region within a state or province, (2) map relative abundance on a more local scale by using results from individual routes, or (3) compute estimates of total state populations of a species. Where BBS coverage is too scanty to permit mapping, extra temporary routes may be established to provide additional information for the atlas. Or, if continuing coverage is anticipated, additional permanent random routes can be assigned by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service.  3. Miniroutes of 15 or more stops can be established in individual atlas blocks to serve the dual purposes of providing efficient uniform coverage and providing information on relative abundance. Miniroutes can also be extracted from BBS routes to supplement special atlas coverage, or vice versa; but the data from the BBS will not be confined to individual atlas blocks.  4. Advantages of 15- or 20-stop Miniroutes over 25-stop Miniroutes are several: the ability to do two per morning and the lower variability among M1niroute results. Also, many 5-km atlas blocks do not have enough secondary roads to accommodate 25 stops at one-half mile intervals. Disadvantages of 15-stop Miniroutes starting at sunrise are the smaller numbers of birds recorded, missing of the very productive dawn chorus period (Robbins 1981), and missing crepuscular species (rails, woodcock, owls, and goatsuckers).  5. Advantages of recording counts of individuals rather than checking only species presence at Miniroute stops are that: (1) relative abundance can be mapped rather than frequency only (a measure of frequency is already available in the number of blocks recording each species); (2) population change can be measured over a period of years when the next atlas is made; and (3) comparative abundance data are available for habitat correlations and other statistical applications (Luis et ale 1983). Disadvantages of recording counts are that: (1) many observers do not feel they can make accurate counts of individuals; and (2) a few species may be missed while observers are counting (an hypothesis that will be field-tested this summer).  While counts of individuals may be more subject to observer differences than are frequency counts, both the numbers of birds and their frequencies are available when birds are counted.  6. Roadside counts produce slightly larger samples and more species than off-road counts. The main advantage of off-road coverage is to sample habitats that cannot be sampled from roadsides.  7. Miniroutes can be recommended to individual atlasers as an efficient means of detecting species and upgrading them from Possible to Probable, even when there is no statewide Miniroute program.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Second Northeastern Breeding Bird Atlas Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, New York","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., and Dowell, B., 1986, Use of miniroutes and Breeding Bird Survey data to estimate abundance, chap. <i>of</i> Proceedings of the Second Northeastern Breeding Bird Atlas Conference, p. 28-40.","productDescription":"192","startPage":"28","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"192","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68588d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dowell, B.A.","contributorId":35842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowell","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}