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where T is in oK. At 25°C the logarithms of the equilibrium constants are −8.480 ± 0.020, −8.336 ± 0.020 and −7.913 ± 0.020 for calcite, aragonite and vaterite, respectively.Volcanoes destroy and volcanoes create. The catastrophic eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980, made clear the awesome destructive power of a volcano. Yet, over a time span longer than human memory and record, volcanoes have played a key role in forming and modifying the planet upon which we live. More than 80 percent of the Earth's surface—above and below sea level—is of volcanic origin. Gaseous emissions from volcanic vents over hundreds of millions of years formed the Earth's earliest oceans and atmosphere, which supplied the ingredients vital to evolve and sustain life. Over geologic eons, countless volcanic eruptions have produced mountains, plateaus, and plains, which subsequent erosion and weathering have sculpted into majestic landscapes and formed fertile soils.
Ironically, these volcanic soils and inviting terranes have attracted, and continue to attract, people to live on the flanks of volcanoes. Thus, as population density increases in regions of active or potentially active volcanoes, mankind must become increasingly aware of the hazards and learn not to \"crowd\" the volcanoes. People living in the shadow of volcanoes must live in harmony with them and expect, and should plan for, periodic violent unleashings of their pent-up energy.
This booklet presents a generalized summary of the nature, workings, products, and hazards of the common types of volcanoes around the world, along with a brief introduction to the techniques of volcano monitoring and research.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/7000069","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R.I., 1982, Volcanoes (1982): General Interest Publication, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000069.","productDescription":"45 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":198031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/7000069/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":363331,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/7000069/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"1982","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ace4b07f02db5c60ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":344043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186707,"text":"70186707 - 1982 - Deep structure and evolution of the Carolina Trough","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T15:15:43","indexId":"70186707","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Deep structure and evolution of the Carolina Trough","docAbstract":"Multichannel seismic-reflection data together with two-dimensional gravity and magnetic models suggest that the crustal structure off North Carolina consists of normal continental crust landward of the Brunswick magnetic anomaly (BMA), rift-stage crust in the 80-km-wide zone between the BMA and the East Coast magnetic anomaly (ECMA), and normal oceanic crust seaward of the ECMA.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies in continental margin geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, D.R., Grow, J.A., Klitgord, K.D., and Swift, B., 1982, Deep structure and evolution of the Carolina Trough, chap. of Studies in continental margin geology, p. 129-152.","productDescription":"24 p. ","startPage":"129","endPage":"152","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339424,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/history2/data/a110/a110/0001/0100/0129.htm"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a556e4b09da6799d642e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, D. R.","contributorId":31770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grow, J. A.","contributorId":27858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":690324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swift, B.A.","contributorId":32937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70139720,"text":"70139720 - 1982 - Evaluation of AMOEBA: a spectral-spatial classification method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T12:39:49","indexId":"70139720","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3860,"text":"Journal of Applied Photographic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of AMOEBA: a spectral-spatial classification method","docAbstract":"Muitispectral remotely sensed images have been treated as arbitrary multivariate spectral data for purposes of clustering and classifying. However, the spatial properties of image data can also be exploited. AMOEBA is a clustering and classification method that is based on a spatially derived model for image data. In an evaluation test, Landsat data were classified with both AMOEBA and a widely used spectral classifier. The test showed that irrigated crop types can be classified as accurately with the AMOEBA method as with the generally used spectral method ISOCLS; the AMOEBA method, however, requires less computer time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Imaging Science and Technology","usgsCitation":"Jenson, S.K., Loveland, T., and Bryant, J., 1982, Evaluation of AMOEBA: a spectral-spatial classification method: Journal of Applied Photographic Engineering, v. 8, no. 3, p. 159-162.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"162","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298709,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550aa1b6e4b02e76d7590be3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenson, Susan K.","contributorId":66859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenson","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":3005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bryant, J.","contributorId":138992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bryant","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011503,"text":"70011503 - 1982 - Recommended procedures and techniques for the petrographic description of bituminous coals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-24T01:40:20.79803","indexId":"70011503","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recommended procedures and techniques for the petrographic description of bituminous coals","docAbstract":"Modern coal petrology requires rapid and precise description of great numbers of coal core or bench samples in order to acquire the information required to understand and predict vertical and lateral variation of coal quality for correlation with coal-bed thickness, depositional environment, suitability for technological uses, etc. Procedures for coal description vary in accordance with the objectives of the description. To achieve our aim of acquiring the maximum amount of quantitative information within the shortest period of time, we have adopted a combined megascopic-microscopic procedure. Megascopic analysis is used to identify the distinctive lithologies present, and microscopic analysis is required only to describe representative examples of the mixed lithologies observed. This procedure greatly decreases the number of microscopic analyses needed for adequate description of a sample. For quantitative megascopic description of coal microlithotypes, microlithotype assemblages, and lithotypes, we use (V) for vitrite or vitrain, (E) for liptite, (I) for inertite or fusain, (M) for mineral layers or lenses other than iron sulfide, (S) for iron sulfide, and (X1), (X2), etc. for mixed lithologies. Microscopic description is expressed in terms of V representing the vitrinite maceral group, E the exinite group, I the inertinite group, and M mineral components. volume percentages are expressed as subscripts. Thus (V)20(V80E10I5M5)80 indicates a lithotype or assemblage of microlithotypes consisting of 20 vol. % vitrite and 80% of a mixed lithology having a modal maceral composition V80E10I5M5. This bulk composition can alternatively be recalculated and described as V84E8I4M4. To generate these quantitative data rapidly and accurately, we utilize an automated image analysis system (AIAS). Plots of VEIM data on easily constructed ternary diagrams provide readily comprehended illustrations of the range of modal composition of the lithologic units making up a given coal bed. The use of bulk-specific-gravity determinations is alo recommended for identification and characterization of the distinctive lithologic units.
The availability of an AIAS also enhances the capability to acquire textural information. Ranges of size of maceral and mineral grains can be quickly and precisely determined by use of an AIAS. We assume that shape characteristics of coal particles can also be readily evaluated by automated image analysis, although this evaluation has not yet been attempted in our laboratory.
Definitive data on the particulate mineral content of coal constitute another important segment of petrographic description. Characterization of mineral content may be accomplished by optical identification, electron microprobe analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Individual mineral grains in place in polished blocks or polished this sections, or separated from the coal matrix by sink-float methods are studied by analytical techniques appropriate to the conditions of sampling.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-5162(82)90003-9","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Chao, E.C., Minkin, J., and Thompson, C., 1982, Recommended procedures and techniques for the petrographic description of bituminous coals: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 2, no. 2, p. 151-179, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(82)90003-9.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"179","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221239,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9698e4b0c8380cd820b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chao, E. C. T.","contributorId":96713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minkin, J.A.","contributorId":38588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minkin","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, C.L.","contributorId":12189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011604,"text":"70011604 - 1982 - Regional thermal-inertia mapping from an experimental satellite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T16:34:53.386785","indexId":"70011604","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional thermal-inertia mapping from an experimental satellite","docAbstract":"A new experimental satellite has provided, for the first time, thermal data that should be useful in reconnaissance geologic exploration. Thermal inertia, a property of geologic materials, can be mapped from these data by applying an algorithm that has been developed using a new thermal model. A simple registration procedure was used on a pair of day and night images of the Powder River basin, Wyoming, to illustrate the method. Preliminary assessment of these satellite data suggests that they will be of significant use for resource exploration when used in conjunction with other geologic, geophysical, and geochemical data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1441317","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Watson, K., 1982, Regional thermal-inertia mapping from an experimental satellite: Geophysics, v. 47, no. 12, p. 1681-1687, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1441317.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1681","endPage":"1687","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220780,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a58ee4b0e8fec6cdbe67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, K.","contributorId":39123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011496,"text":"70011496 - 1982 - Chemical and light-stable isotope characteristics of waters from the Raft River geothermal area and environs, Cassia County, Idaho; Box Elder County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T18:34:09.022151","indexId":"70011496","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical and light-stable isotope characteristics of waters from the Raft River geothermal area and environs, Cassia County, Idaho; Box Elder County, Utah","docAbstract":"Chemical and light-stable isotope data are presented for water samples from the Raft River geothermal area and environs. On the basis of chemical character, as defined by a trilinear plot of per cent milliequivalents, and light-stable isotope data, the waters in the geothermal area can be divided into waters that have and have not mixed with cold water. The non-mixed waters have essentially a constant value of light-stable isotopes but show a large variation in chloride content. The variation of chloride composition is not the usual pattern for deep geothermal waters, where it is normally assumed that the deep water has a single chloride composition. Different mixed waters also have hot-water sources of varying chloride composition. Plots of chloride values on cross-sections show that water circulation patterns are confused, with non-mixed waters having different chloride concentrations located in close proximity. Three models can explain the characteristics of the deep geothermal water: (1) in addition to near-surface mixing of cold and hot water, there is deep mixing of two hot waters with the same enthalpy and isotopic composition but differing chloride concentrations to produce the range of chloride concentrations found in the deep geothermal water; (2) there is a single deep hot water, and the range of chloride concentrations is produced by the water passing through a zone of highly soluble materials (most likely in the sedimentary section above the basement) in which waters have different residence times or slightly different circulation paths; (3) the varying chloride concentrations in space have been caused by varying chloride concentrations in the deep feed water through time. Some of this older water has not been flushed from the system by the natural discharge. Although one model may seem more plausible than the others, the available data do not rule out any of them. Data for water samples from the Raft River and Jim Sage Mountains show that water from these areas is probably the source for the cold mixing water determined from end-members on mixing lines. Data for water samples in the Upper Raft River Valley show that the thermal anomaly found at Almo 1 is probably not related to the Raft River geothermal area. The water is different in type as shown by its placement on a trilinear plot, and the isotopes are different enough to show that it is probably a different water. Isotopic compositions of samples from a wide area around the Raft River geothermal system indicate that the likely source of the recharge water is the southern Albion Mountains and western Raft River Mountains. The recharge area is at one end of the Narrows zone, and the geothermal area is along the Narrows zone; thus it is likely that the Narrows zone defines the circulation path.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(82)90030-X","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Nathenson, M., Nehring, N., Crosthwaite, E., Harmon, R., Janik, C., and Borthwick, J., 1982, Chemical and light-stable isotope characteristics of waters from the Raft River geothermal area and environs, Cassia County, Idaho; Box Elder County, Utah: Geothermics, v. 11, no. 4, p. 215-237, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(82)90030-X.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221117,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f547e4b0c8380cd4c157","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nathenson, M.","contributorId":46632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nehring, N.L.","contributorId":21157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nehring","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crosthwaite, E. G.","contributorId":83098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosthwaite","given":"E. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harmon, R.S.","contributorId":6585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmon","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Janik, C.","contributorId":82458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Borthwick, J.","contributorId":18905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borthwick","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70011535,"text":"70011535 - 1982 - Earthquake location in island arcs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:38:11","indexId":"70011535","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake location in island arcs","docAbstract":"A comprehensive data set of selected teleseismic P-wave arrivals and local-network P- and S-wave arrivals from large earthquakes occurring at all depths within a small section of the central Aleutians is used to examine the general problem of earthquake location in island arcs. Reference hypocenters for this special data set are determined for shallow earthquakes from local-network data and for deep earthquakes from combined local and teleseismic data by joint inversion for structure and location. The high-velocity lithospheric slab beneath the central Aleutians may displace hypocenters that are located using spherically symmetric Earth models; the amount of displacement depends on the position of the earthquakes with respect to the slab and on whether local or teleseismic data are used to locate the earthquakes. Hypocenters for trench and intermediate-depth events appear to be minimally biased by the effects of slab structure on rays to teleseismic stations. However, locations of intermediate-depth events based on only local data are systematically displaced southwards, the magnitude of the displacement being proportional to depth. Shallow-focus events along the main thrust zone, although well located using only local-network data, are severely shifted northwards and deeper, with displacements as large as 50 km, by slab effects on teleseismic travel times. Hypocenters determined by a method that utilizes seismic ray tracing through a three-dimensional velocity model of the subduction zone, derived by thermal modeling, are compared to results obtained by the method of joint hypocenter determination (JHD) that formally assumes a laterally homogeneous velocity model over the source region and treats all raypath anomalies as constant station corrections to the travel-time curve. The ray-tracing method has the theoretical advantage that it accounts for variations in travel-time anomalies within a group of events distributed over a sizable region of a dipping, high-velocity lithospheric slab. In application, JHD has the practical advantage that it does not require the specification of a theoretical velocity model for the slab. Considering earthquakes within a 260 km long by 60 km wide section of the Aleutian main thrust zone, our results suggest that the theoretical velocity structure of the slab is presently not sufficiently well known that accurate locations can be obtained independently of locally recorded data. Using a locally recorded earthquake as a calibration event, JHD gave excellent results over the entire section of the main thrust zone here studied, without showing a strong effect that might be attributed to spatially varying source-station anomalies. We also calibrated the ray-tracing method using locally recorded data and obtained results generally similar to those obtained by JHD. ?? 1982.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(82)90099-1","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Engdahl, E., Dewey, J.W., and Fujita, K., 1982, Earthquake location in island arcs: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 30, no. 2-3, p. 145-156, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(82)90099-1.","startPage":"145","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267343,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(82)90099-1"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a04f7e4b0c8380cd50bbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engdahl, E.R.","contributorId":22906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engdahl","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dewey, J. W.","contributorId":31008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fujita, K.","contributorId":87935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujita","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174596,"text":"70174596 - 1982 - Low-frequency variations in sea level and currents in south San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T15:41:46","indexId":"70174596","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2426,"text":"Journal of Physical Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-frequency variations in sea level and currents in south San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"In order to examine physical process in the subtidal time range, sea-level and current meter data for south San Francisco Bay (South Bay) were filtered using a low-pass digital filter to remove tidal period variations. and then subjected to an empirical orthogonal function analysis. For the sea-level data, there is one dominant empirical mode that is correlated with nonlocal coastal forcing. A small amount of the variance is associated with local wind setup. For the current meter data, there are two dominant empirical modes that correlate with local wind forcing and tidal forcing over the spring-neap cycle. In general, South Bay is dominated by coastal forcing on sea level during all seasons, and dominated by wind and tidal forcing on the residual currants during the summer.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/1520-0485(1982)012<0658:LFVISL>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Walters, R.A., 1982, Low-frequency variations in sea level and currents in south San Francisco Bay: Journal of Physical Oceanography, v. 12, p. 658-668, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1982)012<0658:LFVISL>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"658","endPage":"668","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1982)012<0658:lfvisl>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325198,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.47695922851562,\n 37.41816326969145\n ],\n [\n -122.47695922851562,\n 37.832564787218985\n ],\n [\n -121.90292358398438,\n 37.832564787218985\n ],\n [\n -121.90292358398438,\n 37.41816326969145\n ],\n [\n -122.47695922851562,\n 37.41816326969145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5787662fe4b0d27deb36e18e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, Roy A.","contributorId":74877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011653,"text":"70011653 - 1982 - Photogrammetry of the Viking-Lander imagery.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:31","indexId":"70011653","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photogrammetry of the Viking-Lander imagery.","docAbstract":"We have solved the problem of photogrammetric mapping from the Viking Lander photography in two ways: 1) by converting the azimuth and elevation scanning imagery to the equivalent of a frame picture by means of computerized rectification; and 2) by interfacing a high-speed, general-purpose computer to the AS-11A analytical plotter so that all computations of corrections can be performed in real time during the process of model orientation and map compilation. Examples are presented of photographs and maps of Earth and Mars. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Wu, S., and Schafer, F., 1982, Photogrammetry of the Viking-Lander imagery.: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 48, no. 5, p. 803-816.","startPage":"803","endPage":"816","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a1ee4b0c8380cd78d3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, S.S.C.","contributorId":10421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"S.S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schafer, F.J.","contributorId":76465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schafer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011669,"text":"70011669 - 1982 - Contemporary block tectonics: California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T14:58:19.264656","indexId":"70011669","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contemporary block tectonics: California and Nevada","docAbstract":"Well-determined fault plane solution and the gross pattern of late-Cenozoic faulting in California and Nevada show a systematic relation between the orientation of fault planes and slip directions. In general, normal faults have northerly strikes, reverse faults have easterly strikes, and dextral and sinstral strike slip faults have northwesterly and northeasterly strikes, respectively. Kinematically, this relation is consistent with the response of clusters of fault-bounded crustal blocks to a regional stress field generated by the relative motion between the Pacific and North American plates. In this stress field, the greatest and least principal (compressive) stresses are restricted to northerly and easterly striking vertical planes, respectively. Clusters of crustal blocks bound by faults having the above attitudes form three basic regimes: (1) a spreading regime with a combination of normal and conjugate, strike slip faults, (2) a converging regime with a combination of reverse and conjugate, strike slip faults, and (3) a wrench regime with sets of subparallel, throughgoing, northwest striking (dextral) faults or northeast striking (sinstral) faults. These three regimes are typified by faulting patterns in the Basin and Range province (spreading), the Transverse Ranges (converging), and the San Andreas-Garlock fault systems (wrench), respectively. The gross deformation of each regime resulting from relative displacements between individual blocks is characterized by north-south shortening and east-west extension with the ratio of extensional to shortening strains (and the areal dilitation) decreasing systematically from spreading to wrench to compressional regimes. The wrench regime involves a component of net rotational deformation (clockwise for dextral slip and counter-clockwise for sinstral slip), while deformation of the spreading and converging regimes is irrotational. Local deviations from regional kinematic directions are concentrated along the boundaries between regimes reflecting the mismatch in gross deformation fields between regimes. Maximum principal and shear stress magnitudes will increase systematically from spreading to wrench to converging regimes provided that fault slip is controlled by frictional strength (Byerlee's law) along preexisting fractures and that pore pressure in the brittle crust is laterally uniform. A minimum strength difference between active, block-bounding faults and block interiors is 15–30%. Simple arrangements of such block clusters mimic the gross kinematic pattern of Quaternary faulting in California and Nevada. Some implications for contemporary tectonics emphasized by this model involve the westward displacement of the Sierra Nevada block.with respect to the stable interior of the North American plates, oblique thrusting of the Salinian block over the Pacific plate, and a progressive increase in the offset of the San Andreas fault represented by the ‘big bend’ through the Transverse Ranges.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB087iB07p05433","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hill, D., 1982, Contemporary block tectonics: California and Nevada: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 87, no. B7, p. 5433-5450, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB087iB07p05433.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"5433","endPage":"5450","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221768,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa4be4b0c8380cd4da18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, D.P.","contributorId":27432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011810,"text":"70011810 - 1982 - Holocene sedimentation in the shallow nearshore zone off Nauset Inlet, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T10:27:51","indexId":"70011810","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene sedimentation in the shallow nearshore zone off Nauset Inlet, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Present conditions and sedimentary evolution of the shallow offshore region near Nauset Inlet on Cape Cod, Massachusetts were clarified using high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, sidescan-sonar records, surface grab samples and current meter measurements. The study area contains three provinces: (1) a nearshore province (shallower than 18 m) with a relatively steep slope (0.6°) and a cover of medium sand; (2) a northern offshore province covered with coarse sand, gravel, and boulders, interpreted to be glacial drift; and (3) a southern offshore province with a gentle seaward-dipping slope (0.3°) and a surface sediment of coarse sand. The glacial drift exposed in the northern offshore province can be traced southward under the coarse sand province. The overlying fill is comprised of either outwash sediment derived from the Pleistocene South Channel ice lobe to the east or Holocene-aged marine sediments eroded from seacliffs to the north. Latest Holocene sediment appears to be limited to the zone shoreward of 18 m where the medium sand occurs.
Near-bottom mean flows (measured over two winter months in 10 m water depth) average 6 cm sec−1 to the south. Mean flows exceeded 20 cm sec−1approx. 23% of the time. Ninety percent of the flows exceeding 20 cm sec−1were directed to the south, reflecting the dominant atmospheric forcing during these winter months. Waves had an average variance of 650 cm2 with variance exceeding 5000 cm2, 3% of the time, indicating moderate wave activity.
Present processes are actively reshaping the nearshore province, which is characterized by many east to northeast-trending shore-oblique channels that do not extend seaward of the 18-m contour. Coarse sand in the floors of these channels suggests they may be erosional features, and the presence of megaripples oriented perpendicular to the channel axes indicates active transport in these channels. Megaripple orientation and the current and wave regime of the study area support a rip-current origin for these channels.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(82)90071-8","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Aubrey, D., Twichell, D., and Pfirman, S., 1982, Holocene sedimentation in the shallow nearshore zone off Nauset Inlet, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Marine Geology, v. 47, no. 3-4, p. 243-259, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(82)90071-8.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"259","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachussetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod, Nauset Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.68878173828125,\n 41.693424216151314\n ],\n [\n -69.9224853515625,\n 41.693424216151314\n ],\n [\n -69.9224853515625,\n 42.10229818948117\n ],\n [\n -70.68878173828125,\n 42.10229818948117\n ],\n [\n -70.68878173828125,\n 41.693424216151314\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31f4e4b0c8380cd5e3b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aubrey, D.G.","contributorId":73336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aubrey","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pfirman, S.L.","contributorId":40281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfirman","given":"S.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011814,"text":"70011814 - 1982 - Identification of the Holocene-Pleistocene boundary in the Bering Sea by diatoms.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:27","indexId":"70011814","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1068,"text":"Boreas","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of the Holocene-Pleistocene boundary in the Bering Sea by diatoms.","docAbstract":"The modern diatom flora from surface sediment of the Navarin Basin region of the Bering Sea is dominated by Denticulopsis seminae and Nitzschia oceanica. D. seminae, a north boreal species, is most abundant in the deeper waters of the slope-basin regions, whereas N. oceanica, an Arctic species associated with ice cover, dominates the shallow shelf water. Downcore studies show that these species alternate in dominance within the late Quaternary sediments suggest climatic fluctuations.-from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Boreas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03009483","usgsCitation":"Baldauf, J., 1982, Identification of the Holocene-Pleistocene boundary in the Bering Sea by diatoms.: Boreas, v. 11, no. 1, p. 113-118.","startPage":"113","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a383fe4b0c8380cd614cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldauf, J.G.","contributorId":67655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldauf","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011896,"text":"70011896 - 1982 - Evolution of continental crust and mantle heterogeneity: Evidence from Hf isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:33","indexId":"70011896","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of continental crust and mantle heterogeneity: Evidence from Hf isotopes","docAbstract":"We present initial 176Hf/177 Hf ratios for many samples of continental crust 3.7-0.3 Gy old. Results are based chiefly on zircons (1% Hf) and whole rocks: zircons are shown to be reliable carriers of essentially the initial Hf itself when properly chosen on the basis of U-Pb studies. Pre-3.0 Gy gneisses were apparently derived from an unfractionated mantle, but both depleted and undepleted mantle are evident as magma sources from 2.9 Gy to present. This mantle was sampled mainly from major crustal growth episodes 2.8, 1.8 and 0.7 Gy ago, all of which show gross heterogeneity of 176Hf/177Hf in magma sources from ??Hf=0 to +14, or about 60% of the variability of the present mantle. The approximate ??Hf=2??Nd relationship in ancient and modern igneous rocks shows that 176Lu/177Hf fractionates in general twice as much as 147Sm/144Nd in mantle melting processes. This allows an estimation of the relative value of the unknown bulk solid/liquid distribution coefficient for Hf. DLu/DHf=??? 2.3 holds for most mantle source regions. For garnet to be an important residual mantle phase, it must hold Hf strongly in order to preserve Hf-Nd isotopic relationships. The ancient Hf initials are consistent with only a small proportion of recycled older cratons in new continental crust, and with quasi-continuous, episodic growth of the continental crust with time. However, recycling of crust less than 150 My old cannot realistically be detected using Hf initials. The mantle shows clearly the general positive ??Hf resulting from a residual geochemical state at least back to 2.9 Gy ago, and seems to have repeatedly possessed a similar degree of heterogeneity, rather than a continuously-developing depletion. This is consistent with a complex dynamic disequilibrium model for the creation, maintenance and destruction of heterogeneity in the mantle. ?? 1981 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00398923","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Jonathan, P.P., Kouvo, O., Hedge, C., and Tatsumoto, M., 1982, Evolution of continental crust and mantle heterogeneity: Evidence from Hf isotopes: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 78, no. 3, p. 279-297, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00398923.","startPage":"279","endPage":"297","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205116,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00398923"},{"id":221396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d7ee4b0c8380cd53056","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jonathan, Patchett P.","contributorId":85323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonathan","given":"Patchett","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kouvo, O.","contributorId":50658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kouvo","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hedge, C. E.","contributorId":73611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedge","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":85369,"text":"85369 - 1982 - Population modeling for furbearer management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:01","indexId":"85369","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Population modeling for furbearer management","docAbstract":"The management of furbearers has become increasingly complex as greater demands are placed on their populations. Correspondingly, needs for information to use in management have increased. Inadequate information leads the manager to err on the conservative side; unless the size of the 'harvestable surplus' is known, the population cannot be fully exploited. Conversely, information beyond what is needed becomes an unaffordable luxury. Population modeling has proven useful for organizing information on numerous game animals. Modeling serves to determine if information of the right kind and proper amount is being gathered; systematizes data collection, data interpretation, and decision making; and permits more effective management and better utilization of game populations. This report briefly reviews the principles of population modeling, describes what has been learned from previous modeling efforts on furbearers, and outlines the potential role of population modeling in furbearer management.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Midwest Furbearer Management. N. Central Sec., Central Mountains and Plains Sec., and KS.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., 1982, Population modeling for furbearer management, chap. of Midwest Furbearer Management. N. Central Sec., Central Mountains and Plains Sec., and KS., p. 25-37.","productDescription":"p. 25-37","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683e8d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sanderson, G.C.","contributorId":65573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanderson","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504440,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29496,"text":"wri8154 - 1982 - Digital model of predevelopment flow in the Tertiary limestone (Floridan) aquifer system in west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T20:13:22.252532","indexId":"wri8154","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-54","title":"Digital model of predevelopment flow in the Tertiary limestone (Floridan) aquifer system in west-central Florida","docAbstract":"A computer model was calibrated to approximate predevelopment flow conditions in a multilayered aquifer system in 10,600 square miles in west-central Floria. The lowermost aquifer, called the Floridan aquifer, is confined in most of the study area and consists of carbonate rocks ranging up to 1,300 feet thick. The Floridan aquifer is the chief source for large withdrawals and natural springflow in the study area. Daily springflows within the study area have averaged about 2.4 billion gallons. The secondary artesian and the surficial aquifers are much less permeable than the Floridan aquifer. Where they are present and have heads higher than those in the Floridan aquifer, they provide recharge to the Floridan. Initial estimates of recharge to the Floridan aquifer were from water-balance calculations for surface-water basins; initial estimates of transmissivity were from aquifer tests and flow-net analyses. The model was calibrated for the predevelopment era, wherein steady-state flow conditions were assumed. Calibrated transmissivities for the Floridan aquifer range from less than 15,000 to several million feet squared per day. Recharge to the system was about 3,700 cubic feet per second. About 90% was discharged as springflow, and 10% was upward leakage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8154","usgsCitation":"Ryder, P.D., 1982, Digital model of predevelopment flow in the Tertiary limestone (Floridan) aquifer system in west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-54, v, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8154.","productDescription":"v, 61 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123877,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0054/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58345,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0054/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":415464,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49136.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.45,\n 29.7167\n ],\n [\n -83,\n 29.7167\n ],\n [\n -83,\n 26.65\n ],\n [\n -81.45,\n 26.65\n ],\n [\n -81.45,\n 29.7167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655768","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, Paul D.","contributorId":60188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70142200,"text":"70142200 - 1982 - Assessing mesquite-grass vegetation condition from Landsat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:48:46","indexId":"70142200","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing mesquite-grass vegetation condition from Landsat","docAbstract":"Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) band values, band ratios, and vegetation index models were compared with selected rangeland vegetation parameters collected at six test sites within the honey mesquitellotebushlmixed grass association in north-central Texas. The comparisons at four dates showed that two vegetation index models, TV16 and GVI, are highly correlated (P = 0.01) with green yield, green cover, and plant moisture content. The green vegetation index (GVZ) developed by Kauth and Thomas (1976), was highly correlated and superior to other models in relationship to wet green yield, dry green yield, and cured vegetation cover. TV16, developed by Rouse et al. (1974), was more highly correlated with green vegetation cover and vegetation moisture content. Both TV16 and GVI are superior to other models in their relationship with green cover. None of the Landsat MSS parameters tested was significantly correlated with dry total yield, percent bare ground, or moisture of the soil measured at the surface or at a 20 cm depth. I t is concluded that Landsat MSS data are sensitive to seasonal changes in vegetation growth conditions and inherent ecological differences within a relatively unqorm vegetationlsoil system.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"McDaniel, K.C., and Haas, R.H., 1982, Assessing mesquite-grass vegetation condition from Landsat: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 48, no. 3, p. 441-450.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"441","endPage":"450","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.083984375,\n 25.878994400196202\n ],\n [\n -106.083984375,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -93.69140625,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -93.69140625,\n 25.878994400196202\n ],\n [\n -106.083984375,\n 25.878994400196202\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f597c3e4b02419550d2f3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDaniel, Kirk C.","contributorId":139113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDaniel","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haas, Robert H.","contributorId":93388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011703,"text":"70011703 - 1982 - Paleoecological studies at Lake Patzcuaro on the west-central Mexican Plateau and at Chalco in the basin of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-26T16:00:14","indexId":"70011703","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoecological studies at Lake Patzcuaro on the west-central Mexican Plateau and at Chalco in the basin of Mexico","docAbstract":"A 1520-cm sediment core from Lake Patzcuaro, Michoacan, Mexico, is 44,000 yr old at the base. All parts of the core have abundant pollen of Pinus (pine), Alnus (alder), and Quercus (oak) with frequent Abies (fir). The interval dated from 44,000 to 11,000 yr ago has a homogeneous flora characterized by abundant Juniperus (juniper) pollen and frequent Artemisia (sagebrush). It is believed to represent an appreciably drier and colder climate than at present. The Holocene at Lake Patzcuaro is characterized by a moderate increase in Pinus pollen and the loss of Juniperus pollen, as the modern type of climate succeeded. Alnus was abundant until about 5000 yr ago; its abrupt decrease with the first appearance of herbaceous weed pollen may reflect the cutting of lake-shore and stream-course alder communities for agricultural purposes, or it may simply reflect a drying tendency in the climate. Pollen of Zea (corn) appears at Lake Patzcuaro along with low peaks of chenopod and grass pollen at 3500 yr B.P. apparently recording a human population large enough to modify the natural environment, as well as the beginning of agriculture. A rich aquatic flora in this phase suggests eutrophication of the lake by slope erosion. In the most recent period corn is absent from the sediments, perhaps reflecting a change in agricultural practices. The environment changes at Lake Patzcuaro are similar to and correlate with those in the Cuenca de Mexico, where diatom stratigraphy from the Chalco basin indicates fluctuations in lake levels and lake chemistry in response to variations in available moisture. Before 10,000 yr ago climates there were cool and dry, and the Chalco basin was occupied by a shallow freshwater marsh that drained north to Lake Texcoco, where saline water accumulated by evaporation. Increases in effective moisture and possible melting of glaciers during the Holocene caused lake levels to rise throughout the Cuenca de Mexico, and Lake Texcoco flooded the Chalco basin with brackish water. After 5000 yr ago such flooding decreased, and shallow freshwater ponds and marshes were restored in the Chalco basin. This environmental change coincides with the appearance of Zea pollen and suggests cultural control of lake levels and salinity. ?? 1982.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(82)90045-X","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Watts, W., and Bradbury, J., 1982, Paleoecological studies at Lake Patzcuaro on the west-central Mexican Plateau and at Chalco in the basin of Mexico: Quaternary Research, v. 17, no. 1, p. 56-70, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(82)90045-X.","startPage":"56","endPage":"70","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266567,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(82)90045-X"},{"id":221307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73d7e4b0c8380cd772a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watts, W.A.","contributorId":95616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradbury, J.P.","contributorId":14431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011243,"text":"70011243 - 1982 - An analysis of input errors in precipitation-runoff models using regression with errors in the independent variables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T12:39:08","indexId":"70011243","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An analysis of input errors in precipitation-runoff models using regression with errors in the independent variables","docAbstract":"Errors in runoff prediction caused by input data errors are analyzed by treating precipitation-runoff models as regression (conditional expectation) models. Independent variables of the regression consist of precipitation and other input measurements; the dependent variable is runoff. In models using erroneous input data, prediction errors are inflated and estimates of expected storm runoff for given observed input variables are biased. This bias in expected runoff estimation results in biased parameter estimates if these parameter estimates are obtained by a least squares fit of predicted to observed runoff values. The problems of error inflation and bias are examined in detail for a simple linear regression of runoff on rainfall and for a nonlinear U.S. Geological Survey precipitation-runoff model. Some implications for flood frequency analysis are considered. A case study using a set of data from Turtle Creek near Dallas, Texas illustrates the problems of model input errors.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR018i004p00947","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B.M., 1982, An analysis of input errors in precipitation-runoff models using regression with errors in the independent variables: Water Resources Research, v. 18, no. 4, p. 947-964, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR018i004p00947.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"947","endPage":"964","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Dallas","otherGeospatial":"Turtle Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.81529998779297,\n 32.79275826977453\n ],\n [\n -96.78749084472655,\n 32.79275826977453\n ],\n [\n -96.78749084472655,\n 32.85132662142229\n ],\n [\n -96.81529998779297,\n 32.85132662142229\n ],\n [\n -96.81529998779297,\n 32.79275826977453\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9f0e4b0c8380cd4853d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, Brent M.","contributorId":195329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troutman","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011360,"text":"70011360 - 1982 - Blake Plateau: Control of Miocene sedimentation patterns by large-scale shifts of the Gulf Stream axis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-01T12:05:26.631263","indexId":"70011360","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Blake Plateau: Control of Miocene sedimentation patterns by large-scale shifts of the Gulf Stream axis","docAbstract":"The distribution of buried channel networks within Cenozoic sequences of the Blake Plateau and their correlation with global sea-level oscillations indicate that the Gulf Stream axis shifted landward against the Florida-Hatteras Slope during sea-level high-stands and seaward across the central Blake Plateau during sea-level lowstands. A sedimentation model incorporating axial shifts of the Gulf Stream successfully predicts the Miocene stratigraphy of the Florida-Hatteras Slope and Blake Plateau as defined by seismic and drill-hole data.
Calculations based on approximately 350 new measurements (CaT-PCO2) of the solubilities of calcite, aragonite and vaterite in CO2-H2O solutions between 0 and 90°C indicate the following values for the log of the equilibrium constants KC, KA, and KV respectively, for the reaction CaCO3(s) = Ca2+ + CO2−3:
\n where T is in oK. At 25°C the logarithms of the equilibrium constants are −8.480 ± 0.020, −8.336 ± 0.020 and −7.913 ± 0.020 for calcite, aragonite and vaterite, respectively.
The equilibrium constants are internally consistent with an aqueous model that includes the CaHCO+3 and CaCO03 ion pairs, revised analytical expressions for CO2-H2O equilibria, and extended Debye-Hückel individual ion activity coefficients. Using this aqueous model, the equilibrium constant of aragonite shows no PCO2-dependence if the CaHCO+3 association constant is ![\"\"](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703782900564-si4.gif\" "\\"\\"")
between 0 and 90°C, corresponding to the value logKCahco+3 = 1.11 ± 0.07 at 25°C. The CaCO03association constant was measured potentiometrically to be ![\"\"](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703782900564-si5.gif\" "\\"\\"")
between 5 and 80°C, yielding logKCaCO03 = 3.22 ± 0.14 at 25°C.
The CO2-H2O equilibria have been critically evaluated and new empirical expressions for the temperature dependence of KH, K1 and K2 are ![\"\"](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703782900564-si6.gif\" "\\"\\"")
, ![\"\"](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703782900564-si7.gif\" "\\"\\"")
and logK2 = −107.8871 − 0.03252849T + 5151.79/T + 38.92561 logT − 563713.9/T2 which may be used to at least 250°C. These expressions hold for 1 atm. total pressure between 0 and 100°C and follow the vapor pressure curve of water at higher temperatures.
Extensive measurements of the pH of Ca-HCO3 solutions at 25°C and 0.956 atm PCO2 using different compositions of the reference electrode filling solution show that measured differences in pH are closely approximated by differences in liquid-junction potential as calculated by the Henderson equation. Liquid-junction corrected pH measurements agree with the calculated pH within 0.003-0.011 pH.
\nEarlier arguments suggesting that the CaHCO+3 ion pair should not be included in the CaCO3-CO2-H2O aqueous model were based on less accurate calcite solubility data. The CaHCO+3 ion pair must be included in the aqueous model to account for the observed PCO2-dependence of aragonite solubility between 317 ppm CO2 and 100% CO2.
\nPrevious literature on the solubility of CaCO3 polymorphs have been critically evaluated using the aqueous model and the results are compared.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(82)90056-4","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., and Busenberg, E., 1982, The solubilities of calcite, aragonite and vaterite in CO2-H2O solutions between 0 and 90°C, and an evaluation of the aqueous model for the system CaCO3-CO2-H2O: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 46, no. 6, p. 1011-1040, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(82)90056-4.","startPage":"1011","endPage":"1040","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb03ee4b08c986b324d14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":361964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":361963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011450,"text":"70011450 - 1982 - Landsat monitoring of desert vegetation growth, 1972-1979 using a plant-shadowing model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T09:18:10","indexId":"70011450","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":661,"text":"Advances in Space Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landsat monitoring of desert vegetation growth, 1972-1979 using a plant-shadowing model","docAbstract":"Landsat digital data spanning the period 1972-1979 were analyzed to monitor the status of vegetation within and outside an exclosure in the northern Sinai (precipitation 100-150 mm/year). This 6??6 km exclosure was fenced off in the summer of 1974 and subsequently has been free from the anthropogenic pressures (overgrazing, cultivation in small fields, and harvesting of dry plants as firewood) that continued outside the exclosure. The recovery of the ecosystem within the exclosure is monitored applying a previously tested model. The model quantitatively describes the reduction in the reflectivity to zenith due to shadowing effects by mostly vertical plants. The darkening (reduction in the reflectivity) in the exclosure was compared to the status before the fencing-off and to the essentially unchanging bare sands outside the exclosure. The vegetation protrusion parameter s (sum of the products of plant height times diameter for a unit area of the surface), calculated from Landsat digital data for the exclosure, increased from essentially zero in 1972 and 1973 to about 0.18 in 1975 and changed only within narrow limits from 1975 to 1979. The s value of 0.18 indicates that if the clumps of the plants protruding from the surface in the exclosure were laid horizontally on the soil, they would cover 18 percent of the area. This parameter provides a quantitative measure of the condition of the ecosystem, but the relation to the total green and/or brown biomass remains to be determined. ?? 1983.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Space Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0273-1177(82)90219-8","issn":"02731177","usgsCitation":"Otterman, J., and Robinove, C., 1982, Landsat monitoring of desert vegetation growth, 1972-1979 using a plant-shadowing model: Advances in Space Research, v. 2, no. 8, p. 45-50, https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(82)90219-8.","startPage":"45","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266024,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(82)90219-8"}],"volume":"2","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a43ece4b0c8380cd666d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otterman, Joseph","contributorId":75683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otterman","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinove, C.J.","contributorId":68778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinove","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011843,"text":"70011843 - 1982 - Preliminary model of regional Mesozoic groundwater flow and uranium deposition in the Colorado Plateau.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:05","indexId":"70011843","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary model of regional Mesozoic groundwater flow and uranium deposition in the Colorado Plateau.","docAbstract":"Qualitative and numerical simulation of regional groundwater flow in the Colorado Plateau during Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous time has led to a model of U deposition in areas of upwelling solutions. Palaeographic reconstruction shows that surface drainage and groundwater flow was generally to the NE and E. Groundwater flowing in these directions, principally through Triassic-Jurassic and Permian sandstones, encountered sediments of variable thickness due to buried uplifted or downdropped Precambrian blocks. The buried uplifted blocks caused upward movement of groundwater around them. These inferred zones of upwelling are closely associated with concentrations of Jurassic- and Cretaceous-age U deposits. The results are consistent with hypotheses of an upwelling brine mixing and reacting with descending meteoric water and causing U precipitation at the fluid interface. Whether the U came from above or below the interface is an unsolved problem.-A.P.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Sanford, R., 1982, Preliminary model of regional Mesozoic groundwater flow and uranium deposition in the Colorado Plateau.: Geology, v. 10, no. 7, p. 348-352.","startPage":"348","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8930e4b0c8380cd7dd1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, R.F.","contributorId":38562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011827,"text":"70011827 - 1982 - Mineralogy and geochemistry of Fe-Ti oxide and apatite (nelsonite) deposits and evaluation of the liquid immiscibility hypothesis.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T16:45:34.301205","indexId":"70011827","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and geochemistry of Fe-Ti oxide and apatite (nelsonite) deposits and evaluation of the liquid immiscibility hypothesis.","docAbstract":"Modal mineralogy determined for 32 Fe-Ti oxide and apatite rocks from localities in Virginia, New York, Quebec, Norway, and Sweden largely supports the 2:1 oxide:apatite ratio suggested as a eutectic mixture by Philpotts (1967). A fairly consistent suite of accessory minerals, including biotite, clinoamphibole, spinel, zircon, and sulfides, is present. Some silicate accessory minerals tend to form glomeroporphyritic intergrowths in an equigranular matrix of nelsonite, suggesting that the accessories are xenocrysts that have been trapped in an oxide-apatite liquid. This liquid may represent an extreme case of partitioning of high charge-density cations into a low silica, phosphorus-enriched immiscible melt. Temperature and oxygen fugacity estimates for oxide pairs in nelsonites range from 600 degrees to 1,000 degrees C and 10 (super -20) to 10 (super -11) atm f (sub o 2 ) and bracket an equilibration path that is close to the FMQ buffer curve. Several stages of exsolution are evident in Fe-Ti oxides of some deposits. Nelsonites contain fluorapatite that is enriched in light lanthanides. The occurrence of nelsonite \"dikes\" in Roseland anorthosite and associated rocks of the Roseland-Piney River district of Virginia is explained by the infilling of fractures with nelsonite liquid that has settled out of an overlying ferrodiorite pluton.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.77.5.1146","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Kolker, A., 1982, Mineralogy and geochemistry of Fe-Ti oxide and apatite (nelsonite) deposits and evaluation of the liquid immiscibility hypothesis.: Economic Geology, v. 77, no. 5, p. 1146-1158, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.77.5.1146.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1146","endPage":"1158","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221319,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1982-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ab6e4b0c8380cd6f090","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolker, A. 0000-0002-5768-4533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":10947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011825,"text":"70011825 - 1982 - Mineralogy and stable isotope geochemistry of hydrothermally altered oceanic rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T12:26:55.364294","indexId":"70011825","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and stable isotope geochemistry of hydrothermally altered oceanic rocks","docAbstract":"Mineralogical and isotopic variations observed in altered glassy and crystalline rocksfrom the East Pacific Rise and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge provide information about the temperatures of alteration and seawater/rock ratios for various hydrothermal regimes within the oceanic crust. A systematic increase in alteration temperature is evident for the glassy rocksin the sequence: (1) nontronite and celadonite vesicle fillings (35°C), (2) saponite-rich pillow breccias ( 130–170°C), (3) calcite-rich greenstone breccias and epidote-rich greenstone (200–350°C). Theseresults include the highest temperatures thus far reported for saponite formation.
The “seawater-dominated” hydrothermal alteration process that formed the saponite-rich pillow breccias is characterized by high water/rock ratios (>0:1), low to moderate temperatures, a seawater origin of most of the carbon in vein calcites (δ13C≈0) and the predominance of Fe-rich saponite and calcite as secondary phases. Greenstones (chlorite-quartz-epidote) and greenstone breccias (chlorite-quartz-albite-calcite) are altered in a “rock-dominated” system with lower water/rock ratios (50:1 to < 1:1), higher temperatures, and vein calcites with carbon that is principally of magmatic origin (δ13C≈−4). The crystalline rocks (diabase, gabbro, and metagabbro) are affected to varying degrees by pervasive high-temperature seawater interactions that commence soon after solidification, producing varying proportions of fine-grained secondary minerals including talc, smectite, chlorite, vermiculite, actinolite, and sodicplagioclase. Hydrothermal solutions, derived from alteration of the crystalline rocks, are of the appropriate temperature and isotopic composition to alter the overlying glassy rocks to the observed mineralogies as well as being the source of metal-rich deposits associated with the oceanic spreading centers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(82)90151-0","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Stakes, D., and O’Neil, J.R., 1982, Mineralogy and stable isotope geochemistry of hydrothermally altered oceanic rocks: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 57, no. 2, p. 285-304, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(82)90151-0.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"304","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221317,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ac8e4b0c8380cd6f117","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stakes, D.S.","contributorId":103792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stakes","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}