{"pageNumber":"1533","pageRowStart":"38300","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40818,"records":[{"id":48674,"text":"ofr81174 - 1981 - Seismic-reflection and sidescan-sonar data collected on the Potomac River, Maryland and Virginia, during May 1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-18T14:46:06","indexId":"ofr81174","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-174","title":"Seismic-reflection and sidescan-sonar data collected on the Potomac River, Maryland and Virginia, during May 1979","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey collected 2,170 line kilometers of single-channel seismic-reflection profiles and sidescan sonar records on the Potomac River during R/V NEECHO cruise NE-3-79 in May 1979. The purposes of the survey were to define: (1) areas of sediment accumulation and erosion; (2) the thickness of Holocene sediments; (3) the internal structure of the near-surface sediments; (4) the types of bottom topography; and (5) the general geologic framework of the tidal river and estuary.

The survey utilized a variety of acoustic systems. Bottom data were obtained by using a Raytheon _1/ model DE-719 fathometer (200 kHz) and an EDO Western model 606 sidescan-sonar system (100 kHz). Subbottom data were collected with a 7-kHz Raytheon model PTR-106 system and a small airgun system (170-645 Hz band pass; l in3 chamber). An EDO Western sidescan fish (model 604-150) coupled with a 2.5-kHz seismic-reflection system also was used during the longitudinal run up the river. The totals for the ,various kinds of data collected were 481 line kilometers each of fathometer, sidescan sonar, 7-kHz, and airgun records, and 246 line kilometers of 2.5-kHz records. Positional control for all tracklines was provided by frequent radar fixes, by dead reckoning, and by sightings on buoys, landmarks, and other navigational aids.

The quality of the acoustic records varied with location in the river. Good fathometer and sidescan-sonar records were collected along all tracklines. However, because of the nature of the sediments within some sections of the river, the degree of subbottom penetration in many places was limited. In general, the subbottom penetration and resolution were poor in the upper and middle reaches of the river, whereas the subbottom records from the lower reach usually were quite good.

The original records may be examined at the U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543. Microfilm copies of the data are available for purchase from the National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center (NGSDC), Boulder, CO 80303.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr81174","usgsCitation":"Knebel, H.J., 1981, Seismic-reflection and sidescan-sonar data collected on the Potomac River, Maryland and Virginia, during May 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-174, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81174.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","temporalStart":"1979-05-14","temporalEnd":"1979-05-30","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":171374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293113,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0174/ofr1981174.pdf","text":"Report","size":"217 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1981-174"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl;Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.399,37.8907 ], [ -77.399,39.0 ], [ -76.2379,39.0 ], [ -76.2379,37.8907 ], [ -77.399,37.8907 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"

Coastal and Marine Geology Program
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA 02543

","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c3ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knebel, Harley J.","contributorId":25930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"Harley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":237993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11220,"text":"ofr81317 - 1981 - Modeling the cumulative onshore effects of offshore oil and gas development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:36","indexId":"ofr81317","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-317","title":"Modeling the cumulative onshore effects of offshore oil and gas development","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81317","usgsCitation":"Smith, E., and Hecht, L., 1981, Modeling the cumulative onshore effects of offshore oil and gas development: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-317, 20 p., ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81317.","productDescription":"20 p., ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0317/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39011,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0317/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6997bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, E.T.","contributorId":10420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hecht, L.G.","contributorId":106906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hecht","given":"L.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4238,"text":"cir839 - 1981 - Assessment of impacts of proposed coal-resource and related economic development on water resources, Yampa River basin, Colorado and Wyoming: A summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T21:17:12.505971","indexId":"cir839","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"839","title":"Assessment of impacts of proposed coal-resource and related economic development on water resources, Yampa River basin, Colorado and Wyoming: A summary","docAbstract":"Expanded mining and use of coal resources in the Rocky Mountain region of the western United States will have substantial impacts on water resources, environmental amenities, and social and economic conditions. The U.S. Geological Survey has completed a 3-year assessment of the Yampa River basin, Colorado and Wyoming, where increased coal-resource development has begun to affect the environment and quality of life. \r\n\r\nEconomic projections of the overall effects of coal-resource development were used to estimate water use and the types and amounts of waste residuals that need to be assimilated into the environment. Based in part upon these projections, several physical-based models and other semiquantitative assessment methods were used to determine possible effects upon the basin's water resources. \r\n\r\nDepending on the magnitude of mining and use of coal resources in the basin, an estimated 0.7 to 2.7 million tons (0.6 to 2.4 million metric tons) of waste residuals may be discharged annually into the environment by coal-resource development and associated economic activities. If the assumed development of coal resources in the basin occurs, annual consumptive use of water, which was approximately 142,000 acre-feet (175 million cubic meters) during 1975, may almost double by 1990. In a related analysis of alternative cooling systems for coal-conversion facilities, four to five times as much water may be used consumptively in a wet-tower, cooling-pond recycling system as in once-through cooling. An equivalent amount of coal transported by slurry pipeline would require about one-third the water used consumptively by once-through cooling for in-basin conversion. \r\n\r\nCurrent conditions and a variety of possible changes in the water resources of the basin resulting from coal-resource development were assessed. Basin population may increase by as much as threefold between 1975 and 1990. Volumes of wastes requiring treatment will increase accordingly. Potential problems associated with ammonia-nitrogen concentrations in the Yampa River downstream from Steamboat Springs were evaluated using a waste-load assimilative-capacity model. Changes in sediment loads carried by streams due to increased coal mining and construction of roads and buildings may be apparent only locally; projected increases in sediment loads relative to historic loads from the basin are estimated to be 2 to 7 percent. \r\n\r\nSolid-waste residuals generated by coal-conversion processes and disposed of into old mine pits may cause widely dispersed ground-water contamination, based on simulation-modeling results. Projected increases in year-round water use will probably result in the construction of several proposed reservoirs. Current seasonal patterns of streamflow and of dissolvedsolids concentrations in streamflow will be altered appreciably by these reservoirs. Decreases in time-weighted mean-annual dissolved-solids concentrations of as much as 34 percent are anticipated, based upon model simulations of several configurations of proposed reservoirs. Detailed statistical analyses of water-quality conditions in the Yampa River basin were made. Regionalized maximum waterquality concentrations were estimated for possible comparison with future conditions. Using Landsat imagery and aerial photographs, potential remote-sensing applications were evaluated to monitor land-use changes and to assess both snow cover and turbidity levels in streams. The technical information provided by the several studies of the Yampa River basin assessment should be useful to regional planners and resource managers in evaluating the possible impacts of development on the basin's water resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir839","usgsCitation":"Steele, T.D., and Hillier, D.E., 1981, Assessment of impacts of proposed coal-resource and related economic development on water resources, Yampa River basin, Colorado and Wyoming: A summary: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 839, vi, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir839.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410819,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23574.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":31352,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1981/0839/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1981/0839/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yampa River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.6,\n 41.611\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 41.611\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -106.6,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -106.6,\n 41.611\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671f7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steele, Timothy Doak","contributorId":88723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"Doak","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hillier, Donald E.","contributorId":105282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillier","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9951,"text":"ofr81316 - 1981 - Documentation and user's guide to the USGS oilspill risk analysis model: oilspill trajectories and calculation of conditional probabilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:19","indexId":"ofr81316","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-316","title":"Documentation and user's guide to the USGS oilspill risk analysis model: oilspill trajectories and calculation of conditional probabilities","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81316","usgsCitation":"Lanfear, K.J., and Samuels, W., 1981, Documentation and user's guide to the USGS oilspill risk analysis model: oilspill trajectories and calculation of conditional probabilities: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-316, iii, 99 p., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81316.","productDescription":"iii, 99 p., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0316/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37725,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0316/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d34f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanfear, Kenneth J.","contributorId":20738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanfear","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samuels, William B.","contributorId":13238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuels","given":"William B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":11722,"text":"ofr81479 - 1981 - Documentation of a dissolved-solids model of the Tongue River, southeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:30","indexId":"ofr81479","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-479","title":"Documentation of a dissolved-solids model of the Tongue River, southeastern Montana","docAbstract":"A model has been developed for assessing potential increases in dissolved solids of the Tongue River as a result of leaching of overburden materials used to backfill pits in surface coal-mining operations. The model allows spatial and temporal simulation of streamflow and dissolved-solids loads and concentrations under user-defined scenarios of surface coal mining and agricultural development. The model routes an input quantity of streamflow and dissolved solids from the upstream end to the downstream end of a stream reach while algebraically accounting for gains and losses of streamflow and dissolved solids within the stream reach. Input data needed to operate the model include the following: simulation number, designation of hydrologic conditions for each simulated month, either user-defined or regression-defined concentrations of dissolved solids input by the Tongue River Reservoir, number of irrigated acres, number of mined acres, dissolved-solids concentration of mine leachates and quantity of other water losses. A listing of the Fortran computer program, definitions of all variables in the model, and an example output permit use of the model by interested persons. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81479","usgsCitation":"Woods, P.F., 1981, Documentation of a dissolved-solids model of the Tongue River, southeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-479, iii, 45 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81479.","productDescription":"iii, 45 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0479/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39609,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0479/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636bb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woods, Paul F.","contributorId":82273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":8724,"text":"ofr81160 - 1981 - A TI-59 calculator program for computation of Schlumberger resistivity sounding curves for models with as many as 25 horizontal layers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:11","indexId":"ofr81160","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-160","title":"A TI-59 calculator program for computation of Schlumberger resistivity sounding curves for models with as many as 25 horizontal layers","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81160","usgsCitation":"El Kahwagy, A.S., 1981, A TI-59 calculator program for computation of Schlumberger resistivity sounding curves for models with as many as 25 horizontal layers: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-160, 7 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81160.","productDescription":"7 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0160/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36296,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0160/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd496ce4b0b290850ef278","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"El Kahwagy, Ahmed Samir M.","contributorId":83521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"El Kahwagy","given":"Ahmed","email":"","middleInitial":"Samir M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4716,"text":"twri07C3 - 1981 - A model for simulation of flow in singular and interconnected channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:32","indexId":"twri07C3","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"07-C3","title":"A model for simulation of flow in singular and interconnected channels","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional numerical model is presented for simulating the unsteady flow in singular riverine or estuarine reaches and in networks of reaches composed of interconnected channels. The model is both general and flexible in that it can be used to simulate a wide range of flow conditions for various channel configurations. The channel geometry of the network to be modeled should be sufficiently simple so as to lend itself to characterization in one spatial dimension. The flow must be substantially homogenous in density, and hydrostatic pressure must prevail everywhere in the network channels. The slope of each channel bottom ought to be mild and reasonably constant over its length so that the flow remains subcritical. The model accommodates tributary inflows and diversions and includes the effects of wind shear on the water surface as a forcing function in the flow equations. Water-surface elevations and flow discharges are computed at channel junctions, as well as at specified intermediate locations within the network channels.\r\nThe one-dimensional branch-network flow model uses a four-point, implicit, finite-difference approximation of the unsteady-flow equations. The flow equations are linearized over a time step, and branch transformations are formulated that describe the relationship between the unknowns at the end points of the channels. The resultant matrix of branch-transformation equations and required boundary-condition equations is solved by Gaussian elimination using maximum pivot strategy.\r\nFive example applications of the flow model are illustrated. The applications cover such diverse conditions as a singular upland river reach in which unsteady flow results from hydropower regulations, coastal rivers composed of sequentially connected reaches subject to unsteady tide-driven flow, and a multiply connected network of channels whose flow is principally governed by wind tides and seiches in adjoining lakes.\r\nThe report includes a listing of the FORTRAN IV computer program and a description of the input data requirements. Model supporting programs for the processing and input of initial and boundary-value data are identified, various model output formats are illustrated, and instructions are given to permit the production of graphical output using the line printer, electromechanical pen plotters, cathode-ray-tube display units, or microfilm recorders.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/twri07C3","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Schaffranek, R.W., Baltzer, R., and Goldberg, D., 1981, A model for simulation of flow in singular and interconnected channels (1981 edition): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 07-C3, x, 110 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri07C3.","productDescription":"x, 110 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":344,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri7c3/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"1981 edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaffranek, Raymond W.","contributorId":86314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baltzer, R.A.","contributorId":86321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltzer","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldberg, D.E.","contributorId":66245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":7083,"text":"ofr81881 - 1981 - Deepwell monitoring of strain-sensitive parameters over the greater Southern California uplift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-16T14:53:44.998823","indexId":"ofr81881","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-881","title":"Deepwell monitoring of strain-sensitive parameters over the greater Southern California uplift","docAbstract":"

Several wells and springs near active faults in southern California have been monitored for the concentration of Rn, Na+ , K+ , Mg+2 , and Cl- for periods of up to 24 months, in an effort to see if any of these constituents show variations which may be related to seismic activity. Radon might reflect either a change in the rock surface area to pore volume ratio or a change in groundwater flow characteristics. The chemistry may change with a change in the flow characteristics. Only a few of these sites have shown significant fluctuations in either radon or chemistry. Data from cold springs are consistent with a model in which ionic constituents are controlled by reactions in the soil zone and radon concentrations are controlled by flow rates in the aquifer.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81881","usgsCitation":"Henyey, T.L., Teng, T., Hammond, D.E., and Sammis, C., 1981, Deepwell monitoring of strain-sensitive parameters over the greater Southern California uplift: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-881, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81881.","productDescription":"55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495596,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0881/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140187,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0881/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67250f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henyey, Thomas L.","contributorId":34493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henyey","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teng, Ta-liang","contributorId":18356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teng","given":"Ta-liang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammond, Douglas E.","contributorId":67878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sammis, C.G.","contributorId":77140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sammis","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":9744,"text":"ofr81694 - 1981 - Modification of the Tangborn short-term hydrometeorological model, with trial results from the Baker River basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T17:41:32.902534","indexId":"ofr81694","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-694","title":"Modification of the Tangborn short-term hydrometeorological model, with trial results from the Baker River basin, Washington","docAbstract":"

This report presents a modification of the short-term hydrometeorological model (Tangborn, 1978) for estimating river-basin snowmelt runoff. A multiple linear regression replaces a nonlinear regression scheme to correct for temperature effects of snowmelt runoff. Results based on data from the Baker River basin, Washington, indicate that model performance is improved by the modification in a majority of applications, and, additionally, use of the model is simplified and computer time is reduced.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81694","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Puget Sound Power and Light Company","usgsCitation":"Karlinger, M., and Wilson, J.D., 1981, Modification of the Tangborn short-term hydrometeorological model, with trial results from the Baker River basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-694, iii, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81694.","productDescription":"iii, 63 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405198,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0694/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0694/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Baker River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.47283935546874,\n 48.398208936781806\n ],\n [\n -121.57745361328125,\n 48.398208936781806\n ],\n [\n -121.57745361328125,\n 48.629278127969414\n ],\n [\n -122.47283935546874,\n 48.629278127969414\n ],\n [\n -122.47283935546874,\n 48.398208936781806\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6994f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karlinger, M.R.","contributorId":95039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, J. D.","contributorId":25154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9552,"text":"ofr811061 - 1981 - Flow model of Saginaw River near Saginaw, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T10:39:57","indexId":"ofr811061","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1061","title":"Flow model of Saginaw River near Saginaw, Michigan","docAbstract":"

An unsteady-flow simulation model was applied to a 19.5-mile reach of Saginaw River. The model provides a method of determining instantaneous discharge for flows from -8,000 to 12,000 cubic feet per second. The currently used slope-rating method can be utilized to compute discharge only under steady and high-flow conditions. Unsteady flow frequently occurs in the Saginaw River as a result of lake seiching.

Model computations are based on solution of the continuity and momentum flow equations, on hydraulic characteristics of Saginaw River, and on time-dependent boundary conditions. An implicit, finite-difference technique is used to solve the one-dimensional flow equations. Channel storage and conveyance characteristics were obtained from data collected during a 1979 field survey and through model calibration. Boundary conditions are specified by stage or discharge data at the model extremities. Optionally, wind velocity data are incorporated in the flow simulations.

The model can simulate instantaneous stage and discharge data and summarize or plot the data. Simulations of low-flows are sensitive to small errors in stage data and to gentle breezes. Simulation of high flows for present channel conditions requires additional data and further study.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/ofr811061","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D.J., 1981, Flow model of Saginaw River near Saginaw, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1061, v, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811061.","productDescription":"v, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":141685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1061/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":343667,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1061/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Saginaw River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.40521240234375,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -83.69384765625,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -83.69384765625,\n 43.79092385423618\n ],\n [\n -84.40521240234375,\n 43.79092385423618\n ],\n [\n -84.40521240234375,\n 43.29320031385282\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df2d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, David J. 0000-0001-5185-4928 dholtschlag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":5447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"David","email":"dholtschlag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":159878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9487,"text":"ofr81272 - 1981 - Composition of tidal flat sediments, Willapa Bay, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T19:12:41.975578","indexId":"ofr81272","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-272","title":"Composition of tidal flat sediments, Willapa Bay, Washington","docAbstract":"

The purpose of this study was to characterize the modern sediments of sandy tidal flats in Willapa Bay, Washington based on their composition.

Generally, clay comprises less than five percent of the sediment. Clay content increases upslope and up-estuary. Principal clay minerals are montmorillanite, illite, and chlorite; two clay mineral suites are present: (1) muddy flat suite with clay containing 44% montmorillonite, and (2) sandy flat suite with clay composition of 88% montmorillonite.

Heavy minerals make up approximately four percent of the tidal flat sediment. Distribution of heavy minerals reflect their source with (1) heavy minerals most abundant near the beach on flats to the north where they were eroded out of terrace deposits, and (2) relatively greater heavy mineral concentrations (supplied by the Naselle River) across the entire flat to the south. The composition of the heavy mineral suite is mainly clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, hornblende, epidote, and opaque minerals. This mineral suite represents several sources including rivers, ocean and ocean beaches, and reworked local Tertiary and Quaternary deposits.

Tidal flat sediments are approximately 90% light minerals, mostly quartz. The light fraction also contains small quantities of lithic fragments, pumice, vegetation, and biogenic shell fragments. Tertiary and Quaternary terrace deposits are the major source of most of the light material.

Fossils make up less than one percent of the bottom sediment. Two foram assemblages are present: (1) a modern shallow-water assemblage characterized by Trochammina inflata, found mainly in muddy flats near rivers, and (2) a relic deep-water assemblage (Eocene to Cretaceous) characterized by such species as Bathysiphon and Cyclammina found predominantly on the sandy flats. Macrofossils consists of shells of the modern tidal flat mollusc assemblage.

Organic sediments were mostly carbon (1%). The highest concentrations of organic carbon are associated with muddy sediments near the Palix River and Pickernell Creek; overall, organic carbon concentration increased up-estuary. C/N ratios are transitional between open marine environments and marsh deposits of estuaries.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81272","usgsCitation":"Hill, G.W., and Chinn, J.L., 1981, Composition of tidal flat sediments, Willapa Bay, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-272, iii, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81272.","productDescription":"iii, 49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408910,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0272/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0272/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Willapa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.178466796875,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -123.67309570312499,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -123.67309570312499,\n 46.77184961467733\n ],\n [\n -124.178466796875,\n 46.77184961467733\n ],\n [\n -124.178466796875,\n 46.31658418182218\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8102","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Gary W.","contributorId":56627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chinn, John L.","contributorId":97497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chinn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":159775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":8532,"text":"ofr81919 - 1981 - Ground-water quality in the vicinity of landfill sites, southern Franklin County, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:18","indexId":"ofr81919","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-919","title":"Ground-water quality in the vicinity of landfill sites, southern Franklin County, Ohio","docAbstract":"The hydrogeology and ground-water quality in the vicinity of five landfills in southern Franklin County, Ohio, were investigated by use of data obtained from 46 existing wells, 1 seep, 1 surface-water site, and 1 leachate-collection site. Interpretation was based on data from the wells, a potentiometric-surface map, and chemical analyses. Four of the five landfills are in abandoned sand and gravel pits. Pumping of water from a quarry near the landfills has modified the local ground-water flow pattern, increased the hydraulic gradient, and lowered the water table. Ground water unaffected by the landfills is a hard, calcium bicarbonate type with concentrations of dissolved iron and dissolved sulfate as great as 3.0 milligrams per liter and 200 milligrams per liter, respectively. Water sampled from wells downgradient from two landfills shows an increase in sodium, chloride, and other constituents. The change in water quality cannot be traced directly to the landfills, however, because of well location and the presence of other potential sources of contamination. Chemical analysis of leachate from a collection unit at one landfill shows significant amounts of zinc, chromium, copper, and nickel, in addition to high total organic carbon, biochemical oxygen demand, and organic nitrogen. Concentrations of chloride, iron, lead, manganese and phenolic compounds exceed Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Water Quality Standards for drinking water. Water from unaffected wells within the study area have relatively small amounts of these constituents. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81919","usgsCitation":"De Roche, J., and Razem, A., 1981, Ground-water quality in the vicinity of landfill sites, southern Franklin County, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-919, iv, 19 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81919.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0919/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36111,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0919/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6671ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Roche, J.T.","contributorId":66691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Roche","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Razem, A. C.","contributorId":34924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Razem","given":"A. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":11322,"text":"ofr81897 - 1981 - Eastern Gulf of Alaska seismicity: Annual report to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for April 1, 1980, through March 31, 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-29T20:56:37.089157","indexId":"ofr81897","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-897","title":"Eastern Gulf of Alaska seismicity: Annual report to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for April 1, 1980, through March 31, 1981","docAbstract":"

The objective of this research is to collect and analyze data on earthquake activity in the northeast Gulf of Alaska (NEGOA) and adjacent onshore areas in order to develop a better regional seismotectonic model and more accurately assess the earthquake potential. This information is critical to the establishment of criteria for the safe development of oil and gas. Large (Ms> 7) historical earthquakes have occurred in and around the NEGOA, and recent studies suggest that the NEGOA is a likely site for a magnitude 8 or larger earthquake to occur within the next two or three decades. A great earthquake (Ms>8) associated with low-angle oblique underthrusting of the sea floor beneath continental shelf could be accompanied by strong ground shaking throughout much of the eastern Gulf of Alaska, possibly from Cross Sound to Kayak Island (Page, 1975), and could trigger tsunamis, seiches, and submarine slumping, any of which could be hazardous to offshore and coastal structures (Meyers, 1976).

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81897","usgsCitation":"Stephens, C.D., Lahr, J.C., and Rogers, J.A., 1981, Eastern Gulf of Alaska seismicity: Annual report to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for April 1, 1980, through March 31, 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-897, iii, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81897.","productDescription":"iii, 32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420276,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0897/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144051,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0897/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":410976,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12199.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"eastern Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -148,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -134,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -134,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -148,\n 62\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6281a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephens, Christopher D. 0000-0003-0858-3709 cdstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-3709","contributorId":2788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Christopher","email":"cdstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":162930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lahr, John C.","contributorId":20328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahr","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogers, John A.","contributorId":82704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31076,"text":"ofr81408 - 1981 - Preliminary water-quality assessment of the upper White River near Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-09T15:40:32.483931","indexId":"ofr81408","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-408","title":"Preliminary water-quality assessment of the upper White River near Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana","docAbstract":"

The White River Park Commission is planning the development of park facilities along the White River through Indianapolis. A key element in the planning is the determination of whether water quality of the river is suitable for recreation. A preliminary water-quality assessment of the river in Indianapolis on August 4-5, 1980, indicates that, during low-flow steady-state conditions, water quality of the river is suitable for partial body contact recreation (any contact with water up to, but not including, complete submergence). Dissolved-oxygen concentrations varied but were higher than the Indiana water-quality standards established to ensure conditions for the maintenance of a well-balanced, warm-water fish community. High fecal-coliform densities that have been observed in the White River during high stream-flow are probably caused by stormwater runoff from combined sewers. However, during the low-flow steady-state conditions on August 4-5, 1980, fecal coliform densities were within the Indiana standards for partial body contact recreation. Concentrations of organic matter (based on biochemical-oxygen demand and dissolved- and suspended-organic carbon concentrations), nutrients, and heavy metals in the White River were generally within the limits recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and were generally similar to values for other Indiana rivers. Chromium, copper, lead, zinc, and mercury are accumulating in bottom materials downstream from 30th Street (river mile 235.58). The source of these metals is probably stormwater runoff from combined sewer overflows. The phytoplankton densities of the White River were high (>500 cells per milliliter). The dominant phytoplankton species are indicative of rivers moderately affected by organic wastes. The highest cell concentrations, upstream from dams on the White River, significantly affected dissolved-oxygen concentration and pH. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81408","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the White River Park Commission","usgsCitation":"Wangsness, D.J., Eikenberry, S.E., Wilber, W.G., and Crawford, C.G., 1981, Preliminary water-quality assessment of the upper White River near Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-408, vii, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81408.","productDescription":"vii, 50 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405024,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0408/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0408/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Marion County","city":"Indianapolis","otherGeospatial":"upper White River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.41845703124999,\n 39.61838363831915\n ],\n [\n -85.88836669921874,\n 39.61838363831915\n ],\n [\n -85.88836669921874,\n 39.9476478239225\n ],\n [\n -86.41845703124999,\n 39.9476478239225\n ],\n [\n -86.41845703124999,\n 39.61838363831915\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669282","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wangsness, David J.","contributorId":81475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wangsness","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eikenberry, Stephen E.","contributorId":35309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eikenberry","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilber, William G. wgwilber@usgs.gov","contributorId":297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilber","given":"William","email":"wgwilber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":204847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":7975,"text":"ofr81425 - 1981 - Digital-model simulation of the Toppenish alluvial aquifer, Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-10T13:22:01","indexId":"ofr81425","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-425","title":"Digital-model simulation of the Toppenish alluvial aquifer, Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington","docAbstract":"

Increasing demands for irrigating additional lands and proposals to divert water from the Yakima River by water users downstream from the Yakima Indian Reservation have made an accounting of water availability important for present-day water management in the Toppenish Creek basin. A digital model was constructed and calibrated for the Toppenish alluvial aquifer to help fulfill this need. The average difference between observed and model-calculated aquifer heads was about 4 feet. Results of model analysis show that the net gain from the Yakima River to the aquifer is 90 cubic feet per second, and the net loss from the aquifer to Toppenish Creek is 137 cubic feet per second. Water-level declines of about 5 feet were calculated for an area near Toppenish in response to a hypothetical tenfold increase in 1974 pumping rates.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81425","usgsCitation":"Bolke, E., and Skrivan, J.A., 1981, Digital-model simulation of the Toppenish alluvial aquifer, Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-425, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81425.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":363670,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0425/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0425/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakima Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.73013305664062,\n 46.292866664344295\n ],\n [\n -120.11215209960938,\n 46.292866664344295\n ],\n [\n -120.11215209960938,\n 46.57774276255591\n ],\n [\n -120.73013305664062,\n 46.57774276255591\n ],\n [\n -120.73013305664062,\n 46.292866664344295\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64acfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolke, E.L.","contributorId":52151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolke","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skrivan, James A.","contributorId":106869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skrivan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6433,"text":"pp1143 - 1981 - The sorting and deposition of allochthonous plant material in a modern environment at Silwood Lake, Silwood Park, Berkshire, England","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":40469,"text":"ofr79124 - 1979 - Coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Rock Springs Quadrangle, Sweetwater County, Wyoming","indexId":"ofr79124","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Rock Springs Quadrangle, Sweetwater County, Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6433,"text":"pp1143 - 1981 - The sorting and deposition of allochthonous plant material in a modern environment at Silwood Lake, Silwood Park, Berkshire, England","indexId":"pp1143","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"The sorting and deposition of allochthonous plant material in a modern environment at Silwood Lake, Silwood Park, Berkshire, England"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:55","indexId":"pp1143","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1143","title":"The sorting and deposition of allochthonous plant material in a modern environment at Silwood Lake, Silwood Park, Berkshire, England","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off. :\r\nfor sale by the Supt. of Docs.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1143","usgsCitation":"Spicer, R.A., 1981, The sorting and deposition of allochthonous plant material in a modern environment at Silwood Lake, Silwood Park, Berkshire, England: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1143, 77 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1143.","productDescription":"77 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1143/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33844,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1143/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636463","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spicer, Robert A.","contributorId":80681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3127,"text":"wsp2068 - 1981 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":7233,"text":"ofr79988 - 1979 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah","indexId":"ofr79988","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3127,"text":"wsp2068 - 1981 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah","indexId":"wsp2068","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T20:06:08.759442","indexId":"wsp2068","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2068","title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah","docAbstract":"

Data obtained during a hydrologic reconnaissance in 1975-77 in the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area of Utah were correlated with existing long-term data. Maps were prepared showing average precipitation, average streamflow, stream temperature, ground- and surface-water quality, sediment yield, and geology. Recommendations were made for additional study and suggested approaches for continued monitoring in the coalfields areas.

moDuring the 1931-75 water years, the minimum discharges for the five major streams that head in the area ranged from about 12,000 to 26,000 acre-feet per year, and the maximum discharges ranged from about 59,000 to 315,000 acre-feet per year. Correlations indicate that 3 years of low-flow records at stream sites in the Wasatch Plateau would allow the development of relationships with long-term sites that can be used to estimate future low-flow records within a standard error of about 20 percent.

Most water-quality degradation in streams occurs along the flanks of the Wasatch Plateau and Book Cliffs. In the uplands, dissolved-solids concentrations generally ranged from less than 100 to about 250 milligrams per liter, and in the lowlands, the concentrations ranged from about 250 to more than 6,000 milligrams per liter.

Most springs in the Wasatch Plateau and Book Cliffs discharge from the Star Point Sandstone or younger formations, and the water generally contains less than about 1,000 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids. The discharges of 65 springs ranged from about 0.2 to 200 gallons per minute. The Blackhawk Formation, which is the principal coal-bearing formation, produces water in many of the mines. The dissolved-solids concentration in water discharging from springs and mines in the Blackhawk ranged from about 60 to 800 milligrams per liter.

In the lowland areas, the Ferron Sandstone Member of the Maneos Shale appears to have the most potential for subsurface development of water of suitable chemical quality for human consumption. Three wells in the Ferron yielded water with dissolved-solids concentrations ranging from about 650 to 1,230 milligrams per liter.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2068","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Waddell, K.M., Contratto, P., Sumsion, C.T., and Butler, J.R., 1981, Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2068, Report: v, 45 p.; 9 Plates: 40.00 in x 30.19 inches or smaller; Table: 12.50 in. x 13.45 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2068.","productDescription":"Report: v, 45 p.; 9 Plates: 40.00 in x 30.19 inches or smaller; Table: 12.50 in. x 13.45 inches","numberOfPages":"61","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414125,"rank":13,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25489.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":30038,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247290,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Hydrgraphs for selected wells, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247284,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing average discharges of streams, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247283,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing average annual precipitation, 1931-75, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247282,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing general geology of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":139323,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":247289,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-8.pdf","text":"Plate 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Fence diagram showing stratigraphic units and concentrations of dissolved solids, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247288,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-7.pdf","text":"Plate 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing concentrations of dissolved solids in ground water, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247287,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-6.pdf","text":"Plate 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing estimated sediment yields, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247286,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-5.pdf","text":"Plate 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing concentrations of dissolved solids in surface water, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247285,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing estimated range of stream temperature, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247291,"rank":12,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-table_2.pdf","text":"Table 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Published stream-gaging records and ranges of annual discharge, 1931-75 water years"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.54,\n 40.045\n ],\n [\n -111.54,\n 38.687\n ],\n [\n -109.059,\n 38.687\n ],\n [\n -109.059,\n 40.045\n ],\n [\n -111.54,\n 40.045\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605450","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddell, Kidd M.","contributorId":20720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"Kidd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Contratto, P. Kay","contributorId":15598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Contratto","given":"P. Kay","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sumsion, C. T.","contributorId":23129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumsion","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butler, John R.","contributorId":36540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":11527,"text":"ofr81134 - 1981 - Reconnaissance of the Hot Springs Mountains and adjacent areas, Churchill County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-20T19:21:56.109758","indexId":"ofr81134","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-134","title":"Reconnaissance of the Hot Springs Mountains and adjacent areas, Churchill County, Nevada","docAbstract":"A geologic reconnaissance of the Hot Springs Mountains and adjacent areas, which include parts of the Brady-Hazen and the Stillwater-Soda Lake Known Geothermal Resource Areas, during June-December 1975, resulted in a reinterpretation of the nature and location of some Basin and Range faults. In addition, the late Cenozoic stratigraphy has been modified, chiefly on the basis of radiometric dates of volcanic rocks by U.S. Geological Survey personnel and others. The Hot Springs Mountains are in the western part of the Basin and Range province, which is characterized by east-west crustal extension and associated normal faulting. In the surrounding Trinity, West Humboldt, Stillwater, and Desert Mountains, Cenozoic rocks overlie ' basement ' rocks of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic age. A similar relation is inferred in the Hot Springs Mountains. Folding and faulting have taken place from the late Tertiary to the present. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81134","usgsCitation":"Voegtly, N.E., 1981, Reconnaissance of the Hot Springs Mountains and adjacent areas, Churchill County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-134, Report: iii, 10 p.; 1 Plate: 24.24 × 33.28 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81134.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 10 p.; 1 Plate: 24.24 × 33.28 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389495,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75406.htm"},{"id":39390,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0134/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39391,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0134/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0134/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Churchill County","otherGeospatial":"Hot Springs Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.1628,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -118.75,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -118.75,\n 39.9167\n ],\n [\n -119.1628,\n 39.9167\n ],\n [\n -119.1628,\n 39.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688665","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voegtly, Nickolas E.","contributorId":18004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voegtly","given":"Nickolas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11441,"text":"ofr81681 - 1981 - Computer simulation of the steady-state flow system of the Tertiary limestone (Floridan) aquifer system in east-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:33","indexId":"ofr81681","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-681","title":"Computer simulation of the steady-state flow system of the Tertiary limestone (Floridan) aquifer system in east-central Florida","docAbstract":"The predevelopment steady-state ground-water flow system for 13 ,700 square miles of the Tertiary limestone aquifer system (known as the Florida aquifer in Florida) in east-central Florida is simulated by means of a digital computer model. The model results indicate that about 1,900 cubic feet per second recharges the aquifer as downward leakage from the surficial aquifer. The average recharge rate where recharge actually occurs (approximately 6,550 square miles) is about 4 inches per year. The maximum recharge rate is about 14 inches per year. An additional 21 cubic feet per second is recharged to the modeled area of the aquifer by means of lateral boundary inflow along the northeast boundary. The Floridan aquifer system, as simulated, discharges 1,300 cubic feet per second as springflow, 540 cubic feet per second as diffuse upward leakage to the surficial aquifer in an area of approximately 7,150 square miles and 81 cubic feet per second as lateral boundary outflow to the southwest and to the east. The average transmissivity of the upper unit of the aquifer, as simulated, is about 120,000 square feet per day while that for the lower unit is about 60,000 square feet per day. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81681","usgsCitation":"Tibbals, C.H., 1981, Computer simulation of the steady-state flow system of the Tertiary limestone (Floridan) aquifer system in east-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-681, v, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81681.","productDescription":"v, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39290,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39291,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39292,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39293,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39294,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39295,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39296,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39297,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39298,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7667","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tibbals, C. 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Hydrologic conditions for a two-aquifer system consisting of the Gordo and Eutaw aquifers of Cretaceous age in west-central Alabama were simulated using a three-dimensional finite difference digital model. The model was calibrated to observed heads in the aquifers using a least squares method for obtaining the values for hydraulic parameters which provided the best fit to 28 calibration points in the model. The standard error of estimate for computed heads in the model is 3.46 feet.

Data collected during the period of 1900 to 1970 indicate that the modeled aquifer system is in a steady-state condition. The results of steady-state model simulations show that about 56 percent of the discharge from the system is by upward vertical leakage through confining beds to rivers, about 18 percent is to unregulated flowing wells, 10 percent is to pumped wells, and 16 percent is to boundaries. The areal distribution of water in the aquifer containing chloride concentrations greater than 1,000 mg/L appears to be related to flow patterns in the system.

Areas of greatest head loss in the system are those where there is natural discharge and pumpage. More than 80 percent of the head loss in the system can be attributed to natural discharge by upward leakage through the confining beds.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80422","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with Geological Survey of Alabama","usgsCitation":"Gardner, R.A., 1981, Model of the ground-water flow system of the Gordo and Eutaw aquifers in west-central Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-422, Report: 30 p.; 23 Figures: 7.61 x 10.38 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80422.","productDescription":"Report: 30 p.; 23 Figures: 7.61 x 10.38 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495502,"rank":24,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0422/figure-24.pdf","text":"Figure 24","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":495503,"rank":23,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0422/figure-23.pdf","text":"Figure 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699a15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, Richard Alfred","contributorId":89134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Alfred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":8810,"text":"ofr8199 - 1981 - Modes of occurrence of trace elements in coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:18","indexId":"ofr8199","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-99","title":"Modes of occurrence of trace elements in coal","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8199","usgsCitation":"Finkelman, R.B., 1981, Modes of occurrence of trace elements in coal: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-99, xi, 315 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8199.","productDescription":"xi, 315 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0099/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36386,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0099/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6997af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finkelman, Robert B.","contributorId":85951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11379,"text":"ofr81609 - 1981 - Dissolution of sphalerite in ferric chloride solution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-03T16:51:18.130389","indexId":"ofr81609","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-609","title":"Dissolution of sphalerite in ferric chloride solution","docAbstract":"

The dissolution of sphalerite in acidic ferric chloride solution of polished flat surfaces and of spherical particle surface was investigated. Tests were conducted on sphalerite to study rate of dissolution by the effects of stirring speed, temperature, ferric and ferrous concentrations, purity, and particle size.

Kinetic investigations were conducted in a nitrogen atmosphere with temperature ranges of 44°C to 90°C. The activation energy for the dissolution process is -11.2 ± 2.7 Kcal per mole.

The kinetics show chemical reaction as being important at the initial stages of leaching, and ion diffusion through a product layer as being important during the later stages of reaction. The mixed-control equation is an excellent description of the rate of dissolution of a sphalerite particle.

 Krt = 1 - (1-R)1/3 + B [1 - 2/3 R - (1-R)2/3] where Kr = dissolution rate, min.-1, t = leaching time, minutes, R = fraction of sphalerite converted, %, B = constant for mixed-control model.

The basic kinetic data of this investigation could be applicable to engineering design of the leaching process.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81609","usgsCitation":"Su, H., 1981, Dissolution of sphalerite in ferric chloride solution: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-609, iii, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81609.","productDescription":"iii, 60 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":429462,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0609/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143184,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0609/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a2ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Su, Huai","contributorId":30232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Su","given":"Huai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11490,"text":"ofr81764 - 1981 - Bed form distribution and inferred sand transport on Georges Bank","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-04T19:44:07.118897","indexId":"ofr81764","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-764","title":"Bed form distribution and inferred sand transport on Georges Bank","docAbstract":"

Four bed-form provinces have been identified on Georges Bank using sidescan sonar and echo-sounding techniques: large sand waves, small sand waves, megaripples, and featureless sea floor. The large sand waves are found on the bank crest where the surface tidal currents are strongest, and are bordered, north and south, by areas of small sand waves and/or megaripples, formed where tidal currents are moderate in strength. Featureless sea floor is found farthest from the bank crest where surface tidal currents are weakest.

Bed-form asymmetry and surface-sediment texture have been used to infer bedload transport paths on the bank. In the large sand-wave area, bed forms converge on linear northwest-striking ridges from both sides implying erosion from the troughs and growth of the ridges. The asymmetry of the small sand waves along the south side of the bank indicates that sand is also transported southward away from the bank. Though the bed-form asymmetry of megaripples could not be determined in this study, the occurrence of megaripples between the sand-wave provinces and areas of featureless sea floor suggests a decreasing effectiveness of sand transport away from the bank crest. This sand transport pattern is further supported by surface-sediment texture which becomes progressively finer both to the north and southwest away from the crest of Georges Bank.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81764","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D.C., 1981, Bed form distribution and inferred sand transport on Georges Bank: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-764, iii, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81764.","productDescription":"iii, 32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":409183,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0764/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0764/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Georges Bank","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.7958984375,\n 39.87601941962116\n ],\n [\n -65.2587890625,\n 39.87601941962116\n ],\n [\n -65.2587890625,\n 44.68427737181225\n ],\n [\n -70.7958984375,\n 44.68427737181225\n ],\n [\n -70.7958984375,\n 39.87601941962116\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63dc0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":163231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25511,"text":"wri80117 - 1981 - Flow routing in the Susquehanna River Basin: Part IV - Routing reservoir releases in the eastern Susqehanna river basin in New York State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-28T07:54:12","indexId":"wri80117","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-117","title":"Flow routing in the Susquehanna River Basin: Part IV - Routing reservoir releases in the eastern Susqehanna river basin in New York State","docAbstract":"Flow-routing models for six reaches of major streams in the eastern Susquehanna River basin in New York were developed and used to trace releases of water from East Sidney Lake and Whitney Point Lake to gaged points downstream. Daily streamflow during 1942-77 was modeled for the following reaches: Susquehanna River--Unadilla to Conklin, Conklin to Vestal, and Vestal to Waverly; Chenango River--Sherburne to Greene, and Greene to Chenango Forks; Tioughnioga River--Cortland to Itaska. The models were developed with convolution techniques and were based on the unit-response method of flow routing, assuming the diffusion analogy and using multilinearization. Overall accuracy of the models, as measured by the average difference between observed and simulated daily flows over the base period, was within the stated accuracy of published gaging-station records. As an example of one application of the models, hypothetical releases from East Sidney Lake and Whitney Point Lake during low flow were traced downstream to the Waverly gaging station at the lower end of the area studied. The leading edge of the East Sidney release arrived in 4 days, and the full release arrived in 6 days. The leading edge of the Whitney Point release arrived in 1 day, and the full release arrived in 3 days. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri80117","usgsCitation":"Zembrzuski, T.J., 1981, Flow routing in the Susquehanna River Basin: Part IV - Routing reservoir releases in the eastern Susqehanna river basin in New York State: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-117, 31 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri80117.","productDescription":"31 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268520,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0117/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de830","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zembrzuski, Thomas J. Jr.","contributorId":37371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zembrzuski","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}