{"pageNumber":"1534","pageRowStart":"38325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40807,"records":[{"id":28611,"text":"wri8123 - 1981 - Stormwater quality processes for three land-use areas in Broward County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-28T20:04:17.308748","indexId":"wri8123","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-23","title":"Stormwater quality processes for three land-use areas in Broward County, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>Systematic collection of rainfall, runoff, and water-quality samples from three small urban areas of Broward County, Florida, were obtained between 1974 and 1977. Stormwater loads for 30 or more storms were computed for the residential, highway, and commercial investigation areas. </p><p>Stepwise, multiple, linear regression models were constructed for total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total carbon, chemical oxygen demand, total residue, lead, and zinc. Loadings, pounds per day per acre of hydraulically effective impervious area, were computed based on measured, modeled, and estimated loads for the three areas. </p><p>Atmospheric loads were estimated from chemical analyses of bulk precipitation collected at the highway and commercial sites. The atmospheric contribution to the runoff loads were 49 percent or more for all seven constituents at the two sites.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8123","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation With the Broward County Transportation Department, Broward County Environmental Quality Control Board, Florida Department of Transportation, and Florida Department of Environmental Regulation","usgsCitation":"Mattraw, H.C., and Miller, R.A., 1981, Stormwater quality processes for three land-use areas in Broward County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-23, v, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8123.","productDescription":"v, 56 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":426082,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0023/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159075,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0023/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Broward County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.37981,25.949959 ], [ -80.37981,26.37992 ], [ -80.060996,26.37992 ], [ -80.060996,25.949959 ], [ -80.37981,25.949959 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b15cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattraw, Harold C. Jr.","contributorId":72360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattraw","given":"Harold","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Robert A.","contributorId":52938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28417,"text":"wri80112 - 1981 - Rainfall-runoff modeling and preliminary regional flood characteristics of small rural watersheds in the Arkansas River basin in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-05T09:52:07","indexId":"wri80112","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-112","title":"Rainfall-runoff modeling and preliminary regional flood characteristics of small rural watersheds in the Arkansas River basin in Colorado","docAbstract":"Both recorded and synthetic rainfall-runoff and annual peak-discharge data for 17 rural watersheds were analyzed to evaluate the magnitude, frequency, and volume of floods in the plains region of the Arkansas River basin in Colorado. Flood-frequency relations from analysis of recorded data were weighted or combined with flood-frequency relations from analysis of synthetic data to provide improved estimates of selected flood characteristics for 15 of these watersheds. The 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year peak discharges were regionalized using multiple-regression and station-year methods. Regression relations were developed to determine peak discharge from effective drainage area (standard error of estimate 30 to 50 percent) and flood volume from peak discharge (standard error of estimate 62 percent) for ungaged basins between 0.5 and 15 square miles in size. Using these two flood characteristics, a dimensionless hydrograph method provides synthetic hydrographs very similar in shape to recorded flood hydrographs. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri80112","usgsCitation":"Livingston, R.K., 1981, Rainfall-runoff modeling and preliminary regional flood characteristics of small rural watersheds in the Arkansas River basin in Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-112, iv, 43 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri80112.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":366185,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0112/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0112/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6495d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Livingston, Russell K.","contributorId":69582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livingston","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28416,"text":"wri8097 - 1981 - Characterization of floodflows along the Arkansas River without regulation by Pueblo Reservoir, Portland to John Martin Reservoir, Southeastern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri8097","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-97","title":"Characterization of floodflows along the Arkansas River without regulation by Pueblo Reservoir, Portland to John Martin Reservoir, Southeastern Colorado","docAbstract":"The need for a method for estimating flow characteristics of flood hydrographs between Portland, Colo., and John Martin Reservoir has been promoted with the construction of the Pueble Reservoir. To meet this need a procedure was developed for predicting floodflow peaks, traveltimes, and volumes at any point along the Arkansas River between Portland and John Martin Reservoir without considering the existing Pueble Reservoir detention effects. A streamflow-routing model was calibrated initially and then typical flood simulations were made for the 164.8-mile study reach. Simulations were completed for varying magnitudes of floods and antecedent streamflow conditions. Multiple regression techniques were then used with simulation results as input to provide predictive relationships for food peak, volume, and traveltime. Management practices that may be used to benefit water users in the area include providing methods for the distribution and allotment of the flood waters upstream of Portland to different downstream water users according to Colorado water law and also under the Arkansas River Compact. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri8097","usgsCitation":"Little, J.R., and Bauer, D.P., 1981, Characterization of floodflows along the Arkansas River without regulation by Pueblo Reservoir, Portland to John Martin Reservoir, Southeastern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-97, v, 36 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8097.","productDescription":"v, 36 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0097/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57219,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0097/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4dd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Little, John R.","contributorId":49369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bauer, Daniel P.","contributorId":24337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30234,"text":"wri819 - 1981 - Polychlorinated biphenyl transport in the Hudson River, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-28T08:00:36","indexId":"wri819","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-9","title":"Polychlorinated biphenyl transport in the Hudson River, New York","docAbstract":"Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) have been entering the Hudson River estuary since 1951. Concentration and loading of PCB 's in the river below Waterford, N.Y., are controlled at present by resuspension of sediments containing these substances; therefore , until the amount of PCB 's in the sediments is significantly lowered, reduction of point-source PCB discharge from the present rate of 0.4 kilograms per day will produce no more than a 10% reduction in loading to the river. Potential concentrations of PCB 's in solution and suspension in the river can be predicted by a simple model for mixing and dilution. From a known range of PCB influent rates, total PCB loading to the Hudson River from above Waterford is shown to be between 2,000 and 12,000 kilograms per year. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, WRD,","doi":"10.3133/wri819","usgsCitation":"Turk, J.T., and Troutman, D.E., 1981, Polychlorinated biphenyl transport in the Hudson River, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-9, iv, 11 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri819.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268534,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0009/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db683108","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turk, John T.","contributorId":53363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, David E.","contributorId":50133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":9637,"text":"ofr81424 - 1981 - Outline for a hydrologic data base for Portugal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-23T15:18:24.17282","indexId":"ofr81424","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-424","title":"Outline for a hydrologic data base for Portugal","docAbstract":"<p>The Agency for International Development requested the assistance of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to help the Government of Portugal in the investigation and management of ground water resources in the Algarve region. The assistance was to be provided in four specialty areas, but the scope of this report is limited to making recommendations on the design of a hydrologic data base for Portugal.</p><p>It is recommended that a small data base be developed initially to meet the needs for ground-water data in the Algarve region utilizing personnel in the Division of Geohydrology in the Directorate of Water Resources Development. This data base may eventually be expanded to cover all regions of Portugal and include all types of hydrologic data, including streamflow, precipitation, and surface-water quality, as well as groundwater data. Consideration should be given to implementing a commercial data base management system (DBMS) in 2-3 years when significant amounts of data, including surface-water data, begin to be entered from other regions of Portugal.</p><p>Training in computer programming and data base systems should be provided to provide a broad base of support for the data base system and groundwater modeling.</p><p>It is also recommended that a uniform system for identifying hydrologic sites and basins be developed for eventual use by all agencies (departments) involved in water resources development and management in Portugal.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81424","usgsCitation":"Hutchison, N.E., 1981, Outline for a hydrologic data base for Portugal: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-424, iv, 142 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81424.","productDescription":"iv, 142 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495902,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0424/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141966,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0424/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Portugal","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -6.041841774705205,\n              42.33077581152199\n            ],\n            [\n              -9.882871059050842,\n              42.33077581152199\n            ],\n            [\n              -9.882871059050842,\n              36.77641394499072\n            ],\n            [\n              -6.041841774705205,\n              36.77641394499072\n            ],\n            [\n              -6.041841774705205,\n              42.33077581152199\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a3bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchison, Norman E.","contributorId":71161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchison","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9633,"text":"ofr81630 - 1981 - Hydrogeology of well-field areas near Tampa, Florida; Phase I, development and documentation of a two-dimensional finite-difference model for simulation of steady-state ground-water flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-02T07:15:21","indexId":"ofr81630","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-630","title":"Hydrogeology of well-field areas near Tampa, Florida; Phase I, development and documentation of a two-dimensional finite-difference model for simulation of steady-state ground-water flow","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional finite-difference model was developed for simulation of steady-state ground-water flow in the Floridan aquifer throughout a 932-square-mile area, which contains nine municipal well fields. The overlying surficial aquifer contains a constant-head water table and is coupled to the Floridan aquifer by a leakage term that represents flow through a confining layer separating the two aquifers. Under the steady-state condition, all storage terms are set to zero. Utilization of the head-controlled flux condition allows head and flow to vary at the model-grid boundaries. Procedures are described to calibrate the model, test its sensitivity to input-parameter errors, and verify its accuracy for predictive purposes. Also included are attachments that describe setting up and running the model. An example model-interrogation run shows anticipated drawdowns that should result from pumping at the newly constructed Cross Bar Ranch and Morris Bridge well fields. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81630","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, C.B., Johnson, D.M., and Gerhart, J.M., 1981, Hydrogeology of well-field areas near Tampa, Florida; Phase I, development and documentation of a two-dimensional finite-difference model for simulation of steady-state ground-water flow: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-630, vi, 135 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81630.","productDescription":"vi, 135 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0630/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":275906,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0630/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db6149ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, C. B.","contributorId":94655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Dale M.","contributorId":58273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerhart, James M.","contributorId":35717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerhart","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":9827,"text":"ofr81359 - 1981 - A manual of modified analytical procedures for conventional rock analysis","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9827,"text":"ofr81359 - 1981 - A manual of modified analytical procedures for conventional rock analysis","indexId":"ofr81359","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"A manual of modified analytical procedures for conventional rock analysis"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":34855,"text":"b1547 - 1983 - The classical chemical analysis of silicate rocks; the old and the new","indexId":"b1547","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"The classical chemical analysis of silicate rocks; the old and the new"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":34855,"text":"b1547 - 1983 - The classical chemical analysis of silicate rocks; the old and the new","indexId":"b1547","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"The classical chemical analysis of silicate rocks; the old and the new"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-04T17:25:05.930885","indexId":"ofr81359","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-359","title":"A manual of modified analytical procedures for conventional rock analysis","docAbstract":"<p>This manual was written to establish the most accurate analytical methodology for determining the major constituents in silicate rocks. This report describes modified classical procedures for determining the amount of SiO<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, FeO, CaO, MgO, H<sub>2</sub>O<sup>-</sup>, H<sub>2</sub>O<sup>+</sup>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, MnO, CO<sub>2</sub>, and S in silicate rocks. In the determination of Na<sub>2</sub>O and K<sub>2</sub>O, the flame photometer is used. The flame photometer procedure presented in this manual is as accurate and precise as the classical, yet time-consuming, J. Lawrence Smith procedure for the alkalis. Explanations are presented directly under various steps of the procedures explaining the importance of that particular technique and how it affects the accuracy of the analysis.<br><br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81359","usgsCitation":"Kirschenbaum, H., 1981, A manual of modified analytical procedures for conventional rock analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-359, v, 78p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81359.","productDescription":"v, 78p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0359/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":409165,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0359/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae1eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirschenbaum, Herbert","contributorId":46090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirschenbaum","given":"Herbert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9819,"text":"ofr8153 - 1981 - Sediment transport and effective discharge of the North Platte, South Platte, and Platte Rivers in Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:17","indexId":"ofr8153","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-53","title":"Sediment transport and effective discharge of the North Platte, South Platte, and Platte Rivers in Nebraska","docAbstract":"Sediment discharge was computed for four locations along the North Platte, South Platte, and the Platte Rivers between North Platte and Grand Island, Nebraska in order to determine the effective discharge. The total-sediment discharge was computed by the Colby method and modified Einstein method so that comparisons could be made with the measured total-sediment discharge. The results agreed closely. The Colby method is the simplest and most convenient to use. The mean annual total-sediment discharge for the four sites investigated ranged from 150 tons per day for the South Platte River at North Platte to 1,260 tons per day for the Platte River near Grand Island. The effective discharge at the sites ranged from 41 to 158 cubic meters per second. The probability of the effective discharge being equaled or exceeded ranged from 1 to 30 percent for the four sites. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8153","usgsCitation":"Kircher, J.E., 1981, Sediment transport and effective discharge of the North Platte, South Platte, and Platte Rivers in Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-53, v, 30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8153.","productDescription":"v, 30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0053/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37604,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0053/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbf71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kircher, J. E.","contributorId":11207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kircher","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24449,"text":"ofr81124 - 1981 - A model for creeping flow in landslides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:19","indexId":"ofr81124","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-124","title":"A model for creeping flow in landslides","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81124","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Savage, W.Z., and Chleborad, A., 1981, A model for creeping flow in landslides: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-124, 39 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81124.","productDescription":"39 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0124/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53523,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0124/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, William Z.","contributorId":107686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chleborad, A.F.","contributorId":17990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chleborad","given":"A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53490,"text":"fwsobs81_15 - 1981 - The ecology of intertidal oyster reefs of the South Atlantic Coast: A community profile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-15T14:44:33.438182","indexId":"fwsobs81_15","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"81/15","title":"The ecology of intertidal oyster reefs of the South Atlantic Coast: A community profile","docAbstract":"The functional role of the intertidal oyster reef community in the southeastern Atlantic coastal zone is described. This description is based on a compilation of published data, as well as some unpublished information presented as hypotheses.\r\n\r\nThe profile is organized in a hierarchical manner, such that relevant details of reef oyster biology (autecology) are presented, followed by a description of the reef community level of organization. Then the reef community is described as a subsystem of the coastal marsh-ecosystem (synecoloqy). This information is also synthesized in a series of nested conceptual models of oyster reefs at the regional level, the drainage basin level, and the individual reef level. The final chapter includes a summary overview and a section on management implications and guidelines.\r\n\r\n\r\nIntertidal oyster reefs are relatively persistent features of the salt marsh estuarine ecosystem in the southeastern Atlantic coastal zone. The average areal extent of the oyster reef subsystem in this larger ecosystem is relatively small (about 0.05%). This proportion does not reflect, however, the functional importance of the reef subsystem in stablizing the marsh, providing food for estuarine consumers, mineralizing organic matter, and providing firm substrates in this otherwise soft environment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Bahr, L., and Lanier, W.P., 1981, The ecology of intertidal oyster reefs of the South Atlantic Coast: A community profile: FWS/OBS 81/15, x, 105 p.","productDescription":"x, 105 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f6c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bahr, Leonard M.","contributorId":46603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahr","given":"Leonard M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanier, William P.","contributorId":73672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanier","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":7975,"text":"ofr81425 - 1981 - Digital-model simulation of the Toppenish alluvial aquifer, Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-10T13:22:01","indexId":"ofr81425","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-425","title":"Digital-model simulation of the Toppenish alluvial aquifer, Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>Increasing demands for irrigating additional lands and proposals to divert water from the Yakima River by water users downstream from the Yakima Indian Reservation have made an accounting of water availability important for present-day water management in the Toppenish Creek basin. A digital model was constructed and calibrated for the Toppenish alluvial aquifer to help fulfill this need. The average difference between observed and model-calculated aquifer heads was about 4 feet. Results of model analysis show that the net gain from the Yakima River to the aquifer is 90 cubic feet per second, and the net loss from the aquifer to Toppenish Creek is 137 cubic feet per second. Water-level declines of about 5 feet were calculated for an area near Toppenish in response to a hypothetical tenfold increase in 1974 pumping rates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81425","usgsCitation":"Bolke, E., and Skrivan, J.A., 1981, Digital-model simulation of the Toppenish alluvial aquifer, Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-425, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81425.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":363670,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0425/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0425/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakima Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.73013305664062,\n              46.292866664344295\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.11215209960938,\n              46.292866664344295\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.11215209960938,\n              46.57774276255591\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.73013305664062,\n              46.57774276255591\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.73013305664062,\n              46.292866664344295\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64acfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolke, E.L.","contributorId":52151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolke","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skrivan, James A.","contributorId":106869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skrivan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":7748,"text":"ofr81646 - 1981 - Supplement to predictive modeling of effects of the planned Kindred Lake on ground-water levels and discharge, southeastern North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-23T11:59:57","indexId":"ofr81646","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-646","title":"Supplement to predictive modeling of effects of the planned Kindred Lake on ground-water levels and discharge, southeastern North Dakota","docAbstract":"A digital model was used to describe a ground-water system in glacial deltaic deposits near Kindred, N.D., and to predict the effects on ground-water levels of a planned lake at the 950-, 960-, 970-, 984-, and 995-foot stages. Model analysis indicates that only the area within a radius of about 2 miles of the dam on the present Sheyenne River would be affected by rising water levels as a result of a lake stage at 995 feet. The rise of water levels depends on time and hydraulic properties of the aquifer. The maximum projected rise in water levels at the various stages should occur in about 50 to 100 years. Evapotranspiration and existing drains will be effective in limiting the extent of water-level rise. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81646","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, C.A., 1981, Supplement to predictive modeling of effects of the planned Kindred Lake on ground-water levels and discharge, southeastern North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-646, iv, 19 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81646.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":35218,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0646/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0646/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35213,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0646/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":35214,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0646/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":35215,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0646/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":35216,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0646/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":35217,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0646/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6985e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, C. A.","contributorId":66231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9487,"text":"ofr81272 - 1981 - Composition of tidal flat sediments, Willapa Bay, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T19:12:41.975578","indexId":"ofr81272","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-272","title":"Composition of tidal flat sediments, Willapa Bay, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this study was to characterize the modern sediments of sandy tidal flats in Willapa Bay, Washington based on their composition.</p><p>Generally, clay comprises less than five percent of the sediment. Clay content increases upslope and up-estuary. Principal clay minerals are montmorillanite, illite, and chlorite; two clay mineral suites are present: (1) muddy flat suite with clay containing 44% montmorillonite, and (2) sandy flat suite with clay composition of 88% montmorillonite.</p><p>Heavy minerals make up approximately four percent of the tidal flat sediment. Distribution of heavy minerals reflect their source with (1) heavy minerals most abundant near the beach on flats to the north where they were eroded out of terrace deposits, and (2) relatively greater heavy mineral concentrations (supplied by the Naselle River) across the entire flat to the south. The composition of the heavy mineral suite is mainly clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, hornblende, epidote, and opaque minerals. This mineral suite represents several sources including rivers, ocean and ocean beaches, and reworked local Tertiary and Quaternary deposits.</p><p>Tidal flat sediments are approximately 90% light minerals, mostly quartz. The light fraction also contains small quantities of lithic fragments, pumice, vegetation, and biogenic shell fragments. Tertiary and Quaternary terrace deposits are the major source of most of the light material.</p><p>Fossils make up less than one percent of the bottom sediment. Two foram assemblages are present: (1) a modern shallow-water assemblage characterized by Trochammina inflata, found mainly in muddy flats near rivers, and (2) a relic deep-water assemblage (Eocene to Cretaceous) characterized by such species as Bathysiphon and Cyclammina found predominantly on the sandy flats. Macrofossils consists of shells of the modern tidal flat mollusc assemblage.</p><p>Organic sediments were mostly carbon (1%). The highest concentrations of organic carbon are associated with muddy sediments near the Palix River and Pickernell Creek; overall, organic carbon concentration increased up-estuary. C/N ratios are transitional between open marine environments and marsh deposits of estuaries.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81272","usgsCitation":"Hill, G.W., and Chinn, J.L., 1981, Composition of tidal flat sediments, Willapa Bay, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-272, iii, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81272.","productDescription":"iii, 49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408910,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0272/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0272/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Willapa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.178466796875,\n              46.31658418182218\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.67309570312499,\n              46.31658418182218\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.67309570312499,\n              46.77184961467733\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.178466796875,\n              46.77184961467733\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.178466796875,\n              46.31658418182218\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8102","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Gary W.","contributorId":56627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chinn, John L.","contributorId":97497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chinn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":159775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31076,"text":"ofr81408 - 1981 - Preliminary water-quality assessment of the upper White River near Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-09T15:40:32.483931","indexId":"ofr81408","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-408","title":"Preliminary water-quality assessment of the upper White River near Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>The White River Park Commission is planning the development of park facilities along the White River through Indianapolis. A key element in the planning is the determination of whether water quality of the river is suitable for recreation. A preliminary water-quality assessment of the river in Indianapolis on August 4-5, 1980, indicates that, during low-flow steady-state conditions, water quality of the river is suitable for partial body contact recreation (any contact with water up to, but not including, complete submergence). Dissolved-oxygen concentrations varied but were higher than the Indiana water-quality standards established to ensure conditions for the maintenance of a well-balanced, warm-water fish community. High fecal-coliform densities that have been observed in the White River during high stream-flow are probably caused by stormwater runoff from combined sewers. However, during the low-flow steady-state conditions on August 4-5, 1980, fecal coliform densities were within the Indiana standards for partial body contact recreation. Concentrations of organic matter (based on biochemical-oxygen demand and dissolved- and suspended-organic carbon concentrations), nutrients, and heavy metals in the White River were generally within the limits recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and were generally similar to values for other Indiana rivers. Chromium, copper, lead, zinc, and mercury are accumulating in bottom materials downstream from 30th Street (river mile 235.58). The source of these metals is probably stormwater runoff from combined sewer overflows. The phytoplankton densities of the White River were high (&gt;500 cells per milliliter). The dominant phytoplankton species are indicative of rivers moderately affected by organic wastes. The highest cell concentrations, upstream from dams on the White River, significantly affected dissolved-oxygen concentration and pH.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81408","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the White River Park Commission","usgsCitation":"Wangsness, D.J., Eikenberry, S.E., Wilber, W.G., and Crawford, C.G., 1981, Preliminary water-quality assessment of the upper White River near Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-408, vii, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81408.","productDescription":"vii, 50 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405024,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0408/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0408/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Marion County","city":"Indianapolis","otherGeospatial":"upper White River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.41845703124999,\n              39.61838363831915\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.88836669921874,\n              39.61838363831915\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.88836669921874,\n              39.9476478239225\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.41845703124999,\n              39.9476478239225\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.41845703124999,\n              39.61838363831915\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669282","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wangsness, David J.","contributorId":81475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wangsness","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eikenberry, Stephen E.","contributorId":35309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eikenberry","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilber, William G. wgwilber@usgs.gov","contributorId":297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilber","given":"William","email":"wgwilber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":204847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":31054,"text":"ofr81270 - 1981 - Seismic refraction studies of the Imperial Valley region, California— Profile models, a traveltime contour map, and a gravity model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-09T21:32:50.831148","indexId":"ofr81270","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-270","title":"Seismic refraction studies of the Imperial Valley region, California— Profile models, a traveltime contour map, and a gravity model","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81270","usgsCitation":"Fuis, G.S., Mooney, W.D., Healy, J.H., McMechan, G.A., and Lutter, W.J., 1981, Seismic refraction studies of the Imperial Valley region, California— Profile models, a traveltime contour map, and a gravity model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-270, iii, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81270.","productDescription":"iii, 83 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392700,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11996.htm"},{"id":59610,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0270/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":164070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0270/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"25000","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Imperial Valley region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.25732421875,\n              32.676372772089834\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.41162109375,\n              32.676372772089834\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.41162109375,\n              33.37641235124676\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.25732421875,\n              33.37641235124676\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.25732421875,\n              32.676372772089834\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb665","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuis, Gary S. 0000-0002-3078-1544 fuis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1544","contributorId":2639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"Gary","email":"fuis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, W. D.","contributorId":72376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Healy, J. H.","contributorId":48968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McMechan, G. A.","contributorId":54647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMechan","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lutter, W. J.","contributorId":90361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutter","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":27307,"text":"wri8143 - 1981 - Saline ground-water discharge to the Smoky Hill River between Salina and Abilene, central Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-08T14:03:37","indexId":"wri8143","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-43","title":"Saline ground-water discharge to the Smoky Hill River between Salina and Abilene, central Kansas","docAbstract":"<p>Saline water discharges from the alluvial aquifer into the Smoky Hill and Solomon Rivers between New Cambria and Sand Springs, Kansas. During relatively stable base flow in 1976-77, the discharge was about 32 cubic feet per second. Chloride concentrations at base flow increased about 800 milligrams per liter in the Smoky Hill River and 550 milligrams per liter in the Solomon River.</p><p>The source of the saline water is the underlying Wellington aquifer, a zone of dissolution, subsidence, and collapse along the eastern margin of the Wellington Formation. Locally, brine from the aquifer moves upward through collapse structures in the confining layer at the base of the alluvium. The brine discharge ranges from 0.3 to 0.8 cubic foot per second, and the chloride load ranges from 150 to 370 tons per day.</p><p>Results from a mathematical model of the fl ow system indicated that recharge from periodic flooding, as in 1973, was sufficient to reverse the normal (197677) hydraulic gradient between aquifers. Although brine discharge was temporarily reduced, saline-water discharge to the rivers increased.</p><p>The discharge of brine could be intercepted by pumping wells completed in the Wellington aquifer to lower the potentiometric head and reduce upward flow. The intercepted brine could be discharged into formations underlying the area at depth or piped to a storage reservoir from which the brine would be evaporated or released to the rivers during peak flows. Also, the freshwater in upstream base flow could be diverted by canal, and the saline-water discharge could be retained by low-head dams in the river channel for release during peak flows.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8143","usgsCitation":"Gillespie, J.B., and Hargadine, G.D., 1981, Saline ground-water discharge to the Smoky Hill River between Salina and Abilene, central Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-43, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8143.","productDescription":"71 p.","numberOfPages":"75","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356337,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0043/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0043/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","city":"Abilene, Salina","otherGeospatial":"Smoky Hill River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.64305114746094,\n              38.66889221556877\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.086181640625,\n              38.66889221556877\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.086181640625,\n              39.02825225286664\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.64305114746094,\n              39.02825225286664\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.64305114746094,\n              38.66889221556877\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe07c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillespie, Joe B.","contributorId":21194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillespie","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hargadine, Gerald D.","contributorId":27499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hargadine","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":7665,"text":"ofr8146 - 1981 - Scanning electron micrographs of modern and late Holocene chrysomonad cysts from Harden Lake Meadow, Yosemite National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:08","indexId":"ofr8146","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-46","title":"Scanning electron micrographs of modern and late Holocene chrysomonad cysts from Harden Lake Meadow, Yosemite National Park, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8146","usgsCitation":"Adam, D.P., 1981, Scanning electron micrographs of modern and late Holocene chrysomonad cysts from Harden Lake Meadow, Yosemite National Park, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-46, 30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8146.","productDescription":"30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0046/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35140,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fda12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adam, David P.","contributorId":36132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adam","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":7249,"text":"ofr81815 - 1981 - Hydrology of Area 7, Eastern Coal Province, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:49","indexId":"ofr81815","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-815","title":"Hydrology of Area 7, Eastern Coal Province, Ohio","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey established 24 study areas in Eastern Appalachian Coal Province to appraise the hydrology and water resources from Alabama to Pennsylvania. Chemical, physical, biological, and streamflow data were collected from 138 synoptic sites in Area 7, eastern Ohio. The data are evaluated and presented in this report. Area 7 lies within the drainage basins of Muskingum Rivers and Duck and Willis Creeks in eastern Ohio. Walhounding, Tuscarawas, and Little Muskingum, and Muskingum Rivers and Wills and Duck Creeks are the major streams draining the study area.\r\n\r\nIn Ohio, surface and subsurface coal mining has altered the environment. In areas where land has been reclaimed, the environmental stress expected to be temporary. Hydrologic problems related to coal mining are erosion and sedimentation which degrade water-quality. Based on available sediment data, suspended sediment concentration were highest in abandoned mine areas, followed by currently mined and reclaimed areas, and lowest in unmined areas.\r\n\r\nLow pH, high specific conductance, high concentrations of iron, sulfate and manganese, increased sediment yields, discoloration of streambeds, limited aquatic vegetation and animal life typify streams draining areas with abandoned mines. In abandoned mine areas, the specific conductance of water ranged from 800 to 2,300 micromhos; pH ranged from 2.8 to 5.8; dissolved-iron concentrations ranged from 1,000 to 85,000 micrograms per liter; dissolved-sulfate concentrations ranged from 14 to 1,200 milligrams per liter and dissolved-manganese concentration commonly exceeded 2,000 micrograms per liter. Red and yellow coloration on the streambeds were precipitates from the hydrolysis of iron, manganese, and sulfate minerals carried into the stream channel by increased sediment erosion from abandoned coal mines. Trace metal concentrations (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc) were generally low. Degradation of fish habitat is illustrated by conceptual model of the aquatic biology related to water chemistry.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81815","usgsCitation":"Engelke, M.J., Roth, D., and and others, 1981, Hydrology of Area 7, Eastern Coal Province, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-815, v, 60 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81815.","productDescription":"v, 60 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":94764,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0815/report.pdf","size":"21723","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0815/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e780","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engelke, Morris J. Jr.","contributorId":100379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engelke","given":"Morris","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roth, D.K.","contributorId":60275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"and others","contributorId":127886,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"and others","id":528824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":6433,"text":"pp1143 - 1981 - The sorting and deposition of allochthonous plant material in a modern environment at Silwood Lake, Silwood Park, Berkshire, England","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":40469,"text":"ofr79124 - 1979 - Coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Rock Springs Quadrangle, Sweetwater County, Wyoming","indexId":"ofr79124","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Rock Springs Quadrangle, Sweetwater County, Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6433,"text":"pp1143 - 1981 - The sorting and deposition of allochthonous plant material in a modern environment at Silwood Lake, Silwood Park, Berkshire, England","indexId":"pp1143","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"The sorting and deposition of allochthonous plant material in a modern environment at Silwood Lake, Silwood Park, Berkshire, England"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:55","indexId":"pp1143","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1143","title":"The sorting and deposition of allochthonous plant material in a modern environment at Silwood Lake, Silwood Park, Berkshire, England","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off. :\r\nfor sale by the Supt. of Docs.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1143","usgsCitation":"Spicer, R.A., 1981, The sorting and deposition of allochthonous plant material in a modern environment at Silwood Lake, Silwood Park, Berkshire, England: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1143, 77 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1143.","productDescription":"77 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1143/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33844,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1143/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636463","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spicer, Robert A.","contributorId":80681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":8532,"text":"ofr81919 - 1981 - Ground-water quality in the vicinity of landfill sites, southern Franklin County, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:18","indexId":"ofr81919","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-919","title":"Ground-water quality in the vicinity of landfill sites, southern Franklin County, Ohio","docAbstract":"The hydrogeology and ground-water quality in the vicinity of five landfills in southern Franklin County, Ohio, were investigated by use of data obtained from 46 existing wells, 1 seep, 1 surface-water site, and 1 leachate-collection site. Interpretation was based on data from the wells, a potentiometric-surface map, and chemical analyses. Four of the five landfills are in abandoned sand and gravel pits. Pumping of water from a quarry near the landfills has modified the local ground-water flow pattern, increased the hydraulic gradient, and lowered the water table. Ground water unaffected by the landfills is a hard, calcium bicarbonate type with concentrations of dissolved iron and dissolved sulfate as great as 3.0 milligrams per liter and 200 milligrams per liter, respectively. Water sampled from wells downgradient from two landfills shows an increase in sodium, chloride, and other constituents. The change in water quality cannot be traced directly to the landfills, however, because of well location and the presence of other potential sources of contamination. Chemical analysis of leachate from a collection unit at one landfill shows significant amounts of zinc, chromium, copper, and nickel, in addition to high total organic carbon, biochemical oxygen demand, and organic nitrogen. Concentrations of chloride, iron, lead, manganese and phenolic compounds exceed Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Water Quality Standards for drinking water. Water from unaffected wells within the study area have relatively small amounts of these constituents. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81919","usgsCitation":"De Roche, J., and Razem, A., 1981, Ground-water quality in the vicinity of landfill sites, southern Franklin County, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-919, iv, 19 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81919.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0919/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36111,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0919/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6671ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Roche, J.T.","contributorId":66691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Roche","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Razem, A. C.","contributorId":34924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Razem","given":"A. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":11397,"text":"ofr811119 - 1981 - Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu, with a section on flow hydraulics in dike tunnels in Hawaii","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":11397,"text":"ofr811119 - 1981 - Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu, with a section on flow hydraulics in dike tunnels in Hawaii","indexId":"ofr811119","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu, with a section on flow hydraulics in dike tunnels in Hawaii"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2788,"text":"wsp2217 - 1985 - Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu","indexId":"wsp2217","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2788,"text":"wsp2217 - 1985 - Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu","indexId":"wsp2217","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-31T19:13:36.651229","indexId":"ofr811119","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1119","title":"Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu, with a section on flow hydraulics in dike tunnels in Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>Ground-water reservoirs impounded by volcanic dikes receive a substantial part of the total recharge to ground water on the island of Oahu because they generally underlie the rainiest areas. They accumulate the infiltration from rainfall, store it temporarily, and steadily leak it to abutting basal reservoirs or to streams cutting into them. The dike reservoirs have high hydraulic heads and are mostly isolated from saline water.</p><p>The most important and productive of the dike-impounded reservoirs occur in an area of about 135 square miles in the main fissure zone of the Koolau volcano where the top of the dike-impounded water reaches an altitude of at least 1,000 feet. Water is impounded and stored both above and below sea level. The water stored above sea level in the area of about 135 square miles has been roughly estimated at 560 billion gallons by using a mean water level of 400 feet and a mean specific yield of 0.05. In comparison, the water stored above sea level in reservoirs with a mean water level of 300 feet and mean specific yield of 0.03 underlying a dike-intruded area of about 53 square miles in the Waianae Range has been roughly estimated at 100 billion gallons. Storage below sea level is indeterminable, owing to uncertainties in the ability of the rock to store water resulting from increasing dike density and decreasing porosity.</p><p>Total leakage from storage in the WaLanae Range has not been estimated because underflow is difficult to determine. Much of the surface leakage, about 4 Mgal/d in the upper parts of Waianae, Makaha, and Lualualei Valleys, has been diverted by tunnels. Hence, supplies available, other than surface leakage, cannot be estimated from the discharge end of the hydrologic cycle. Infiltration in the Waianae Range to dike-intruded reservoirs in the upper part of the valleys on the west (leeward) side has been estimated at about 20 Mgal/d, and on the east (windward) side, at about 10 Mgal/d. The available supply has been estimated at about 15 Mgal/d from the infiltration on the leeward side, of which about 4 Mgal/d is now being developed. No estimate has been made for the available supply on the windward side. Dike-intruded reservoirs at shallow depths west (lee side) of the crest are in upper Makaha, Waianae, and Lualualei Valleys. They are at moderate depths in upper Haleanu and in lower Kaukonahua Gulches on the east (windward) side.</p><p>Flow hydraulics in dike tunnels is also discussed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr811119","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Board of Water Supply, City and County of Honolulu, Hawaii","usgsCitation":"Takasaki, K.J., and Mink, J., 1981, Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu, with a section on flow hydraulics in dike tunnels in Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1119, Report: xi, 139 p.; 4 Plates: 24.35 x 19.31 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811119.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 139 p.; 4 Plates: 24.35 x 19.31 inches or 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,{"id":60603,"text":"mf1161B - 1981 - Interpretation of an aerial radiometric survey of the San Gorgonio Wilderness Area and vicinity, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T08:34:26","indexId":"mf1161B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1161","chapter":"B","title":"Interpretation of an aerial radiometric survey of the San Gorgonio Wilderness Area and vicinity, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"<p>The aerial radiometric data for the San Gorgonio Wilderness Area show slight correlation with mapped geology and contain no information of economic significance. Precambrian and modified Precambrian crystalline rocks have more eTh compared to Mesozoic plutonic rocks and one rock unit mapped as a pluton has slightly more K. These rocks have essentially uniform ratios of eU/eTh and eU/K despite their different origins. The ratios and also show that part of the granodiorite of Manzanita Springs could be somewhat deficient in eTh and K. It is concluded that the mapped radioelement distributions are within reasonable limits for the rock types involved, and there is no immediate evidence on any anomalous concentrations of radioactive minerals within the Wilderness Area.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Gelogical Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1161B","isbn":"0607806494","usgsCitation":"Pitkin, J.A., and Duval, J.S., 1981, Interpretation of an aerial radiometric survey of the San Gorgonio Wilderness Area and vicinity, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1161, 43.40 x 35.02 in and 43.95 x 33.51 in, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1161B.","productDescription":"43.40 x 35.02 in and 43.95 x 33.51 in","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1161B.PNG"},{"id":327395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1161-B/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":327396,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1161-B/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Bernardino","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117,34.0175 ], [ -117,34.18388888888889 ], [ -116.66666666666667,34.18388888888889 ], [ -116.66666666666667,34.0175 ], [ -117,34.0175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e0587","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pitkin, James A.","contributorId":96651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitkin","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duval, Joseph S.","contributorId":22314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duval","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":11515,"text":"ofr811188 - 1981 - A stochastic streamflow model of the Platte River at Overton, Odessa, and Grand Island, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:49","indexId":"ofr811188","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1188","title":"A stochastic streamflow model of the Platte River at Overton, Odessa, and Grand Island, Nebraska","docAbstract":"A stochastic model is developed to simulate flows for three seasons (September through February, March and April, May through August) at Overton, Odessa, and Grand Island, Nebraska on the Platte River. The model preserves the first and second order moment properties of the historical flow series, including significant autocorrelations within each station and cross-correlations between the stations. Higher order moments are preserved by a transformation technique that allows the residuals from the model to be approximately normal. An algorithm is given for simulation of combined-stations flows, and some simulations are carried out to determine the likelihood of specified flow shortages that could be detrimental to the wildlife habitat in the reach of the Platte River between Overton and Grand Island. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr811188","usgsCitation":"Vecchia, A., 1981, A stochastic streamflow model of the Platte River at Overton, Odessa, and Grand Island, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1188, v, 47 p., ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811188.","productDescription":"v, 47 p., ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1188/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39378,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1188/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a629e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vecchia, A.V. Jr.","contributorId":61438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"A.V.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":59693,"text":"mf1299 - 1981 - Map showing geothermal resources of the Lake City-Surprise Valley Known Geothermal Resource Area, Modoc County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T13:01:48","indexId":"mf1299","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1299","title":"Map showing geothermal resources of the Lake City-Surprise Valley Known Geothermal Resource Area, Modoc County, California","docAbstract":"<p>This report summarizes geothermal data from published and unpublished geophysical, geochemical, and geologic reports on Surprise Valley that have been prepared during the past 26 years.&nbsp; Particular emphasis is placed on a comprehensive structural interpretation of the west half of the valley that is based on map compilation of concealed faults that have been inferred from geophysical methods and exposed faults that can be seen in the field and (or) on aerial photographs.&nbsp; The faults apparently control the location of modern geothermal activity and are thus important to geothermal exploration.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1299","usgsCitation":"1981, Map showing geothermal resources of the Lake City-Surprise Valley Known Geothermal Resource Area, Modoc County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1299, 48.93 x 39.92 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1299.","productDescription":"48.93 x 39.92 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":358617,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1299/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":185108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1299/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Modoc County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.25,41.1175 ], [ -120.25,42 ], [ -120,42 ], [ -120,41.1175 ], [ -120.25,41.1175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b14c6","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Hedel, Charles W.","contributorId":32550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedel","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742027,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":48689,"text":"ofr81269 - 1981 - Development of a quantitative model of stress in a seismic region as a basis for earthquake prediction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:44","indexId":"ofr81269","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-269","title":"Development of a quantitative model of stress in a seismic region as a basis for earthquake prediction","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr81269","usgsCitation":"Aki, K., and Ikeda, K., 1981, Development of a quantitative model of stress in a seismic region as a basis for earthquake prediction: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-269, [2], 26, 95 p., 3 leaves of plates : ill. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81269.","productDescription":"[2], 26, 95 p., 3 leaves of plates : ill. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0269/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":85497,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0269/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6603b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aki, Keiiti","contributorId":88790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aki","given":"Keiiti","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ikeda, Keiichiro","contributorId":85831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikeda","given":"Keiichiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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