Seven test holes drilled in the Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands indicate that the thickness of surficial materials along a north-south traverse parallel to Minnesota Highway 72 ranges from 163 feet near Blackduck, Minnesota to 57 feet about 3 miles south of Upper Red Lake. Lenses of sand and gravel occur immediately above bedrock on the Itasca moraine and are interbedded with lake clay and till under the peatlands. Vertical head gradients measured in a piezometer nest near Blackduck on the moraine are downward, indicative of recharge to the regional ground-water-flow system. Vertical head gradients are upward in a piezometer nest on a sand beach ridge in the peatlands 12 miles north of Upper Red Lake. Numerical sectional models indicate that this discharge probably comes from local flow systems recharged from ground-water mounds located under large raised bogs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri8124","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Minerals","usgsCitation":"Siegel, D., 1981, Hydrogeologic setting of the Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands, northern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-24, iii, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8124.","productDescription":"iii, 30 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95779,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0024/report.pdf","size":"2564","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0024/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6278c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siegel, Donald I.","contributorId":97499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"Donald I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27307,"text":"wri8143 - 1981 - Saline ground-water discharge to the Smoky Hill River between Salina and Abilene, central Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-08T14:03:37","indexId":"wri8143","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-43","title":"Saline ground-water discharge to the Smoky Hill River between Salina and Abilene, central Kansas","docAbstract":"Saline water discharges from the alluvial aquifer into the Smoky Hill and Solomon Rivers between New Cambria and Sand Springs, Kansas. During relatively stable base flow in 1976-77, the discharge was about 32 cubic feet per second. Chloride concentrations at base flow increased about 800 milligrams per liter in the Smoky Hill River and 550 milligrams per liter in the Solomon River.
The source of the saline water is the underlying Wellington aquifer, a zone of dissolution, subsidence, and collapse along the eastern margin of the Wellington Formation. Locally, brine from the aquifer moves upward through collapse structures in the confining layer at the base of the alluvium. The brine discharge ranges from 0.3 to 0.8 cubic foot per second, and the chloride load ranges from 150 to 370 tons per day.
Results from a mathematical model of the fl ow system indicated that recharge from periodic flooding, as in 1973, was sufficient to reverse the normal (197677) hydraulic gradient between aquifers. Although brine discharge was temporarily reduced, saline-water discharge to the rivers increased.
The discharge of brine could be intercepted by pumping wells completed in the Wellington aquifer to lower the potentiometric head and reduce upward flow. The intercepted brine could be discharged into formations underlying the area at depth or piped to a storage reservoir from which the brine would be evaporated or released to the rivers during peak flows. Also, the freshwater in upstream base flow could be diverted by canal, and the saline-water discharge could be retained by low-head dams in the river channel for release during peak flows.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8143","usgsCitation":"Gillespie, J.B., and Hargadine, G.D., 1981, Saline ground-water discharge to the Smoky Hill River between Salina and Abilene, central Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-43, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8143.","productDescription":"71 p.","numberOfPages":"75","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356337,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0043/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0043/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","city":"Abilene, Salina","otherGeospatial":"Smoky Hill River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.64305114746094,\n 38.66889221556877\n ],\n [\n -97.086181640625,\n 38.66889221556877\n ],\n [\n -97.086181640625,\n 39.02825225286664\n ],\n [\n -97.64305114746094,\n 39.02825225286664\n ],\n [\n -97.64305114746094,\n 38.66889221556877\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe07c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillespie, Joe B.","contributorId":21194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillespie","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hargadine, Gerald D.","contributorId":27499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hargadine","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":48674,"text":"ofr81174 - 1981 - Seismic-reflection and sidescan-sonar data collected on the Potomac River, Maryland and Virginia, during May 1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-18T14:46:06","indexId":"ofr81174","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-174","title":"Seismic-reflection and sidescan-sonar data collected on the Potomac River, Maryland and Virginia, during May 1979","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey collected 2,170 line kilometers of single-channel seismic-reflection profiles and sidescan sonar records on the Potomac River during R/V NEECHO cruise NE-3-79 in May 1979. The purposes of the survey were to define: (1) areas of sediment accumulation and erosion; (2) the thickness of Holocene sediments; (3) the internal structure of the near-surface sediments; (4) the types of bottom topography; and (5) the general geologic framework of the tidal river and estuary.
The survey utilized a variety of acoustic systems. Bottom data were obtained by using a Raytheon _1/ model DE-719 fathometer (200 kHz) and an EDO Western model 606 sidescan-sonar system (100 kHz). Subbottom data were collected with a 7-kHz Raytheon model PTR-106 system and a small airgun system (170-645 Hz band pass; l in3 chamber). An EDO Western sidescan fish (model 604-150) coupled with a 2.5-kHz seismic-reflection system also was used during the longitudinal run up the river. The totals for the ,various kinds of data collected were 481 line kilometers each of fathometer, sidescan sonar, 7-kHz, and airgun records, and 246 line kilometers of 2.5-kHz records. Positional control for all tracklines was provided by frequent radar fixes, by dead reckoning, and by sightings on buoys, landmarks, and other navigational aids.
The quality of the acoustic records varied with location in the river. Good fathometer and sidescan-sonar records were collected along all tracklines. However, because of the nature of the sediments within some sections of the river, the degree of subbottom penetration in many places was limited. In general, the subbottom penetration and resolution were poor in the upper and middle reaches of the river, whereas the subbottom records from the lower reach usually were quite good.
The original records may be examined at the U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543. Microfilm copies of the data are available for purchase from the National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center (NGSDC), Boulder, CO 80303.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr81174","usgsCitation":"Knebel, H.J., 1981, Seismic-reflection and sidescan-sonar data collected on the Potomac River, Maryland and Virginia, during May 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-174, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81174.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","temporalStart":"1979-05-14","temporalEnd":"1979-05-30","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":171374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293113,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0174/ofr1981174.pdf","text":"Report","size":"217 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1981-174"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl;Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.399,37.8907 ], [ -77.399,39.0 ], [ -76.2379,39.0 ], [ -76.2379,37.8907 ], [ -77.399,37.8907 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA 02543
The Kenai River system is the most important freshwater fishery in Alaska. The flow regime is characterized by high summer flow of glacial meltwater and periodic flooding caused by sudden releases of glacier-dammed lakes in the headwaters. Throughout most of its 50-mile course across the Kenai Peninsula Lowlands to Cook Inlet, the river meanders within coarse bed material with a median diameter typically in the range of 40-60 millimeters. Every nontidal section of the stream is a known or potential salmon-spawning site.
The stream is underfit, a condition attributed to regional glacial recession and hypothesized drainage changes, and locally is entrenched in response to geologically recent changes in base level. The coarseness of the bed material is explained by these characteristics, combined with the reservoir-like effects of two large moraine impounded lakes, Kenai and Skilak Lakes, that formed as lowland glaciers receded. Throughout the central section of the river the channel is effectively armored, a condition that may have important long-term implications for the ability of this section of channel to support the spawning and rearing of salmon.
The 3.8 river miles of channel below Skilak Lake contain submersed, crescentic gravel dunes with lengths in excess of 500 ft and heights of more than 15 ft. Such bed forms are highly unusual in streams with coarse bed material. The dunes were entirely stable from 1950 to at least 1977, so much so that small details of shape were unmodified by a major glacial-outburst flood in 1974. The features are the product of a flood greatly in excess of any recorded discharge.
The entrenched section of the channel has been stable since at least 1950-195, only negligible amounts of bank erosion are indicated by sequential aerial photos. Bank erosion is active both upstream and downstream from the entrenched channel, however, and erosion rates in those reaches are locally comparable to rates in streams of similar size. Although erosion rates have been generally constant since 1950-1951, evidence suggests a possible recent decrease in bank stability and an increase in erosion that could be related to changes in river use.
The high sustained flow of summer encourages a variety of recreation-related modifications to the bank and flood plain--canals, groins, boat ramps, slips, embankments, as well as commercial developments. As population and recreation use increase, development can pose a hazard to the productivity of the stream through increased suspended-sediment concentration resulting directly from construction and, with greater potential for long-term impact, indirectly from bank erosion. A short-term hazard, to both stream and developments is the cutoff of meander loops, the risk of which is increased by canals and boat slips cut in the surface layer of cohesive, erosion-resistant sediment on the flood plain within nonentrenched meander loops. A significant long-term hazard is an increase in bank erosion rates resulting from the loss of stabilizing vegetation on the high (up to 70 ft) cutbanks of entrenched and partially entrenched sections of channel. Potential root causes of erosion vegetation loss are river-use practices, meander cutoffs, and groin construction.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81219","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Scott, K.M., 1981, Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-219, vi, 116 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81219.","productDescription":"vi, 116 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408913,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0219/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":171586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0219/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kenai River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.336181640625,\n 59.62332522313024\n ],\n [\n -151.7431640625,\n 59.04620586244391\n ],\n [\n -148.96362304687497,\n 59.87239799228177\n ],\n [\n -147.667236328125,\n 59.65109171169264\n ],\n [\n -147.227783203125,\n 59.99898612060444\n ],\n [\n -149.43603515625,\n 61.554109444927185\n ],\n [\n -150.1611328125,\n 61.601171646037486\n ],\n [\n -151.962890625,\n 60.925093815014655\n ],\n [\n -153.45703125,\n 59.99349233206085\n ],\n [\n -153.336181640625,\n 59.62332522313024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdf81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Kevin M.","contributorId":88331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":238017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26420,"text":"wri80119 - 1981 - Simulated interactions between the proposed Narrows Reservoir and the water-table aquifer along the South Platte River, Morgan County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-27T19:49:04.524036","indexId":"wri80119","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-119","title":"Simulated interactions between the proposed Narrows Reservoir and the water-table aquifer along the South Platte River, Morgan County, Colorado","docAbstract":"A computer model, including a ground-water-flow component and a mass balance reservoir-operations component, was developed to simulate the proposed Narrows Reservoir and the adjacent alluvial aquifer of the South Platte River, Morgan County, Colo. This model, using a weekly time step, simulated the transient interactions of these two systems for an initial-fill condition and general-operational condition. A sensitivity analysis was made to test the effects of possible errors in the description of aquifer characteristics on the model results. The initial-fill simulation indicated that to fill the reservoir when hydraulic connection between the surface-water system and the aquifer is simulated would take 2 additional years than if no connection was assumed. Simulated ground-water return flow to the river downstream of the proposed dam was about 85 percent of the estimated maximum values, computed under steady-state conditions in an earlier study. The general operation simulation indicated that during the period of lowest reservoir contents the aquifer provided about 80,000 acre-feet of recoverable storage to the reservoir 's capacity. Average return flow was only about 70 percent of the estimated maximum values computed in the earlier, steady-state analysis. Monthly ground-water outflow from the reservoir to the aquifer ranged from 55,200 to -10,400 acre-feet. Parameters tested for sensitivity, in order of decreasing sensitivity, were: Hydraulic conductivity, specific yield, hydraulic connection between reservoir and aquifer, local recharge, boundary conditions, and dam permeability. The probable error in the parameters tested would not seem to warrant significant new data collection. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri80119","usgsCitation":"Burns, A.W., 1981, Simulated interactions between the proposed Narrows Reservoir and the water-table aquifer along the South Platte River, Morgan County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-119, v, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri80119.","productDescription":"v, 61 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":382720,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0119/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0119/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Morgan County","otherGeospatial":"Narrows Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 36.96744946416934\n ],\n [\n -101.97509765625,\n 36.96744946416934\n ],\n [\n -101.97509765625,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 36.96744946416934\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f31f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Alan W.","contributorId":41419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27826,"text":"wri8153 - 1981 - Hydrologic and chemical evaluation of the ground-water resources of northwest Elkhart County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-04T18:05:32.65912","indexId":"wri8153","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-53","title":"Hydrologic and chemical evaluation of the ground-water resources of northwest Elkhart County, Indiana","docAbstract":"A 3-year study in northwest Elkhart County, Indiana, was done to (1) de-fine the general flow and quality of water in the outwash aquifer system, (2) determine if a well field proposed for a site at the Elkhart Municipal Airport would draw leachate from the Himco landfill, and (3) define the areal extent of the ground water affected by the landfill and an east-side industrial-park area.
The outwash aquifers are mainly composed of sand and gravel and are separated by a silt and clay bed. The saturated thickness of these deposits averages 175 feet and ranges from 85 to 500 feet. Where present, the silt and clay bed confines the underlying aquifer. The confining bed is absent in the area underlying the landfill and part of the airport. Average hydraulic conductivities of the sand, and the sand and gravel, are 80 and 400 feet per day, respectively. Regional ground-water flow is toward the St. Joseph River.
A quasi-three-dimensional ground-water flow model, calibrated to match measured water levels and river seepages, was used to simulate proposed pumpings in the airport area. Drawdowns for simulated pumpings of 7.5-, 10-, and 20-million gallons per day were small percentages of the saturated thick-nesses of the unconfined aquifer underlying the airport area. Model-simulated streamflow reductions in Christiana Creek for these pumpings were 9, 12, and 23 percent of base flow, respectively. The model-simulated, steady-state water-level maps for the 7.5- and 10-million-gallons-per-day pumping experiments indicated that these pumpings would not draw water from the land-fill area to the pumping center at the airport. The simulated map for the 20-million-gallons-per-day pumping indicated that only a small part of the flow into the pumping center could come from the landfill area.
The general quality of ground water in the study area, defined by analyses of 68 water samples from 35 observation wells, included slightly basic pH (7-8), average hardness greater than 200 milligrams per liter as calcium carbonate, average alkalinity greater than 150 milligrams per liter as calcium carbonate, and, in more than 90 percent of the analyses, a calcium bicarbonate water type.
Eight volatile organic compounds were detected in water from 8 of 19 wells sampled in the industrial-park area. The health-effects advisory limit for chronic exposure to trichloroethylene was exceeded in samples from six of these wells. Areally, the results did not define a plume or a source of the volatile organic compounds.
Concentrations of dissolved solids, bicarbonate, bromide, chloride, sulfate, ammonia, calcium, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium, and dis-solved organic carbon in the leachate were at least five times their back-ground concentrations. Concentrations of bromide and dissolved solids were the best indicators of leachate. Bromide concentrations plotted areally indicated that the landfill was the source of the leachate, the leachate plume extended between 3,100 and 5,600 feet downgradient from the landfill, and the plume had not spread laterally much farther than the original width of the landfill. Bromide and dissolved-solids concentrations plotted in cross section indicated that the leachate plume was sinking as it spread downgradient in the shallow unconfined aquifer and the leachate was present in deep wells under and immediately downgradient from the landfill. All chemical constituents were attenuated within approximately 1 mile downgradient from the landfill.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8153","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Natural Resources and the Elkhart Water Works","usgsCitation":"Imbrigiotta, T., and Martin, A., 1981, Hydrologic and chemical evaluation of the ground-water resources of northwest Elkhart County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-53, ix, 140 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8153.","productDescription":"ix, 140 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380154,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0053/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0053/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Elkhart County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.7874,41.7615],[-85.7591,41.7613],[-85.6606,41.7608],[-85.6589,41.699],[-85.6575,41.6122],[-85.6554,41.5251],[-85.6542,41.4733],[-85.6552,41.4384],[-85.7704,41.4377],[-85.8874,41.4379],[-86.0008,41.4375],[-86.059,41.4367],[-86.0594,41.4644],[-86.0593,41.474],[-86.0593,41.479],[-86.0592,41.4935],[-86.0598,41.4999],[-86.0624,41.7619],[-85.932,41.7623],[-85.7874,41.7615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Elkhart\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6118d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. 0000-0003-1716-4768 timbrig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":2466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"Thomas E.","email":"timbrig@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":198744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Angel Jr.","contributorId":42571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Angel","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30234,"text":"wri819 - 1981 - Polychlorinated biphenyl transport in the Hudson River, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-28T08:00:36","indexId":"wri819","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-9","title":"Polychlorinated biphenyl transport in the Hudson River, New York","docAbstract":"Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) have been entering the Hudson River estuary since 1951. Concentration and loading of PCB 's in the river below Waterford, N.Y., are controlled at present by resuspension of sediments containing these substances; therefore , until the amount of PCB 's in the sediments is significantly lowered, reduction of point-source PCB discharge from the present rate of 0.4 kilograms per day will produce no more than a 10% reduction in loading to the river. Potential concentrations of PCB 's in solution and suspension in the river can be predicted by a simple model for mixing and dilution. From a known range of PCB influent rates, total PCB loading to the Hudson River from above Waterford is shown to be between 2,000 and 12,000 kilograms per year. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, WRD,","doi":"10.3133/wri819","usgsCitation":"Turk, J.T., and Troutman, D.E., 1981, Polychlorinated biphenyl transport in the Hudson River, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-9, iv, 11 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri819.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268534,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0009/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db683108","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turk, John T.","contributorId":53363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, David E.","contributorId":50133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":36638,"text":"fwsobs81_09 - 1981 - Surface mine reclamation for wildlife: a model reclamation plan for southern Appalachia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:57","indexId":"fwsobs81_09","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"81/09","title":"Surface mine reclamation for wildlife: a model reclamation plan for southern Appalachia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Fowler, D.K., and Turner, L.J., 1981, Surface mine reclamation for wildlife: a model reclamation plan for southern Appalachia: FWS/OBS 81/09, viii, 30 p.","productDescription":"viii, 30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":165117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698275","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fowler, Dale K.","contributorId":96738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, Linda J.","contributorId":48610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28010,"text":"wri8170 - 1981 - Two-dimensional ground-water flow model of the Cretaceous aquifer system of Lee County and vicinity, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:38","indexId":"wri8170","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-70","title":"Two-dimensional ground-water flow model of the Cretaceous aquifer system of Lee County and vicinity, Mississippi","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional ground-water flow model of the Eutaw-McShan and Gordo aquifers in the area of Lee County, Miss., was successfully calibrated and verified using data from six long-term observation wells and two intensive studies of areal water levels. The water levels computed by the model were found to be most sensitive to changes in simulated aquifer hydraulic conductivity and to changes in head in the overlying Coffee Sand aquifer. The two-dimensional model performed reasonably well in simulating the aquifer system except possibly in southern Lee County and southward where a clay bed at the top of the Gordo Formation partially isolated the Gordo from the overlying Eutaw-McShan aquifer. The verified model was used to determine theoretical aquifer response to increased ground-water withdrawal to the year 2000. Two estimated rates of increase and five possible well field locations were examined. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri8170","usgsCitation":"Kernodle, J.M., 1981, Two-dimensional ground-water flow model of the Cretaceous aquifer system of Lee County and vicinity, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-70, vi, 53 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8170.","productDescription":"vi, 53 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":56835,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0070/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db6238fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kernodle, John Michael","contributorId":99171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kernodle","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28417,"text":"wri80112 - 1981 - Rainfall-runoff modeling and preliminary regional flood characteristics of small rural watersheds in the Arkansas River basin in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-05T09:52:07","indexId":"wri80112","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-112","title":"Rainfall-runoff modeling and preliminary regional flood characteristics of small rural watersheds in the Arkansas River basin in Colorado","docAbstract":"Both recorded and synthetic rainfall-runoff and annual peak-discharge data for 17 rural watersheds were analyzed to evaluate the magnitude, frequency, and volume of floods in the plains region of the Arkansas River basin in Colorado. Flood-frequency relations from analysis of recorded data were weighted or combined with flood-frequency relations from analysis of synthetic data to provide improved estimates of selected flood characteristics for 15 of these watersheds. The 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year peak discharges were regionalized using multiple-regression and station-year methods. Regression relations were developed to determine peak discharge from effective drainage area (standard error of estimate 30 to 50 percent) and flood volume from peak discharge (standard error of estimate 62 percent) for ungaged basins between 0.5 and 15 square miles in size. Using these two flood characteristics, a dimensionless hydrograph method provides synthetic hydrographs very similar in shape to recorded flood hydrographs. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri80112","usgsCitation":"Livingston, R.K., 1981, Rainfall-runoff modeling and preliminary regional flood characteristics of small rural watersheds in the Arkansas River basin in Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-112, iv, 43 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri80112.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":366185,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0112/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0112/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6495d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Livingston, Russell K.","contributorId":69582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livingston","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28416,"text":"wri8097 - 1981 - Characterization of floodflows along the Arkansas River without regulation by Pueblo Reservoir, Portland to John Martin Reservoir, Southeastern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri8097","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-97","title":"Characterization of floodflows along the Arkansas River without regulation by Pueblo Reservoir, Portland to John Martin Reservoir, Southeastern Colorado","docAbstract":"The need for a method for estimating flow characteristics of flood hydrographs between Portland, Colo., and John Martin Reservoir has been promoted with the construction of the Pueble Reservoir. To meet this need a procedure was developed for predicting floodflow peaks, traveltimes, and volumes at any point along the Arkansas River between Portland and John Martin Reservoir without considering the existing Pueble Reservoir detention effects. A streamflow-routing model was calibrated initially and then typical flood simulations were made for the 164.8-mile study reach. Simulations were completed for varying magnitudes of floods and antecedent streamflow conditions. Multiple regression techniques were then used with simulation results as input to provide predictive relationships for food peak, volume, and traveltime. Management practices that may be used to benefit water users in the area include providing methods for the distribution and allotment of the flood waters upstream of Portland to different downstream water users according to Colorado water law and also under the Arkansas River Compact. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri8097","usgsCitation":"Little, J.R., and Bauer, D.P., 1981, Characterization of floodflows along the Arkansas River without regulation by Pueblo Reservoir, Portland to John Martin Reservoir, Southeastern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-97, v, 36 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8097.","productDescription":"v, 36 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0097/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57219,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0097/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4dd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Little, John R.","contributorId":49369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bauer, Daniel P.","contributorId":24337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30571,"text":"wri814 - 1981 - Hydrogeology of the Buffalo aquifer, Clay and Wilkin Counties, West-Central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:14:35","indexId":"wri814","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-4","title":"Hydrogeology of the Buffalo aquifer, Clay and Wilkin Counties, West-Central Minnesota","docAbstract":"The Buffalo aquifer is the principal source of ground-water supplies in the Moorhead, Minnesota area. The aquifer is an elongate deposit of sand and gravel, which locally contains water under confined conditions. Although the Buffalo aquifer contains about 270 billion gallons of water in storage, only 120 billion gallons could be withdrawn. Largest well yields occur along the deep trough in the center of the aquifer. Induced streambed infiltration may be possible in certain areas where the stream overlies the aquifer and where the intervening lake sediments are thin or absent. A numerical model constructed for aquifer evaluation has shown that a considerable amount of ground water is discharged through the confining bed to the stream or leaves the area as underflow to the west. Water from the Buffalo aquifer generally is very hard and of the calcium bicarbonate type. The average discharge of the Buffalo River for the base period 1946-78 ranges from 0.229 cubic foot per second per square mile near Hawley to 0.108 cubic foot per second per square mile at Sabin. Surface water in the Buffalo River drainage system is dominantly a calcium bicarbonate type similar to ground water of the area, especially at low flow in the upper reaches of the tributaries.
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J.","contributorId":21518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30583,"text":"wri8164 - 1981 - Modeled impacts of surface coal mining on dissolved solids in the Tongue River, southeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-01T11:35:37","indexId":"wri8164","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-64","title":"Modeled impacts of surface coal mining on dissolved solids in the Tongue River, southeastern Montana","docAbstract":"A computer model has been developed for spatial and temporal simulation of streamflow and dissolved solids in the Tongue River from the Tongue River Dam to Miles City, Montana. User-defined plans of surface coal mining and agricultural development permit evaluation of potential changes in dissolved solids resulting from leaching of overburden material used to backfill mine pits and from withdrawal and return flow of irrigation water. Provision is made for simulation runs using increased streamflow from a proposed larger reservoir intended to replace the present Tongue River Reservoir. Simulations at mean streamflow indicated that mining 119,600 acres of federally leased coal tracts may increase by 4.8 percent the present annual dissolved-solids concentration in the Tongue River at Miles City. Simulations using the proposed Tongue River reservoir show substantial reductions in dissolved-solids concentration when paired with similar simulations using the present Tongue River Reservoir. When compared on a per-acre basis for the study area, the dewatering caused by irrigation increases dissolved-solids concentration more than the input of leachates from surface coal-mining operations. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri8164","usgsCitation":"Woods, P.F., 1981, Modeled impacts of surface coal mining on dissolved solids in the Tongue River, southeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-64, v, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8164.","productDescription":"v, 73 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0064/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":368884,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0064/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Tongue River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.92993164062499,\n 44.999767019181284\n ],\n [\n -105.919189453125,\n 44.999767019181284\n ],\n [\n -105.919189453125,\n 46.255846818480315\n ],\n [\n -106.92993164062499,\n 46.255846818480315\n ],\n [\n -106.92993164062499,\n 44.999767019181284\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6999fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woods, Paul F.","contributorId":82273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48689,"text":"ofr81269 - 1981 - Development of a quantitative model of stress in a seismic region as a basis for earthquake prediction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:44","indexId":"ofr81269","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-269","title":"Development of a quantitative model of stress in a seismic region as a basis for earthquake prediction","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr81269","usgsCitation":"Aki, K., and Ikeda, K., 1981, Development of a quantitative model of stress in a seismic region as a basis for earthquake prediction: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-269, [2], 26, 95 p., 3 leaves of plates : ill. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81269.","productDescription":"[2], 26, 95 p., 3 leaves of plates : ill. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0269/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":85497,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0269/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6603b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aki, Keiiti","contributorId":88790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aki","given":"Keiiti","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ikeda, Keiichiro","contributorId":85831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikeda","given":"Keiichiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31076,"text":"ofr81408 - 1981 - Preliminary water-quality assessment of the upper White River near Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-09T15:40:32.483931","indexId":"ofr81408","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-408","title":"Preliminary water-quality assessment of the upper White River near Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana","docAbstract":"The White River Park Commission is planning the development of park facilities along the White River through Indianapolis. A key element in the planning is the determination of whether water quality of the river is suitable for recreation. A preliminary water-quality assessment of the river in Indianapolis on August 4-5, 1980, indicates that, during low-flow steady-state conditions, water quality of the river is suitable for partial body contact recreation (any contact with water up to, but not including, complete submergence). Dissolved-oxygen concentrations varied but were higher than the Indiana water-quality standards established to ensure conditions for the maintenance of a well-balanced, warm-water fish community. High fecal-coliform densities that have been observed in the White River during high stream-flow are probably caused by stormwater runoff from combined sewers. However, during the low-flow steady-state conditions on August 4-5, 1980, fecal coliform densities were within the Indiana standards for partial body contact recreation. Concentrations of organic matter (based on biochemical-oxygen demand and dissolved- and suspended-organic carbon concentrations), nutrients, and heavy metals in the White River were generally within the limits recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and were generally similar to values for other Indiana rivers. Chromium, copper, lead, zinc, and mercury are accumulating in bottom materials downstream from 30th Street (river mile 235.58). The source of these metals is probably stormwater runoff from combined sewer overflows. The phytoplankton densities of the White River were high (>500 cells per milliliter). The dominant phytoplankton species are indicative of rivers moderately affected by organic wastes. The highest cell concentrations, upstream from dams on the White River, significantly affected dissolved-oxygen concentration and pH.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81408","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the White River Park Commission","usgsCitation":"Wangsness, D.J., Eikenberry, S.E., Wilber, W.G., and Crawford, C.G., 1981, Preliminary water-quality assessment of the upper White River near Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-408, vii, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81408.","productDescription":"vii, 50 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405024,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0408/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0408/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Marion County","city":"Indianapolis","otherGeospatial":"upper White River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.41845703124999,\n 39.61838363831915\n ],\n [\n -85.88836669921874,\n 39.61838363831915\n ],\n [\n -85.88836669921874,\n 39.9476478239225\n ],\n [\n -86.41845703124999,\n 39.9476478239225\n ],\n [\n -86.41845703124999,\n 39.61838363831915\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669282","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wangsness, David J.","contributorId":81475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wangsness","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eikenberry, Stephen E.","contributorId":35309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eikenberry","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilber, William G. wgwilber@usgs.gov","contributorId":297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilber","given":"William","email":"wgwilber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":204847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":31054,"text":"ofr81270 - 1981 - Seismic refraction studies of the Imperial Valley region, California— Profile models, a traveltime contour map, and a gravity model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-09T21:32:50.831148","indexId":"ofr81270","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-270","title":"Seismic refraction studies of the Imperial Valley region, California— Profile models, a traveltime contour map, and a gravity model","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81270","usgsCitation":"Fuis, G.S., Mooney, W.D., Healy, J.H., McMechan, G.A., and Lutter, W.J., 1981, Seismic refraction studies of the Imperial Valley region, California— Profile models, a traveltime contour map, and a gravity model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-270, iii, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81270.","productDescription":"iii, 83 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392700,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11996.htm"},{"id":59610,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0270/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":164070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0270/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"25000","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Imperial Valley region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.25732421875,\n 32.676372772089834\n ],\n [\n -114.41162109375,\n 32.676372772089834\n ],\n [\n -114.41162109375,\n 33.37641235124676\n ],\n [\n -116.25732421875,\n 33.37641235124676\n ],\n [\n -116.25732421875,\n 32.676372772089834\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb665","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuis, Gary S. 0000-0002-3078-1544 fuis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1544","contributorId":2639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"Gary","email":"fuis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, W. D.","contributorId":72376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Healy, J. H.","contributorId":48968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McMechan, G. A.","contributorId":54647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMechan","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lutter, W. J.","contributorId":90361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutter","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":28611,"text":"wri8123 - 1981 - Stormwater quality processes for three land-use areas in Broward County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-28T20:04:17.308748","indexId":"wri8123","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-23","title":"Stormwater quality processes for three land-use areas in Broward County, Florida","docAbstract":"Systematic collection of rainfall, runoff, and water-quality samples from three small urban areas of Broward County, Florida, were obtained between 1974 and 1977. Stormwater loads for 30 or more storms were computed for the residential, highway, and commercial investigation areas.
Stepwise, multiple, linear regression models were constructed for total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total carbon, chemical oxygen demand, total residue, lead, and zinc. Loadings, pounds per day per acre of hydraulically effective impervious area, were computed based on measured, modeled, and estimated loads for the three areas.
Atmospheric loads were estimated from chemical analyses of bulk precipitation collected at the highway and commercial sites. The atmospheric contribution to the runoff loads were 49 percent or more for all seven constituents at the two sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8123","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation With the Broward County Transportation Department, Broward County Environmental Quality Control Board, Florida Department of Transportation, and Florida Department of Environmental Regulation","usgsCitation":"Mattraw, H.C., and Miller, R.A., 1981, Stormwater quality processes for three land-use areas in Broward County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-23, v, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8123.","productDescription":"v, 56 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":426082,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0023/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159075,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0023/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Broward County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.37981,25.949959 ], [ -80.37981,26.37992 ], [ -80.060996,26.37992 ], [ -80.060996,25.949959 ], [ -80.37981,25.949959 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b15cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattraw, Harold C. Jr.","contributorId":72360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattraw","given":"Harold","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Robert A.","contributorId":52938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26175,"text":"wri8138 - 1981 - Effects of irrigation pumping on the ground-water system in Newton and Jasper Counties, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-01T12:15:29","indexId":"wri8138","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-38","title":"Effects of irrigation pumping on the ground-water system in Newton and Jasper Counties, Indiana","docAbstract":"Flow in the ground-water system in Newton and Jasper Counties, Indiana, was simulated in a quasi-three-dimensional model in a study of irrigation use of ground water in the two counties. The ground-water system consists of three aquifers: (1) a surficial coarse sand aquifer known as the Kankakee aquifer, (2) a limestone and dolomite bedrock aquifer, and (3) a sand and gravel bedrock valley aquifer. Irrigation pumping, derived primarily from the bedrock, was estimated to be 34.8 million gallons per day during peak irrigation in 1977. Acreage irrigated with ground water is estimated to be 6,200 acres. A series of model experiments was used to estimate the effects of irrigation pumping on ground-water levels and streamflow. Model analysis indicates that a major factor controlling drawdown due to pumping in the bedrock aquifer are the variations in thickness and in vertical hydraulic conductivity in a semiconfining unit overlying the bedrock. Streamflow was not significantly reduced by hypothetical withdrawals of 12.6 million gallons per day from the bedrock aquifer and 10.3 million gallons per day in the Kankakee aquifer. Simulation of water-level recovery after irrigation pumping indicated that a 5-year period of alternating between increasing pumping and recovery will not cause serious problems of residual drawdown or ground-water mining.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri8138","usgsCitation":"Bergeron, M.P., 1981, Effects of irrigation pumping on the ground-water system in Newton and Jasper Counties, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-38, vi, 73 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8138.","productDescription":"vi, 73 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368897,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0038/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0038/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Jasper, Newton","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-86.93,41.2371],[-86.93,41.2298],[-86.9309,41.1722],[-86.9309,41.086],[-86.9304,40.9984],[-86.9293,40.9136],[-86.9877,40.9134],[-86.9872,40.8408],[-87.0412,40.8406],[-87.0995,40.8399],[-87.0987,40.7383],[-87.1539,40.738],[-87.2655,40.7383],[-87.3807,40.738],[-87.4905,40.7381],[-87.5263,40.7378],[-87.5263,40.741],[-87.5265,40.839],[-87.5262,40.981],[-87.5262,40.9832],[-87.5265,41.0142],[-87.5264,41.1231],[-87.5263,41.1661],[-87.4801,41.1701],[-87.4587,41.1702],[-87.4484,41.1744],[-87.4466,41.174],[-87.4411,41.1731],[-87.4147,41.1619],[-87.4055,41.1625],[-87.4,41.1625],[-87.394,41.1625],[-87.38,41.1726],[-87.3448,41.1824],[-87.3405,41.1824],[-87.3313,41.1829],[-87.3241,41.1862],[-87.2859,41.2154],[-87.2762,41.2187],[-87.2263,41.2353],[-87.2184,41.2417],[-87.1984,41.2595],[-87.1918,41.2654],[-87.1851,41.2677],[-87.1595,41.2765],[-87.1308,41.2862],[-87.118,41.2853],[-87.0819,41.2755],[-87.0592,41.2693],[-87.0438,41.2598],[-86.9849,41.2278],[-86.9782,41.222],[-86.9727,41.2202],[-86.966,41.2202],[-86.955,41.2252],[-86.9392,41.2289],[-86.9343,41.2321],[-86.93,41.2371]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Jasper\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611e28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergeron, Marcel P.","contributorId":85994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergeron","given":"Marcel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":46430,"text":"ofr81333 - 1981 - Map of water table in Graham County, northwestern Kansas, March 1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-29T08:23:27","indexId":"ofr81333","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-333","title":"Map of water table in Graham County, northwestern Kansas, March 1979","docAbstract":"A map of the water table in Graham County, prepared in collaboration with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, provides current (1980) information on water levels in the unconsolidated deposits. Graham County, an area of 900 square miles in northwestern Kansas, is within the rolling, moderately to well-dissected terrain on the eastern edge of the High Plains. The eastward-flowing South Fork Solomon River separates the county into nearly equal parts.
The principal source of water for domestic, stock, municipal, and irrigation use if from wells in the shallow unconsolidated deposits. The aquifers occur chiefly in the Ogallala Formation of Miocene age and in deposits of Quaternary age.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81333","usgsCitation":"Spinazola, J.M., 1981, Map of water table in Graham County, northwestern Kansas, March 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-333, 23.85 x 20.34 inches., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81333.","productDescription":"23.85 x 20.34 inches.","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0333/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":346212,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0333/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Graham County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-99.6019,39.5672],[-99.6024,39.4806],[-99.6035,39.3949],[-99.6039,39.3074],[-99.6044,39.2194],[-99.6054,39.1329],[-99.7027,39.1329],[-99.7157,39.1323],[-99.8142,39.1322],[-99.8279,39.132],[-99.9251,39.1323],[-99.9388,39.1326],[-100.0355,39.1324],[-100.0521,39.1326],[-100.1488,39.1318],[-100.1642,39.1321],[-100.1638,39.2187],[-100.1635,39.3062],[-100.1637,39.3927],[-100.1639,39.4793],[-100.1635,39.5673],[-100.0788,39.5675],[-100.0507,39.5674],[-99.9642,39.5671],[-99.9373,39.5669],[-99.852,39.5665],[-99.8251,39.5668],[-99.7398,39.5672],[-99.7135,39.567],[-99.6282,39.5674],[-99.6019,39.5672]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Graham\",\"state\":\"KS\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db6586b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spinazola, Joseph M.","contributorId":102044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spinazola","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29724,"text":"wri8166 - 1981 - Effect of snowmelt on the quality of Filson Creek and Omaday Lake, northeastern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-15T19:52:48.805066","indexId":"wri8166","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-66","title":"Effect of snowmelt on the quality of Filson Creek and Omaday Lake, northeastern Minnesota","docAbstract":"Concentrations of major constituents were determined in the surface water, ground water, and precipitation in Filson Creek watershed to evaluate the effects of acid precipitation on surface-water quality during snowmelt. Concentrations of sulfate increased in Filson Creek and Omaday Lake during snowmelt from less than 2 to 12 milligrams per liter in 1977 and from less than 2 to 4 milligrams per liter in 1979. Hydrogen-ion activity increased from 10-6.5 to 10-5.0 during snowmelt in 1977 and from 10-6.5 to 10-6.0 in 1979. The magnitude of the increases of sulfate and hydrogen-ion concentrations depend on the (1) timing of the snowmelt, (2) concurrent precipitation, and (3) antecedent soil-moisture conditions. Alkalinity and concentrations of total calcium, magnesium, and sodium in the creek during snowmelt reflect the simple dilution of streamflow with more dilute precipitation. The mixing process is defined by hyperbolic curves of concentration versus discharge and can be modeled by use of a mass-balance equation. Concentrations of silica and total potassium in the creek during snowmelt are less than that at base flow because of dilution and uptake by diatoms and plants, respectively.
A quality-assurance study was made to determine the accuracy and precision of the turbidimetric, complexometric (methylthymol blue), and ion-chromatographic methods used to determine concentrations of sulfate in water. Results suggest that the ion-chromatographic method is more accurate and more precise in the detection of sulfate at concentrations of 5 milligrams per liter or less. To obtain accuracy with either the turbidimetric or the complexometric methylthymol blue method, color blanks and turbidity should be determined if concentrations of sulfate are expected to be low, such as in precipitation, or where water is colored by organic material. Interference by color and turbidity is not a factor in the ion-chromatographic method.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri8166","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Siegel, D., Anderson, L.E., and Rogalla, J.A., 1981, Effect of snowmelt on the quality of Filson Creek and Omaday Lake, northeastern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-66, v, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8166.","productDescription":"v, 81 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395981,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35495.htm"},{"id":394313,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0066/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159939,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0066/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Filson Creek, Omaday Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.669921875,\n 47.80427725415423\n ],\n [\n -91.62254333496094,\n 47.80427725415423\n ],\n [\n -91.62254333496094,\n 47.831134971598395\n ],\n [\n -91.669921875,\n 47.831134971598395\n ],\n [\n -91.669921875,\n 47.80427725415423\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625597","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siegel, Donald I.","contributorId":97499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"Donald I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, L. E.","contributorId":69412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogalla, J. A.","contributorId":13860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogalla","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27676,"text":"wri80118 - 1981 - Hydrogeology, estimated impact, and regional well monitoring of effects of subsurface wastewater injection, Tampa Bay area, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri80118","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-118","title":"Hydrogeology, estimated impact, and regional well monitoring of effects of subsurface wastewater injection, Tampa Bay area, Florida","docAbstract":"Six proposed injection sites are located in Pinellas County, Fla., and the city of St. Petersburg. Projected maximum injection rate, if all sites become operational, will be about 40 million gallons per day. The injection zone at the proposed sites is in a consistently dolomitized section of the Avon Park Limestone in the lower part of the Floridan aquifer. The injection zone contains saline ground water that has a chloride concentration of 19,000 to 20,000 milligrams per liter. Pressure and velocity changes were computed at selected regional locations in the upper and lower parts of the Floridan aquifer. Results of the model computations suggest that the regional impact after 20 years of injection will be small. Three locations are proposed for regional monitoring of subsurface injection. They are in the vicinity of the intersection of highways U.S. 19 and U.S. 60 in Pinellas County, Sun City in Hillsborough County, and the intersection of Sheldon Road and Gunn Highway in Hillsborough County. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri80118","usgsCitation":"Hickey, J.J., 1981, Hydrogeology, estimated impact, and regional well monitoring of effects of subsurface wastewater injection, Tampa Bay area, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-118, v, 40 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri80118.","productDescription":"v, 40 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0118/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56526,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0118/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db6148bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickey, John J.","contributorId":39763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28236,"text":"wri80116 - 1981 - User's guide for a general purpose dam-break flood simulation model (K-634)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-22T17:40:39.359024","indexId":"wri80116","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-116","title":"User's guide for a general purpose dam-break flood simulation model (K-634)","docAbstract":"An existing computer program for simulating dam-break floods for forecast purposes has been modified with an emphasis on general purpose applications. The original model was formulated, developed and documented by the National Weather Service. This model is based on the complete flow equations and uses a nonlinear implicit finite-difference numerical method. The first phase of the simulation routes a flood wave through the reservoir and computes an outflow hydrograph which is the sum of the flow through the dam 's structures and the gradually developing breach. The second phase routes this outflow hydrograph through the stream which may be nonprismatic and have segments with subcritical or supercritical flow. The results are discharge and stage hydrographs at the dam as well as all of the computational nodes in the channel. From these hydrographs, peak discharge and stage profiles are tabulated. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri80116","usgsCitation":"Land, L.F., 1981, User's guide for a general purpose dam-break flood simulation model (K-634): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-116, iv, 101 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri80116.","productDescription":"iv, 101 p.","numberOfPages":"110","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":367496,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/80/0116/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/80/0116/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603b98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Land, Larry F.","contributorId":60612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28193,"text":"wri8141 - 1981 - Limnological and geochemical survey of Williams Lake, Hubbard County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T12:41:41","indexId":"wri8141","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-41","title":"Limnological and geochemical survey of Williams Lake, Hubbard County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"A limnological and geochemical survey of Williams Lake, Minnesota, was made in 1979 to provide an initial interpretive description of the lake and the contiguous ground-water system. This survey was made as part of a continuing research program related to the investigation of the interaction of lakes and their contiguous ground-water systems at Williams Lake, Minnesota, as well as other sites within the continental United States.
\nDuring 1979, Williams Lake was dimictic, and the lake had high optical transparency; light penetrated to the lakebed throughout most of the lake. Aquatic macrophytes were present along the western shore and in the southern bay of the lake. Although the lake had clinograde-oxygen distributions during part of this survey, anaerobic conditions were not observed. The lake is moderately fertile with respect to its total phosphorus content. Nutrient data indicate phosphorus limits phytoplankton biomass levels in Williams Lake. Blue-green algae were the dominant group of the phytoplankton community and copepods were the dominant group of the zooplankton community when the lake was thermally stratified during the open-water season. Diatoms and rotifers were dominant when the lake was isothermal in the autumn.
\nCalcium and bicarbonate represent more than 90 percent of the dissolved constituents in Williams Lake and the contiguous ground-water system. Major mineralogical constituents of the lake sediments are quartz, dolomite, and calcite. Marl is present only in the littoral zone of the lake. Organic sediments in the lake consist of loose organic floe and gyttja.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/wri8141","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"LaBaugh, J.W., Groschen, G., and Winter, T.C., 1981, Limnological and geochemical survey of Williams Lake, Hubbard County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-41, v, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8141.","productDescription":"v, 38 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0041/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57031,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0041/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Williams Lake","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5226","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaBaugh, J. W.","contributorId":23484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groschen, G.E.","contributorId":17260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groschen","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27144,"text":"wri8168 - 1981 - Floods in Maine, April-May 1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T09:54:13","indexId":"wri8168","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-68","title":"Floods in Maine, April-May 1979","docAbstract":"Heavy rainfall during April 27-30, 1979, resulted in moderate to record flooding in much of northern and western Maine. During this period, rainfall totals of as much as 6 inches were measured. This period was preceded by up to 10 days of seasonally warm temperatures and snowmelt, which helped create conditions favorable to flooding later in the month. Flood peaks having recurrence intervals greater than 30 years were recorded at several sites, and a few sites experienced maximum recorded flood peaks with recurrence intervals in excess of 50 years. There was no loss of life, but local damage to homes and commercial and industrial establishments was significant. This report describes the flooding. A tabulation of peak gage heights and discharges is included for 42 sites. Daily and storm precipitation values are tabulated for 58 sites. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri8168","usgsCitation":"Fontaine, R.A., and Haskell, C.R., 1981, Floods in Maine, April-May 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-68, iv, 65 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8168.","productDescription":"iv, 65 p. 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Richard","contributorId":20361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haskell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28430,"text":"wri8112 - 1981 - Digital model of the unconsolidated aquifer system in the Modesto area, Stanislaus and San Joaquin Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-06T15:29:51","indexId":"wri8112","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-12","title":"Digital model of the unconsolidated aquifer system in the Modesto area, Stanislaus and San Joaquin Counties, California","docAbstract":"A digital mathematical model of the unconsolidated alluvial aquifer system in the Modesto area, Calif., has been developed which can be used to determine the effects of increased pumping and water use of future water levels in the aquifer system. The model is divided into two units. The lower unit is confined in the western part of the study area by a confining clay bed; elsewhere in this unit the aquifer is unconfined. The upper unit represents an unconfined aquifer and lies above the clay bed or its extension. Where the clay bed is absent the upper and lower units are considered as a single aquifer. The model, as calibrated, can evaluate with reasonable accuracy the effects on water levels of changing stresses and stress patterns only within the area of primary interest for the upper unit. In other areas of the upper unit and for the lower unit, predicted changes should be looked upon as, at best, representing only general trends. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri8112","usgsCitation":"Londquist, C.J., 1981, Digital model of the unconsolidated aquifer system in the Modesto area, Stanislaus and San Joaquin Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-12, iv, 36 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8112.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369021,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0012/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0012/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Joaquin County, Stanislaus County ","city":"Modesto","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 37.51190453731693\n ],\n [\n -120.80291748046874,\n 37.51190453731693\n ],\n [\n -120.80291748046874,\n 37.73379707124429\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 37.73379707124429\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 37.51190453731693\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65ab19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Londquist, Clark J.","contributorId":44149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Londquist","given":"Clark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}