![\"\"](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703782900564-si1.gif\" "\\"\\"")
![\"\"](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703782900564-si2.gif\" "\\"\\"")
![\"\"](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703782900564-si3.gif\" "\\"\\"")
where T is in oK. At 25°C the logarithms of the equilibrium constants are −8.480 ± 0.020, −8.336 ± 0.020 and −7.913 ± 0.020 for calcite, aragonite and vaterite, respectively.The method introduced by Bredehoeft and Papadopulos (1980) for conducting a modified ‘slug’ test in tight formations does not assure the condition of approximate equilibrium necessary at the start of the test. In addition, compressibility in the shut-in well can be significantly larger than the compressibility of water, which Bredehoeft and Papadopulos indicate should be used in the calculations. Errors that may result from using the original test procedure are discussed, and a modified procedure and testing arrangement are presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR018i002p00439","usgsCitation":"Neuzil, C., 1982, On conducting the modified ‘Slug’ test in tight formations: Water Resources Research, v. 18, no. 2, p. 439-441, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR018i002p00439.","productDescription":"3 p. ","startPage":"439","endPage":"441","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d63042e4b05ec799131125","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuzil, C.E. 0000-0003-2022-4055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":60401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70120265,"text":"70120265 - 1982 - Habitat models for land-use planning: assumptions and strategies for development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-13T14:25:12","indexId":"70120265","displayToPublicDate":"1982-03-26T14:13:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Habitat models for land-use planning: assumptions and strategies for development","docAbstract":"Wildlife managers have long recognized that management goals must be constrained by the availability and suitability of habitat. This recognition, combined with ever increasing land development pressures, has resulted in environmental legislation emphasizing systematic approaches to collection and analysis of habitat information. Wildlife planners have responded with a variety of approached to the development of models that quantify habitat requirements.
\nThe use of habitat models in wildlife management is certainly not a new concept. Early models attempted to relate habitat quality and quantity as defined by various life requisites (Trippensee 1948). Conceptually, these early approaches are identical to many contemporary efforts directed at modeling habitat.
\nThis paper has two objectives related to contemporary habitat modeling approaches. The first objective is to characterize the assumptions and limitations inherent to operational habitat models. Various approaches to habitat modeling, some of which will be discussed at this conference, are described in their own terminology-which tends to obscure the fact that they have common ideals and are subject to the same sets of limitations.
\nThe second objective of this paper is to describe a strategy for development of habitat models consistent with these potential limitations. There seems to be two divergent perspectives on operational habitat models. The first is an ideal perspective, which views operational habitat models with skepticism because the current state of habitat knowledge is limited. The second is a pragmatic perspective, which recognizes that available habitat information, no matter how incomplete, can be used to improve the credibility of a land-use decision. The strategy outlined in this paper is directed toward the latter perspective but may help to bridge the gap between the pragmatic and ideal.
","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the Forty-seventh North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference: Population pressures and natural resource management needs","conferenceTitle":"Transactions of the Forty-seventh North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference: Population pressures and natural resource management needs","conferenceDate":"1982-03-26T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Portland, OR","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Management Institute","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Farmer, A.H., Armbruster, M.J., Terrell, J.W., and Schroeder, R.L., 1982, Habitat models for land-use planning: assumptions and strategies for development, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292110,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ec7bcce4b02bf5a7674054","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farmer, Adrian H.","contributorId":107759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armbruster, Michael J.","contributorId":16884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terrell, James W. 0000-0001-5394-5663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5394-5663","contributorId":92726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schroeder, Richard L.","contributorId":10368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70208103,"text":"70208103 - 1982 - A late Pleistocene glacial chronology for the southern Brooks Range: Stratigraphic record and regional significance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-27T14:52:38","indexId":"70208103","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-27T14:44:37","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A late Pleistocene glacial chronology for the southern Brooks Range: Stratigraphic record and regional significance","docAbstract":"Radiocarbon dates from 11 measured sections in the Koyukuk region provide a chronology of the last Pleistocene glaciation. Glaciers were advancing strongly by 24,000 yr ago; they built moraines near the south flank of the Brooks Range, retreated briefly about 22,000 to 20,000 yr B.P., then readvanced at least one more time into their terminal zones. Glaciation was accompanied by alluviation of the Koyukuk and Kobuk drainage systems and by periglacial processes that resemble those taking place today farther north and at higher altitudes. Moraines near the south flank of the range were being revegetated by 13,500 yr B.P. A strong final readvance into end-moraine belts of some northern valleys occurred about 13,000 to 12,500 yr ago, and this event may be synchronous with less extensive glacier readvances in upper valleys of the Koyukuk region. Upper valleys were largely deglaciated by 11,800 yr B.P.
Dated Stratigraphic sections from the northern Alaska Range show similar ages for initiation and close of glaciation and also suggest a possible interstadial episode about 20,000 yr ago. Scanty records of fluctuations during ice wastage probably reflect the general scarcity of datable wood, peat, and organic soils between about 19,500 and 13,500 yr ago. The Brooks Range and Alaska Range chronologies closely approximate glacial successions determined else-where in eastern Beringia and in Siberia. Advance and retreat of glaciers throughout this region evidently were associated with widespread climatic changes that also controlled the late Wisconsin history of the Laurentide ice sheet.
The Itkillik II and late Itkillik phases of former usage are part of a single glaciation that was entirely separate from the preceding Itkillik I ice advance. For this reason, the local term \"Walker Lake Glaciation\" is here extended to the last major glaciation of the entire southern Brooks Range, and use of Itkillik phases should be discontinued. The term \"Itkillik Glaciation\" is hereby restricted to the next older ice advance, in accord with its original definition.
Cold and dry conditions during the last glaciation of eastern Beringia are indicated by (1) relatively small mountain glaciers, (2) slight (200-m) depression of glaciation limits below modern values, (3) periglacial features indicating severe frost action on slopes with little protective plant cover, (4) widespread accretion of eolian sand, (5) low pollen influx rates, (6) scarcity of radiocarbon-datable organic remains, and (7) general absence of carbonaceous paleosols. Plant growth may have been much more restricted than generally believed, with relatively low capacity to support grazing animals and human hunting bands.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1982)93<700:ALPGCF>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, T.D., 1982, A late Pleistocene glacial chronology for the southern Brooks Range: Stratigraphic record and regional significance: GSA Bulletin, v. 93, no. 8, p. 700-716, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1982)93<700:ALPGCF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"700","endPage":"716","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":371601,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Southern Brooks Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.796875,\n 66.51326044311185\n ],\n [\n -148.88671874999997,\n 66.51326044311185\n ],\n [\n -148.88671874999997,\n 68.65655498475735\n ],\n [\n -156.796875,\n 68.65655498475735\n ],\n [\n -156.796875,\n 66.51326044311185\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, T. D.","contributorId":36921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207693,"text":"70207693 - 1982 - Ancient plate boundaries in the Bering Sea region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-15T14:50:52.136737","indexId":"70207693","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-06T15:04:55","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1791,"text":"Geological Society, London, Special Publications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ancient plate boundaries in the Bering Sea region","docAbstract":"Plate tectonic models of the Bering Sea suggest that the abyssal Bering Sea Basin is underlain by oceanic crust, a supposition supported by refraction and magnetic data. The oceanic crust is thought to be a remnant of the Kula(?) plate that was isolated within what is now the Bering Sea when the proto-Aleutian arc began to form between the Alaska Peninsula and Kamchatka in late Mesozoic or earliest Tertiary times. Prior to the formation of the Aleutian arc, the Kula(?) plate moved NW, directly underthrusting eastern Siberia; the plate’s eastern edge either obliquely underthrust or slid past the Bering Sea margin along a transform boundary.
The Koryak Range in eastern Siberia is composed in part of mélange units that include Palaeozoic and Mesozoic allochthonous blocks juxtaposed within a matrix of Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. Structural trends suggest that these blocks were accreted into the Koryak area from the south along an ancient subduction zone formed by underthrusting of the Kula(?) plate.
The base of the Bering Sea continental margin that extends from eastern Siberia to the Alaska Peninsula—the so-called Beringian margin—is underlain by a thick (7–10 km) sedimentary section along the base of the slope. Rocks dredged from the basement exposed farther up the slope (1500–2000 m deep) include shallow-water Upper Jurassic sandstone that is unconformably overlain by shallow-water Eocene to Miocene diatomaceous mudstone. Fauna in the dredge samples indicate that the shelf edge has subsided several kilometres since late Palaeogene time, perhaps in response to the cessation of motion relative to the adjacent oceanic plate and subsequent sediment loading of the oceanic plate.
Uplift of the former plate boundary exposed in the Koryak Range occurred principally in late Cenozoic time, and collapse of the adjacent plate boundary, the Beringian margin, began in earliest Tertiary time and has continued to the present. Both tectonic events occurred after the site of active plate collision shifted south to near the present Aleutian Trench. We are uncertain as to why these two ancient, yet adjacent former plate boundaries should behave so differently, i.e. why one area was folded and uplifted while the other was extensionally deformed and subsided, both apparently in response to the cessation of convergent or strike-slip plate motion.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Socety","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.13","usgsCitation":"Marlow, M.S., Cooper, A.K., Scholl, D.W., and McLean, H., 1982, Ancient plate boundaries in the Bering Sea region: Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 10, p. 201-211, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1982.010.01.13.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"211","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea","volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marlow, M. S.","contributorId":76743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlow","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scholl, David W. 0000-0001-6500-6962 dscholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-6962","contributorId":3738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","email":"dscholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLean, H.","contributorId":11212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLean","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70120403,"text":"70120403 - 1982 - Development and use of a habitat gradient model to evaluate wildlife habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-14T10:23:17","indexId":"70120403","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T10:22:25","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and use of a habitat gradient model to evaluate wildlife habitat","docAbstract":"Ecologists and wildlife managers are increasingly confronted with the problems of predicting the value of surface cover as wildlife habitat and developing management alternatives to offset wildlife values lost because of land-use change. These problems have become urgent and more acute because of increased demand for products from the land and diminished fiscal and manpower resources for obtaining meaningful environmental information for the decision maker. This paper describes a relatively rapid, simple, and quantitative process for evaluating the quality of an area as wildlife habitat.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Management Institute","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Short, H.L., 1982, Development and use of a habitat gradient model to evaluate wildlife habitat: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 47, p. 57-72.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292174,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53edcd45e4b0f61b386d23b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Short, Henry L.","contributorId":58695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70120396,"text":"70120396 - 1982 - Impacts of acid precipitation on watershed ecosystems: an application of the Adaptive Environmental Assessment process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-14T09:52:35","indexId":"70120396","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T09:50:47","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Impacts of acid precipitation on watershed ecosystems: an application of the Adaptive Environmental Assessment process","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Developments in ecological modelling, 1: energy and ecological modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Scientific","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Andrews, A., Auble, G., Ellison, R., Hamilton, D.B., Roelle, J.E., Marmorek, D., and Loucks, L., 1982, Impacts of acid precipitation on watershed ecosystems: an application of the Adaptive Environmental Assessment process, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"394","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53edcd4ce4b0f61b386d241c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, A.K.","contributorId":44991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, G.T.","contributorId":19505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellison, R.A.","contributorId":82709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamilton, D. B.","contributorId":79553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roelle, J. E.","contributorId":91066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marmorek, D.R.","contributorId":105650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marmorek","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Loucks, L.O.","contributorId":60136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loucks","given":"L.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70200770,"text":"70200770 - 1982 - The geology of Europa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:41:30","indexId":"70200770","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T09:41:10","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The geology of Europa","docAbstract":"The map units and lineations of Europa are detailed, and the geologic processes, and history, and thick and thin ice models of the satellite are discussed. It is concluded that Europa lacks evidence of a horizontally stratified crust; the geology appears characterized by disruption of the crust and intrusions into an icy shell. The surface consists of plains and mottled terrain, the former being older. Numerous straight and curved lineations, streaks, stripes, and bands cross EuropA's surface on a global and surface scale. Most lineations appear related to fractures in the crust. Five fresh craters in the 10 to 30 km diameter range are visible. The dark spots, stripes, and bands that appear to have replaced sections of the crust suggest that material was transported to the surface from the subjacent silicate lithosphere. The apparent low density of craters superposed on Europa's surface suggests that the surface is about 100 million years old.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Satellites of Jupiter","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, B.K., and Soderblom, L.A., 1982, The geology of Europa, chap. of Satellites of Jupiter, p. 521-555.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"555","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359012,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19830035021"},{"id":359013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":750440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70120392,"text":"70120392 - 1982 - Results of a modeling workshop concerning economic and environmental trends and concomitant resource management issues in the Mobile Bay area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-14T09:36:52","indexId":"70120392","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T09:19:54","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Results of a modeling workshop concerning economic and environmental trends and concomitant resource management issues in the Mobile Bay area","docAbstract":"During the past decade, the southern regions of the U.S. have experienced rapid change which is expected to continue into the foreseeable future. Growth in population, industry, and resource development has been attributed to a variety of advantages such as an abundant and inexpensive labor force, a mild climate, and the availability of energy, water, land, and other natural resources. While this growth has many benefits for the region, it also creates the potential for increased air, water, and solid waste pollution, and modification of natural habitats.
\nA workshop was convened to consider the Mobile Bay area as a site-specific case of growth and its environmental consequences in the southern region. The objectives of the modeling workshop were to: (1) identify major factors of economic development as they relate to growth in the area over the immediate and longer term; (2) identify major environmental and resource management issues associated with this expected growth; and (3) identify and characterize the complex interrelationships among economic and environmental factors. This report summarizes the activities and results of a modeling workshop concerning economic growth and concomitant resource management issues in the Mobile Bay area.
\nThe workshop was organized around construction of a simulation model representing the relationships between a series of actions and indicators identified by participants. The workshop model had five major components. An Industry Submodel generated scenarios of growth in several industrial and transportation sectors. A Human Population/Economy Submodel calculated human population and economic variables in response to employment opportunities. A Land Use/Air Quality Submodel tabulated changes in land use, shoreline use, and air quality. A Water Submodel calculated indicators of water quality and quantity for fresh surface water, ground water, and Mobile Bay based on discharge information provided by the Industry and Human Population/Economy Submodels. Finally, a Fish Submodel calculated indicators of habitat quality for finfish and shellfish, utilizing information on water quality and wetlands acreage.
\nThe workshop was successful in identifying many of the critical interrelations between components of the Mobile area system. Not all of those interactions, such as the feedback of air quality as a limitation on development, could be incorporated into the workshop model because of the model's broad spatial scale and because of uncertainties or data gaps. Thus, the value of the modeling workshop was in the areas outlines below, rather than in the predictive power of the initial model developed at the workshop.
\nFirst, participants developed a holistic perspective on the interactions which will determine future economic and environmental trends within the Mobile Bay area. Potential environmental consequences and limitations to grown identified at the workshop included: shoreline and water access; water quality of Mobile Bay; finfish and shellfish habitat quality with respect to dissolved oxygen and coliforms; air quality; and acreage of critical wetland habitat. Second, the model's requirements for specific, quantitative information stimulated supporting analyses, such as economic input-output calculations, which provide additional insight into the Mobile Bay area system. Third, the perspective of the Mobile area as an interacting system was developed in an open, cooperative forum which my provide a foundation for conflict resolution based on common understanding. Finally, the identification of model limitations and uncertainties should be useful in guiding the efficient allocation of future research effort.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Energy and Land Use Team","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, D.B., Andrews, A.K., Auble, G.T., Ellison, R.A., Johnson, R.A., Roelle, J.E., and Staley, M.J., 1982, Results of a modeling workshop concerning economic and environmental trends and concomitant resource management issues in the Mobile Bay area, 84 p.","productDescription":"84 p.","numberOfPages":"84","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Mobile Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.109396,30.26461 ], [ -88.109396,30.673552 ], [ -87.91553,30.673552 ], [ -87.91553,30.26461 ], [ -88.109396,30.26461 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53edcd4fe4b0f61b386d2453","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":498128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Austin K.","contributorId":85516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Austin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellison, Richard A.","contributorId":19087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Richard A.","contributorId":81420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Staley, Michael J.","contributorId":77859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70120389,"text":"70120389 - 1982 - The effect of exploitation on annual survival of mallard ducks: an ultrastructural model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-14T09:03:03","indexId":"70120389","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T09:02:01","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"The effect of exploitation on annual survival of mallard ducks: an ultrastructural model","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Biometric Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Biometrics Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D., and Burnham, K., 1982, The effect of exploitation on annual survival of mallard ducks: an ultrastructural model, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53edcd53e4b0f61b386d24aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":8413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011482,"text":"70011482 - 1982 - Extension in the Rio Grande rift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T15:09:07.736725","indexId":"70011482","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extension in the Rio Grande rift","docAbstract":"A positive gravity anomaly along the axis of the Rio Grande rift reflects a volume of anomalous mass added at the base of the crust and intruded into the crust. Part of this volume can be associated with vertical uplift of the crust. The remainder of this anomalous volume, plus the volume of surficial graben fill, can be associated with horizontal crustal extension. The volume of crustal uplift in the Rio Grande rift is unknown, but this term can be eliminated by means of an independent equation provided by assumption of generalized isostatic equilibrium. The volume and mass equations combined provide a solution for extension of the crust in terms of the following parameters: total anomalous mass deficiency in the mantle lithosphere, total anomalous mass excess in the crust and its density contrast, total anomalous mass deficiency of surficial graben fill and its density contrast, and the volume of material eroded from the uplift. Using standard density estimates and masses determined by equivalent-source modeling of gravity profiles, I obtained 1-km extension at 37°N (Colorado-New Mexico border), 13-km extension at 35°N (Albuquerque, New Mexico), and 24-km extension at 33°N in southern New Mexico. These estimates are of necessity very poorly constrained and may be as much as ±60% in error. Taking results at face value, the best fitting Euler pole occurs at about 41°N, in north central Colorado. The calculated opening angle is 1.32°. For an approximately 30-m.y. duration of the extensional system (late Oligocene to the present), calculated average angular velocity is 7.8×10−4 rad/m.y.; calculated average spreading half-rate at 33°N (for example) is a stately 0.04 cm/yr. The ratio of extension to uplift increases southward.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB087iB10p08561","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Cordell, L., 1982, Extension in the Rio Grande rift: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 87, no. B10, p. 8561-8569, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB087iB10p08561.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"8561","endPage":"8569","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220841,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e42e4b0c8380cd5338a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cordell, L.","contributorId":84901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordell","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011657,"text":"70011657 - 1982 - A Proposed Model for the International Geomagnetic Reference Field-1965","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-25T11:07:29.291922","indexId":"70011657","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2310,"text":"Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Proposed Model for the International Geomagnetic Reference Field-1965","docAbstract":"A best current model of the main geomagnetic field is presented as a response to a need for an “International Geomagnetic Reference Field”. This model is described by a series of 120 spherical harmonic coefficients and their first and second time derivatives from an epoch 1960.0. It was derived from a sample of all magnetic survey data available from the interval 1900-1964 plus a recent global distribution of preliminary total field observations from the OGO-2 (1965-81A) spacecraft for epoch 1965.8. A duplicate data selection was made and the resulting field model compared with the first to help evaluate the minimum error. It was noted that the root —mean—square difference between the two models was about 30γ in the force components, 0.04 degrees in dip and 0.3 degrees in declination at the earth's surface for 1965.0.
Seismic refraction data with a dense areal distribution were collected to study the seismic structure of Mount Hood and the surrounding region. This area is typical of Cascade volcanoes and is geologically quite complex. The prime goals of this project were to search for velocity variations in the upper crustal rocks and to determine if the velocity of these rocks is anisotropic. A new system, including 100 remote recording units, was developed to facilitate the collection of data in this type of survey. The data collected in this study reveal a large variation in velocity and thickness of the uppermost crustal rocks that is probably typical of the High Cascade province. A regional structural pattern surrounding Mount Hood, where there is a marked thinning of low-velocity near-surface rocks, suggests that the present edifice of Mount Hood lies on top of a much larger structure, possibly the roof of a large batholith that was emplaced prior to the eruption of the volcanic rocks that form the modern mountain. A straightforward time term analysis of the data reveals this structure. When the time terms are used to correct the travel time observations for the variation in structure under each station, the remaining set of residuals indicates a variation of travel time with azimuth. While a systematic error in the time term reduction cannot be ruled out, this variation is probably the result of anisotropic velocity structure in the underlying refractor. The alignment of the direction of maximum velocity with the direction of maximum principal stress and the decrease in anisotropy with depth suggest that the anisotropic velocity structure is related to the opening and closing of fractures in the present stress field. The direction of maximum velocity is about N25°W, and the degree of anisotropy appears to vary with depth from about 3% near the surface to zero at depths below 8 km.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB087iB01p00339","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Kohler, W., Healy, J.H., and Wegener, S., 1982, Upper crustal structure of the Mount Hood, Oregon, region as revealed by time term analysis: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 87, no. B1, p. 339-355, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB087iB01p00339.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"355","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221135,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd56e4b08c986b328f8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kohler, W.M.","contributorId":62999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohler","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, J. H.","contributorId":48968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wegener, S.S.","contributorId":67654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wegener","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011242,"text":"70011242 - 1982 - Assessment of models proposed for the 1981 revision of the IGRF","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-25T11:20:18.426624","indexId":"70011242","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2310,"text":"Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of models proposed for the 1981 revision of the IGRF","docAbstract":"For the second revision of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF), the U. S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the U. K. Institute of Geological Sciences (IGS), and the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) submitted proposed models of the Earth's main magnetic field at 1965.0, 1970.0, 1975.0, and 1980.0, and its secular variation during 1980-1985. We assessed the proposed models by comparing them with annual mean values from worldwide magnetic observatories, data for 1978-1980 from 63 U. S. magnetic repeat stations, and rates-of-change values for worldwide magnetic observatories for 1965-1985 that were derived from straight lines fitted to annual means for five-year intervals. We also mutually compared the 1980 models.
In August 1981 the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy revised the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). It is the second revision since the inception of the IGRF in 1968. The revision extends the earlier series of IGRF models from 1980 to 1985, introduces a new series of definitive models for 1965-1975, and defines a provisional reference field for 1975-1980. The revision consists of: (1) a model of the main geomagnetic field at 1980.0, not continuous with the earlier series of IGRF models, together with a forecast model of the secular variation of the main field during 1980-1985; (2) definitive models of the main field at 1965.0, 1970.0, and 1975.0, with linear interpolation of the model coefficients specified for intervening dates; and (3) a provisional reference field for 1975-1980, defined as the linear interpolation of the 1975 and 1980 main-field models. The new models are series of solid spherical harmonics up to and including the tenth degree and order for the main-field models, and up to and including the eighth degree and order for the secular variation model. The models were derived from three sets of proposed models by taking weighted means. The weights were chosen according to the apparent accuracy of the proposed models. A brief history of the IGRF, a review of basic formulas, and a set of world contour maps of the geomagnetic elements based on the IGRF 1980 model are included.
Calculations based on approximately 350 new measurements (CaT-PCO2) of the solubilities of calcite, aragonite and vaterite in CO2-H2O solutions between 0 and 90°C indicate the following values for the log of the equilibrium constants KC, KA, and KV respectively, for the reaction CaCO3(s) = Ca2+ + CO2−3:
\n where T is in oK. At 25°C the logarithms of the equilibrium constants are −8.480 ± 0.020, −8.336 ± 0.020 and −7.913 ± 0.020 for calcite, aragonite and vaterite, respectively.
The equilibrium constants are internally consistent with an aqueous model that includes the CaHCO+3 and CaCO03 ion pairs, revised analytical expressions for CO2-H2O equilibria, and extended Debye-Hückel individual ion activity coefficients. Using this aqueous model, the equilibrium constant of aragonite shows no PCO2-dependence if the CaHCO+3 association constant is ![\"\"](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703782900564-si4.gif\" "\\"\\"")
between 0 and 90°C, corresponding to the value logKCahco+3 = 1.11 ± 0.07 at 25°C. The CaCO03association constant was measured potentiometrically to be ![\"\"](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703782900564-si5.gif\" "\\"\\"")
between 5 and 80°C, yielding logKCaCO03 = 3.22 ± 0.14 at 25°C.
The CO2-H2O equilibria have been critically evaluated and new empirical expressions for the temperature dependence of KH, K1 and K2 are ![\"\"](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703782900564-si6.gif\" "\\"\\"")
, ![\"\"](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703782900564-si7.gif\" "\\"\\"")
and logK2 = −107.8871 − 0.03252849T + 5151.79/T + 38.92561 logT − 563713.9/T2 which may be used to at least 250°C. These expressions hold for 1 atm. total pressure between 0 and 100°C and follow the vapor pressure curve of water at higher temperatures.
Extensive measurements of the pH of Ca-HCO3 solutions at 25°C and 0.956 atm PCO2 using different compositions of the reference electrode filling solution show that measured differences in pH are closely approximated by differences in liquid-junction potential as calculated by the Henderson equation. Liquid-junction corrected pH measurements agree with the calculated pH within 0.003-0.011 pH.
\nEarlier arguments suggesting that the CaHCO+3 ion pair should not be included in the CaCO3-CO2-H2O aqueous model were based on less accurate calcite solubility data. The CaHCO+3 ion pair must be included in the aqueous model to account for the observed PCO2-dependence of aragonite solubility between 317 ppm CO2 and 100% CO2.
\nPrevious literature on the solubility of CaCO3 polymorphs have been critically evaluated using the aqueous model and the results are compared.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(82)90056-4","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., and Busenberg, E., 1982, The solubilities of calcite, aragonite and vaterite in CO2-H2O solutions between 0 and 90°C, and an evaluation of the aqueous model for the system CaCO3-CO2-H2O: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 46, no. 6, p. 1011-1040, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(82)90056-4.","startPage":"1011","endPage":"1040","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb03ee4b08c986b324d14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":361964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":361963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011651,"text":"70011651 - 1982 - Stratigraphic reference section for Georges Bank Basin - Depositional model for New England passive margin.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T15:45:15.430432","indexId":"70011651","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic reference section for Georges Bank Basin - Depositional model for New England passive margin.","docAbstract":"A multichannel seismic reflection profile (U.S. Geological Survey line 19), calibrated with the COST G-1, COST G-2, and Shell Mohican I-100 wells, and seismic-sequence analysis shows that the chronostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic units and depositional history of the Georges Bank basin are similar to those of the Scotian basin. Carbonate rocks of the Iroquois and Abenaki Formations, as much as 16,000 ft (4,800 m) thick, dominated the eastern half of the Georges Bank basin during the Jurassic. As much as 7,500 ft (2,300 m) of the coeval terrigenous clastic deposits of the Mohican, Mohawk, and Mic Mac Formations accumulated updip (westward) in sublittoral, paralic, and nonmarine environments. Siliciclastic deposition, as much as 6,000 ft (1,800 m), dominated the entire basin throughout the Cretaceous and Cenozoic, and it was punctuated briefly by carbonate deposition during the Hauterivian and Paleogene. Tentative correlation between the Georges Bank basin sequences and those of the adjacent, deep North American basin suggests that the deep-sea facies were strongly influenced by depositional events on the shelf. Deposition in both areas has been sensitive to changes in sea level and to paleoclimatic cycles.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/03B5A633-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Poag, C.W., 1982, Stratigraphic reference section for Georges Bank Basin - Depositional model for New England passive margin.: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 66, no. 8, p. 1021-1041, https://doi.org/10.1306/03B5A633-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1021","endPage":"1041","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221455,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean, Georges Bank","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.20863484886625,\n 42.04918841749222\n ],\n [\n -68.20863484886625,\n 40.47051861193097\n ],\n [\n -65.81281728784933,\n 40.47051861193097\n ],\n [\n -65.81281728784933,\n 42.04918841749222\n ],\n [\n -68.20863484886625,\n 42.04918841749222\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b991fe4b08c986b31c26e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poag, C. Wylie 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":2565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wylie","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":361622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011481,"text":"70011481 - 1982 - Permafrost, heat flow, and the geothermal regime at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T15:11:03.279817","indexId":"70011481","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Permafrost, heat flow, and the geothermal regime at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska","docAbstract":"Temperature measurements through permafrost in the oil field at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, combined with laboratory measurements of the thermal conductivity of drill cuttings permit an evaluation of in situ thermal properties and an understanding of the general factors that control the geothermal regime. A sharp contrast in temperature gradient at ∼600 m represents a contrast in thermal conductivity caused by the downward change from interstitial ice to interstitial water at the base of permafrost under near steady state conditions. Interpretation of the gradient contrast in terms of a simple model for the conductivity of an aggregate yields the mean ice content (∼39%), and thermal conductivities for the frozen and thawed sections (8.1 and 4.7 mcal/cm s °C, respectively). These results yield a heat flow of ∼1.3 HFU, which is similar to other values on the Alaskan Arctic Coast; the anomalously deep permafrost is a result of the anomalously high conductivity of the siliceous ice-rich sediments. Curvature in the upper 160 m of the temperature profiles represents a warming of ∼1.8°C of the mean surface temperature and a net accumulation of 5–6 kcal/cm2 by the solid earth surface during the last 100 years or so. Rising sea level and thawing of ice-rich sea cliffs probably caused the shoreline to retreat tens of kilometers in the last 20,000 years, inundating a portion of the continental shelf that is presently the target of intensive oil exploration. A simple conduction model suggests that this recently inundated region is underlain by near-melting ice-rich permafrost to depths of 300–500 m; its presence is important to seismic interpretations in oil exploration and to engineering considerations in oil production. With confirmation of the permafrost configuration by offshore drilling, heat conduction models can yield reliable new information on the chronology of arctic shorelines.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB087iB11p09301","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lachenbruch, A., Sass, J., Marshall, B., and Moses, T.H., 1982, Permafrost, heat flow, and the geothermal regime at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 87, no. B11, p. 9301-9316, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB087iB11p09301.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"9301","endPage":"9316","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220840,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76a3e4b0c8380cd78223","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lachenbruch, A.H.","contributorId":76737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachenbruch","given":"A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sass, J.H.","contributorId":70749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":361214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marshall, B.V.","contributorId":72375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"B.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moses, T. H. Jr.","contributorId":70385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moses","given":"T.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011464,"text":"70011464 - 1982 - The modified polyconic projection for the IMW","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-01T16:48:19.139483","indexId":"70011464","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1189,"text":"Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The modified polyconic projection for the IMW","docAbstract":"The modified Polyconic map projection designed by Lallemand and adopted for the International Map of the World between 1909 and 1962 has two meridians and two parallels which are true to scale. Constructed geometrically in the past, forward and inverse coordinate transformations may be calculated analytically in order to transfer data from existing quadrangles to other maps. The equations for these transformations are derived and used to calculate representative tables of coordinates andscale factors. Although the projection is neither equal-area nor conformai, scale does not vary more than 0.06% throughout the quadrangle.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Toronto Press","doi":"10.3138/557H-7263-01X6-072L","usgsCitation":"Snyder, J., 1982, The modified polyconic projection for the IMW: Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization, v. 19, no. 3-4, p. 31-43, https://doi.org/10.3138/557H-7263-01X6-072L.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221669,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bade1e4b08c986b323e41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, John P.","contributorId":16878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"John P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011843,"text":"70011843 - 1982 - Preliminary model of regional Mesozoic groundwater flow and uranium deposition in the Colorado Plateau.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:05","indexId":"70011843","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary model of regional Mesozoic groundwater flow and uranium deposition in the Colorado Plateau.","docAbstract":"Qualitative and numerical simulation of regional groundwater flow in the Colorado Plateau during Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous time has led to a model of U deposition in areas of upwelling solutions. Palaeographic reconstruction shows that surface drainage and groundwater flow was generally to the NE and E. Groundwater flowing in these directions, principally through Triassic-Jurassic and Permian sandstones, encountered sediments of variable thickness due to buried uplifted or downdropped Precambrian blocks. The buried uplifted blocks caused upward movement of groundwater around them. These inferred zones of upwelling are closely associated with concentrations of Jurassic- and Cretaceous-age U deposits. The results are consistent with hypotheses of an upwelling brine mixing and reacting with descending meteoric water and causing U precipitation at the fluid interface. Whether the U came from above or below the interface is an unsolved problem.-A.P.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Sanford, R., 1982, Preliminary model of regional Mesozoic groundwater flow and uranium deposition in the Colorado Plateau.: Geology, v. 10, no. 7, p. 348-352.","startPage":"348","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8930e4b0c8380cd7dd1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanford, R.F.","contributorId":38562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011862,"text":"70011862 - 1982 - Huge landslide blocks in the growth of piton de la fournaise, La réunion, and Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-10T13:12:35","indexId":"70011862","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Huge landslide blocks in the growth of piton de la fournaise, La réunion, and Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Piton de la Fournaise, on the island of La Réunion, and Kilauea volcano, on the island of Hawaii, are active, basaltic shield volcanoes growing on the flanks of much larger shield volcanoes in intraplate tectonic environments. Past studies have shown that the average rate of magma production and the chemistry of lavas are quite similar for both volcanoes. We propose a structural similarity — specifically, that periodic displacement of parts of the shields as huge landslide blocks is a common mode of growth. In each instance, the unstable blocks are within a rift-zone-bounded, unbuttressed flank of the shield. At Kilauea, well-documented landslide blocks form relatively surficial parts of a much larger rift-zone-bounded block; scarps of the Hilina fault system mark the headwalls of the active blocks. At Fournaise, Hilina-like slump blocks are also present along the unbuttressed east coast of the volcano. In addition, however, the existence of a set of faults nested around the present caldera and northeast and southeast rift zones suggests that past chapters in the history of Fournaise included the slumping of entire rift-zone-bounded blocks themselves. These nested faults become younger to the east southeast and apparently record one of the effects of a migration of the focus of volcanism in that direction. Repeated dilation along the present set of northeast and southeast rift zones, most recently exemplified by an eruption in 1977, suggests that the past history of rift-zone-bounded slumping will eventually be repeated. The record provided by the succession of slump blocks on Fournaise is apparently at a relatively detailed part of a migration of magmatic focus that has advanced at least 30 km to the east-southeast from neighboring Piton des Neiges, an extinct Pliocene to Pleistocene volcano.?? 1982.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(82)90009-9","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Duffield, W.A., Stieltjes, L., and Varet, J., 1982, Huge landslide blocks in the growth of piton de la fournaise, La réunion, and Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 12, no. 1-2, p. 147-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(82)90009-9.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"160","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3274e4b0c8380cd5e803","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffield, Wendell A.","contributorId":14363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"Wendell","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stieltjes, Laurent","contributorId":99287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stieltjes","given":"Laurent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Varet, Jacques","contributorId":88877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varet","given":"Jacques","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011861,"text":"70011861 - 1982 - Benthic phosphorus regeneration in the Potomac River Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:33","indexId":"70011861","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Benthic phosphorus regeneration in the Potomac River Estuary","docAbstract":"The flux of dissolved reactive phosphate from Potomac riverine and estuarine sediments is controlled by processes occurring at the water-sediment interface and within surficial sediment. In situ benthic fluxes (0.1 to 2.0 mmoles m-2 day-1) are generally five to ten times higher than calculated diffusive fluxes (0.020 to 0.30 mmoles m-2 day-1). The discrepancy between the two flux estimates is greatest in the transition zone (river mile 50 to 70) and is attributd to macrofaunal irrigation. Both in situ and diffusive fluxes of dissolved reactive phosphate from Potomac tidal river sediments are low while those from anoxic lower estuarine sediments are high. The net accumulation rate of phosphorus in benthic sediment exhibits an inverse pattern. Thus a large fraction of phosphorus is retained by Potomac tidal river sediments, which contain a surficial oxidized layer and oligochaete worms tolerant of low oxygen conditions, and a large fraction of phosphorus is released from anoxic lower estuary sediments. Tidal river sediment pore waters are in equilibrium with amorphous Fe (OH)3 while lower estuary pore waters are significantly undersaturated with respect to this phase. Benthic regeneration of dissolved reactive phosphorus is sufficient to supply all the phosphorus requirements for net primary production in the lower tidal river and transition-zone waters of the Potomac River Estuary. Benthic regeneration supplies approximately 25% as much phosphorus as inputs from sewage treatment plants and 10% of all phosphorus inputs to the tidal Potomac River. When all available point source phosphorus data are put into a steady-state conservation of mass model and reasonable coefficients for uptake of dissolved phosphorus, remineralization of particulate phosphorus, and sedimentation of particulate phosphorus are used in the model, a reasonably accurate simulation of dissolved and particulate phosphorus in the water column is obtained for the summer of 1980. ?? 1982 Dr W. Junk Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00000042","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Callender, E., 1982, Benthic phosphorus regeneration in the Potomac River Estuary: Hydrobiologia, v. 91-92, no. 0, p. 431-446, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00000042.","startPage":"431","endPage":"446","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205067,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000042"},{"id":220862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91-92","issue":"0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0c2e4b0c8380cd4a8ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Callender, E.","contributorId":72528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011825,"text":"70011825 - 1982 - Mineralogy and stable isotope geochemistry of hydrothermally altered oceanic rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T12:26:55.364294","indexId":"70011825","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and stable isotope geochemistry of hydrothermally altered oceanic rocks","docAbstract":"Mineralogical and isotopic variations observed in altered glassy and crystalline rocksfrom the East Pacific Rise and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge provide information about the temperatures of alteration and seawater/rock ratios for various hydrothermal regimes within the oceanic crust. A systematic increase in alteration temperature is evident for the glassy rocksin the sequence: (1) nontronite and celadonite vesicle fillings (35°C), (2) saponite-rich pillow breccias ( 130–170°C), (3) calcite-rich greenstone breccias and epidote-rich greenstone (200–350°C). Theseresults include the highest temperatures thus far reported for saponite formation.
The “seawater-dominated” hydrothermal alteration process that formed the saponite-rich pillow breccias is characterized by high water/rock ratios (>0:1), low to moderate temperatures, a seawater origin of most of the carbon in vein calcites (δ13C≈0) and the predominance of Fe-rich saponite and calcite as secondary phases. Greenstones (chlorite-quartz-epidote) and greenstone breccias (chlorite-quartz-albite-calcite) are altered in a “rock-dominated” system with lower water/rock ratios (50:1 to < 1:1), higher temperatures, and vein calcites with carbon that is principally of magmatic origin (δ13C≈−4). The crystalline rocks (diabase, gabbro, and metagabbro) are affected to varying degrees by pervasive high-temperature seawater interactions that commence soon after solidification, producing varying proportions of fine-grained secondary minerals including talc, smectite, chlorite, vermiculite, actinolite, and sodicplagioclase. Hydrothermal solutions, derived from alteration of the crystalline rocks, are of the appropriate temperature and isotopic composition to alter the overlying glassy rocks to the observed mineralogies as well as being the source of metal-rich deposits associated with the oceanic spreading centers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(82)90151-0","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Stakes, D., and O’Neil, J.R., 1982, Mineralogy and stable isotope geochemistry of hydrothermally altered oceanic rocks: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 57, no. 2, p. 285-304, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(82)90151-0.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"304","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221317,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ac8e4b0c8380cd6f117","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stakes, D.S.","contributorId":103792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stakes","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011827,"text":"70011827 - 1982 - Mineralogy and geochemistry of Fe-Ti oxide and apatite (nelsonite) deposits and evaluation of the liquid immiscibility hypothesis.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T16:45:34.301205","indexId":"70011827","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and geochemistry of Fe-Ti oxide and apatite (nelsonite) deposits and evaluation of the liquid immiscibility hypothesis.","docAbstract":"Modal mineralogy determined for 32 Fe-Ti oxide and apatite rocks from localities in Virginia, New York, Quebec, Norway, and Sweden largely supports the 2:1 oxide:apatite ratio suggested as a eutectic mixture by Philpotts (1967). A fairly consistent suite of accessory minerals, including biotite, clinoamphibole, spinel, zircon, and sulfides, is present. Some silicate accessory minerals tend to form glomeroporphyritic intergrowths in an equigranular matrix of nelsonite, suggesting that the accessories are xenocrysts that have been trapped in an oxide-apatite liquid. This liquid may represent an extreme case of partitioning of high charge-density cations into a low silica, phosphorus-enriched immiscible melt. Temperature and oxygen fugacity estimates for oxide pairs in nelsonites range from 600 degrees to 1,000 degrees C and 10 (super -20) to 10 (super -11) atm f (sub o 2 ) and bracket an equilibration path that is close to the FMQ buffer curve. Several stages of exsolution are evident in Fe-Ti oxides of some deposits. Nelsonites contain fluorapatite that is enriched in light lanthanides. The occurrence of nelsonite \"dikes\" in Roseland anorthosite and associated rocks of the Roseland-Piney River district of Virginia is explained by the infilling of fractures with nelsonite liquid that has settled out of an overlying ferrodiorite pluton.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.77.5.1146","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Kolker, A., 1982, Mineralogy and geochemistry of Fe-Ti oxide and apatite (nelsonite) deposits and evaluation of the liquid immiscibility hypothesis.: Economic Geology, v. 77, no. 5, p. 1146-1158, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.77.5.1146.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1146","endPage":"1158","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221319,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1982-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ab6e4b0c8380cd6f090","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolker, A. 0000-0002-5768-4533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":10947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011723,"text":"70011723 - 1982 - A note on the Goodman Jack","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-28T12:05:51.618311","indexId":"70011723","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3305,"text":"Rock Mechanics Felsmechanik Mecanique des Roches","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A note on the Goodman Jack","docAbstract":"A Note on the Goodman Jack. Reconnaissance experiments, performed to evaluate the practical utility of the hard-rock variety of the Goodman Jack 1, reveal that the Hustrulid-T* correction adequately reconciles the discrepancy between the measured and true deformation modulus of the rock mass in the range of 30 to50 gigapascals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01246885","issn":"00357448","usgsCitation":"Swolfs, H., and Kibler, J., 1982, A note on the Goodman Jack: Rock Mechanics Felsmechanik Mecanique des Roches, v. 15, no. 2, p. 57-66, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01246885.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221608,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4c2e4b0c8380cd468df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swolfs, H.S.","contributorId":70759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swolfs","given":"H.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kibler, J.D.","contributorId":68311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kibler","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}