{"pageNumber":"154","pageRowStart":"3825","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10951,"records":[{"id":70048421,"text":"70048421 - 2013 - Twentieth-century global-mean sea level rise: Is the whole greater than the sum of the parts?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:23:51","indexId":"70048421","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-01T09:35:29","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Twentieth-century global-mean sea level rise: Is the whole greater than the sum of the parts?","docAbstract":"Confidence in projections of global-mean sea level rise (GMSLR) depends on an ability to account for GMSLR during the twentieth century. There are contributions from ocean thermal expansion, mass loss from glaciers and ice sheets, groundwater extraction, and reservoir impoundment. Progress has been made toward solving the “enigma” of twentieth-century GMSLR, which is that the observed GMSLR has previously been found to exceed the sum of estimated contributions, especially for the earlier decades. The authors propose the following: thermal expansion simulated by climate models may previously have been underestimated because of their not including volcanic forcing in their control state; the rate of glacier mass loss was larger than previously estimated and was not smaller in the first half than in the second half of the century; the Greenland ice sheet could have made a positive contribution throughout the century; and groundwater depletion and reservoir impoundment, which are of opposite sign, may have been approximately equal in magnitude. It is possible to reconstruct the time series of GMSLR from the quantified contributions, apart from a constant residual term, which is small enough to be explained as a long-term contribution from the Antarctic ice sheet. The reconstructions account for the observation that the rate of GMSLR was not much larger during the last 50 years than during the twentieth century as a whole, despite the increasing anthropogenic forcing. Semiempirical methods for projecting GMSLR depend on the existence of a relationship between global climate change and the rate of GMSLR, but the implication of the authors' closure of the budget is that such a relationship is weak or absent during the twentieth century.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00319.1","usgsCitation":"Gregory, J., White, N., Church, J., Bierkens, M., Box, J., Van den Broeke, M., Cogley, J., Fettweis, X., Hanna, E., Huybrechts, P., Konikow, L.F., Leclercq, P., Marzeion, B., Oerlemans, J., Tamisiea, M., Wada, Y., Wake, L., and Van de Wal, R., 2013, Twentieth-century global-mean sea level rise: Is the whole greater than the sum of the parts?: Journal of Climate, v. 26, no. 13, p. 4476-4499, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00319.1.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"4476","endPage":"4499","ipdsId":"IP-041890","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00319.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":278182,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00319.1"},{"id":278183,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.014444444444444444,-90 ], [ -0.014444444444444444,0.0025 ], [ 0.01888888888888889,0.0025 ], [ 0.01888888888888889,-90 ], [ -0.014444444444444444,-90 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"26","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5246e91ce4b035b7f35addf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gregory, J.M.","contributorId":45217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregory","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, N.J.","contributorId":63710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Church, J.A.","contributorId":69460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bierkens, M.F.P.","contributorId":51192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bierkens","given":"M.F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Box, J.E.","contributorId":95788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Van den Broeke, M.R.","contributorId":44820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van den Broeke","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cogley, J.G.","contributorId":58549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cogley","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fettweis, X.","contributorId":32073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fettweis","given":"X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hanna, E.","contributorId":29728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Huybrechts, P.","contributorId":64412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huybrechts","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Leclercq, P.W.","contributorId":6364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leclercq","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Marzeion, B.","contributorId":105216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marzeion","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Oerlemans, J.","contributorId":27778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oerlemans","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Tamisiea, M.E.","contributorId":37241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tamisiea","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Wada, Y.","contributorId":68212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wada","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Wake, L.M.","contributorId":9563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wake","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Van de Wal, R.S.W.","contributorId":61737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van de Wal","given":"R.S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}}
,{"id":70046725,"text":"ofr20131102 - 2013 - ARRA-funded V<sub>S30</sub> measurements using multi-technique approach at strong-motion stations in California and central-eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-08T12:55:16","indexId":"ofr20131102","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1102","title":"ARRA-funded V<sub>S30</sub> measurements using multi-technique approach at strong-motion stations in California and central-eastern United States","docAbstract":"Funded by the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), we conducted geophysical site characterizations at 191 strong-motion stations: 187 in California and 4 in the Central-Eastern United States (CEUS). The geophysical methods used at each site included passive and active surface-wave and body-wave techniques. Multiple techniques were used at most sites, with the goal of robustly determining VS (shear-wave velocity) profiles and V<sub>S30</sub> (the time-averaged shear-wave velocity in the upper 30 meters depth). These techniques included: horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR), two-dimensional (2-D) array microtremor (AM), refraction microtremor (ReMi™), spectral analysis of surface wave (SASW), multi-channel analysis of surface waves (Rayleigh wave: MAS<sub>R</sub>W; and Love wave: MAS<sub>L</sub>W), and compressional- and shear-wave refraction. Of the selected sites, 47 percent have crystalline, volcanic, or sedimentary rock at the surface or at relatively shallow depth, and 53 percent are of Quaternary sediments located in either rural or urban environments. Calculated values of VS30 span almost the full range of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) Site Classes, from D (stiff soils) to B (rock). The NEHRP Site Classes based on V<sub>S30</sub> range from being consistent with the Class expected from analysis of surficial geology, to being one or two Site Classes below expected. In a few cases where differences between the observed and expected Site Class occurred, it was the consequence of inaccurate or coarse geologic mapping, as well as considerable degradation of the near-surface rock. Additionally, several sites mapped as rock have Site Class D (stiff soil) velocities, which is due to the extensive weathering of the surficial rock.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131102","usgsCitation":"Yong, A., Martin, A., Stokoe, K., and Diehl, J., 2013, ARRA-funded V<sub>S30</sub> measurements using multi-technique approach at strong-motion stations in California and central-eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1102, Report: iv, 58 p., appendix; Appendix A: 2610 p.; Data repository folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131102.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 58 p., appendix; Appendix A: 2610 p.; Data repository folder","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":152,"text":"California Field Office Earthquake Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131102.jpg"},{"id":274323,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1102/data"},{"id":274321,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1102/of2013-1102_text.pdf"},{"id":274324,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1102/of2013-1102_appendix_a.pdf"},{"id":274322,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1102/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.9148,32.898 ], [ -123.9148,39.2152 ], [ -114.4446,39.2152 ], [ -114.4446,32.898 ], [ -123.9148,32.898 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d2a4e0e4b0ca18483389ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yong, Alan 0000-0003-1807-5847","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-5847","contributorId":23037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yong","given":"Alan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Antony","contributorId":16731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Antony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stokoe, Kenneth","contributorId":98199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokoe","given":"Kenneth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diehl, John","contributorId":65744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70188536,"text":"70188536 - 2013 - A volcanic activity alert-level system for aviation: Review of its development and application in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T16:45:00","indexId":"70188536","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A volcanic activity alert-level system for aviation: Review of its development and application in Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>An alert-level system for communicating volcano hazard information to the aviation industry was devised by the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) during the 1989–1990 eruption of Redoubt Volcano. The system uses a simple, color-coded ranking that focuses on volcanic ash emissions: Green—normal background; Yellow—signs of unrest; Orange—precursory unrest or minor ash eruption; Red—major ash eruption imminent or underway. The color code has been successfully applied on a regional scale in Alaska for a sustained period. During 2002–2011, elevated color codes were assigned by AVO to 13 volcanoes, eight of which erupted; for that decade, one or more Alaskan volcanoes were at Yellow on 67&nbsp;% of days and at Orange or Red on 12&nbsp;% of days. As evidence of its utility, the color code system is integrated into procedures of agencies responsible for air-traffic management and aviation meteorology in Alaska. Furthermore, it is endorsed as a key part of globally coordinated protocols established by the International Civil Aviation Organization to provide warnings of ash hazards to aviation worldwide. The color code and accompanying structured message (called a Volcano Observatory Notice for Aviation) comprise an effective early-warning message system according to the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. The aviation color code system currently is used in the United States, Russia, New Zealand, Iceland, and partially in the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia. Although there are some barriers to implementation, with continued education and outreach to Volcano Observatories worldwide, greater use of the aviation color code system is achievable.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11069-013-0761-4","usgsCitation":"Guffanti, M.C., and Miller, T., 2013, A volcanic activity alert-level system for aviation: Review of its development and application in Alaska: Natural Hazards, v. 69, p. 1519-1533, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0761-4.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"1519","endPage":"1533","ipdsId":"IP-046227","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -140.9765625,\n              69.3493386397765\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.708984375,\n              70.69995129442536\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.6640625,\n              70.28911664330674\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.673828125,\n              66.19600891267761\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.11328125,\n              62.95522304515911\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.7734375,\n              58.49369382056807\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.2578125,\n              57.61010702068388\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.322265625,\n              54.92714186454645\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.673828125,\n              53.85252660044951\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.75390624999997,\n              56.607885465009254\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.205078125,\n              58.90464570302001\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.95312499999997,\n              59.66774058164963\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.701171875,\n              59.62332522313024\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.845703125,\n              57.18390185831188\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.078125,\n              51.508742458803326\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.814453125,\n              55.825973254619015\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.52734375,\n              59.62332522313024\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.064453125,\n              60.54377524118842\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.9765625,\n              69.3493386397765\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"69","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3ce4b0764e6c65dc67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guffanti, Marianne C. guffanti@usgs.gov","contributorId":641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guffanti","given":"Marianne","email":"guffanti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Thomas tmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":146825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Thomas","email":"tmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70046703,"text":"sir20125209 - 2013 - Estimates of the volume of water in five coal aquifers, Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation, southeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-26T09:37:49","indexId":"sir20125209","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5209","title":"Estimates of the volume of water in five coal aquifers, Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation, southeastern Montana","docAbstract":"The Tongue River Member of the Tertiary Fort Union Formation is the primary source of groundwater in the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation in southeastern Montana. Coal beds within this formation generally contain the most laterally extensive aquifers in much of the reservation. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Northern Cheyenne Tribe, conducted a study to estimate the volume of water in five coal aquifers.\n\nThis report presents estimates of the volume of water in five coal aquifers in the eastern and southern parts of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation: the Canyon, Wall, Pawnee, Knobloch, and Flowers-Goodale coal beds in the Tongue River Member of the Tertiary Fort Union Formation. Only conservative estimates of the volume of water in these coal aquifers are presented.\n\nThe volume of water in the Canyon coal was estimated to range from about 10,400 acre-feet (75 percent saturated) to 3,450 acre-feet (25 percent saturated). The volume of water in the Wall coal was estimated to range from about 14,200 acre-feet (100 percent saturated) to 3,560 acre-feet (25 percent saturated). The volume of water in the Pawnee coal was estimated to range from about 9,440 acre-feet (100 percent saturated) to 2,360 acre-feet (25 percent saturated). The volume of water in the Knobloch coal was estimated to range from about 38,700 acre-feet (100 percent saturated) to 9,680 acre-feet (25 percent saturated). The volume of water in the Flowers-Goodale coal was estimated to be about 35,800 acre-feet (100 percent saturated).\n\nSufficient data are needed to accurately characterize coal-bed horizontal and vertical variability, which is highly complex both locally and regionally. Where data points are widely spaced, the reliability of estimates of the volume of coal beds is decreased. Additionally, reliable estimates of the volume of water in coal aquifers depend heavily on data about water levels and data about coal-aquifer characteristics. Because the data needed to define the volume of water were sparse, only conservative estimates of the volume of water in the five coal aquifers are presented in this report. These estimates need to be used with caution and mindfulness of the uncertainty associated with them.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125209","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Northern Cheyenne Tribe","usgsCitation":"Tuck, L., Pearson, D., Cannon, M.R., and Dutton, D., 2013, Estimates of the volume of water in five coal aquifers, Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation, southeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5209, vi, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125209.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"35","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20125209.gif"},{"id":274235,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5209/"},{"id":274236,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5209/sir2012-5209.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.083333,45.166667 ], [ -107.083333,45.75 ], [ -106.166667,45.75 ], [ -106.166667,45.166667 ], [ -107.083333,45.166667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cbff4fe4b052f2a453985f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tuck, L.K.","contributorId":54247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuck","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearson, Daniel K.","contributorId":52014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"Daniel K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannon, M. R.","contributorId":99140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dutton, DeAnn M. ddutton@usgs.gov","contributorId":20762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutton","given":"DeAnn M.","email":"ddutton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70045533,"text":"70045533 - 2013 - Genomic analysis of avian influenza viruses from waterfowl in Western Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T14:12:53","indexId":"70045533","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genomic analysis of avian influenza viruses from waterfowl in Western Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (Y-K Delta) in western Alaska is an immense and important breeding ground for waterfowl. Migratory birds from the Pacific Americas, Central Pacific, and East Asian-Australasian flyways converge in this region, providing opportunities for intermixing of North American- and Eurasian-origin hosts and infectious agents, such as avian influenza virus (AIV). We characterized the genomes of 90 low pathogenic (LP) AIV isolates from 11 species of waterfowl sampled on the Y-K Delta between 2006 and 2009 as part of an interagency surveillance program for the detection of the H5N1 highly pathogenic (HP) strain of AIV. We found evidence for subtype and genetic differences between viruses from swans and geese, dabbling ducks, and sea ducks. At least one gene segment in 39% of all isolates was Eurasian in origin. Target species (those ranked as having a relatively high potential to introduce HP H5N1 AIV to North America) were no more likely than nontarget species to carry viruses with genes of Eurasian origin. These findings provide evidence that the frequency at which viral gene segments of Eurasian origin are detected does not result from a strong species effect, but rather we suspect it is linked to the geographic location of the Y-K Delta in western Alaska where flyways from different continents overlap. This study provides support for retaining the Y-K Delta as a high priority region for the surveillance of Asian avian pathogens such as HP H5N1 AIV.","language":"English","publisher":"WDA","doi":"10.7589/2012-04-108","usgsCitation":"Reeves, A.B., Pearce, J.M., Ramey, A.M., Ely, C.R., Schmutz, J.A., Flint, P.L., Derksen, D.V., Ip, S., and Trust, K.A., 2013, Genomic analysis of avian influenza viruses from waterfowl in Western Alaska, USA: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 49, no. 3, p. 600-610, https://doi.org/10.7589/2012-04-108.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"600","endPage":"610","ipdsId":"IP-041234","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274133,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274132,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.7589/2012-04-108"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c95c59e4b0a50a6e8f57a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, Andrew B. 0000-0002-7526-0726 areeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7526-0726","contributorId":167362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Andrew","email":"areeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ip, S. 0000-0003-4844-7533 hip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"S.","email":"hip@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Trust, Kimberly A.","contributorId":42503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trust","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70046217,"text":"70046217 - 2013 - Linking phenology and biomass productivity in South Dakota mixed-grass prairie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-23T13:39:21","indexId":"70046217","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking phenology and biomass productivity in South Dakota mixed-grass prairie","docAbstract":"Assessing the health of rangeland ecosystems based solely on annual biomass production does not fully describe plant community condition; the phenology of production can provide inferences on species composition, successional stage, and grazing impacts. We evaluate the productivity and phenology of western South Dakota mixed-grass prairie using 2000 to 2008 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) satellite imagery at 250 m spatial resolution. Growing season NDVI images were integrated weekly to produce time-integrated NDVI (TIN), a proxy of total annual biomass production, and integrated seasonally to represent annual production by cool (C3) and warm (C4) season species. Additionally, a variety of phenological indicators including cool season percentage of TIN were derived from the seasonal profiles of NDVI. Cool season percentage and TIN were combined to generate vegetation classes, which served as proxies of plant community condition. TIN decreased with precipitation from east to west across the study area. Alternatively, cool season percentage increased from east to west, following patterns related to the reliability (interannual coefficient of variation [CV]) and quantity of mid-summer precipitation. Cool season TIN averaged 76.8% of total. Seasonal accumulation of TIN corresponded closely (R2 > 0.90) to that of gross photosynthesis data from a carbon flux tower. Field-collected biomass and community composition data were strongly related to the TIN and cool season percentage products. The patterns of vegetation classes were responsive to topographic, edaphic, and land management influences on plant communities. Accurate maps of biomass production, cool/warm season composition, and vegetation classes can improve the efficiency of land management by adjusting stocking rates and season of use to maximize rangeland productivity and achieve conservation objectives. Further, our results clarify the spatial and temporal dynamics of phenology and TIN in mixed-grass prairie.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","doi":"10.2111/REM-D-12-00083.1","usgsCitation":"Rigge, M., Smart, A., Wylie, B., Gilmanov, T., and Johnson, P., 2013, Linking phenology and biomass productivity in South Dakota mixed-grass prairie: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 66, no. 5, p. 579-587, https://doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-12-00083.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"579","endPage":"587","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-039037","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/642745","text":"External Repository"},{"id":274001,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274000,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-12-00083.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.06,42.48 ], [ -104.06,45.95 ], [ -96.44,45.95 ], [ -96.44,42.48 ], [ -104.06,42.48 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"66","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c2c4d5e4b08857aac42380","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rigge, Matthew 0000-0003-4471-8009","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4471-8009","contributorId":19457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rigge","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smart, Alexander","contributorId":24262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smart","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce 0000-0002-7374-1083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":107996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gilmanov, Tagir","contributorId":6351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmanov","given":"Tagir","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Patricia","contributorId":16303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70045031,"text":"70045031 - 2013 - Dynamic deformation of Seguam Island, Alaska, 1992--2008, from multi-interferogram InSAR processing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-01T10:11:32","indexId":"70045031","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic deformation of Seguam Island, Alaska, 1992--2008, from multi-interferogram InSAR processing","docAbstract":"We generated a time-series of ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) images to study ground surface deformation at Seguam Island from 1992 to 2008. We used the small baseline subset (SBAS) technique to reduce artifacts associated with baseline uncertainties and atmospheric delay anomalies, and processed images from two adjacent tracks to validate our results. Seguam Island comprises the remnants of two late Quaternary calderas, one in the western caldera of the island and one in the eastern part of the island. The western caldera subsided at a constant rate of ~ 1.6 cm/yr throughout the study period, while the eastern caldera experienced alternating periods of subsidence and uplift: ~ 5 cm/year uplift during January 1993–October 1993 (stage 1), ~ 1.6 cm/year subsidence during October 1993–November 1998 (stage 2), ~ 2.0 cm/year uplift during November 1998–September 2000 (stage 3), ~ 1.4 cm/year subsidence during September 2000–November 2005 (stage 4), and ~ 0.8 cm/year uplift during November 2005– July 2007 (stage 5). Source modeling indicates a deflationary source less than 2 km below sea level (BSL) beneath the western caldera and two sources beneath the eastern caldera: an inflationary source 2.5–6.0 km BSL and a deflationary source less than 2 km BSL. We suggest that uplift of the eastern caldera is driven by episodic intrusions of basaltic magma into a poroelastic reservoir 2.5–6.0 km BSL beneath the caldera. Cooling and degassing of the reservoir between intrusions results in steady subsidence of the overlying surface. Although we found no evidence of magma intrusion beneath the western caldera during the study period, it is the site (Pyre Peak) of all historical eruptions on the island and therefore cooling and degassing of intrusions presumably contributes to subsidence there as well. Another likely subsidence mechanism in the western caldera is thermoelastic contraction of lava flows emplaced near Pyre Peak during several historical eruptions, most recently in 1977 and 1992–93.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.05.009","usgsCitation":"Lee, C., Lu, Z., Won, J., Jung, H., and Dzurisin, D., 2013, Dynamic deformation of Seguam Island, Alaska, 1992--2008, from multi-interferogram InSAR processing: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 260, p. 43-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.05.009.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"51","ipdsId":"IP-026604","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273989,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.05.009"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Seguam Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"260","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c17357e4b0dd0e00d92183","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Chang-Wook","contributorId":15748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Chang-Wook","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":476651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Won, Joong-Sun","contributorId":16966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Won","given":"Joong-Sun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jung, Hyung-Sup","contributorId":58382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jung","given":"Hyung-Sup","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70045689,"text":"70045689 - 2013 - Determination of diffusion coefficients of carbon dioxide in water between 268 and 473 K in a high-pressure capillary optical cell with in situ Raman spectroscopic measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-27T09:58:50","indexId":"70045689","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of diffusion coefficients of carbon dioxide in water between 268 and 473 K in a high-pressure capillary optical cell with in situ Raman spectroscopic measurements","docAbstract":"Accurate values of diffusion coefficients for carbon dioxide in water and brine at reservoir conditions are essential to our understanding of transport behavior of carbon dioxide in subsurface pore space. However, the experimental data are limited to conditions at low temperatures and pressures. In this study, diffusive transfer of carbon dioxide in water at pressures up to 45 MPa and temperatures from 268 to 473 K was observed within an optical capillary cell via time-dependent Raman spectroscopy. Diffusion coefficients were estimated by the least-squares method for the measured variations in carbon dioxide concentration in the cell at various sample positions and time. At the constant pressure of 20 MPa, the measured diffusion coefficients of carbon dioxide in water increase with increasing temperature from 268 to 473 K. The relationship between diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide in water [D(CO<sub>2</sub>) in m<sup>2</sup>/s] and temperature (T in K) was derived with Speedy–Angell power-law approach as: D(CO<sub>2</sub>)=D<sub>0</sub>[T/Ts-1]<sup>m</sup> where D<sub>0</sub> = 13.942 × 10<sup>−9</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s, Ts = 227.0 K, and m = 1.7094. At constant temperature, diffusion coefficients of carbon dioxide in water decrease with pressure increase. However, this pressure effect is rather small (within a few percent).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2013.04.010","usgsCitation":"Lu, W., Guo, H., Chou, I., Burruss, R., and Li, L., 2013, Determination of diffusion coefficients of carbon dioxide in water between 268 and 473 K in a high-pressure capillary optical cell with in situ Raman spectroscopic measurements: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 115, p. 183-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.04.010.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"204","ipdsId":"IP-041914","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273879,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.04.010"}],"country":"United States","volume":"115","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c021d5e4b0ee1529ecdec2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Wanjun","contributorId":15102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Wanjun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guo, Huirong","contributorId":46397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Huirong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burruss, R.C. 0000-0001-6827-804X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":99574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, Lanlan","contributorId":26211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Lanlan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70046625,"text":"ofr20131090 - 2013 - Geologic map of the east half of the Lime Hills 1:250,000-scale quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-18T09:43:23","indexId":"ofr20131090","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1090","title":"Geologic map of the east half of the Lime Hills 1:250,000-scale quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"This map is compiled from geologic mapping conducted between 1985 and 1992 by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of the Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program. That mapping built upon previous USGS work (1963–1988) unraveling the magmatic history of the Alaska–Aleutian Range batholith. Quaternary unit contacts depicted on this map are derived largely from aerial-photograph interpretation. K-Ar ages made prior to this study have been recalculated using 1977 decay constants. The east half of the Lime Hills 1:250,000-scale quadrangle includes part of the Alaska–Aleutian Range batholith and several sequences of sedimentary rocks or mixed sedimentary and volcanic rocks. The Alaska–Aleutian Range batholith contains rocks that represent three major igneous episodes, (1) Early and Middle Jurassic, (2) Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary, and (3) middle Tertiary; only rocks from the latter two episodes are found in this map area. The map area is one of very steep and rugged terrain; elevations range from a little under 1,000 ft (305 m) to 9,828 ft (2,996 m). Foot traverses are generally restricted to lowermost elevations. Areas suitable for helicopter landings can be scarce at higher elevations. Most of the area was mapped from the air, supplemented by direct examination of rocks where possible. This restricted access greatly complicates understanding some of the more complex geologic units. For example, we know there are plutons whose compositions vary from gabbro to granodiorite, but we have little insight as to how these phases are distributed and what their relations might be to each other. It is also possible that some of what we have described as compositionally complex plutons might actually be several distinct intrusions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Service","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131090","usgsCitation":"Gamble, B.M., Reed, B.L., Richter, D.H., and Lanphere, M.A., 2013, Geologic map of the east half of the Lime Hills 1:250,000-scale quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1090, Map: 35 inches x 28 inches; Readme: PDF file; Metadata folder; GIS Data: ZIP file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131090.","productDescription":"Map: 35 inches x 28 inches; Readme: PDF file; Metadata folder; GIS Data: ZIP file","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273835,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131090.gif"},{"id":273832,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1090/of2013-1090_readme.pdf"},{"id":273830,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1090/"},{"id":273831,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1090/of2013-1090_map.pdf"},{"id":273833,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1090/of2013-1090_metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":273834,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1090/of2013-1090_database.zip"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 5N","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Lime Hills","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -154.500,61.0000 ], [ -154.500,62.0000 ], [ -153.000,62.0000 ], [ -153.000,61.0000 ], [ -154.500,61.0000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c021d5e4b0ee1529ecdeca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gamble, Bruce M. bgamble@usgs.gov","contributorId":560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gamble","given":"Bruce","email":"bgamble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Bruce L.","contributorId":19928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richter, Donald H.","contributorId":61021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70046578,"text":"ofr20131096 - 2013 - Geologic map of southwestern Sequoia National Park, Tulare County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-14T15:25:26","indexId":"ofr20131096","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1096","title":"Geologic map of southwestern Sequoia National Park, Tulare County, California","docAbstract":"This map shows the geology of 675 km<sup>2</sup> (260 mi<sup>2</sup>) on the west slope of the Sierra Nevada, California, mainly in Sequoia National Park and Sequoia National Forest. It was produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) at the request of the National Park Service to complete the geologic map coverage of Kings Canyon and Sequoia National Parks. The area includes the Mineral King 15’ topographic quadrangle (sheet 1) and strips along the east and northeast edges of the Kaweah 15’ topographic quadrangle (sheet 2), both in Tulare County. Mapping was performed mainly on the 1:24,000-scale Mineral King, Silver City, Quinn Peak, Moses Mountain, Case Mountain, and Dennison Peak 7.5’ topographic quadrangle bases. Rocks within the study area are chiefly Cretaceous granites and granodiorites of the Sierra Nevada batholith that intruded coherent masses of Mesozoic metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks. Quaternary till and talus are the principal surficial deposits, with the exception of a large bouldery alluvial apron near the southwest corner of the map area. The study area includes the headwaters of the Kaweah River (East and South Forks), Tule River (North Fork and North Fork of the Middle Fork), and the Little Kern River. Relief is considerable, with elevations spanning from 1,500 feet along the Middle Fork Kaweah River to 12,432 feet at the summit of Florence Peak along the crest of the Great Western Divide.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131096","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the <a href=\" http://www.nps.gov/seki/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\">National Park Service</a>","usgsCitation":"Sisson, T.W., and Moore, J.G., 2013, Geologic map of southwestern Sequoia National Park, Tulare County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1096, Pamphlet: ii, 27 p.; 2 Sheets: 38.40 x 52.04 inches;  Readme file; Metadata folder; Data folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131096.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: ii, 27 p.; 2 Sheets: 38.40 x 52.04 inches;  Readme file; Metadata folder; Data folder","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":619,"text":"Volcano Science Center-Menlo Park","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273742,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131096.gif"},{"id":273737,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1096/of2013-1096_sheet1.pdf"},{"id":273738,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1096/of2013-1096_sheet2.pdf"},{"id":273739,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1096/1_readme.txt"},{"id":273735,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1096/"},{"id":273736,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1096/of2013-1096_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":273740,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1096/metadata"},{"id":273741,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1096/data"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sequoia National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.92,36.29 ], [ -118.92,36.70 ], [ -118.23,36.70 ], [ -118.23,36.29 ], [ -118.92,36.29 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51bc2d5be4b0c04034a01c74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70046537,"text":"ofr20131067 - 2013 - 2010 Joint United States-Canadian Program to explore the limits of the Extended Continental Shelf aboard U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy--Cruise HLY1002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-13T21:22:59","indexId":"ofr20131067","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1067","title":"2010 Joint United States-Canadian Program to explore the limits of the Extended Continental Shelf aboard U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy--Cruise HLY1002","docAbstract":"In August and September 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, conducted bathymetric and geophysical surveys in the Beaufort Sea and eastern Arctic Ocean aboard the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy. The principal objective of this mission to the high Arctic was to acquire data in support of a delineation of the outer limits of the U.S. and Canadian Extended Continental Shelf in the Arctic Ocean, in accordance with the provisions of Article 76 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.\n\nThe Healy was accompanied by the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker Louis S. St-Laurent. The scientific parties on board the two vessels consisted principally of staff from the U.S. Geological Survey (Healy), and the Geological Survey of Canada and the Canadian Hydrographic Service (Louis). The crew also included marine-mammal observers, Native-community observers, ice observers, and biologists conducting research of opportunity in the Arctic Ocean.\n\nDespite interruptions necessitated by three medical emergencies, the joint survey proved largely successful. The Healy collected 7,201 trackline-kilometers of swath (multibeam) bathymetry (47,663 square kilometers) and CHIRP subbottom data, with accompanying marine gravity measurements, and expendable bathythermograph data. The Louis acquired 3,673 trackline-kilometers of multichannel seismic (airgun) deep-penetration reflection data along 25 continuous profiles, as well as 34 sonobuoy refraction stations and 9,500 trackline-kilometers of single-beam bathymetry. The coordinated efforts of the two vessels resulted in seismic-reflection-profile data that were of much higher quality and continuity than if the data had been acquired with a single vessel alone. The equipment-failure rate of the seismic equipment aboard the Louis was greatly reduced when the Healy led as the ice breaker. When ice conditions proved too severe to deploy the seismic system, the Louis led the Healy, resulting in much improved quality of the swath bathymetric and CHIRP subbottom data in comparison with data collected either by the Healy in the lead or the Healy working alone.\n\nDuring periods when the Healy was operating alone (principally when the Louis was diverted for emergency medical evacuations or ship repairs), the Healy was able to deploy a piston-core-sampler (10 meters maximum potential recovery depending on configuration). The coring operations resulted in recovery of cores at five locations ranging from 2.4 to 5.7 meters in length from water depths ranging from 1,157 to 3,700 meters. One of these cores sited on the Alaskan margin recovered the first reported occurrence of methane hydrate from the Arctic Ocean.\n\nAncillary science objectives, including ice observations and deployment of ice-monitoring buoys and water-column sampling to measure acidification of Arctic waters were successfully conducted. The water-column sampling included using 10 full-ocean-depth, water-sampling casts with accompanying conductivity-temperature-depth measurements.\n\nExcept for the data deemed proprietary, data from the cruise have been archived and are available for download at the National Geophysical Data Center and at cooperating organizations.\n\nOutreach staff and guest teachers aboard the two vessels provided near-real-time connection between the research activities and the public through online blogs, web pages, and other media.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131067","usgsCitation":"Edwards, B.D., Childs, J.R., Triezenberg, P., Danforth, W.W., and Gibbons, H., 2013, 2010 Joint United States-Canadian Program to explore the limits of the Extended Continental Shelf aboard U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy--Cruise HLY1002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1067, iv, 26 p.; 8 Appendixes; Figure 4, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131067.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.; 8 Appendixes; Figure 4","numberOfPages":"30","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-08-02","temporalEnd":"2010-09-06","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273689,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1067/"},{"id":273691,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1067/pdf/ofr20131067_appA.pdf"},{"id":273690,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1067/pdf/ofr20131067.pdf"},{"id":273692,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1067/pdf/ofr20131067_appB.pdf"},{"id":273693,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1067/pdf/ofr20131067_appC.pdf"},{"id":273694,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1067/pdf/ofr20131067_appD.pdf"},{"id":273695,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1067/pdf/ofr20131067_appE.pdf"},{"id":273696,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1067/pdf/ofr20131067_appF.pdf"},{"id":273697,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1067/pdf/ofr20131067_appG.pdf"},{"id":273698,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1067/pdf/ofr20131067_appH.pdf"},{"id":273699,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1067/pdf/ofr20131067_Fig4.pdf"},{"id":273700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131067.png"}],"country":"United States;Canada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -132.0,79.75 ], [ -132.0,80.75 ], [ -127.0,80.75 ], [ -127.0,79.75 ], [ -132.0,79.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4925e4b0b290850eeead","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Brian D. bedwards@usgs.gov","contributorId":3161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Brian","email":"bedwards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Childs, Jonathan R. jchilds@usgs.gov","contributorId":3155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"Jonathan","email":"jchilds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Triezenberg, Peter J.","contributorId":32625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triezenberg","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gibbons, Helen hgibbons@usgs.gov","contributorId":912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbons","given":"Helen","email":"hgibbons@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70044503,"text":"70044503 - 2013 - Case study Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T16:36:10.676771","indexId":"70044503","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"12","title":"Case study Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico, USA","docAbstract":"Chemical and isotopic patterns in groundwater can record characteristics of water sources, flow directions, and groundwater-age information.  This hydrochemical information can be useful in refining conceptualization of groundwater flow, in calibration of numerical models of groundwater flow, and in estimation of paleo and modern recharge rates.  This case study shows how chemical and isotopic data were used to characterize sources and flow of groundwater in the Middle Rio Grande Basin (MRGB) of New Mexico, USA. The <sup>14</sup>C model  ages of the groundwater samples are on the tens of thousands of year timescale.  These data changed some of the prevailing ideas about flow in the MRGB, and were used to improve a numerical model of the aquifer system.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Isotope Methods for Dating Old Groundwater","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Atomic Energy Agency","publisherLocation":"Vienna, Austria","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., and Sanford, W., 2013, Case study Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico, USA, chap. 12 <i>of</i> Isotope Methods for Dating Old Groundwater, p. 273-295.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"295","ipdsId":"IP-017072","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273618,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273614,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www-pub.iaea.org/books/iaeabooks/8880/Isotope-Methods-for-Dating-Old-Groundwater"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Middle Rio Grande Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5,34.25 ], [ -107.5,35.75 ], [ -106.0,35.75 ], [ -106.0,34.25 ], [ -107.5,34.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b838d8e4b03203c522b182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanford, W.","contributorId":76490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70046435,"text":"sir20135113 - 2013 - A historical perspective on precipitation, drought severity, and streamflow in Texas during 1951-56 and 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T13:23:40","indexId":"sir20135113","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5113","title":"A historical perspective on precipitation, drought severity, and streamflow in Texas during 1951-56 and 2011","docAbstract":"<p>The intense drought throughout Texas during 2011 resulted in substantial declines in streamflow. By April 2011, nearly all of the State was experiencing severe to extreme drought according to data from the University of Nebraska&ndash;Lincoln Drought Monitor. By the end of July 2011, more than 75 percent of the State was experiencing exceptional drought. The worst of the drought occurred around October 4, 2011, when 97 percent of Texas was suffering from extreme to exceptional drought. The historical drought of 1951&ndash;56 has long been used by water-resource managers, engineers, and scientists as a point of reference for water-supply planning. A comparison of drought conditions during the 2011 water year (October 1, 2010, through September 30, 2011) to the historical drought of 1951&ndash;56 from a hydrologic perspective serves as an additional reference for water-supply planning.</p>\n<p>A record low statewide average annual precipitation of 11.27 inches for the period 1895&ndash;2011 was recorded during the 2011 water year; the prior record low statewide average precipitation was 13.91 inches during the 1956 water year. The statewide monthly Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) declined to -7.93 during September 2011, which was larger in magnitude than the statewide PDSI during any drought-affected month in the 1950s.</p>\n<p>Annual mean streamflow and streamflow-duration curves for the 1951&ndash;56 and 2011 water years were assessed for 19 unregulated U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-gaging stations. At eight of these streamflow-gaging stations, the annual mean streamflow was lower in 2011 than for any year during 1951&ndash;56; many of these stations are located in eastern Texas. Annual mean streamflows for streamflow-gaging stations in the Guadalupe, Blanco, and upper Frio River Basins were lower in 1956 than in 2011. The streamflow-duration curves for many streamflow-gaging stations indicate a lack of (or diminished) storm runoff during 2011. Low streamflows (those exceeded 90 to 95 percent of days) were lower for 1956 than for 2011 at seven streamflow-gaging stations. For most of these stations, the lowest of the low streamflows during 1951&ndash;56 occurred in 1956. During March to September 2011, record daily lows were measured at USGS streamflow-gaging station 08041500 Village Creek near Kountze, Tex., which has more than 70 years of record. Many other USGS streamflow-gaging stations in Texas started the 2011 water year with normal streamflow but by the end of the water year were flowing at near-record lows.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135113","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board","usgsCitation":"Winters, K.E., 2013, A historical perspective on precipitation, drought severity, and streamflow in Texas during 1951-56 and 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5113, v, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135113.","productDescription":"v, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1951-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-044869","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135113.jpg"},{"id":273627,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5113/"},{"id":273628,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5113/pdf/sir20135113.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.6,25.8 ], [ -106.6,36.5 ], [ -93.5,36.5 ], [ -93.5,25.8 ], [ -106.6,25.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b838d1e4b03203c522b17a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winters, Karl E. kwinters@usgs.gov","contributorId":3554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"Karl","email":"kwinters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039969,"text":"70039969 - 2013 - The giant Pebble Cu-Au-Mo deposit and surrounding region, southwest Alaska: Introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-11T17:24:03.836376","indexId":"70039969","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The giant Pebble Cu-Au-Mo deposit and surrounding region, southwest Alaska: Introduction","docAbstract":"The Pebble deposit is located about 320 km southwest of and 27 km northwest of the village of Iliamna in Alaska (Fig. 1A). It is one of the largest porphyry deposits in terms of contained Cu (Fig. 2A) and it has the largest Au endowment of any porphyry deposit in the world (Fig. 2B). The deposit comprises the Pebble West and Pebble East zones that represent two coeval hydrothermal centers within a single system (Lang et al., 2013). Together the measured and indicated resources total 5,942 million metric tons (Mt) at 0.42% Cu, 0.35 g/t Au, and 250 ppm Mo with an inferred resource of 4,835 Mt at 0.24% Cu, 0.26 g/t Au, and 215 ppm Mo. In addition, the deposit contains significant concentrations of Ag, Pd, and Re (Northern Dynasty Minerals, 2011).","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.108.3.397","usgsCitation":"Kelley, K., Lang, J.R., and Eppinger, R.G., 2013, The giant Pebble Cu-Au-Mo deposit and surrounding region, southwest Alaska: Introduction: Economic Geology, v. 108, no. 3, p. 397-404, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.108.3.397.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"404","ipdsId":"IP-038120","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Pebble","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.335205078125,\n              58.338334351348074\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              58.338334351348074\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.2265625,\n              61.944118091023746\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.335205078125,\n              61.944118091023746\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.335205078125,\n              58.338334351348074\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"108","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b838dde4b03203c522b1a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, Karen D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":57817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Karen D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lang, James R.","contributorId":39679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lang","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eppinger, Robert G. eppinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"Robert","email":"eppinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046359,"text":"ds771 - 2013 - Database for the Geologic Map of Newberry Volcano, Deschutes, Klamath, and Lake Counties, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T08:54:34","indexId":"ds771","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"771","title":"Database for the Geologic Map of Newberry Volcano, Deschutes, Klamath, and Lake Counties, Oregon","docAbstract":"Newberry Volcano, one of the largest Quaternary volcanoes in the conterminous United States, is a broad shield-shaped volcano measuring 60 km north-south by 30 km east-west with a maximum elevation of more than 2 km. Newberry Volcano is the product of deposits from thousands of eruptions, including at least 25 in the past approximately 12,000 years (Holocene Epoch). Newberry Volcano has erupted as recently as 1,300 years ago, but isotopic ages indicate that the volcano began its growth as early as 0.6 million years ago. Such a long eruptive history and recent activity suggest that Newberry Volcano is likely to erupt in the future. This geologic map database of Newberry Volcano distinguishes rocks and deposits based on their composition, age, and lithology.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds771","collaboration":"Database for Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-2455","usgsCitation":"Bard, J.A., Ramsey, D.W., MacLeod, N.S., Sherrod, D.R., Chitwood, L.A., and Jensen, R.A., 2013, Database for the Geologic Map of Newberry Volcano, Deschutes, Klamath, and Lake Counties, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 771, HTML Document, Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds771.","productDescription":"HTML Document, Database","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273533,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds771.png"},{"id":273532,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/771/database/index.html"},{"id":273531,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/771/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Deschutes County, Klamath County, Lake County","otherGeospatial":"Newberry Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.5,43.5 ], [ -121.5,44.0 ], [ -121.0,44.0 ], [ -121.0,43.5 ], [ -121.5,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6e759e4b0097a7158ab45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bard, Joseph A. 0000-0003-3143-4007 jbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3143-4007","contributorId":5590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bard","given":"Joseph","email":"jbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramsey, David W. 0000-0003-1698-2523 dramsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1698-2523","contributorId":3819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"David","email":"dramsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacLeod, Norman S.","contributorId":13643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacLeod","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chitwood, Lawrence A.","contributorId":54655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chitwood","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jensen, Robert A.","contributorId":35469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7134,"text":"USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":479551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70046339,"text":"sir20135013 - 2013 - A national streamflow network gap analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-10T09:29:21","indexId":"sir20135013","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5013","title":"A national streamflow network gap analysis","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a gap analysis to evaluate how well the USGS streamgage network meets a variety of needs, focusing on the ability to calculate various statistics at locations that have streamgages (gaged) and that do not have streamgages (ungaged). This report presents the results of analysis to determine where there are gaps in the network of gaged locations, how accurately desired statistics can be calculated with a given length of record, and whether the current network allows for estimation of these statistics at ungaged locations.  The analysis indicated that there is variability across the Nation’s streamflow data-collection network in terms of the spatial and temporal coverage of streamgages. In general, the Eastern United States has better coverage than the Western United States. The arid Southwestern United States, Alaska, and Hawaii were observed to have the poorest spatial coverage, using the dataset assembled for this study. Except in Hawaii, these areas also tended to have short streamflow records. Differences in hydrology lead to differences in the uncertainty of statistics calculated in different regions of the country. Arid and semiarid areas of the Central and Southwestern United States generally exhibited the highest levels of interannual variability in flow, leading to larger uncertainty in flow statistics.  At ungaged locations, information can be transferred from nearby streamgages if there is sufficient similarity between the gaged watersheds and the ungaged watersheds of interest. Areas where streamgages exhibit high correlation are most likely to be suitable for this type of information transfer. The areas with the most highly correlated streamgages appear to coincide with mountainous areas of the United States. Lower correlations are found in the Central United States and coastal areas of the Southeastern United States. Information transfer from gaged basins to ungaged basins is also most likely to be successful when basin attributes show high similarity. At the scale of the analysis completed in this study, the attributes of basins upstream of USGS streamgages cover the full range of basin attributes observed at potential locations of interest fairly well. Some exceptions included very high or very low elevation areas and very arid areas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Kiang, J.E., Stewart, D.W., Archfield, S.A., Osborne, E.B., and Eng, K., 2013, A national streamflow network gap analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5013, Report: ix, 82 p.; 1 Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135013.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 82 p.; 1 Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135013.gif"},{"id":273471,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5013/sir2013-5013_app1_final.xlsx"},{"id":273469,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5013/pdf/sir2013-5013.pdf"},{"id":273470,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5013/"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 144.61,13.23 ], [ 144.61,71.83 ], [ -65.22,71.83 ], [ -65.22,13.23 ], [ 144.61,13.23 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6e750e4b0097a7158ab2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kiang, Julie E. 0000-0003-0653-4225 jkiang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-4225","contributorId":2179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiang","given":"Julie","email":"jkiang@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, David W. dwstewar@usgs.gov","contributorId":2390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"David","email":"dwstewar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Archfield, Stacey A. 0000-0002-9011-3871 sarch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-3871","contributorId":1874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archfield","given":"Stacey","email":"sarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Osborne, Emily B.","contributorId":101971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osborne","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eng, Ken","contributorId":89480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eng","given":"Ken","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70046250,"text":"sir20135021 - 2013 - Concentration, flux, and the analysis of trends of total and dissolved phosphorus, total nitrogen, and chloride in 18 tributaries to Lake Champlain, Vermont and New York, 1990–2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-13T16:16:58","indexId":"sir20135021","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5021","title":"Concentration, flux, and the analysis of trends of total and dissolved phosphorus, total nitrogen, and chloride in 18 tributaries to Lake Champlain, Vermont and New York, 1990–2011","docAbstract":"Annual concentration, flux, and yield for total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, total nitrogen, and chloride for 18 tributaries to Lake Champlain were estimated for 1990 through 2011 using a weighted regression method based on time, tributary streamflows (discharges), and seasonal factors. The weighted regression method generated two series of daily estimates of flux and concentration during the period of record: one based on observed discharges and a second based on a flow-normalization procedure that removes random variation due to year-to-year climate-driven effects. The flownormalized estimate for a given date is similar to an average estimate of concentration or flux that would be made if all of the observed discharges for that date were equally likely to have occurred. The flux bias statistic showed that 68 of the 72 flux regression models were minimally biased. Temporal trends in the concentrations and fluxes were determined by calculating percent changes in flow-normalized annual fluxes for the full period of analysis (1990 through 2010) and for the decades 1990–2000 and 2000–2010.  Basinwide, flow-normalized total phosphorus flux decreased by 42 metric tons per year (t/yr) between 1990 and 2010. This net result reflects a basinwide decrease in flux of 21 metric tons (t) between 1990 and 2000, followed by a decrease of 20 t between 2000 and 2010; both results were largely influenced by flux patterns in the large tributaries on the eastern side of the basin. A comparison of results for total phosphorus for the two separate decades of analysis found that more tributaries had decreasing concentrations and flux rates in the second decade than the first.  An overall reduction in dissolved phosphorus flux of 0.7 t/yr was seen in the Lake Champlain Basin during the full period of analysis. That very small net change in flux reflects substantial reductions between 1990 and 2000 from eastern tributaries, especially in Otter Creek and the LaPlatte and Winooski Rivers that largely were offset by increases in the Missisquoi and Saranac Rivers in the second decade (between 2000 and 2010). The number of tributaries that had increases in dissolved phosphorus concentrations stayed constant at 13 or 14 during the period of analysis.  Total nitrogen concentration and flux for most of the monitored tributaries in the Lake Champlain Basin have decreased since 1990. Between 1990 and 2010, flow-normalized total nitrogen flux decreased by 386 t/yr, which reflects an increase of 440 t/yr between 1990 and 2000 and a decrease of 826 t/yr between 2000 and 2010. All individual tributaries except the Winooski River had decreases in total nitrogen concentration and flux between 2000 and 2010. The decrease in total nitrogen flux over the period of record could be related to the decrease in nitrogen from atmospheric deposition observed in Vermont or to concurrent benefits realized from the implementation of agricultural best-management practices in the Lake Champlain Basin that were designed primarily to reduce phosphorus runoff.  For chloride, large increases in flow-normalized concentrations and flux between 1990 and 2000 for 17 of the 18 tributaries diminished to small increases or decreases between 2000 and 2010. Between 1990 and 2010, flow-normalized flux increased by 32,225 t/yr, 78 percent of which (25,163 t) was realized during the first decade, from 1990 through 2000. The five tributaries that had decreasing concentration and flux of chloride between 2000 and 2010 were all on the eastern side of Lake Champlain, possibly related to reductions since 1999 in winter road salt application in Vermont.  Positive correlations of phosphorus flux and changes in phosphorus concentration and flux in tributaries with phosphorus inputs to basins from point sources, suggest that point sources have an effect on stream phosphorus chemistry. Several measures of changes in agricultural statistics, such as agricultural land use, acres of land in farms, acres of cropland, and acres of corn for grain or seed, are positively correlated with changes in phosphorus concentration or flux in the tributaries. Negative correlations of the amount of money spent on agricultural best-management practices with changes in phosphorus concentration or flux in the tributaries, suggest that best-management practices may be an effective tool, along with point-source reductions, in making progress towards management goals for phosphorus reductions in Lake Champlain.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135021","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Medalie, L., 2013, Concentration, flux, and the analysis of trends of total and dissolved phosphorus, total nitrogen, and chloride in 18 tributaries to Lake Champlain, Vermont and New York, 1990–2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5021, Report: vi, 31 p.; 8 Appendicies, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135021.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 31 p.; 8 Appendicies","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135021.gif"},{"id":273156,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5021/"},{"id":273157,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5021/pdf/sir2013-5021_report_508.pdf"},{"id":273158,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5021/appendix/sir_appendix6_final052813.xlsx"},{"id":273159,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5021/appendix/sir_appendix4_052413.pdf"},{"id":273161,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5021/appendix/sir_appendix8_052413.pdf"},{"id":283965,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5021/appendix/sir_appendix7_05282013.pdf"},{"id":283964,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5021/appendix/sir_appendix5_052413.pdf"},{"id":283968,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5021/appendix/sir_appendix2_final041813.xlsx"},{"id":283971,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5021/appendix/sir_appendix3_052813.pdf"},{"id":283967,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5021/appendix/sir_appendix1_final041813.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York;Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Lake Champlain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.7081,43.5785 ], [ -73.7081,45.0891 ], [ -72.8948,45.0891 ], [ -72.8948,43.5785 ], [ -73.7081,43.5785 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b2f2d2e4b01368e589e3b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Medalie, Laura 0000-0002-2440-2149 lmedalie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-2149","contributorId":3657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medalie","given":"Laura","email":"lmedalie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046296,"text":"70046296 - 2013 - Ecology of potential West Nile virus vectors in southeastern Louisiana: enzootic transmission in the relative absence of Culex quinquefasciatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T13:50:31","indexId":"70046296","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":733,"text":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecology of potential West Nile virus vectors in southeastern Louisiana: enzootic transmission in the relative absence of Culex quinquefasciatus","docAbstract":"A study of West Nile virus (WNV) ecology was conducted in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, from 2002 to 2004. Mosquitoes were collected weekly throughout the year using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps placed at 1.5 and 6 m above the ground and gravid traps. A total of 379,466 mosquitoes was collected. WNV was identified in 32 pools of mosquitoes comprising four species; 23 positive pools were from Culex nigripalpus collected during 2003. Significantly more positive pools were obtained from Cx. nigripalpus collected in traps placed at 6 m than 1.5 m that year, but abundance did not differ by trap height. In contrast, Cx. nigripalpus abundance was significantly greater in traps placed at 6 m in 2002 and 2004. Annual temporal variation in Cx. nigripalpus peak seasonal abundance has important implications for WNV transmission in Louisiana. One WNV-positive pool, from Cx. erraticus, was collected during the winter of 2004, showing year-round transmission. The potential roles of additional mosquito species in WNV transmission in southeastern Louisiana are discussed.\n\nDisclaimer: The opinions expressed in this article are the opinions of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This article has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with U.S. Geological Survey Fundamental Science Practices (http//pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1367/). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.12-0109","usgsCitation":"Godsey, M.S., King, R.J., Burkhalter, K., Delorey, M., Colton, L., Charnetzky, D., Sutherland, G., Ezenwa, V.O., Wilson, L.A., Coffey, M., Milheim, L., Taylor, V.G., Palmisano, C., Wesson, D.M., and Guptill, S., 2013, Ecology of potential West Nile virus vectors in southeastern Louisiana: enzootic transmission in the relative absence of Culex quinquefasciatus: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, v. 88, no. 5, p. 986-996, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.12-0109.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"986","endPage":"996","ipdsId":"IP-043402","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.12-0109","text":"External Repository"},{"id":273324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273323,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.12-0109"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.0434,28.9254 ], [ -94.0434,33.0195 ], [ -88.8162,33.0195 ], [ -88.8162,28.9254 ], [ -94.0434,28.9254 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"88","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b058f4e4b030b5197ffbb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godsey, Marvin S. Jr.","contributorId":66992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godsey","given":"Marvin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Raymond J.","contributorId":56957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burkhalter, Kristen","contributorId":93800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhalter","given":"Kristen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Delorey, Mark","contributorId":25846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delorey","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Colton, Leah","contributorId":40112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colton","given":"Leah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Charnetzky, Dawn","contributorId":47274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charnetzky","given":"Dawn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sutherland, Genevieve","contributorId":82205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutherland","given":"Genevieve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ezenwa, Vanessa O.","contributorId":96179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ezenwa","given":"Vanessa","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wilson, Lawrence A.","contributorId":92568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Coffey, Michelle","contributorId":79387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffey","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Milheim, Lesley E.","contributorId":100951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milheim","given":"Lesley E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Taylor, Viki G.","contributorId":49259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Viki","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Palmisano, Charles","contributorId":28885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmisano","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Wesson, Dawn M.","contributorId":79786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesson","given":"Dawn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Guptill, Stephen C.","contributorId":103250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guptill","given":"Stephen C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70046251,"text":"70046251 - 2013 - Flagging versus dragging as sampling methods for nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T14:21:10","indexId":"70046251","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2489,"text":"Journal of Vector Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flagging versus dragging as sampling methods for nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae)","docAbstract":"The nymphal stage of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae), is responsible for most transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, to humans in North America. From 2010 to fall of 2012, we compared two commonly used techniques, flagging and dragging, as sampling methods for nymphal I. scapularis at three sites, each with multiple sampling arrays (grids), in the eastern and central United States. Flagging and dragging collected comparable numbers of nymphs, with no consistent differences between methods. Dragging collected more nymphs than flagging in some samples, but these differences were not consistent among sites or sampling years. The ratio of nymphs collected by flagging vs dragging was not significantly related to shrub density, so habitat type did not have a strong effect on the relative efficacy of these methods. Therefore, although dragging collected more ticks in a few cases, the numbers collected by each method were so variable that neither technique had a clear advantage for sampling nymphal I. scapularis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Vector Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1948-7134.2013.12022.x","usgsCitation":"Rulison, E., Kuczaj, I., Pang, G., Hickling, G., Tsao, J., and Ginsberg, H.S., 2013, Flagging versus dragging as sampling methods for nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae): Journal of Vector Ecology, v. 38, no. 1, p. 163-167, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1948-7134.2013.12022.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"167","ipdsId":"IP-043918","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/pls_facpubs/148","text":"External Repository"},{"id":273251,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273250,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1948-7134.2013.12022.x"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51aefe59e4b08a3322c2c258","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rulison, Eric L.","contributorId":90197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rulison","given":"Eric L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuczaj, Isis","contributorId":87843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuczaj","given":"Isis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pang, Genevieve","contributorId":71087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pang","given":"Genevieve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hickling, Graham J.","contributorId":88639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickling","given":"Graham J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tsao, Jean I.","contributorId":71466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsao","given":"Jean I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ginsberg, Howard S. 0000-0002-4933-2466 hginsberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":3204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"Howard","email":"hginsberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70046263,"text":"ofr20131111 - 2013 - Development of a numerical model to simulate groundwater flow in the shallow aquifer system of Assateague Island, Maryland and Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-17T13:28:28","indexId":"ofr20131111","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1111","title":"Development of a numerical model to simulate groundwater flow in the shallow aquifer system of Assateague Island, Maryland and Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>A three-dimensional groundwater-flow model was developed for Assateague Island in eastern Maryland and Virginia to simulate both groundwater flow and solute (salt) transport to evaluate the groundwater system response to sea-level rise. The model was constructed using geologic and spatial information to represent the island geometry, boundaries, and physical properties and was calibrated using an inverse modeling parameter-estimation technique. An initial transient solute-transport simulation was used to establish the freshwater-saltwater boundary for a final calibrated steady-state model of groundwater flow. This model was developed as part of an ongoing investigation by the U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Change Research and Development Program to improve capabilities for predicting potential climate-change effects and provide the necessary tools for adaptation and mitigation of potentially adverse impacts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131111","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J., Fienen, M., Gesch, D.B., and Carlson, C.S., 2013, Development of a numerical model to simulate groundwater flow in the shallow aquifer system of Assateague Island, Maryland and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1111, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131111.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273221,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131111.gif"},{"id":273217,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1111/pdf/ofr2013-1111_report_508.pdf"},{"id":273216,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1111/"}],"otherGeospatial":"Assateague Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.4376220703125,\n              37.83798775896515\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.34698486328125,\n              38.07620357665235\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.1629638671875,\n              38.35888785866677\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.0421142578125,\n              38.51378825951165\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.00640869140625,\n              38.417014454352035\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.234375,\n              37.898697801966094\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.4376220703125,\n              37.83798775896515\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51aefe58e4b08a3322c2c24c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413 jpmaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":1865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","email":"jpmaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gesch, Dean B. 0000-0002-8992-4933 gesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":2956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"Dean","email":"gesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carlson, Carl S. 0000-0001-7142-3519 cscarlso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7142-3519","contributorId":1694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Carl","email":"cscarlso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70046231,"text":"ofr20131119 - 2013 - Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Fayette and Lycoming Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004–2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T17:34:04","indexId":"ofr20131119","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1119","title":"Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Fayette and Lycoming Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004–2010","docAbstract":"<p>Increased demands for cleaner burning energy, coupled with the relatively recent technological advances in accessing unconventional hydrocarbon-rich geologic formations, have led to an intense effort to find and extract natural gas from various underground sources around the country. One of these sources, the Marcellus Shale, located in the Allegheny Plateau, is currently undergoing extensive drilling and production. The technology used to extract gas in the Marcellus Shale is known as hydraulic fracturing and has garnered much attention because of its use of large amounts of fresh water, its use of proprietary fluids for the hydraulic-fracturing process, its potential to release contaminants into the environment, and its potential effect on water resources. Nonetheless, development of natural gas extraction wells in the Marcellus Shale is only part of the overall natural gas story in this area of Pennsylvania. Conventional natural gas wells, which sometimes use the same technique, are commonly located in the same general area as the Marcellus Shale and are frequently developed in clusters across the landscape. The combined effects of these two natural gas extraction methods create potentially serious patterns of disturbance on the landscape. This document quantifies the landscape changes and consequences of natural gas extraction for Fayette County and Lycoming County in Pennsylvania between 2004 and 2010. Patterns of landscape disturbance related to natural gas extraction activities were collected and digitized using National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery for 2004, 2005/2006, 2008, and 2010. The disturbance patterns were then used to measure changes in land cover and land use using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) of 2001. A series of landscape metrics is also used to quantify these changes and is included in this publication.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131119","usgsCitation":"Slonecker, E., Milheim, L., Roig-Silva, C., Malizia, A., and Gillenwater, B., 2013, Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Fayette and Lycoming Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1119, v, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131119.","productDescription":"v, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273109,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131119.gif"},{"id":273106,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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A.R.","contributorId":98991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malizia","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gillenwater, B.H.","contributorId":20635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillenwater","given":"B.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70124387,"text":"70124387 - 2013 - Estimating wildfire risk on a Mojave Desert landscape using remote sensing and field sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-11T14:09:12","indexId":"70124387","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T14:02:58","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating wildfire risk on a Mojave Desert landscape using remote sensing and field sampling","docAbstract":"Predicting wildfires that affect broad landscapes is important for allocating suppression resources and guiding land management. Wildfire prediction in the south-western United States is of specific concern because of the increasing prevalence and severe effects of fire on desert shrublands and the current lack of accurate fire prediction tools. We developed a fire risk model to predict fire occurrence in a north-eastern Mojave Desert landscape. First we developed a spatial model using remote sensing data to predict fuel loads based on field estimates of fuels. We then modelled fire risk (interactions of fuel characteristics and environmental conditions conducive to wildfire) using satellite imagery, our model of fuel loads, and spatial data on ignition potential (lightning strikes and distance to roads), topography (elevation and aspect) and climate (maximum and minimum temperatures). The risk model was developed during a fire year at our study landscape and validated at a nearby landscape; model performance was accurate and similar at both sites. This study demonstrates that remote sensing techniques used in combination with field surveys can accurately predict wildfire risk in the Mojave Desert and may be applicable to other arid and semiarid lands where wildfires are prevalent.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","publisherLocation":"Collingwood, Victoria, Australia","doi":"10.1071/WF12158","usgsCitation":"Van Linn, P.F., Nussear, K.E., Esque, T., DeFalco, L., Inman, R., and Abella, S.R., 2013, Estimating wildfire risk on a Mojave Desert landscape using remote sensing and field sampling: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 22, no. 6, p. 770-779, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF12158.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"770","endPage":"779","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-034987","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293765,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293754,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF12158"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.7817,35.8257 ], [ -115.7817,37.2075 ], [ -113.7586,37.2075 ], [ -113.7586,35.8257 ], [ -115.7817,35.8257 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"22","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5412b9a8e4b0239f1986ba62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Linn, Peter F. III","contributorId":24708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Linn","given":"Peter","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nussear, Kenneth E. knussear@usgs.gov","contributorId":2695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nussear","given":"Kenneth","email":"knussear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":3221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeFalco, Lesley A.","contributorId":42270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFalco","given":"Lesley A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Inman, Richard D.","contributorId":91201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inman","given":"Richard D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Abella, Scott R.","contributorId":103940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abella","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70046975,"text":"70046975 - 2013 - Global climate change impacts on coastal ecosystems in the Gulf of Mexico: Considerations for integrated coastal management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-01T10:58:31","indexId":"70046975","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"14","title":"Global climate change impacts on coastal ecosystems in the Gulf of Mexico: Considerations for integrated coastal management","docAbstract":"Global climate change is important in considerations of integrated coastal management in the Gulf of Mexico. This is true for a number of reasons. Climate in the Gulf spans the range from tropical to the lower part of the temperate zone. Thus, as climate warms, the tropical temperate interface, which is currently mostly offshore in the Gulf of Mexico, will increasingly move over the coastal zone of the northern and eastern parts of the Gulf. Currently, this interface is located in South Florida and around the US-Mexico border in the Texas-Tamaulipas region. Maintaining healthy coastal ecosystems is important because they will be more resistant to climate change.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Gulf of Mexico origin, waters, and biota, volume 4: Ecosystem-based management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M University Press","publisherLocation":"College Station","isbn":"9781603447768","usgsCitation":"Day, J., Yáñez-Arancibia, A., Cowan, J., Day, R.H., Twilley, R.R., and Rybczyk, J.R., 2013, Global climate change impacts on coastal ecosystems in the Gulf of Mexico: Considerations for integrated coastal management, chap. 14 <i>of</i> Gulf of Mexico origin, waters, and biota, volume 4: Ecosystem-based management, v. 4, p. 253-271.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"271","ipdsId":"IP-021313","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278640,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida;Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.75,17.94 ], [ -98.75,30.96 ], [ -79.5,30.96 ], [ -79.5,17.94 ], [ -98.75,17.94 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5274cd7de4b089748f072430","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, John W.","contributorId":26215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"John W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yáñez-Arancibia, Alejandro","contributorId":93807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yáñez-Arancibia","given":"Alejandro","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cowan, James H.","contributorId":11500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowan","given":"James H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Day, Richard H. 0000-0002-5959-7054 dayr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-7054","contributorId":2427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Richard","email":"dayr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Twilley, Robert R.","contributorId":34585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Twilley","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":480775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rybczyk, John R.","contributorId":55729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybczyk","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70047346,"text":"70047346 - 2013 - Use of soil-streamwater relationships to assess regional patterns of acidic deposition effects in the northeastern USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T11:32:46","indexId":"70047346","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T13:05:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of soil-streamwater relationships to assess regional patterns of acidic deposition effects in the northeastern USA","docAbstract":"<p>Declines of acidic deposition levels by as much as 50% since 1990 have led to partial recovery of surface waters in the northeastern USA but continued depletion of soil calcium through this same period suggests a disconnection between soil and surface water chemistry. To investigate the role of soil-surface water interactions in recovery from acidification, the first regional survey to directly relate soil chemistry to stream chemistry during high flow was implemented in a 4144-km<sup>2</sup> area of the Catskill region of New York, where acidic deposition levels are among the highest in the East.</p><p>More than 40% of 95 streams sampled in the southern Catskill Mountains were determined to be acidified and had inorganic monomeric aluminum concentrations that exceeded a threshold that is toxic to aquatic biota. More than 80% likely exceeded this threshold during the highest flows, but less than 10% of more than 100 streams sampled were acidified in the northwestern portion of the region. Median Oa horizon soil base saturation ranged from 50% to 80% at 200 sites across the region, but median base saturation in the upper 10 cm of the B horizon was less than 20% across the region and was only 2% in the southern area. Aluminum is likely to be interfering with root uptake of calcium in the mineral horizon in approximately half the sampled watersheds. Stream chemistry was highly variable over the Catskill region and, therefore, did not always reflect the calcium depletion of the B horizon that our sampling suggested was nearly ubiquitous throughout the region. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.9903","usgsCitation":"Siemion, J., Lawrence, G.B., and Murdoch, P.S., 2013, Use of soil-streamwater relationships to assess regional patterns of acidic deposition effects in the northeastern USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 28, no. 10, p. 3615-3626, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9903.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3615","endPage":"3626","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-035007","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275728,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275706,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9903"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Catskill Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.455,41.7597 ], [ -75.455,42.7497 ], [ -73.8393,42.7497 ], [ -73.8393,41.7597 ], [ -75.455,41.7597 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"28","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51fbca85e4b04b00e3d8913b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siemion, Jason jsiemion@usgs.gov","contributorId":3011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siemion","given":"Jason","email":"jsiemion@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S. 0000-0001-9243-505X pmurdoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9243-505X","contributorId":2453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter","email":"pmurdoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048869,"text":"70048869 - 2013 - Chronology of tectonic, geomorphic, and volcanic interactions and the tempo of fault slip near Little Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-05T15:21:13.58983","indexId":"70048869","displayToPublicDate":"2013-06-01T12:43:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronology of tectonic, geomorphic, and volcanic interactions and the tempo of fault slip near Little Lake, California","docAbstract":"New geochronologic and geomorphic constraints on the Little Lake fault in the Eastern California shear zone reveal steady, modest rates of dextral slip during and since the mid-to-late Pleistocene. We focus on a suite of offset fluvial landforms in the Pleistocene Owens River channel that formed in response to periodic interaction with nearby basalt flows, thereby recording displacement over multiple time intervals. Overlap between <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages for the youngest intracanyon basalt flow and <sup>10</sup>Be surface exposure dating of downstream terrace surfaces suggests widespread channel incision during a prominent outburst flood through the Little Lake channel at ca. 64 ka. Older basalt flows flanking the upper and lower canyon margins indicate localization of the Owens River in its current position between 212 ± 14 and 197 ± 11 ka. Coupled with terrestrial light detection and ranging (lidar) and digital topographic measurements of dextral offset, the revised Little Lake chronology indicates average dextral slip rates of at least ∼0.6–0.7 mm/yr and <1.3 mm/yr over intervals ranging from ∼10<sup>4</sup> to 10<sup>5</sup> yr. Despite previous geodetic observations of relatively rapid interseismic strain along the Little Lake fault, we find no evidence for sustained temporal fluctuations in slip rates over multiple earthquake cycles. Instead, our results indicate that accelerated fault loading may be transient over much shorter periods (∼10<sup>1</sup> yr) and perhaps indicative of time-dependent seismic hazard associated with Eastern California shear zone faults.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B30803.1","usgsCitation":"Amos, C.B., Brownlee, S.J., Rood, S.H., Fisher, G.B., Burgmann, R., Renne, P., and Jayko, A.S., 2013, Chronology of tectonic, geomorphic, and volcanic interactions and the tempo of fault slip near Little Lake, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 125, no. 7-8, p. 1187-1202, https://doi.org/10.1130/B30803.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1187","endPage":"1202","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044875","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278980,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Little Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.926741,35.916614 ], [ -117.926741,35.956614 ], [ -117.886741,35.956614 ], [ -117.886741,35.916614 ], [ -117.926741,35.916614 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"125","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527e5867e4b02d2057dd95c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amos, Colin B.","contributorId":62127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amos","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brownlee, Sarah J.","contributorId":72697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownlee","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rood, Sylan H.","contributorId":17906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rood","given":"Sylan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, G. 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