Increasing demands for irrigating additional lands and proposals to divert water from the Yakima River by water users downstream from the Yakima Indian Reservation have made an accounting of water availability important for present-day water management in the Toppenish Creek basin. A digital model was constructed and calibrated for the Toppenish alluvial aquifer to help fulfill this need. The average difference between observed and model-calculated aquifer heads was about 4 feet. Results of model analysis show that the net gain from the Yakima River to the aquifer is 90 cubic feet per second, and the net loss from the aquifer to Toppenish Creek is 137 cubic feet per second. Water-level declines of about 5 feet were calculated for an area near Toppenish in response to a hypothetical tenfold increase in 1974 pumping rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81425","usgsCitation":"Bolke, E., and Skrivan, J.A., 1981, Digital-model simulation of the Toppenish alluvial aquifer, Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-425, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81425.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":363670,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0425/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0425/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakima Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.73013305664062,\n 46.292866664344295\n ],\n [\n -120.11215209960938,\n 46.292866664344295\n ],\n [\n -120.11215209960938,\n 46.57774276255591\n ],\n [\n -120.73013305664062,\n 46.57774276255591\n ],\n [\n -120.73013305664062,\n 46.292866664344295\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64acfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolke, E.L.","contributorId":52151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolke","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skrivan, James A.","contributorId":106869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skrivan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10954,"text":"ofr81447 - 1981 - Geophysical profile data processing programs for the Hewlett Packard model 2647A graphics terminal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:28","indexId":"ofr81447","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-447","title":"Geophysical profile data processing programs for the Hewlett Packard model 2647A graphics terminal","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81447","usgsCitation":"Sadek, H., Flanigan, V.J., and Kakatsakis, G., 1981, Geophysical profile data processing programs for the Hewlett Packard model 2647A graphics terminal: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-447, 38 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81447.","productDescription":"38 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0447/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38730,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0447/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8504","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sadek, Hamdy","contributorId":97491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sadek","given":"Hamdy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flanigan, Vincent J.","contributorId":37735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanigan","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kakatsakis, George","contributorId":84378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kakatsakis","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":11441,"text":"ofr81681 - 1981 - Computer simulation of the steady-state flow system of the Tertiary limestone (Floridan) aquifer system in east-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:33","indexId":"ofr81681","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-681","title":"Computer simulation of the steady-state flow system of the Tertiary limestone (Floridan) aquifer system in east-central Florida","docAbstract":"The predevelopment steady-state ground-water flow system for 13 ,700 square miles of the Tertiary limestone aquifer system (known as the Florida aquifer in Florida) in east-central Florida is simulated by means of a digital computer model. The model results indicate that about 1,900 cubic feet per second recharges the aquifer as downward leakage from the surficial aquifer. The average recharge rate where recharge actually occurs (approximately 6,550 square miles) is about 4 inches per year. The maximum recharge rate is about 14 inches per year. An additional 21 cubic feet per second is recharged to the modeled area of the aquifer by means of lateral boundary inflow along the northeast boundary. The Floridan aquifer system, as simulated, discharges 1,300 cubic feet per second as springflow, 540 cubic feet per second as diffuse upward leakage to the surficial aquifer in an area of approximately 7,150 square miles and 81 cubic feet per second as lateral boundary outflow to the southwest and to the east. The average transmissivity of the upper unit of the aquifer, as simulated, is about 120,000 square feet per day while that for the lower unit is about 60,000 square feet per day. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81681","usgsCitation":"Tibbals, C.H., 1981, Computer simulation of the steady-state flow system of the Tertiary limestone (Floridan) aquifer system in east-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-681, v, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81681.","productDescription":"v, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39290,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39291,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39292,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39293,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39294,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39295,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39296,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39297,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39298,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7667","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tibbals, C. H.","contributorId":76316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbals","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9827,"text":"ofr81359 - 1981 - A manual of modified analytical procedures for conventional rock analysis","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9827,"text":"ofr81359 - 1981 - A manual of modified analytical procedures for conventional rock analysis","indexId":"ofr81359","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"A manual of modified analytical procedures for conventional rock analysis"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":34855,"text":"b1547 - 1983 - The classical chemical analysis of silicate rocks; the old and the new","indexId":"b1547","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"The classical chemical analysis of silicate rocks; the old and the new"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":34855,"text":"b1547 - 1983 - The classical chemical analysis of silicate rocks; the old and the new","indexId":"b1547","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"The classical chemical analysis of silicate rocks; the old and the new"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-04T17:25:05.930885","indexId":"ofr81359","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-359","title":"A manual of modified analytical procedures for conventional rock analysis","docAbstract":"This manual was written to establish the most accurate analytical methodology for determining the major constituents in silicate rocks. This report describes modified classical procedures for determining the amount of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, FeO, CaO, MgO, H2O-, H2O+, TiO2, P2O5, MnO, CO2, and S in silicate rocks. In the determination of Na2O and K2O, the flame photometer is used. The flame photometer procedure presented in this manual is as accurate and precise as the classical, yet time-consuming, J. Lawrence Smith procedure for the alkalis. Explanations are presented directly under various steps of the procedures explaining the importance of that particular technique and how it affects the accuracy of the analysis.
The alluvial aquifer underlies about 9,000 square miles of the study area. Well yields from the aquifer commonly are from 1,000 to 2,000 gallons per minute. Flow toward the main area of pumping stress is eastward from the Cache River and westward from the St. Francis River. The Memphis aquifer acts as a conduit through Crowleys Ridge for induced flow from the St. Francis River basin to the Cache River basn. Water use from the alluvial aquifer since the early 1900 's has been mostly for rice irrigation. Total pumpage for rice in 1978 was about 1,650 ,000 acre-feet, of which about 88 percent was pumped from the aquifer west of Crowleys Ridge. Water levels in wells west of the ridge in parts of Poinsett, Cross, and Craighead Counties in 1978 were 75 feet below land surface and declining about 2 feet per year. Digital-model analysis indicated that at the end of 1978 water was being removed from aquifer storage at the rate of 540,000 acre-feet per year, and streamflow, mostly from the Cache River and Bayou DeView, was being captured at the rate of 430,000 acre-feet per year. Projecting the 1978 pumping rate of 1,460,000 acre-feet per year, the pumping rate would have to be reduced by about 110,000 acre-feet per year by 1990 to sustain sufficient aquifer saturation for water needs through the year 2000 in all parts of Poinsett, Craighead, and Cross Counties west of Crowleys Ridge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81476","usgsCitation":"Broom, M.E., and Lyford, F.P., 1981, Alluvial aquifer of the Cache and St. Francis River basins, northeastern Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-476, vii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81476.","productDescription":"vii, 55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":35635,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0476/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":404886,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75496.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":142195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0476/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Cache and St. Francis River basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -89.6483,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -89.6483,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -92,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -92,\n 33.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db6875c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Broom, Matthew E.","contributorId":101668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broom","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyford, Forest P.","contributorId":43334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyford","given":"Forest","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":8070,"text":"ofr811314 - 1981 - Tabulation of the ostracode assemblages and associated organisms from selected bottom grab samples taken in the northeast Gulf of Alaska, F.R.S. Townsend Cromwell Cruise IGAL-75-KC, 1975","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-13T21:47:42.008958","indexId":"ofr811314","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1314","title":"Tabulation of the ostracode assemblages and associated organisms from selected bottom grab samples taken in the northeast Gulf of Alaska, F.R.S. Townsend Cromwell Cruise IGAL-75-KC, 1975","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting studies of the Alaskan continental shelf, identifying areas and processes of geological hazard that may affect resource development offshore. These hazards include areas of rapid accumulation of unconsolidated sediment, areas of intense erosional activity, and regions of submarine sliding and slumping; shallow faults are also being identified and classified.
The region of concern in this report is the continental shelf of the Northeast Gulf of Alaska, between Montague Island (longitude 148° W.) and Icy Bay (longitude 141° W.), figs. 2 and 3. During 1975, nearly 350 bottom grab samples were collected from this region by the Fisheries Research Ship Townsend Cromwell. These samples formed the basis for the initial characterization of the surface deposits.
Four major sedimentary units were defined on the basis of the bottom grab samples and seismic data (fig. 1) (Carlson and Molnia, 1977; Molnia and Carlson, 1978). These units are (1) Holocene glacial—marine sediments (normal marine deposition), (2) Holocene morainal deposits, (3) Quaternary glacial—marine sediments, and (4) Pleistocene and older lithified sediments. Each of these sedimentary units is in turn composed of various facies defined by lithological, structural, and biological parameters (Molnia and Carlson, 1980).
As part of the Northeast Gulf of Alaska project, I am examining the ostracode assemblages occurring in the Cromwell bottom grab samples. This report provides a tabulation of the fauna and flora contained in 102 selected bottom grab samples (figs. 2 and 3). A baseline datum is being established of the environmental factors that significantly control or contribute to the distributional patterns of modern ostracode species occurring in the Gulf of Alaska. The ostracode biofacies defined by characteristic assemblages of species, together with information on the sedimentary facies, provides a model of the environments presently occurring in the Gulf of Alaska, (Brouwers, 1981). This model forms a vital basis for the interpretation of Neogene and Quaternary glaciomarine environments in the Gulf of Alaska Tertiary Province.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr811314","usgsCitation":"Brouwers, E.M., 1981, Tabulation of the ostracode assemblages and associated organisms from selected bottom grab samples taken in the northeast Gulf of Alaska, F.R.S. Townsend Cromwell Cruise IGAL-75-KC, 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1314, 134 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811314.","productDescription":"134 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":426610,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1314/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142283,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1314/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Northeast Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.4791393593821,\n 60.794252191579886\n ],\n [\n -148.4791393593821,\n 59.74908210057842\n ],\n [\n -141.16803731311612,\n 59.74908210057842\n ],\n [\n -141.16803731311612,\n 60.794252191579886\n ],\n [\n -148.4791393593821,\n 60.794252191579886\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db6875ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brouwers, Elisabeth M. brouwers@usgs.gov","contributorId":190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brouwers","given":"Elisabeth","email":"brouwers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":157095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9487,"text":"ofr81272 - 1981 - Composition of tidal flat sediments, Willapa Bay, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T19:12:41.975578","indexId":"ofr81272","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-272","title":"Composition of tidal flat sediments, Willapa Bay, Washington","docAbstract":"The purpose of this study was to characterize the modern sediments of sandy tidal flats in Willapa Bay, Washington based on their composition.
Generally, clay comprises less than five percent of the sediment. Clay content increases upslope and up-estuary. Principal clay minerals are montmorillanite, illite, and chlorite; two clay mineral suites are present: (1) muddy flat suite with clay containing 44% montmorillonite, and (2) sandy flat suite with clay composition of 88% montmorillonite.
Heavy minerals make up approximately four percent of the tidal flat sediment. Distribution of heavy minerals reflect their source with (1) heavy minerals most abundant near the beach on flats to the north where they were eroded out of terrace deposits, and (2) relatively greater heavy mineral concentrations (supplied by the Naselle River) across the entire flat to the south. The composition of the heavy mineral suite is mainly clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, hornblende, epidote, and opaque minerals. This mineral suite represents several sources including rivers, ocean and ocean beaches, and reworked local Tertiary and Quaternary deposits.
Tidal flat sediments are approximately 90% light minerals, mostly quartz. The light fraction also contains small quantities of lithic fragments, pumice, vegetation, and biogenic shell fragments. Tertiary and Quaternary terrace deposits are the major source of most of the light material.
Fossils make up less than one percent of the bottom sediment. Two foram assemblages are present: (1) a modern shallow-water assemblage characterized by Trochammina inflata, found mainly in muddy flats near rivers, and (2) a relic deep-water assemblage (Eocene to Cretaceous) characterized by such species as Bathysiphon and Cyclammina found predominantly on the sandy flats. Macrofossils consists of shells of the modern tidal flat mollusc assemblage.
Organic sediments were mostly carbon (1%). The highest concentrations of organic carbon are associated with muddy sediments near the Palix River and Pickernell Creek; overall, organic carbon concentration increased up-estuary. C/N ratios are transitional between open marine environments and marsh deposits of estuaries.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81272","usgsCitation":"Hill, G.W., and Chinn, J.L., 1981, Composition of tidal flat sediments, Willapa Bay, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-272, iii, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81272.","productDescription":"iii, 49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408910,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0272/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0272/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Willapa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.178466796875,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -123.67309570312499,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -123.67309570312499,\n 46.77184961467733\n ],\n [\n -124.178466796875,\n 46.77184961467733\n ],\n [\n -124.178466796875,\n 46.31658418182218\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8102","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Gary W.","contributorId":56627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chinn, John L.","contributorId":97497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chinn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":159775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10560,"text":"ofr81827 - 1981 - Grain size data compilation and parameters of sediment samples; lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, 1976 through 1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T18:02:00.459383","indexId":"ofr81827","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-827","title":"Grain size data compilation and parameters of sediment samples; lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, 1976 through 1979","docAbstract":"Lower Cook Inlet is the southern part of the large tidal inlet that connects Anchorage with the Pacific Ocean (fig. 1). During the summer field seasons of 1976, 1977, 1978, and 1979, the U.S. Geological Survey under contract with the Bureau of Land Management through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration conducted geo-environmental studies in lower Cook Inlet (note Table 1) (Bouma and Hampton, 1976; Bouma and others, 1978, Hampton and Bouma 1979, 1980).
The USGS research vessel SEA SOUNDER was used to obtain continuous seismic reflection profiles and to collect seafloor sediment samples. In addition, bottom samples were taken by the University of Alaska during benthic biological studies aboard the R/V MOANA WAVE (April 1976) and the NOAA vessel MILLER FREEMAN (October1976, Feder,1977). Textural analyses were carried out on sediment samples taken at 117 station locations. Sample collection was influenced by the nature of the substrate, texture, equipment malfunction and weather. Figure 2 presents a map with station locations. Station locations and other data are tabulated in Appendix I.
A modified Van Veen grab sampler, capable of taking an undisturbed surface sample of 40X60X30 cm was used to collect unconsolidated sediment. In addition, a 3-m gravity corer and a 2-m vibracorer were used at selected sites. The top ten centimeters of each sample were used for grain size analysis. Most samples were taken from bedform fields that occupy much of central lower Cook Inlet. Water depths in the lower inlet range from 40 to 170 m, averaging approximately 70 m. Strong tidal currents are present and surface water velocities of 3-5 knots (150-250 cm/sec) are common during flood and ebb tides (Bouma and Hampton, 1978).
The bottom of central lower Cook Inlet is almost completely covered by sand. Bedrock material can be observed at the seafloor on seismic records in isolated areas. The sand occurs in bedform patterns; textural data are important when determining the relationship between the currents and migrating sand bodies patterns. Immediate and long-term effects of sand movement over and around obstructions placed on the seafloor should be studied to prevent damage or destruction to the sensitive ecosystem of lower Cook Inlet.
This report presents textural grain-size data that have been gathered for lower Cook Inlet samples, the method of collection, and analytical processes. The data in Appendix 2 can be used to compare calculated parameters in order to properly assess the sedimentary environment of lower Cook Inlet.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81827","usgsCitation":"Orlando, R.C., and Martin, A., 1981, Grain size data compilation and parameters of sediment samples; lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, 1976 through 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-827, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81827.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422891,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0827/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142411,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0827/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"lower Cook Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.007354534289,\n 60.206774150854926\n ],\n [\n -153.007354534289,\n 58.78930420832526\n ],\n [\n -151.59863723061684,\n 58.78930420832526\n ],\n [\n -151.59863723061684,\n 60.206774150854926\n ],\n [\n -153.007354534289,\n 60.206774150854926\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db672cfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orlando, Robert C.","contributorId":86220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlando","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Ann","contributorId":96529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10539,"text":"ofr81524 - 1981 - A model of uranium mineralization in the Dripping Spring Quartzite, Gila County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:20","indexId":"ofr81524","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-524","title":"A model of uranium mineralization in the Dripping Spring Quartzite, Gila County, Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81524","usgsCitation":"Nutt, C.J., 1981, A model of uranium mineralization in the Dripping Spring Quartzite, Gila County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-524, iii, 53 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81524.","productDescription":"iii, 53 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0524/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38380,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0524/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nutt, Connie J.","contributorId":82675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nutt","given":"Connie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6433,"text":"pp1143 - 1981 - The sorting and deposition of allochthonous plant material in a modern environment at Silwood Lake, Silwood Park, Berkshire, England","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":40469,"text":"ofr79124 - 1979 - Coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Rock Springs Quadrangle, Sweetwater County, Wyoming","indexId":"ofr79124","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Rock Springs Quadrangle, Sweetwater County, Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6433,"text":"pp1143 - 1981 - The sorting and deposition of allochthonous plant material in a modern environment at Silwood Lake, Silwood Park, Berkshire, England","indexId":"pp1143","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"The sorting and deposition of allochthonous plant material in a modern environment at Silwood Lake, Silwood Park, Berkshire, England"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:55","indexId":"pp1143","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1143","title":"The sorting and deposition of allochthonous plant material in a modern environment at Silwood Lake, Silwood Park, Berkshire, England","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off. :\r\nfor sale by the Supt. of Docs.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1143","usgsCitation":"Spicer, R.A., 1981, The sorting and deposition of allochthonous plant material in a modern environment at Silwood Lake, Silwood Park, Berkshire, England: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1143, 77 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1143.","productDescription":"77 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1143/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33844,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1143/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636463","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spicer, Robert A.","contributorId":80681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5842,"text":"pp1202 - 1981 - Deformation of host rocks and flow of magma during growth of minette dikes and breccia-bearing intrusions near Ship Rock, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:55","indexId":"pp1202","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1202","title":"Deformation of host rocks and flow of magma during growth of minette dikes and breccia-bearing intrusions near Ship Rock, New Mexico","docAbstract":"We have studied a small group of minette dikes and plugs that crop out within a flat-lying sequence of siltstone and shale near Ship Rock, a prominent volcanic throat of tuff breccia in northwestern New Mexico. Seven dikes form a radial pattern about Ship Rock we describe in detail the northeastern dike, which has an outcrop length of about 2,900 m, an average thickness of 2.3 m, and a maximum thickness of 7.2 m. The dike is composed of 35 discrete segments arranged in echelon; orientation. of dike segments ranges systematically from N. 52? E. to N. 66? E. A prominent joint set strikes parallel to the segments and is localized within several tens of meters of the dike. Regional joint patterns display no obvious relation to dike orientation. Small offsets of segment contacts, as well as wedge-shaped bodies of crumpled host rock within segments mark the sites of coalescence of smaller segments during dike growth. Bulges in the dike contact, which represent a nondilational component of growth, indicate that wall rocks were brecciated and eroded during the flow of magma. Breccias make up about 9 percent of the 7,176-m 2 area of the dike, are concentrated in its southwest half, and are commonly associated with its thickest parts. We also describe three subcircular plugs; each plug is smaller than 30 m in diameter, is laterally associated with a dike, and contains abundant breccias. Field evidence indicates that these plugs grew from the dikes by brecciation and erosion of wallrocks and that the bulges in the contact of the northeastern dike represent an initial stage of this process. \r\n\r\nFrom continuum-mechanical models of host-rock deformation, we conclude that dike propagation was the dominant mechanism for creating conduits for magma ascent where the host rock was brittle and elastic. At a given driving pressure, dikes dilate to accept greater volumes of magma than plugs, and for a given dilation, less work is done on the host rocks. In addition, the pressure required for dike growth decreases with dike length. From numerical solutions for dilation of cracks oriented like segments of the northeastern dike, we find that we can best model the form of the dike by treating it as composed of 10 cracks rather than 35. We attribute this result to coalescence of adjacent segments below the present outcrop and to inelastic deformation at segment ends. Using a driving pressure of 2 MPa (20 bars), we estimate a shear modulus of about 10^3 MPa for the host rocks, in agreement with laboratory tests on soft shale. A propagation criterion based on stress intensity at the segment ends indicates a fracture toughness of the host rocks of about 100 MPa-m^? , a hundredfold greater than values reported from laboratory tests. Segmentation of fractures is common in many materials and has been observed during fissure eruptions at Kilauea Volcano in Hawaii. At the northeastern dike, we attribute segmentation to local rotation of the direction of least principal compressive stress. \r\n\r\nFrom continuum-mechanical models of magma and heat flow in idealized conduits, we conclude that magma flows far more rapidly and with less relative heat loss in plugs than in dikes. Although dikes are the preferred form for emplacement, plugs are the preferred form for the flow of magma. We present a numerical solution for volumetric flow rate and wall heat flux for the northeastern dike and find that although the flow rate is extremely sensitive to conduit geometry, the rate of heat loss to wall rocks is not. During emplacement of the northeastern dike, local flow rate increased where wall rocks were eroded and reached a maximum of about 45 times the mean initial rate, whereas the maximum rate of heat loss to wallrocks increased to only 1.6 times the mean initial rate. An inferred progression from continuous magma flow along a dike to flow from a plug agrees well with observations of volcanic eruptions that begin from fissures and later are localized at discrete vents. We","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1202","usgsCitation":"Delaney, P.T., and Pollard, D.D., 1981, Deformation of host rocks and flow of magma during growth of minette dikes and breccia-bearing intrusions near Ship Rock, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1202, 61 p.; 1 plate in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1202.","productDescription":"61 p.; 1 plate in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1202/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32608,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1202/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32609,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1202/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672444","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delaney, Paul T.","contributorId":15195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delaney","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollard, David D.","contributorId":38549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollard","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":7010,"text":"ofr81621 - 1981 - Arctic summary report: Outer Continental Shelf and onshore oil and gas activities and impacts in the Arctic : a summmary report, October 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-08T21:44:18.761965","indexId":"ofr81621","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-621","title":"Arctic summary report: Outer Continental Shelf and onshore oil and gas activities and impacts in the Arctic : a summmary report, October 1981","docAbstract":"Due to the amount of Federal and State oil and gas activity in the Arctic subregion and the need for comprehensive planning, State and local officials requested coverage of all oil and gas activity in the area.
The first lease sale of offshore lands in the Beaufort Sea was held by the State of Alaska in 1969. The leasing process for oil and gas exploration on the Beaufort Sea Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) began in April 1976 with the first Federal lease sale in the subregion (Joint Federal/State Beaufort Sea Lease Sale) held in 1979. This sale was held jointly by the Department of the Interior and the State of Alaska because of conflicting jurisdictional claims to certain tracts in the sale area. The jurisdictional dispute will be resolved by the U.S. Supreme Court, but a decision is not expected for several years. The joint sale was held on December 11, 1979. However, bids on the Federal tracts were not accepted until July 1980 because of litigation. Of the 117 tracts offered, 86 were leased as a result of the sale. Of these 86 tracts, 24 are federally managed and 62 are State-managed.
Two exploration plans have been submitted for the federally managed joint lease sale (Sale BF) area. Both plans call for building a gravel island and exploratory drilling of several tracts, but no drilling permits have yet been filed. Three exploratory wells have been drilled on or into State-managed tracts. These include one well drilled directionally into Tract 75, one into Tract 76, and one well drilled from Challenge Island, a natural barrier island. Additional exploratory wells are planned for the 1981-82 drilling season on State-managed tracts.
The next OCS sale in the Beaufort Sea, Lease Sale 71, is proposed for September 1982. The first two sales in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska are being planned for December 1981 and the late spring or early summer of 1982 and will involve a total of 2 million acres (809,200 hectares). In anticipation of future leasing, plans for geophysical surveys in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge are also being formulated.
Four State lease sales have been held in the Arctic, in addition to the Joint Federal/State Lease Sale. These onshore sales have resulted in the leasing of lands on which a number of commercial discoveries have been made, including the discovery of the largest hydrocarbon accumulation in North America at Prudhoe Bay. Exploration, development, and production are continuing on these State lands. The State of Alaska has plans for three future lease sales in the Arctic to be held in the spring of 1982 and 1983 and the fall of 1984. Leasing and exploration are also under way on Arctic Slope Regional Corporation lands.
Transportation systems in the Arctic have been developed to accommodate production on State lands. Some of the production from OCS tracts, as well as other Arctic lands, may be handled by the existing Trans-Alaska Pipeline System. However, a number of additional transportation strategies are being considered, including the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System, additional oil pipelines, and tanker transport. The pace of oil and gas production in the Arctic will depend in part on the number and type of transportation modes available.
The support bases at Prudhoe Bay are expected to be used to some extent for future activities on the OCS. However, expanded and new facilities will also be required, depending on the location of discoveries on the OCS and on other Arctic lands. The impacts resulting from OCS activities in the Arctic will be particularly important because of their contribution to the regionwide and cumulative impacts arising from Federal onshore, State, and regional corporation oil and gas exploration, development, and production in the Arctic.
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near the San Andreas Fault in central California (PB3)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T22:32:00.674663","indexId":"ofr81940","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-940","title":"A crustal deformation observatory near the San Andreas Fault in central California (PB3)","docAbstract":"This final technical report discusses several objectives and accomplishments of the first years effort of a project titled A Crustal Deformation Observatory Near the San Andreas Fault in Central California. This period saw the conclusion of the Hollister MWDM effort that has produced nearly continuous, high precision, line length measurements for the last 5 years. The establishment of an observatory similar to that used during the Hollister MWDM effort is underway near San Juan Bautista and both high precision vertical and horizontal measurements will commence in the near future. An interim measurement program was begun near Palmdale in Southern California during October 1980 and is continuing at the present time. Extensive electronic modification to the MWDM instrument has also been successfully completed during this reporting period. Each of these efforts will be discussed in more detail in the following sections of this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81940","usgsCitation":"Slater, L.E., 1981, A crustal deformation observatory near the San Andreas Fault in central California (PB3): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-940, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81940.","productDescription":"18 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":425676,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0940/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145751,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0940/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"central California, San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.15589944621121,\n 37.03445851367053\n ],\n [\n -122.15589944621121,\n 36.489239553685735\n ],\n [\n -121.08016016057879,\n 36.489239553685735\n ],\n [\n -121.08016016057879,\n 37.03445851367053\n ],\n [\n -122.15589944621121,\n 37.03445851367053\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af6a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slater, Larry E.","contributorId":75944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4716,"text":"twri07C3 - 1981 - A model for simulation of flow in singular and interconnected channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:32","indexId":"twri07C3","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"07-C3","title":"A model for simulation of flow in singular and interconnected channels","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional numerical model is presented for simulating the unsteady flow in singular riverine or estuarine reaches and in networks of reaches composed of interconnected channels. The model is both general and flexible in that it can be used to simulate a wide range of flow conditions for various channel configurations. The channel geometry of the network to be modeled should be sufficiently simple so as to lend itself to characterization in one spatial dimension. The flow must be substantially homogenous in density, and hydrostatic pressure must prevail everywhere in the network channels. The slope of each channel bottom ought to be mild and reasonably constant over its length so that the flow remains subcritical. The model accommodates tributary inflows and diversions and includes the effects of wind shear on the water surface as a forcing function in the flow equations. Water-surface elevations and flow discharges are computed at channel junctions, as well as at specified intermediate locations within the network channels.\r\nThe one-dimensional branch-network flow model uses a four-point, implicit, finite-difference approximation of the unsteady-flow equations. The flow equations are linearized over a time step, and branch transformations are formulated that describe the relationship between the unknowns at the end points of the channels. The resultant matrix of branch-transformation equations and required boundary-condition equations is solved by Gaussian elimination using maximum pivot strategy.\r\nFive example applications of the flow model are illustrated. The applications cover such diverse conditions as a singular upland river reach in which unsteady flow results from hydropower regulations, coastal rivers composed of sequentially connected reaches subject to unsteady tide-driven flow, and a multiply connected network of channels whose flow is principally governed by wind tides and seiches in adjoining lakes.\r\nThe report includes a listing of the FORTRAN IV computer program and a description of the input data requirements. Model supporting programs for the processing and input of initial and boundary-value data are identified, various model output formats are illustrated, and instructions are given to permit the production of graphical output using the line printer, electromechanical pen plotters, cathode-ray-tube display units, or microfilm recorders.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/twri07C3","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Schaffranek, R.W., Baltzer, R., and Goldberg, D., 1981, A model for simulation of flow in singular and interconnected channels (1981 edition): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 07-C3, x, 110 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri07C3.","productDescription":"x, 110 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":344,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri7c3/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"1981 edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaffranek, Raymond W.","contributorId":86314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baltzer, R.A.","contributorId":86321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltzer","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldberg, D.E.","contributorId":66245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":11081,"text":"ofr81556 - 1981 - Research on uranium resource models, a progress report: Part IV, LOGIC, a computer graphics program to construct integrated logic circuits for genetic-geologic models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:26","indexId":"ofr81556","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-556","title":"Research on uranium resource models, a progress report: Part IV, LOGIC, a computer graphics program to construct integrated logic circuits for genetic-geologic models","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81556","usgsCitation":"Scott, W.A., Turner, R.M., and McCammon, R.B., 1981, Research on uranium resource models, a progress report: Part IV, LOGIC, a computer graphics program to construct integrated logic circuits for genetic-geologic models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-556, ii, 21 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81556.","productDescription":"ii, 21 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0556/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38840,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0556/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c5fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, William A.","contributorId":51745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, Raymond Marriner","contributorId":20319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"Marriner","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCammon, Richard B.","contributorId":107674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCammon","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":11722,"text":"ofr81479 - 1981 - Documentation of a dissolved-solids model of the Tongue River, southeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:30","indexId":"ofr81479","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-479","title":"Documentation of a dissolved-solids model of the Tongue River, southeastern Montana","docAbstract":"A model has been developed for assessing potential increases in dissolved solids of the Tongue River as a result of leaching of overburden materials used to backfill pits in surface coal-mining operations. The model allows spatial and temporal simulation of streamflow and dissolved-solids loads and concentrations under user-defined scenarios of surface coal mining and agricultural development. The model routes an input quantity of streamflow and dissolved solids from the upstream end to the downstream end of a stream reach while algebraically accounting for gains and losses of streamflow and dissolved solids within the stream reach. Input data needed to operate the model include the following: simulation number, designation of hydrologic conditions for each simulated month, either user-defined or regression-defined concentrations of dissolved solids input by the Tongue River Reservoir, number of irrigated acres, number of mined acres, dissolved-solids concentration of mine leachates and quantity of other water losses. A listing of the Fortran computer program, definitions of all variables in the model, and an example output permit use of the model by interested persons. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81479","usgsCitation":"Woods, P.F., 1981, Documentation of a dissolved-solids model of the Tongue River, southeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-479, iii, 45 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81479.","productDescription":"iii, 45 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0479/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39609,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0479/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636bb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woods, Paul F.","contributorId":82273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9744,"text":"ofr81694 - 1981 - Modification of the Tangborn short-term hydrometeorological model, with trial results from the Baker River basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T17:41:32.902534","indexId":"ofr81694","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-694","title":"Modification of the Tangborn short-term hydrometeorological model, with trial results from the Baker River basin, Washington","docAbstract":"This report presents a modification of the short-term hydrometeorological model (Tangborn, 1978) for estimating river-basin snowmelt runoff. A multiple linear regression replaces a nonlinear regression scheme to correct for temperature effects of snowmelt runoff. Results based on data from the Baker River basin, Washington, indicate that model performance is improved by the modification in a majority of applications, and, additionally, use of the model is simplified and computer time is reduced.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81694","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Puget Sound Power and Light Company","usgsCitation":"Karlinger, M., and Wilson, J.D., 1981, Modification of the Tangborn short-term hydrometeorological model, with trial results from the Baker River basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-694, iii, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81694.","productDescription":"iii, 63 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405198,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0694/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0694/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Baker River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.47283935546874,\n 48.398208936781806\n ],\n [\n -121.57745361328125,\n 48.398208936781806\n ],\n [\n -121.57745361328125,\n 48.629278127969414\n ],\n [\n -122.47283935546874,\n 48.629278127969414\n ],\n [\n -122.47283935546874,\n 48.398208936781806\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6994f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karlinger, M.R.","contributorId":95039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, J. D.","contributorId":25154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10657,"text":"ofr811058 - 1981 - Water-quality reconnaissance of Harding Creek, Lawrence County, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-14T20:44:49.914194","indexId":"ofr811058","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1058","title":"Water-quality reconnaissance of Harding Creek, Lawrence County, Arkansas","docAbstract":"A study of Harding Creek conducted between April and October 1980 to assess the water quality of the creek indicates no serious water-quality problems. Eight water samples were collected during periods of low to moderate streamflow (less than 19 cubic feet per second). The water was hard to very hard (100 to 220 milligrams per liter as calcium carbonate) and dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 112 to 244 milligrams per liter. Suspended-sediment concentrations were low (generally less than 5 milligrams per liter). Total phosphorus concentrations did not exceed 50 micrograms per liter, and total nitrogen concentrations were less than 1.9 milligrams per liter. Concentrations of most metals were less than 5 micrograms per liter, the exceptions being iron (110 to 210 micrograms per liter), manganese (20 to 80 micrograms per liter), and zinc (0 to 30 micrograms per liter). Fecal-coliform bacteria were present in some samples in large enough numbers (as many as 710 colonies per 100 milliliters) to indicate that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency criterion and Arkansas water-quality standards may be exceeded at times.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr811058","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Soil Conservation Service","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J., 1981, Water-quality reconnaissance of Harding Creek, Lawrence County, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1058, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811058.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1058/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":398782,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1058/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","county":"Lawrence County","otherGeospatial":"Harding Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.20171546936035,\n 36.18471893727928\n ],\n [\n -91.17562294006348,\n 36.18471893727928\n ],\n [\n -91.17562294006348,\n 36.19774164407363\n ],\n [\n -91.20171546936035,\n 36.19774164407363\n ],\n [\n -91.20171546936035,\n 36.18471893727928\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa809","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, James C. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James C.","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":161752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4238,"text":"cir839 - 1981 - Assessment of impacts of proposed coal-resource and related economic development on water resources, Yampa River basin, Colorado and Wyoming: A summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T21:17:12.505971","indexId":"cir839","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"839","title":"Assessment of impacts of proposed coal-resource and related economic development on water resources, Yampa River basin, Colorado and Wyoming: A summary","docAbstract":"Expanded mining and use of coal resources in the Rocky Mountain region of the western United States will have substantial impacts on water resources, environmental amenities, and social and economic conditions. The U.S. Geological Survey has completed a 3-year assessment of the Yampa River basin, Colorado and Wyoming, where increased coal-resource development has begun to affect the environment and quality of life. \r\n\r\nEconomic projections of the overall effects of coal-resource development were used to estimate water use and the types and amounts of waste residuals that need to be assimilated into the environment. Based in part upon these projections, several physical-based models and other semiquantitative assessment methods were used to determine possible effects upon the basin's water resources. \r\n\r\nDepending on the magnitude of mining and use of coal resources in the basin, an estimated 0.7 to 2.7 million tons (0.6 to 2.4 million metric tons) of waste residuals may be discharged annually into the environment by coal-resource development and associated economic activities. If the assumed development of coal resources in the basin occurs, annual consumptive use of water, which was approximately 142,000 acre-feet (175 million cubic meters) during 1975, may almost double by 1990. In a related analysis of alternative cooling systems for coal-conversion facilities, four to five times as much water may be used consumptively in a wet-tower, cooling-pond recycling system as in once-through cooling. An equivalent amount of coal transported by slurry pipeline would require about one-third the water used consumptively by once-through cooling for in-basin conversion. \r\n\r\nCurrent conditions and a variety of possible changes in the water resources of the basin resulting from coal-resource development were assessed. Basin population may increase by as much as threefold between 1975 and 1990. Volumes of wastes requiring treatment will increase accordingly. Potential problems associated with ammonia-nitrogen concentrations in the Yampa River downstream from Steamboat Springs were evaluated using a waste-load assimilative-capacity model. Changes in sediment loads carried by streams due to increased coal mining and construction of roads and buildings may be apparent only locally; projected increases in sediment loads relative to historic loads from the basin are estimated to be 2 to 7 percent. \r\n\r\nSolid-waste residuals generated by coal-conversion processes and disposed of into old mine pits may cause widely dispersed ground-water contamination, based on simulation-modeling results. Projected increases in year-round water use will probably result in the construction of several proposed reservoirs. Current seasonal patterns of streamflow and of dissolvedsolids concentrations in streamflow will be altered appreciably by these reservoirs. Decreases in time-weighted mean-annual dissolved-solids concentrations of as much as 34 percent are anticipated, based upon model simulations of several configurations of proposed reservoirs. Detailed statistical analyses of water-quality conditions in the Yampa River basin were made. Regionalized maximum waterquality concentrations were estimated for possible comparison with future conditions. Using Landsat imagery and aerial photographs, potential remote-sensing applications were evaluated to monitor land-use changes and to assess both snow cover and turbidity levels in streams. The technical information provided by the several studies of the Yampa River basin assessment should be useful to regional planners and resource managers in evaluating the possible impacts of development on the basin's water resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir839","usgsCitation":"Steele, T.D., and Hillier, D.E., 1981, Assessment of impacts of proposed coal-resource and related economic development on water resources, Yampa River basin, Colorado and Wyoming: A summary: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 839, vi, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir839.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410819,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23574.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":31352,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1981/0839/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1981/0839/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yampa River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.6,\n 41.611\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 41.611\n ],\n [\n -109,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -106.6,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -106.6,\n 41.611\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671f7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steele, Timothy Doak","contributorId":88723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"Doak","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hillier, Donald E.","contributorId":105282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillier","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4232,"text":"cir802 - 1981 - The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic and resources maps of the Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-22T13:58:22.298212","indexId":"cir802","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"802","title":"The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic and resources maps of the Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles (1:250,000) are a part of the Alaska Peninsula in southwestern Alaska. This circular and a companion folio of maps represent results of integrated field and laboratory studies by an interdisciplinary team on geology, geophysics, geochemistry, mineral resources, geochronology, and energy resources to provide a modern assessment of the mineral and energy resources of the quadrangles. The maps contain descriptive text, explanatory material, tables and diagrams, and pertinent references. This circular provides the background data for the mineral and energy resource assessment and integrates the component maps. A comprehensive bibliography cites both specific and general references relevant to the geology and resources of the quadrangles.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir802","usgsCitation":"Detterman, R.L., Case, J.E., Cox, D.P., Detra, D., Miller, T.P., and Wilson, F.H., 1981, The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic and resources maps of the Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 802, iii, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir802.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31346,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1981/0802/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139313,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1981/0802/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683437","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Detterman, Robert L.","contributorId":71526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detterman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Case, J. E.","contributorId":56625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, D. P.","contributorId":82689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Detra, D.E.","contributorId":72358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detra","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, T. P.","contributorId":49345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":148497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":11220,"text":"ofr81317 - 1981 - Modeling the cumulative onshore effects of offshore oil and gas development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:36","indexId":"ofr81317","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-317","title":"Modeling the cumulative onshore effects of offshore oil and gas development","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81317","usgsCitation":"Smith, E., and Hecht, L., 1981, Modeling the cumulative onshore effects of offshore oil and gas development: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-317, 20 p., ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81317.","productDescription":"20 p., ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0317/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39011,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0317/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6997bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, E.T.","contributorId":10420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hecht, L.G.","contributorId":106906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hecht","given":"L.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":8117,"text":"ofr811116 - 1981 - Simulated hydrologic effects of possible ground-water and surface-water management alternatives in and near the Platte River, south-central Nebraska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8117,"text":"ofr811116 - 1981 - Simulated hydrologic effects of possible ground-water and surface-water management alternatives in and near the Platte River, south-central Nebraska","indexId":"ofr811116","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Simulated hydrologic effects of possible ground-water and surface-water management alternatives in and near the Platte River, south-central Nebraska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38584,"text":"pp1277 - 1983 - Hydrologic and geomorphic studies of the Platte River basin","indexId":"pp1277","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic and geomorphic studies of the Platte River basin"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":38584,"text":"pp1277 - 1983 - Hydrologic and geomorphic studies of the Platte River basin","indexId":"pp1277","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic and geomorphic studies of the Platte River basin"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-10T09:32:22","indexId":"ofr811116","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1116","title":"Simulated hydrologic effects of possible ground-water and surface-water management alternatives in and near the Platte River, south-central Nebraska","docAbstract":"Digital computer models were developed and used to simulate the hydrologic effects of hypothetical water-management alternatives on the wetland habitat area near Grand Island, Nebr. Areally distributed recharge to and discharge from the aquifer system adjacent to the Platte River between Overton and Grand Island were computed for four hypothetical water-management alternatives. Using stream-aquifer response functions, the stream depletions resulting from the different alternatives ranged from 53,000 acre-feet per year for increased surface-water irrigation to 177,000 acre-feet per year for increased ground-water pumpage. Current conditions would result in stream depletions of 125,000 acre-feet per year. Using the relationship between discharge and river stage, frequency curves of the stage in the river near the wildlife habitat area were computed using a 50-year sequence of historical streamflow at Overton, minus the stream depletions resulting from various management practices. For the management alternatives previously discussed, differences in the stage-frequency curves were minimal. For comparative purposes, three additional water-management alternatives whose application would change the incoming streamflow at Overton were simulated. Although in these alternatives the amounts of water that were diverted or imported were similar to the amounts in the previous alternatives, their effects on the stage-frequency curves were much more dramatic. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr811116","usgsCitation":"Burns, A.W., 1981, Simulated hydrologic effects of possible ground-water and surface-water management alternatives in and near the Platte River, south-central Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1116, iv, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811116.","productDescription":"iv, 41 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":365415,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1116/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1116/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Platte River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bddc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Alan W.","contributorId":41419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10485,"text":"ofr81644 - 1981 - Selected biological characteristics of streams in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T20:13:12.230065","indexId":"ofr81644","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-644","title":"Selected biological characteristics of streams in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","docAbstract":"Biological sampling was carried out during 1976-78 in five streams in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado, in order to provide baseline water-quality data for an area of potential oil-shale development. The biological activity in the streams sampled generally is limited by physical factors more so than by chemical constituents and plant nutrients. Characteristics of streamflow, such as high turbidity, fluctuating water levels, and moderate to high salinity, limit production of flora and fauna biomass.
Samples were collected for the determination of bacterial and periphyton concentrations and benthic-invertebrate communities. Bacterial concentrations were generally small, with some fecal contamination, primarily from livestock and wildlife. Members of the order Chlorophyta (green algae) were the major periphytic algae present in three of the streams sampled. Bitter Creek was dominated by members of the order Cyanphyta (blue-green algae), and pennate diatoms were the predominant algae in Willow Creek. The benthic-invertebrate communities generally reflect a nonpolluted environment. Shannon-Weiner diversity indices ranged from 1.14 to 3.08.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81644","usgsCitation":"Naten, R.W., and Fuller, R.H., 1981, Selected biological characteristics of streams in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-644, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81644.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143894,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0644/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":425541,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0644/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","otherGeospatial":"southeastern Uinta Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.36159250817046,\n 40.37509813483038\n ],\n [\n -110.36159250817046,\n 39.7904165885285\n ],\n [\n -108.9790264886742,\n 39.7904165885285\n ],\n [\n -108.9790264886742,\n 40.37509813483038\n ],\n [\n -110.36159250817046,\n 40.37509813483038\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65de83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naten, Ronald W.","contributorId":83535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naten","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, Richard H.","contributorId":66236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}