{"pageNumber":"1543","pageRowStart":"38550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":41032,"records":[{"id":8810,"text":"ofr8199 - 1981 - Modes of occurrence of trace elements in coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:18","indexId":"ofr8199","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-99","title":"Modes of occurrence of trace elements in coal","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8199","usgsCitation":"Finkelman, R.B., 1981, Modes of occurrence of trace elements in coal: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-99, xi, 315 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8199.","productDescription":"xi, 315 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0099/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36386,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0099/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6997af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finkelman, Robert B.","contributorId":85951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3127,"text":"wsp2068 - 1981 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":7233,"text":"ofr79988 - 1979 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah","indexId":"ofr79988","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3127,"text":"wsp2068 - 1981 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah","indexId":"wsp2068","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T20:06:08.759442","indexId":"wsp2068","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2068","title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Data obtained during a hydrologic reconnaissance in 1975-77 in the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area of Utah were correlated with existing long-term data. Maps were prepared showing average precipitation, average streamflow, stream temperature, ground- and surface-water quality, sediment yield, and geology. Recommendations were made for additional study and suggested approaches for continued monitoring in the coalfields areas.</p><p>moDuring the 1931-75 water years, the minimum discharges for the five major streams that head in the area ranged from about 12,000 to 26,000 acre-feet per year, and the maximum discharges ranged from about 59,000 to 315,000 acre-feet per year. Correlations indicate that 3 years of low-flow records at stream sites in the Wasatch Plateau would allow the development of relationships with long-term sites that can be used to estimate future low-flow records within a standard error of about 20 percent.</p><p>Most water-quality degradation in streams occurs along the flanks of the Wasatch Plateau and Book Cliffs. In the uplands, dissolved-solids concentrations generally ranged from less than 100 to about 250 milligrams per liter, and in the lowlands, the concentrations ranged from about 250 to more than 6,000 milligrams per liter.</p><p>Most springs in the Wasatch Plateau and Book Cliffs discharge from the Star Point Sandstone or younger formations, and the water generally contains less than about 1,000 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids. The discharges of 65 springs ranged from about 0.2 to 200 gallons per minute. The Blackhawk Formation, which is the principal coal-bearing formation, produces water in many of the mines. The dissolved-solids concentration in water discharging from springs and mines in the Blackhawk ranged from about 60 to 800 milligrams per liter.</p><p>In the lowland areas, the Ferron Sandstone Member of the Maneos Shale appears to have the most potential for subsurface development of water of suitable chemical quality for human consumption. Three wells in the Ferron yielded water with dissolved-solids concentrations ranging from about 650 to 1,230 milligrams per liter.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2068","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Waddell, K.M., Contratto, P., Sumsion, C.T., and Butler, J.R., 1981, Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2068, Report: v, 45 p.; 9 Plates: 40.00 in x 30.19 inches or smaller; Table: 12.50 in. x 13.45 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2068.","productDescription":"Report: v, 45 p.; 9 Plates: 40.00 in x 30.19 inches or smaller; Table: 12.50 in. x 13.45 inches","numberOfPages":"61","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414125,"rank":13,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25489.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":30038,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247290,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Hydrgraphs for selected wells, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247284,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing average discharges of streams, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247283,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing average annual precipitation, 1931-75, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247282,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing general geology of the Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":139323,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":247289,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-8.pdf","text":"Plate 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Fence diagram showing stratigraphic units and concentrations of dissolved solids, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247288,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-7.pdf","text":"Plate 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing concentrations of dissolved solids in ground water, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247287,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-6.pdf","text":"Plate 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing estimated sediment yields, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247286,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-5.pdf","text":"Plate 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing concentrations of dissolved solids in surface water, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247285,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Map showing estimated range of stream temperature, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area, Utah"},{"id":247291,"rank":12,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2068/plate-table_2.pdf","text":"Table 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Published stream-gaging records and ranges of annual discharge, 1931-75 water years"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs coal-fields area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.54,\n              40.045\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.54,\n              38.687\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.059,\n              38.687\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.059,\n              40.045\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.54,\n              40.045\n            ]\n          ]\n       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Kay","contributorId":15598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Contratto","given":"P. Kay","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sumsion, C. T.","contributorId":23129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumsion","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butler, John R.","contributorId":36540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":11322,"text":"ofr81897 - 1981 - Eastern Gulf of Alaska seismicity: Annual report to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for April 1, 1980, through March 31, 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-29T20:56:37.089157","indexId":"ofr81897","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-897","title":"Eastern Gulf of Alaska seismicity: Annual report to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for April 1, 1980, through March 31, 1981","docAbstract":"<p>The objective of this research is to collect and analyze data on earthquake activity in the northeast Gulf of Alaska (NEGOA) and adjacent onshore areas in order to develop a better regional seismotectonic model and more accurately assess the earthquake potential. This information is critical to the establishment of criteria for the safe development of oil and gas. Large (M<sub>s</sub>&gt; 7) historical earthquakes have occurred in and around the NEGOA, and recent studies suggest that the NEGOA is a likely site for a magnitude 8 or larger earthquake to occur within the next two or three decades. A great earthquake (Ms&gt;8) associated with low-angle oblique underthrusting of the sea floor beneath continental shelf could be accompanied by strong ground shaking throughout much of the eastern Gulf of Alaska, possibly from Cross Sound to Kayak Island (Page, 1975), and could trigger tsunamis, seiches, and submarine slumping, any of which could be hazardous to offshore and coastal structures (Meyers, 1976).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81897","usgsCitation":"Stephens, C.D., Lahr, J.C., and Rogers, J.A., 1981, Eastern Gulf of Alaska seismicity: Annual report to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for April 1, 1980, through March 31, 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-897, iii, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81897.","productDescription":"iii, 32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420276,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0897/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144051,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0897/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":410976,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12199.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"eastern Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -148,\n              62\n            ],\n            [\n              -148,\n              58\n            ],\n            [\n              -134,\n              58\n            ],\n            [\n              -134,\n              62\n            ],\n            [\n              -148,\n              62\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6281a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephens, Christopher D. 0000-0003-0858-3709 cdstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-3709","contributorId":2788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Christopher","email":"cdstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":162930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lahr, John C.","contributorId":20328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahr","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogers, John A.","contributorId":82704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":7249,"text":"ofr81815 - 1981 - Hydrology of Area 7, Eastern Coal Province, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:49","indexId":"ofr81815","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-815","title":"Hydrology of Area 7, Eastern Coal Province, Ohio","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey established 24 study areas in Eastern Appalachian Coal Province to appraise the hydrology and water resources from Alabama to Pennsylvania. Chemical, physical, biological, and streamflow data were collected from 138 synoptic sites in Area 7, eastern Ohio. The data are evaluated and presented in this report. Area 7 lies within the drainage basins of Muskingum Rivers and Duck and Willis Creeks in eastern Ohio. Walhounding, Tuscarawas, and Little Muskingum, and Muskingum Rivers and Wills and Duck Creeks are the major streams draining the study area.\r\n\r\nIn Ohio, surface and subsurface coal mining has altered the environment. In areas where land has been reclaimed, the environmental stress expected to be temporary. Hydrologic problems related to coal mining are erosion and sedimentation which degrade water-quality. Based on available sediment data, suspended sediment concentration were highest in abandoned mine areas, followed by currently mined and reclaimed areas, and lowest in unmined areas.\r\n\r\nLow pH, high specific conductance, high concentrations of iron, sulfate and manganese, increased sediment yields, discoloration of streambeds, limited aquatic vegetation and animal life typify streams draining areas with abandoned mines. In abandoned mine areas, the specific conductance of water ranged from 800 to 2,300 micromhos; pH ranged from 2.8 to 5.8; dissolved-iron concentrations ranged from 1,000 to 85,000 micrograms per liter; dissolved-sulfate concentrations ranged from 14 to 1,200 milligrams per liter and dissolved-manganese concentration commonly exceeded 2,000 micrograms per liter. Red and yellow coloration on the streambeds were precipitates from the hydrolysis of iron, manganese, and sulfate minerals carried into the stream channel by increased sediment erosion from abandoned coal mines. Trace metal concentrations (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc) were generally low. Degradation of fish habitat is illustrated by conceptual model of the aquatic biology related to water chemistry.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81815","usgsCitation":"Engelke, M.J., Roth, D., and and others, 1981, Hydrology of Area 7, Eastern Coal Province, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-815, v, 60 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81815.","productDescription":"v, 60 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":94764,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0815/report.pdf","size":"21723","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0815/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e780","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engelke, Morris J. Jr.","contributorId":100379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engelke","given":"Morris","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roth, D.K.","contributorId":60275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"and others","contributorId":127886,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"and others","id":528824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":8740,"text":"ofr81678 - 1981 - Progress report on the effects of surface mining on the surface-water hydrology of selected basins in the Fort Union coal region, North Dakota and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-16T16:22:55","indexId":"ofr81678","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-678","title":"Progress report on the effects of surface mining on the surface-water hydrology of selected basins in the Fort Union coal region, North Dakota and Montana","docAbstract":"The purpose of the investigation is to provide a means to assess the impacts on surface-water hydrology due to changes in land use resulting from surface mining of coal in the Fort Union Coal Region, North Dakota and Montana. The objectives of the study are to: (1) Determine premining hydrologic conditions in small representative drainage basins and provide historical data with which to compare the magnitude of changes resulting from mining, and (2) develop the capability of making reasonably accurate projections of hydrologic effects resulting from the various land-use changes caused by surface mining. Data collection has been underway since October 1976 for the West Branch Antelope Creek study area in western North Dakota and since March 1978 for the Hay Creek study area in eastern Montana. Data collected during the premining period are being analyzed using statistical methods for the evaluation of the premining conditions. A digitial model with the capability of making hydrologic projections is being developed. Most of the model components have been tested during 1979 and 1980. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81678","usgsCitation":"Emerson, D.G., 1981, Progress report on the effects of surface mining on the surface-water hydrology of selected basins in the Fort Union coal region, North Dakota and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-678, v, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81678.","productDescription":"v, 33 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":142709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0678/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36317,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0678/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64af90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emerson, Douglas G.","contributorId":40579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emerson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":10145,"text":"ofr811009 - 1981 - State-discharge relations at dams on the Illinois and Des Plaines rivers in Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T21:20:59.105716","indexId":"ofr811009","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1009","title":"State-discharge relations at dams on the Illinois and Des Plaines rivers in Illinois","docAbstract":"<p>Stage-discharge relations were developed for the Brandon Road Dam on the Des Plaines River and the Dresden Island, Marseilles, Starved Rock, Peoria, and La Grange Dams on the Illinois River. A t Brandon Road Dam, streamflow is regulated by the operation of tainter gates and headgates. Tainter gates are operated to regulate streamflow at the Dresden Island, Marseilles, and Starved Rock Dams. Peoria Dam and La Grange Dam comprise timber-Chanoine wickets, which are lowered to a horizontal position on the streambed when not used for streamflow regulation. Both dams have concrete abutments housing butterfly valves that are also used for regulation.</p><p>Discharge coefficients, in equations that express discharge as a function of tailwater depth, headwater depth, and vertical height of gate opening, were determined for conditions of free-orifice, submerged-orifice, and free-weir flow under a tainter gate. A free-orifice flow coefficient was determined for the headgates at Brandon Road Dam. Stage-discharge relations for flow over sections of lowered wickets and flow between raised wickets had been developed from hydraulic model studies by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 1937 and 1938. These relations were verified by discharge measurements at V.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations on the Illinois River near the Peoria and La Grange Dams. Discharge coefficients in equations of free-orifice and submerged-orifice flow through a butterfly valve were computed from additional measurements at the stream-gaging stations.</p><p>A total of 50 measurements of discharge that ranged from 1,730 to 86,400 cubic feet per second were used to develop stage-discharge relations at the six dams. The computed relations compared favorably with published hydraulic design criteria. The stage-discharge relations derived from tainter gate control are applicable to all conditions except extremely high streamflow conditions when submerged weir flow exists. The stage-discharge relations for wicket control are applicable to flow over no more than 20 lowered wickets. The stage-discharge relations for butterfly valve and head ate control are applicable to all streamflow conditions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr811009","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Army, Corps of Engineers Chicago District","usgsCitation":"Mades, D.M., 1981, State-discharge relations at dams on the Illinois and Des Plaines rivers in Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1009, Report: vii, 56 p.; 1 Figure: 15.79 x 10.87 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811009.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 56 p.; 1 Figure: 15.79 x 10.87 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1009/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":394143,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1009/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":394142,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.043701171875,\n              38.77121637244273\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.9677734375,\n              38.77121637244273\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.9677734375,\n              42.12267315117256\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.043701171875,\n              42.12267315117256\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.043701171875,\n              38.77121637244273\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e3ee8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mades, Dean M.","contributorId":102888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mades","given":"Dean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":8525,"text":"ofr81483 - 1981 - Geohydrology and numerical simulation of the alluvium and terrace aquifer along the Beaver-North Canadian River from the Panhandle to Canton Lake, northwestern Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T11:39:46","indexId":"ofr81483","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-483","title":"Geohydrology and numerical simulation of the alluvium and terrace aquifer along the Beaver-North Canadian River from the Panhandle to Canton Lake, northwestern Oklahoma","docAbstract":"<p>A quantitative description of the hydrologic system in alluvium and terrace deposits along the Beaver-North Canadian River in northwestern Oklahoma is needed as an aid for planning and management of the aquifer. A two-dimensional finite-difference model was used to describe the aquifer and to predict the effects of future ground-water withdrawals.</p><p>The aquifer principally consists of three geologic units: Alluvium with an average thickness of 30 feet, low terrace deposits with an average thickness of 50 feet, and high terrace deposits with an average thickness of 70 feet. A thin cover of dune sand overlies much of the area and provides an excellent catchment for recharge, but is generally unsaturated.</p><p>Hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer ranges from 0 to 160 feet per day and averages 59 feet per day. Specific yield is estimated to be 0.29. Recharge to the aquifer is approximately 1 inch annually. Under present conditions (1978), most discharge is the result of ground-water flow to the Beaver-North Canadian River at a rate of 36 cubic feet per second and to pumpage for public-supply, industrial, and irrigation use at a rate of 28 cubic feet per second. In 1978, the aquifer had an average saturated thickness of 31 feet and contained 4.07 million acre-feet of water.</p><p>The model was used to predict future head response in the aquifer to various pumping stresses. For any one area, the pumping stress was applied until the saturated thickness for that area was less than 5 feet, at which time the pumping ceased.</p><p>The results of the modeled projections show that if the aquifer is stressed from 1978 to 1993 at the 1977 pumpage rates and well distribution, the average saturated thickness will decrease 1.0 foot and the volume of water in storage will be 3.94 million acre-feet, or 97 percent of the 1978 volume. If the aquifer is stressed at this same rate until 2020, the average saturated thickness will decrease an additional 0.7 foot and the volume of water in storage will be 3.84 million acre-feet, or 94 percent of the 1978 volume.</p><p>If all areas of the aquifer having a 1978 saturated thickness of 5 feet or more are stressed from 1978 to 1993 at a rate of approximately<br>1.4 acre-feet per acre per year, the average saturated thickness will decrease by 20.9 feet and the volume of water in storage will be 1.28 million acre-feet, or 31 percent of the 1978 volume. If the aquifer is stressed at this same rate until 2020, the average saturated thickness will decrease an additional 2.2 feet and the volume of water in storage will be 980,000 acre-feet, or 24 percent of the 1978 volume.</p><p>The water in the aquifer is generally of the calcium bicarbonate type and is suitable for most uses. Most of the 30 water samples analyzed contained less than 500 milligrams of dissolved solids per liter.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81483","usgsCitation":"Davis, R.E., and Christenson, S.C., 1981, Geohydrology and numerical simulation of the alluvium and terrace aquifer along the Beaver-North Canadian River from the Panhandle to Canton Lake, northwestern Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-483, Report: vi, 42 p.; 15 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81483.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 42 p.; 15 Plates","numberOfPages":"51","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359181,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0483/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0483/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359182,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0483/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359183,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0483/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359184,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0483/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359185,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0483/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359186,"rank":17,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0483/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359176,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0483/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359177,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0483/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359178,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0483/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359179,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0483/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359180,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0483/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359171,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0483/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359172,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0483/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359173,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0483/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359174,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0483/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359175,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0483/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":6433,"text":"pp1143 - 1981 - The sorting and deposition of allochthonous plant material in a modern environment at Silwood Lake, Silwood Park, Berkshire, England","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":40469,"text":"ofr79124 - 1979 - Coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Rock Springs Quadrangle, Sweetwater County, Wyoming","indexId":"ofr79124","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the Rock Springs Quadrangle, Sweetwater County, Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6433,"text":"pp1143 - 1981 - The sorting and deposition of allochthonous plant material in a modern environment at Silwood Lake, Silwood Park, Berkshire, England","indexId":"pp1143","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"The sorting and deposition of allochthonous plant material in a modern environment at Silwood Lake, Silwood Park, Berkshire, England"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:55","indexId":"pp1143","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1143","title":"The sorting and deposition of allochthonous plant material in a modern environment at Silwood Lake, Silwood Park, Berkshire, England","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off. :\r\nfor sale by the Supt. of Docs.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1143","usgsCitation":"Spicer, R.A., 1981, The sorting and deposition of allochthonous plant material in a modern environment at Silwood Lake, Silwood Park, Berkshire, England: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1143, 77 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1143.","productDescription":"77 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1143/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33844,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1143/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636463","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spicer, Robert A.","contributorId":80681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2240,"text":"wsp2081 - 1981 - Hydraulic characteristics of an underdrained irrigation circle, Muskegon County, wastewater disposal system, Michigan","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":23839,"text":"ofr80773 - 1980 - Hydraulic characteristics of an underdrained irrigation circle, Muskegon County wastewater disposal system, Michigan","indexId":"ofr80773","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Hydraulic characteristics of an underdrained irrigation circle, Muskegon County wastewater disposal system, Michigan"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2240,"text":"wsp2081 - 1981 - Hydraulic characteristics of an underdrained irrigation circle, Muskegon County, wastewater disposal system, Michigan","indexId":"wsp2081","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Hydraulic characteristics of an underdrained irrigation circle, Muskegon County, wastewater disposal system, Michigan"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-19T18:37:23","indexId":"wsp2081","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2081","title":"Hydraulic characteristics of an underdrained irrigation circle, Muskegon County, wastewater disposal system, Michigan","docAbstract":"Muskegon County, Michigan, disposes of waste water by spray irrigating farmland on its waste-disposal site. Buried drains in the highly permeable unconfined aquifer at the site control the level of the water table. Hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer and drain-leakance, the reciprocal of resistance to flow into the drains, was determined at a representative irrigation circle while calibrating a model of the ground-water flow system. Hydraulic conductivity is 0.00055 meter per second in the north zone of the circle and 0.00039 meter per second in the south zone. Drain leakance is low in both zones: 2.9 x 10-6 meters per second in the north and 9.5 x 10-6 meters per second in the south. Low drain leakance is responsible for waterlogging when irrigation rates are maintained at design levels. The capacity of the study circle to accept waste water is 35 percent less than design capacity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2081","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"McDonald, M., 1981, Hydraulic characteristics of an underdrained irrigation circle, Muskegon County, wastewater disposal system, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2081, iii, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2081.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":28003,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2081/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2081/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Muskegon County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.09264373779297,\n              43.21593563039921\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.09264373779297,\n              43.292200750082785\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.98518371582031,\n              43.292200750082785\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.98518371582031,\n              43.21593563039921\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.09264373779297,\n              43.21593563039921\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a2e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, M.G.","contributorId":37716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9819,"text":"ofr8153 - 1981 - Sediment transport and effective discharge of the North Platte, South Platte, and Platte Rivers in Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:17","indexId":"ofr8153","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-53","title":"Sediment transport and effective discharge of the North Platte, South Platte, and Platte Rivers in Nebraska","docAbstract":"Sediment discharge was computed for four locations along the North Platte, South Platte, and the Platte Rivers between North Platte and Grand Island, Nebraska in order to determine the effective discharge. The total-sediment discharge was computed by the Colby method and modified Einstein method so that comparisons could be made with the measured total-sediment discharge. The results agreed closely. The Colby method is the simplest and most convenient to use. The mean annual total-sediment discharge for the four sites investigated ranged from 150 tons per day for the South Platte River at North Platte to 1,260 tons per day for the Platte River near Grand Island. The effective discharge at the sites ranged from 41 to 158 cubic meters per second. The probability of the effective discharge being equaled or exceeded ranged from 1 to 30 percent for the four sites. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8153","usgsCitation":"Kircher, J.E., 1981, Sediment transport and effective discharge of the North Platte, South Platte, and Platte Rivers in Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-53, v, 30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8153.","productDescription":"v, 30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0053/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37604,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0053/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbf71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kircher, J. E.","contributorId":11207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kircher","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9827,"text":"ofr81359 - 1981 - A manual of modified analytical procedures for conventional rock analysis","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9827,"text":"ofr81359 - 1981 - A manual of modified analytical procedures for conventional rock analysis","indexId":"ofr81359","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"A manual of modified analytical procedures for conventional rock analysis"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":34855,"text":"b1547 - 1983 - The classical chemical analysis of silicate rocks; the old and the new","indexId":"b1547","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"The classical chemical analysis of silicate rocks; the old and the new"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":34855,"text":"b1547 - 1983 - The classical chemical analysis of silicate rocks; the old and the new","indexId":"b1547","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"The classical chemical analysis of silicate rocks; the old and the new"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-04T17:25:05.930885","indexId":"ofr81359","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-359","title":"A manual of modified analytical procedures for conventional rock analysis","docAbstract":"<p>This manual was written to establish the most accurate analytical methodology for determining the major constituents in silicate rocks. This report describes modified classical procedures for determining the amount of SiO<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, FeO, CaO, MgO, H<sub>2</sub>O<sup>-</sup>, H<sub>2</sub>O<sup>+</sup>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, MnO, CO<sub>2</sub>, and S in silicate rocks. In the determination of Na<sub>2</sub>O and K<sub>2</sub>O, the flame photometer is used. The flame photometer procedure presented in this manual is as accurate and precise as the classical, yet time-consuming, J. Lawrence Smith procedure for the alkalis. Explanations are presented directly under various steps of the procedures explaining the importance of that particular technique and how it affects the accuracy of the analysis.<br><br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81359","usgsCitation":"Kirschenbaum, H., 1981, A manual of modified analytical procedures for conventional rock analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-359, v, 78p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81359.","productDescription":"v, 78p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0359/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":409165,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0359/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae1eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirschenbaum, Herbert","contributorId":46090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirschenbaum","given":"Herbert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25511,"text":"wri80117 - 1981 - Flow routing in the Susquehanna River Basin: Part IV - Routing reservoir releases in the eastern Susqehanna river basin in New York State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-28T07:54:12","indexId":"wri80117","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-117","title":"Flow routing in the Susquehanna River Basin: Part IV - Routing reservoir releases in the eastern Susqehanna river basin in New York State","docAbstract":"Flow-routing models for six reaches of major streams in the eastern Susquehanna River basin in New York were developed and used to trace releases of water from East Sidney Lake and Whitney Point Lake to gaged points downstream. Daily streamflow during 1942-77 was modeled for the following reaches: Susquehanna River--Unadilla to Conklin, Conklin to Vestal, and Vestal to Waverly; Chenango River--Sherburne to Greene, and Greene to Chenango Forks; Tioughnioga River--Cortland to Itaska. The models were developed with convolution techniques and were based on the unit-response method of flow routing, assuming the diffusion analogy and using multilinearization. Overall accuracy of the models, as measured by the average difference between observed and simulated daily flows over the base period, was within the stated accuracy of published gaging-station records. As an example of one application of the models, hypothetical releases from East Sidney Lake and Whitney Point Lake during low flow were traced downstream to the Waverly gaging station at the lower end of the area studied. The leading edge of the East Sidney release arrived in 4 days, and the full release arrived in 6 days. The leading edge of the Whitney Point release arrived in 1 day, and the full release arrived in 3 days. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri80117","usgsCitation":"Zembrzuski, T.J., 1981, Flow routing in the Susquehanna River Basin: Part IV - Routing reservoir releases in the eastern Susqehanna river basin in New York State: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-117, 31 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri80117.","productDescription":"31 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268520,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0117/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de830","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zembrzuski, Thomas J. Jr.","contributorId":37371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zembrzuski","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9701,"text":"ofr81195 - 1981 - Pattern-recognition program modified and applied to southeastern United States seismicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-09T18:38:10.259916","indexId":"ofr81195","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-195","title":"Pattern-recognition program modified and applied to southeastern United States seismicity","docAbstract":"<p>The pattern-recognition technique of Bongard and others (1966), Gelfand and others (1976), and Briggs and others (1977) was modified and applied in Southeastern United States to try to detect combinations or interactions of geologic, geophysical, and topographic parameters characteristic of areas with moderate and large earthquakes. The modification involved replacing the operator-defined criteria for significance of association of parameters and earthquakes with statistical estimates of significance. This was done in order to decrease the probability of random associations and to increase the flexibility of the pattern-recognition technique. The binomial distribution was used to determine the probability that each particular association could have occurred by chance. Bonferroni's inequality was invoked to determine a conservative significance level for each of the binomial tests. However, without being able to quantify the dependence among the associations, it is not possible to statistically evaluate the group of binomial tests as a whole. Preliminary results identify four independent associations characterizing spatially independent earthquake epicenters, or \"dangerous\" points, and seven independent associations characterizing the intervening \"safe\" points. When all points were reclassified using these traits, all epicenters were correctly classified as dangerous. In addition, three \"safe\" points were reclassified as dangerous and appear to be potential sites for future earthquakes. However, it is not possible to determine the degree of dangerousness of the points using this reclassification scheme. Two dangerous zones emerge in the northeast and southwest portions of the study area. Epicenters outside of these zones, including those of the large historic earthquakes (MMI &gt; VIII) in Giles County, Virginia, and Charleston, South Carolina, have not been well characterized by the significant associations and may have fundamentally different causes.<br><br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81195","usgsCitation":"Jones-Cecil, M., Wheeler, R.L., and Dewey, J.W., 1981, Pattern-recognition program modified and applied to southeastern United States seismicity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-195, iv, 137 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81195.","productDescription":"iv, 137 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400344,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0195/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0195/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"southeastern United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.84765625,\n              35.06597313798418\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.28710937499999,\n              31.466153715024294\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2880859375,\n              32.21280106801518\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.607421875,\n              34.488447837809304\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.673828125,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9482421875,\n              38.41055825094609\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.189453125,\n              38.85682013474361\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.82617187499999,\n              38.272688535980976\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.84765625,\n              35.06597313798418\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4880","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones-Cecil, Meridee","contributorId":68313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones-Cecil","given":"Meridee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wheeler, Russell L. wheeler@usgs.gov","contributorId":858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Russell","email":"wheeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dewey, James W. 0000-0001-8838-2450 jdewey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8838-2450","contributorId":5819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"James","email":"jdewey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":160153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":9983,"text":"ofr811194 - 1981 - A finite-element model study of the impact of the proposed I-326 crossing on flood stages of the Congaree River near Columbia, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T12:05:54","indexId":"ofr811194","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1194","title":"A finite-element model study of the impact of the proposed I-326 crossing on flood stages of the Congaree River near Columbia, South Carolina","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional finite element surface water model was used to study the hydraulic impact of the proposed Interstate Route 326 crossing of the Congaree River near Columbia, SC. The finite element model was assessed as a potential operational tool for analyzing complex highway crossings and other modifications of river flood plains. Infrared aerial photography was used to define regions of homogeneous roughness in the flood plain. Finite element networks approximating flood plain topography were designed using elements of three roughness types. High water marks established during an 8-yr flood that occurred in October 1976 were used to calibrate the model. The maximum flood of record, an approximately 100-yr flood that occurred in August 1908, was modeled in three cases: dikes on the right bank, dikes on the left bank, and dikes on both banks. In each of the three cases, simulations were performed both without and with the proposed highway embankments in place. Detailed information was obtained about backwater effects upstream from the proposed highway embankments, changes in flow distribution resulting from the embankments, and local velocities in the bridge openings. On the basis of results from the model study, the South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation changed the design of several bridge openings. A simulation incorporating the new design for the case with dikes on the left bank indicated that both velocities in the bridge openings and backwater were reduced. A major problem in applying the model was the difficulty in predicting the network detail necessary to avoid local errors caused by roughness discontinuities and large depth gradients. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr811194","usgsCitation":"Lee, J.K., and Bennett, C.S., 1981, A finite-element model study of the impact of the proposed I-326 crossing on flood stages of the Congaree River near Columbia, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1194, 65 p., 8 over-size sheets, ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811194.","productDescription":"65 p., 8 over-size sheets, ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":143521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1194/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37783,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1194/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37784,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1194/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37785,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1194/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37786,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1194/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37787,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1194/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37788,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1194/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37789,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1194/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37790,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1194/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37791,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1194/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Congaree River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.48422241210938,\n              33.552840110956154\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.48422241210938,\n              34.32188946052673\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.66436767578124,\n              34.32188946052673\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.66436767578124,\n              33.552840110956154\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.48422241210938,\n              33.552840110956154\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae6c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, J. 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,{"id":36638,"text":"fwsobs81_09 - 1981 - Surface mine reclamation for wildlife: a model reclamation plan for southern Appalachia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:57","indexId":"fwsobs81_09","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"81/09","title":"Surface mine reclamation for wildlife: a model reclamation plan for southern Appalachia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Fowler, D.K., and Turner, L.J., 1981, Surface mine reclamation for wildlife: a model reclamation plan for southern Appalachia: FWS/OBS 81/09, viii, 30 p.","productDescription":"viii, 30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":165117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698275","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fowler, Dale K.","contributorId":96738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, Linda J.","contributorId":48610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":7790,"text":"ofr811183 - 1981 - WATEQ3; a geochemical model with uranium added","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:04","indexId":"ofr811183","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1183","title":"WATEQ3; a geochemical model with uranium added","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr811183","usgsCitation":"Ball, J., Jenne, E.A., and Cantrell, M.W., 1981, WATEQ3; a geochemical model with uranium added: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1183, iii, 84 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811183.","productDescription":"iii, 84 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1183/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35290,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1183/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd57f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenne, Everett A.","contributorId":85582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenne","given":"Everett","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cantrell, Mark W.","contributorId":99134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cantrell","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":7083,"text":"ofr81881 - 1981 - Deepwell monitoring of strain-sensitive parameters over the greater Southern California uplift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-16T14:53:44.998823","indexId":"ofr81881","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-881","title":"Deepwell monitoring of strain-sensitive parameters over the greater Southern California uplift","docAbstract":"<p>Several wells and springs near active faults in southern California have been monitored for the concentration of Rn, Na<sup>+</sup> , K<sup>+</sup> , Mg<sup>+2</sup> , and Cl<sup>-</sup> for periods of up to 24 months, in an effort to see if any of these constituents show variations which may be related to seismic activity. Radon might reflect either a change in the rock surface area to pore volume ratio or a change in groundwater flow characteristics. The chemistry may change with a change in the flow characteristics. Only a few of these sites have shown significant fluctuations in either radon or chemistry. Data from cold springs are consistent with a model in which ionic constituents are controlled by reactions in the soil zone and radon concentrations are controlled by flow rates in the aquifer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81881","usgsCitation":"Henyey, T.L., Teng, T., Hammond, D.E., and Sammis, C., 1981, Deepwell monitoring of strain-sensitive parameters over the greater Southern California uplift: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-881, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81881.","productDescription":"55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495596,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0881/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140187,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0881/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":4716,"text":"twri07C3 - 1981 - A model for simulation of flow in singular and interconnected channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:32","indexId":"twri07C3","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"07-C3","title":"A model for simulation of flow in singular and interconnected channels","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional numerical model is presented for simulating the unsteady flow in singular riverine or estuarine reaches and in networks of reaches composed of interconnected channels. The model is both general and flexible in that it can be used to simulate a wide range of flow conditions for various channel configurations. The channel geometry of the network to be modeled should be sufficiently simple so as to lend itself to characterization in one spatial dimension. The flow must be substantially homogenous in density, and hydrostatic pressure must prevail everywhere in the network channels. The slope of each channel bottom ought to be mild and reasonably constant over its length so that the flow remains subcritical. The model accommodates tributary inflows and diversions and includes the effects of wind shear on the water surface as a forcing function in the flow equations. Water-surface elevations and flow discharges are computed at channel junctions, as well as at specified intermediate locations within the network channels.\r\nThe one-dimensional branch-network flow model uses a four-point, implicit, finite-difference approximation of the unsteady-flow equations. The flow equations are linearized over a time step, and branch transformations are formulated that describe the relationship between the unknowns at the end points of the channels. The resultant matrix of branch-transformation equations and required boundary-condition equations is solved by Gaussian elimination using maximum pivot strategy.\r\nFive example applications of the flow model are illustrated. The applications cover such diverse conditions as a singular upland river reach in which unsteady flow results from hydropower regulations, coastal rivers composed of sequentially connected reaches subject to unsteady tide-driven flow, and a multiply connected network of channels whose flow is principally governed by wind tides and seiches in adjoining lakes.\r\nThe report includes a listing of the FORTRAN IV computer program and a description of the input data requirements. Model supporting programs for the processing and input of initial and boundary-value data are identified, various model output formats are illustrated, and instructions are given to permit the production of graphical output using the line printer, electromechanical pen plotters, cathode-ray-tube display units, or microfilm recorders.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/twri07C3","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Schaffranek, R.W., Baltzer, R., and Goldberg, D., 1981, A model for simulation of flow in singular and interconnected channels (1981 edition): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 07-C3, x, 110 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri07C3.","productDescription":"x, 110 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":344,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri7c3/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"1981 edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaffranek, Raymond W.","contributorId":86314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baltzer, R.A.","contributorId":86321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltzer","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldberg, D.E.","contributorId":66245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":11722,"text":"ofr81479 - 1981 - Documentation of a dissolved-solids model of the Tongue River, southeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:30","indexId":"ofr81479","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-479","title":"Documentation of a dissolved-solids model of the Tongue River, southeastern Montana","docAbstract":"A model has been developed for assessing potential increases in dissolved solids of the Tongue River as a result of leaching of overburden materials used to backfill pits in surface coal-mining operations. The model allows spatial and temporal simulation of streamflow and dissolved-solids loads and concentrations under user-defined scenarios of surface coal mining and agricultural development. The model routes an input quantity of streamflow and dissolved solids from the upstream end to the downstream end of a stream reach while algebraically accounting for gains and losses of streamflow and dissolved solids within the stream reach. Input data needed to operate the model include the following: simulation number, designation of hydrologic conditions for each simulated month, either user-defined or regression-defined concentrations of dissolved solids input by the Tongue River Reservoir, number of irrigated acres, number of mined acres, dissolved-solids concentration of mine leachates and quantity of other water losses. A listing of the Fortran computer program, definitions of all variables in the model, and an example output permit use of the model by interested persons. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81479","usgsCitation":"Woods, P.F., 1981, Documentation of a dissolved-solids model of the Tongue River, southeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-479, iii, 45 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81479.","productDescription":"iii, 45 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0479/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39609,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0479/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636bb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woods, Paul F.","contributorId":82273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":11395,"text":"ofr81355 - 1981 - Proceedings of the Symposium on Mineral Deposits of the Pacific Northwest: Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section meeting at Corvallis, Oregon, March 20-21, 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-25T20:41:57.412872","indexId":"ofr81355","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-355","title":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Mineral Deposits of the Pacific Northwest: Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section meeting at Corvallis, Oregon, March 20-21, 1980","docAbstract":"<p>Stratiform and volcanogenic zinc-lead-barium deposits occur within the pelagic Kagvik sequence in the Red Dog Creek and Drenchwater Creek areas in the DeLong Mountains and Howard Pass quadrangles. The sulfide deposits occur together with barite, tuff, sandstone, shale, chert, and keratophyre flows and sills. The three main occurrences of the stratiform zinc-lead-barium deposits in the Red Dog Creek area are: (1) thinly-bedded stratiform sulfide minerals in organic-rich Mississippian shale and chert; (2) massive sulfide vein and breccia fillings in Mississippian shale; and (3) massive stratiform barite lenses and nodules in chert and shale of the Siksikpuk Formation. The Drenchwater Creek area has only the first type. Sulfide-bearing zones of up to several thousand meters long occur in both areas with up to 19.5 percent Zn, 9.5 percent Pb, and locally more than 150 ppm Ag. Radiolaria from sulfide-bearing chert indicate in the Red Dog Creek area a Mississippian age of sulfide deposition. K/Ar ages of 319 + 10 m.y. and 330 + 17 m.y. obtained from biotite in keratophyre associated with sulfide-bearing tuff and chert in the Drenchwater Creek area indicate a Mississippian age of sulfide deposition.</p><p>Sulfur isotope analyses of sulfur-bearing minerals from the Red Dog Creek area indicate that a combination of sea water sulfate and deep-seated sulfur was probably the source of the barite sulfate whereas sulfur in the sulfide minerals may have had a deep-seated source. Sulfur isotope values for sphalerite and galena are similar in vein and stratiform occurrences. Using sulfur isotope geothermetry, spalerite-galena pairs yield paleotemperatures of between 115° and 305° C. Lead isotope analyses of galena from both the Red Dog Creek and Drenchwater Creek areas yield Triassic model ages of approximately 200 m.y. Lead isotope data from both areas approximate typical orogene, i.e., Andean-type arc, or mature island-arc values and exclude ocean floor rifting for the generation of lead. The isotopic, petrologic, and field data indicate the stratiform zinc-lead-barium deposits in the Red Dog Creek and Drenchwater Creek areas formed during a short-lived period of Mississippian submarine volcanism in either an incipient Andean-type arc, or mature island arc environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81355","usgsCitation":"Silberman, M.L., Field, C.W., and Berry, A.L., 1981, Proceedings of the Symposium on Mineral Deposits of the Pacific Northwest: Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section meeting at Corvallis, Oregon, March 20-21, 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-355, x, 345 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81355.","productDescription":"x, 345 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142569,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0355/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":431450,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0355/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, British Columbia, California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.34611710113654,\n              32.65609020834708\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.34611710113654,\n              71.66471626213414\n            ],\n            [\n              -170.5697252028482,\n              71.66471626213414\n            ],\n            [\n              -170.5697252028482,\n              32.65609020834708\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.34611710113654,\n              32.65609020834708\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db66045a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silberman, Miles L.","contributorId":92536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silberman","given":"Miles","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":907062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, C. W.","contributorId":40469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berry, Anne L.","contributorId":20598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":9951,"text":"ofr81316 - 1981 - Documentation and user's guide to the USGS oilspill risk analysis model: oilspill trajectories and calculation of conditional probabilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:19","indexId":"ofr81316","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-316","title":"Documentation and user's guide to the USGS oilspill risk analysis model: oilspill trajectories and calculation of conditional probabilities","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81316","usgsCitation":"Lanfear, K.J., and Samuels, W., 1981, Documentation and user's guide to the USGS oilspill risk analysis model: oilspill trajectories and calculation of conditional probabilities: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-316, iii, 99 p., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81316.","productDescription":"iii, 99 p., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0316/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37725,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0316/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d34f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanfear, Kenneth J.","contributorId":20738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanfear","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samuels, William B.","contributorId":13238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuels","given":"William B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":10962,"text":"ofr8213 - 1981 - An oilspill risk analysis for the Beaufort Sea, Alaska (proposed sale 71)outer continental shelf lease area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:26","indexId":"ofr8213","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-13","title":"An oilspill risk analysis for the Beaufort Sea, Alaska (proposed sale 71)outer continental shelf lease area","docAbstract":"An oilspill risk analysis was conducted to determine the relative environmental hazards of developing oil in different regions of the Beaufort Sea, Alaska, (Proposed Sale 71) Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) lease area. The probability of spill occurrences, likely movement of oil slicks, and locations of resources vulnerable to spilled oil were analyzed. The model predicted movement of the center of spill mass and estimated the times between spill occurrence and contact with various resources, to allow a qualitative assessment of oil characteristics at the time of contact; no direct computation was made of weathering and cleanup. The model also assumed that any oil spilled under ice would remain in place, unchanged, until spring breakup. Ice movements, or travel of oil under ice, if occurring, would affect the results in a manner not directly predictable at this time. The combined results of spill occurrence and spill movement predictions yielded estimates of the overall risks associated with development of the proposed lease area. Assuming that oil exists in the lease area (a 99.3-percent chance) it is estimated that the leasing of the tracts proposed for OCS Sale 71 will result in an expected 9.2 oilspills (of 1,000 barrels or larger) over the lease lifetime of 25 years. This estimate is based on historic oilspill accident data for platforms and pipelines on the U.S. OCS (Gulf of Mexico and California). The estimated probability that land will be contacted by one or more oilspills (of 1,000 barrels or larger) that have been at sea less than 30 days (not counting any time trapped under ice) is greater than 99.5 percent. If oilspill accident data for Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, is used in the analysis, it is estimated that 5.6 oilspills (1,000 barrels or larger) will occur over the lease lifetime. The estimated probability that one or more oilspills (1,000 barrels or larger)will occur and contact land is99 percent. The results of a recent experimental cleanup operation for oilspills under ice in Canadian Arctic waters showed a substantial degree of success; this should be considered in evaluating impacts of spills predicted by this model. Oilspill occurrence probabilities are high primarily because of the large amount of oil believed to be present in the area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8213","usgsCitation":"Samuels, W., Hopkins, D., and Lanfear, K., 1981, An oilspill risk analysis for the Beaufort Sea, Alaska (proposed sale 71)outer continental shelf lease area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-13, viii, 111 p., ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8213.","productDescription":"viii, 111 p., ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0013/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38734,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684199","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Samuels, W.B.","contributorId":85958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuels","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopkins, Dorothy","contributorId":11614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"Dorothy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lanfear, K.J.","contributorId":14392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanfear","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":4232,"text":"cir802 - 1981 - The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic and resources maps of the Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-22T13:58:22.298212","indexId":"cir802","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"802","title":"The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic and resources maps of the Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles (1:250,000) are a part of the Alaska Peninsula in southwestern Alaska. This circular and a companion folio of maps represent results of integrated field and laboratory studies by an interdisciplinary team on geology, geophysics, geochemistry, mineral resources, geochronology, and energy resources to provide a modern assessment of the mineral and energy resources of the quadrangles. The maps contain descriptive text, explanatory material, tables and diagrams, and pertinent references. This circular provides the background data for the mineral and energy resource assessment and integrates the component maps. A comprehensive bibliography cites both specific and general references relevant to the geology and resources of the quadrangles.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir802","usgsCitation":"Detterman, R.L., Case, J.E., Cox, D.P., Detra, D., Miller, T.P., and Wilson, F.H., 1981, The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic and resources maps of the Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 802, iii, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir802.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31346,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1981/0802/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139313,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1981/0802/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683437","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Detterman, Robert L.","contributorId":71526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detterman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Case, J. E.","contributorId":56625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, D. P.","contributorId":82689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Detra, D.E.","contributorId":72358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detra","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, T. P.","contributorId":49345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":148497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":11527,"text":"ofr81134 - 1981 - Reconnaissance of the Hot Springs Mountains and adjacent areas, Churchill County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-20T19:21:56.109758","indexId":"ofr81134","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-134","title":"Reconnaissance of the Hot Springs Mountains and adjacent areas, Churchill County, Nevada","docAbstract":"A geologic reconnaissance of the Hot Springs Mountains and adjacent areas, which include parts of the Brady-Hazen and the Stillwater-Soda Lake Known Geothermal Resource Areas, during June-December 1975, resulted in a reinterpretation of the nature and location of some Basin and Range faults. In addition, the late Cenozoic stratigraphy has been modified, chiefly on the basis of radiometric dates of volcanic rocks by U.S. Geological Survey personnel and others. The Hot Springs Mountains are in the western part of the Basin and Range province, which is characterized by east-west crustal extension and associated normal faulting. In the surrounding Trinity, West Humboldt, Stillwater, and Desert Mountains, Cenozoic rocks overlie ' basement ' rocks of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic age. A similar relation is inferred in the Hot Springs Mountains. Folding and faulting have taken place from the late Tertiary to the present. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81134","usgsCitation":"Voegtly, N.E., 1981, Reconnaissance of the Hot Springs Mountains and adjacent areas, Churchill County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-134, Report: iii, 10 p.; 1 Plate: 24.24 × 33.28 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81134.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 10 p.; 1 Plate: 24.24 × 33.28 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389495,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75406.htm"},{"id":39390,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0134/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39391,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0134/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0134/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Churchill County","otherGeospatial":"Hot Springs Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.1628,\n              39.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.75,\n              39.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.75,\n              39.9167\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.1628,\n              39.9167\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.1628,\n              39.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688665","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voegtly, Nickolas E.","contributorId":18004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voegtly","given":"Nickolas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":11490,"text":"ofr81764 - 1981 - Bed form distribution and inferred sand transport on Georges Bank","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-04T19:44:07.118897","indexId":"ofr81764","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-764","title":"Bed form distribution and inferred sand transport on Georges Bank","docAbstract":"<p>Four bed-form provinces have been identified on Georges Bank using sidescan sonar and echo-sounding techniques: large sand waves, small sand waves, megaripples, and featureless sea floor. The large sand waves are found on the bank crest where the surface tidal currents are strongest, and are bordered, north and south, by areas of small sand waves and/or megaripples, formed where tidal currents are moderate in strength. Featureless sea floor is found farthest from the bank crest where surface tidal currents are weakest.</p><p>Bed-form asymmetry and surface-sediment texture have been used to infer bedload transport paths on the bank. In the large sand-wave area, bed forms converge on linear northwest-striking ridges from both sides implying erosion from the troughs and growth of the ridges. The asymmetry of the small sand waves along the south side of the bank indicates that sand is also transported southward away from the bank. Though the bed-form asymmetry of megaripples could not be determined in this study, the occurrence of megaripples between the sand-wave provinces and areas of featureless sea floor suggests a decreasing effectiveness of sand transport away from the bank crest. This sand transport pattern is further supported by surface-sediment texture which becomes progressively finer both to the north and southwest away from the crest of Georges Bank.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81764","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D.C., 1981, Bed form distribution and inferred sand transport on Georges Bank: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-764, iii, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81764.","productDescription":"iii, 32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":409183,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0764/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0764/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Georges Bank","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.7958984375,\n              39.87601941962116\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.2587890625,\n              39.87601941962116\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.2587890625,\n              44.68427737181225\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.7958984375,\n              44.68427737181225\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.7958984375,\n              39.87601941962116\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63dc0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":163231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}