A general computer code, developed to calculate anelastic reflection-refraction coefficients, energy flow, and the physical characteristics for general P, S-I, and S-II waves, quantitatively describes physical characteristics for wave fields in anelastic media that do not exist in elastic media. Consideration of wave fields incident on boundaries between anelastic media shows that scattered wave fields experience reductions in phase and energy speeds, increases in maximum attenuation and Q−1, and directions of maximum energy flow distinct from phase propagation. Each of these changes in physical characteristics are shown to vary with angle of incidence. Finite relaxation times for anelastic media result in energy flow due to interaction of superimposed radiation fields and contribute to energy flow across anelastic boundaries for all angles of incidence. Agreement of theoretical and numerical results with laboratory measurements argues for the validity of the theoretical and numerical formulations incorporating inhomogeneous wave fields. The agreement attests to the applicability of the model and helps confirm the existence of inhomogeneous body waves and their associated set of distinct physical characteristics in the earth. The existence of such body waves in layered, low-loss anelastic solids implies the need to reformulate some seismological models of the earth. The exact anelastic formulation for a liquid-solid interface with no low-loss approximations predicts the existence of a range of angles of incidence or an anelastic Rayleigh window, through which significant amounts of energy are transmitted across the boundary. The window accounts for the discrepancy apparent between measured reflection data presented in early textbooks and predictions based on classical elasticity theory. Characteristics of the anelastic Rayleigh window are expected to be evident in certain sets of wide-angle, ocean-bottom reflection data and to be useful in estimating Q−1 for some ocean bottom reflectors.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB091iB11p11503","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R.D., Glassmoyer, G., and Wennerberg, L., 1986, Influence of welded boundaries in anelastic media on energy flow, and characteristics of P, S-I, and S-II waves: Observational evidence for inhomogeneous body waves in low-loss solids: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 91, no. B11, p. 11503-11518, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB11p11503.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"11503","endPage":"11518","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glassmoyer, Gary","contributorId":28619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glassmoyer","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wennerberg, Leif","contributorId":96008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wennerberg","given":"Leif","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70233968,"text":"70233968 - 1986 - Short-period strain (0.1–105 s): Near-source strain field for an earthquake (ML 3.2) near San Juan Bautista, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-28T14:08:19.543582","indexId":"70233968","displayToPublicDate":"1986-10-10T08:54:46","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Short-period strain (0.1–105 s): Near-source strain field for an earthquake (ML 3.2) near San Juan Bautista, California","title":"Short-period strain (0.1–105 s): Near-source strain field for an earthquake (ML 3.2) near San Juan Bautista, California","docAbstract":"Measurements of dilational earth strain in the frequency band 25–10−5 Hz have been made on a deep borehole strainmeter installed near the San Andreas fault. These data are used to determine seismic radiation fields during nuclear explosions, teleseisms, local earthquakes, and ground noise during seismically quiet times. Strains of less than 10−10 on these instruments can be clearly resolved at short periods (< 10 s) and are recorded with wide dynamic range digital recorders. This permits measurement of the static and dynamic strain variations in the near field of local earthquakes. Noise spectra for earth strain referenced to 1 (strain)2/Hz show that strain resolution decreases at about 10 dB per decade of frequency from −150 dB at 10−4 Hz to −223 dB at 10 Hz. Exact expressions are derived to relate the volumetric strain and displacement field for a homogeneous P wave in a general viscoelastic solid as observed on colocated dilatometers and seismometers. A rare near-field recording of strain and seismic velocity was obtained on May 26, 1984, from an earthquake (ML 3.2) at a hypocentral distance of 3.2 km near the San Andreas fault at San Juan Bautista, California. While the data indicate no precursory strain release at the 5 × 10−11 strain level, a coseismic strain release of 1.86 nanostrain was observed. This change in strain is consistent with that calculated from a simple dislocation model of the event. Ground displacement spectra, determined from the downhole strain data and instrument-corrected surface seismic data, suggest that source parameters estimated from surface recordings may be contaminated by amplification effects in near-surface low-velocity materials.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB091iB11p11497","usgsCitation":"Johnston, M., Borcherdt, R.D., and Linde, A.T., 1986, Short-period strain (0.1–105 s): Near-source strain field for an earthquake (ML 3.2) near San Juan Bautista, California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 91, no. B11, p. 11497-11502, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB11p11497.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"11497","endPage":"11502","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Juan Bautista","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.79855346679686,\n 36.70916449436405\n ],\n [\n -121.40579223632812,\n 36.70916449436405\n ],\n [\n -121.40579223632812,\n 36.99048777141413\n ],\n [\n -121.79855346679686,\n 36.99048777141413\n ],\n [\n -121.79855346679686,\n 36.70916449436405\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Linde, A. T.","contributorId":21700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linde","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70121226,"text":"70121226 - 1986 - Monitoring grizzly bear population trends","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-20T10:20:19","indexId":"70121226","displayToPublicDate":"1986-10-01T10:15:44","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring grizzly bear population trends","docAbstract":"A simple different equation model was developed to provide additional perspective on observed mortality and trend data on Yellowstone grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis). Records of mortalities of adult females from 1959 to 1985 were utilized, in conjunction with data on females with cubs. The overall downward trend of observed numbers of females with cubs generally agrees with the model calculations but does not adequately reflect mortality from 1970 to 1974. The model may be useful in developing a composite index of population trend.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.2307/3800971","usgsCitation":"Eberhardt, L., Knight, R., and Blanchard, B., 1986, Monitoring grizzly bear population trends: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 50, no. 4, p. 613-618, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800971.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"618","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292616,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292615,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3800971"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Montana;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.156,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,44.1324 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5b657e4b09d12e0e8e700","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberhardt, L.L.","contributorId":72313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberhardt","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knight, R.R.","contributorId":59063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blanchard, B.M.","contributorId":40907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70121265,"text":"70121265 - 1986 - Development and evaluation of habitat suitability criteria for use in the instream flow incremental methodology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-20T13:57:55","indexId":"70121265","displayToPublicDate":"1986-09-01T13:51:51","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"FWS/OBS-86/7","title":"Development and evaluation of habitat suitability criteria for use in the instream flow incremental methodology","docAbstract":"The Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) is a habitat-based tool used to evaluate the environmental consequences of various water and land use practices. As such, knowledge about the conditions that provide favorable habitat for a species, and those that do not, is necessary for successful implementation of the methodology. In the context of IFIM, this knowledge is defined as habitat suitability criteria: characteristic behavioral traits of a species that are established as standards for comparison in the decision-making process.
\nHabitat suitability criteria may be expressed in a variety of types and formats. The type, or category, refers to the procedure used to develop the criteria. Category I criteria are based on professional judgment, with little or no empirical data. Category II criteria have as their source, microhabitat data collected at locations where target organisms are observed or collected. These are called “utilization” functions because they are based on observed locations that were used by the target organism. These functions tend to be biased by the environmental conditions that were available to the fish or invertebrates at the time they were observed. Correction of the utilization function for environmental availability creates category III, or “preference” criteria, which tend to be much less site specific than category II criteria.
\nThere are also several ways to express habitat suitability in graphical form. The binary format establishes a suitable range for each variable as it pertains to a life stage of interest, and is presented graphically as a step function. The quality rating for a variable is 1.0 if it falls within the range of the criteria, and 0.0 if it falls outside the range. The univariate curve format established both the usable range and the optimum range for each variable, with conditions of intermediate usability expressed along the portion between the tails and the peak of the curve. Multivariate probability density functions, which can be used to compute suitability for several variables simultaneously, are conveyed as three dimensional figures with suitability on the z-axis, and two independent variables on the x-y plane. These functions are useful for incorporating interactive terms between two or more variable. Such interactions can also be demonstrated using conditional criteria, which are stratified by cover type or substrate size. Conditional criteria may be of any category or format, but are distinguishable by two or more sets of functional relationships for each life stage.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Instream Flow Information Paper #21","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"USDI Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Bovee, K.D., 1986, Development and evaluation of habitat suitability criteria for use in the instream flow incremental methodology, 235 p.","productDescription":"235 p.","numberOfPages":"235","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292666,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5b64de4b09d12e0e8e68b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bovee, Ken D.","contributorId":100447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovee","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014607,"text":"70014607 - 1986 - Theory, construction and operation of simple tensiometers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-30T11:56:45.009597","indexId":"70014607","displayToPublicDate":"1986-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10067,"text":"Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Theory, construction and operation of simple tensiometers","docAbstract":"The tensiometer, introduced by Richards and Gardner (1936) has been a tool often ignored in unsaturated zone investigations. Hazardous waste disposal studies that require values of unsaturated zone matric potentials will expand tensiometer use. Familiarity with operation and installation principles is necessary to ensure quality data collection.
The essential elements of a tensiometer are a porous cup connected with tubing to a vacuum gauge; all are filled with water. When the porous cup is buried in unsaturated soil, the soil draws water through the cup wall, until the water tension inside the cup equals the surrounding soil-water tension. The tension is transmitted through the water filled tube to an accessible vacuum gauge (manometer or transducer) and is recorded manually or automatically.
Although specialized tensiometers exist, the tensiometer presented here in detail is suited to diverse on-site applications. Constructed from readily available, inexpensive parts, it can measure as much as 0.85 bar of tension. Design features include a flushing system for removal of entrapped air or mercury, and an easily maintained modular network of nylon manometers and water-supply tubes.
Good hydraulic connection between porous cup and soil and meticulous backfill procedures are necessary for accurate measurement of representative matric potentials. Proper and consistent use of tensiometers should yield reliable values of matric potentials, and lead to a better understanding of unsaturated zone processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.1986.tb00952.x","usgsCitation":"Stannard, D.I., 1986, Theory, construction and operation of simple tensiometers: Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation, v. 6, no. 3, p. 70-78, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1986.tb00952.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225968,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb204e4b08c986b325551","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stannard, David I. distanna@usgs.gov","contributorId":562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stannard","given":"David","email":"distanna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171485,"text":"70171485 - 1986 - Use of borehole neutron logs to estimate moisture content in the unsaturated zone of an alluvial aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T14:24:52","indexId":"70171485","displayToPublicDate":"1986-08-15T11:45:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of borehole neutron logs to estimate moisture content in the unsaturated zone of an alluvial aquifer","docAbstract":"he neutron borehole logging tool was calibrated for the determination of moisture content in theunsaturated zone of an alluvial aquifer. A continuous core sample was collected to a depth of 15 ft from the unsaturated zone.Moisture content and other soil properties were determined by standard soil-laboratory techniques. The neutron logs profile was correlated to moisture content. The first correlation included all the data points within the unsaturated zone. A correlation coefficient of 0.72 was obtained. An inspection of the plotted data showed that points at the upper extreme of the fitted line departed significantly. A second correlation was tried eliminating data points 1, 3, and 5 which fell too low in the first trial. An almost perfect correlation coefficient of 0.99 was obtained for the data points that were included in the second trial. The criteria used to select the data points for the second correlation trial was that all these points also fell on the left most limit of the neutronprofile. The neutron logs profile, which is like a type of harmonic curve seems to be affected by an undefined factor. Analyzing the shape of the neutron profile it is inferred that hysteresis is the most probable phenomena that is affecting this moisture content profile. Although correlating neutron logs to moisture content is not a straight forward procedure, with an appropriate analysis, calibrated neutron logging tools can be used to determine the moisture content within the unsaturated zone of aquifers. Moisture content should be determined for calibration purposes at least at every foot of depth. Measurements of other elements or factors which may produce the harmonic curve effect might be included in further studies.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Third Caribbean Islands Water-Resources Congress","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Third Caribbean Islands Water-Resources Congress","conferenceDate":"July 22-25, 1986","conferenceLocation":"U.S. Virgin Islands","language":"English","publisher":"Puerto Rico Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"San Juan, P.R","usgsCitation":"Quinones-Aponte, V., and Carrasquillo, R., 1986, Use of borehole neutron logs to estimate moisture content in the unsaturated zone of an alluvial aquifer, in Proceedings of the Third Caribbean Islands Water-Resources Congress, U.S. Virgin Islands, July 22-25, 1986, p. 57-60.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"60","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322029,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57500782e4b0ee97d51bb810","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Quinones, Ferdinand","contributorId":44138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinones","given":"Ferdinand","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631279,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanchez, A.V.","contributorId":94731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631280,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, H.","contributorId":48583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631281,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Quinones-Aponte, Vicente","contributorId":48552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinones-Aponte","given":"Vicente","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carrasquillo, Ramon A.","contributorId":100815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrasquillo","given":"Ramon A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70171280,"text":"70171280 - 1986 - Estimating ground-water influx to a portion of the Rio Grande de Manati River basin in Puerto Rico through the measurement of 222Rn","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T09:19:11","indexId":"70171280","displayToPublicDate":"1986-07-23T18:30:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimating ground-water influx to a portion of the Rio Grande de Manati River basin in Puerto Rico through the measurement of 222Rn","docAbstract":"Water has become a critical commodity in the Caribbean Region. In spite of a relative abundance of rainfall even on the smaller islands, the region is faced with severe seasonal shortages as well as increasing water quality problems. The supply of thewater needs in the area will become even more critical as economic development accelerates and the population continues to increase. The development of the necessary infrastructure to supply the water needs of the next 30 years will require large capital investments. Perhaps even more important, it will require training of scientists and technicians in the investigation and management of the limited waterresources. The lack of trained personnel could be the most important factor in the solution of the water resources problems in the region. The principal objectives of this ' Third Caribbean Islands Water Resources Congress ', were to provide a focus for the transfer of technology on hydrology and water resources investigations in the region. The severe quality problems that affect water supplies in the U.S. Virgin Islands are the subject of two papers. The importance of a reliable data base on water use in small islands is considered in a paper on water use in St. Croix. Advanced techniques are discussed on how to measure groundwater contributions to runoff, use of geochemical techniques for interpretation of water quality characteristics, use of dye tracers in karst areas, simulation of small island 's aquifers, and use of borehole geophysical tools to estimate moisture. The contamination of groundwater resources is discussed in several papers focusing on monitoring, sludge management, and environmental assessment. (See W89-04666 thru W89-04682) (Lantz-PTT)
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Third Caribbean Islands Water-Resources Congress","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Third Caribbean Islands Water-Resources Congress","conferenceDate":"July 22-25, 1986","conferenceLocation":"U.S. Virgin Islands","language":"English","publisher":"Puerto Rico Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"San Juan, P.R","usgsCitation":"Ellins, K.K., Roman-Mas, A., and Lee, R.W., 1986, Estimating ground-water influx to a portion of the Rio Grande de Manati River basin in Puerto Rico through the measurement of 222Rn, in Proceedings of the Third Caribbean Islands Water-Resources Congress, U.S. Virgin Islands, July 22-25, 1986.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321728,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e30e4b07e28b664dba2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Quinones, Ferdinand","contributorId":44138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinones","given":"Ferdinand","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631638,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanchez, A.V.","contributorId":94731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631639,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, H.","contributorId":48583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631640,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Ellins, K. Kelly","contributorId":32681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellins","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kelly","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roman-Mas, Angel","contributorId":59816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman-Mas","given":"Angel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Roger W.","contributorId":105273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70210761,"text":"70210761 - 1986 - Glacial sequence near McCall, Idaho: Weathering rinds, soil development, morphology, and other relative-age criteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-24T13:39:37.696569","indexId":"70210761","displayToPublicDate":"1986-06-23T12:19:10","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacial sequence near McCall, Idaho: Weathering rinds, soil development, morphology, and other relative-age criteria","docAbstract":"The sequence of glacial deposits near McCall, Idaho, previously assigned to the Pinedale and Bull Lake glaciations, contains deposits of four different ages. These ages are defined by multiple relative-age criteria, including weathering rinds, soil development, surface-rock weathering, morainal morphology, and loess stratigraphy. The thickness of weathering rinds on basaltic clasts is statistically representative and reproducible and can be used to estimate numerical ages. Following in order of decreasing relation to age are soil development, surface-rock weathering, and moraine morphology. The glacial deposits near McCall appear to correspond to times of high worldwide ice volume indicated by the marine oxygen-isotope record. Pilgrim Cove and McCall deposits, both assigned to the Pinedale glaciation, are late Wisconsin in age, perhaps 14,000 and 20,000 years, respectively. They represent a rare case in which deposits of Pinedale age can be separated by relative-age data. Timber Ridge deposits, assigned to the Bull Lake glaciation, have subdued, but well-preserved morainal morphology; relative-age data indicate that they are pre-Wisconsin in age, probably about 140,000–150,000 years old, although we cannot exclude an older age. Williams Creek deposits are clearly distinct from, and intermediate in age between, McCall and Timber Ridge deposits. Weathering rinds and the inferred ages of the other deposits suggest an early Wisconsin age for Williams Creek deposits.
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S.M.","contributorId":32851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":791313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, Kenneth L. kpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":1609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Kenneth","email":"kpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182144,"text":"70182144 - 1986 - An inverse method using toroidal mode data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-16T15:20:50","indexId":"70182144","displayToPublicDate":"1986-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2103,"text":"Inverse Problems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An inverse method using toroidal mode data","docAbstract":"The author presents a numerical method for calculating the density and S-wave velocity in the upper mantle of a spherically symmetric, non-rotating Earth which consists of a perfect elastic, isotropic material. The data comes from the periods of the toroidal oscillations. She tests the method on a smoothed version of model A. The error in the reconstruction is less than 1%. The effects of perturbations in the eigenvalues are studied and she finds that the final model is sensitive to errors in the data.
","language":"English","publisher":"IOPscience","doi":"10.1088/0266-5611/2/1/009","issn":"0266-5611","usgsCitation":"Willis, C., 1986, An inverse method using toroidal mode data: Inverse Problems, v. 2, no. 1, p. 111-130, https://doi.org/10.1088/0266-5611/2/1/009.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"130","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":335786,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c85de4b025c46428631d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willis, C.","contributorId":12748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70121081,"text":"70121081 - 1986 - Habitat use and terrestrial activity by red tree voles (Arborimus longicaudus) in Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T16:49:41","indexId":"70121081","displayToPublicDate":"1986-05-01T13:10:35","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use and terrestrial activity by red tree voles (Arborimus longicaudus) in Oregon","docAbstract":"Several species of vertebrates may find optimal habitat for breeding, nesting, or foraging in old-growth (>200 years old) confierous forests in the Pacific Northwest. Old-growth forests are economically valuable, however, and most unprotected stands will be cut within 40 years (Franklin et al., 1981). Meslow et al. (1981) and Raphael (1984) identified a critical need to document habitat use and establish the relationship of wildlife species in these forests.
\nIn 1983, we operated arrays of pitfall traps for six months to investigate habitat use by terrestrial herpetofauna and small mammals in four age classes of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forest in and near the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Linn and Lane counties, Oregon. Red tree voles, Arborimus longicaudus, were among the mammals captured. This species is considered to find optimum habitat in old-growth forests (Franklin et al., 1981; Meslow et al., 1981), but quantitative data on the local occurrence of the species are lacking. Here we report on habitat use by A. longicaudus and document terrestrial activity for this presumably arboreal species.
\nA pitfall array was located in each of 18 stands dominated by Douglas-fir. Each array consisted of two sets of three 5-m aluminum drift fences each with pitfall traps (No. 10 tin cans; 6.4 l in volume) at the ends of the fences (see Bury and Raphael, 1983). The 18 stands represented four successional stages based on estimated age: 3 pre-canopy (clear cuts 5-9 years old), 3 young (30-69 years), 4 mature (76-150 years), and 8 old-growth (195-450 years). Additionally, old-growth stands were ranked on a general moisture gradient (wet, mesic, or dry) based on aspect, topographic position, and presence of indicator plant species. Pitfall traps were operated continuously for 180 days from late May to late November, 1983.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.2307/1380898","usgsCitation":"Corn, P., and Bury, R.B., 1986, Habitat use and terrestrial activity by red tree voles (Arborimus longicaudus) in Oregon: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 67, no. 2, p. 404-406, https://doi.org/10.2307/1380898.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"404","endPage":"406","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292572,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292571,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1380898"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.6129,41.9918 ], [ -124.6129,46.292 ], [ -116.4633,46.292 ], [ -116.4633,41.9918 ], [ -124.6129,41.9918 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"67","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464cbe4b073ff773a7d17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corn, Paul Stephen 0000-0002-4106-6335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6335","contributorId":107379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"Paul Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003187,"text":"1003187 - 1986 - Does pH affect fish species richness when lake area is considered?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-08T16:30:35.446407","indexId":"1003187","displayToPublicDate":"1986-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does pH affect fish species richness when lake area is considered?","docAbstract":"Numerous surveys have shown that fish species richness (number of species) is positively correlated with lake pH. However, species richness of fish communities is also correlated with lake size, and low‐pH lakes are often small. Thus, conclusions drawn from examination of fish community structure relative to spatial (among‐lake) variation in pH have been limited by uncertainties regarding the confounded effects of lake area. We used two statistical methods, analysis of covariance and a nonparametric blocked comparison test, to remove effects of lake area and compare fish species richness in low‐pH and high‐pH lakes. Data from six previous surveys of water chemistry and fish communities in lakes of Ontario and northern Wisconsin were examined. Lakes with low pH (≤6.0) contained significantly fewer fish species than lakes with high pH (>6.0) when the effect of lake area was considered. A simple probabilistic model showed that the ability to detect differences in species richness is low when lake areas and the pool of potential colonizing species are small. We recommend the blocked comparison test for separating the effects of lake area and pH on species richness and urge critical examination of inferences based on analyses of fish communities in small lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<438:DPAFSR>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rago, P., and Wiener, J., 1986, Does pH affect fish species richness when lake area is considered?: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 115, no. 3, p. 438-447, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<438:DPAFSR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"438","endPage":"447","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199402,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Ontario, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.3428963904647,\n 53.05423207378681\n ],\n [\n -95.06663345838915,\n 49.84198591717103\n ],\n [\n -92.831369545566,\n 44.28539048218653\n ],\n [\n -91.26927281398797,\n 43.44516557063929\n ],\n [\n -90.8334214078222,\n 42.54490074252436\n ],\n [\n -87.01410605822231,\n 42.440864659121644\n ],\n [\n -86.01750679878438,\n 45.470368842993665\n ],\n [\n -79.75120634729265,\n 46.52265612463563\n ],\n [\n -79.53681665403423,\n 53.53264029553128\n ],\n [\n -88.55944497110296,\n 57.09165271877964\n ],\n [\n -95.3428963904647,\n 53.05423207378681\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633ddf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rago, P.J.","contributorId":50099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rago","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015080,"text":"70015080 - 1986 - An instrument system for monitoring and sampling suspended sediment in the benthic boundary layer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-18T16:21:28.918837","indexId":"70015080","displayToPublicDate":"1986-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An instrument system for monitoring and sampling suspended sediment in the benthic boundary layer","docAbstract":"An instrument system has been constructed that can monitor and sample suspended sediment distributions in the benthic boundary layer. It consists of miniature nephelometers and suspended sediment samplers placed within one meter of the seabed. The system is capable of continuously monitoring suspended sediment profiles at eight levels between 14 and 100 cm above the seabed and collecting suspended sediment samples at four levels (20, 50, 70 and 100 cm) at three times during a deployment period.
The suspended sediment system is designed to fit onto the instrumented tripod GEOPROBE which contains four electromagnetic current meters, pressure sensor, bottom stereo camera, two temperature sensors, transmissometer, and a Savonius rotor current meter. Sensor operation, data recording, and sediment sampling events are synchronized. Thus detailed measurements of the near-bottom flow conditions are made concurrently with suspended sediment measurements. The combined system has been used in sediment transporting environments within San Francisco Bay, California, and Puget Sound, Washington.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(86)90069-1","usgsCitation":"Sternberg, R., Johnson, R., Cacchione, D., and Drake, D., 1986, An instrument system for monitoring and sampling suspended sediment in the benthic boundary layer: Marine Geology, v. 71, no. 3-4, p. 187-199, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(86)90069-1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"199","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223635,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea7ee4b0c8380cd488cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sternberg, R.W.","contributorId":90872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sternberg","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, R.V. II","contributorId":103417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.V.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":370011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70121355,"text":"70121355 - 1986 - Sediment transport simulation in an armoured stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-21T09:10:08","indexId":"70121355","displayToPublicDate":"1986-03-24T09:04:56","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Sediment transport simulation in an armoured stream","docAbstract":"Improved methods of calculating bed material stability and transport must be developed for a gravel bed stream having an armoured surface in order to use the HEC-6 model to examine channel change. Good possibilities exist for use of a two layer model based on the Schoklitsch and the Einstein-Brown transport equations. In Einstein-Brown the D35 of the armour is used for stabilities and the D50 of the bed (sub-surface) is used for transport. Data on the armour and sub-surface size distribution needs to be obtained as part of a bed material study in a gravel bed river; a \"shovel\" sample is not adequate. The Meyer-Peter, Muller equation should not be applied to a gravel bed stream with an armoured surface to estimate the initiation of transport or for calculation of transport at low effective bed shear stress.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Fourth Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference","conferenceTitle":"Fourth Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference","conferenceDate":"1986-03-24T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Subcommittee on Sedimentation of the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., Bradley, J.B., and Loeffler, C.L., 1986, Sediment transport simulation in an armoured stream, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292734,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f707e4e4b05ec1f2431c17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, Jeffrey B.","contributorId":29272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loeffler, Cindy L.","contributorId":20262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loeffler","given":"Cindy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185583,"text":"70185583 - 1986 - Predictive accuracy of a ground-water model--Lessons from a postaudit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T11:58:36","indexId":"70185583","displayToPublicDate":"1986-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictive accuracy of a ground-water model--Lessons from a postaudit","docAbstract":"Hydrogeologic studies commonly include the development, calibration, and application of a deterministic simulation model. To help assess the value of using such models to make predictions, a postaudit was conducted on a previously studied area in the Salt River and lower Santa Cruz River basins in central Arizona. A deterministic, distributed-parameter model of the ground-water system in these alluvial basins was calibrated by Anderson (1968) using about 40 years of data (1923–64). The calibrated model was then used to predict future water-level changes during the next 10 years (1965–74). Examination of actual water-level changes in 77 wells from 1965–74 indicates a poor correlation between observed and predicted water-level changes. The differences have a mean of 73 ft that is, predicted declines consistently exceeded those observed and a standard deviation of 47 ft. The bias in the predicted water-level change can be accounted for by the large error in the assumed total pumpage during the prediction period. However, the spatial distribution of errors in predicted water-level change does not correlate with the spatial distribution of errors in pumpage. Consequently, the lack of precision probably is not related only to errors in assumed pumpage, but may indicate the presence of other sources of error in the model, such as the two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional problem or the lack of consideration of land-subsidence processes. This type of postaudit is a valuable method of verifying a model, and an evaluation of predictive errors can provide an increased understanding of the system and aid in assessing the value of undertaking development of a revised model.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb00993.x","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., 1986, Predictive accuracy of a ground-water model--Lessons from a postaudit: Groundwater, v. 24, no. 2, p. 173-184, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb00993.x.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"173","endPage":"184","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338253,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Salt River basin, Lower Santa Cruz River basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.40087890624999,\n 32.36140331527543\n ],\n [\n -109.88525390624999,\n 32.36140331527543\n ],\n [\n -109.88525390624999,\n 36.27970720524017\n ],\n [\n -113.40087890624999,\n 36.27970720524017\n ],\n [\n -113.40087890624999,\n 32.36140331527543\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d6303ae4b05ec7991310fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014950,"text":"70014950 - 1986 - Wetland ecosystems studies from a hydrologic perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-22T16:23:14.326231","indexId":"70014950","displayToPublicDate":"1986-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wetland ecosystems studies from a hydrologic perspective","docAbstract":"Selected studies from the literature were reviewed to determine the extent of knowledge about the relationship between hydrology and wetland ecosystem studies. Wetland studies of chemical input-output relationships have been the most dependent on hydrologic data of all wetland investigations; yet, very few of these studies have attempted to measure all components of a wetland's water balance. Usually, unmeasured components were calculated as the difference between measured inputs and outputs. Ground water frequently was overlooked. Chemical input-output investigations primarily were concerned with determining the amount of input retained in the wetlands. Few studies also included direct measurement of biogeochemical processes within wetlands of elements that were part of simultaneous input-output investigations. The importance of uncertainties in chemical budgets that are due to uncertainties in hydrologic budgets has been addressed in very few wetland investigations. Although many studies have emphasized the importance of hydrology to wetland ecosystem research, few studies have documented this, so that hydrology remains one of the least understood components of wetland ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb01853.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"LaBaugh, J.W., 1986, Wetland ecosystems studies from a hydrologic perspective: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 22, no. 1, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb01853.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc39fe4b08c986b32b2af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaBaugh, James W. 0000-0002-4112-2536 jlabaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4112-2536","contributorId":1311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"James","email":"jlabaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014968,"text":"70014968 - 1986 - Identification of solute loading sources to a surface stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-22T16:34:42.54314","indexId":"70014968","displayToPublicDate":"1986-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of solute loading sources to a surface stream","docAbstract":"A study was performed to identify sources of solute loading to the Dirty Devil River and its major tributaries, in southeastern Utah. A primary goal was to determine the contribution of gypsum dissolution to total dissolved solids concentration, and its potential increase in the future if salinity control measures are instituted. Synoptic field data were collected during the low flow period in October 1983. Data were analyzed using the geochemistry models WATEQF and BALANCE to postulate mineral reactions leading to solute loading. Three known sources of solute loading, involving two different geochemical mechanisms, were clearly discernable. Two additional areas of possible gypsum dissolution were located.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb01863.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Rittmaster, R., and Mueller, D., 1986, Identification of solute loading sources to a surface stream: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 22, no. 1, p. 81-89, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb01863.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"89","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223791,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a383ce4b0c8380cd614c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rittmaster, R. L.","contributorId":55861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rittmaster","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, D. K.","contributorId":93525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"D. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206241,"text":"70206241 - 1986 - Application of continuous seismic reflection methods to hydrologic studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-25T13:09:55","indexId":"70206241","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-31T12:55:07","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of continuous seismic reflection methods to hydrologic studies","docAbstract":"Oil and gas exploration and engineering studies in water‐covered areas routinely use continuous seismic profiling techniques to obtain subsurface geologic information. Such profiling also can be used effectively in hydrologic studies to define the geologic framework of aquifer systems, to locate hydrologic boundaries, and in some places, to interpret the lithologic character of aquifers and confining beds.
High‐resolution continuous seismic profiling, through the use of nonexplosive sound sources, can be used to produce continuous records that require little data processing before hydrogeologic interpretation. High‐resolution tuned transducer, minisparker, Uniboom, and small airgun systems operating from small boats in shallow water are capable of transmitting energy that can penetrate up to a hundred meters of earth materials. The resulting analog records of the reflected seismic signal closely resemble geologic sections.
Surveys on the Housatonic River in Connecticut and Massachusetts, and on the Connecticut River, in water from 1 to 10 meters deep, have defined the bedrock surface beneath 60 meters of stratified drift. Seismic‐reflection profiling also was used to determine the extent and thickness of recent lake‐bottom deposits in two Connecticut lakes.
Surveys along 90 kilometers of river channels in the Sarasota‐port Charlotte, Florida, area defined in detail the stratigrapahy and continuity of the shallow aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb01455.x","usgsCitation":"Haeni, F., 1986, Application of continuous seismic reflection methods to hydrologic studies: Groundwater, v. 24, no. 1, p. 23-31, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb01455.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"31","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368616,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Connecticut River, Housatonic River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.25982666015625,\n 41.304634388885916\n ],\n [\n -72.586669921875,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -72.5592041015625,\n 42.02481360781777\n ],\n [\n -72.6800537109375,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -72.69927978515625,\n 41.69752591075902\n ],\n [\n -72.44659423828125,\n 41.32732632036622\n ],\n [\n -72.3944091796875,\n 41.269549502842565\n ],\n [\n -72.25982666015625,\n 41.304634388885916\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.0971908569336,\n 41.17529461608787\n ],\n [\n -73.0594253540039,\n 41.30386066106877\n ],\n [\n -73.14971923828125,\n 41.37835427979543\n ],\n [\n -73.18336486816406,\n 41.41157824719922\n ],\n [\n -73.24207305908203,\n 41.44504258368392\n ],\n [\n -73.29288482666016,\n 41.47128714007432\n ],\n [\n -73.36807250976562,\n 41.49906391776462\n ],\n [\n -73.40858459472656,\n 41.583863615623294\n ],\n [\n -73.45252990722656,\n 41.62673502076991\n ],\n [\n -73.49647521972656,\n 41.67547622677174\n ],\n [\n -73.39279174804688,\n 41.79153671046777\n ],\n [\n -73.36704254150389,\n 41.821478516604024\n ],\n [\n -73.37150573730469,\n 41.83350248182098\n ],\n [\n -73.34678649902344,\n 41.88949926385016\n ],\n [\n -73.35124969482422,\n 41.91709605960302\n ],\n [\n -73.3615493774414,\n 41.97761388394733\n ],\n [\n -73.34575653076172,\n 42.01588661570966\n ],\n [\n -73.33236694335938,\n 42.05541092308216\n ],\n [\n -73.32035064697264,\n 42.099496120047895\n ],\n [\n -73.33683013916016,\n 42.10484541787715\n ],\n [\n -73.35124969482422,\n 42.13947756370087\n ],\n [\n -73.34232330322266,\n 42.23080529708004\n ],\n [\n -73.35433959960938,\n 42.25622128239617\n ],\n [\n -73.37150573730469,\n 42.26130325080725\n ],\n [\n -73.37459564208984,\n 42.24834342196849\n ],\n [\n -73.35914611816406,\n 42.21809346507041\n ],\n [\n -73.36704254150389,\n 42.18248671967966\n ],\n [\n -73.37425231933594,\n 42.14915080911929\n ],\n [\n -73.37356567382812,\n 42.117580024789625\n ],\n [\n -73.34953308105469,\n 42.09312731992276\n ],\n [\n -73.33511352539062,\n 42.08828660407765\n ],\n [\n -73.35708618164062,\n 42.06254817666338\n ],\n [\n -73.3560562133789,\n 42.047253079589595\n ],\n [\n -73.35227966308594,\n 42.04317376494972\n ],\n [\n -73.36051940917969,\n 42.024048486172525\n ],\n [\n -73.38180541992188,\n 41.98016611546063\n ],\n [\n -73.38008880615234,\n 41.94902190280396\n ],\n [\n -73.3718490600586,\n 41.88566543221387\n ],\n [\n -73.39244842529297,\n 41.828386176902555\n ],\n [\n -73.41682434082031,\n 41.7920486537679\n ],\n [\n -73.50128173828125,\n 41.725205507257016\n ],\n [\n -73.52531433105469,\n 41.67265537326585\n ],\n [\n -73.5157012939453,\n 41.65854925140818\n ],\n [\n -73.44566345214842,\n 41.5782137621912\n ],\n [\n -73.42334747314453,\n 41.56357320617609\n ],\n [\n -73.38764190673828,\n 41.48569140009698\n ],\n [\n -73.3612060546875,\n 41.47385956415865\n ],\n [\n -73.30867767333984,\n 41.44375581277325\n ],\n [\n -73.27743530273438,\n 41.44298373797846\n ],\n [\n -73.26610565185545,\n 41.42805515303884\n ],\n [\n -73.2297134399414,\n 41.42084702111327\n ],\n [\n -73.20568084716797,\n 41.40642835684362\n ],\n [\n -73.1795883178711,\n 41.375262814874915\n ],\n [\n -73.08174133300781,\n 41.29689669759202\n ],\n [\n -73.09856414794922,\n 41.27187187968119\n ],\n [\n -73.11847686767578,\n 41.22256815655704\n ],\n [\n -73.12602996826172,\n 41.19389811602941\n ],\n [\n -73.12911987304688,\n 41.16805849439579\n ],\n [\n -73.0971908569336,\n 41.17529461608787\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16427,"text":"ofr86313 - 1986 - Water-quality data for the ground-water network in eastern Broward County, Florida, 1983-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T16:30:41.56629","indexId":"ofr86313","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T22:05:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-313","title":"Water-quality data for the ground-water network in eastern Broward County, Florida, 1983-84","docAbstract":"During 1983-84, ground water from 63 wells located at 31 sites throughout, eastern Broward County, Florida, was sampled and analyzed to determine baseline water-quality conditions. The physical and chemical parameters analyzed included field measurements (pH and temperature), physical characteristics (color, turbidity, and specific conductance), major inorganic ions, nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon), selected trace metals, and total phenolic compounds. Ground-water samples were collected at the end of the dry season (April), during rising water levels (June and July), and during yearly peak water levels (September and October). These data are tabulated, by well, in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr86313","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Broward County Environmental Quality Control Board","usgsCitation":"Waller, B.G., and Cannon, F.L., 1986, Water-quality data for the ground-water network in eastern Broward County, Florida, 1983-84: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-313, iii, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86313.","productDescription":"iii, 68 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0313/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45390,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0313/ofr86313.pdf","text":"Report","size":"878 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Broward County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.07247924804686,\n 26.32849908419746\n ],\n [\n -80.49339294433592,\n 26.327268243699777\n ],\n [\n -80.49888610839844,\n 25.949401131968656\n ],\n [\n -80.11711120605469,\n 25.9500185488265\n ],\n [\n -80.09170532226562,\n 26.191796007381587\n ],\n [\n -80.07247924804686,\n 26.27371402440643\n ],\n [\n -80.07247924804686,\n 26.32849908419746\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
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Landsat multispectral images of the Antarctic ice sheet have been digitally enhanced by the US Geological Survey to show ice surface features not seen in earlier photographic products of the same scenes. Now for the first time it is worthwhile to prepare image maps at scales of up to 1:250 000 of ice sheet areas even where no nunataks are visible. Derivatives of the data can be stretched to bring out glaciologically significant features in smooth areas that traditionally have been described as featureless. Over large tracts of the ice sheet, the direction of ice flow can be revealed as clearly as it is by the medial moraines of an Alpine glacier system. Ice streams, ice divides, ice rises, ice rumples, grounding lines, crevasses, and rifts are seen where none had been identified before. In the same way that Seasat altimetry of the surface of the ocean has much to tell about the bed of the ocean, Landsat has much to tel! about the bed of the ice. Not only major structural features but also many details of the sub-glacial landscape are unmasked by their subtle reflection on the ice sheet surface. Ground control on ice sheets can be obtained by Doppler satellite observations tied to image-identifiable surface features. Because of ice movement, the standard of geodetic control can never approach that of conventional surveys based on rock stations. But the precise standards of conventional surveys are unnecessary for ice sheet maps.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge","doi":"10.3189/S0260305500001361","usgsCitation":"Swithinbank, C., and Lucchitta, B.K., 1986, Multispectral digital image mapping of Antarctic ice features: Annals of Glaciology, v. 8, p. 159-163, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0260305500001361.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"163","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500001361","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":359051,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swithinbank, Charles","contributorId":60145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swithinbank","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":750501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70121255,"text":"70121255 - 1986 - Using climate data to predict grizzly bear litter size","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-20T13:30:27","indexId":"70121255","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T13:21:02","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":978,"text":"Bears: Their Biology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using climate data to predict grizzly bear litter size","docAbstract":"A 5-year double-bind test was conducted to test the predictive capability of a previously published (Picton 1978) regression (Y= 2.01 + 0.042x), which described the relationship between the littler size of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) and an index of climate plus carrion availability (climate-carrion index). This regression showed an efficient in excess of 99% in predicting the observed grizzly bear littler size. The predictions made using the climate-carrion index had a mean absolute error of less than 25% of forecasts using other methods. The updated climate-carrion index regression, which includes all of the 16 years for which data are available, is Y= 2.009 + 0.042x (r = 0.078; P < 0.01; N = 16). We concluded that the climate-carrion index can be a helpful tool in predicting grizzly bear littler size. The relation of this information to the effects of the closure of Yellowstone Park garbage dumps is discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bears: Their Biology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.2307/3872804","usgsCitation":"Picton, H.D., and Knight, R.R., 1986, Using climate data to predict grizzly bear litter size: Bears: Their Biology and Management, v. 6, p. 41-44, https://doi.org/10.2307/3872804.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292652,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292651,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3872804"}],"volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f5b65ae4b09d12e0e8e713","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Picton, Harold D.","contributorId":57378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Picton","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knight, Richard R.","contributorId":68660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70120433,"text":"70120433 - 1986 - User's handbook for the wetland values data base","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-14T13:03:00","indexId":"70120433","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T13:02:28","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"NEC-86/19","title":"User's handbook for the wetland values data base","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Stuber, P., 1986, User's handbook for the wetland values data base.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53edcd56e4b0f61b386d24c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuber, P.J.","contributorId":41751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuber","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70121371,"text":"70121371 - 1986 - Grizzly bear habitat research in Glacier National Park, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-16T16:56:11","indexId":"70121371","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T10:55:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Grizzly bear habitat research in Glacier National Park, Montana","docAbstract":"Grizzly bear habitat research began in 1967 and is continuing in Glacier National Park, MT. Direct observations and fecal analysis revealed a relatively definable pattern of habitat use by the bears. Habitat data were subsequently used to develop management models and explore the relationships between grizzlies and park visitors. Current research strategy is based on the concept that humans are an integral components of grizzly bear habitat. A geographic information system is being developed to assist in the application of habitat data. In addition, the behavioral response of grizzlies to annual changes in food production is being studied. Management that addresses bears, humans, and their habitat as a system is proposed.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"USDA Forest Service General Technical Report Proceedings: Grizzly Bear Habitat Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Grizzly Bear Habitat Symposium","conferenceDate":"1985-04-29T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Missoula, MT","language":"English","publisher":"Intermountain Research Station","publisherLocation":"Ogden, UT","usgsCitation":"Martinka, C., and Kendall, K., 1986, Grizzly bear habitat research in Glacier National Park, Montana, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292759,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.4755,48.2337 ], [ -114.4755,49.001 ], [ -113.242,49.001 ], [ -113.242,48.2337 ], [ -114.4755,48.2337 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f707dde4b05ec1f2431be2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martinka, C.J.","contributorId":51418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinka","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, K.C.","contributorId":39716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207430,"text":"70207430 - 1986 - Geochronology of augen gneiss and related rocks, Yukon-Tanana terrane, east-central Alaska ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T10:28:14","indexId":"70207430","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T10:26:18","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochronology of augen gneiss and related rocks, Yukon-Tanana terrane, east-central Alaska ","docAbstract":"Using several isotopic techniques, we have determined the ages of selected metamorphic rocks in the Yukon-Tanana terrane (YTT) of east-central Alaska. U-Pb zircon data from an augen gneiss body in the Big Delta quadrangle indicate that the granitoid protolith of the gneiss was intruded 341 ± 3 m.y. ago (lower intercept age). An upper intercept age of 2,136 ± 31 m.y. indicates an inherited early Proterozoic component in these zircons. This inheritance age is substantiated by a Sm-Nd whole-rock model age of 2.09 ± 0.08 b.y. from the Big Delta augen gneiss body. Detrital zircons from quartzitic wall rocks to this body were also derived from an early Proterozoic (∼2.1 to 2.3 b.y. old) crustal source(s). Zircons from three other augen gneisses occurring in an east-west belt which extends into the southern Yukon Territory, Canada, have similar Mississippian and early Proterozoic intercept ages. A Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron from widely separated bodies of augen gneiss has an age of 333 ± 26 m.y. and an initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.728 ± 0.002, confirming the Mississippian intrusive age for the protolith. The high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio further indicates an old crustal component in these rocks. A Rb-Sr mineral isochron (115 ± 4 m.y.), K-Ar data from hornblende and micas (128 to 107 m.y.), and U-Pb data from sphene (134. m.y.) from augen gneiss and related rocks are similar to many K-Ar ages in this region and confirm the occurrence of an early Cretaceous thermal event. U-Pb ages of zircons from three metavolcanic units in the YTT suggest that extrusion of the protoliths of these rocks occurred 360–380 m.y. ago. Scatter in the data is caused by ubiquitous inheritance and multiple lead-loss events.
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