{"pageNumber":"1544","pageRowStart":"38575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":41032,"records":[{"id":27772,"text":"wri80105 - 1981 - Comparison of the propane-area tracer method and predictive equations for determination of stream-reaeration coefficients on two small streams in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-20T14:44:44","indexId":"wri80105","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-105","title":"Comparison of the propane-area tracer method and predictive equations for determination of stream-reaeration coefficients on two small streams in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"

This study was made to identify the best predictive equations for a stream's reaeration-rate coefficient. Reaeration-rate information is needed in dissolvedoxygen modeling work, but an actual tracer measurement is not always possible.

\n

The propane-area gas-tracer method and predictive equations were compared for determination of stream-reaeration coefficients (K.2) for reaches of two small streams in Wisconsin. The study was made by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.

\n

The reaeration-rate coefficients actually measured by the propane-area tracer technique were 14.0 per day and 10.5 per day for two reaches of Honey Creek near Monroe, Wisconsin, with 6.98 per day and 0.98 per day measured at separate reaches on Mill Creek near Marshfield, Wisconsin.

\n

Of 20 predictive equations evaluated, the top five ranking equations were as follows: Tsivoglou-Neal with 34 percent mean error, Foree with 34.8 percent, Cadwallader with 45.5 percent, Isaacs-Gaudy with 45.8 percent, and Langbein- Durum with 49 percent.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri80105","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"House, L.B., and Skavroneck, S., 1981, Comparison of the propane-area tracer method and predictive equations for determination of stream-reaeration coefficients on two small streams in Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-105, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri80105.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0105/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56614,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0105/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Marshfield, Monroe","otherGeospatial":"Honey Creek, Mill Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.74491119384766,\n 42.53082032025189\n ],\n [\n -89.74491119384766,\n 42.63219062985138\n ],\n [\n -89.61410522460938,\n 42.63219062985138\n ],\n [\n -89.61410522460938,\n 42.53082032025189\n ],\n [\n -89.74491119384766,\n 42.53082032025189\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.34400939941406,\n 44.548888195335756\n ],\n [\n -90.34400939941406,\n 44.77549879567308\n ],\n [\n -90.01922607421875,\n 44.77549879567308\n ],\n [\n -90.01922607421875,\n 44.548888195335756\n ],\n [\n -90.34400939941406,\n 44.548888195335756\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab704","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"House, Leo B.","contributorId":70766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"Leo","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skavroneck, Steven","contributorId":53843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skavroneck","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28152,"text":"wri80107 - 1981 - Hydrologic effects of proposed changes in management practices, Winnebago Pool, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-20T14:39:25","indexId":"wri80107","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-107","title":"Hydrologic effects of proposed changes in management practices, Winnebago Pool, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"

Various changes in the management practices for the Winnebago pool have been proposed. The objectives of the proposed changes are protecting wetlands adjacent to the lakes in the pool and assuring adequate flow in the Fox River downstream from Lake Winnebago. Three proposed operation plans for the Winnebago pool were studied to determine the effects on lake stage and discharge. A digital reservoir model simulated daily lake stage and discharge from the Winnebago pool.

\n

Inflow for this simulation was computed from daily discharge, recorded at Rapide Croche Dam, and daily stage, recorded at Oshkosh. This computed inflow is net inflow, combining the effects of streamflow, precipitation, evaporation, and net ground-water inflow.

\n

The model was adapted to simulate operation of the Winnebago pool according to each of the proposed plans. Because the important features of each operation plan were expressed in terms of stages to be attained at certain dates, simulated discharge was adjusted daily to keep simulated lake stage close to that specified in the plan.

\n

The simulated lake stage for each of the proposed plans exceeded the allowable maximum in some years. However, the simulated stage exceeded the allowable maximum less frequently and for shorter periods than did the observed stage.

\n

For the 61 years simulated (water years 1918-78), the simulated 7-day, 10- year low flow ((57,10) at Rapide Croche Dam was 1,000 ft^/s compared with 900 ft^/s for the observed record. The 7-day, 2-year low flow (Qy 2) was 1,500 ft^/s (simulated) versus 1,600 ft3/s (observed).

\n

The model predicted that executing the proposed operation plan would result in monthly Q7 JQ for August and September of 1,100 ft-Vs. This is no change for August and a 12-percent increase for September.

\n

In addition, the study illustrated that the discharge from the Winnebago pool could be managed to guarantee that the discharge in the Fox River downstream would not fall below a specified discharge up to 1,500 ft^/s. In most years this would have no effect on the stage of the pool. In a few years there would be a conflict between releasing water from the pool to maintain the desired discharge and maintaining water levels above the required minimum stage. The frequency of this possible conflict varies with the level of discharge desired in the Fox River from 1 year in 60 for a discharge of 1,100 ft^/s to about 1 year in 15 for a discharge of 1,500 ft^/s.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri80107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Fox Valley Water Quality Planning Agency","usgsCitation":"Krug, W.R., 1981, Hydrologic effects of proposed changes in management practices, Winnebago Pool, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-107, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri80107.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0107/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56982,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0107/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Fox River, Lake Butte des Morts, Lake Poygan, Lake Winneconne, Lake Winnebago","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.2911376953125,\n 42.867912483915305\n ],\n [\n -90.2911376953125,\n 44.70770622183535\n ],\n [\n -87.57202148437499,\n 44.70770622183535\n ],\n [\n -87.57202148437499,\n 42.867912483915305\n ],\n [\n -90.2911376953125,\n 42.867912483915305\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db606f7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krug, William R.","contributorId":53381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krug","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31054,"text":"ofr81270 - 1981 - Seismic refraction studies of the Imperial Valley region, California— Profile models, a traveltime contour map, and a gravity model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-09T21:32:50.831148","indexId":"ofr81270","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-270","title":"Seismic refraction studies of the Imperial Valley region, California— Profile models, a traveltime contour map, and a gravity model","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81270","usgsCitation":"Fuis, G.S., Mooney, W.D., Healy, J.H., McMechan, G.A., and Lutter, W.J., 1981, Seismic refraction studies of the Imperial Valley region, California— Profile models, a traveltime contour map, and a gravity model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-270, iii, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81270.","productDescription":"iii, 83 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392700,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11996.htm"},{"id":59610,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0270/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":164070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0270/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"25000","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Imperial Valley region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.25732421875,\n 32.676372772089834\n ],\n [\n -114.41162109375,\n 32.676372772089834\n ],\n [\n -114.41162109375,\n 33.37641235124676\n ],\n [\n -116.25732421875,\n 33.37641235124676\n ],\n [\n -116.25732421875,\n 32.676372772089834\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb665","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuis, Gary S. 0000-0002-3078-1544 fuis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1544","contributorId":2639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"Gary","email":"fuis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, W. D.","contributorId":72376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Healy, J. H.","contributorId":48968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McMechan, G. A.","contributorId":54647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMechan","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lutter, W. J.","contributorId":90361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutter","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":27676,"text":"wri80118 - 1981 - Hydrogeology, estimated impact, and regional well monitoring of effects of subsurface wastewater injection, Tampa Bay area, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri80118","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-118","title":"Hydrogeology, estimated impact, and regional well monitoring of effects of subsurface wastewater injection, Tampa Bay area, Florida","docAbstract":"Six proposed injection sites are located in Pinellas County, Fla., and the city of St. Petersburg. Projected maximum injection rate, if all sites become operational, will be about 40 million gallons per day. The injection zone at the proposed sites is in a consistently dolomitized section of the Avon Park Limestone in the lower part of the Floridan aquifer. The injection zone contains saline ground water that has a chloride concentration of 19,000 to 20,000 milligrams per liter. Pressure and velocity changes were computed at selected regional locations in the upper and lower parts of the Floridan aquifer. Results of the model computations suggest that the regional impact after 20 years of injection will be small. Three locations are proposed for regional monitoring of subsurface injection. They are in the vicinity of the intersection of highways U.S. 19 and U.S. 60 in Pinellas County, Sun City in Hillsborough County, and the intersection of Sheldon Road and Gunn Highway in Hillsborough County. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri80118","usgsCitation":"Hickey, J.J., 1981, Hydrogeology, estimated impact, and regional well monitoring of effects of subsurface wastewater injection, Tampa Bay area, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-118, v, 40 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri80118.","productDescription":"v, 40 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0118/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56526,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0118/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db6148bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickey, John J.","contributorId":39763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":36638,"text":"fwsobs81_09 - 1981 - Surface mine reclamation for wildlife: a model reclamation plan for southern Appalachia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:57","indexId":"fwsobs81_09","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"81/09","title":"Surface mine reclamation for wildlife: a model reclamation plan for southern Appalachia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Fowler, D.K., and Turner, L.J., 1981, Surface mine reclamation for wildlife: a model reclamation plan for southern Appalachia: FWS/OBS 81/09, viii, 30 p.","productDescription":"viii, 30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":165117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698275","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fowler, Dale K.","contributorId":96738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, Linda J.","contributorId":48610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28430,"text":"wri8112 - 1981 - Digital model of the unconsolidated aquifer system in the Modesto area, Stanislaus and San Joaquin Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-06T15:29:51","indexId":"wri8112","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-12","title":"Digital model of the unconsolidated aquifer system in the Modesto area, Stanislaus and San Joaquin Counties, California","docAbstract":"A digital mathematical model of the unconsolidated alluvial aquifer system in the Modesto area, Calif., has been developed which can be used to determine the effects of increased pumping and water use of future water levels in the aquifer system. The model is divided into two units. The lower unit is confined in the western part of the study area by a confining clay bed; elsewhere in this unit the aquifer is unconfined. The upper unit represents an unconfined aquifer and lies above the clay bed or its extension. Where the clay bed is absent the upper and lower units are considered as a single aquifer. The model, as calibrated, can evaluate with reasonable accuracy the effects on water levels of changing stresses and stress patterns only within the area of primary interest for the upper unit. In other areas of the upper unit and for the lower unit, predicted changes should be looked upon as, at best, representing only general trends. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri8112","usgsCitation":"Londquist, C.J., 1981, Digital model of the unconsolidated aquifer system in the Modesto area, Stanislaus and San Joaquin Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-12, iv, 36 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8112.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369021,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0012/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0012/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Joaquin County, Stanislaus County ","city":"Modesto","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 37.51190453731693\n ],\n [\n -120.80291748046874,\n 37.51190453731693\n ],\n [\n -120.80291748046874,\n 37.73379707124429\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 37.73379707124429\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 37.51190453731693\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65ab19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Londquist, Clark J.","contributorId":44149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Londquist","given":"Clark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28255,"text":"wri8135 - 1981 - Ground-water resources of the White River basin, Madison County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-04T18:03:15.372006","indexId":"wri8135","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-35","title":"Ground-water resources of the White River basin, Madison County, Indiana","docAbstract":"

The ground-water resources of the White River basin in and near Madison County, Indiana, were investigated by mapping the aquifers, estimating their hydraulic properties, determining the distribution of potentiometric head in the aquifers, and estimating some of the components of the ground-water budget from data collected in the field. This information was used to construct and calibrate a five-layer, digital ground-water flow model. The model, constructed and calibrated to ground-water-level and seepage data collected during the study, simulates conditions for the autumn of 1976. The model was used to provide estimates of ground-water potential in terms of yield, drawdown, and depletion in streamflow.

Glacial drift covers nearly the entire study area and ranges in thickness from 0 to approximately 300 feet. Beneath the drift lie Ordovician to Devonian limestone, dolomite, and shale. A bedrock valley trends west-northwest through the center of the study area. Relief of the bedrock surface is approximately 325 feet.

Four confined sand and gravel aquifers interbedded in the glacial drift, a bedrock aquifer, and an unconfined outwash aquifer are the three most important aquifer systems in the study area. The nearly horizontal, areally discontinuous, confined sand and gravel aquifers have an average thickness of about 15 feet and an average hydraulic conductivity estimated to be 433 feet per day. The bedrock aquifer underlying the entire study area has a thick-ness estimated to be 150 feet and an average transmissivity estimated in previous studies in the basin to be 1,340 square feet per day. The unconfined outwash aquifer, although thin and narrow, is an important aquifer because of its proximity to sources of induced recharge.

Water-level fluctuations in observation wells in the basin indicate that the ground-water system is in dynamic equilibrium. Ground-water seepage to streams at 90-percent flow duration on October 1, 1976, was estimated to be between 15.9 and 74.4 cubic feet per second. Ground-water pumpage for 1976 was estimated to be 19.7 million gallons per day (30.5 cubic feet per second). The water budget, as simulated in the model, indicates that the rate of inflow to the ground-water system in the modeled area is 92.4 cubic feet per second. Of this, 78 percent is from effective areal recharge of precipitation, and 22 percent is from ground-water flow across the boundaries into the study area. Thirty-three percent of the ground-water outflow is pumpage, 59 percent is seepage to streams, and the remaining 8 percent is ground-water flow across the boundaries out of the study area.

Model simulations of eight pumping plans provide a general assessment of the water-yielding potential of the three major aquifer systems and indicate that as much as 2.5 million gallons per day can be obtained from well fields about half a square mile in area. Model results also indicate that, for as much as 2.5-million gallons per day pumping, flow in the large streams will not be significantly affected, whereas flow in the small streams may be significantly affected. In addition, simulations indicate that adding more wells to the well field northwest of Anderson, Ind., would probably be no more advantageous than increasing the pumpage in the existing wells. How-ever, well interference, well hydraulics, and pumping-level constraints were not considered in the investigation of alternative methods of expanding the well field. In developing the ground-water system in the area, use of many small, scattered well fields that produce less than about 3 million gallons per day may be more favorable hydrologically than a few, heavily pumped well fields.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8135","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Lapham, W.W., 1981, Ground-water resources of the White River basin, Madison County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-35, vii, 112 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8135.","productDescription":"vii, 112 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380151,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0035/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0035/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Madison","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.5784,40.3794],[-85.5763,40.0769],[-85.5774,39.9459],[-85.8624,39.9436],[-85.863,40.139],[-85.8617,40.2201],[-85.8621,40.3784],[-85.5784,40.3794]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Madison\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64931a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lapham, Wayne W.","contributorId":74734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapham","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28236,"text":"wri80116 - 1981 - User's guide for a general purpose dam-break flood simulation model (K-634)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-22T17:40:39.359024","indexId":"wri80116","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-116","title":"User's guide for a general purpose dam-break flood simulation model (K-634)","docAbstract":"An existing computer program for simulating dam-break floods for forecast purposes has been modified with an emphasis on general purpose applications. The original model was formulated, developed and documented by the National Weather Service. This model is based on the complete flow equations and uses a nonlinear implicit finite-difference numerical method. The first phase of the simulation routes a flood wave through the reservoir and computes an outflow hydrograph which is the sum of the flow through the dam 's structures and the gradually developing breach. The second phase routes this outflow hydrograph through the stream which may be nonprismatic and have segments with subcritical or supercritical flow. The results are discharge and stage hydrographs at the dam as well as all of the computational nodes in the channel. From these hydrographs, peak discharge and stage profiles are tabulated. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri80116","usgsCitation":"Land, L.F., 1981, User's guide for a general purpose dam-break flood simulation model (K-634): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-116, iv, 101 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri80116.","productDescription":"iv, 101 p.","numberOfPages":"110","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":367496,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/80/0116/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/80/0116/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603b98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Land, Larry F.","contributorId":60612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27144,"text":"wri8168 - 1981 - Floods in Maine, April-May 1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T09:54:13","indexId":"wri8168","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-68","title":"Floods in Maine, April-May 1979","docAbstract":"Heavy rainfall during April 27-30, 1979, resulted in moderate to record flooding in much of northern and western Maine. During this period, rainfall totals of as much as 6 inches were measured. This period was preceded by up to 10 days of seasonally warm temperatures and snowmelt, which helped create conditions favorable to flooding later in the month. Flood peaks having recurrence intervals greater than 30 years were recorded at several sites, and a few sites experienced maximum recorded flood peaks with recurrence intervals in excess of 50 years. There was no loss of life, but local damage to homes and commercial and industrial establishments was significant. This report describes the flooding. A tabulation of peak gage heights and discharges is included for 42 sites. Daily and storm precipitation values are tabulated for 58 sites. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri8168","usgsCitation":"Fontaine, R.A., and Haskell, C.R., 1981, Floods in Maine, April-May 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-68, iv, 65 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8168.","productDescription":"iv, 65 p. 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d3e4b07f02db548b59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fontaine, Richard A. rfontain@usgs.gov","contributorId":2379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontaine","given":"Richard","email":"rfontain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":197631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haskell, C. Richard","contributorId":20361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haskell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27311,"text":"wri817 - 1981 - Ground-water potential of the glacial deposits near Logansport, Cass County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-06T14:40:50.128801","indexId":"wri817","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-7","title":"Ground-water potential of the glacial deposits near Logansport, Cass County, Indiana","docAbstract":"

The glacial deposits underlying a 260 square-mile area near Logansport, Indiana, range in thickness from 0 to 300 feet and consist of three semiconfined sand and gravel aquifer units separated and overlain by three semiconfining till units. The ground-water development potential of the lowest of the sand and gravel aquifers is considerable. Thickness of the aquifer is generally about 80 feet along the axis of the narrow buried valley that it fills. Maximum and average transmissivities of the aquifer are about 38,000 and 13,000 square feet per day, respectively. Withdrawal of 10 million gallons per day from the aquifer was simulated by a four-layer digital model of the study area. Simulated pumping centers were located in areas of high transmissivity and proximity to ground-water discharge. Results indicate an absence of hydrologic constraints to development of the quantities of ground water simulated in the model. However, the simulation of water-level declines of as much as 35 feet in the lowest aquifer indicates that interference with the operation of domestic wells is likely.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri817","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Natural Resources and the city of Logansport","usgsCitation":"Gillies, D.C., 1981, Ground-water potential of the glacial deposits near Logansport, Cass County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-7, vi, 98 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri817.","productDescription":"vi, 98 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":432284,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158587,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0007/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Cass County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-86.4672,40.9093],[-86.3553,40.9093],[-86.2933,40.9092],[-86.269,40.9087],[-86.2404,40.9082],[-86.1692,40.9098],[-86.1694,40.7424],[-86.1707,40.7157],[-86.1691,40.6798],[-86.1681,40.6435],[-86.1654,40.5633],[-86.241,40.5625],[-86.3572,40.5614],[-86.3748,40.5614],[-86.3739,40.6924],[-86.3915,40.6925],[-86.4054,40.6925],[-86.5248,40.6925],[-86.5237,40.7165],[-86.5237,40.7347],[-86.5728,40.7356],[-86.5819,40.7356],[-86.5802,40.824],[-86.5797,40.912],[-86.4672,40.9093]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Cass\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667403","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillies, Daniel C.","contributorId":39824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillies","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26175,"text":"wri8138 - 1981 - Effects of irrigation pumping on the ground-water system in Newton and Jasper Counties, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-01T12:15:29","indexId":"wri8138","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-38","title":"Effects of irrigation pumping on the ground-water system in Newton and Jasper Counties, Indiana","docAbstract":"

Flow in the ground-water system in Newton and Jasper Counties, Indiana, was simulated in a quasi-three-dimensional model in a study of irrigation use of ground water in the two counties. The ground-water system consists of three aquifers: (1) a surficial coarse sand aquifer known as the Kankakee aquifer, (2) a limestone and dolomite bedrock aquifer, and (3) a sand and gravel bedrock valley aquifer. Irrigation pumping, derived primarily from the bedrock, was estimated to be 34.8 million gallons per day during peak irrigation in 1977. Acreage irrigated with ground water is estimated to be 6,200 acres. A series of model experiments was used to estimate the effects of irrigation pumping on ground-water levels and streamflow. Model analysis indicates that a major factor controlling drawdown due to pumping in the bedrock aquifer are the variations in thickness and in vertical hydraulic conductivity in a semiconfining unit overlying the bedrock. Streamflow was not significantly reduced by hypothetical withdrawals of 12.6 million gallons per day from the bedrock aquifer and 10.3 million gallons per day in the Kankakee aquifer. Simulation of water-level recovery after irrigation pumping indicated that a 5-year period of alternating between increasing pumping and recovery will not cause serious problems of residual drawdown or ground-water mining. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri8138","usgsCitation":"Bergeron, M.P., 1981, Effects of irrigation pumping on the ground-water system in Newton and Jasper Counties, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-38, vi, 73 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8138.","productDescription":"vi, 73 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368897,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0038/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0038/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Jasper, Newton","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-86.93,41.2371],[-86.93,41.2298],[-86.9309,41.1722],[-86.9309,41.086],[-86.9304,40.9984],[-86.9293,40.9136],[-86.9877,40.9134],[-86.9872,40.8408],[-87.0412,40.8406],[-87.0995,40.8399],[-87.0987,40.7383],[-87.1539,40.738],[-87.2655,40.7383],[-87.3807,40.738],[-87.4905,40.7381],[-87.5263,40.7378],[-87.5263,40.741],[-87.5265,40.839],[-87.5262,40.981],[-87.5262,40.9832],[-87.5265,41.0142],[-87.5264,41.1231],[-87.5263,41.1661],[-87.4801,41.1701],[-87.4587,41.1702],[-87.4484,41.1744],[-87.4466,41.174],[-87.4411,41.1731],[-87.4147,41.1619],[-87.4055,41.1625],[-87.4,41.1625],[-87.394,41.1625],[-87.38,41.1726],[-87.3448,41.1824],[-87.3405,41.1824],[-87.3313,41.1829],[-87.3241,41.1862],[-87.2859,41.2154],[-87.2762,41.2187],[-87.2263,41.2353],[-87.2184,41.2417],[-87.1984,41.2595],[-87.1918,41.2654],[-87.1851,41.2677],[-87.1595,41.2765],[-87.1308,41.2862],[-87.118,41.2853],[-87.0819,41.2755],[-87.0592,41.2693],[-87.0438,41.2598],[-86.9849,41.2278],[-86.9782,41.222],[-86.9727,41.2202],[-86.966,41.2202],[-86.955,41.2252],[-86.9392,41.2289],[-86.9343,41.2321],[-86.93,41.2371]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Jasper\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611e28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergeron, Marcel P.","contributorId":85994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergeron","given":"Marcel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27774,"text":"wri825 - 1981 - One-dimensional reservoir-lake temperature and dissolved oxygen model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-02T10:29:22","indexId":"wri825","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-5","title":"One-dimensional reservoir-lake temperature and dissolved oxygen model","docAbstract":"

This report describes and documents a one-dimensional computer model that predicts dissolved-oxygen and temperature profiles in a lake or reservoir. Downstream release dissolved-oxygen concentrations and temperatures also are computed based on a user-specified outflow withdrawal elevation. The model can, therefore, be used to compare top-draw versus bottom-draw outlet configuration effects on downstream dissolved-oxygen and temperature conditions.

The dissolved-oxygen and temperature profiles are computed for a conceptual vertical water column located at the deepest point in the lake or reservoir.. The water column is divided into a series of uniform thickness horizontal layers for computation purposes. The model operates on a daily simulation interval, with summary output given for each day and detailed depth profiles printed on user-specified days. Model options allow the simulation of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, sediment oxygen demand, and the density current effects of inflowing suspended sediment.

The model is a modification of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineer's \"WESTEX\" model number 722-F5-E1011. The user-specified withdrawal elevation, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, sediment oxygen demand, and suspended sediment simulation capabilities were not present in the earlier \"WESTEX\" model. The model is capable of simulating a stratified reservoir pool environment.

This reservoir-lake model is most applicable to preliminary or reconnaissance studies of a proposed impoundment. Other more complex and accurate models exist to model existing lakes or reservoirs where onsite data can be collected.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri825","usgsCitation":"House, L.B., 1981, One-dimensional reservoir-lake temperature and dissolved oxygen model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-5, v, 114 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri825.","productDescription":"v, 114 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359111,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/0005/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/0005/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db69198c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"House, Leo B.","contributorId":70766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"Leo","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27826,"text":"wri8153 - 1981 - Hydrologic and chemical evaluation of the ground-water resources of northwest Elkhart County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-04T18:05:32.65912","indexId":"wri8153","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-53","title":"Hydrologic and chemical evaluation of the ground-water resources of northwest Elkhart County, Indiana","docAbstract":"

A 3-year study in northwest Elkhart County, Indiana, was done to (1) de-fine the general flow and quality of water in the outwash aquifer system, (2) determine if a well field proposed for a site at the Elkhart Municipal Airport would draw leachate from the Himco landfill, and (3) define the areal extent of the ground water affected by the landfill and an east-side industrial-park area.

The outwash aquifers are mainly composed of sand and gravel and are separated by a silt and clay bed. The saturated thickness of these deposits averages 175 feet and ranges from 85 to 500 feet. Where present, the silt and clay bed confines the underlying aquifer. The confining bed is absent in the area underlying the landfill and part of the airport. Average hydraulic conductivities of the sand, and the sand and gravel, are 80 and 400 feet per day, respectively. Regional ground-water flow is toward the St. Joseph River.

A quasi-three-dimensional ground-water flow model, calibrated to match measured water levels and river seepages, was used to simulate proposed pumpings in the airport area. Drawdowns for simulated pumpings of 7.5-, 10-, and 20-million gallons per day were small percentages of the saturated thick-nesses of the unconfined aquifer underlying the airport area. Model-simulated streamflow reductions in Christiana Creek for these pumpings were 9, 12, and 23 percent of base flow, respectively. The model-simulated, steady-state water-level maps for the 7.5- and 10-million-gallons-per-day pumping experiments indicated that these pumpings would not draw water from the land-fill area to the pumping center at the airport. The simulated map for the 20-million-gallons-per-day pumping indicated that only a small part of the flow into the pumping center could come from the landfill area.

The general quality of ground water in the study area, defined by analyses of 68 water samples from 35 observation wells, included slightly basic pH (7-8), average hardness greater than 200 milligrams per liter as calcium carbonate, average alkalinity greater than 150 milligrams per liter as calcium carbonate, and, in more than 90 percent of the analyses, a calcium bicarbonate water type.

Eight volatile organic compounds were detected in water from 8 of 19 wells sampled in the industrial-park area. The health-effects advisory limit for chronic exposure to trichloroethylene was exceeded in samples from six of these wells. Areally, the results did not define a plume or a source of the volatile organic compounds.

Concentrations of dissolved solids, bicarbonate, bromide, chloride, sulfate, ammonia, calcium, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium, and dis-solved organic carbon in the leachate were at least five times their back-ground concentrations. Concentrations of bromide and dissolved solids were the best indicators of leachate. Bromide concentrations plotted areally indicated that the landfill was the source of the leachate, the leachate plume extended between 3,100 and 5,600 feet downgradient from the landfill, and the plume had not spread laterally much farther than the original width of the landfill. Bromide and dissolved-solids concentrations plotted in cross section indicated that the leachate plume was sinking as it spread downgradient in the shallow unconfined aquifer and the leachate was present in deep wells under and immediately downgradient from the landfill. All chemical constituents were attenuated within approximately 1 mile downgradient from the landfill.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8153","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Natural Resources and the Elkhart Water Works","usgsCitation":"Imbrigiotta, T., and Martin, A., 1981, Hydrologic and chemical evaluation of the ground-water resources of northwest Elkhart County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-53, ix, 140 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8153.","productDescription":"ix, 140 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380154,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0053/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0053/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Elkhart County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.7874,41.7615],[-85.7591,41.7613],[-85.6606,41.7608],[-85.6589,41.699],[-85.6575,41.6122],[-85.6554,41.5251],[-85.6542,41.4733],[-85.6552,41.4384],[-85.7704,41.4377],[-85.8874,41.4379],[-86.0008,41.4375],[-86.059,41.4367],[-86.0594,41.4644],[-86.0593,41.474],[-86.0593,41.479],[-86.0592,41.4935],[-86.0598,41.4999],[-86.0624,41.7619],[-85.932,41.7623],[-85.7874,41.7615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Elkhart\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6118d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. 0000-0003-1716-4768 timbrig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":2466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"Thomas E.","email":"timbrig@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":198744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Angel Jr.","contributorId":42571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Angel","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":46430,"text":"ofr81333 - 1981 - Map of water table in Graham County, northwestern Kansas, March 1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-29T08:23:27","indexId":"ofr81333","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-333","title":"Map of water table in Graham County, northwestern Kansas, March 1979","docAbstract":"

A map of the water table in Graham County, prepared in collaboration with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, provides current (1980) information on water levels in the unconsolidated deposits. Graham County, an area of 900 square miles in northwestern Kansas, is within the rolling, moderately to well-dissected terrain on the eastern edge of the High Plains.  The eastward-flowing South Fork Solomon River separates the county into nearly equal parts.

The principal source of water for domestic, stock, municipal, and irrigation use if from wells in the shallow unconsolidated deposits. The aquifers occur chiefly in the Ogallala Formation of Miocene age and in deposits of Quaternary age.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81333","usgsCitation":"Spinazola, J.M., 1981, Map of water table in Graham County, northwestern Kansas, March 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-333, 23.85 x 20.34 inches., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81333.","productDescription":"23.85 x 20.34 inches.","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0333/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":346212,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0333/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Graham County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-99.6019,39.5672],[-99.6024,39.4806],[-99.6035,39.3949],[-99.6039,39.3074],[-99.6044,39.2194],[-99.6054,39.1329],[-99.7027,39.1329],[-99.7157,39.1323],[-99.8142,39.1322],[-99.8279,39.132],[-99.9251,39.1323],[-99.9388,39.1326],[-100.0355,39.1324],[-100.0521,39.1326],[-100.1488,39.1318],[-100.1642,39.1321],[-100.1638,39.2187],[-100.1635,39.3062],[-100.1637,39.3927],[-100.1639,39.4793],[-100.1635,39.5673],[-100.0788,39.5675],[-100.0507,39.5674],[-99.9642,39.5671],[-99.9373,39.5669],[-99.852,39.5665],[-99.8251,39.5668],[-99.7398,39.5672],[-99.7135,39.567],[-99.6282,39.5674],[-99.6019,39.5672]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Graham\",\"state\":\"KS\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db6586b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spinazola, Joseph M.","contributorId":102044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spinazola","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":233303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28193,"text":"wri8141 - 1981 - Limnological and geochemical survey of Williams Lake, Hubbard County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T12:41:41","indexId":"wri8141","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-41","title":"Limnological and geochemical survey of Williams Lake, Hubbard County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"

A limnological and geochemical survey of Williams Lake, Minnesota, was made in 1979 to provide an initial interpretive description of the lake and the contiguous ground-water system. This survey was made as part of a continuing research program related to the investigation of the interaction of lakes and their contiguous ground-water systems at Williams Lake, Minnesota, as well as other sites within the continental United States.

\n

During 1979, Williams Lake was dimictic, and the lake had high optical transparency; light penetrated to the lakebed throughout most of the lake. Aquatic macrophytes were present along the western shore and in the southern bay of the lake. Although the lake had clinograde-oxygen distributions during part of this survey, anaerobic conditions were not observed. The lake is moderately fertile with respect to its total phosphorus content. Nutrient data indicate phosphorus limits phytoplankton biomass levels in Williams Lake. Blue-green algae were the dominant group of the phytoplankton community and copepods were the dominant group of the zooplankton community when the lake was thermally stratified during the open-water season. Diatoms and rotifers were dominant when the lake was isothermal in the autumn.

\n

Calcium and bicarbonate represent more than 90 percent of the dissolved constituents in Williams Lake and the contiguous ground-water system. Major mineralogical constituents of the lake sediments are quartz, dolomite, and calcite. Marl is present only in the littoral zone of the lake. Organic sediments in the lake consist of loose organic floe and gyttja.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/wri8141","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"LaBaugh, J.W., Groschen, G., and Winter, T.C., 1981, Limnological and geochemical survey of Williams Lake, Hubbard County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-41, v, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8141.","productDescription":"v, 38 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0041/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57031,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0041/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Williams Lake","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5226","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaBaugh, J. W.","contributorId":23484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groschen, G.E.","contributorId":17260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groschen","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":59693,"text":"mf1299 - 1981 - Map showing geothermal resources of the Lake City-Surprise Valley Known Geothermal Resource Area, Modoc County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T13:01:48","indexId":"mf1299","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1299","title":"Map showing geothermal resources of the Lake City-Surprise Valley Known Geothermal Resource Area, Modoc County, California","docAbstract":"

This report summarizes geothermal data from published and unpublished geophysical, geochemical, and geologic reports on Surprise Valley that have been prepared during the past 26 years.  Particular emphasis is placed on a comprehensive structural interpretation of the west half of the valley that is based on map compilation of concealed faults that have been inferred from geophysical methods and exposed faults that can be seen in the field and (or) on aerial photographs.  The faults apparently control the location of modern geothermal activity and are thus important to geothermal exploration.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1299","usgsCitation":"1981, Map showing geothermal resources of the Lake City-Surprise Valley Known Geothermal Resource Area, Modoc County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1299, 48.93 x 39.92 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1299.","productDescription":"48.93 x 39.92 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":358617,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1299/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":185108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1299/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Modoc County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.25,41.1175 ], [ -120.25,42 ], [ -120,42 ], [ -120,41.1175 ], [ -120.25,41.1175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b14c6","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Hedel, Charles W.","contributorId":32550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedel","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742027,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":61500,"text":"mf1214B - 1981 - Mineral resource potential of the Baker-Cypress BLM Instant Study Area and Timbered Crater Forest Service Further Planning (RARE II) Areas, Modoc, Shasta, and Siskiyou Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-06T15:26:34","indexId":"mf1214B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1214","chapter":"B","title":"Mineral resource potential of the Baker-Cypress BLM Instant Study Area and Timbered Crater Forest Service Further Planning (RARE II) Areas, Modoc, Shasta, and Siskiyou Counties, California","docAbstract":"

In accordance with the provisions of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (Public Law 94-579, October 21, 1976), the Geological Survey and the Bureau of Mines have conducted mineral surveys on certain areas, which formally had been identified as \"natural\" and \"primitive\" areas prior to November 1, 1975.

The Wilderness Act (Public Law 88-577, September 3, 1964) and related Acts, r equire the Geological Survey and the Bureau of Mines to survey certain areas on Federal lands to determine their mineral resource potential. Results must be made available to the public and be submitted to the Administration and the Congress. These maps and reports present the results of a geological and mineral survey of the Baker-Cypress BLM Instant Study Area and Timbered Crater Forest Service Further Planning (RARE II) areas.

The study areas have no potential for metallic commodities as determined from spectrographic analyses of rocks (Peterson, 1980). Several localities within the study areas, however, contain stone that can be used for decorative purposes in building construction . The study areas may also have geothermal potential, but at this time quantitative data are unavailable.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1214B","usgsCitation":"Peterson, J.A., Martin, L., Esparza, L.E., and Cwick, G.J., 1981, Mineral resource potential of the Baker-Cypress BLM Instant Study Area and Timbered Crater Forest Service Further Planning (RARE II) Areas, Modoc, Shasta, and Siskiyou Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1214, 24.73 x 28.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1214B.","productDescription":"24.73 x 28.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1214-B/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":360000,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1214-B/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Modoc County, Shasta County, Siskiyou County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.5,41.083333333333336 ], [ -121.5,41.25 ], [ -121.33333333333333,41.25 ], [ -121.33333333333333,41.083333333333336 ], [ -121.5,41.083333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6275ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Jocelyn A.","contributorId":13954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Jocelyn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, L.M.","contributorId":19224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esparza, L. E.","contributorId":72848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esparza","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cwick, Gary J.","contributorId":86022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cwick","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":48689,"text":"ofr81269 - 1981 - Development of a quantitative model of stress in a seismic region as a basis for earthquake prediction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:44","indexId":"ofr81269","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-269","title":"Development of a quantitative model of stress in a seismic region as a basis for earthquake prediction","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr81269","usgsCitation":"Aki, K., and Ikeda, K., 1981, Development of a quantitative model of stress in a seismic region as a basis for earthquake prediction: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-269, [2], 26, 95 p., 3 leaves of plates : ill. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81269.","productDescription":"[2], 26, 95 p., 3 leaves of plates : ill. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0269/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":85497,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0269/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6603b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aki, Keiiti","contributorId":88790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aki","given":"Keiiti","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ikeda, Keiichiro","contributorId":85831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikeda","given":"Keiichiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":48684,"text":"ofr81219 - 1981 - Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":48684,"text":"ofr81219 - 1981 - Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska","indexId":"ofr81219","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6407,"text":"pp1235 - 1982 - Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska","indexId":"pp1235","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":6407,"text":"pp1235 - 1982 - Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska","indexId":"pp1235","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T19:13:49.253339","indexId":"ofr81219","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-219","title":"Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska","docAbstract":"

The Kenai River system is the most important freshwater fishery in Alaska. The flow regime is characterized by high summer flow of glacial meltwater and periodic flooding caused by sudden releases of glacier-dammed lakes in the headwaters. Throughout most of its 50-mile course across the Kenai Peninsula Lowlands to Cook Inlet, the river meanders within coarse bed material with a median diameter typically in the range of 40-60 millimeters. Every nontidal section of the stream is a known or potential salmon-spawning site.

The stream is underfit, a condition attributed to regional glacial recession and hypothesized drainage changes, and locally is entrenched in response to geologically recent changes in base level. The coarseness of the bed material is explained by these characteristics, combined with the reservoir-like effects of two large moraine impounded lakes, Kenai and Skilak Lakes, that formed as lowland glaciers receded. Throughout the central section of the river the channel is effectively armored, a condition that may have important long-term implications for the ability of this section of channel to support the spawning and rearing of salmon.

The 3.8 river miles of channel below Skilak Lake contain submersed, crescentic gravel dunes with lengths in excess of 500 ft and heights of more than 15 ft. Such bed forms are highly unusual in streams with coarse bed material. The dunes were entirely stable from 1950 to at least 1977, so much so that small details of shape were unmodified by a major glacial-outburst flood in 1974. The features are the product of a flood greatly in excess of any recorded discharge.

The entrenched section of the channel has been stable since at least 1950-195, only negligible amounts of bank erosion are indicated by sequential aerial photos. Bank erosion is active both upstream and downstream from the entrenched channel, however, and erosion rates in those reaches are locally comparable to rates in streams of similar size. Although erosion rates have been generally constant since 1950-1951, evidence suggests a possible recent decrease in bank stability and an increase in erosion that could be related to changes in river use.

The high sustained flow of summer encourages a variety of recreation-related modifications to the bank and flood plain--canals, groins, boat ramps, slips, embankments, as well as commercial developments. As population and recreation use increase, development can pose a hazard to the productivity of the stream through increased suspended-sediment concentration resulting directly from construction and, with greater potential for long-term impact, indirectly from bank erosion. A short-term hazard, to both stream and developments is the cutoff of meander loops, the risk of which is increased by canals and boat slips cut in the surface layer of cohesive, erosion-resistant sediment on the flood plain within nonentrenched meander loops. A significant long-term hazard is an increase in bank erosion rates resulting from the loss of stabilizing vegetation on the high (up to 70 ft) cutbanks of entrenched and partially entrenched sections of channel. Potential root causes of erosion vegetation loss are river-use practices, meander cutoffs, and groin construction.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81219","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Scott, K.M., 1981, Erosion and sedimentation in the Kenai River, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-219, vi, 116 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81219.","productDescription":"vi, 116 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408913,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0219/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":171586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0219/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kenai River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.336181640625,\n 59.62332522313024\n ],\n [\n -151.7431640625,\n 59.04620586244391\n ],\n [\n -148.96362304687497,\n 59.87239799228177\n ],\n [\n -147.667236328125,\n 59.65109171169264\n ],\n [\n -147.227783203125,\n 59.99898612060444\n ],\n [\n -149.43603515625,\n 61.554109444927185\n ],\n [\n -150.1611328125,\n 61.601171646037486\n ],\n [\n -151.962890625,\n 60.925093815014655\n ],\n [\n -153.45703125,\n 59.99349233206085\n ],\n [\n -153.336181640625,\n 59.62332522313024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdf81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Kevin M.","contributorId":88331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":238017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":60603,"text":"mf1161B - 1981 - Interpretation of an aerial radiometric survey of the San Gorgonio Wilderness Area and vicinity, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T08:34:26","indexId":"mf1161B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1161","chapter":"B","title":"Interpretation of an aerial radiometric survey of the San Gorgonio Wilderness Area and vicinity, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"

The aerial radiometric data for the San Gorgonio Wilderness Area show slight correlation with mapped geology and contain no information of economic significance. Precambrian and modified Precambrian crystalline rocks have more eTh compared to Mesozoic plutonic rocks and one rock unit mapped as a pluton has slightly more K. These rocks have essentially uniform ratios of eU/eTh and eU/K despite their different origins. The ratios and also show that part of the granodiorite of Manzanita Springs could be somewhat deficient in eTh and K. It is concluded that the mapped radioelement distributions are within reasonable limits for the rock types involved, and there is no immediate evidence on any anomalous concentrations of radioactive minerals within the Wilderness Area. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Gelogical Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1161B","isbn":"0607806494","usgsCitation":"Pitkin, J.A., and Duval, J.S., 1981, Interpretation of an aerial radiometric survey of the San Gorgonio Wilderness Area and vicinity, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1161, 43.40 x 35.02 in and 43.95 x 33.51 in, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1161B.","productDescription":"43.40 x 35.02 in and 43.95 x 33.51 in","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1161B.PNG"},{"id":327395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1161-B/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":327396,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1161-B/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Bernardino","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117,34.0175 ], [ -117,34.18388888888889 ], [ -116.66666666666667,34.18388888888889 ], [ -116.66666666666667,34.0175 ], [ -117,34.0175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e0587","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pitkin, James A.","contributorId":96651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitkin","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duval, Joseph S.","contributorId":22314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duval","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53490,"text":"fwsobs81_15 - 1981 - The ecology of intertidal oyster reefs of the South Atlantic Coast: A community profile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-15T14:44:33.438182","indexId":"fwsobs81_15","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"81/15","title":"The ecology of intertidal oyster reefs of the South Atlantic Coast: A community profile","docAbstract":"The functional role of the intertidal oyster reef community in the southeastern Atlantic coastal zone is described. This description is based on a compilation of published data, as well as some unpublished information presented as hypotheses.\r\n\r\nThe profile is organized in a hierarchical manner, such that relevant details of reef oyster biology (autecology) are presented, followed by a description of the reef community level of organization. Then the reef community is described as a subsystem of the coastal marsh-ecosystem (synecoloqy). This information is also synthesized in a series of nested conceptual models of oyster reefs at the regional level, the drainage basin level, and the individual reef level. The final chapter includes a summary overview and a section on management implications and guidelines.\r\n\r\n\r\nIntertidal oyster reefs are relatively persistent features of the salt marsh estuarine ecosystem in the southeastern Atlantic coastal zone. The average areal extent of the oyster reef subsystem in this larger ecosystem is relatively small (about 0.05%). This proportion does not reflect, however, the functional importance of the reef subsystem in stablizing the marsh, providing food for estuarine consumers, mineralizing organic matter, and providing firm substrates in this otherwise soft environment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Bahr, L., and Lanier, W.P., 1981, The ecology of intertidal oyster reefs of the South Atlantic Coast: A community profile: FWS/OBS 81/15, x, 105 p.","productDescription":"x, 105 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f6c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bahr, Leonard M.","contributorId":46603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahr","given":"Leonard M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanier, William P.","contributorId":73672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanier","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":59612,"text":"mf1214C - 1981 - Map showing aeromagnetic interpretation of the Baker-Cypress BLM Instant Study Area and Timbered Crater Forest Service Further Planning Areas, Modoc, Shasta, and Siskiyou counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-06T14:40:41","indexId":"mf1214C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1214","chapter":"C","title":"Map showing aeromagnetic interpretation of the Baker-Cypress BLM Instant Study Area and Timbered Crater Forest Service Further Planning Areas, Modoc, Shasta, and Siskiyou counties, California","docAbstract":"

The data for the aeromagnetic map of the Baker-Cypress and Timbered crater areas were collected in 1978 and compiled at a scale of 1 :62,500 (U,S, Geological Survey, 1979). East-west traverses were spaced at 0.8-km intervals at a constant altitude of 1370 m (4500 ft) above sea level, Contour interval is 20 and 100 gammas, depending upon the steepness of local gradients in the Earth's magnetic field. A regional magnetic field (the International Geomagnetic Reference Field - 1975, updated to the month flown) of approximately 5-6 gammas/km was removed from the data be fore con touring.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1214C","usgsCitation":"Griscom, A., 1981, Map showing aeromagnetic interpretation of the Baker-Cypress BLM Instant Study Area and Timbered Crater Forest Service Further Planning Areas, Modoc, Shasta, and Siskiyou counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1214, 29.11 x 23.46 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1214C.","productDescription":"29.11 x 23.46 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359992,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1214-C/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":183345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1214-C/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Modoc County, Shasta County, Siskiyou County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.58333333333333,41.083333333333336 ], [ -121.58333333333333,41.25 ], [ -121.33333333333333,41.25 ], [ -121.33333333333333,41.083333333333336 ], [ -121.58333333333333,41.083333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655511","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griscom, Andrew","contributorId":23520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griscom","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58526,"text":"mf1196C - 1981 - Map showing mineral-resource potential of the King Range and Chemise Mountain Instant Study Areas, Humboldt and Mendocino counties, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":21955,"text":"ofr80814 - 1980 - Mineral resources of the King Range and Chemise Mountain Instant Wilderness Study Areas, Humboldt and Mendocino counties, California","indexId":"ofr80814","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Mineral resources of the King Range and Chemise Mountain Instant Wilderness Study Areas, Humboldt and Mendocino counties, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":58526,"text":"mf1196C - 1981 - Map showing mineral-resource potential of the King Range and Chemise Mountain Instant Study Areas, Humboldt and Mendocino counties, California","indexId":"mf1196C","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Map showing mineral-resource potential of the King Range and Chemise Mountain Instant Study Areas, Humboldt and Mendocino counties, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T13:25:29","indexId":"mf1196C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1196","chapter":"C","title":"Map showing mineral-resource potential of the King Range and Chemise Mountain Instant Study Areas, Humboldt and Mendocino counties, California","docAbstract":"

The potential for economic development of energy-related or metallic mineral resources in the King Range and Chemise Mountain Instant Study Areas is low to moderate as indicated by geologic, geophysical, and geochemical investigations.

\n

No oil or gas seeps or coal seams were detected within the King Range or Chemise Mountain Study Area. The low porosity and permeability of the Franciscan sandstones that underlie these areas indicate a very low potential for oil or gas. The geothermal resource potential of these areas also is low.

\n

Minor manganese resources occur adjacent to the southeast corner of the King Range Instant Study Area near Queen Peak. The manganese forms small stratabound deposits associated with radiolarian chert and pillow basalt. The known deposits are too small and the manganese too low in concentration for further economic exploitation. Similar manganese mineralization may be within the belt of melange in the southeast corner of the King Range area and within the Chemise Mountain Instant Study Area, but economic deposits are unlikely.
Although there has been historical base- and precious-metal exploration activity north of the King Range in the Mattole River drainage, our geologic and geochemical field data indicate almost no gold potential and low potentials for lead, zinc, copper, and silver. During this investigation, one high-grade vein and several minor veins containing lead, zinc, copper, and silver were discovered at Point Delgada immediately south of the King Range Instant Study Area. The vein mineralization is Miocene and cuts Cretaceous basalt flows, dikes, flow breccia, and younger overlying sedimentary rocks of the King Range. The vein mineralization at Point Delgada could be remobilized from more extensive unexposed stratabound base-metal mineralization at depth. Traces of lead and zinc detected within the King Range Instant Study Area may have similar stratabound or vein origins, but no resource potential is indicated. Minor copper mineralization with associated lead, zinc, and manganese anomalies within the Chemise Mountain Instant Study Area is of low economic potential because of the shearing, isolation, and lenticularity of the basaltic and cherty rocks within the melange
mineralization.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1196C","usgsCitation":"McLaughlin, R.J., Sorg, D.H., Ohlin, H., and Beutner, E., 1981, Map showing mineral-resource potential of the King Range and Chemise Mountain Instant Study Areas, Humboldt and Mendocino counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1196, Report: 20 p.; Plate: 21.09 x 37.66 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1196C.","productDescription":"Report: 20 p.; Plate: 21.09 x 37.66 inches","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/MF1196C.jpg"},{"id":310513,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1196-C/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310514,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1196-C/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"200000","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Humboldt County, Mendocino County","otherGeospatial":"Chemise Mountain, King Range","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-124.1664,40.8197],[-124.1603,40.8194],[-124.175,40.8081],[-124.1664,40.8197]]],[[[-123.7714,41.4656],[-123.7706,41.3811],[-123.5036,41.3829],[-123.4821,41.3722],[-123.4744,41.3661],[-123.4817,41.3541],[-123.4771,41.3274],[-123.4559,41.2981],[-123.4638,41.2861],[-123.4454,41.2744],[-123.4417,41.2518],[-123.4543,41.2359],[-123.4384,41.2264],[-123.409,41.1801],[-123.4314,41.1558],[-123.4286,41.1268],[-123.4407,41.0919],[-123.4596,41.0914],[-123.4578,41.0705],[-123.4235,41.0566],[-123.406,41.0149],[-123.4202,41.0077],[-123.4359,40.9727],[-123.4513,40.9649],[-123.4447,40.9451],[-123.4674,40.9367],[-123.479,40.9159],[-123.5377,40.9313],[-123.5564,40.9494],[-123.5833,40.9308],[-123.6195,40.9346],[-123.6246,40.9286],[-123.5985,40.8781],[-123.5785,40.8683],[-123.5845,40.8568],[-123.5619,40.8434],[-123.558,40.829],[-123.5659,40.8178],[-123.555,40.8082],[-123.5413,40.7392],[-123.5429,39.978],[-122.9339,39.9784],[-122.9244,39.9677],[-122.9259,39.9486],[-122.9091,39.9355],[-122.9191,39.9189],[-122.9485,39.9076],[-122.9577,39.8484],[-122.9439,39.8225],[-122.9362,39.7501],[-122.9123,39.7499],[-122.9099,39.7118],[-122.8907,39.7114],[-122.8888,39.5309],[-122.9372,39.5319],[-122.9371,39.5174],[-123.0231,39.5191],[-123.0233,39.5114],[-123.0623,39.5034],[-123.0633,39.4522],[-123.0723,39.4524],[-123.0755,39.4083],[-123.057,39.4074],[-123.0574,39.3793],[-123.0473,39.3796],[-123.038,39.3372],[-123.0291,39.3366],[-123.0296,39.322],[-123.0201,39.3223],[-123.0197,39.2779],[-123.0048,39.2783],[-122.9951,39.2368],[-123.0129,39.2363],[-123.0134,39.2223],[-123.0212,39.2225],[-123.0468,39.175],[-123.0806,39.175],[-123.0844,39.0955],[-123.0939,39.0948],[-123.0934,39.073],[-123.0658,39.0661],[-123.0559,39.0219],[-123.0274,39.0082],[-123.0274,38.9973],[-122.9872,38.9976],[-122.9871,38.984],[-122.9764,38.9838],[-122.977,38.9471],[-122.9681,38.9469],[-122.9612,38.9257],[-122.9488,38.9252],[-122.9476,38.9007],[-122.8942,38.8963],[-122.8935,38.8823],[-122.8396,38.8678],[-122.8392,38.8583],[-122.8197,38.858],[-122.8181,38.8503],[-123.0796,38.8525],[-123.08,38.8385],[-123.1392,38.8395],[-123.1383,38.8091],[-123.3698,38.8057],[-123.3718,38.7775],[-123.4995,38.7794],[-123.5209,38.7596],[-123.6469,38.8447],[-123.6592,38.8714],[-123.6808,38.8819],[-123.7111,38.9142],[-123.7272,38.9178],[-123.7424,38.9552],[-123.72,38.9644],[-123.6972,39.0039],[-123.6897,39.0339],[-123.6956,39.0603],[-123.7194,39.13],[-123.7369,39.1394],[-123.7381,39.1617],[-123.7704,39.1939],[-123.7753,39.24],[-123.7917,39.2733],[-123.802,39.2767],[-123.8033,39.2878],[-123.7867,39.3003],[-123.81,39.304],[-123.8008,39.3189],[-123.8271,39.3487],[-123.8183,39.3606],[-123.822,39.4063],[-123.8128,39.4262],[-123.8196,39.436],[-123.804,39.4902],[-123.7872,39.5044],[-123.7689,39.5486],[-123.7587,39.5453],[-123.7875,39.5964],[-123.7828,39.6214],[-123.7946,39.6901],[-123.8302,39.7222],[-123.8513,39.8314],[-123.9063,39.8617],[-123.9295,39.908],[-123.9556,39.923],[-123.9805,39.9626],[-124.0343,40.0117],[-124.0567,40.0249],[-124.0754,40.0247],[-124.0823,40.0695],[-124.1128,40.1049],[-124.1883,40.1313],[-124.2161,40.1619],[-124.2884,40.2027],[-124.3637,40.2618],[-124.3493,40.3199],[-124.3632,40.3463],[-124.3687,40.3834],[-124.4096,40.441],[-124.3857,40.4896],[-124.3834,40.518],[-124.3119,40.65],[-124.2356,40.7558],[-124.2439,40.7635],[-124.2287,40.7452],[-124.2679,40.6985],[-124.2365,40.6921],[-124.2194,40.6767],[-124.2222,40.7006],[-124.2122,40.7058],[-124.2207,40.7376],[-124.1978,40.7528],[-124.2028,40.7694],[-124.1989,40.7653],[-124.1831,40.8014],[-124.1482,40.8102],[-124.1311,40.8014],[-124.1425,40.8083],[-124.1236,40.8064],[-124.0833,40.8322],[-124.0858,40.8506],[-124.0962,40.8563],[-124.117,40.8524],[-124.1522,40.8689],[-124.1483,40.8633],[-124.1883,40.8101],[-124.1951,40.788],[-124.2211,40.7597],[-124.2375,40.7672],[-124.2271,40.7693],[-124.169,40.8565],[-124.1231,40.9717],[-124.1128,41.0281],[-124.135,41.0544],[-124.1533,41.0531],[-124.165,41.1381],[-124.1417,41.1456],[-124.1078,41.2233],[-124.0678,41.3897],[-124.0653,41.4633],[-123.7714,41.4656]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Humboldt\",\"state\":\"CA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a19d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLaughlin, R. J. 0000-0002-4390-2288","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-2288","contributorId":107271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorg, D. H.","contributorId":63380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorg","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ohlin, H.N.","contributorId":12842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlin","given":"H.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beutner, E.C.","contributorId":36220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beutner","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":8198,"text":"ofr81852 - 1981 - An archeological sample survey in the Cache Creek-Little Granite Creek area of the Bridger-Teton National Forest, western Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-15T17:36:03.892711","indexId":"ofr81852","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-852","title":"An archeological sample survey in the Cache Creek-Little Granite Creek area of the Bridger-Teton National Forest, western Wyoming","docAbstract":"

Archeological Services of Laramie, Wyoming, undertook a Class II archeological reconnaissance of a large tract of land in a proposed wilderness area in the Bridger-Teton National Forest. The findings were to be submitted for inclusion in an Environmental Impact Statement being assembled by Land Management Services of Jackson, Wyoming. The study area is being considered for possible drilling sites in the near future.

The project area lies on the southwest slope of the Gros Ventre Mountain Range in the Cache Creek-Little Granite Creek area in Teton County, north-western Wyoming. A total of 16 prehistoric sites and isolated finds were recorded within or immediately adjacent to the study area boundaries. The total surface area covered amounted to 1857 acres (or 5.7%) of the 32,580 acres included in the study. An intensive surface evaluation was completed of all staked projects (well locations and access roads) in the survey area. Exploratory or evaluative testing is recommended for the Getty Reserve well location and in one area on the NCRA well access route. Some form of further evaluation is recommended at thirteen other localities.

Fieldwork was conducted during September, 1980, by archeologists from Archeological Services. Subsequent analysis included the application of a model of site predictability based on the statistical analysis of environmental factors, such as slope, aspect, vegetation, soils, fauna and proximity to water.

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Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-885","title":"Vertical displacement measurements in Central California with a long-baseline two-fluid tiltmeter","docAbstract":"

The need for a water-tube tiltmeter and the details of its operation were covered by Eaton [1] in 1959. Since that time more modern instrumentation has allowed modification and further development beyond the basic single-tube fluid tiltmeter with a mechanical surface sensor. A number of instruments are discussed in connection with thermal errors in a paper by Bevan and Bilham [2] including one due to Huggett, et al. [3]. This particular instrument, the two-fluid tiltmeter, is the subject of this project. A laboratory single leg prototype developed by Terra Technology Corporation [4] was modified and expanded for use in a field test site in central California.

The two major differences in this fluid tiltmeter are the use of two parallel tubes filled with fluids of different thermal properties experiencing the same thermal environment and the design of the level sensors in the reservoirs. The latter being piezoelectric acoustic drivers (sonar type transducers) submerged in the liquid which detect the change in the surface height in the reservoirs.

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