No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr86359","usgsCitation":"Diggles, M.F., Detra, D., Tucker, R.E., and Romine, K.A., 1986, Geochemical data for samples of rock, stream sediment, and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate from the South Sierra Wilderness and the South Sierra Roadless Area, southern Sierra Nevada, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-359, Report: 104 p.; 1 Plate: 26.12 x 31.36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86359.","productDescription":"Report: 104 p.; 1 Plate: 26.12 x 31.36 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414650,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17014.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":145796,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0359/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40070,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0359/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40071,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0359/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South Sierra Roadless Area, South Sierra Wilderness","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.282,\n 36.313\n ],\n [\n -118.282,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 36.313\n ],\n [\n -118.282,\n 36.313\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae442","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diggles, M. F.","contributorId":39356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diggles","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Detra, D.E.","contributorId":72358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detra","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, R. E.","contributorId":50520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Romine, K. A.","contributorId":33327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romine","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":96398,"text":"96398 - 1986 - Analysis of forest structure using thematic mapper simulator data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:50","indexId":"96398","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Analysis of forest structure using thematic mapper simulator data","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing: GE-24","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.L., Westman, W., Stephenson, N., Ambrosia, V., Brass, J., and Spanner, M., 1986, Analysis of forest structure using thematic mapper simulator data, chap. of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing: GE-24, p. 113-121.","productDescription":"p. 113-121","startPage":"113","endPage":"121","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6805e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, D. L.","contributorId":36484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westman, W.E.","contributorId":90660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westman","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stephenson, N.L.","contributorId":17559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ambrosia, V.G.","contributorId":61770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambrosia","given":"V.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brass, J.A.","contributorId":21887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brass","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spanner, M.A.","contributorId":64174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spanner","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":27169,"text":"wri864180 - 1986 - Long-term water-quality characteristics of Charlotte Harbor, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T18:25:22.645995","indexId":"wri864180","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4180","title":"Long-term water-quality characteristics of Charlotte Harbor, Florida","docAbstract":"Water-quality data for nine constituents collected from January 1976 through March 1984 in upper Charlotte Harbor were examined for evidence of trend (change) with time. Average seasonal patterns and moving averages were described to aid initial descriptions of variation. Multilinear regression models were developed using independent variables that are known to or that may affect variation of constituent. A nonparametric analysis (Seasonal Kendall test) was used as a different approach to determine trends. These results were generally consistent with the parametric analyses. Evidence suggested an increasing trend for temperature and orthophosphate and a decreasing trend for near-surface dissolved oxygen. The temperature trend was related to low winter temperatures early in the period. The orthophosphate trend was related to a major source, the Peace River. The source of the dissolved oxygen trend was not identified, but a relation with primary producers (phytoplankton) was likely. Evidence of a trend was not found for total phosphate, reactive silica, and organic nitrogen. Trend analysis for chloride appeared complicated by strong serial correlation, and the tentative conclusion was that no trend occurred. Nitrate plus nitrite and ammonia data contained too many values that were less than detection limits, and trend analysis could not be made.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864180","usgsCitation":"Fraser, T.H., 1986, Long-term water-quality characteristics of Charlotte Harbor, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4180, v, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864180.","productDescription":"v, 43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":56043,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4180/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126684,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4180/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":415854,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49213.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Charlotte Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82,\n 26.9167\n ],\n [\n -82.25,\n 26.9167\n ],\n [\n -82.25,\n 26.667\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 26.667\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 26.9167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63eff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fraser, T. H.","contributorId":46130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraser","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28333,"text":"wri864138 - 1986 - Preliminary appraisal of ground water in and near the ancestral Missouri River Valley, northeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-03T18:53:28.63564","indexId":"wri864138","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4138","title":"Preliminary appraisal of ground water in and near the ancestral Missouri River Valley, northeastern Montana","docAbstract":"A preliminary appraisal was conducted in and near the ancestral Missouri River valley in northeastern Montana to describe the groundwater resources and to establish a data base for the area. The data base then could be used for future evaluation of possible changes in water levels or water quality. In this area, consolidated aquifers are the Upper Cretaceous Fox Hills-lower Hell Creek aquifer and the overlying Paleocene Fort Union Formation. Unconsolidated aquifers are Pleistocene terrace gravel and glacial deposits and Holocene alluvial deposits. Aquifers are recharged by precipitation, infiltration of streamflow, and possibly leakage from lakes and potholes. Groundwater moves from topographically higher areas to the ancestral valley, then along the ancestral valley to the southwest. Water is discharged from aquifers by evapotranspiration, springs and seeps, movement directly into streams and lakes, and from pumping wells. Average well yields are greatest for irrigation wells completed in outwash gravel (886 gallons/min). Eighteen wells were completed in various aquifers to monitor potential long-term changes in water levels and water quality. Measured water levels declined about 2 ft. or less during the study (1982-85). Chemical analysis of groundwater samples indicated that concentrations of some dissolved constituents exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards for drinking water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864138","usgsCitation":"Levings, G.W., 1986, Preliminary appraisal of ground water in and near the ancestral Missouri River Valley, northeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4138, Report: iv, 41 p.; 4 Plates: 12.46 x 19.92 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864138.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 41 p.; 4 Plates: 12.46 x 19.92 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415087,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36570.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57144,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4138/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57143,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4138/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57142,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4138/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57141,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4138/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57140,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4138/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158494,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4138/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.624,\n 48.911\n ],\n [\n -104.624,\n 48.373\n ],\n [\n -104.054,\n 48.373\n ],\n [\n -104.054,\n 48.911\n ],\n [\n -104.624,\n 48.911\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67ca7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levings, G. W.","contributorId":12485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levings","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29212,"text":"wri854013 - 1986 - Ground-water resource assessment of the Montauk area, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T21:03:03.221404","indexId":"wri854013","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4013","title":"Ground-water resource assessment of the Montauk area, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"The water resources of the Montauk area were investigated from October 1980 through September 1983 to assess the availability of fresh groundwater. The principal aquifer, which consists of fine- to coarse-grained stratified glacial drift, is the sole source of freshwater. The freshwater/saltwater interface lies as much as 150 ft below sea level, but the till unit and the marine-clay unit limit the thickness of the zone from which freshwater may easily be withdrawn to < 100 ft in most places. Precipitation, the sole source of freshwater in the Montauk area , averages about 42 in/yr. Direct runoff is approximately 1 in/yr, and evapotranspiration about 20 in/yr; the remaining 21 inches is the net recharge to the principal aquifer. The horizontal hydraulic conductivity, as calculated from specific-capacity data, ranges from 130 to 350 ft/d. Analysis of an aquifer pumping test indicates that horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the principal aquifer is approximately 275 ft/d and the vertical hydraulic conductivity is approximately 90 ft/d; the storage coefficient ranges from 1.1 x .001 to 2.2 x .001. A numerical two-dimensional flow model that simulates the areal flow of fresh- and saltwater was developed to evaluate the effects of the present level of groundwater development and the potential effects of increased future withdrawals. Model results indicate that the principal aquifer is capable of producing several times more than the 0.6 mil gal/d now being withdrawn for public supply. Examination of well design and pumping rates, and analysis of analog-model studies of saltwater upconing to wells, indicate that the peak pumping rate of public supply wells exceeds the limit necessary to avoid contamination from saltwater. With proper well design and distribution of pumping stress, the aquifer system would be capable of supplying enough water to meet the needs of the population projected through 1995.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854013","usgsCitation":"Prince, K.R., 1986, Ground-water resource assessment of the Montauk area, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4013, Report: viii, 103 p.; 2 Plates: 31.95 x 14.55 inches and 34.29 x 21.12 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854013.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 103 p.; 2 Plates: 31.95 x 14.55 inches and 34.29 x 21.12 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415605,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36208.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58069,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4013/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58070,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58068,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4013/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124915,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4013/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island, Montauk area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.854,\n 41.083\n ],\n [\n -72.042,\n 41.083\n ],\n [\n -72.042,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -71.854,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -71.854,\n 41.083\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db666fee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prince, K. R.","contributorId":7328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prince","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28149,"text":"wri854068 - 1986 - Effects of urbanization on streamflow, sediment loads, and channel morphology in Pheasant Branch basin near Middleton, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T21:11:33.502893","indexId":"wri854068","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4068","title":"Effects of urbanization on streamflow, sediment loads, and channel morphology in Pheasant Branch basin near Middleton, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"A 5-year, data-collection and modeling study was conducted on Pheasant Branch basin in and near Middleton, Wisconsin. The objectives of the study were to: (1) describe the streamflow characteristics, sediment transport, and stream-channel morphology in the Pheasant Branch basin; and (2) relate the above factors to changes caused by urbanization and project the effect of urbanization on the hydrology and channel morphology of the study area.
\n\n
Streamflow data were collected at five sites for 4 years in the basin to defme present streamflow conditions. Suspended-sediment data also were collected at these sites. In addition, periodic surveys of monumented channel cross sections were made and compared with a survey from an earlier study to document changes in the channel over a period of 10 years.
\nThe suspended-sediment data show a decrease in suspended-sediment load through the fully urbanized reach of the stream in 3 of the 4 years studied. This corresponds with the slight net decrease in cross-section area in this reach for the same period. Possible explanations for the decrease in suspended-sediment loads through this reach include (1) sediment being trapped at the five drop structures and the Park Street erosion-control structure and (2) sediment being deposited in overbank areas throughout the reach. Farther downstream, the suspended-sediment load decreased through the Pheasant Branch marsh during a year of high flow but increased through the marsh in 2 of the 3 years for which complete data are available. The marsh is not acting as a net sediment trap in some years.
\nA rainfall-runoff model was calibrated and verified for the basin upstream from U.S. Highway 12. This model was used to simulate 68 years of summer flood hydrographs for three conditions: Current land use, projected urban development, and complete urban development of all lands in the basin. Analysis of simulated flood flows indicates that projected urban development would double the mean annual flood peaks at U.S. Highway 12. Complete development of the basin would increase the mean annual flood peak by a factor of 2.4.
\nFrom 1971 to 1977, the mean streambed elevation lowered by almost 2 feet, and the mean channel width increased by more than 35 percent in the reach downstream from the fully urbanized part of the basin. In other reaches, the mean streambed elevation lowered by more than a foot. Changes in channel cross sections after 1977 were smaller.
\nIncreases in flood flow would tend to enlarge the channel. An increase in the mean annual flood by a factor of 2. 0 to 2.4 will cause a 40 to 50 percent increase in channel width and a 30 to 40 percent increase in channel depth.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854068","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin-Extension, Geological and Natural History Survey and the City of Middleton","usgsCitation":"Krug, W., and Goddard, G.L., 1986, Effects of urbanization on streamflow, sediment loads, and channel morphology in Pheasant Branch basin near Middleton, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4068, vi, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854068.","productDescription":"vi, 82 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415474,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36247.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123391,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4068/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56979,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4068/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","city":"Middleton","otherGeospatial":"Pheasant Branch","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.589,\n 43.049\n ],\n [\n -89.589,\n 43.16\n ],\n [\n -89.469,\n 43.16\n ],\n [\n -89.469,\n 43.049\n ],\n [\n -89.589,\n 43.049\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fd46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krug, W.R.","contributorId":23147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krug","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goddard, G. L.","contributorId":10442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goddard","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":38487,"text":"pp1403B - 1986 - Hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T16:59:22.807123","indexId":"pp1403B","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1403","chapter":"B","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina","docAbstract":"The Floridan aquifer system of the Southeastern United States is comprised of a thick sequence of carbonate rocks that are mostly of Paleocene to early Miocene age and that are hydraulically connected in varying degrees. The aquifer system consists of a single vertically continuous permeable unit updip and of two major permeable zones (the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers) separated by one of seven middle confining units downdip. Neither the boundaries of the aquifer system or of its component high- and low-permeability zones necessarily conform to either formation boundaries or time-stratigraphic breaks. The rocks that make up the Floridan aquifer system, its upper and lower confining units, and a surficial aquifer have been separated into several chronostratigraphic units. The external and internal geometry of these stratigraphic units is presented on a series of structure contour and isopach maps and by a series of geohydrologic cross sections and a fence diagram. Paleocene through middle Eocene units consist of an updip clastic facies and a downdip carbonate bank facies, that extends progressively farther north and east in progressively younger units. Upper Eocene and Oligocene strata are predominantly carbonate rocks throughout the study area. Miocene and younger strata are mostly clastic rocks. Subsurface data show that some modifications in current stratigraphic nomenclature are necessary. First, the middle Eocene Lake City Limestone cannot be distinguished lithologically or faunally from the overlying middle Eocene Avon Park 'Limestone.' Accordingly, it is proposed that the term Lake City be abandoned and the term Avon Park Formation be applied to the entire middle Eocene carbonate section of peninsular Florida and southeastern Georgia. A reference well section in Levy County, Fla., is proposed for the expanded Avon Park Formation. The Avon Park is called a 'formation' more properly than a 'limestone' because the unit contains rock types other than limestone. Second, like the Avon Park, the lower Eocene Oldsmar and Paleocene Cedar Keys 'Limestones' of peninsular Florida practically everywhere contain rock types other than limestone. It is therefore proposed that these units be referred to more accurately as Oldsmar Formation and Cedar Keys Formation. The uppermost hydrologic unit in the study area is a surficial aquifer that can be divided into (1) a fluvial sand-and-gravel aquifer in southwestern Alabama and westernmost panhandle Florida, (2) limestone and sandy limestone of the Biscayne aquifer in southeastern peninsular Florida, and (3) a thin blanket of terrace and fluvial sands elsewhere. The surficial aquifer is underlain by a thick sequence of fine clastic rocks and low-permeability carbonate rocks, most of which are part of the middle Miocene Hawthorn Formation and all of which form the upper confining unit of the Floridan aquifer system. In places, the upper confining unit has been removed by erosion or is breached by sinkholes. Water in the Floridan aquifer system thus occurs under unconfined, semiconfined, or fully confined conditions, depending upon the presence, thickness, and integrity of the upper confining unit. Within the Floridan aquifer system, seven low permeability zones of subregional extent split the aquifer system in most places into an Upper and Lower Floridan aquifer. The Upper Floridan aquifer, which consists of all or parts of rocks of Oligocene age, late Eocene age, and the upper half of rocks of middle Eocene age, is highly permeable. The middle confining units that underlie the Upper Floridan are mostly of middle Eocene age but may be as young as Oligocene or as old as early Eocene. Where no middle confining unit exists, the entire aquifer system is comprised of permeable rocks and for hydrologic discussions is treated as the Upper Floridan aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1403B","usgsCitation":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina; 1986; PP; 1403-B; Miller, James A.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 91 p.; 34 Plates: 53.53 x 30.58 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"91","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420161,"rank":36,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Researchers in geomorphology, geochemistry, quaternary geology, soil science, and mineralogy will welcome this volume, the first to focus exclusively on rates of silicate chemical weathering. Consisting largely of previously unpublished data from six countries, the volume examines the latest experimental, modelling, and field results.
New information is presented on topics of current research interest, including inferences about chemical mechanisms at the level of mineral surfaces, and data relating weathering rates to landscape evolution over millions of years. The volume integrates the variety of approaches used by diverse subdisciplines in the assessment of weathering rates, and provides up-to-date references.
","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","isbn":"9780121814908","usgsCitation":"1986, Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals, 603 p.","productDescription":"603 p.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.elsevier.com/books/rates-of-chemical-weathering-of-rocks-and-minerals/colman/978-0-08-091737-5"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff3835e4b0da30c1bfd9b7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Colman, Steven M.","contributorId":6439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730906,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dethier, David P.","contributorId":35285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dethier","given":"David P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730907,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014484,"text":"70014484 - 1986 - Correlation of the Peach Springs Tuff, a large-volume Miocene ignimbrite sheet in California and Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-30T00:41:43.702288","indexId":"70014484","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation of the Peach Springs Tuff, a large-volume Miocene ignimbrite sheet in California and Arizona","docAbstract":"The Peach Springs Tuff is a distinctive early Miocene ignimbrite deposit that was first recognized in western Arizona. Recent field studies and phenocryst analyses indicate that adjacent outcrops of similar tuff in the central and easten Mojave Desert may be correlative. This proposed correlation implies that outcrops of the tuff are scattered over an area of at least 35 000 km2 from the western Colorado Plateau to Barstow, California, and that the erupted volume, allowing for posteruption crustal extension, was at least several hundred cubic kilometres. Thus, the Peach Springs Tuff may be a regional stratigraphic marker, useful for determining regional paleogeography and the time and extent of Tertiary crustal extension.
An immunoblot assay was used to identify the viruses of infectious pancreatic necrosis, infectious hematopoietic necrosis, and viral hemorrhagic septicemia. Viral antigen in infected cell culture supernatant was adsorbed onto nitrocellulose membrane or Whatman 541 filter paper and detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. The immunoblot assay took less than 4 hr to perform and required no special instrumentation. Assays using cell culture supernatant fluids showed immunoblot sensitivity was 105–106 PFU/ml. Assay sensitivity, determined using purified virus, is 0.85–4.0 ng of viral antigen. The immunoblot assay was used to detect and identify virus in cell culture fluids.
Intensity and chronology of molt in 10 feather groups (head, neck, breast, belly, back, rump, side, scapular, tertial, and tail) were measured using percentages of developing feathers (pinfeathers) converted to molt scores (0-100) in samples plucked monthly from northern pintails (Anas acuta) collected by shooting from August through March 1980-82 in the Sacramento Valley, California. Data to supplement sample size of immatures were obtained from October 1982 through January 1983. Molt scores of the prealternate molt peaked (30-40% pinfeathers) in immature and adult females and adult males in October when nearly all feather groups were molting. The prealternate molt in immature males did not peak until November. Adult males nearly completed this molt by December; no new feather growth occurred after January. Immature males were still growing new neck, side, rump, scapular, and tertial feathers in December. Molt scores of the prebasic molt among adult and immature females peaked (30-40% new growth) in February in both years. The prealternate molt of breast and belly feathers (both sexes) peaked earlier (Sep) than molt of most other feathers (Oct). Increased molt scores in peak months were a function of a disproportionate increase of molt activity within each feather group and the number of feather groups with molt. Molt scores of the prebasic molt in adult females were less during December and January of the dry (1980-81) than the wet (1981-82) winter. Restriction or delay of molt may conserve energy or other nutrients during poor habitat conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801488","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., 1986, Molt chronology of northern pintails in California: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 50, no. 1, p. 57-64, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801488.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"64","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133773,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Sacramento","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.9196340147235,\n 38.816933501046236\n ],\n [\n -121.9196340147235,\n 38.360732419713315\n ],\n [\n -120.78925476315183,\n 38.360732419713315\n ],\n [\n -120.78925476315183,\n 38.816933501046236\n ],\n [\n -121.9196340147235,\n 38.816933501046236\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69925c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Michael R.","contributorId":45796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12709,"text":"Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":310968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2000133,"text":"2000133 - 1986 - Techniques for studying nest success of ducks in upland habitats in the prairie pothole region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-29T13:19:23","indexId":"2000133","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":79,"text":"Resource Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"158","title":"Techniques for studying nest success of ducks in upland habitats in the prairie pothole region","docAbstract":"Selected procedures are described for conducting nesting studies of upland nesting ducks in the prairie pothole region. Emphasis is on the use of standard procedures so that comparable results can be obtained. Major topics addressed are finding nests by flushing hens with drags pulled by vehicles, recording of appropriate data, and calculating nest success rates. Techniques are described for conducting nest searches, candling eggs in the field, determining fate of clutches, and identifying species from evidence at nests. Two methods are presented for calculating nest success.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Klett, A., Duebbert, H., Faanes, C.A., and Higgins, K., 1986, Techniques for studying nest success of ducks in upland habitats in the prairie pothole region: Resource Publication 158, 24 p.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685a32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klett, A.T.","contributorId":34857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duebbert, Harold F.","contributorId":11544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duebbert","given":"Harold F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faanes, C. A.","contributorId":8790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faanes","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Higgins, K.F.","contributorId":55767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1003286,"text":"1003286 - 1986 - Distribution of early life history stages of fishes in selected pools of the upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-22T11:25:00.135462","indexId":"1003286","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of early life history stages of fishes in selected pools of the upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"Effective management of the fishery resources of the Upper Mississippi River and successful mitigation of the loss of critical habitat depend in part on an understanding of the reproductive and early life history requirements of the affected fishes. However, little is known about the use of nursery areas by fishes in the river. Of the nearly 130 species identified in the adult ichthyofauna, only a few are represented proportionally in the available data on early life stages because study designs have not included consideration of the early stages, collection gears have not adequately sampled the young, and eggs and larvae of some species are difficult to sample by conventional approaches. For the species collected, information is available on seasonal variations in total densities, composition, and catch among different habitat types. However, the data are most accurate for species with buoyant early life stages, such as freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) and gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum). Eggs and larvae of freshwater drum dominate collections made in the main channel, whereas other larval fishes are usually most abundant in backwater habitats. The species found there usually deposit eggs on the substrate or on vegetation. Habitat preferences (as indicated by relative abundance) often shift as development proceeds and physical and behavioral changes occur in the larvae. Only limited information is available on the distribution of larvae within habitats, but it is clear that variations within habitats are significant.
A short computer program, written in BASIC for the Apple IIe or IBM PC computer, efficiently performs all the calculations required to determine gas pressure and percent saturation values for water. Input for the program is limited to empirical determinations of barometric pressure, water temperature, differential dissolved gas pressures, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. An optional routine is included for obtaining a printed report of input data and results. The program can be easily modified to run on most other microcomputers that use BASIC programming language.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C142:CPCOGS%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Dawson, V.K., 1986, Computer program calculation of gas supersaturation in water: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 48, no. 2, p. 142-146, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C142:CPCOGS%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129542,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a78f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186152,"text":"70186152 - 1986 - Application of the Flory-Huggins theory to the solubility of solids in glyceryl trioleate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T11:13:37","indexId":"70186152","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5353,"text":"Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions I","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of the Flory-Huggins theory to the solubility of solids in glyceryl trioleate","docAbstract":"The conventional thermodynamic deviation for ideal solid–liquid solubilities is modified by substituting the Flory–Huggins model for Raoult's law. A comparison of published data for eleven solides in glyceryl trioleate with the predictions of the conventional and modified equations shows that the significantly higher athermal solubilities from the modified equation are in much better agreement with the experimental data. This suggests that discrepancies between the data and the predictions of the conventional model for ideal systems result from the inappropriate use of Raoult's law for systems with significant solute–solvent size disparity rather than from specific interactions.
During the past 5 years, the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center Field Office in Anchorage, Alaska has worked cooperatively with Federal and State resource management agencies to produce land-cover and terrain maps for 245 million acres of Alaska. The need for current land-cover information in Alaska comes principally from the mandates of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA), December 1980, which requires major land management agencies to prepare comprehensive management plans. The land-cover mapping projects integrate digital Landsat data, terrain data, aerial photographs, and field data. The resultant land-cover and terrain maps and associated data bases are used for resource assessment, management, and planning by many Alaskan agencies including the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and Alaska Department of Natural Resources. Applications addressed through use of the digital land-cover and terrain data bases range from comprehensive refuge planning to multiphased sampling procedures designed to inventory vegetation statewide. The land-cover mapping programs in Alaska demonstrate the operational utility of digital Landsat data and have resulted in a new land-cover mapping program by the USGS National Mapping Division to compile 1:250,000-scale land-cover maps in Alaska using a common statewide land-cover map legend.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Shasby, M., and Carneggie, D.M., 1986, Vegetation and terrain mapping in Alaska using Landsat MSS and digital terrain data: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 52, no. 6, p. 779-786.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"779","endPage":"786","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.736328125,\n 50.401515322782366\n ],\n [\n -179.736328125,\n 71.7188822971392\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 71.7188822971392\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 50.401515322782366\n ],\n [\n -179.736328125,\n 50.401515322782366\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54fec43fe4b02419550debf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shasby, Mark shasbym@usgs.gov","contributorId":223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shasby","given":"Mark","email":"shasbym@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carneggie, David M.","contributorId":62758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carneggie","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70140585,"text":"70140585 - 1986 - Processing techniques for the production of an experimental computer-generated shaded-relief map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:40:28","indexId":"70140585","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":709,"text":"American Cartographer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processing techniques for the production of an experimental computer-generated shaded-relief map","docAbstract":"An experimental computer-generated shaded-relief map of a topographic quadrangle of Nome, Alaska, at 1:1,000,000 scale was created to demonstrate current capabilities of map production. This paper describes the techniques used to produce the map product.
\nThe data consisted of forty-eight 1° by 1° blocks of resampled digital elevation model (DEM) data. These data were digitally mosaicked and assigned colors based on intervals of elevation values. The color-coded data set was then used to create a shaded-relief image that was photographically composited with cartographic line information to produce a shaded-relief map. The majority of the processing was completed at the National Mapping Division EROS Data Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1559/152304086783900149","usgsCitation":"Judd, D.D., 1986, Processing techniques for the production of an experimental computer-generated shaded-relief map: American Cartographer, v. 13, no. 1, p. 72-79, https://doi.org/10.1559/152304086783900149.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"79","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297866,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Nome","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165.50628662109375,\n 64.48344424608204\n ],\n [\n -165.50628662109375,\n 64.57085734168491\n ],\n [\n -165.31402587890625,\n 64.57085734168491\n ],\n [\n -165.31402587890625,\n 64.48344424608204\n ],\n [\n -165.50628662109375,\n 64.48344424608204\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c2de4b08de9379b368e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Judd, Damon D.","contributorId":139143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Judd","given":"Damon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70142590,"text":"70142590 - 1986 - Vegetation mapping of Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska using Landsat MSS digital data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-01T23:24:02.891479","indexId":"70142590","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation mapping of Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska using Landsat MSS digital data","docAbstract":"A Landsat-derived vegetation map was prepared for Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge. The refuge lies within the middle boreal subzone of north central Alaska. Seven major vegetation classes and sixteen subclasses were recognized: forest (closed needleleaf, open needleleaf, needleleaf woodland, mixed, and broadleaf); broadleaf scrub (lowland, alluvial, subalpine); dwarf scrub (prostrate dwarf shrub tundra, dwarf shrub-graminoid tussock peatland); herbaceous (graminoid bog, marsh and meadow); scarcely vegetated areas (scarcely vegetated scree and floodplain); water (clear, turbid); and other areas (mountain shadow). The methodology employed a cluster-block technique. Sample areas were described based on a combination of helicopter-ground survey, aerial photointerpretation, and digital Landsat data. Major steps in the Landsat analysis involved preprocessing (geometric correction), derivation of statistical parameters for spectral classes, spectral class labeling of sample areas, preliminary classification of the entire study area using a maximum-likelihood algorithm, and final classification utilizing ancillary information such as digital elevation data. The final product is a 1:250,000-scale vegetation map representative of distinctive regional patterns and suitable for use in comprehensive conservation planning.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Talbot, S., and Markon, C.J., 1986, Vegetation mapping of Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska using Landsat MSS digital data: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 52, no. 6, p. 791-799.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"791","endPage":"799","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":397992,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.asprs.org/asprs-publications/pers"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.5224609375,\n 63.52897054110277\n ],\n [\n -155.5224609375,\n 65.07213008560697\n ],\n [\n -150.99609375,\n 65.07213008560697\n ],\n [\n -150.99609375,\n 63.52897054110277\n ],\n [\n -155.5224609375,\n 63.52897054110277\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54fec43fe4b02419550debf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Talbot, Stephen S.","contributorId":73266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Stephen S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markon, Carl J. markon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl","email":"markon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176399,"text":"70176399 - 1986 - Seismic Computerized Alert Network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-12T14:36:40","indexId":"70176399","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic Computerized Alert Network","docAbstract":"In 1985 the USGS devised a model for a Seismic Computerized Alert Network (SCAN) that would use continuous monitoring of seismic data from existing types of instruments to provide automatic, highly-reliable early warnings of earthquake shaking. In a large earthquake, substantial damaging ground motions may occur at great distances from the earthquake's epicenter.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"1986, Seismic Computerized Alert Network: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 18, no. 4, p. 153-153.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"153","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":328529,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d7d1c5e4b090824ff98e3c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Spall, Henry","contributorId":77933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spall","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648602,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171186,"text":"70171186 - 1986 - Predictive models in hazard assessment of Great Lakes contaminants for fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T13:01:12","indexId":"70171186","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Predictive models in hazard assessment of Great Lakes contaminants for fish","docAbstract":"A hazard assessment scheme was developed and applied to predict potential harm to aquatic biota of nearly 500 organic compounds detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in Great Lakes fish. The frequency of occurrence and estimated concentrations of compounds found in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) were compared with available manufacturing and discharge information. Bioconcentration potential of the compounds was estimated from available data or from calculations of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). Investigators at the National Fisheries Research Center-Great Lakes also measured the acute toxicity (48-h EC50's) of 35 representative compounds to Daphnia pulex and compared the results with acute toxicity values generated by QSAR. The QSAR-derived toxicities for several chemicals underestimated the actual acute toxicity by one or more orders of magnitude. A multiple regression of log EC50 on log water solubility and molecular volume proved to be a useful predictive model. Additional models providing insight into toxicity incorporate solvatochromic parameters that measure dipolarity/polarizability, hydrogen bond acceptor basicity, and hydrogen bond donor acidity of the solute (toxicant).
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the technology transfer conference, part b: water quality research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Technology Transfer Conference","language":"English","publisher":"Ontario Ministry of the Environment","usgsCitation":"Passino, D.R., 1986, Predictive models in hazard assessment of Great Lakes contaminants for fish, in Proceedings of the technology transfer conference, part b: water quality research.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321639,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccc0e4b07e28b662dd0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Passino, Dora R. May","contributorId":23877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passino","given":"Dora","email":"","middleInitial":"R. May","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015083,"text":"70015083 - 1986 - MAPGEN CARTOGRAPHIC SYSTEM.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015083","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"MAPGEN CARTOGRAPHIC SYSTEM.","docAbstract":"MAPGEN is a software system that facilitates production of cartographic displays in the research and production environment. The system generates a set of metagraphic overlays of application-defined geographical information that can be aggregated in any combination for display without reprocessing the original data. An overview of the control files, available cartographic projections, graphic attributes, overlay generator and ancillary support programs, and the device-independent graphic subsystem are presented, along with examples of usage. System transportability and associated host hardware and operating system requirements are also addressed.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings - 1986 Working Symposium on Oceanographic Data Systems.","conferenceLocation":"La Jolla, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0818606568","usgsCitation":"Evenden, G.I., 1986, MAPGEN CARTOGRAPHIC SYSTEM., Proceedings - 1986 Working Symposium on Oceanographic Data Systems., La Jolla, CA, USA, p. 239-245.","startPage":"239","endPage":"245","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ab3e4b0c8380cd68f89","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Steiger Daniel","contributorId":128411,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Steiger Daniel","id":536299,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Evenden, Gerald I.","contributorId":22380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenden","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015638,"text":"70015638 - 1986 - Use of detrended correspondence analysis in evaluating factors controlling species composition of periphyton","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-01T10:44:49","indexId":"70015638","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Use of detrended correspondence analysis in evaluating factors controlling species composition of periphyton","docAbstract":"Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) was evaluated for its usefulness in elucidating relationships among samples and among species of periphyton in an oligotrophic stream, and for its effectiveness in displaying major gradients where an experimental gradient (copper) affecting species composition was imposed. It was highly sensitive to differences among samples and consistently provided ecologically meaningful species ordinations. Gradients related to seasonality of taxa and year-to-year differences in population densities were evident in DCA ordinations if data for all sampling dates were included, and these gradients complicated interpretation of the copper gradient. Stage of succession was a secondary gradient during exposure and complicated interpretation of the copper gradient after a major disturbance event (flooding).","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rationale for sampling and interpretation of biological data in the assessment of freshwater ecosystems ","language":"English","publisher":"ASTM","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","issn":"00660558","isbn":"0803104553","usgsCitation":"Leland, H.V., and Carter, J.L., 1986, Use of detrended correspondence analysis in evaluating factors controlling species composition of periphyton, chap. of Rationale for sampling and interpretation of biological data in the assessment of freshwater ecosystems , p. 101-117.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"117","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb7ee4b08c986b328665","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Isom Billy G.","contributorId":128338,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Isom Billy G.","id":536301,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Leland, Harry V.","contributorId":51158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leland","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, James L. 0000-0002-0104-9776 jlcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9776","contributorId":3278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"James","email":"jlcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":371421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014489,"text":"70014489 - 1986 - Preliminary measurements of leaf spectral reflectance in the 8-14 μm region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T17:27:37.780249","indexId":"70014489","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary measurements of leaf spectral reflectance in the 8-14 μm region","docAbstract":"Previous broad band measurements of the spectral reflectance of leaves indicate variations in spectral emissivity that, although small, might be detected with current airborne thermal infrared imaging systems. Preliminary high spectral resolution measurements of the spectral reflectance of leaves of four different species reported here show a different spectral response for each species. These data suggest that species discrimination using remote sensing data in the thermal infrared may be feasible, and raise the possibility that other factors that might affect leaf surface composition and spectral response, such as metal stress, might also be detected.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431168608948981","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Salisbury, J., 1986, Preliminary measurements of leaf spectral reflectance in the 8-14 μm region: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 7, no. 12, p. 1879-1886, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431168608948981.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1879","endPage":"1886","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225316,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8920e4b0c8380cd7dcbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salisbury, J.W.","contributorId":78352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salisbury","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014469,"text":"70014469 - 1986 - Regional method to assess offshore slope stability.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-01T11:05:57","indexId":"70014469","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2326,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional method to assess offshore slope stability.","docAbstract":"The slope stability of some offshore environments can be evaluated by using only conventional acoustic profiling and short-core sampling, followed by laboratory consolidation and strength testing. The test results are synthesized by using normalized-parameter techniques. The normalized data are then used to calculate the critical earthquake acceleration factors or the wave heights needed to initiate failure. These process-related parameters provide a quantitative measure of the relative stability for locations from which short cores were obtained. The method is most applicable to offshore environments of gentle relief and simple subsurface structure and is not considered a substitute for subsequent site-specific analysis. -from ASCE Publications Information","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1986)112:5(489)","usgsCitation":"Lee, H., and Edwards, B.D., 1986, Regional method to assess offshore slope stability.: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, v. 112, no. 5, p. 489-509, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1986)112:5(489).","startPage":"489","endPage":"509","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268624,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1986)112:5(489)"}],"volume":"112","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a53ae4b0e8fec6cdbda1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, H.J.","contributorId":96693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, B. D.","contributorId":27056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015165,"text":"70015165 - 1986 - Limitations in the use of commercial humic acids in water and soil research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T12:08:43","indexId":"70015165","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limitations in the use of commercial humic acids in water and soil research","docAbstract":"Seven samples of commercial \"humic acids\", purchased from five different suppliers, were studied, and their characteristics were compared with humic and fulvic acids isolated from streams, soils, peat, leonardite, and a dopplerite sample. Cross-polarization and magic-angle spinning 13C NMR spectroscopy clearly shows pronounced differences between the commercial materials and all other samples. Elemental and infrared spectroscopic data do not show such clear-cut differences but can be used as supportive evidence, with the 13C NMR data, to substantiate the above distinctions. As a result of these differences and due to the general lack of information relating to the source, method of isolation, or other pretreatment of the commercial materials, these commercial products are not considered to be appropriate for use as analogues of true soil and water humic substances, in experiments designed to evaluate the nature and reactivity of humic substances in natural waters and soils.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00151a009","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Malcolm, R., and MacCarthy, P., 1986, Limitations in the use of commercial humic acids in water and soil research: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 20, no. 9, p. 904-911, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00151a009.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"904","endPage":"911","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4788e4b0c8380cd678b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malcolm, Ronald L.","contributorId":46075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malcolm","given":"Ronald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacCarthy, P.","contributorId":88081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCarthy","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}