Surficial-sand aquifers in 960 square miles of central Minnesota have been studied to determine the occurrence, availability, and suitability of the surficial aquifer as a source of water. The aquifer is being increasingly developed for irrigation.
\nDuring the drought of 1976, nearly 24,000 acre-feet of ground water was withdrawn for irrigation, more than double that of the previous year. The number of irrigation pumping centers more than doubled from 1975 to 1977. Nearly all water is pumped from drift aquifers, except in the eastern parts of Sherburne and Wright Counties, where Paleozoic sandstone beds are a reliable source.
\nPhysical and hydrologic properties of the surficial aquifer were determined by test augering, pumping tests, and laboratory sieve analyses. The aquifer is predominantly medium to coarse sand with lesser amounts of gravel in much of the study area. The Sauk River valley in Stearns County is nearly 50 percent poorly sorted gravel of irregular thickness. Saturated thickness of sand in the Maine Prairie area locally exceeds 100 feet, and transmissivity exceeds 40,000 feet squared per day. Similar deposits in Sherburne County exceed 80 feet in thickness, transmissivity exceeds 30,000 feet squared per day, and wells theoretically could yield 2,000 to 3,000 gallons per minute. Theoretical well yields of less than 100 gallons per minute can be expected where saturated thickness is less than 20 feet and transmissivity is less than 5,000 feet squared per day. Pumping tests indicate horizontal to vertical ratios of hydraulic conductivity ranging from 2-27:1.
\nAverage annual precipitation is 27 inches, about 8 of which is recharge to the surficial aquifer. Regional ground-water movement is toward the Mississippi River, which transects the area. Tributary streams and lakes act as controls for local flow systems. At extreme low flow in August 1976, mainstem gains in streamflow in the Elk, St. Francis, Sauk, and Mississippi Rivers averaged 0.4, 0.4, 0.2, and 2.5 cubic feet per second per river mile, respectively.
\nGround water is of the calcium bicarbonate type and is suitable for most uses. Relatively high nitrate and chloride concentrations occur in a heavily irrigated area in Sherburne County.
\nSurficial aquifers in Sherburne County and the Maine Prairie area of Stearns County were simulated by two-dimensional digital ground-water-flow models. Calibration was achieved by matching calculated water-table heads and streamflow gains with observed field values. Aquifer responses to pumping stresses under present and hypothetically expanded development were determined for average and below average recharge conditions.
\nIrrigation withdrawals for 1977 totaling 15.6 cubic feet per second from 96 pumping centers were included in the Sherburne steady-state model. Increasing withdrawals to 52.2 cubic feet per second from 153 pumping centers would lower regional water levels as much as 8 feet within a few years at normal recharge rates.
\nIrrigation withdrawals in 1977, totaling 2.0 cubic feet per second from 19 pumping centers, were included in the Maine Prairie steady-state model. Increasing withdrawals to 10.8 cubic feet per second from 42 pumping centers would lower regional water levels as much as 18 feet at normal recharge rates.
\nBoth modeled areas will support additional withdrawals, but caution must be exercised because lowering ground-water levels will also lower lake levels and reduce streamflow. In some areas, aquifer dewatering will reduce individual well yields.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr801285","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Central Minnesota Regional Development Commission, Benton Sherburne, Stearns, and Wright County Boards","usgsCitation":"Lindholm, G.F., 1980, Ground-water appraisal of sand plains in Benton, Sherburne, Stearns, and Wright counties, central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1285, Document: viii, 103 p.; 4 Plates: 42.96 x 32.35 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801285.","productDescription":"Document: viii, 103 p.; 4 Plates: 42.96 x 32.35 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":37882,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1285/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1285/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37883,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1285/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37884,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1285/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37885,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1285/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37881,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1285/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Benton County, Sherburne County, Stearns County, Wright County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-93.7641,45.8202],[-93.7598,45.5604],[-93.5106,45.5598],[-93.5093,45.4163],[-93.5138,45.2454],[-93.5158,45.2458],[-93.5197,45.2417],[-93.5242,45.2385],[-93.5332,45.2317],[-93.5371,45.2294],[-93.5462,45.2289],[-93.554,45.2298],[-93.5617,45.2289],[-93.5676,45.2225],[-93.5734,45.2202],[-93.5792,45.2189],[-93.5857,45.2189],[-93.5967,45.2134],[-93.6031,45.2111],[-93.6096,45.2111],[-93.6167,45.2115],[-93.6258,45.2092],[-93.6297,45.2074],[-93.6329,45.2056],[-93.6361,45.206],[-93.6387,45.2074],[-93.6471,45.2079],[-93.6562,45.201],[-93.6555,45.1969],[-93.6549,45.1905],[-93.6516,45.1841],[-93.6503,45.169],[-93.6529,45.1631],[-93.6554,45.1599],[-93.6574,45.1585],[-93.6716,45.1562],[-93.6793,45.1525],[-93.6852,45.1489],[-93.6929,45.1434],[-93.7019,45.1374],[-93.7155,45.1269],[-93.72,45.1205],[-93.7225,45.11],[-93.7257,45.1022],[-93.7322,45.0963],[-93.7341,45.0922],[-93.7399,45.0894],[-93.7534,45.0853],[-93.7631,45.0839],[-93.7663,45.077],[-93.7702,45.0734],[-93.7692,44.9789],[-94.0117,44.9796],[-94.2548,44.9812],[-94.2544,45.2268],[-94.2602,45.2268],[-94.2614,45.2784],[-94.2615,45.2844],[-94.382,45.2836],[-94.3819,45.327],[-94.7612,45.3272],[-94.7635,45.414],[-95.1322,45.4128],[-95.1319,45.5856],[-95.1384,45.5864],[-95.1388,45.7602],[-95.1398,45.7744],[-94.6438,45.7758],[-94.2782,45.777],[-94.2802,45.778],[-94.2841,45.7793],[-94.2894,45.7806],[-94.2972,45.7829],[-94.3018,45.7838],[-94.3051,45.7865],[-94.3077,45.7888],[-94.3091,45.792],[-94.3105,45.7965],[-94.3118,45.7983],[-94.3144,45.7992],[-94.3183,45.7997],[-94.3235,45.7992],[-94.3262,45.8001],[-94.3295,45.8014],[-94.3328,45.8042],[-94.338,45.8078],[-94.3426,45.811],[-94.3466,45.8141],[-94.3499,45.8173],[-94.3513,45.8228],[-94.0515,45.8262],[-93.9254,45.8216],[-93.7641,45.8202]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Benton\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d3ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindholm, Gerald F.","contributorId":18374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindholm","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5913,"text":"pp1164 - 1980 - Effects of coal mine subsidence in the Sheridan, Wyoming, area","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8650,"text":"ofr78473 - 1978 - Effects of coal mine subsidence in the western Powder River basin, Wyoming","indexId":"ofr78473","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of coal mine subsidence in the western Powder River basin, Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5913,"text":"pp1164 - 1980 - Effects of coal mine subsidence in the Sheridan, Wyoming, area","indexId":"pp1164","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of coal mine subsidence in the Sheridan, Wyoming, area"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:41","indexId":"pp1164","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1164","title":"Effects of coal mine subsidence in the Sheridan, Wyoming, area","docAbstract":"Analyses of the surface effects of past underground coal mining in the Sheridan, Wyoming, area suggest that underground mining of strippable coal deposits may damage the environment more over long periods of time than would modern surface mining, provided proper restoration procedures are followed after surface mining. Subsidence depressions and pits are a continuing hazard to the environment and to man's activities in the Sheridan, Wyo., area above abandoned underground mines in weak overburden less than about 60 m thick and where the overburden is less than about 10-15 times the thickness of coal mined. In addition, fires commonly start by spontaneous ignition when water and air enter the abandoned mine workings via subsidence cracks and pits. The fires can then spread to unmined coal as they create more cavities, more subsidence, and more cracks and pits through which air can circulate. \r\n\r\nIn modern surface mining operations the total land surface underlain by minable coal is removed to expose the coal. The coal is removed, the overburden and topsoil are replaced, and the land is regraded and revegetated. The land, although disturbed, can be more easily restored and put back into use than can land underlain by abandoned underground mine workings in areas where the overburden is less than about 60 m thick or less than about 10-15 times the thickness of coal mined. The resource recovery of modern surface mining commonly is much greater than that of underground mining procedures. Although present-day underground mining technology is advanced as compared to that of 25-80 years ago, subsidence resulting from underground mining of thick coal beds beneath overburden less than about 60 m thick can still cause greater damage to surface drainage, ground water, and vegetation than can properly designed surface mining operations. \r\n\r\nThis report discusses (11 the geology and surface and underground effects of former large-scale underground coal mining in a 50-km 2 area 5-20 km north of Sheridan, Wyo., (2) a ground and aerial reconnaissance study of a 5-km^2 coal mining area 8-10 km west of Sheridan, and (31 some environmental consequences and problems caused by coal mining.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1164","usgsCitation":"Dunrud, C., and Osterwald, F.W., 1980, Effects of coal mine subsidence in the Sheridan, Wyoming, area: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1164, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1164.","productDescription":"49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1164/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32798,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1164/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615ca8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunrud, C. Richard","contributorId":48964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunrud","given":"C. Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osterwald, Frank W.","contributorId":98301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterwald","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5940,"text":"pp1084 - 1980 - Sporomorphs from the Jackson Group (upper Eocene) and adjacent strata of Mississippi and western Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:42","indexId":"pp1084","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1084","title":"Sporomorphs from the Jackson Group (upper Eocene) and adjacent strata of Mississippi and western Alabama","docAbstract":"This palynological study is based on 71 outcrop and core samples of the Jackson Group and adjacent strata from the type area of the group in western Mississippi and also from eastern Mississippi and western Alabama. The Jackson Group consists entirely of marine strata in the region of study. It includes the fossiliferous greensands of the Moodys Branch Formation at the base and the calcareous Yazoo Clay at the top. \r\n\r\nOne hundred seventy-four sporomorph (spore and pollen) types are known from the Jackson Group and adjacent strata in the area of study; all but four of them were observed by the writer. The 174 types are assigned to 74 form genera, 37 modern genera, and 25 new species. \r\n\r\nEleven species of pollen grains appear to have accurately determined restricted stratigraphic ranges within the sequence studied. Parsonsidites conspicuus Frederiksen and Ericipites aff. E. ericius (Potonie) Potonie have first occurrences (range bottoms) at the base of the Jackson Group. Aglaoreidia pristina Fowler has its first occurrence near the top of the Jackson. Eight species have last occurrences at or just below the top of the Jackson Group. These are Casuarinidites cf. C. granilabratus (Stanley) Srivastava, Chrysophyllum brevisulcatum (Frederiksen) n. comb., Cupanieidites orthoteichus Cookson and Pike, Symplocos gemroota n. sp., Nudopollis terminalis (Pflug and Thomson) Elsik, Sabal cf. S. granopollenites Rouse, Caprifoliipites tantulus n. sp., and Nypa echinata (Muller) n. comb. \r\n\r\nFrom the upper part of the Claiborne Group up through most of the Jackson, the dominant sporomorph types are Cupuliferdipollenites spp., Momipites coryloides Wodehouse, Cupuliferoidaepollenites liblarensis (Thomson) Potonie, Momipites micTofoveolatus (Stanley) Nichols, Quercoidites microhenricii (Potonie) Potonie, and Araliaceoipollenites granulatus (Potonie) n. comb. All these were probably produced by trees of the Juglandaceae and Fagaceae. Relative frequencies of each of these pollen types fluctuate little within the interval from the upper part of the Claiborne to near the top of the Jackson. Near the top of the Jackson Group, there is a rapid rise to dominance or near dominance of the sporomorph assemblages by Quercoidites inamoenus (Takahashi) n. comb. (Fagaceae, Dryophyllum or Quercus). This remains the dominant sporomorph species through the lower part of the Vicksburg Group. \r\n\r\nOn the basis of these range and relative-frequency data for spores and pollen grains, the Jackson Group is divided into two zones. Zone I includes the upper part of the Claiborne Group and all but the uppermost part of the Jackson Group; zone II includes the uppermost part of the Yazoo Clay and extends into the overlying Vicksburg Group. The two zones and the boundary between them can be traced from western Mississippi to western Alabama. Sporomorph data support evidence from physical stratigraphy and from other fossils that only a minor disconformity is present between the Claiborne and Jackson Groups in this region. In western Mississippi, the zone I-zone II boundary is below the minor disconformity separating the open marine Yazoo Clay from the uppermost lagoonal part of that formation. Sporomorph data agree with faunal evidence that no unconformity is between the Jack son and Vicksburg Groups in eastern Mississippi. No sporomorph-bearing samples were available from the uppermost part of the Yazoo Clay at Little Stave Creek in western Alabama; however, samples from above and below the uppermost part of the Yazoo show that the zone I-zone II boundary either coincides with, or is slightly below, the unconformity separating the Jackson and Vicksburg Groups there. \r\n\r\nThe information on sporomorph ranges and relative frequencies suggests that the flora and the vegetation of southeastern North America changed little from late middle Eocene time until almost the end of the late Eocene. Then, perhaps because of a change in climate, some species disappeared from the regional f","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1084","usgsCitation":"Frederiksen, N.O., 1980, Sporomorphs from the Jackson Group (upper Eocene) and adjacent strata of Mississippi and western Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1084, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1084.","productDescription":"75 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121022,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1084/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32821,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1084/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bd1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frederiksen, Norman O.","contributorId":50880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederiksen","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5957,"text":"pp1116 - 1980 - Geochemical-exploration studies in the Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho and Montana","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9192,"text":"ofr77216 - 1977 - Geochemical exploration studies in the Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho","indexId":"ofr77216","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemical exploration studies in the Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5957,"text":"pp1116 - 1980 - Geochemical-exploration studies in the Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho and Montana","indexId":"pp1116","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemical-exploration studies in the Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho and Montana"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T21:12:31.338469","indexId":"pp1116","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1116","title":"Geochemical-exploration studies in the Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho and Montana","docAbstract":"The principal ore deposits in the Coeur d'Alene district are lead-zinc-silver replacement veins in Precambrian rocks of the Belt Supergroup. The main ore minerals are galena, tetrahedrite, and sphalerite. The host rocks are mainly quartzite, siltite, and argillite. Cretaceous quartz monzonite locally intrudes the Beltrocks. \r\n\r\nThe geochemical investigations reported here were carried out to determine if geochemical methods would be useful in the search for concealed ore deposits. About 8,700 soil samples and 4,000 rock samples were collected from a 300-square-mile (780 square kilometer) area for this study. The samples were analyzed for 35 elements. \r\n\r\nAntimony, silver, lead, manganese, and copper form dispersion patterns and halos that are related to many of the ore deposits within the district, and these same elements were found to be most useful in delineating the known mineral belts that contain most of the orebodies. The dispersion patterns are probably primary, having only minor modifications due to secondary redistribution of the ore-forming elements. \r\n\r\nThe mineral belts and geochemical-dispersion patterns have been laterally offset, perhaps as much as 16 miles (26 km), by postore faulting. Prefault dispersion patterns can be restored by adjusting the geochemical maps along the postore faults to match the dispersion patterns across the fault trace. The reconstructed dispersion patterns of antimony, arsenic, lead, sulfur, and the ratio of cadmium to zinc form concentric halos around the restored position of the Gem stocks. Most of the Coeur d'Alene ore has been mined from this halo. It appears that the geochemical exploration methods reported here successfully delineate the major mineral belts and indicate unexplored areas in which to search for new deposits.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1116","usgsCitation":"Gott, G.B., and Cathrall, J.B., 1980, Geochemical-exploration studies in the Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1116, Report: iv, 63 p.; 9 Plates: 41.00 × 39.50 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1116.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 63 p.; 9 Plates: 41.00 × 39.50 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":32852,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1116/plate-9.pdf","text":"Plate 7-3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32851,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1116/plate-8.pdf","text":"Plate 7-2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32850,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1116/plate-7.pdf","text":"Plate 7-1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1116/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32845,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1116/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":104554,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4723.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4723"},{"id":32853,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1116/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32849,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1116/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32844,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1116/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32848,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1116/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32847,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1116/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32846,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1116/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Coeur d'Alene district","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.2792,\n 47.35\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 47.35\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 47.5833\n ],\n [\n -116.2792,\n 47.5833\n ],\n [\n -116.2792,\n 47.35\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab7f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gott, Garland Bayard","contributorId":6420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gott","given":"Garland","email":"","middleInitial":"Bayard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cathrall, John B.","contributorId":26668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cathrall","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9758,"text":"ofr801158 - 1980 - Program MQLVEMCPL; Marquardt inversion of electromagnetic coupling data for a layered halfspace model with complex conductivities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:10","indexId":"ofr801158","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1158","title":"Program MQLVEMCPL; Marquardt inversion of electromagnetic coupling data for a layered halfspace model with complex conductivities","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr801158","usgsCitation":"Kauahikaua, J.P., and Anderson, W.L., 1980, Program MQLVEMCPL; Marquardt inversion of electromagnetic coupling data for a layered halfspace model with complex conductivities: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1158, 86 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801158.","productDescription":"86 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1158/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37506,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1158/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e16c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauahikaua, James P. 0000-0003-3777-503X jimk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-503X","contributorId":2146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"James","email":"jimk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":160243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Walter L.","contributorId":99133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6059,"text":"pp1122 - 1980 - Thermal modeling of flow in the San Diego Aqueduct, California, and its relation to evaporation","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9683,"text":"ofr781026 - 1978 - Thermal modeling of flow of the San Diego Aqueduct, California, and its relation to evaporation","indexId":"ofr781026","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Thermal modeling of flow of the San Diego Aqueduct, California, and its relation to evaporation"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6059,"text":"pp1122 - 1980 - Thermal modeling of flow in the San Diego Aqueduct, California, and its relation to evaporation","indexId":"pp1122","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Thermal modeling of flow in the San Diego Aqueduct, California, and its relation to evaporation"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:57","indexId":"pp1122","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1122","title":"Thermal modeling of flow in the San Diego Aqueduct, California, and its relation to evaporation","docAbstract":"The thermal balance of the 26-kilometer long concrete-lined San Diego Aqueduct, a canal in southern California, was studied to determine the coefficients in a Dalton type evaporation formula. Meteorologic and hydraulic variables, as well as water temperature, were monitored continuously for a 1-year period. A thermal model was calibrated by use of data obtained during a 28-day period to determine the coefficients which best described the thermal balance of the canal. The coefficients applicable to the San Diego Aqueduct are similar to those commonly obtained from lake evaporation studies except that a greater evaporation at low windspeeds is indicated. The model was verified by use of data obtained during 113 days which did not include the calibration data. These data verified that the derived wind function realistically represents the canal evaporation. An annual evaporation of 2.08 meters was computed which is about 91 percent of the amount of water evaporated annually from nearby class A evaporation pans. (Kosco-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1122","usgsCitation":"Jobson, H.E., 1980, Thermal modeling of flow in the San Diego Aqueduct, California, and its relation to evaporation: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1122, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1122.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1122/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33059,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1122/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62dd3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jobson, Harvey E.","contributorId":27032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18574,"text":"ofr80156 - 1980 - A one-dimensional, steady-state, dissolved-oxygen model and waste-load assimilation study for Duck Creek, Madison, Tipton, and Hamilton counties, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T23:01:48","indexId":"ofr80156","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-156","title":"A one-dimensional, steady-state, dissolved-oxygen model and waste-load assimilation study for Duck Creek, Madison, Tipton, and Hamilton counties, Indiana","docAbstract":"The Indiana State Board of Health is developing a State water-quality plan that includes establishing limits for wastewater effluents discharged into Indiana streams. A digital model calibrated to conditions in Duck Creek was used to develop alternatives for future waste loadings that would be compatible with Indiana stream water-quality standards defined for two critical hydrologic conditions, summer and winter low flows. The major point-source waste load affecting Duck Creek is the Elwood wastewater-treatment facility. Natural streamflow during the low flow is zero, so no benefit from dilution is provided. Natural reaeration at the low-flow condition (approximately 3 cubic feet per second), also low, is estimated to be less than 1 per day (base e at 20 Celsius). Consequently, the wasteload assimilative capacity of the stream is low. Effluent ammonia-nitrogen concentrations, projected by the Indiana State Board of Health, will result in stream ammonia-nitrogen concentrations that exceed the State ammonia-nitrogen toxicity standards (2.5 milligrams per liter from April to October and 4.0 milligrams per liter from November through March). The projected effluent ammonia-nitrogen load will also result in the present Indiana stream dissolved-oxygen standard (5.0 milligrams per liter) not being met. Benthic-oxygen demand may also affect stream water quality. During the summer low-flow, a benthic-oxygen demand of only 0.6 gram per square meter per day would utilize all the streams 's available assimilative capacity. (USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr80156","usgsCitation":"Crawford, C.G., Wilber, W.G., and Peters, J.G., 1980, A one-dimensional, steady-state, dissolved-oxygen model and waste-load assimilation study for Duck Creek, Madison, Tipton, and Hamilton counties, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-156, viii, 89 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80156.","productDescription":"viii, 89 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":152015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Hamilton, Madison, Tipton","otherGeospatial":"Duck Creek","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.8624,39.9436],[-85.8625,39.9286],[-85.9369,39.9272],[-85.9411,39.9272],[-85.9801,39.9269],[-86.2385,39.9259],[-86.239,39.9549],[-86.2417,40.0419],[-86.242,40.1304],[-86.2424,40.1807],[-86.2435,40.2152],[-86.242,40.3013],[-86.2423,40.3734],[-86.2429,40.3884],[-86.2422,40.4029],[-85.8624,40.407],[-85.8621,40.3784],[-85.5784,40.3794],[-85.5763,40.0769],[-85.5774,39.9459],[-85.8624,39.9436]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Hamilton\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6ab8f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":179363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilber, William G. wgwilber@usgs.gov","contributorId":297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilber","given":"William","email":"wgwilber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":179362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peters, James G.","contributorId":69137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":18575,"text":"ofr8075 - 1980 - A one-dimensional, steady-state, dissolved-oxygen model and waste-load assimilation study for Wabash River, Huntington County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-06T18:12:59.992829","indexId":"ofr8075","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-75","title":"A one-dimensional, steady-state, dissolved-oxygen model and waste-load assimilation study for Wabash River, Huntington County, Indiana","docAbstract":"The Indiana State Board of Health is developing a State water-quality management plan that includes establishing limits for wastewater effluents discharged into Indiana streams. A digital model calibrated to conditions in the Wabash River in Huntington County, Ind., was used to predict alternatives for future waste loadings that would be compatible with Indiana stream water-quality standards defined for two critical hydrologic conditions, summer and winter low flows.
The major point-source waste load affecting the Wabash River in Huntington County is the Huntington wastewater-treatment facility.
The most significant factor potentially affecting the dissolved-oxygen concentration during summer low flows is nitrification. However, nitrification should not be a limiting factor on the allowable nitrogenous and carbonaceous waste loads for the Huntington wastewater-treatment facility during summer low flows if the ammonia-nitrogen toxicity standard for Indiana streams is met.
This wasteload assimilation study is not based on a verified model. The changes in stream water quality predicted by the model represent only possible stream response to different effluent conditions.
The dissolved-oxygen standard for Indiana streams, an average of 5.0 milligrams per liter, should be met during summer and winter Zow flows if the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System's 5-day, carbonaceous biochemical-oxygen demands of a monthly average concentration of 30 milligrams per liter and a maximum weekly average of 45 milligrams per liter are not exceeded.
Work in the Seismology Branch on the problem of earthquake prediction is based primarily on the recording and analysis of seismic (elastic) waves in the Earth generated either by earthquakes themselves or by artificial sources such as quarry blasts or explosions detonated in drill holes. At the present time this work is still very much a research effort focused largely on earthquake occurrence within the San Andreas fault system and related faults in California. Major aspects of this research include 1) studies of the spatial-temporal patterns of earthquake occurrence as a basis for recognizing distinctive sequences of events that may precede moderate-to-large earthquakes, 2) studies of Earth structure as a basis for the accurate location of earthquake hypocenters and understanding the physical properties and state of active fault zones, and 3) studies of the earthquake source mechanisms as a basis for recognizing possible variations in stress-drop, rupture direction, and so on that may precede moderate-to-large earthquakes.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db6121cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, David P. hill@usgs.gov","contributorId":2600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"David","email":"hill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":159773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11063,"text":"ofr801188 - 1980 - Interim report on the investigation of flooding in the Tug Fork basin of Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-26T21:30:35.597498","indexId":"ofr801188","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1188","title":"Interim report on the investigation of flooding in the Tug Fork basin of Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia","docAbstract":"An analytical plan is presented for a study of the effects of land-use changes on the magnitude and frequency of flood-peak flows and on sediment characteristics of the Tug Fork in Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia. The plan includes compilation and analysis of available data, collection of new data on small, single land-use drainage areas for deterministic computer modeling, and creation of a computer model of the Tug Fork basin for definition of cumulative land-use impacts.
Also presented is a compilation of the available hydrologic data and a description of related studies expected to provide information and data useful to the ongoing work. The data compilation includes: Hourly precipitation for selected days and annual maximum daily precipitation for nine sites, annual maximum streamflow rates and stages for three stream-gaging sites, hourly gageheight and discharge rates for selected storms at four stream-gaging sites, flood profiles, flood-frequency relations, and other streamflow information.
The magnitude 5.2 (mb) northern Kentucky earthquake of July 27, 1980, at 18:52:21.8 UTC, located at 38.17N, 83.91W with a depth of 8 km (as determined by the National Earthquake Information Service), was particularly notable for the widespread damage it did, especially to older chimneys. Investigators from several different organizations were in the field shortly after the earthquake recording aftershocks and checking intensities. The data from postal intensity surveys and field personnel are still coming in, and it will be some time before it is all evaluated and analyzed. This preliminary list of the results of our own field investigations is being produced now in order that the information we gathered may be combined with that of other researchers for analysis.
Our investigation, conducted from July 28 to August 3, was designed to delineate the areal distribution of the intensities and to document the amount and type of damage in the epicentral region. Tentative intensities have been assigned to these reports and they have been plotted in figure 1. However, as more information becomes available from other investigators, some of these values may be changed and other locations may be added. Therefore no attempt has been made to contour the data. A maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of VII was assigned to Maysville, Ky., approximately 50 km north of the epicenter, based on the concentrated chimney and other types of building damage there. Elsewhere, similar but scattered chimney damage has been assigned intensity VI.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr801242","usgsCitation":"Hopper, M.G., and Reagor, B.G., 1980, Field survey of intensity for the earthquake of July 27, 1980, Sharpsburg, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1242, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801242.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":426085,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1242/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142904,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1242/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","city":"Sharpsburg","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.94432382381211,\n 38.212285759691355\n ],\n [\n -83.94432382381211,\n 38.19556213355173\n ],\n [\n -83.91274325321169,\n 38.19556213355173\n ],\n [\n -83.91274325321169,\n 38.212285759691355\n ],\n [\n -83.94432382381211,\n 38.212285759691355\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5453","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hopper, Margaret G. hopper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopper","given":"Margaret","email":"hopper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":159941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reagor, B. Glen","contributorId":27038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reagor","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Glen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9745,"text":"ofr80160 - 1980 - Sediment transport model for the East Fork of the Carson River, Carson Valley, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T12:31:12","indexId":"ofr80160","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-160","title":"Sediment transport model for the East Fork of the Carson River, Carson Valley, Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr80160","usgsCitation":"Katzer, T., and Bennett, J.P., 1980, Sediment transport model for the East Fork of the Carson River, Carson Valley, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-160, 40 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80160.","productDescription":"40 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":366727,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0160/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0160/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Douglas County","otherGeospatial":"Carson Valley","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-119.5461,39.0859],[-119.5272,39.0858],[-119.316,39.0841],[-119.3155,38.9902],[-119.3356,38.9895],[-119.3366,38.9818],[-119.349,38.9816],[-119.4023,38.9826],[-119.4022,38.9558],[-119.4176,38.9547],[-119.4182,38.9098],[-119.4192,38.8817],[-119.4381,38.8823],[-119.4374,38.8533],[-119.419,38.8531],[-119.4192,38.835],[-119.4193,38.8164],[-119.4122,38.8165],[-119.4126,38.8093],[-119.4019,38.8099],[-119.4013,38.7863],[-119.4026,38.7654],[-119.4085,38.7658],[-119.4077,38.7354],[-119.4075,38.73],[-119.3887,38.7303],[-119.3888,38.7348],[-119.3788,38.735],[-119.3611,38.7352],[-119.3505,38.7354],[-119.3502,38.7263],[-119.349,38.6788],[-119.349,38.6769],[-119.3488,38.6466],[-119.3299,38.6469],[-119.3306,38.5364],[-119.4492,38.6196],[-119.4543,38.6231],[-119.5498,38.6895],[-119.5523,38.6912],[-119.5771,38.7084],[-119.5977,38.7226],[-119.6088,38.7303],[-119.6166,38.7357],[-119.678,38.7781],[-119.7033,38.7953],[-119.7285,38.8132],[-119.743,38.8235],[-119.752,38.8297],[-119.7873,38.8541],[-119.7899,38.8554],[-119.8223,38.8775],[-119.8261,38.8802],[-119.8471,38.8948],[-119.9025,38.9332],[-119.9151,38.942],[-119.9194,38.945],[-119.9508,38.9664],[-120.0009,39.0005],[-120.0023,39.0677],[-120.0031,39.1116],[-119.949,39.1122],[-119.9419,39.1123],[-119.8974,39.1123],[-119.8631,39.1129],[-119.8358,39.113],[-119.7611,39.1144],[-119.7612,39.099],[-119.7517,39.0987],[-119.7525,39.0851],[-119.6232,39.086],[-119.6042,39.0859],[-119.5657,39.0861],[-119.5461,39.0859]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Douglas\",\"state\":\"NV\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbea3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katzer, Terry","contributorId":103679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzer","given":"Terry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, J. P.","contributorId":52103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":21846,"text":"ofr80799 - 1980 - Grade and tonnage data used to construct models for the Regional Alaskan Mineral Resources Assessment Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:42","indexId":"ofr80799","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-799","title":"Grade and tonnage data used to construct models for the Regional Alaskan Mineral Resources Assessment Program","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr80799","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Singer, D., Menzie, W., DeYoung, J., Sander, M., and Lott, A., 1980, Grade and tonnage data used to construct models for the Regional Alaskan Mineral Resources Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-799, 59 p. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80799.","productDescription":"59 p. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0799/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51330,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0799/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a49df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, D.A.","contributorId":69128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menzie, W. D.","contributorId":52916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"W. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeYoung, J.H. Jr.","contributorId":86367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeYoung","given":"J.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sander, M.","contributorId":74773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sander","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lott, A.","contributorId":107721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lott","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":20901,"text":"ofr801194 - 1980 - Rapid and precise determination of ATP using a modified photometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-29T09:49:44","indexId":"ofr801194","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1194","title":"Rapid and precise determination of ATP using a modified photometer","docAbstract":"An inexpensive delay timer was designed to modify a commercially available ATP photometer which allows a disposable tip pipette to be used for injecting either enzyme or sample into the reaction cuvette. The disposable tip pipette is as precise and accurate as a fixed-needle syringe but eliminates the problem of sample contamination and decreases analytical time. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr801194","usgsCitation":"Shultz, D.J., and Stephens, D.W., 1980, Rapid and precise determination of ATP using a modified photometer: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1194, iii, 10 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801194.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":367068,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1194/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1194/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649459","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shultz, David J.","contributorId":35324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shultz","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, Doyle W.","contributorId":40195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Doyle","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10688,"text":"ofr8073 - 1980 - A one-dimensional, steady-state, dissolved-oxygen model and waste-load assimilation study for Little Lick and Big Lick Creeks, Blackford and Delaware counties, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-06T17:48:51.326652","indexId":"ofr8073","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-73","title":"A one-dimensional, steady-state, dissolved-oxygen model and waste-load assimilation study for Little Lick and Big Lick Creeks, Blackford and Delaware counties, Indiana","docAbstract":"The Indiana State Board of Health is developing a State water-quality management plan that includes establishing limits for liquid wastes discharged into Indiana streams. A digital computer model was used to predict alternatives for future waste loadings on Little Lick and Big Lick Creeks that would be compatible with Indiana stream water-quality standards defined for two critical hydrologic conditions, summer and winter low flows.
The model parameters included atmospheric reaeration, carbonaceous and nitrogenous biochemical-oxygen demand, and benthic-oxygen demand. The model was calibrated with data collected during three water-quality surveys at low flow. Verification of the model was not possible owing to varied effluent discharge during sampling. During these surveys, in-stream dissolved-oxygen concentration averaged less than 3 milligrams per liter, well below the State minimum requirement of 5.0 milligrams per liter. The model indicated that these low concentrations were caused by high waste loadings, lack of dilution, low reaeration, and benthic-oxygen demand.
The hypothetical summer waste-assimilation study assumed that future reductions in discharge Loadings would decrease carbonaceous and benthic decay and increase nitrogenous decay. This hypothetical study indicated that projected effluent waste loads that would provide acceptable in-stream dis-solved-oxygen concentrations are highly dependent on rates of nitrification. Ammonia toxicity became the limiting water-quality criterion at low nitrification rates.
The hypothetical winter waste-assimilation study indicated that projected dissolved-oxygen concentrations in Little Lick and Big Lick Creeks did not fall below the State standard. Owing to a lack of dilution, however, ammonia-nitrogen concentrations would violate in-stream toxicity standards in both Little Lick and Big Lick Creeks. In order to quantify the results of the waste-assimilation study, it would be necessary to collect additional stream data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8073","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana State Board of Health","usgsCitation":"Peters, J.G., Crawford, C.G., and Wilber, W.G., 1980, A one-dimensional, steady-state, dissolved-oxygen model and waste-load assimilation study for Little Lick and Big Lick Creeks, Blackford and Delaware counties, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-73, ix, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8073.","productDescription":"ix, 102 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":144253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0073/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":398235,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0073/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Blackford County, Delaware County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.4453,40.567],[-85.3327,40.5674],[-85.2208,40.5677],[-85.2008,40.5679],[-85.2012,40.4804],[-85.2066,40.4804],[-85.2073,40.3789],[-85.2091,40.3793],[-85.2205,40.379],[-85.2182,40.3073],[-85.2168,40.2198],[-85.2165,40.135],[-85.2157,40.0765],[-85.5763,40.0769],[-85.5784,40.3794],[-85.4451,40.3792],[-85.4448,40.3933],[-85.4454,40.4799],[-85.4453,40.567]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Blackford\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6ab901","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, James G.","contributorId":69137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":161802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilber, William G. wgwilber@usgs.gov","contributorId":297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilber","given":"William","email":"wgwilber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":161801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10514,"text":"ofr80298 - 1980 - A topology of mineralization and its meaning for prospecting","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10514,"text":"ofr80298 - 1980 - A topology of mineralization and its meaning for prospecting","indexId":"ofr80298","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"A topology of mineralization and its meaning for prospecting"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043184,"text":"70043184 - 1982 - A topology of mineralization and its meaning for prospecting","indexId":"70043184","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"A topology of mineralization and its meaning for prospecting"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70043184,"text":"70043184 - 1982 - A topology of mineralization and its meaning for prospecting","indexId":"70043184","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"A topology of mineralization and its meaning for prospecting"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-25T19:51:34.986552","indexId":"ofr80298","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-298","title":"A topology of mineralization and its meaning for prospecting","docAbstract":"Epigenetic mineral deposits are universal members of an orderly spatial-temporal arrangement of igneous rocks, endomorphic rocks, and hydrothermally altered rocks. The association and sequence of these rocks is invariant whereas the metric relations and configurations of the properties of these rocks are unlimited in variety. This characterization satisfies the doctrines of topology. Metric relations are statistical, and their modes are among the better guides to optimal areas for exploration. Metric configurations are graphically irregular and unpredictable mathematical surfaces like mountain topography. Each mineral edifice must be mapped to locate its mineral deposits. All measurements and observations are only positive or neutral for the occurrence of a mineral deposit. Effective prospecting is based on an increasing density of positive data with proximity to the mineral deposit. This means sampling for maximal numbers of positive data, pragmatically the highest ore-element assays at each site, by selecting rock showing maximal development of lode attributes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80298","usgsCitation":"Neuerburg, G.J., 1980, A topology of mineralization and its meaning for prospecting: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-298, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80298.","productDescription":"21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408721,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0298/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0298/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a55c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuerburg, George Joseph","contributorId":107702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuerburg","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":7032,"text":"ofr80504 - 1980 - A catalogue of drill core recovered from Kilauea Iki lava lake, from 1967 to 1979","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":7032,"text":"ofr80504 - 1980 - A catalogue of drill core recovered from Kilauea Iki lava lake, from 1967 to 1979","indexId":"ofr80504","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"A catalogue of drill core recovered from Kilauea Iki lava lake, from 1967 to 1979"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":16945,"text":"ofr84484 - 1984 - A Catalogue of drill core recovered from Kilauea Iki lava lake from 1967 to 1979","indexId":"ofr84484","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"A Catalogue of drill core recovered from Kilauea Iki lava lake from 1967 to 1979"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":16945,"text":"ofr84484 - 1984 - A Catalogue of drill core recovered from Kilauea Iki lava lake from 1967 to 1979","indexId":"ofr84484","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"A Catalogue of drill core recovered from Kilauea Iki lava lake from 1967 to 1979"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-25T19:43:35.816708","indexId":"ofr80504","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-504","title":"A catalogue of drill core recovered from Kilauea Iki lava lake, from 1967 to 1979","docAbstract":"A method is presented for estimating flood magnitudes for natural drainage basins without urban development or regulated flow. The method was developed by multiple-regression techniques and applies to floods with recurrence intervals from 2 to 100 years.
The State is divided into three regions, and sets of equations for calculating peak discharges based on physical basin characteristics are provided for each region. In the northern region, flood-peak discharges are related to drainage area, forest cover, and 2-year 24-hour rainfall. In the southern region, flood peaks are related to drainage area alone. In the eastern region, peaks are related to drainage area, slope, storage, forest cover, and two composite soil categories. Standard errors of estimate for the regression equations in the northern region range from 38 to 49 percent. For the southern region, the standard errors of estimate vary from 52 to 86 percent, and for the eastern region they vary from 37 to 40 percent.
Maximum observed flood peaks, basin characteristics, and flood-frequency characteristics are tabulated for 234 gaged sites in Maryland and nearby in surrounding states. At 39 of these sites, a rainfall-runoff model was used to obtain synthetic flood-frequency data. These data were combined with observed flood-frequency data to determine the final flood-frequency distributions.