Intensive study in an area of 12-square miles near Marienthal, Kansas, has shown a decrease of 30 to 50 percent in saturated thickness of the Ogallala Formation since the development of irrigation. Projections from a digital model indicated the additional water-level declines that might occur from 1978 to 1989 if the pumpage in the model area was assumed to be one-half, equal to, or double the 1977 rate. The additional declines would range from 5 to 15 feet, 15 to 30 feet, and 25 to 40 feet, respectively. If pumpage only in the intensive-study area were assumed to be one-half or double the 1977 rate, water-level declines would range from 10 to 20 feet and from 20 to 25 feet, respectively. Reducing pumpage only in the intensive-study area could reduce the water-level declines locally. However, declines would be greatest near the edge of the area as a result of continued pumpage by wells outside the area boundary.
The digital model was more sensitive to changes in pumpage than to changes in hydraulic conductivity, specific yield, and recharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8039","usgsCitation":"Dunlap, L.E., 1980, Simulated water-level declines near Marienthal, west-central Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-39, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8039.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349799,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0039/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0039/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Scott County, Wichita County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.5,\n 38.25\n ],\n [\n -101,\n 38.25\n ],\n [\n -101,\n 38.75\n ],\n [\n -101.5,\n 38.75\n ],\n [\n -101.5,\n 38.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649389","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunlap, Lloyd E.","contributorId":92261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunlap","given":"Lloyd","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9758,"text":"ofr801158 - 1980 - Program MQLVEMCPL; Marquardt inversion of electromagnetic coupling data for a layered halfspace model with complex conductivities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:10","indexId":"ofr801158","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1158","title":"Program MQLVEMCPL; Marquardt inversion of electromagnetic coupling data for a layered halfspace model with complex conductivities","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr801158","usgsCitation":"Kauahikaua, J.P., and Anderson, W.L., 1980, Program MQLVEMCPL; Marquardt inversion of electromagnetic coupling data for a layered halfspace model with complex conductivities: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1158, 86 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801158.","productDescription":"86 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1158/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37506,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1158/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e16c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauahikaua, James P. 0000-0003-3777-503X jimk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-503X","contributorId":2146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"James","email":"jimk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":160243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Walter L.","contributorId":99133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26465,"text":"wri8082 - 1980 - Waste-assimilation capacity of the Arkansas River in Pueblo County, Colorado, as it relates to water-quality guidelines and stream classification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-02T10:33:24","indexId":"wri8082","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-82","title":"Waste-assimilation capacity of the Arkansas River in Pueblo County, Colorado, as it relates to water-quality guidelines and stream classification","docAbstract":"The waste-assimilation capacity of a 42-mile reach of the Arkansas River in Pueblo County, Colo., was evaluated using a one-dimensional steady-state water-quality model. The model was calibrated and verified using hydraulic and water-quality data collected in 1976 and 1979. The water-quality con-stituents modeled were 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, total organic nitrogen, total ammonia, total nitrite, total nitrate, and dissolved oxygen. Model calibration was acceptable for all constituents except total organic nitrogen, and verification was acceptable for all constituents except total organic nitrogen and total nitrite. A relationship between nonionized and total ammonia was defined to provide simulation capability for nonionized ammonia.
The model was used to simulate the water-quality effects of 63 combinations of wastewater treatment. The water-quality effects were evaluated with respect to water-quality guidelines that may be applied based on possible stream-use classifications. Model simulations were based on a 7-day low flow with a 10-year recurrence interval that occurs between August 15 and October 15 and on a winter low-flow period that occurs as a result of upstream storage of water.
The mixing zone downstream from the Pueblo Wastewater Treatment Plant outfall was evaluated to determine where the water-quality guidelines should apply for the model simulations. Complete lateral mixing of the effluent from the Pueblo Wastewater Treatment Plant occurred 2.7 river miles downstream from the outfall.
Model simulations indicated a water-quality guideline of 0.06 milligram per liter nonionized ammonia nitrogen would be exceeded at the end of the mixing zone for Q7,10 conditions with secondary treatment at the Pueblo Wastewater Treatment Plant and a projected effluent discharge for the year 2000, and that a water-quality guideline of 0.5 milligram per liter total nitrite nitrogen would be exceeded for winter conditions and the same waste-water-treatment possibility. Wastewater-treatment possibilities with a pro-jected discharge for the year 2000 which would result in both water-quality guidelines being met include land application of treated effluent and advanced secondary treatment at the Pueblo Wastewater Treatment Plant with conversion of ammonia to nitrate to result in an effluent total ammonia nitrogen concentration of 5.4 to 10.6 milligrams per liter, depending on the quality of effluent from the downstream discharge from the CF&I Steel Corp.
Model simulations also included an evaluation of flow augmentation necessary to meet a water-quality guideline of 0.06 milligram per liter non-ionized ammonia nitrogen. The evaluation was made for the n,7,10 period, secondary treatment at the Pueblo Wastewater Treatment Plant with a projected discharge for the year 2000, and effluent water quality at a downstream discharge which could contain twice the estimated ammonia concentration allowable for best available technology treatment for the iron and steel industry. The flow augmentation necessary to meet the water-quality guideline, based on the model simulations, is approximately 140 cubic feet per second.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8082","usgsCitation":"Cain, D., Baldridge, D., and Edelmann, P., 1980, Waste-assimilation capacity of the Arkansas River in Pueblo County, Colorado, as it relates to water-quality guidelines and stream classification: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-82, vii, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8082.","productDescription":"vii, 104 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0082/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359114,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0082/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Pueblo County","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.76150512695312,\n 38.135636748588574\n ],\n [\n -104.09957885742188,\n 38.135636748588574\n ],\n [\n -104.09957885742188,\n 38.36534867623901\n ],\n [\n -104.76150512695312,\n 38.36534867623901\n ],\n [\n -104.76150512695312,\n 38.135636748588574\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd46a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, Doug","contributorId":101655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Doug","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baldridge, Duaina","contributorId":100889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldridge","given":"Duaina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edelmann, Patrick","contributorId":86305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edelmann","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":15306,"text":"ofr80283 - 1980 - Side-scan sonograph data from eastern Rhode Island Sound and Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-18T15:10:40","indexId":"ofr80283","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-283","title":"Side-scan sonograph data from eastern Rhode Island Sound and Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Two hundred twenty-four kilometers of closely spaced side-scan sonograph data have been collected from eastern Rhode Island Sound and Vineyard Sound, Mass., by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the New England Division of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. These data were obtained during the August 1976 cruise of the B./V A. E. VERRILL as part of a continuing regional study of the Massachusetts offshore area to determine the suitability and potential environmental effect of ocean dumping of large volumes of harbor dredge-spoil material.
Specifically, as part of a proposed Federal Harbor improvement and maintenance dredging of Fall River and Mt. Hope Bay, Mass. under the jurisdiction of the Army Corps of Engineers, the disposal of the resultant dredge spoil is planned for an ocean dump site located in eastern Rhode Island Sound. The proposed site is also under consideration as a \"regional\" disposal grounds to be utilized by State and private organizations performing dredging work authorized by the Corps.
The data were obtained by using a Klein Side Scan Towfish* (sonar frequency, 100 kHz; pulse length, 0.1 msec). Signal returns from the starboard and port scans were automatically tuned, texture-enhanced, and printed centerout on 2 channels of a 3-channel Klein* wet-paper graphic recorder. Scan ranges of 75 m and 150 m were used. For comparison of graphic display, incoming signals from the starboard scan were also recorded on the third channel using a manual (nonautomatic) tuning mode. Navigational control was provided by Loran -C (positional accuracy within 0.2 km). Positional information was logged at 15-minute intervals and at major course changes.
The original records may be examined at the Data Library, U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543. Microfilm copies of the data are available for purchase from the National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center (NGSDC), Boulder, CO 80302.
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr80283","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New England Division of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"O’Hara, C.J., 1980, Side-scan sonograph data from eastern Rhode Island Sound and Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-283, 3 p., [1] leaf of plates :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80283.","productDescription":"3 p., [1] leaf of plates :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr80283.PNG"},{"id":259868,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0283/ofr1980283.pdf","text":"Report","size":"110 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1980-283"}],"contact":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA 02543
The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a study of the Cambrian and Ordovician aquifer system of the northern Midwest as part of a national series of Regional Aquifer-Systems Analysis (RASA). An integral part of this study will be a simulation of the ground-water flow regime using the Geological Survey's three-dimensional finite-difference model. The first step in the modeling effort is the design and development of a systematic set of processes to facilitate the collection, evaluation, manipulation, and use of large quantities of information. A computerized data-base system to accomplish these goals has been completed for the northern Midwest RASA.
\nThe input to the data-base system consists of either point values or contour maps of the hydrogeologic data required by the model. Digital samples of contoured surfaces are obtained by machine digitization. Uniformly spaced model-node values are then computed from the discrete data by two-dimensional interpolation. The interpolator uses the regional (long wavelength) characteristics of the data to compute a surface with minimum total curvature. Local (short wavelength) data are merged with the regional surface to produce the model-node values at the desired spacing. Nonuniformly spaced nodal values may be obtained by fitting two-dimensional polynomials (bicubic splines) to surfaces formed by uniformly spaced points and solving for the surface values at the node locations. The uniformly or nonuniformly spaced node values constitute the output of the data-base system and in turn are the input arrays of data values for the ground-water flow model.
\nManagement of the data base is facilitated by forming a data file for each model input parameter and for other hydrogeologic data used in the study. The data files are subdivided into elements consisting of individual model-layer arrays. In this form the data base can be readily accessed and edited. In addition to the interpolation programs, software components of the system include programs: (1) to transform geographic coordinates on a Lambert conformal conic projection to cartesian coordinates and vice versa, (2) to machine contour gridded data, (3) to expedite manipulation and editing of data, and (4) to perform various interarray computations.
\nThe data-base system has the following attributes: (1) manual handling of data is minimized and machine handling of data is maximized, (2) given unequally spaced point data over the extent of a study area, model input arrays for any reasonable uniform node spacing can be rapidly computed, (3) accuracy of computed node values are generally compatible with accuracy and spatial distribution of point data, (4) a relatively large class of nonuniformly spaced node configurations can be computed, (5) data within data-base files can be easily accessed and readily edited, and (6) the occurrence of data processing errors at various stages of data-base generation is monitored by machine contouring the computed grids.
\nFunctioning of the data-base system is illustrated by the sequence of steps required to produce a model-input array of transmissivity, given raw geologic and hydraulic conductivity data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri80104","usgsCitation":"Kontis, A., and Mandle, R.J., 1980, Data-base system for northern Midwest regional aquifer-system analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-104, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri80104.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56941,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0104/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0104/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db674351","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kontis, A.L.","contributorId":69542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kontis","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mandle, Richard J.","contributorId":19956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandle","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9486,"text":"ofr80144 - 1980 - U.S. Geological Survey role in earthquake prediction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-03T16:44:20.281347","indexId":"ofr80144","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-144","title":"U.S. Geological Survey role in earthquake prediction","docAbstract":"Work in the Seismology Branch on the problem of earthquake prediction is based primarily on the recording and analysis of seismic (elastic) waves in the Earth generated either by earthquakes themselves or by artificial sources such as quarry blasts or explosions detonated in drill holes. At the present time this work is still very much a research effort focused largely on earthquake occurrence within the San Andreas fault system and related faults in California. Major aspects of this research include 1) studies of the spatial-temporal patterns of earthquake occurrence as a basis for recognizing distinctive sequences of events that may precede moderate-to-large earthquakes, 2) studies of Earth structure as a basis for the accurate location of earthquake hypocenters and understanding the physical properties and state of active fault zones, and 3) studies of the earthquake source mechanisms as a basis for recognizing possible variations in stress-drop, rupture direction, and so on that may precede moderate-to-large earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80144","usgsCitation":"Hill, D.P., 1980, U.S. Geological Survey role in earthquake prediction: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-144, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80144.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":429452,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0144/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141931,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0144/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db6121cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, David P. hill@usgs.gov","contributorId":2600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"David","email":"hill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":159773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27574,"text":"wri807 - 1980 - Hydrology and model study of the proposed Prosperity Reservoir, Center Creek Basin, southwestern Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-15T10:41:47","indexId":"wri807","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-7","title":"Hydrology and model study of the proposed Prosperity Reservoir, Center Creek Basin, southwestern Missouri","docAbstract":"A dam and reservoir have been proposed for construction on Center Creek, Jasper County, in southwestern Missouri. Ground-water levels in the hills adjacent to the reservoir will rise when the impoundment is completed. One of the problems is that the proposed site of Prosperity Reservoir is a few miles upstream from the lead-zinc mining area known as the Oronogo-Duenweg belt. In this belt transmissivities are variable but appear to be higher than they are in the immediate area of the reservoir.
Grove Creek lies down-gradient from the reservoir area and separates it from the mining belt. A model study indicates that inflow from the proposed reservoir to the water table could cause water level rises varying from about 20 feet near the reservoir to 0.5 to 1.0 foot in the southern part of Grove Creek drainage basin. These rises will cause significant changes to the natural ground-water flow system. Increased ground-water elevations in the reservoir area could result in increased ground-water gradients and discharge to Grove and Center Creeks. The increase in ground-water discharge to Grove Creek, and in turn Center Creek, will have the beneficial effect of diluting mine-water discharge from the Oronogo-Duenweg belt during periods of low flow.
However, if Grove Creek does not act as an effective drain and if conduits extend beneath Grove Creek to transfer the increased water available to the Oronogo-Duenweg belt, the flow regimen could change in the mining belt west of Grove Creek increasing mine-water discharge to Center Creek downstream from the reservoir.
Bedrock in the area is Mississippian limestone, the deeply solutioned formation that contained the ore deposits. The limestone in the mining district was greatly altered by solution prior to ore deposition while the limestone in the area of the reservoir was altered less. The extent of the alteration is related to the aquifer characteristics in that high and low values of transmissivity and storage coefficient correspond to greatly altered brecciated rocks in the mining district and less altered, less brecciated rocks in the reservoir area, respectively.
The authors suggest that an ancestral east-flowing White River drained the area about Joplin in Late Mississippian time. This is based on the configuration of the contact between Meramecian and Osagean rocks of Mississippian age. A high topographic area existed in the region about Joplin in which the water table stood 200 feet below the land surface when sinkholes and caverns of that depth were formed. The large number of Pennsylvanian-filled sinkholes in the Joplin area and the smaller number to the east suggest a higher land surface to the west than that to the east. The distribution of paleokarst sinkholes supports the conclusion based on the configuration of the Meramecian-Osagean contact.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri807","usgsCitation":"Harvey, E.J., and Emmett, L.F., 1980, Hydrology and model study of the proposed Prosperity Reservoir, Center Creek Basin, southwestern Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-7, iv, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri807.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359448,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0007/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Center Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.61700439453125,\n 36.75759058319245\n ],\n [\n -93.592529296875,\n 36.75759058319245\n ],\n [\n -93.592529296875,\n 37.56961676185728\n ],\n [\n -94.61700439453125,\n 37.56961676185728\n ],\n [\n -94.61700439453125,\n 36.75759058319245\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605176","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Edward Joseph","contributorId":32131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emmett, Leo F.","contributorId":67130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmett","given":"Leo","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28772,"text":"wri8062 - 1980 - Three-dimensional digital-computer model of the Ferron sandstone aquifer near Emery, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-04T18:21:19.053438","indexId":"wri8062","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-62","title":"Three-dimensional digital-computer model of the Ferron sandstone aquifer near Emery, Utah","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional finite-difference computer model of the Ferron sand-stone aquifer was used to simulate ground-water flow in the Emery coal field in east-central Utah. The model also was used to predict the effects of pro-posed surface mining and the resulting mine dewatering on potentiometric sur-faces of the aquifer. The model was calibrated in a steady-state simulation using water levels and manmade discharges from the aquifer that were measured during 1979. Too few data were available to verify the calibrated model in a transient-state simulation with historical aquifer response to manmade dis-charges. Predictions made with the model are considered to be semiquantitative. Discharge from the proposed surface mine was predicted to average 0.3 cubic foot per second during the 15 years of operation. Drawdowns of 5 feet in the potentiometric surface of the aquifer were predicted to extend as much as 3 miles from the proposed mine after 15 years of operation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Morrissey, D.J., Lines, G.C., and Bartholoma, S.D., 1980, Three-dimensional digital-computer model of the Ferron sandstone aquifer near Emery, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-62, iv, 101 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8062.","productDescription":"iv, 101 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0062/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":380168,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0062/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.54830932617188,\n 38.725161847874716\n ],\n [\n -111.258544921875,\n 38.725161847874716\n ],\n [\n -111.258544921875,\n 38.94018471320357\n ],\n [\n -111.54830932617188,\n 38.94018471320357\n ],\n [\n -111.54830932617188,\n 38.725161847874716\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b89c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrissey, Daniel J.","contributorId":89875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrissey","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lines, Gregory C.","contributorId":50502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lines","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartholoma, Scott D.","contributorId":39408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholoma","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5913,"text":"pp1164 - 1980 - Effects of coal mine subsidence in the Sheridan, Wyoming, area","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8650,"text":"ofr78473 - 1978 - Effects of coal mine subsidence in the western Powder River basin, Wyoming","indexId":"ofr78473","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of coal mine subsidence in the western Powder River basin, Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5913,"text":"pp1164 - 1980 - Effects of coal mine subsidence in the Sheridan, Wyoming, area","indexId":"pp1164","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of coal mine subsidence in the Sheridan, Wyoming, area"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:41","indexId":"pp1164","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1164","title":"Effects of coal mine subsidence in the Sheridan, Wyoming, area","docAbstract":"Analyses of the surface effects of past underground coal mining in the Sheridan, Wyoming, area suggest that underground mining of strippable coal deposits may damage the environment more over long periods of time than would modern surface mining, provided proper restoration procedures are followed after surface mining. Subsidence depressions and pits are a continuing hazard to the environment and to man's activities in the Sheridan, Wyo., area above abandoned underground mines in weak overburden less than about 60 m thick and where the overburden is less than about 10-15 times the thickness of coal mined. In addition, fires commonly start by spontaneous ignition when water and air enter the abandoned mine workings via subsidence cracks and pits. The fires can then spread to unmined coal as they create more cavities, more subsidence, and more cracks and pits through which air can circulate. \r\n\r\nIn modern surface mining operations the total land surface underlain by minable coal is removed to expose the coal. The coal is removed, the overburden and topsoil are replaced, and the land is regraded and revegetated. The land, although disturbed, can be more easily restored and put back into use than can land underlain by abandoned underground mine workings in areas where the overburden is less than about 60 m thick or less than about 10-15 times the thickness of coal mined. The resource recovery of modern surface mining commonly is much greater than that of underground mining procedures. Although present-day underground mining technology is advanced as compared to that of 25-80 years ago, subsidence resulting from underground mining of thick coal beds beneath overburden less than about 60 m thick can still cause greater damage to surface drainage, ground water, and vegetation than can properly designed surface mining operations. \r\n\r\nThis report discusses (11 the geology and surface and underground effects of former large-scale underground coal mining in a 50-km 2 area 5-20 km north of Sheridan, Wyo., (2) a ground and aerial reconnaissance study of a 5-km^2 coal mining area 8-10 km west of Sheridan, and (31 some environmental consequences and problems caused by coal mining.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1164","usgsCitation":"Dunrud, C., and Osterwald, F.W., 1980, Effects of coal mine subsidence in the Sheridan, Wyoming, area: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1164, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1164.","productDescription":"49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1164/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32798,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1164/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615ca8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunrud, C. Richard","contributorId":48964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunrud","given":"C. Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osterwald, Frank W.","contributorId":98301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterwald","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29920,"text":"wri8024 - 1980 - Cross sections of the Hudson River estuary from Troy to New York City, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:03","indexId":"wri8024","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-24","title":"Cross sections of the Hudson River estuary from Troy to New York City, New York","docAbstract":"Data on channel geometry of the Hudson River estuary at 125 cross sections between the Federal Dam at Troy and the norhtern limits of New York City (133 miles) are presented for use in hydraulic modeling, tidal studies, traveltime and water-quality studies, and other uses requiring knowledge of Hudson River channel properties. The data were obtained from field surveys of the estuary conducted by boat with a fathometer in 1966-69. Water-surface elevations were not recorded during the fathometer runs but were calculated in 1979 from information on tide variations in the estuary and from stage data collected at Albany and New York City. Topographic maps and field reconaissance were used to extend the ends of the cross sections beyond 100-year flood stage. Channel-configuration data are presented as perspective plots and in a table; also included are strip maps showing the location of the cross sections. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri8024","usgsCitation":"Stedfast, D., 1980, Cross sections of the Hudson River estuary from Troy to New York City, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-24, v, 70 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8024.","productDescription":"v, 70 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":260345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_80_24.jpg"},{"id":260344,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0024/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db6809d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stedfast, D.A.","contributorId":89520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stedfast","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28501,"text":"wri7966 - 1980 - Water resources of the Port Gamble Indian Reservation, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-06T15:25:02","indexId":"wri7966","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-66","title":"Water resources of the Port Gamble Indian Reservation, Washington","docAbstract":"This report provides information on the water resources of the Port Gamble Indian Reservation, Washington, including ground- and surface-water quality and quantity data and interpretations of the data. This information was gathered to provide a base for management and protection of the water resources of the reservation.
Ground water in the study area generally occurs in two aquifers. A shallow aquifer in weathered till (or fine sand and gravel) generally yields only enough water to wells to supply one or two households, and a lower artesian-aquifer system of sand and gravel layers near or below sea level produces higher yields--more than 65 gallons per minute to at least one well. Future supplies of ground water probably can be withdrawn from the lower artesian-aquifer system almost anywhere beneath the reservation. The estimated natural discharge of ground water from the lower artesian-aquifer system to Hood Canal and Port Gamble (bay) is about 42,000 cubic feet per day, or an average of about 220 gallons per minute. Of this amount, it is estimated that about 90 gallons per minute can be economically withdrawn, probably without greatly increasing chances of seawater intrusion. One well in the area taps a still deeper artesian aquifer that is otherwise unexplored. This aquifer, 75 to 80 feet or more below sea level, could possibly supply additional ground water for future use. Ground-water quality is good, but the water is moderately hard and has moderately high iron concentrations. Chloride analyses indicate that in 1977 there was no seawater intrusion into the lower aquifer tapped by wells in the community of Little Boston.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7966","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Little Boston Tribe of the Klallam Indian Nation","usgsCitation":"Lum, W.E., 1980, Water resources of the Port Gamble Indian Reservation, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-66, vi, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7966.","productDescription":"vi, 52 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0066/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":363543,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0066/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States ","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Port Gamble Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.07708740234374,\n 47.455951443369926\n ],\n [\n -122.14736938476562,\n 47.455951443369926\n ],\n [\n -122.14736938476562,\n 48.011975126709956\n ],\n [\n -123.07708740234374,\n 48.011975126709956\n ],\n [\n -123.07708740234374,\n 47.455951443369926\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67af17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lum, W. E. II","contributorId":81504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lum","given":"W.","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5957,"text":"pp1116 - 1980 - Geochemical-exploration studies in the Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho and Montana","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9192,"text":"ofr77216 - 1977 - Geochemical exploration studies in the Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho","indexId":"ofr77216","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemical exploration studies in the Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5957,"text":"pp1116 - 1980 - Geochemical-exploration studies in the Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho and Montana","indexId":"pp1116","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Geochemical-exploration studies in the Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho and Montana"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T21:12:31.338469","indexId":"pp1116","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1116","title":"Geochemical-exploration studies in the Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho and Montana","docAbstract":"The principal ore deposits in the Coeur d'Alene district are lead-zinc-silver replacement veins in Precambrian rocks of the Belt Supergroup. The main ore minerals are galena, tetrahedrite, and sphalerite. The host rocks are mainly quartzite, siltite, and argillite. Cretaceous quartz monzonite locally intrudes the Beltrocks. \r\n\r\nThe geochemical investigations reported here were carried out to determine if geochemical methods would be useful in the search for concealed ore deposits. About 8,700 soil samples and 4,000 rock samples were collected from a 300-square-mile (780 square kilometer) area for this study. The samples were analyzed for 35 elements. \r\n\r\nAntimony, silver, lead, manganese, and copper form dispersion patterns and halos that are related to many of the ore deposits within the district, and these same elements were found to be most useful in delineating the known mineral belts that contain most of the orebodies. The dispersion patterns are probably primary, having only minor modifications due to secondary redistribution of the ore-forming elements. \r\n\r\nThe mineral belts and geochemical-dispersion patterns have been laterally offset, perhaps as much as 16 miles (26 km), by postore faulting. Prefault dispersion patterns can be restored by adjusting the geochemical maps along the postore faults to match the dispersion patterns across the fault trace. The reconstructed dispersion patterns of antimony, arsenic, lead, sulfur, and the ratio of cadmium to zinc form concentric halos around the restored position of the Gem stocks. Most of the Coeur d'Alene ore has been mined from this halo. It appears that the geochemical exploration methods reported here successfully delineate the major mineral belts and indicate unexplored areas in which to search for new deposits.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1116","usgsCitation":"Gott, G.B., and Cathrall, J.B., 1980, Geochemical-exploration studies in the Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1116, Report: iv, 63 p.; 9 Plates: 41.00 × 39.50 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1116.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 63 p.; 9 Plates: 41.00 × 39.50 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":32852,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1116/plate-9.pdf","text":"Plate 7-3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32851,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1116/plate-8.pdf","text":"Plate 7-2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32850,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1116/plate-7.pdf","text":"Plate 7-1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1116/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32845,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1116/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":104554,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4723.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4723"},{"id":32853,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1116/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32849,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1116/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32844,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1116/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32848,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1116/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32847,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1116/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32846,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1116/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Coeur d'Alene district","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.2792,\n 47.35\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 47.35\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 47.5833\n ],\n [\n -116.2792,\n 47.5833\n ],\n [\n -116.2792,\n 47.35\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab7f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gott, Garland Bayard","contributorId":6420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gott","given":"Garland","email":"","middleInitial":"Bayard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cathrall, John B.","contributorId":26668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cathrall","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":14387,"text":"ofr80345 - 1980 - Hydrologic monitoring program in Eldridge-Wilde and East Lake Road well-field areas, Pinellas and Hillsborough counties, Florida, 1977 water year","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T17:09:57.640826","indexId":"ofr80345","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-345","title":"Hydrologic monitoring program in Eldridge-Wilde and East Lake Road well-field areas, Pinellas and Hillsborough counties, Florida, 1977 water year","docAbstract":"The observation-well network in the vicinity of the two well fields is described in detail. Data obtained from the network from October 1976 through September 1977, as well as rainfall and pumpage records, are presented and discussed. Below-normal rainfall caused the water table and potentiometric surface of the Floridan aquifer in Eldridge-Wilde well field to recover 2 feet less in September 1977 than in the previous September. Water levels in East Lake Road will field were approximately the same in September of both years. The Southwest Florida Water Management District has established regulatory water-level and water-quality limits in several observation wells. Water levels did not drop below regulatory limits during the year. Water from two deep wells west of Eldridge-Wilde well field exceeded the regulatory limits for chloride concentrations. The position of the 250 milligram per liter chloride line is shown in cross section in the vicinity of Eldridge-Wilde well field in September 1977. Network modifications are proposed that would result in a more comprehensive knowledge of the hydrologic system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80345","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Pinellas County, Florida","usgsCitation":"Joyner, B.F., and Gerhart, J.M., 1980, Hydrologic monitoring program in Eldridge-Wilde and East Lake Road well-field areas, Pinellas and Hillsborough counties, Florida, 1977 water year: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-345, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80345.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0345/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":404372,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0345/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Hillsborough County, Pinellas County","otherGeospatial":"Eldridge-Wilde and East Lake Road well-field areas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.0291748046875,\n 27.68839232178566\n ],\n [\n -82.2930908203125,\n 27.68839232178566\n ],\n [\n -82.2930908203125,\n 28.28019589809702\n ],\n [\n -83.0291748046875,\n 28.28019589809702\n ],\n [\n -83.0291748046875,\n 27.68839232178566\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606b77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joyner, Boyd F.","contributorId":9278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyner","given":"Boyd","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerhart, James M.","contributorId":35717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerhart","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6059,"text":"pp1122 - 1980 - Thermal modeling of flow in the San Diego Aqueduct, California, and its relation to evaporation","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9683,"text":"ofr781026 - 1978 - Thermal modeling of flow of the San Diego Aqueduct, California, and its relation to evaporation","indexId":"ofr781026","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Thermal modeling of flow of the San Diego Aqueduct, California, and its relation to evaporation"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6059,"text":"pp1122 - 1980 - Thermal modeling of flow in the San Diego Aqueduct, California, and its relation to evaporation","indexId":"pp1122","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Thermal modeling of flow in the San Diego Aqueduct, California, and its relation to evaporation"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:57","indexId":"pp1122","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1122","title":"Thermal modeling of flow in the San Diego Aqueduct, California, and its relation to evaporation","docAbstract":"The thermal balance of the 26-kilometer long concrete-lined San Diego Aqueduct, a canal in southern California, was studied to determine the coefficients in a Dalton type evaporation formula. Meteorologic and hydraulic variables, as well as water temperature, were monitored continuously for a 1-year period. A thermal model was calibrated by use of data obtained during a 28-day period to determine the coefficients which best described the thermal balance of the canal. The coefficients applicable to the San Diego Aqueduct are similar to those commonly obtained from lake evaporation studies except that a greater evaporation at low windspeeds is indicated. The model was verified by use of data obtained during 113 days which did not include the calibration data. These data verified that the derived wind function realistically represents the canal evaporation. An annual evaporation of 2.08 meters was computed which is about 91 percent of the amount of water evaporated annually from nearby class A evaporation pans. (Kosco-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1122","usgsCitation":"Jobson, H.E., 1980, Thermal modeling of flow in the San Diego Aqueduct, California, and its relation to evaporation: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1122, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1122.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1122/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33059,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1122/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62dd3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jobson, Harvey E.","contributorId":27032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156300,"text":"70156300 - 1980 - Trends in the distribution of recent foraminifera in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T15:27:55","indexId":"70156300","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3913,"text":"Cushman Foundation Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in the distribution of recent foraminifera in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Much of the bathymetry of the southern part of San Francisco Bay reflects the drainage pattern of late Pleistocene streams. Holocene estuarine silt and clay cover most of the bay floor; relict eolian and deltaic sand occurs along the eastern shore; sandy patches are present in the main channel owing to higher tidal current velocities. Organic content is high along the western shore, where tidal flats are extensive, and in the slough at the mouth of Coyote Creek where wastewaters discharge.
\nThirty-one species of benthonic foraminifera were identified in surficial sediments of San Francisco Bay estuary; of these, 20 species were stained red by rose Bengal and are considered as live. Water depth, sediment textural characteristics, salinity, organic matter, sediment pH, and biological competition were considered as factors that might affect distribution of foraminifera. Four ecologic zones based on observed trends in the distribution and abundance of several species correlate well with some environmental factors. Four groups based on the Q-mode analysis of frequency counts of foraminiferal assemblages are reasonably similar to the four ecologic zones. These zones, showing restricted depth ranges, are: Inner Coastal Zone, where Elphidium incertum obscurum and Trochammina infiata are prominent; Outer Coastal Zone, dominated by Ammonia beccarii tepida and Elphidium incatum; Deep Bay Zone, where Elphidietla hannai, Elphidium incertum clavatum, Hopkinsina pacifica, and Bolivina spp. appear in abundance; and Deep Channel Zone, where Elphidiella hannai is most abundant. In the Inner Coastal Zone, salinity due to large fluctuations is a limiting factor for many species. Substrate textural characteristics are primary determinants of the distribution of agglutinated foraminifers. The percentage of organic matter in the sediment correlates well with the abundance of Elphidium incertum obscurum, a ubiquitous species in San Francisco Bay. Sediment pH is not critical. Biologic competition can be estimated by comparing the percentage of a species with the number of species present in the assemblage, as shown for Ammonia beccarii tepida and Elphidiella hannai.
","publisher":"Cushman Foundation","usgsCitation":"Arnal, R., Quinterno, P., Conomos, T.J., and Gram, R., 1980, Trends in the distribution of recent foraminifera in San Francisco Bay: Cushman Foundation Special Publication, v. 19, p. 17-39.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"287","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":306918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cushmanfoundation.org/specpubs/index.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.9207763671875,\n 37.42688834526727\n ],\n [\n -122.05673217773438,\n 37.41925395973696\n ],\n [\n -122.12127685546875,\n 37.438883664067525\n ],\n [\n -122.15286254882812,\n 37.489025074767866\n ],\n [\n -122.27508544921875,\n 37.54784381205082\n ],\n [\n -122.39593505859376,\n 37.604440246103614\n ],\n [\n -122.43850708007811,\n 37.71750400999666\n ],\n [\n -122.43713378906249,\n 37.792422407988575\n ],\n [\n -122.19818115234375,\n 37.783740105227224\n ],\n [\n -122.14736938476562,\n 37.67512527892127\n ],\n [\n -122.05673217773438,\n 37.57397058830708\n ],\n [\n -121.9317626953125,\n 37.48684571271661\n ],\n [\n -121.9207763671875,\n 37.42688834526727\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92d6e4b05d6c4e501ae1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnal, R.E.","contributorId":75141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnal","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quinterno, P. J.","contributorId":65465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinterno","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conomos, T. J.","contributorId":77515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conomos","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gram, Ralph","contributorId":146641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gram","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70209244,"text":"70209244 - 1980 - Coastal ocean dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-25T11:56:07","indexId":"70209244","displayToPublicDate":"1983-03-25T11:45:23","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal ocean dynamics","docAbstract":"The main objective of the Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE) is to observe and describe the response of continental shelf waters to strong atmospheric forcing in a relatively simple geomorphological setting. In order to achieve this goal, CODE has been designed (1) to define the different space and time scales of the physical parameters important to the shelf flow field and (2) to identify and describe the essential kinematical and dynamical processes governing wind‐driven circulation on the continental shelf.
A variety of models exist for the wind‐forced response of continental shelf waters. The salient differences among these models lies in the assumed balances between terms in the governing equations. For example, Gill and Schumann [1974] in a barotropic model assume a geostrophic cross‐shelf momentum balance but include the time‐dependent and surface and bottom stress terms in the along‐shelf momentum balance. Csanady [1978] in his arrested topographic wave model involving bottom friction assumes a quasisteady alongshelf response neglecting advective terms and retaining the geostrophic cross‐shelf balance. Various shelf wave models assume inviscid dynamics and other models assume a simple balance between surface and bottom stress in shallow water. To test the different assumptions behind these models, all terms in the governing equations need to be accurately estimated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/EO064i036p00538","usgsCitation":"Allen, J., Beardsley, R., Brown, W., Cacchione, D., Davis, R., Friehe, C., Grant, W., Huyer, A., Irish, J., Janopaul, M., Williams, A., and Winant, C.D., 1980, Coastal ocean dynamics: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 64, no. 36, p. 538-540, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO064i036p00538.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"538","endPage":"540","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373512,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"CODE 1","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.07958984375001,\n 38.54816542304656\n ],\n [\n -122.67333984374999,\n 38.54816542304656\n ],\n [\n -122.67333984374999,\n 39.791654835253425\n ],\n [\n -124.07958984375001,\n 39.791654835253425\n ],\n [\n -124.07958984375001,\n 38.54816542304656\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, J.","contributorId":92632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beardsley, R.","contributorId":73400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beardsley","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, W.","contributorId":223590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":785530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davis, R.","contributorId":92926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Friehe, C.","contributorId":223591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friehe","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Grant, W.","contributorId":223592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Huyer, Adriana","contributorId":202468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huyer","given":"Adriana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Irish, J.","contributorId":92450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irish","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Janopaul, M.","contributorId":223593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janopaul","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Williams, A.","contributorId":36463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Winant, Clinton D.","contributorId":202471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winant","given":"Clinton","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70230851,"text":"pp1124F - 1980 - Palladium, platinum, and rhodium concentrations in mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Zhob Valley and Dargai complexes, Pakistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-26T13:50:34.007151","indexId":"pp1124F","displayToPublicDate":"1980-12-31T08:39:43","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1124","chapter":"F","title":"Palladium, platinum, and rhodium concentrations in mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Zhob Valley and Dargai complexes, Pakistan","docAbstract":"The Zhob Valley and Dargai complexes, Pakistan, consist of harzburgite and dunite tectonites containing chromite deposits, pyroxenite, wehrlite, and gabbro. Both are ophiolite complexes. Palladium, platinum, and rhodium were found in concentrations of up to 170, 200, and 22 parts per billion, respectively. Average concentrations for both complexes and all rock types collected are 28 ppb palladium, 33 ppb platinum, and 9 ppb rhodium. The Pt:Pt+Pd ranges from 0.41 to 0.67 and averages 0.57. The concentration levels and ratios of these metals are similar to other alpine ultramafic bodies that have been analyzed by modern techniques.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Shorter contributions to mineralogy and petrology, 1979","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1124F","usgsCitation":"Page, N.J., Haffty, J., and Ahmad, Z., 1980, Palladium, platinum, and rhodium concentrations in mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Zhob Valley and Dargai complexes, Pakistan: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1124, iii, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1124F.","productDescription":"iii, 6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":399662,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":399660,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1124a-f/report.pdf"}],"country":"Pakistan","otherGeospatial":"Zhob Valley complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 67.5,\n 31\n ],\n [\n 68.25,\n 31\n ],\n [\n 68.25,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n 67.5,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n 67.5,\n 31\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, Norman J.","contributorId":46492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haffty, Joseph","contributorId":79450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haffty","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ahmad, Zaki","contributorId":85205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahmad","given":"Zaki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188982,"text":"70188982 - 1980 - Lateral trends and vertical sequences in estuarine sediments, Willapa Bay, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T10:49:49","indexId":"70188982","displayToPublicDate":"1980-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Lateral trends and vertical sequences in estuarine sediments, Willapa Bay, Washington","docAbstract":"Willapa Bay is a sizable estuary on the southern coast of Washington- Relatively unmodified in a geologic sense by human activity the bay provides an excellent example of modern depositional facies in an estuarine setting.
Studies of these deposits indicate that consistent lateral trends exist in sediment texture and sedimentary structures. The texture changes from sandy at the mouth of the bay to muddy in its upper parts. In any part of the bay , sediment is coarsest in the channel bottoms, where lag deposits accumulate. The sediment tends to fine in an upslope direction and is finest in supratidal flat deposits of silt and clay.
The nature of sedimentary structures depends on the combination of physical and biological processes and sediment textures. Bedforms exist wherever the bed is sandy. In the main tidal channels sandwaves and dunes up to 4 meters high occur. In tributary channels and at the margins of the main channel, at shallower depths and under less intense currents , the structures are generally less than a meter high. Current ripples occur in t he sandy bed of all of the tidal channels and in runoff channels cross the tidal flat. Symmetric long-crested ripples are produced by wave action over the sandy intertidal flat.
Internal structures in the bay's sediment depend not only on the nature of the bedform but also on the rate of bioturbation relative to physical processes. Under fields of large sandwaves or dunes, medium- to large-scale tabular and trough crossbedding predominates. This crossbedding generally is unidirectional, reflecting the locally dominant current (ebb or flood). Ripple bedding predominates elsewhere in sandy sediment within the channels. Where sand transport is diminished, as on the floor of the upper tributary channels, bioturbation exceeds the rate of production of physical structures and bedding is destroyed. The depositional banks in such areas tend to be sites of rapid sediment accumulation and bedding in the form of interlayered sand (commonly ripple bedded) and mud persists. On intertidal flats the sediment accumulates slowly and bioturbation erases nearly all physical structures. Bedding is preserved only where deposition is locally rapid , as in topographic depressions or on the depositional banks of runoff channels, or where faunal activity is inhibited, as beneath mounds of blue-green algae. The rate of sedimentation is slower still on the supratidal flats, but the general paucity of faunal activity allows the preservation of thin alternations of fine sand , silt or clay.
The lateral migration of the tidal channels produces vertical sequences in which topographically higher facies are superposed on one another. Near the mouth of the estuary the upward sequence: lag deposit — crossbedded sand — ripple or planar-bedded sand is typical. The crossbedding shows a general upward decrease in thickness and a progression from trough to tabular units. In the main tidal channel - in the central estuary and in sandy tributary channels, the typical vertical sequence resembles that near the mouth , with the exception that the sequence is capped by bioturbated sandy or muddy tide flat deposits. In the upper estuary , where muddy sediment predominates, a typical sequence shows the progression-. bioturbated lag deposit — gently dipping interlaminated sand and mud layers of the accretionary bank — bioturbated mud flat deposits — thinly laminated fine supratidal deposits.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Pacific Coast Paleogreography Symposium 4: Quarternary Depositional Environments of the Pacific Coast","conferenceDate":"April 9, 1980","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology","usgsCitation":"Clifton, H.E., and Phillips, L., 1980, Lateral trends and vertical sequences in estuarine sediments, Willapa Bay, Washington, Pacific Coast Paleogreography Symposium 4: Quarternary Depositional Environments of the Pacific Coast, April 9, 1980, p. 55-71.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"71","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343067,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River, Willapa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.81018066406249,\n 45.91103315853962\n ],\n [\n -123.03039550781249,\n 45.91103315853962\n ],\n [\n -123.03039550781249,\n 47.23262467463881\n ],\n [\n -124.81018066406249,\n 47.23262467463881\n ],\n [\n -124.81018066406249,\n 45.91103315853962\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596611cfe4b0d1f9f05cef36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clifton, H. Edward","contributorId":46503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifton","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, L.","contributorId":63556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207259,"text":"70207259 - 1980 - Research on interactive genetic-geological models to evaluate favourability for undiscovered uranium resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-01T19:52:46.74834","indexId":"70207259","displayToPublicDate":"1980-12-13T14:24:19","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Research on interactive genetic-geological models to evaluate favourability for undiscovered uranium resources","docAbstract":"Current methods of evaluating favourability for undiscovered uranium resources are unduly subjective, quite possibly inconsistent and, as a consequence, of questionable reliability. This research is aimed at reducing the subjectivity and increasing the reliability by designing an improved method that depends largely on geological data and their statistical frequency of occurrence. This progress report outlines a genetic approach to modelling the geological factors that controlled uranium mineralization in order to evaluate the favourability for the occurrence of undiscovered uranium deposits of the type modeled. A genetic model is constructed from all the factors that describe the processes, in chronological sequence, that formed uranium deposits thought to have a common origin. The field and laboratory evidence for the processes constitute a geologic occurrence base that parallels the chronological sequence of events. The genetic model and the geologic-occurrence base are portrayed as two columns of an interactive matrix called the \"genetic-geologic model\". For each column, eight chronological stages are used to describe the overall formation of the uranium deposits. These stages consist of (1) precursor processes; (2) host-rock formation; (3) preparation of host-rock; (4) uranium-source development; (5) transport of uranium; (6) primary uranium deposition; (7) post-deposition modification; and (8) preservation. To apply the genetic-geological model to evaluate favourability, a question is posed that determines the presence or absence of each attribute listed under the geologic-occurrence base. By building a logic circuit of the attributes according to either their essential or non-essential nature, the resultant match between a well-documented control area and the test area may be determined. The degree of match is a measure of favourability for uranium occurrence as hypothesized in the genetic model. This process of geological decision analysis results in a series of favourability maps that can be combined into a final composite favourability map.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Uranium Evaluation and Mining Techniques: Proceedings of a Symposium Held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1–4 October 1979","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Uranium Evaluation and Mining Techniques","conferenceDate":"October, 1-4, 1979","conferenceLocation":"Buenos Aires, Argentina","language":"English","publisher":"IAEA","isbn":"9200402801","usgsCitation":"Finch, W., Granger, H., Lupe, R., and McCammon, R., 1980, Research on interactive genetic-geological models to evaluate favourability for undiscovered uranium resources, in Uranium Evaluation and Mining Techniques: Proceedings of a Symposium Held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1–4 October 1979, Buenos Aires, Argentina, October, 1-4, 1979, p. 447-462.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"447","endPage":"462","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370266,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finch, W.I.","contributorId":75919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granger, H.C.","contributorId":15203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granger","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lupe, R.D.","contributorId":107696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lupe","given":"R.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCammon, R.B.","contributorId":17218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCammon","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70120130,"text":"70120130 - 1980 - The effect of band loss on estimates of annual survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-12T13:44:06","indexId":"70120130","displayToPublicDate":"1980-12-01T13:37:13","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of band loss on estimates of annual survival","docAbstract":"Banding has proven to be a useful technique in the study of population dynamics of avian species. However, band loss has long been recognized as a potential problem, (Hickey, 1952; Ludwig, 1967). Recently, Brownie et al. (1978) presented 14 models based on an array of explicit assumptions for the analysis of band recovery data. Various estimation models (assumption sets) allowed survival and/or recovery rates to be (a) constant, (b) time-specific, or (c) time- and age-specific. Optimal inference methods were employed and statistical tests of critical assumptions were developed and emphasized.
\nThe methods of Brownie et al. (1978), as with all previously published methods of which we are aware, assume no loss of bands during the study. However, some band loss is certain to occur and this potentially biases the estimates of annual survival rates whatever the analysis method. A few empirical studies have estimated band loss rates (a notable exception is Ludwig, 1967); consequently, for almost all band recovery data, the exact rate of band loss is unknown. In this paper we investigate the bias in estimates of annual survival rates due to varying degrees of hypothesized band loss. Our main results are based on perhaps the most useful model, originally developed by Seber (1970), for estimation of annual survival rate. Inferences are made concerning the bias of estimated survival rates in other models because the structure of these estimators is similar.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Northeastern Bird-Banding Association","publisherLocation":"Ipswich, NH","usgsCitation":"Nelson, L.J., Anderson, D.R., and Burnham, K.P., 1980, The effect of band loss on estimates of annual survival: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 51, no. 1, p. 30-38.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292037,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53eb2a90e4b0461e44764ad7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Louis J.","contributorId":106028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":92722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burnham, Kenneth P.","contributorId":95025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012225,"text":"70012225 - 1980 - Aeromagnetic and radio echo ice-sounding measurements show much greater area of the Dufek intrusion, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-12T16:42:33.621979","indexId":"70012225","displayToPublicDate":"1980-08-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aeromagnetic and radio echo ice-sounding measurements show much greater area of the Dufek intrusion, Antarctica","docAbstract":"A combined aeromagnetic and radio echo ice-sounding survey made in 1978 in Antarctica over the Dufek layered mafic intrusion suggests a minimum area of the intrusion of about 50,000 square kilometers, making it comparable in size with the Bushveld Complex of Africa. Comparisons of the magnetic and subglacial topographic profiles illustrate the usefulness of this combination of methods in studying bedrock geology beneath ice-covered areas. Magnetic anomalies range in peak-to-trough amplitude from about 50 nanoteslas over the lowermost exposed portion of the section in the Dufek Massif to about 3600 nanoteslas over the uppermost part of the section in the Forrestal Range. Theoretical magnetic anomalies, computed from a model based on the subice topography fitted to the highest amplitude observed magnetic anomalies, required normal and reversed magnetizations ranging from 10-3 to 10-2 electromagnetic units per cubic centimeter. This result is interpreted as indicating that the Dufek intrusion cooled through the Curie isotherm during one or more reversals of the earth's magnetic field.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Scienc","doi":"10.1126/science.209.4460.1014","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., Drewry, D., Jankowski, E., and Grim, M.S., 1980, Aeromagnetic and radio echo ice-sounding measurements show much greater area of the Dufek intrusion, Antarctica: Science, v. 209, no. 4460, p. 1014-1017, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.209.4460.1014.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1014","endPage":"1017","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","volume":"209","issue":"4460","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e72ee4b0c8380cd478b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drewry, D.J.","contributorId":41968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drewry","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jankowski, E.","contributorId":7420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jankowski","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grim, M. S.","contributorId":102884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grim","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70169343,"text":"70169343 - 1980 - Biological considerations in the delineation of critical habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-25T10:54:02","indexId":"70169343","displayToPublicDate":"1980-08-28T12:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Biological considerations in the delineation of critical habitat","docAbstract":"Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) require large areas to satisfy their needs for food, cover, and space. They thrive best where disturbance by man is minimal. It is not a coincidence that the two major grizzly bear populations in the lower 48 states exist in large wilderness systems closely associated with two large national parks and a relatively large game preserve. If management objectives for these areas do not change, and man-bear interactions can be kept low, viable grizzly bear populations can be maintained. Outside of parks and wilderness areas, the picture is less clear. Grizzly bears adapt to some habitat modifications. the extent of their adaptability to habitat modification or human interaction is largely unknown. Answers to many pertinent questions will be slow in coming. In the meantime, management policies based on common sense rather than on adversary reactions among agencies are the best insurance of the grizzlies' survival.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bears: Their biology and management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Fourth International Conference on Bear Research and Management","conferenceDate":"February 1977","conferenceLocation":"Kalispell, MT","language":"English","publisher":"International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources","publisherLocation":"Morges, Switzerland","doi":"10.2307/3872833","usgsCitation":"Knight, R.R., 1980, Biological considerations in the delineation of critical habitat, chap. of Bears: Their biology and management, v. 4, p. 1-3, https://doi.org/10.2307/3872833.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"3","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319392,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f66134e4b07d796bf76ff8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knight, Richard R.","contributorId":68660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012213,"text":"70012213 - 1980 - Sediment waves on the Monterey fan levee: a preliminary physical interpretation.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-27T14:57:36.972885","indexId":"70012213","displayToPublicDate":"1980-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment waves on the Monterey fan levee: a preliminary physical interpretation.","docAbstract":"Sediment waves on the deep ocean floor occur mostly on the lower continental rise on slopes of 1° or less. Previous studies show that their amplitude and wavelength vary greatly, but little is known about their shape in plan. A detailed survey of a 30-km2 area of abyssal-depth sediment waves associated with the levee of the Monterey fan valley shows a pattern of sinuous crests and troughs with parallel, well-bedded internal structure. Material in the upper 1 m of sediment consists predominantly of bioturbated, muddy coccolith ooze. A single thin, silty horizon can be correlated between adjoining waves.
On the basis of measured wave dimensions and an estimate of flow velocity we use a simple two-layer model for water movement to infer approximate flow parameters. The sediment waves are considered to be formed most likely by low-velocity (10 cm/s), low-concentration turbidity flows approximately 100–800 m thick. This interpretation emphasizes the role of low-speed, low-concentration turbidity currents in the downslope movement of fine-grained material. This type of transport—deposition regime explains the formation of sediment waves very well except for certain waves occurring on depositional ridges in the deep ocean.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(80)90009-2","usgsCitation":"Normark, W.R., Hess, G.R., Stow, D., and Bowen, A., 1980, Sediment waves on the Monterey fan levee: a preliminary physical interpretation.: Marine Geology, v. 37, no. 1-2, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(80)90009-2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222399,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b89f0e4b08c986b316f53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Normark, William R.","contributorId":69570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hess, Gordon R.","contributorId":102119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stow, D.A.V.","contributorId":35441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stow","given":"D.A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowen, A.J.","contributorId":87292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}