{"pageNumber":"155","pageRowStart":"3850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11371,"records":[{"id":70204797,"text":"ofr20061094 - 2006 - Summary of preliminary 2D inundation modeling for three Hattian landslide dam breach scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-07T07:24:51","indexId":"ofr20061094","displayToPublicDate":"2020-01-06T08:03:47","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1094","displayTitle":"Summary of Preliminary 2D Inundation Modeling for Three Hattian Landslide Dam Breach Scenarios","title":"Summary of preliminary 2D inundation modeling for three Hattian landslide dam breach scenarios","docAbstract":"

On October 8, 2005, a M 7.6 earthquake near Muzafarrabad, Pakistan, triggered a landslide that dammed the Karli River and one of its tributaries about 4 km upstream of the confluence of the Karli and Jhelum rivers near the town of Hattian Bala. The smaller dam on the tributary of the Karli River has been artificially breached and is no longer a hazard. When the larger dammed lake on the Karli River has filled enough to flow over the landslide blockage, it will have impounded about 60 million cubic meters of water. This lake will drain through the landslide dam as it breaches during the spring runoff or during the monsoon season in early summer. The inundation associated with the Karli River landslide dam breach endangers a substantial downstream population, particularly the population located in the vicinity of Hattian Bala at the confluence of the Karli and Jhelum rivers. To help mitigate this hazard, we used an accurate two-dimensional flow model to simulate dambreak flows associated with three breach-rate downcutting scenarios, and estimated inundation depths and peak flow velocities. We superimposed inundation extents and other attributes on photographic images of the region to provide clear delineation of potential impacts on populated areas near the confluence of the Karli and Jhelum rivers.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061094","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Denlinger, R.P., O’Connell, D.R.H., and Jones, M., 2006, Summary of preliminary 2D inundation modeling for three Hattian landslide dam breach scenarios: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1094, 12 p., plus figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061094.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366616,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1094/ofr20061094_figs.html","text":"Figures 3–5, 7–42 ","linkHelpText":"— Large format plots."},{"id":366614,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1094/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":366615,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1094/ofr20061094.pdf","text":"Report","size":"315 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2006-1094"}],"country":"Pakistan ","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[75.15803,37.13303],[75.8969,36.66681],[76.19285,35.8984],[77.83745,35.49401],[76.87172,34.65354],[75.75706,34.50492],[74.2402,34.74889],[73.74995,34.3177],[74.10429,33.44147],[74.45156,32.7649],[75.25864,32.27111],[74.40593,31.69264],[74.42138,30.97981],[73.45064,29.97641],[72.82375,28.96159],[71.77767,27.91318],[70.6165,27.9892],[69.51439,26.94097],[70.16893,26.49187],[70.28287,25.72223],[70.8447,25.2151],[71.04324,24.35652],[68.8426,24.35913],[68.17665,23.69197],[67.44367,23.94484],[67.14544,24.66361],[66.37283,25.42514],[64.53041,25.23704],[62.9057,25.21841],[61.49736,25.07824],[61.87419,26.23997],[63.31663,26.75653],[63.2339,27.21705],[62.75543,27.37892],[62.72783,28.25964],[61.77187,28.69933],[61.36931,29.30328],[60.87425,29.82924],[62.54986,29.31857],[63.55026,29.46833],[64.148,29.34082],[64.35042,29.56003],[65.04686,29.47218],[66.34647,29.88794],[66.38146,30.7389],[66.93889,31.30491],[67.68339,31.30315],[67.79269,31.58293],[68.55693,31.71331],[68.92668,31.62019],[69.31776,31.90141],[69.26252,32.50194],[69.68715,33.1055],[70.32359,33.35853],[69.93054,34.02012],[70.8818,33.98886],[71.15677,34.34891],[71.11502,34.73313],[71.61308,35.1532],[71.49877,35.65056],[71.26235,36.07439],[71.84629,36.50994],[72.92002,36.72001],[74.06755,36.83618],[74.57589,37.02084],[75.15803,37.13303]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Pakistan\"}}]}","contact":"

Director, David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
1300 SE Cardinal Court, Building 10, Suite 100
Vancouver, Washington, 98683-9589

","tableOfContents":"","publishedDate":"2006-03-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denlinger, Roger P. 0000-0003-0930-0635 roger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-0635","contributorId":2679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"Roger","email":"roger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connell, Daniel R.H.","contributorId":199112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Connell","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.H.","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":768511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Matt","contributorId":218164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":768512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006982,"text":"70006982 - 2006 - Renesting by dusky Canada geese on the Copper River Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-03T14:20:02","indexId":"70006982","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Renesting by dusky Canada geese on the Copper River Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"

The population of dusky Canada geese (Branta canadensis occidentalis; hereafter duskies) breeding on the Copper River Delta (CRD), Alaska, USA, has been in long-term decline, largely as a result of reduced productivity. Estimates of renesting rates by duskies may be useful for adjusting estimates of the size of the breeding population derived from aerial surveys and for understanding population dynamics. We used a marked population of dusky females to obtain estimates of renesting propensity and renesting interval on the CRD, 1999–2000. Continuation nests, replacement nests initiated without a break in the laying sequence, resulted only after first nests were destroyed in the laying stage with ≤4 eggs laid. Renesting propensity declined with nest age from 72% in mid-laying to 30% in early incubation. Between first nests and renests, mean interval was 11.9 ± 0.6 days, mean distance was 74.5 m (range 0–214 m), and clutch size declined 0.9 ± 0.4 eggs. We incorporated our renesting estimates and available estimates of other nesting parameters into an individual-based model to predict the proportion of first nests, continuation nests, and renests, and to examine female success on the CRD, 1997–2000. Our model predicted that 19–36% of nests each year were continuation nests and renests. Also, through 15 May (the approx. date of breeding ground surveys), 1.1–1.3 nests were initiated per female. Thus, the number of nests per female would have a significant, though relatively consistent, effect on adjusting the relation between numbers of nests found on ground surveys versus numbers of birds seen during aerial surveys. We also suggest a method that managers could use to predict nests per female using nest success of early nests. Our model predicted that relative to observed estimates of nest success, female success was 32–100% greater, due to replacement nests. Thus, although nest success remains low, production for duskies was higher than previously thought. For dusky Canada geese, managers need to consider both continuation nests and renests in designing surveys and in calculating adjustment factors for the expansion of aerial survey data using nest densities.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[955:RBDCGO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fondell, T.F., Grand, J.B., Miller, D.A., and Anthony, R.M., 2006, Renesting by dusky Canada geese on the Copper River Delta, Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 4, p. 955-964, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[955:RBDCGO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"955","endPage":"964","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258065,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[955:RBDCGO]2.0.CO;2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Copper River Delta","volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa73fe4b0c8380cd852e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fondell, Thomas F. tfondell@usgs.gov","contributorId":50771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fondell","given":"Thomas","email":"tfondell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, David A.W. davidmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":4043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"davidmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.W.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":355611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anthony, R. Michael","contributorId":16057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70007008,"text":"70007008 - 2006 - Persistent organic pollutants in Alaskan ringed seal (Phoca hispida) and walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) blubber","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-17T13:02:56","indexId":"70007008","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T10:28:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2259,"text":"Journal of Environmental Monitoring","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistent organic pollutants in Alaskan ringed seal (Phoca hispida) and walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) blubber","docAbstract":"

Since 1987, the Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project (AMMTAP) has collected tissues from 18 marine mammal species. Specimens are archived in the National Institute of Standards and Technology's National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank (NIST-NBSB). AMMTAP has collected blubber, liver and/or kidney specimens from a number of ringed seals (Phoca hispida) from the areas near Nome and Barrow, Alaska and walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) from several locations in the Bering Sea. Thirty-three ringed seal and 15 walrus blubber samples from the NIST-NBSB were analyzed for persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The compounds determined included PCBs (28 congeners or congener groups), DDT and related compounds, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), chlordanes, dieldrin, and mirex. POP concentrations in ringed seal blubber were significantly higher in Barrow than in Nome when statistically accounting for the interaction of age and gender; HCB, however, was not statistically different between the two locations. Unlike males, POP concentrations and age were not significantly correlated in females probably as a result of lactational loss. POP concentrations in walrus blubber were lower than in ringed seal blubber for ΣPCBs, chlordanes, and HCHs, but higher for dieldrin and mirex. POP concentrations in ringed seals and walrus from Alaska provide further evidence that the western Arctic tends to have lower or similar POP concentrations compared to the eastern Canadian Arctic.

","language":"English","publisher":"RSC Publishing","publisherLocation":"London, U.K.","doi":"10.1039/B602379G","usgsCitation":"Kucklick, J.R., Krahn, M.M., Becker, P.R., Porter, B.J., Schantz, M.M., York, G.S., O'Hara, T., and Wise, S.A., 2006, Persistent organic pollutants in Alaskan ringed seal (Phoca hispida) and walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) blubber: Journal of Environmental Monitoring, v. 8, p. 848-854, https://doi.org/10.1039/B602379G.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"848","endPage":"854","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76fae4b0c8380cd783c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kucklick, John R.","contributorId":103519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucklick","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":25356,"text":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":355656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krahn, Margaret M.","contributorId":52025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krahn","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Becker, Paul R.","contributorId":27309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Becker","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":25356,"text":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":355650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Porter, Barbara J.","contributorId":81746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porter","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":25356,"text":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":355655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schantz, Michele M.","contributorId":21027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schantz","given":"Michele","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"York, Geoffrey S.","contributorId":40467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"York","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O'Hara, Todd M.","contributorId":34768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O'Hara","given":"Todd M.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":355651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wise, Stephen A.","contributorId":64503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wise","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":25356,"text":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":355654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70038746,"text":"70038746 - 2006 - Reply to the discussion by F. Lagroix and S.K. Banerjee of \"Geochemical evidence for the origin of late Quaternary loess in central Alaska\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-04T01:02:11","indexId":"70038746","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:21:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to the discussion by F. Lagroix and S.K. Banerjee of \"Geochemical evidence for the origin of late Quaternary loess in central Alaska\"","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Ontario","doi":"10.1139/e06-129","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D.R., and Budahn, J.R., 2006, Reply to the discussion by F. Lagroix and S.K. Banerjee of \"Geochemical evidence for the origin of late Quaternary loess in central Alaska\": Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 43, no. 12, p. 1891-1895, https://doi.org/10.1139/e06-129.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1891","endPage":"1895","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257689,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e06-129","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"43","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa771e4b0c8380cd8540e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":1857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budahn, James R. 0000-0001-9794-8882 jbudahn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":1175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"James","email":"jbudahn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176792,"text":"70176792 - 2006 - Basaltic thermals and Subplinian plumes: Constraints from acoustic measurements at Shishaldin volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-05T16:51:46","indexId":"70176792","displayToPublicDate":"2011-02-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basaltic thermals and Subplinian plumes: Constraints from acoustic measurements at Shishaldin volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"

The 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano (Alaska, USA) included both Strombolian and Subplinian activity, as well as a “pre-Subplinian” phase interpreted as the local coalescence within a long foam in the conduit. Although few visual observations were made of the eruption, a great deal of information regarding gas velocity, gas flux at the vent and plume height may be inferred by using acoustic recordings of the eruption. By relating acoustic power to gas velocity, a time series of gas velocity is calculated for the Subplinian and pre-Subplinian phases. These time series show trends in gas velocity that are interpreted as plumes or, for those signals lasting only a short time, thermals. The Subplinian phase is shown to be composed of a thermal followed by five plumes with a total expelled gas volume of ≈1.5×107m3\">≈1.5×107m3.

The initiation of the Subplinian activity is probably related to the arrival of a large overpressurised bubble close to the top of the magma column. A gradual increase in low-frequency (0.01–0.5 Hz) signal prior to this “trigger bubble” may be due to the rise of the bubble in the conduit. This delay corresponds to a reservoir located at ≈3.9 km below the surface, in good agreement with studies on other volcanoes.

The presence of two thermal phases is also identified in the middle of the pre-Subplinian phase with a total gas release of ≈4.3×106m3\">≈4.3×106m3 and ≈3.6×106m3\">≈3.6×106m3. Gas velocity at the vent is found to be ≈82m.s−1\">≈82m.s−1 and ≈90m.s−1\">≈90m.s−1 for the Subplinian plumes and the pre-Subplinian thermals respectively.

The agreement is very good between estimates of the gas flux from modelling the plume height and those obtained from acoustic measurements, leading to a new method by which eruption physical parameters may be quantified. Furthermore, direct measurements of gas velocity can be used for better estimates of the SO2\">SO2 flux released during the eruption.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International ","doi":"10.1007/s00445-005-0035-4","usgsCitation":"Vergniolle, S., and Caplan-Auerbach, J., 2006, Basaltic thermals and Subplinian plumes: Constraints from acoustic measurements at Shishaldin volcano, Alaska: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 68, no. 7, p. 611-630, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-005-0035-4.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"611","endPage":"630","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":329354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Shishaldin volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165,\n 54.3\n ],\n [\n -165,\n 55.3\n ],\n [\n -162.3,\n 55.3\n ],\n [\n -162.3,\n 54.3\n ],\n [\n -165,\n 54.3\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8d1be4b0824b2d14b081","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vergniolle, Sylvie","contributorId":175169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vergniolle","given":"Sylvie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caplan-Auerbach, Jacqueline","contributorId":17848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caplan-Auerbach","given":"Jacqueline","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79827,"text":"ds195 - 2006 - USGS Streamgages Linked to the Medium Resolution NHD","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:39","indexId":"ds195","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"195","title":"USGS Streamgages Linked to the Medium Resolution NHD","docAbstract":"The locations of approximately 23,000 current and historical U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages in the United States and Puerto Rico (with the exception of Alaska) have been snapped to the medium resolution National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). The NHD contains geospatial information about mapped surface-water features, such as streams, lakes, and reservoirs, etc., creating a hydrologic network that can be used to determine what is upstream or downstream from a point of interest on the NHD network. An automated snapping process made the initial determination of the NHD location of each streamgage. These initial NHD locations were comprehensively reviewed by local USGS personnel to ensure that streamgages were snapped to the correct NHD reaches. About 75 percent of the streamgages snapped to the appropriate NHD reach location initially and 25 percent required adjustment and relocation. This process resulted in approximately 23,000 gages being successfully snapped to the NHD.\r\n\r\nThis dataset contains the latitude and longitude coordinates of the point on the NHD to which the streamgage is snapped and the location of the gage house for each streamgage. A process known as indexing may be used to create reference points (event tables) to the NHD reaches, expressed as a reach code and measure (distance along the reach). Indexing is dependent on the version of NHD to which the indexing is referenced. These data are well suited for use in indexing because nearly all the streamgage NHD locations have been reviewed and adjusted if necessary, to ensure they will index to the appropriate NHD reach.\r\n\r\nFlow characteristics were computed from the daily streamflow data recorded at each streamgage for the period of record. The flow characteristics associated with each streamgage include:\r\n\r\n*First date (year, month, day) of streamflow data\r\n*Last date (year, month, day) of streamflow data\r\n*Number of days of streamflow data\r\n*Number of days of non-zero streamflow data\r\n*Minimum and maximum daily flow for the period of record (cubic feet per second)\r\n*Percentiles (1, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, 75, 80, 90, 95, 99) of daily flow for the period of record (cubic feet per second)\r\n*Average and standard deviation of daily flow for the period of record (cubic feet per second)\r\n*Mean annual base-flow index (BFI) computed for the period of record (fraction, ranging from 0 to 1)\r\n*Year-to-year standard deviation of the annual base-flow index computed for the period of record (fraction)\r\n*Number of years of data used to compute the base-flow index (years)\r\n\r\nThe streamflow data used to compute flow characteristics were copied from the NWIS-Web historical daily discharge archive (nadww01.er.usgs.gov:/www/htdocs/nwisweb/data/discharge) on June 15, 2005.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ds195","usgsCitation":"Stewart, D.W., Rea, A., and Wolock, D.M., 2006, USGS Streamgages Linked to the Medium Resolution NHD: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 195, Online Only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds195.","productDescription":"Online Only","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9523,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/streamgages.xml","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db6122cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, David W. dwstewar@usgs.gov","contributorId":2390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"David","email":"dwstewar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rea, Alan","contributorId":41018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"Alan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79619,"text":"ofr20061391 - 2006 - Gravity and Aeromagnetic Gradients within the Yukon-Tanana Upland, Black Mountain Tectonic Zone, Big Delta Quadrangle, east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:11","indexId":"ofr20061391","displayToPublicDate":"2007-02-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1391","title":"Gravity and Aeromagnetic Gradients within the Yukon-Tanana Upland, Black Mountain Tectonic Zone, Big Delta Quadrangle, east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"The Yukon-Tanana Upland is a complex composite assemblage of variably metamorphosed crystalline rocks with strong North American affinities. At the broadest scale, the Upland has a relatively neutral magnetic character. More detailed examination, however, reveals a fundamental northeast-southwest-trending magnetic gradient, representing a 20-nT step (as measured at a flight height of 300 m) with higher values to the northwest, that extends from the Denali fault to the Tintina fault and bisects the Upland. This newly recognized geophysical gradient is parallel to, but about 100 km east of, the Shaw Creek fault. The Shaw Creek fault is mapped as a major left-lateral, strike-slip fault, but does not coincide with a geophysical boundary. \r\n\r\nA gravity gradient coincides loosely with the southwestern half of the magnetic gradient. This gravity gradient is the eastern boundary of a 30-mGal residual gravity high that occupies much of the western and central portions of the Big Delta quadrangle. The adjacent lower gravity values to the east correlate, at least in part, with mapped post-metamorphic granitic rocks. \r\n\r\nGround-based gravity and physical property measurements were made in the southeastern- most section of the Big Delta quadrangle in 2004 to investigate these geophysical features. Preliminary geophysical models suggest that the magnetic boundary is deeper and more fundamental than the gravity boundary. The two geophysical boundaries coincide in and around the Tibbs Creek region, an area of interest to mineral exploration. A newly mapped tectonic zone (the Black Mountain tectonic zone of O'Neill and others, 2005) correlates with the coincident geophysical boundaries. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061391","usgsCitation":"Saltus, R.W., and Day, W.C., 2006, Gravity and Aeromagnetic Gradients within the Yukon-Tanana Upland, Black Mountain Tectonic Zone, Big Delta Quadrangle, east-central Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1391, poster, 72 by 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061391.","productDescription":"poster, 72 by 36 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9245,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1391/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68876d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, W. C.","contributorId":6876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79567,"text":"fs20063148 - 2006 - Ground water in the Anchorage area, Alaska: Meeting the challenges of ground-water sustainability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-23T21:13:14.063442","indexId":"fs20063148","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3148","title":"Ground water in the Anchorage area, Alaska: Meeting the challenges of ground-water sustainability","docAbstract":"

Ground water is an important component of Anchorage's water supply. During the 1970s and early 80s when ground water extracted from aquifers near Ship Creek was the principal source of supply, area-wide declines in ground-water levels resulted in near record low streamflows in Ship Creek. Since the importation of Eklutna Lake water in the late 1980s, ground-water use has been reduced and ground water has contributed 14-30 percent of the annual supply. As Anchorage grows, given the current constraints on the Eklutna Lake water availability, the increasing demand for water could place an increasing reliance on local ground-water resources. The sustainability of Anchorage's ground-water resources challenges stakeholders to develop a comprehensive water-resources management strategy.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20063148","usgsCitation":"Moran, E.H., and Galloway, D.L., 2006, Ground water in the Anchorage area, Alaska: Meeting the challenges of ground-water sustainability: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3148, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063148.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388386,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_80478.htm"},{"id":126318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3148.jpg"},{"id":9187,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3148/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Anchorage","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.7161865234375,\n 61.37830478538427\n ],\n [\n -149.7381591796875,\n 61.326951166839436\n ],\n [\n -149.81231689453125,\n 61.31640667426079\n ],\n [\n -149.93041992187497,\n 61.21473438478493\n ],\n [\n -150.01556396484375,\n 61.20415215066404\n ],\n [\n -150.07598876953125,\n 61.15251280656683\n ],\n [\n -149.76837158203125,\n 61.03169171684717\n ],\n [\n -149.52117919921875,\n 61.35198012139042\n ],\n [\n -149.7161865234375,\n 61.37830478538427\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dd21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, Edward H. emoran@usgs.gov","contributorId":5445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Edward","email":"emoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, Devin L. 0000-0003-0904-5355 dlgallow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Devin","email":"dlgallow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79532,"text":"sim2931 - 2006 - The occurrence of volatile organic compounds in aquifers of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T14:21:57","indexId":"sim2931","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2931","title":"The occurrence of volatile organic compounds in aquifers of the United States","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program recently completed a national assessment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water (Zogorski and others, 2006). As part of this assessment, samples of ambient ground water collected from 3,498 wells during 1985-2002 were selected for characterizing the occurrence of 55 VOCs in 98 aquifer studies. The 55 VOCs were assigned to the following groups on the basis of their primary usage (or origin): (1) fumigants, (2) gasoline hydrocarbons, (3) gasoline oxygenates, (4) organic synthesis compounds, (5) refrigerants, (6) solvents, and (7) trihalo-methanes (chlorination by-products).\r\n\r\nThe samples were collected throughout the conterminous United States as well as Alaska and Hawaii. The sampled wells had a variety of uses including domestic supply (61 percent), public supply (15 percent), monitoring (10 percent), other (13 percent), and unknown (1 percent).\r\n\r\nNAWQA aquifer studies are large-scale resource assessments of ground water that provide a general characterization of water-quality conditions in locally and regionally important aquifers or portions thereof. In general, the aquifers (or portions thereof) selected for study were some of the most intensively used aquifers for drinking water in greaterHawaiiOahuAlaskathe Nation. The 98 aquifer studies collectively provide an important national perspective on the current (1985-2002) extent of VOC contamination and regional patterns of VOC occurrence in ground water. More information about this national assessment of VOCs is available at a supporting Web site (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/vocs/national_assessment).\r\n\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2931","usgsCitation":"Lapham, W.W., Carter, J.M., Zogorski, J.S., and Valder, J., 2006, The occurrence of volatile organic compounds in aquifers of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2931, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2931.","productDescription":"1 p.","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110695,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78845.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"78845"},{"id":193312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9092,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2006/2931/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67af62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lapham, Wayne W.","contributorId":74734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapham","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Janet M. 0000-0002-6376-3473 jmcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-3473","contributorId":339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Janet","email":"jmcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zogorski, John S. jszogors@usgs.gov","contributorId":189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"John","email":"jszogors@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valder, Joshua F. 0000-0003-3733-8868 jvalder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3733-8868","contributorId":1431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valder","given":"Joshua F.","email":"jvalder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79531,"text":"sim2937 - 2006 - Occurrence of volatile organic compounds in selected urban streams in the United States, 1995-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T14:23:00","indexId":"sim2937","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2937","title":"Occurrence of volatile organic compounds in selected urban streams in the United States, 1995-2003","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program sampled 37 urban streams throughout the United States for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from 1995 to 2003. These urban streams were selected to (1) characterize stream water quality from areas draining predominantly residential and commercial land uses and (2) determine which natural and human factors affect stream quality. Initial interpretation of the VOC data set is focused on determining which VOCs commonly are found, the range of concentrations, and the temporal distribution (Lopes and Price, 1997).\r\n\r\nThe 37 urban streams sampled had drainage areas that ranged from 23 to 13,000 square kilometers with a median of 71 square kilometers. The urban streams are located in eight major surface-water regions within the conterminous United States, Alaska, and Hawaii. The urban streams were sampled for VOCs monthly for about 1 year with some storm samples collected at selected sites (Lopes and Price, 1997). A total of 869 samples (410 samples in the warmer months and 459 samples in the cooler months) were collected and were analyzed for 85 individual VOCs. Data are available at http://infotrek.er.usgs.gov/pls/nawqa/nawqa.home\r\n\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2937","usgsCitation":"Bender, D.A., Price, C.V., and Valder, J., 2006, Occurrence of volatile organic compounds in selected urban streams in the United States, 1995-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2937, 1 p. (36 x 36 inches), https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2937.","productDescription":"1 p. (36 x 36 inches)","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9093,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2006/2937/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110696,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78846.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"78846"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af6e4b07f02db692a7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bender, David A. 0000-0002-1269-0948 dabender@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1269-0948","contributorId":985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"David","email":"dabender@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Price, Curtis V. 0000-0002-4315-3539 cprice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-3539","contributorId":983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Curtis","email":"cprice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valder, Joshua F. 0000-0003-3733-8868 jvalder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3733-8868","contributorId":1431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valder","given":"Joshua F.","email":"jvalder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70242798,"text":"70242798 - 2006 - Integrated seismic monitoring of the Atwood Building, Anchorage (AK) and recorded earthquake responses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-18T16:31:00.169837","indexId":"70242798","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-31T11:21:08","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Integrated seismic monitoring of the Atwood Building, Anchorage (AK) and recorded earthquake responses","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake engineering, US national conference, 8th 2006","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"8th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering 2006","conferenceDate":"April 18-22, 2006","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","usgsCitation":"Celebi, M., 2006, Integrated seismic monitoring of the Atwood Building, Anchorage (AK) and recorded earthquake responses, in Earthquake engineering, US national conference, 8th 2006, v. 13, San Francisco, CA, April 18-22, 2006, p. 7522-7531.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"7522","endPage":"7531","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415926,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Anchorage","otherGeospatial":"Atwood building","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.8948300601558,\n 61.21612293796227\n ],\n [\n -149.8948300601558,\n 61.21363525092329\n ],\n [\n -149.88955685939496,\n 61.21363525092329\n ],\n [\n -149.88955685939496,\n 61.21612293796227\n ],\n [\n -149.8948300601558,\n 61.21612293796227\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Celebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":200969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Celebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":869806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187754,"text":"70187754 - 2006 - Inventory of montane-nesting birds in the Arctic Network of National Parks, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T01:18:58.124736","indexId":"70187754","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"NPS/AKRARCN/NRTR-2006/02","title":"Inventory of montane-nesting birds in the Arctic Network of National Parks, Alaska","docAbstract":"

The Alaska Science Center of the U.S. Geological Survey conducted an inventory of birds in montane areas of the four northern parks in the Arctic Network of National Parks, Alaska. This effort represents the first comprehensive assessment of breeding range and habitat associations for the majority of avian species in the Arctic Network. Ultimately, these data provide a framework upon which to design future monitoring programs.

A stratified random sampling design was used to select sample plots (n = 73 plots) that were allocated in proportion to the availability of ecological subsections. Point counts (n = 1,652) were conducted to quantify abundance, distribution, and habitat associations of birds. Field work occurred over three years (2001 to 2003) during two-week-long sessions in late May through early June that coincided with peak courtship activity of breeding birds.

Totals of 53 species were recorded in Cape Krusenstern National Monument, 91 in Noatak National Preserve, 57 in Kobuk Valley National Park, and 96 in Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve. Substantial proportions of species in individual parks are considered species of conservation concern (18 to 26%) or species of stewardship responsibility of the land managers in the region (8 to 18%). The most commonly detected passerines on point counts included Redpoll spp. (Carduelis flammea and C. hornemanni), Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), and American Tree Sparrow (Spizella arborea). The most numerous shorebirds were American Golden-Plover (Pluvialis dominica), Wilson’s Snipe (Gallinago delicata), and Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus). Most species were detected at low rates, reflecting the low breeding densities (and/or low detectabilities) of birds in the montane Arctic. Suites of species were associated with particular ranges of elevation and showed strong associations with particular habitat types.

","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","usgsCitation":"Tibbitts, T.L., Ruthrauff, D.R., Gill, R., and Handel, C.M., 2006, Inventory of montane-nesting birds in the Arctic Network of National Parks, Alaska, xiv, 142 p.","productDescription":"xiv, 142 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341414,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2166516"},{"id":341416,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -186.50390625,\n 58.859223547066584\n ],\n [\n -150.1611328125,\n 58.859223547066584\n ],\n [\n -150.1611328125,\n 71.08830477016483\n ],\n [\n -186.50390625,\n 71.08830477016483\n ],\n [\n -186.50390625,\n 58.859223547066584\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bb9e4b0b7ff9fb4897b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tibbitts, T. Lee 0000-0002-0290-7592 ltibbitts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-7592","contributorId":140455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"T.","email":"ltibbitts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":4181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187781,"text":"70187781 - 2006 - Development of airborne remote sensing methods for surveys of Pacific walrus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T17:37:20","indexId":"70187781","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5,"text":"BOEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"MMS 2006-003","title":"Development of airborne remote sensing methods for surveys of Pacific walrus","docAbstract":"

In April 2003, we conducted an operational test of an airborne multispectral scanner (AMS) over pack ice in the Bering Sea to evaluate the potential of this system as a survey tool for Pacific walruses. We scanned a total of 28,875 km2 of sea ice habitat at a spatial resolution of 4 m and collected high resolution photographs from a subset of the thermally detected walrus groups. We found a significant positive relationship between walrus group size and the amount of heat measured by the AMS and used this relationship to estimate total walrus numbers in the survey area. The number of walruses hauled out onto sea ice in our study area was estimated at 4,785 animals with a 95% confidence interval of 2,499–7,111. We believe that the AMS system as configured for this study would be a highly effective tool for surveying large areas of sea ice habitat for walrus groups. With a 6 km swath width, it should be possible to sample more 10,000 km2 in an 8-hr flight. Although walrus groups > 4 animals were easily detected and enumerated in the 4 m thermal data, the system was unable to detect individual walruses or seals (Phoca spp. and Erignathus barbatus). We found that most (94.6%) of the walruses photographed in our survey area occurred in groups > 6 animals, therefore we expect the magnitude of any bias due to undetected groups of hauled out animals would be relatively small.

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M.A.","contributorId":28205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webber","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garlich-Miller, Joel L.","contributorId":10696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garlich-Miller","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79519,"text":"ofr20051306 - 2006 - Continuous resistivity profiling data from the upper Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, 2004-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T19:16:44.746441","indexId":"ofr20051306","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File 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The Neuse River Estuary in North Carolina has suffered impacts of eutrophication in recent years. As part of a larger project to better constrain nutrient budgets in the estuary, field investigations were performed to study occurrence and discharge of fresh and brackish ground water and nutrients beneath the estuary itself (fig. 1). A Continuous Resistivity Profiling (CRP) system (Manheim and others, 2004) was used to map the depth of the freshwater-saltwater interface (FSI) in sub-estuarine groundwater. This study area serves as a typological representation of a submarine groundwater environment characteristic of a shallow estuary in a wide coastal plain that has not experienced glaciation. Similar settings extend from New Jersey to Georgia, and along the Gulf of Mexico in the U.S. This report archives 29 lines of data collected during 2004 and 2005 surveys representing almost 210 km of survey lines. These data are further explained in the Data Processing section of the report and previews available of the processed data are available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051306","usgsCitation":"Cross, V.A., Bratton, J.F., Bergeron, E., Meunier, J.K., Crusius, J., and Koopmans, D., 2006, Continuous resistivity profiling data from the upper Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, 2004-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1306, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051306.","productDescription":"HTML Document","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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jbratton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0376-4981","contributorId":92757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"John","email":"jbratton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergeron, Emile M. ebergeron@usgs.gov","contributorId":3449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergeron","given":"Emile M.","email":"ebergeron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meunier, Jeff K.","contributorId":29753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meunier","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koopmans, Dirk","contributorId":33647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koopmans","given":"Dirk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":79516,"text":"ofr20061157 - 2006 - Alaska resource data file, Noatak quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-21T18:04:08.026616","indexId":"ofr20061157","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1157","title":"Alaska resource data file, Noatak quadrangle","docAbstract":"

This report gives descriptions of the mineral occurrences in the Noatak 1:250,000-scale quadrangle, Alaska. The data presented here are maintained as part of a statewide database on mines, prospects and mineral occurrences throughout Alaska.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061157","usgsCitation":"Grybeck, D.J., and Dumoulin, J.A., 2006, Alaska resource data file, Noatak quadrangle (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1157, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061157.","productDescription":"19 p.","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":484076,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78840.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":484077,"rank":4,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9070,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1157/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":194616,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":486308,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1157/of2006-1157.pdf","text":"Report","size":"156 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2006-1157 PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Noatak quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165.25,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -165.25,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -162,\n 67\n ],\n [\n -162,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -165.25,\n 68\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db688f3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grybeck, Donald J.","contributorId":20013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grybeck","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79487,"text":"ofr20061272 - 2006 - Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Rhode Island and Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-09T21:04:09.713268","indexId":"ofr20061272","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1272","title":"Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Rhode Island and Vermont","docAbstract":"The rapid growth in the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has highlighted the need for regional and national scale digital geologic maps that have standardized information about geologic age and lithology. Such maps can be conveniently used to generate derivative maps for manifold special purposes such as mineral-resource assessment, metallogenic studies, tectonic studies, and environmental research. Although two digital geologic maps (Schruben and others, 1994; Reed and Bush, 2004) of the United States currently exist, their scales (1:2,500,000 and 1:5,000,000) are too general for many regional applications. Most states have digital geologic maps at scales of about 1:500,000, but the databases are not comparably structured and, thus, it is difficult to use the digital database for more than one state at a time. This report describes the result for a seven state region of an effort by the U.S. Geological Survey to produce a series of integrated and standardized state geologic map databases that cover the entire United States.\r\nIn 1997, the United States Geological Survey's Mineral Resources Program initiated the National Surveys and Analysis (NSA) Project to develop national digital databases. One primary activity of this project was to compile a national digital geologic map database, utilizing state geologic maps, to support studies in the range of 1:250,000- to 1:1,000,000-scale. To accomplish this, state databases were prepared using a common standard for the database structure, fields, attribution, and data dictionaries. For Alaska and Hawaii new state maps are being prepared and the preliminary work for Alaska is being released as a series of 1:250,000 scale quadrangle reports.\r\nThis document provides background information and documentation for the integrated geologic map databases of this report. This report is one of a series of such reports releasing preliminary standardized geologic map databases for the United States. The data products of the project consist of two main parts, the spatial databases and a set of supplemental tables relating to geologic map units. The datasets serve as a data resource to generate a variety of stratigraphic, age, and lithologic maps.\r\nThis documentation is divided into four main sections: (1) description of the set of data files provided in this report, (2) specifications of the spatial databases, (3) specifications of the supplemental tables, and (4) an appendix containing the data dictionaries used to populate some fields of the spatial database and supplemental tables.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061272","usgsCitation":"Nicholson, S.W., Dicken, C.L., Horton, J.D., Foose, M.P., Mueller, J.A., and Hon, R., 2006, Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Rhode Island and Vermont (Version 1.1, Updated Dec 2007): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1272, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061272.","productDescription":"HTML 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0000-0002-1617-8132 cdicken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1617-8132","contributorId":57098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dicken","given":"Connie","email":"cdicken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horton, John D. 0000-0003-2969-9073 jhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-9073","contributorId":1227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"John","email":"jhorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foose, Michael P. mfoose@usgs.gov","contributorId":4756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foose","given":"Michael","email":"mfoose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mueller, Julia A. L.","contributorId":43861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hon, Rudi","contributorId":95153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hon","given":"Rudi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":79486,"text":"ofr20061156 - 2006 - Alaska resource data file: Point Lay quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-21T18:06:06.719994","indexId":"ofr20061156","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1156","title":"Alaska resource data file: Point Lay quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"This report gives descriptions of the mineral occurrences in the Point Lay 1:250,000-scale quadrangle, Alaska. The data presented here are maintained as part of a statewide database on mines, prospects and mineral occurrences throughout Alaska.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061156","usgsCitation":"Grybeck, D.J., 2006, Alaska resource data file: Point Lay quadrangle, Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1156, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061156.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486309,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1156/of2006-1156.pdf","text":"Report","size":"95.7 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2006-1156"},{"id":484080,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78839.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9071,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1156/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":484081,"rank":4,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Point Lay quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -165,69 ], [ -165,70 ], [ -162,70 ], [ -162,69 ], [ -165,69 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688ea4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grybeck, Donald J.","contributorId":20013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grybeck","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79467,"text":"ofr20061361 - 2006 - Aqueous geochemical data from the analysis of stream-water samples collected in June and July 2005 — Taylor Mountains 1:250,000 scale quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-16T19:03:22.335279","indexId":"ofr20061361","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1361","title":"Aqueous geochemical data from the analysis of stream-water samples collected in June and July 2005 — Taylor Mountains 1:250,000 scale quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"

We report on the chemical analysis of water samples collected from the Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-scale quadrangle. Parameters for which data are reported include pH, conductivity, water temperature, major cation and anion concentrations, trace-element concentrations, and dissolved organic-carbon concentrations. Samples were collected as part of a multiyear U.S. Geological Survey project \"Geologic and Mineral Deposit Data for Alaskan Economic Development.\" Data presented here are from samples collected in June and July of 2005. The data are being released at this time with minimal interpretation. This is the second release of aqueous geochemical data from this project; 2004 aqueous geochemical data were published previously (Wang and others, 2006). The data in this report augment but do not duplicate or supersede the previous data release. Site selection was based on a regional sampling strategy that focused on first- and second-order drainages. Water sample site selection was based on landscape parameters that included physiography, wetland extent, lithological changes, and a cursory field review of mineralogy from pan concentrates. Stream water in the Taylor Mountians quadrangle is dominated by bicarbonate (HCO3-), though in a few samples more than 50 percent of the anionic charge can be attributed to sulfate (SO42-). The major-cation chemistry ranges from Ca2+/Mg2+ dominated to a mix of Ca2+/Mg2+/Na++K+. In general, good agreement was found between the major cations and anions in the duplicate samples. Many trace elements in these samples were at or near the analytical method detection limit, but good agreement was found between duplicate samples for elements with detectable concentrations. With the exception of a total mercury concentration of 0.33 ng/L detected in a field blank, field blank major-ion and trace-elements concentrations were below detection.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061361","usgsCitation":"Wang, B., Mueller, S., Stetson, S., Bailey, E., and Lee, G., 2006, Aqueous geochemical data from the analysis of stream-water samples collected in June and July 2005 — Taylor Mountains 1:250,000 scale quadrangle, Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1361, Report: 5 p.; 2 Tables; 2 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061361.","productDescription":"Report: 5 p.; 2 Tables; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-06-01","temporalEnd":"2005-07-31","costCenters":[{"id":386,"text":"Mineral Resources - Alaska","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402293,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78740.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9006,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1361/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9012,"rank":1000,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1306/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9011,"rank":1000,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1070/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9010,"rank":1000,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1175/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Taylor Mountains quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159,60 ], [ -159,61 ], [ -156,61 ], [ -156,60 ], [ -159,60 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db67a01b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Bronwen 0000-0003-1044-2227 bwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-2227","contributorId":2351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Bronwen","email":"bwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, Seth","contributorId":65441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Seth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stetson, Sarah sstetson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stetson","given":"Sarah","email":"sstetson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bailey, Elizabeth","contributorId":61011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, Greg","contributorId":68272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Greg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":79466,"text":"ofr20061306 - 2006 - Major- and Trace-Element Concentrations in Rock Samples Collected in 2005 from the Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-scale Quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:38","indexId":"ofr20061306","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1306","title":"Major- and Trace-Element Concentrations in Rock Samples Collected in 2005 from the Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-scale Quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"The data consist of major- and minor-element concentrations for rock samples collected during 2005 by the U.S. Geological Survey. Samples were analyzed by fire assay (Au, Pd, Pt), cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy (Hg), and the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) 10 and 42 element methods. For details of sample preparation and analytical techniques see USGS Open File Report 02-0223 (Analytical methods for chemical analysis of geologic and other materials, U.S. Geological Survey), available at . ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061306","collaboration":"This is one of four chem-data reports on the Taylor Mountains quads: \r\nhttp://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1361/\r\nhttp://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1175/\r\nhttp://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1070/","usgsCitation":"Klimasauskas, E.P., Miller, M.L., Bradley, D., Bundtzen, T.K., and Hudson, T.L., 2006, Major- and Trace-Element Concentrations in Rock Samples Collected in 2005 from the Taylor Mountains 1:250,000-scale Quadrangle, Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1306, iii, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061306.","productDescription":"iii, 6 p.","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":386,"text":"Mineral Resources - Alaska","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9002,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1306/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9003,"rank":1000,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1361/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9004,"rank":1000,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1175/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9005,"rank":1000,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1070/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159,60 ], [ -159,61 ], [ -156,61 ], [ -156,60 ], [ -159,60 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6496c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klimasauskas, Edward P.","contributorId":80366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klimasauskas","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bundtzen, Tom K.","contributorId":57163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bundtzen","given":"Tom","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudson, Travis L.","contributorId":28288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":79462,"text":"fs20063141 - 2006 - A Century of Retreat at Portage Glacier, South-Central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-07T11:50:10","indexId":"fs20063141","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3141","title":"A Century of Retreat at Portage Glacier, South-Central Alaska","docAbstract":"

Introduction: The Portage Glacier, in south-central Alaska, is viewed by thousands of visitors annually who come to the U.S. Forest Service Begich, Boggs Visitor Center located on the road system between Anchorage and Whittier, Alaska. During the past century, the terminus of the glacier has retreated nearly 5 kilometers to its present location (fig. 1). Like other glaciers that terminate in water, such as Columbia Glacier near Valdez or Mendenhall Glacier near Juneau, Portage Glacier has experienced accelerated retreats in recent decades that likely were initially triggered by climate change begun at the end of the Little Ice Age in the mid-1800s and subsequently controlled in recent history primarily by calving of the glacier terminus. Photographic records of the terminus covering 1914 until present day track the patterns of retreat. These data, coupled with USGS climate information collected from the southern end of the ice field, provide insight to the patterns of retreat that might be observed in the future.

","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/fs20063141","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, B., Trabant, D.C., and Mayo, L.R., 2006, A Century of Retreat at Portage Glacier, South-Central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3141, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063141.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2006_3141.jpg"},{"id":8999,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3141/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd494de4b0b290850ef094","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, Ben W.","contributorId":104519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Ben W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trabant, Dennis C.","contributorId":13965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trabant","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayo, Lawrence R.","contributorId":98344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayo","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79455,"text":"sim2817D - 2006 - Geologic map of the Utukok River quadrangle, Alaska ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T11:39:40","indexId":"sim2817D","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2817","chapter":"D","title":"Geologic map of the Utukok River quadrangle, Alaska ","docAbstract":"This map is a product of the USGS Digital Geologic Maps of Northern Alaska project, which captures in digital format quadrangles across the entire width of northern Alaska. Sources include geologic maps previously published in hardcopy format and recent updates and revisions based on field mapping by the Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys and Division of Oil and Gas, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Individual quadrangles are digitized at either 1:125,000 or 1:250,000 depending on the resolution of source maps. The project objective is to produce a set of digital geologic maps with uniform stratigraphic nomenclature and structural annotation, and publish those maps electronically.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim2817D","isbn":"9781411310605","usgsCitation":"Mull, C.G., Houseknecht, D.W., Pessel, G.H., and Garrity, C.P., 2006, Geologic map of the Utukok River quadrangle, Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2817, ReadMe; Map Sheet: 32 x 35 inches; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2817D.","productDescription":"ReadMe; Map Sheet: 32 x 35 inches; Data Files","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9078,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2006/2817d/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110691,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78789.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"78789"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -162,70 ], [ -162,69 ], [ -159,69 ], [ -159,70 ], [ -162,70 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a83f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mull, Charles G.","contributorId":49343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mull","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pessel, G. 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Mount Spurr, a 3,374-m-high stratovolcano in the Cook Inlet region of Alaska, showed signs of volcanic unrest beginning in 2004 and lasting through 2006. These signs included increases in heat flow, seismicity, and gas flux, which we interpret as the results of a magmatic intrusion in mid-2004. In response, debris-laden meltwater beneath the glacier in Mount Spurr's geothermally active summit basin accumulated as the overlying snow and ice melted. As heat output increased, the icecap subsided into a growing cavity over a meltwater lake, similar to that observed during subglacial volcanic activity in Iceland. An ice plug collapsed into the lake sometime between June 20 and July 8, 2004, forming an ice cauldron that continued to grow in diameter during 2004 and 2005. A freefall of ice and snow into the lake likely caused a mixture of water and debris to be displaced rapidly upward and outward along preexisting englacial and, possibly, subglacial pathways leading away and downslope from the summit basin. Where these pathways intersected crevasses or other weak points in the sloping icefield, the mixture debouched onto the surface, producing dark, fluid debris flows. In summer 2004, the occurrence of two sets of debris flows separated in time by as long as a week suggests two pulses of summit ice collapse, each producing a surge of water and debris from the lake. A single debris flow was also emplaced on May 2, 2005. This event, which was captured by a Web camera, occurred simultaneously with a lake-level drop of ~15 m. To the east of the ice cauldron, a spillway that fed the debris flows has apparently maintained a relatively constant lake level for months at a time. Aerial photographs show that the spillway is in the direction of a breach in the summit crater. Melting of snow and ice at the summit has continued through 2006, with a total meltwater volume of ~5.4 million m3 as of March 2006.

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Major natural bitumen accumulations in the United States are estimated to contain about 36 billion barrels of measured in-place resource and about 18 billion barrels of speculative in-place resource. Major natural bitumen resources are in Alabama, Alaska, California, Kentucky, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming.

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Summary

The collection of papers that follows continues the series of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) investigative reports in Alaska under the broad umbrella of the geologic sciences. This series represents new and sometimes-preliminary findings that are of interest to Earth scientists in academia, government, and industry; to land and resource managers; and to the general public. The reports presented in Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska cover a broad spectrum of topics from various parts of the State, serving to emphasize the diversity of USGS efforts to meet the Nation’s needs for Earth-science information in Alaska. This professional paper is one of a series of “online only” versions of Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, reflecting the current trend toward disseminating research results on the World Wide Web with rapid posting of completed reports.

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Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648233,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, John P. jgallway@usgs.gov","contributorId":3345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"John","email":"jgallway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":648234,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79425,"text":"pp1650D - 2006 - Atlas of relations between climatic parameters and distributions of important trees and shrubs in North America - Alaska species and ecoregions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-31T13:22:20.331678","indexId":"pp1650D","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1650","chapter":"D","title":"Atlas of relations between climatic parameters and distributions of important trees and shrubs in North America - Alaska species and ecoregions","docAbstract":"Climate is the primary factor in controlling the continental-scale distribution of plant species, although the relations between climatic parameters and species' ranges is only now beginning to be quantified. Preceding volumes of this atlas explored the continental-scale relations between climatic parameters and the distributions of woody plant species across all of the continent of North America. This volume presents similar information for important woody species, groups of species, and ecoregions in more detail for the State of Alaska. For these analyses, we constructed a 25-kilometer equal-area grid of modern climatic and bioclimatic parameters for North America from instrumental weather records. We obtained a digital representation of the geographic distribution of each species or ecoregion, either from a published source or by digitizing the published distributions ourselves. The presence or absence of each species or ecoregion was then determined for each point on the 25-kilometer grid, thus providing a basis for comparison of the climatic data with the geographic distribution of each species or ecoregion. The relations between climate and these distributions are presented in graphical and tabular form.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1650D","isbn":"9781411310407","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.S., Anderson, K.H., Strickland, L.E., Shafer, S., Pelltier, R.T., and Bartlein, P.J., 2006, Atlas of relations between climatic parameters and distributions of important trees and shrubs in North America - Alaska species and ecoregions (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1650, Report: iv, 342 p.; Data Release, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1650D.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 342 p.; Data Release","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419972,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FPD80E","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"A gridded database of the modern distributions of climate, woody plant taxa, and ecoregions for the continental United States and Canada"},{"id":12000,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1650-d/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124715,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1650_d.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -172,51 ], [ -172,72 ], [ -130,72 ], [ -130,51 ], [ -172,51 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db6694b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Robert S. 0000-0001-9287-2954 rthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9287-2954","contributorId":891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Robert","email":"rthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Katherine H. 0000-0003-2677-6109","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-6109","contributorId":52556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strickland, Laura E. 0000-0002-1958-7273 lstrickland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1958-7273","contributorId":4682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strickland","given":"Laura","email":"lstrickland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shafer, Sarah L.","contributorId":32623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"Sarah L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pelltier, Richard T. 0000-0001-8322-7961 rtpelltier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8322-7961","contributorId":4683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pelltier","given":"Richard","email":"rtpelltier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bartlein, Patrick J.","contributorId":106879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartlein","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}