Increased traffic along mountainous stretches of Interstate Highway 70, U.S. Highway 40, and U.S. Highway 6 in Colorado has resulted in a corresponding increase in the movement of hazardous materials. The proximity of Clear Creek and its tributaries to these highways places downstream water users at risk in the event of an accidental hazardous-material release. A traveltime study was performed on two reaches of Clear Creek and two of its tributaries to provide the necessary information to allow downstream water managers to protect water supplies in the event of a hazardous-material release. The information also can be used by hazardous-materialresponse teams to intercept contaminants as they move downstream. This report summarizes the methods and findings of the traveltime study.
Traveltime measurements were made using rhodamine-WT dye as a tracer in two reaches of Clear Creek and two Clear Creek tributaries in Clear Creek and Jefferson Counties, Colorado. The reaches were Clear Creek from the town of Berthoud Falls to the city limits of Golden; Clear Creek from the eastern edge of the Loveland Basin Ski Area parking lot to the town of Georgetown; the headwaters of two Clear Creek tributaries near Loveland Pass to the Loveland Valley Ski Area; and two unnamed tributaries of Hoop Creek (a tributary of Clear Creek) near Berthoud Pass to the confluence with the West Fork of Clear Creek. Measurements were made at three times of the year to obtain data from different flow conditions.
Traveltime and average velocities were determined for each stream reach. During high flow, dye-cloud leading-edge traveltimes ranged from about 0.6 hour along the Loveland Pass to the Loveland Valley Ski Area drainage to about 8.8 hours between Berthoud Falls and Golden. During low flow, leading-edge traveltimes ranged from about 2.6 hours along the same drainage from Loveland Pass to about 28.6 hours between Berthoud Falls and Golden. Average velocity between the Loveland Pass sites ranged from about 1.3 miles per hour during high flow to about 0.3 mile per hour during low flow. Average velocities between Berthoud Falls and Golden ranged from about 4.4 miles per hour during high flow to about 1.3 miles per hour during low flow.
A curve-fitting program was used to fit Lorentz and Gaussian distributions to the data generated from the traveltime measurements. Because discrete (not continuous) traveltime measurements were made, an estimate of the actual time of the leading edge, peak, and trailing edge needed to be determined from the sample data. The curve-fitting program provided the means to calculate the timing of events (leading edge, peak, and trailing edge) that were not precisely measured. Calculated leading-edge, peak, and trailing-edge times were used to generate a series of graphs for each study reach.
Traveltime estimation tables were generated from the data for a range of Clear Creek discharges. Because of the high variability of discharge within the basin, the Lawson surface-water gage located near the center of the basin was used as the reference location. Discharge measurements for the Lawson gage are available on the Internet, which can be accessed by most hazardous-material-team dispatchers. Traveltimes determined during the individual studies were plotted against the corresponding discharge at the reference location. A curve-fitting program was used to generate a series of curves, which were used to produce traveltime estimation tables.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984151","usgsCitation":"Cuffin, S.M., 1999, Traveltimes along Clear Creek and selected tributaries upstream from Golden, Colorado, 1996-97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4151, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984151.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359008,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4151/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4151/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Golden","otherGeospatial":"Clear Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.8833,\n 39.625\n ],\n [\n -105.23,\n 39.625\n ],\n [\n -105.23,\n 39.875\n ],\n [\n -105.8833,\n 39.875\n ],\n [\n -105.8833,\n 39.625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db62699e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cuffin, Sally M.","contributorId":93945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuffin","given":"Sally","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29356,"text":"wri994006 - 1999 - Streamflow measurements, basin characteristics, and streamflow statistics for low-flow partial-record stations operated in Massachusetts from 1989 through 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri994006","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4006","title":"Streamflow measurements, basin characteristics, and streamflow statistics for low-flow partial-record stations operated in Massachusetts from 1989 through 1996","docAbstract":"A network of 148 low-flow partial-record stations was operated on streams in Massachusetts during the summers of 1989 through 1996. Streamflow measurements (including historical measurements), measured basin characteristics, and estimated streamflow statistics are provided in the report for each low-flow partial-record station. Also included for each station are location information, streamflow-gaging stations for which flows were correlated to those at the low-flowpartial-record station, years of operation, and remarks indicating human influences of stream-flowsat the station. Three or four streamflow measurements were made each year for three years during times of low flow to obtain nine or ten measurements for each station. Measured flows at the low-flow partial-record stations were correlated with same-day mean flows at a nearby gaging station to estimate streamflow statistics for the low-flow partial-record stations. The estimated streamflow statistics include the 99-, 98-, 97-, 95-, 93-, 90-, 85-, 80-, 75-, 70-, 65-, 60-, 55-, and 50-percent duration flows; the 7-day, 10- and 2-year low flows; and the August median flow. Characteristics of the drainage basins for the stations that theoretically relate to the response of the station to climatic variations were measured from digital map data by use of an automated geographic information system procedure. Basin characteristics measured include drainage area; total stream length; mean basin slope; area of surficial stratified drift; area of wetlands; area of water bodies; and mean, maximum, and minimum basin elevation.Station descriptions and calculated streamflow statistics are also included in the report for the 50 continuous gaging stations used in correlations with the low-flow partial-record stations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994006","usgsCitation":"Ries, K., 1999, Streamflow measurements, basin characteristics, and streamflow statistics for low-flow partial-record stations operated in Massachusetts from 1989 through 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4006, iv, 162 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994006.","productDescription":"iv, 162 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2296,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994006","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_99_4006.gif"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6349b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ries, Kernell G. III kries@usgs.gov","contributorId":1913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ries","given":"Kernell G.","suffix":"III","email":"kries@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":201399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26452,"text":"wri994045 - 1999 - Relations of surface-water quality to streamflow in the Raritan River basin, New Jersey, water years 1976-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-13T15:22:26","indexId":"wri994045","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4045","title":"Relations of surface-water quality to streamflow in the Raritan River basin, New Jersey, water years 1976-93","docAbstract":"Relations of water quality to streamflow were determined for 18 water-quality constituents at 21 surface-water stations within the drainage area of the Raritan River Basin for water years 1976-93. Surface-water-quality and streamflow data were evaluated for trends (through time) in constituent concentrations during high and low flows, and relations between constituent concentration and streamflow, and between constituent load and streamflow, were determined. Median concentrations were calculated for the entire period of study (water years 1976-93) and for the last 5 years of the period of study (water years 1989-93) to determine whether any large variation in concentration exists between the two periods. Medians also were used to determine the seasonal Kendall’s tau statistic, which was then used to evaluate trends in concentrations during high and low flows.
Trends in constituent concentrations during high and low flows were evaluated to determine whether the distribution of the observations changes through time for intermittent (nonpoint storm runoff) or constant (point sources and ground water) sources, respectively. Highand low-flow trends in concentrations were determined for some constituents at 13 of the 21 water-quality stations; 8 stations have insufficient data to determine trends. Seasonal effects on the relations of concentration to streamflow are evident for 16 of the 18 constituents. Negative slopes of relations of concentration to streamflow, which indicate a decrease in concentration at high flows, predominate over positive slopes because of the dilution of instream concentrations by storm runoff.
The slopes of the regression lines of load to streamflow were determined in order to show the relative contributions to the instream load from constant (point sources and ground water) and intermittent sources (storm runoff). Greater slope values indicate larger contributions from storm runoff to instream load, which most likely indicate an increased relative importance of nonpoint sources. The slopes of load-to-streamflow relations along a stream reach that tend to increase in a downstream direction indicate the increased relative importance of contributions from storm runoff. The slopes of load-to-streamflow relations increase in the downstream direction for alkalinity at North Branch Raritan and Millstone Rivers, for some or all of the nutrient species at South Branch and North Branch Raritan Rivers, for hardness at South Branch Raritan River, for dissolved solids at North Branch Raritan River, for dissolved sodium at Lamington River, and for suspended sediment and dissolved oxygen at Millstone River. Likewise, the slopes of load-tostreamflow relations along a stream reach that tend to decrease in a downstream direction indicate the increased relative importance of point sources and ground-water discharge. The slopes of load-to-streamflow relations decrease in the downstream direction for dissolved solids at Raritan and Millstone Rivers; for dissolved sodium, dissolved chloride, total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, and total ammonia at South Branch Raritan, Raritan, and Millstone Rivers; for dissolved oxygen at North Branch Raritan and Lamington Rivers; for total nitrite at Lamington, Raritan, and Millstone Rivers; for total boron at South Branch Raritan and Millstone Rivers; for total organic carbon at North Branch Raritan River; for suspended sediment and total nitrogen at Raritan River; and for hardness, total phosphorus, and total lead at Millstone River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994045","usgsCitation":"Buxton, D.E., Hunchak-Kariouk, K., and Hickman, R.E., 1999, Relations of surface-water quality to streamflow in the Raritan River basin, New Jersey, water years 1976-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4045, Report: ix, 101 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994045.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 101 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"111","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55274,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4045/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4045/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":328520,"rank":301,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4045/appendix.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Raritan River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.0640869140625,\n 40.22921818870117\n ],\n [\n -75.0640869140625,\n 41.000629848685385\n ],\n [\n -74.256591796875,\n 41.000629848685385\n ],\n [\n -74.256591796875,\n 40.22921818870117\n ],\n [\n -75.0640869140625,\n 40.22921818870117\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c172","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buxton, Debra E. dbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":4777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Debra","email":"dbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":196416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunchak-Kariouk, Kathryn","contributorId":41448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunchak-Kariouk","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hickman, R. Edward 0000-0001-5160-3723 whickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5160-3723","contributorId":3153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"R.","email":"whickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26453,"text":"wri994016 - 1999 - Relations of surface-water quality to streamflow in the Wallkill and upper Delaware River basins, New Jersey and vicinity, water years 1976-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-16T21:10:49.846895","indexId":"wri994016","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4016","title":"Relations of surface-water quality to streamflow in the Wallkill and upper Delaware River basins, New Jersey and vicinity, water years 1976-93","docAbstract":"Relations of water quality to streamflow were determined for 18 water-quality constituents at 18 surface-water stations within the drainage basins of the Wallkill and upper Delaware Rivers in New Jersey and vicinity for water years 1976-93. Surface-water-quality and streamflow data were evaluated for trends (through time) in constituent concentrations during high and low flows, and relations between constituent concentration and streamflow, and between constituent load and streamflow, were determined. Median concentrations were calculated for the entire period of study (water years 1976-93) and for the last 5 years of the period of study (water years 1989-93) to determine whether any large variation in concentration exists between the two periods. Medians also were used to determine the seasonal Kendall’s tau statistic, which was then used to evaluate trends in concentrations during high and low flows.
Trends in constituent concentrations during high and low flows were evaluated to determine whether the distribution of the observations changes through time for intermittent (nonpoint storm runoff) or constant (point sources and ground water) sources, respectively. Highand low-flow trends in concentrations were determined for some constituents at 15 of the 18 water-quality stations; 3 stations have insufficient data to determine trends. Seasonal effects on the relations of concentration to streamflow are evident for 16 of the 18 constituents. Negative slopes of relations of concentration to streamflow, which indicate a decrease in concentration at high flows, predominate over positive slopes because of the dilution of instream concentrations by storm runoff.
The slopes of the regression lines of load to streamflow were determined in order to show the relative contributions to the instream load from constant (point sources and ground water) and intermittent (storm runoff) sources. Greater slope values indicate larger contributions from storm runoff to instream load, which most likely indicate an increased relative importance of nonpoint sources. The slopes of load-to-streamflow relations along a stream reach that tend to increase in a downstream direction indicate the increased relative importance of contributions from storm runoff. The slopes of load-to-streamflow relations for several nutrients and dissolved ions increase in the downstream direction at the Wallkill River, Paulins Kill, and Musconetcong River. Likewise, the slopes of load-to-streamflow relations along a stream reach that tend to decrease in a downstream direction indicate the increased relative importance of point sources and groundwater discharge. The slopes of load-to-streamflow relations for several dissolved ions decrease in the downstream direction at the Delaware River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"West Trenton, NJ","doi":"10.3133/wri994016","usgsCitation":"Buxton, D.E., Hunchak-Kariouk, K., and Hickman, R.E., 1999, Relations of surface-water quality to streamflow in the Wallkill and upper Delaware River basins, New Jersey and vicinity, water years 1976-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4016, Report: ix, 98 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994016.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 98 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"108","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":406887,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19321.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":328519,"rank":102,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4016/appendix.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":328518,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/wri99-4016/pdf/wrir99-4016.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":19265,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/wri99-4016/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Wallkill River basin, Upper Delaware RIver basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.77844238281249,\n 40.21873275657034\n ],\n [\n -75.06134033203125,\n 40.419769381446194\n ],\n [\n -75.1904296875,\n 40.57224011776902\n ],\n [\n -75.18218994140625,\n 40.77638178482896\n ],\n [\n -75.05035400390625,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n -75.14923095703125,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -74.92950439453125,\n 41.15384235711447\n ],\n [\n -74.849853515625,\n 41.27367811566259\n ],\n [\n -74.78668212890625,\n 41.32938883149375\n ],\n [\n -74.68505859374999,\n 41.35825713137813\n ],\n [\n -74.3280029296875,\n 41.19105625669688\n ],\n [\n -74.77844238281249,\n 40.21873275657034\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6348be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buxton, Debra E. dbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":4777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Debra","email":"dbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":196419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunchak-Kariouk, Kathryn","contributorId":41448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunchak-Kariouk","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hickman, R. Edward 0000-0001-5160-3723 whickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5160-3723","contributorId":3153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"R.","email":"whickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25402,"text":"wri984143 - 1999 - Areal studies aid protection of ground-water quality in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-04T12:24:40.745538","indexId":"wri984143","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4143","displayTitle":"Areal Studies Aid Protection of Ground-Water Quality in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin","title":"Areal studies aid protection of ground-water quality in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin","docAbstract":"In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, initiated studies designed to characterize the ground-water quality and hydrogeology in northern Illinois, and southern and eastern Wisconsin (with a focus on the north-central Illinois cities of Belvidere and Rockford, and the Calumet region of northeastern Illinois and northwestern Indiana). These areas are considered especially susceptible to ground-water contamination because of the high density of industrial and waste-disposal sites and the shallow depth to the unconsolidated sand and gravel aquifers and the fractured, carbonate bedrock aquifers that underlie the areas. The data and conceptual models of ground-water flow and contaminant distribution and movement developed as part of the studies have allowed Federal, State, and local agencies to better manage, protect, and restore the water supplies of the areas.
Water-quality, hydrologic, geologic, and geophysical data collected as part of these areal studies indicate that industrial contaminants are present locally in the aquifers underlying the areas. Most of the contaminants, particularly those at concentrations that exceeded regulatory water-quality levels, were detected in the sand and gravel aquifers near industrial or waste-disposal sites. In water from water-supply wells, the contaminants that were present generally were at concentrations below regulatory levels. The organic compounds detected most frequently at concentrations near or above regulatory levels varied by area. Trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (volatile chlorinated compounds) were most prevalent in north-central Illinois; benzene (a petroleum-related compound) was most prevalent in the Calumet region. Differences in the type of organic compounds that were detected in each area likely reflect differences in the types of industrial sites that predominate in the areas. Nickel and aluminum were the trace metals detected most frequently at concentrations above regulatory levels in both areas. Contaminants in the shallow sand and gravel aquifers and carbonate aquifers appear to have moved with ground water discharging to local lakes, streams, and wetlands. Ground-water flow and possibly contaminant movement is concentrated in the weathered surface zones and in deeper fractures of the carbonate aquifers underlying both areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984143","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Mills, P., Kay, R.T., Brown, T.A., and Yeskis, D.J., 1999, Areal studies aid protection of ground-water quality in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4143, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984143.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1953,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4143/wrir98_4143.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.88 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 98–4143"},{"id":157775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4143/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -89.12109375,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -92.197265625,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -90.87890625,\n 43.83452678223682\n ],\n [\n -89.912109375,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -90.703125,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -89.033203125,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -85.69335937499999,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -84.990234375,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -84.83642578125,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -86.63818359375,\n 41.78769700539063\n ],\n [\n -87.451171875,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -87.73681640625,\n 42.27730877423709\n ],\n [\n -87.69287109375,\n 43.78695837311561\n ],\n [\n -86.7919921875,\n 45.506346901083425\n ],\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 45.336701909968134\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Restoration and management of the south Florida ecosystem will be guided by hydrologic models that simulate water flowing through the wetlands and shallow subsurface aquifers beneath them. The restoration of the ecosystem is, essentially, the restoration of the natural hydrologic system. As surface water is re-diverted from manmade canals to its more natural state as overland flow, several changes are predicted to occur. First, because water flowing over land moves more slowly than in canals, overland flow should remain in the wetland ecosystem for a longer period each year. Second, as the flowing water spreads out over the wetlands, recharge to the shallow aquifers should increase as more of that water infiltrates into the ground. The U.S. Corps of Engineers and the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) will use hydrologic models to anticipate the consequences of these proposed restoration plans. This research program is designed to provide essential subsurface data to improve hydrologic models for land and water managers in southwest Florida where subsurface information is lacking. Obtaining hydrogeological data requires core drilling, corehole testing, and rock and sediment analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs15896","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, Hydrogeology of the surficial aquifer system in Southwest Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 1996–158, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs15896.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118406,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0158/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":230,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0158/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 26.94633387241865\n ],\n [\n -81.87874513277362,\n 26.94633387241865\n ],\n [\n -81.87874513277362,\n 24.358839683418125\n ],\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 24.358839683418125\n ],\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 26.94633387241865\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Anderson Springs is located about 90 miles (145 kilometers) north of San Francisco, California, in the southwestern part of Lake County. The area was first developed in the late 1800s as a health resort, which was active until the 1930s. In the rugged hills to the south of the resort were four small mercury mines of the eastern Mayacmas quicksilver district. About 1,260 flasks of mercury were produced from these mines between 1909 and 1943. In the 1970s, the high-elevation areas surrounding Anderson Springs became part of The Geysers geothermal field. Today, several electric powerplants are located on the ridges above Anderson Springs, utilizing steam produced from a 240°C vapor-dominated reservoir.
\nThe primary purpose of this report is to provide physical, chemical, and isotopic data on samples collected in the Anderson Springs area during 1998 and 1999, in response to a Freedom of Information Act request. In July 1998, drainage from the Schwartz adit of the abandoned Anderson mercury mine increased substantially over a 2-day period, transporting a slurry of water and precipitates down a tributary and into Anderson Creek. In August 1998, J.J. Rytuba and coworkers sampled the Schwartz adit drainage and water from the Anderson Springs Hot Spring for base metal and methylmercury analysis. They measured a maximum temperature (Tm) of 85°C in the Hot Spring. Published records show that the temperature of the Anderson Springs Hot Spring (main spring) was 63°C in 1889, 42–52°C from 1974 through 1991, and 77°C in March 1995. To investigate possible changes in thermal spring activity and to collect additional samples for geochemical analysis, C.J. Janik and coworkers returned to the area in September and December 1998. They determined that a cluster of springs adjacent to the main spring had Tm=98°C, and they observed that a new area of boiling vents and small fumaroles (Tm=99.3°C) had formed in an adjacent gully about 20 meters to the north of the main spring.
\nDuring August–October 1999, several field trips were conducted in the vicinity of Anderson Springs to continue monitoring and sampling the thermal manifestations. The new fumarolic area had increased in temperature and in discharge intensity since 1998, and a zone of dead trees had developed on the steep bank directly west of the fumaroles. Ground temperatures and diffuse flow of CO2 flow through soils were measured in the area surrounding the main spring and new fumaroles and in the zone of tree-kill.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99585","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Janik, C.J., Goff, F., Sorey, M., Rytuba, J.J., Counce, D., Colvard, E., Huebner, M., White, L.D., and Foster, A., 1999, Physical, chemical, and isotopic data for samples from the Anderson Springs area, Lake County, California, 1998-1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-585, Report: 27 p.,Tables 1-5, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99585.","productDescription":"Report: 27 p.,Tables 1-5","numberOfPages":"28","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51486,"rank":8,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0585/pdf/of99-585.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1189,"rank":7,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0585/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285084,"rank":6,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99585.jpg"},{"id":285081,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0585/table_3.xls"},{"id":285082,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0585/table_4.xls"},{"id":285083,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0585/table_5.xls"},{"id":285080,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0585/table_2.xls"},{"id":153012,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0585/table_1.xls"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Lake County","city":"Anderson Springs","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.70991,38.764934 ], [ -122.70991,38.784975 ], [ -122.686993,38.784975 ], [ -122.686993,38.764934 ], [ -122.70991,38.764934 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685a7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janik, C. J.","contributorId":10795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goff, F.","contributorId":53408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rytuba, J. J.","contributorId":83082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Counce, D.","contributorId":36165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counce","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Colvard, E.M.","contributorId":83553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvard","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Huebner, M.","contributorId":95497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huebner","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"White, L. D.","contributorId":14330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Foster, A.","contributorId":46977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":22542,"text":"ofr99461 - 1999 - Selected hydrologic data from the Cedar Rapids area, Linn County, Iowa, April 1996 through March 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-30T12:29:09","indexId":"ofr99461","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-461","title":"Selected hydrologic data from the Cedar Rapids area, Linn County, Iowa, April 1996 through March 1999","docAbstract":"The City of Cedar Rapids, Iowa obtains its municipal water supply from four well fields along the Cedar River. The wells are completed at depths of about 60 to 80 feet in a shallow alluvial aquifer adjacent to the Cedar River. The City of Cedar Rapids and the U.S. Geological Survey have conducted a cooperative study of the groundwater flow system and water quality near the well fields since 1992. The purpose of this report is to document selected hydrologic data collected from April 1996 through March 1999. Data include the results of water-quality analyses, ground-waterlevels continuously measured with pressure transducers and data recorders, and physical properties continuously monitored using multiprobe instruments. Water-quality samples were collected from selected wells and the Cedar River to conduct periodic monitoring, to evaluate ground-water geochemistry, to assess the occurrence of pesticides and herbicide degradates in the alluvial aquifer, and to characterize water quality in shallow ground water near a wetland area in the Seminole Well Field. Types of water-quality analyses included common ions (calcium, chloride, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, silica, sodium, and sulfate), trace elements (boron, bromide, and fluoride), nutrients (ammonia as nitrogen, nitrite as nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, and orthophosphate as phosphorus), dissolved organic carbon, and selected pesticides and herbicide degradates. Ground-water levels in selected observation wells were continuously measured to assess temporal trends in groundwater levels in the alluvial aquifer and bedrock aquifer, to help calibrate a ground-water flow model being constructed to simulate local groundwater flow under transient conditions near the well fields, and to assess hydrologic conditions near a wetland area in the Seminole Well Field. Physical properties (specific conductance, pH, dissolved oxygen, and water temperature) were continuously monitored to assess temporal variation and to help evaluate the interaction between the Cedar River and ground water in the alluvial aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99461","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Cedar Rapids, Iowa","usgsCitation":"Boyd, R., Kuzniar, R., and Schulmeyer, P., 1999, Selected hydrologic data from the Cedar Rapids area, Linn County, Iowa, April 1996 through March 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-461, viii, 241 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99461.","productDescription":"viii, 241 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0461/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52037,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0461/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","city":"Cedar 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P.M.","contributorId":17208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulmeyer","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24972,"text":"pp1608 - 1999 - Geophysical framework of the southwestern Nevada volcanic field and hydrogeologic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T16:19:02","indexId":"pp1608","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1608","title":"Geophysical framework of the southwestern Nevada volcanic field and hydrogeologic implications","docAbstract":"Gravity and magnetic data, when integrated with other geophysical, geological, and rock-property data, provide a regional framework to view the subsurface geology in the southwestern Nevada volcanic field. The region has been loosely divided into six domains based on structural style and overall geophysical character. For each domain, the subsurface tectonic and magmatic features that have been inferred or interpreted from previous geophysical work has been reviewed. Where possible, abrupt changes in geophysical fields as evidence for potential structural lithologic control on ground-water flow has been noted. Inferred lithology is used to suggest associated hydrogeologic units in the subsurface. The resulting framework provides a basis for investigators to develop hypotheses from regional ground-water pathways where no drill-hole information exists.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/pp1608","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V., Sawyer, D.A., Fridrich, C., and Hudson, M., 1999, Geophysical framework of the southwestern Nevada volcanic field and hydrogeologic implications: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1608, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1608.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":53958,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1608/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1929,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1608/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1608/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c18d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, V.J. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":70362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sawyer, David A. dsawyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"David","email":"dsawyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":192915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fridrich, Chris J.","contributorId":51331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fridrich","given":"Chris J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hudson, Mark R. 0000-0003-0338-6079 mhudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-6079","contributorId":1236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Mark R.","email":"mhudson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":22760,"text":"ofr99271A - 1999 - Analysis of geophysical logs, at North Penn Area 6 Superfund Site, Lansdale, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-07T10:56:21","indexId":"ofr99271A","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-271","chapter":"A","title":"Analysis of geophysical logs, at North Penn Area 6 Superfund Site, Lansdale, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), as part of technical assistance to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), collected borehole geophysical log data in 34 industrial, commercial, and public supply wells and 28 monitor wells at the North Penn Area 6 Superfund Site, in Lansdale, Pa., from August 22, 1995, through August 29, 1997. The wells range in depth from 50 to 1,027 feet below land surface and are drilled in Triassic-age shales and siltstones of the Brunswick Group and Lockatong Formation. The geophysical log data were collected to help describe the hydrogeologic framework in the area and to provide guidance in the reconstruction of the 28 monitor wells drilled during summer 1997. At the time of logging, all wells had open-hole construction.\r\n\r\n The geophysical logs, caliper, fluid-resistivity, and fluid-temperature, and borehole video logs were used to determine the vertical distribution of water-bearing fractures. Heatpulse-flowmeter measurements were used to determine vertical borehole flow under pumping and nonpumping conditions. The most productive fractures generally could be determined from heatpulse-flowmeter measurements under pumping conditions. Vertical borehole flow was measured under nonpumping conditions in most wells that had more than one water-bearing fracture. Upward flow was measured in 35 wells and probably is a result of natural head differences between fractures in the local ground-water-flow system. Downward flow was measured in 11 wells and commonly indicated differences in hydraulic heads of the fractures caused by nearby pumping. Both upward and downward flow was measured in three wells. No flow was detected in eight wells.\r\n\r\n Natural-gamma-ray logs were used to estimate the attitude of bedding. Thin shale marker beds, shown as spikes of elevated radioactivity in the natural-gamma logs of some wells throughout the area, enable the determination of bedding-plane orientation from three-point correlations. Generally, the marker beds in and near Lansdale strike about N. 48°-60° E. and dip about 11° NW. Acoustic televiewer logs run in selected boreholes indicate that the attitude of many water-bearing fractures commonly is similar to that of bedding.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99271A","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Conger, R.W., 1999, Analysis of geophysical logs, at North Penn Area 6 Superfund Site, Lansdale, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-271, xi, 149 p. :ill., col. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99271A.","productDescription":"xi, 149 p. :ill., col. map ;28 cm.","temporalStart":"1995-08-22","temporalEnd":"1997-08-29","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":24583,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0271a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0271a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52196,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0271a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Montgomery","city":"Lansdale","otherGeospatial":"North Penn Area 6 Superfund Site","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.31666666666666,40.2175 ], [ -75.31666666666666,40.26777777777777 ], [ -75.23444444444445,40.26777777777777 ], [ -75.23444444444445,40.2175 ], [ -75.31666666666666,40.2175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6805d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conger, Randall W. rwconger@usgs.gov","contributorId":2086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conger","given":"Randall","email":"rwconger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23684,"text":"ofr99238 - 1999 - Procedures and computer programs for telescopic mesh refinement using MODFLOW","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:15","indexId":"ofr99238","displayToPublicDate":"2000-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-238","title":"Procedures and computer programs for telescopic mesh refinement using MODFLOW","docAbstract":"Ground-water models are commonly used to evaluate flow systems in areas that are small\r\nrelative to entire aquifer systems. In many of these analyses, simulation of the entire flow system\r\nis not desirable or will not allow sufficient detail in the area of interest. The procedure of telescopic\r\nmesh refinement allows use of a small, detailed model in the area of interest by taking boundary\r\nconditions from a larger model that encompasses the model in the area of interest. Some previous\r\nstudies have used telescopic mesh refinement; however, better procedures are needed in carrying\r\nout telescopic mesh refinement using the U.S. Geological Survey ground-water flow model,\r\nreferred to as MODFLOW. This report presents general procedures and three computer programs\r\nfor use in telescopic mesh refinement with MODFLOW. The first computer program, MODTMR,\r\nconstructs MODFLOW data sets for a local or embedded model using MODFLOW data sets and\r\nsimulation results from a regional or encompassing model. The second computer program,\r\nTMRDIFF, provides a means of comparing head or drawdown in the local model with head or\r\ndrawdown in the corresponding area of the regional model. The third program, RIVGRID,\r\nprovides a means of constructing data sets for the River Package, Drain Package, General-Head\r\nBoundary Package, and Stream Package for regional and local models using grid-independent data\r\nspecifying locations of these features. RIVGRID may be needed in some applications of telescopic\r\nmesh refinement because regional-model data sets do not contain enough information on locations\r\nof head-dependent flow features to properly locate the features in local models. The program is a\r\ngeneral utility program that can be used in constructing data sets for head-dependent flow packages\r\nfor any MODFLOW model under construction.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr99238","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Leake, S.A., and Claar, D.V., 1999, Procedures and computer programs for telescopic mesh refinement using MODFLOW: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-238, vii, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99238.","productDescription":"vii, 53 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0238/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":11530,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://az.water.usgs.gov/MODTMR/tmr.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52938,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0238/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1306","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leake, Stanley A. 0000-0003-3568-2542 saleake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2542","contributorId":1846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"Stanley","email":"saleake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Claar, David V.","contributorId":10068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claar","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26676,"text":"wri994069 - 1999 - Water resources of the Prairie Island Indian Reservation, Minnesota, 1994-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T10:20:05","indexId":"wri994069","displayToPublicDate":"2000-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4069","title":"Water resources of the Prairie Island Indian Reservation, Minnesota, 1994-97","docAbstract":"This evaluation of the water resources on the Prairie Island Indian Reservation includes data collected from 8 surface-water sites and 22 wells during 1994–97 and historical data. The Mississippi River and the lakes and wetlands connected to it are separated from the Vermillion River and the lakes and wetlands connected to it by the surficial aquifer on Prairie Island and by Lock and Dam Number 3. These surface-water groups form hydrologic boundaries of the surficial aquifer. The aquifer is 130–200 feet thick, extends to bedrock (the Franconia Formation, which is also an aquifer), and is composed primarily of sand and gravel, but also contains thin, isolated lenses of finer-grained material. Flow in the surficial aquifer is normally from the Mississippi River to the Vermillion River (southwest). During spring snowmelt or heavy rains, a ground-water mound forms in the center of the study area and causes radial ground-water flow toward the surrounding surface waters.
\nSurface- and ground-water quality was generally similar, but the median ground-water nitrate concentration was 3.6-times greater than that for surface water. Water samples were dominated by calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate ions, were usually oxygenated, and had a median dissolved solids concentration of 250 milligrams per liter (mg/L). Thirty-nine percent of groundwater samples showed evidence of anthropogenic nitrate. Most samples contained low concentrations of ammonia (less than 0.04 milligrams per liter as nitrogen). All 15 surface-water samples contained coliform or fecal streptococci bacteria, with 33 percent exceeding 100 colonies per milliliter. Two ground-water and two surface-water samples analyzed for trace metals contained natural concentrations except for one ground-water sample that contained 30 mg/L of lead (probably from a bullet). No volatile organic compounds were detected in 3 ground-water and 3 surface-water samples. Triazine herbicides and their degradation products were detected in one-half of the ground-water samples at concentrations below 1 microgram per liter (µg/L) except for one sample at 3 µg/L. Wells with initially high concentrations of nitrate or triazines continued to have high concentrations throughout the study. Several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and monoaromatic chemicals were detected at low concentration (less than 89 micrograms per kilogram) in 4 samples of 1993 Mississippi River flood sediments deposited in the study area.
\nGround-water recharge dates based on chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) concentrations indicate that sampled ground water was young (less than 2 decades old) and that all tritium contained in samples from this study can be explained by atmospheric sources. Most historical tritium concentrations can also be explained by atmospheric sources through recharge from spatially and temporally constant precipitation and snowmelt. However, samples from three wells within 800 feet of the Prairie Island Nuclear Power Plant contained tritium at concentrations that cannot be explained by such atmospheric sources. These concentrations decline to that explainable by atmospheric sources within 800 feet of the wells. Many samples contained CFC-113 concentrations higher than that possible from equilibrium with the atmosphere. This CFC-113 contamination is presumably from Mississippi River recharge and complicated the recharge date estimates.
\nThe only surface-water constituents exceeding U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking water standards was coliform or fecal streptococci bacteria, which was exceeded in all samples. Thirteen percent of ground-water samples exceeded the nitrate maximum contaminant level (MCL), but this is probably higher than the percentage of the aquifer exceeding the nitrate MCL because most of the wells sampled were shallow. Surface-water recharge to and ground-water discharge from the surficial aquifer influence the water quality in both the aquifer and the surrounding surface water. However, surface water probably influences ground-water quality more because of the greater amount of surface water flowing through the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri994069","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Prairie Island Dakota Community","usgsCitation":"Cowdery, T.K., 1999, Water resources of the Prairie Island Indian Reservation, Minnesota, 1994-97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4069, Document: iv, 36 p.; 1 Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994069.","productDescription":"Document: iv, 36 p.; 1 Appendix","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_99_4069.jpg"},{"id":12248,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/99-4069.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12249,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/Appendixes.xls"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Island Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.683333,\n 44.658333\n ],\n [\n -92.683333,\n 44.6\n ],\n [\n -92.6,\n 44.6\n ],\n [\n -92.6,\n 44.658333\n ],\n [\n -92.683333,\n 44.658333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f03e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowdery, Timothy K. 0000-0001-9402-6575 cowdery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9402-6575","contributorId":456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowdery","given":"Timothy","email":"cowdery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":196813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25485,"text":"wri994079 - 1999 - Estimates of ground-water discharge as determined from measurements of evapotranspiration, Ash Meadows area, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T13:22:50","indexId":"wri994079","displayToPublicDate":"2000-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4079","title":"Estimates of ground-water discharge as determined from measurements of evapotranspiration, Ash Meadows area, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Ash Meadows is one of the major discharge areas within the regional Death Valley ground-water flow system of southern Nevada and adjacent California. Ground water discharging at Ash Meadows is replenished from inflow derived from an extensive recharge area that includes the eastern part of the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Currently, contaminants introduced into the subsurface by past nuclear testing at NTS are the subject of study by the U.S. Department of Energy's Environmental Restoration Program. The transport of any contaminant in contact with ground water is controlled in part by the rate and direction of ground-water flow, which itself depends on the location and quantity of ground water discharging from the flow system. To best evaluate any potential risk associated with these test-generated contaminants, studies were undertaken to accurately quantify discharge from areas downgradient from the NTS. This report presents results of a study to refine the estimate of ground-water discharge at Ash Meadows.\r\n\r\nThe study estimates ground-water discharge from the Ash Meadows area through a rigorous quantification of evapotranspiration (ET). To accomplish this objective, the study identifies areas of ongoing ground-water ET, delineates unique areas of ET defined on the basis of similarities in vegetation and soil-moisture conditions, and computes ET rates for each of the delineated areas. A classification technique using spectral-reflectance characteristics determined from satellite images recorded in 1992 identified seven unique units representing areas of ground-water ET. The total area classified encompasses about 10,350 acres dominated primarily by lush desert vegetation. Each unique area, referred to as an ET unit, generally consists of one or more assemblages of local phreatophytes. The ET units identified range from sparse grasslands to open water. Annual ET rates are computed by energy-budget methods from micrometeorological measurements made at 10 sites within six of the seven identified ET units. Micrometeorological data were collected for a minimum of 1 year at each site during 1994 through 1997. Evapotranspiration ranged from 0.6 foot per year in a sparse, dry saltgrass environment to 8.6 feet per year over open water. Ancillary data, including water levels, were collected during this same period to gain additional insight into the evapotranspiration process. Water levels measured in shallow wells showed annual declines of more than 10 feet and daily declines as high as 0.3 foot attributed to water losses associated with evapotranspiration.\r\n\r\nMean annual ET from the Ash Meadows area is estimated at 21,000 acre-feet. An estimate of ground-water discharge, based on this ET estimate, is presented as a range to account for uncertainties in the contribution of local precipitation. The estimates given for mean annual ground-water discharge range from 18,000 to 21,000 acre-feet. The low estimate assumes a large contribution from local precipitation in computed ET rates; whereas, the high estimate assumes no contribution from local precipitation. The range presented is only slightly higher than previous estimates of ground-water discharge from the Ash Meadows area based primarily on springflow measurements.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994079","usgsCitation":"Laczniak, R.J., DeMeo, G.A., Reiner, S.R., Smith, J.L., and Nylund, W., 1999, Estimates of ground-water discharge as determined from measurements of evapotranspiration, Ash Meadows area, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4079, vi, 70 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994079.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1852,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994079","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcb5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laczniak, R. J.","contributorId":46104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeMeo, G. A.","contributorId":96290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeMeo","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reiner, S. R.","contributorId":9299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiner","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, J. LaRue jlsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"jlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"LaRue","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":193886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nylund, W. E.","contributorId":36966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nylund","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":26576,"text":"wri994153 - 1999 - Distribution of salinity in ground water from the interpretation of borehole-geophysical logs and salinity data, Calf Pasture Point, Davisville, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"wri994153","displayToPublicDate":"2000-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4153","title":"Distribution of salinity in ground water from the interpretation of borehole-geophysical logs and salinity data, Calf Pasture Point, Davisville, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"The distribution of salinity in ground water at Calf Pasture Point, a small coastal peninsula bounded by Narragansett Bay on the east and Allen Harbor on the west, in Davisville, Rhode Island, was interpreted from borehole-geophysical data and previously collected salinity data to help identify potential flowpaths of contaminated ground water to surface-water bodies. The surficial material at this 40-acre site, which ranges in thickness from about 30 to 85 feet, is composed of an upper sand unit, a silt unit, and a till unit overlying bedrock. Borehole-geophysical data indicate that fresh ground water is present in all surficial units in the northern and northwestern part of the site. In the central and eastern parts of the site, where most of the current land surface is composed of dredged fill placed in a small saltwater embayment, brackish and saline ground water predominate. Fresh ground water moving into this area from upgradient and recharge to this extended land surface from precipitation is diluting the saline groundwater in the upper sand and till units, and to a lesser extent in the silt unit. In this area, the freshwater-flow system is slowly expanding towards Narragansett Bay and the entrance channel to Allen Harbor.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994153","usgsCitation":"Church, P.E., and Brandon, W., 1999, Distribution of salinity in ground water from the interpretation of borehole-geophysical logs and salinity data, Calf Pasture Point, Davisville, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4153, iv, 47 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994153.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1976,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994153/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db64086e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, Peter E.","contributorId":99178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandon, William C.","contributorId":89174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandon","given":"William C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":35510,"text":"b2174A - 1999 - Organic metamorphism in the California petroleum basins; Chapter A, Rock-Eval and vitrinite reflectance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:50","indexId":"b2174A","displayToPublicDate":"2000-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2174","chapter":"A","title":"Organic metamorphism in the California petroleum basins; Chapter A, Rock-Eval and vitrinite reflectance","docAbstract":"The results of ROCK-EVAL and vitrinite reflectance analyses\r\nof a large sample base from more than 70 wells located in\r\nthree oil-rich California petroleum basins are reported. The\r\ncores from these wells have a wide range of present-day burial\r\ntemperatures (40\r\n?\r\nto 220\r\n?\r\nC). The rocks in these basins were\r\ndeposited under highly variable conditions, sometimes resulting\r\nin substantially different organic matter (OM) types in rocks tens\r\nof meters vertically apart from each other in one well. The\r\nkinetic response of these different OM types to equivalent wellknown\r\nburial histories is a pivotal point of this study.\r\nIn the Los Angeles and Ventura Basins, rock organic-richness\r\nsignificantly increased with depth, as did kerogen hydrogen\r\ncontent, and the percentage of fine-grained versus coarsegrained\r\nrocks. The shales in these basins are perceived as containing\r\nprimarily hydrogen-rich amorphous OM. In actuality,\r\nthe shallowest 2,000 to 3,000 m of rocks in the basins, and at\r\nleast the upper 6,000 m of rocks in parts of the Los Angeles\r\nBasin central syncline, are dominated by type III/IV OM. In the\r\nLos Angeles Basin, mainstage hydrocarbon (HC) generation\r\ncommences in the type III/IV OM at present-day burial temperatures\r\nof 85\r\n?\r\nto 110\r\n?\r\nC, most likely around 100\r\n?\r\nC, and is largely\r\ncomplete by 220\r\n?\r\nC. In the Southern San Joaquin Valley Basin,\r\nmainstage HC generation commences in type III/IV OM at\r\n150\r\n?\r\nC and is also largely complete by 220\r\n?\r\nC. In the Ventura\r\nBasin, mainstage HC generation commences above 140\r\n?\r\nC in\r\ntype III/IV OM. The apparent lower temperatures for commencement\r\nof HC generation in the Los Angeles Basin are\r\nattributed to the fact that parts of the basin were cooled from\r\nmaximal burial temperatures by increased meteoric water flows\r\nduring the last glaciations.\r\nAll aspects of organic metamorphism, including mainstage\r\nHC generation, are strongly suppressed in rocks with hydrogenrich\r\nOM in these basins. For example, ROCK-EVAL data suggest\r\nthat mainstage HC generation has not commenced in rocks\r\nwith hydrogen-rich OM at present-day temperatures of 198?C.\r\nThis observation is attributed to much stronger bonds in hydrogen-\r\nrich OM compared to types III and IV OM and, therefore,\r\nsignificantly higher burial temperatures are required to break\r\nthese bonds. This difference in OM kinetics has profound ramifications\r\nfor petroleum-geochemical exploration models.\r\nOrganic-matter characteristics inherited from original depositional\r\nconditions were overlaid on, and at times confused\r\ninterpretation of, characteristics from organic metamorphism in\r\nall study areas. In all the basins examined in this study, immature\r\nfine-grained rocks occasionally had high to very high\r\ncarbon-normalized concentrations of pre-generation indigenous\r\nbitumen. This unusual characteristic may be due to unique depositional\r\nconditions in these basins.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/b2174A","usgsCitation":"Price, L.C., Pawlewicz, M.J., and Daws, T.A., 1999, Organic metamorphism in the California petroleum basins; Chapter A, Rock-Eval and vitrinite reflectance (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2174, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2174A.","productDescription":"34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3414,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2174-a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68ad7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Leigh C.","contributorId":39379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Leigh","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pawlewicz, Mark J. pawlewicz@usgs.gov","contributorId":752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawlewicz","given":"Mark","email":"pawlewicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":214767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daws, Ted A.","contributorId":6093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daws","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22888,"text":"ofr99254 - 1999 - Method for Examination and Documentation of Basic Information and Metadata from Published Reports Relevant to the Study of Stormwater Runoff Quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:14","indexId":"ofr99254","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-254","title":"Method for Examination and Documentation of Basic Information and Metadata from Published Reports Relevant to the Study of Stormwater Runoff Quality","docAbstract":"A readily accessible archive of information that is valid, current, and technically defensible is needed to make informed highway-planning, design, and management decisions. The National Highway Runoff Water-Quality Data and Methodology Synthesis (NDAMS) is a cataloging and assessment of the documentation of information relevant to highway-runoff water quality available in published reports. The report review process is based on the NDAMS review sheet, which was designed by the USGS with input from the FHWA, State transportation agencies, and the regulatory community. The report-review process is designed to determine the technical merit of the existing literature in terms of current requirements for data documentation, data quality, quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC), and technical issues that may affect the use of historical data. To facilitate the review process, the NDAMS review sheet is divided into 12 sections: (1) administrative review information, (2) investigation and report information, (3) temporal information, (4) location information (5) water-quality-monitoring information, (6) sample-handling methods, (7) constituent information, (8) sampling focus and matrix, (9) flow monitoring methods, (10) field QA/QC, (11) laboratory, and (12) uncertainty/error analysis.\r\n\r\nThis report describes the NDAMS report reviews and metadata documentation methods and provides an overview of the approach and of the quality-assurance and quality-control program used to implement the review process. Detailed information, including a glossary of relevant terms, a copy of the report-review sheets, and reportreview instructions are completely documented in a series of three appendixes included with this report. Therefore the reviews are repeatable and the methods can be used by transportation research organizations to catalog new reports as they are published.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr99254","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration (A Contribution to the National Highway Runoff Data and Methodology Synthesis)","usgsCitation":"Dionne, S.G., Granato, G., and Tana, C.K., 1999, Method for Examination and Documentation of Basic Information and Metadata from Published Reports Relevant to the Study of Stormwater Runoff Quality: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-254, vi, 156 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99254.","productDescription":"vi, 156 p.","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9505,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr99-254/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624b3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dionne, Shannon G.","contributorId":19964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dionne","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granato, Gregory E. 0000-0002-2561-9913 ggranato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9913","contributorId":1692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"Gregory E.","email":"ggranato@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":189070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tana, Cameron K.","contributorId":6473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tana","given":"Cameron","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23490,"text":"ofr9969 - 1999 - Water sediment, and nutrient budgets, and bathymetric survey of Old and New Gillespie Lakes, Macoupin County, Illinois, May 1996-April 1997; with a discussion of lake-management practices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-26T13:43:38.522197","indexId":"ofr9969","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-69","title":"Water sediment, and nutrient budgets, and bathymetric survey of Old and New Gillespie Lakes, Macoupin County, Illinois, May 1996-April 1997; with a discussion of lake-management practices","docAbstract":"The Gillespie Lakes system serves as a drinking water source for the town of Gillespie, Illinois, and is a major recreational focus for the area. As part of an investigation of a concern that the lakes are being adversely affected by excessive sediment and nutrient in flows, this report presents hydrologic, sediment, and nutrient budgets for Old Gillespie Lake and New Gillespie Lake, calculated by the U.S. Geological Survey with data collected during May 1996-April 1997 in cooperation with the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency and the city of Gillespie, Illinois. Bathymetric data also were collected in the two lakes to produce maps of the lake bed elevations. The influx of sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen into Old Gillespie Lake during the study period was 4,063, 6.02, and 52.3 tons, respectively. Old Gillespie Lake retained 92 percent of the inflowing sediment (which agrees with theoretical calculations of trapping efficiency for Old Gillespie Lake), 84 percent of the inflowing phosphorus, and 87 percent of the inflowing nitrogen. The influx of sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen into New Gillespie Lake during the study period was 4,792, 7.56, and 64.3 tons, respectively. Old Gillespie Lake retained 95 percent of the inflowing sediment (which agrees with theoretical calculations of trapping efficiency for New Gillespie Lake), 82 percent of the inflowing phosphorus, and 81 percent of the inflowing nitrogen. The loads per area of phosphorus and nitrogen to the Gillespie Lakes were 1.06 tons/mi2 and 9.26 tons/mi2, respectively. For row crops of corn and soybeans, the literature reports ranges of loads per area of phosphorus of 0.15 to 1.43 tons/mi2 and of nitrogen of 0.86 to 11.43 tons/mi2. Therefore, loads to the Gillespie Lakes are relatively high for the given cropping practices, and application of best management practices may substantially reduce the per area loads of these nutrients. Considering these loads and retention of sediment and nutrients, a review of basic lake management practices is presented and discussed. This review is presented to assist lake managers in the achievement of lake water-quality goals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9969","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Johnson, G.P., 1999, Water sediment, and nutrient budgets, and bathymetric survey of Old and New Gillespie Lakes, Macoupin County, Illinois, May 1996-April 1997; with a discussion of lake-management practices: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-69, v, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9969.","productDescription":"v, 62 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388512,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23157.htm"},{"id":1568,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=OFR&number=99-69","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52790,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0069/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0069/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Macoupin County","otherGeospatial":"Old and New Gillespie Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.90507125854492,\n 39.12992708163278\n ],\n [\n -89.84481811523438,\n 39.12992708163278\n ],\n [\n -89.84481811523438,\n 39.16533890071654\n ],\n [\n -89.90507125854492,\n 39.16533890071654\n ],\n [\n -89.90507125854492,\n 39.12992708163278\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f01ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Gary P. 0000-0003-0363-9873 gjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-9873","contributorId":2959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gary","email":"gjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":190195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27717,"text":"wri994008 - 1999 - Estimating the magnitude of peak flows for streams in Maine for selected recurrence intervals","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":27717,"text":"wri994008 - 1999 - Estimating the magnitude of peak flows for streams in Maine for selected recurrence intervals","indexId":"wri994008","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Estimating the Magnitude of Peak Flows for Streams in Maine for Selected Recurrence Intervals","title":"Estimating the magnitude of peak flows for streams in Maine for selected recurrence intervals"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70215422,"text":"sir20205092 - 2020 - Estimating flood magnitude and frequency on gaged and ungaged streams in Maine","indexId":"sir20205092","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"Estimating flood magnitude and frequency on gaged and ungaged streams in Maine"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70215422,"text":"sir20205092 - 2020 - Estimating flood magnitude and frequency on gaged and ungaged streams in Maine","indexId":"sir20205092","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"Estimating flood magnitude and frequency on gaged and ungaged streams in Maine"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-07T16:38:58.124541","indexId":"wri994008","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4008","displayTitle":"Estimating the Magnitude of Peak Flows for Streams in Maine for Selected Recurrence Intervals","title":"Estimating the magnitude of peak flows for streams in Maine for selected recurrence intervals","docAbstract":"This report gives estimates of, and presents techniques for estimating, the magnitude of peak flows for streams in Maine for recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 500 years. A flowchart in this report guides the user to the appropriate estimates and (or) estimating techniques for a site on a specific stream. \r\n\r\nSection 1, 'Estimates of peak flows and maximum recorded flows at USGS streamflow-gaging stations,' contains peak-flow estimates and the maximum recorded flows at 98 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-gaging stations. In the development of the peak-flow estimates at gaging stations, a new generalized skew coefficient was calculated for Maine. This single statewide value of 0.029 (with a standard error of prediction of 0.297) is more accurate for Maine than the national skew isoline map in Bulletin 17B of the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data. \r\n\r\nTwo techniques are presented to estimate the peak flows for ungaged, unregulated streams in rural drainage basins. These two techniques were developed using generalized least squares regression procedures at 70 USGS gaging stations in Maine and eastern New Hampshire. Section 2, 'Estimating peak flows for ungaged, unregulated streams in rural drainage basins,' uses the final explanatory variables of drainage area and basin wetlands. The average standard error of prediction for the 100-year peak flow regression equation in section 2 was 48.6 percent to -32.7 percent. Drainage area was the only explanatory variable used in section 3, 'Estimating peak flows for ungaged, unregulated streams in rural drainage basins - Simplified technique.' The average standard error of prediction for the 100-year peak flow regression equation in section 3 was 80.3 percent to -44.5 percent. \r\n\r\nSection 4 of the report describes techniques for estimating peak flows for ungaged sites on gaged, unregulated streams in rural drainage basins. Section 5, 'Estimating peak flows for ungaged, unregulated streams in urbanized drainage basins,' describes regression equations for use when a drainage basin is urbanized. These urban regression equations come from a previous USGS nationwide study. As stated in section 6, because peak flows on regulated streams are dependent on variable human actions, estimating peak flows at ungaged sites on regulated streams is beyond the scope of this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Maine Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Hodgkins, G.A., 1999, Estimating the magnitude of peak flows for streams in Maine for selected recurrence intervals: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4008, Report: iv, 45 p.; Computer program, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994008.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 45 p.; Computer program","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481801,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr75292","text":"Superseded Publication:","linkHelpText":"A technique for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in Maine(1975)"},{"id":124568,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4008/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56561,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4008/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72,43 ], [ -72,48 ], [ -66.5,48 ], [ -66.5,43 ], [ -72,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc2df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31022,"text":"wri994012 - 1999 - Ground-water levels and flow directions in the glacial sediments and the Lockport Dolomite in southeastern Darke and northeastern Preble counties, Ohio, July 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T10:20:44","indexId":"wri994012","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4012","title":"Ground-water levels and flow directions in the glacial sediments and the Lockport Dolomite in southeastern Darke and northeastern Preble counties, Ohio, July 1998","docAbstract":"During the summer of 1997, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) began an emergency removal action at the Lewisburg Drum Site in northern Preble County, Ohio. The site is about 3 miles west-northwest of the village of Lewisburg. The USEPA removed about 1,200 drums of waste ink from the site, as well as 2,500 cubic yards of contaminated soil and 100,000 gallons of ground water. Because of the potential for off-site migration of ground-water contamination, USEPA sampled residential wells in the area; results from the samples collected by USEPA indicated that the quality of water in some privately owned wells may have been affected by contaminants from the site. However, the directions of ground-water flow in the area were not known. In 1998, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the USEPA, measure water levels in the vicinity of the site. This map will aid in the interpretation of the water-quality data collected by USEPA.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/wri994012","usgsCitation":"Dumouchelle, D.H., 1999, Ground-water levels and flow directions in the glacial sediments and the Lockport Dolomite in southeastern Darke and northeastern Preble counties, Ohio, July 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4012, 31.18 x 23.49 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994012.","productDescription":"31.18 x 23.49 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri994012.PNG"},{"id":326622,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4012/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Ohio","county":"Darke County, Preble County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.69841003417969,\n 39.78321267821705\n ],\n [\n -84.69841003417969,\n 40.0076315603083\n ],\n [\n -84.47319030761719,\n 40.0076315603083\n ],\n [\n -84.47319030761719,\n 39.78321267821705\n ],\n [\n -84.69841003417969,\n 39.78321267821705\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db66827b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumouchelle, Denise H. ddumouch@usgs.gov","contributorId":1847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumouchelle","given":"Denise","email":"ddumouch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22899,"text":"ofr99213 - 1999 - Index of hydrologic characteristics and data resources for the Gwynns Falls watershed, Baltimore County and Baltimore City, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-02T19:58:06.583871","indexId":"ofr99213","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-213","title":"Index of hydrologic characteristics and data resources for the Gwynns Falls watershed, Baltimore County and Baltimore City, Maryland","docAbstract":"The Gwynns Falls watershed has been selected as the primary study area for the Baltimore Ecosystem Study, as part of the National Science Foundation?s Long-Term Ecological Research program. Because the Baltimore Ecosystem Study will be investigating long-term hydrologic changes in the Gwynns Falls watershed, a compilation of existing data resources for the watershed is necessary. \r\n\r\nThis report discusses hydrologic characteristics and presents a compilation of historical data resources for the Gwynns Falls watershed. Tables are presented that list active and discontinued continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations, nontidal crest-stage partial-record stations, low-flow partial-record stations, and water-quality partial-record stations operated by the U.S. Geological Survey, Maryland-Delaware-D. C. District, in the Gwynns Falls watershed. Statistics regarding the number of inventoried ground-water wellsin or bordering the Gwynns Falls watershed also are presented. A summary of additional data resources for the Gwynns Falls watershed is provided. This includes (1) an inventory of selected U.S. Geological Survey studies and reports that contain historical data or basin characteristics for streams in the watershed, (2) a listing of indirect flood-discharge measurements that have been made at several monitoring stations in the watershed, (3) a brief discussion of channel-stability and bridge-scour data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in the watershed during 1990?95, (4) a listing of climatological data stations in the watershed and in the surrounding regional area, and (5) a listing of other selected reports that include data or information on the Gwynns Falls watershed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99213","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Doheny, E.J., 1999, Index of hydrologic characteristics and data resources for the Gwynns Falls watershed, Baltimore County and Baltimore City, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-213, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99213.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1362,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr99-213/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":392398,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22763.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Baltimore County","city":"Baltimore","otherGeospatial":"Gwynns Falls watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.04711914062499,\n 39.193948213963665\n ],\n [\n -76.5802001953125,\n 39.193948213963665\n ],\n [\n -76.5802001953125,\n 39.68182601089365\n ],\n [\n -77.04711914062499,\n 39.68182601089365\n ],\n [\n -77.04711914062499,\n 39.193948213963665\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0ddc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doheny, Edward J. 0000-0002-6043-3241 ejdoheny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6043-3241","contributorId":4495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doheny","given":"Edward","email":"ejdoheny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":189098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27026,"text":"wri984217 - 1999 - Magmatic carbon dioxide emissions at Mammoth Mountain, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-30T14:18:49.843552","indexId":"wri984217","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4217","title":"Magmatic carbon dioxide emissions at Mammoth Mountain, California","docAbstract":"Carbon dioxide (CO2) of magmatic origin is seeping out of the ground in unusual quantities at several locations around the flanks of Mammoth Mountain, a dormant volcano in Eastern California. The most recent volcanic activity on Mammoth Mountain was steam eruptions about 600 years ago, but seismic swarms and long-period earthquakes over the past decade are evidence of an active magmatic system at depth. The CO2 emission probably began in 1990 but was not recognized until 1994. Seismic swarms and minor ground deformation during 1989, believed to be results of a shallow intrusion of magma beneath Mammoth Mountain, probably triggered the release of C01, which persists in 1998.
The CO2 gas is at ambient temperatures and emanates diffusely from the soil surface rather than flowing from distinct vents. The CO2 has collected in the soil by displacing air in the pore spaces and reaches concentrations of greater than 95 percent by volume in places. The total area affected by high CO2 concentrations and high CO2 flux from the soil surface was estimated at 60 hectares in 1997. Coniferous forest covering about 40 hectares has been killed by high CO2, concentrations in the root zone.
In more than 300 soil-gas samples collected from depths of 0.5 to 2 m in 1995, CO2 concentrations ranged from background levels (less than 1 percent) to greater than 95 percent by volume. At 250 locations, CO2 flux was measured using a closed chamber in 1996; values, in grams per square meter per day, ranged from background (less than 25) to more than 30,000. On the basis of these data, the total emission of magmatic CO2, in 1996 is estimated to be about 530 megagrams per day.
Concentrations of CO2, exceeding Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards have been measured in pits dug in soil and snow, in poorly ventilated buildings, and in below-ground valve-boxes around Mammoth Mountain. CO2, concentrations greater than 10 percent in poorly ventilated spaces are not uncommon on some parts of Mammoth Mountain. Humans and other animals exposed to CO2 concentrations greater than 10 percent could lose consciousness and die rapidly. With knowledge of the problem and reasonable caution, however, the health hazard to humans can be avoided.
As noted earlier, the CO2 emission is related to magmatic activity at depth, but at present (1998) it does not portend an imminent volcanic eruption.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984217","usgsCitation":"Farrar, C.D., Neil, J.M., and Howle, J.F., 1999, Magmatic carbon dioxide emissions at Mammoth Mountain, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4217, Report: iv, 34 p.; 1 Plate: 39.34 x 34.82 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984217.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 34 p.; 1 Plate: 39.34 x 34.82 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":431613,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4217/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2189,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri98-4217/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":270605,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4217/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158571,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4217/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mammoth Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.25659179687499,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -118.564453125,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -118.564453125,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -119.25659179687499,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -119.25659179687499,\n 37.42252593456307\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db649224","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farrar, Christopher D. cdfarrar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"Christopher","email":"cdfarrar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":197431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neil, John M.","contributorId":13957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neil","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howle, James F. 0000-0003-0491-6203 jfhowle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-6203","contributorId":2225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howle","given":"James","email":"jfhowle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24889,"text":"ofr99184 - 1999 - Upgrade to MODFLOW-GUI; addition of MODPATH, ZONEBDGT, and additional MODFLOW packages to the U.S. Geological Survey MODFLOW-96 Graphical-User Interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T19:06:04","indexId":"ofr99184","displayToPublicDate":"2000-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-184","title":"Upgrade to MODFLOW-GUI; addition of MODPATH, ZONEBDGT, and additional MODFLOW packages to the U.S. Geological Survey MODFLOW-96 Graphical-User Interface","docAbstract":"This report describes enhancements to a Graphical-User Interface (GUI) for MODFLOW-96, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) modular, three-dimensional, finitedifference ground-water flow model, and MOC3D, the USGS three-dimensional, method-ofcharacteristics solute-transport model. The GUI is a plug-in extension (PIE) for the commercial program Argus ONEe. The GUI has been modified to support MODPATH (a particle tracking post-processing package for MODFLOW), ZONEBDGT (a computer program for calculating subregional water budgets), and the Stream, Horizontal-Flow Barrier, and Flow and Head Boundary packages in MODFLOW. Context-sensitive help has been added to make the GUI easier to use and to understand. In large part, the help consists of quotations from the relevant sections of this report and its predecessors. The revised interface includes automatic creation of geospatial information layers required for the added programs and packages, and menus and dialog boxes for input of parameters for simulation control. The GUI creates formatted ASCII files that can be read by MODFLOW-96, MOC3D, MODPATH, and ZONEBDGT. All four programs can be executed within the Argus ONEe application (Argus Interware, Inc., 1997). Spatial results of MODFLOW-96, MOC3D, and MODPATH can be visualized within Argus ONEe. Results from ZONEBDGT can be visualized in an independent program that can also be used to view budget data from MODFLOW, MOC3D, and SUTRA. Another independent program extracts hydrographs of head or drawdown at individual cells from formatted MODFLOW head and drawdown files. A web-based tutorial on the use of MODFLOW with Argus ONE has also been updated. The internal structure of the GUI has been modified to make it possible for advanced users to easily customize the GUI. Two additional, independent PIEs were developed to allow users to edit the positions of nodes and to facilitate exporting the grid geometry to external programs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99184","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Winston, R., 1999, Upgrade to MODFLOW-GUI; addition of MODPATH, ZONEBDGT, and additional MODFLOW packages to the U.S. Geological Survey MODFLOW-96 Graphical-User Interface: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-184, vi, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99184.","productDescription":"vi, 72 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":53877,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0184/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0184/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1883,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nrp/gwsoftware/modflow-gui/mfgui_30.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60e6b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winston, R.B.","contributorId":32950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winston","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}