{"pageNumber":"155","pageRowStart":"3850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10458,"records":[{"id":70095190,"text":"70095190 - 2014 - Variability in seroprevalence of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies and associated factors in a Colorado population of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-20T12:37:27","indexId":"70095190","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-24T08:08:43","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability in seroprevalence of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies and associated factors in a Colorado population of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus)","docAbstract":"In 2001–2005 we sampled permanently marked big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) at summer roosts in buildings at Fort Collins, Colorado, for rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA). Seroprevalence was higher in adult females (17.9%, n = 2,332) than males (9.4%, n = 128; P = 0.007) or volant juveniles (10.2%, n = 738; P<0.0001). Seroprevalence was lowest in a drought year with local insecticide use and highest in the year with normal conditions, suggesting that environmental stress may suppress RVNA production in big brown bats. Seroprevalence also increased with age of bat, and varied from 6.2 to 26.7% among adult females at five roosts sampled each year for five years. Seroprevalence of adult females at 17 other roosts sampled for 1 to 4 years ranged from 0.0 to 47.1%. Using logistic regression, the only ranking model in our candidate set of explanatory variables for serological status at first sampling included year, day of season, and a year by day of season interaction that varied with relative drought conditions. The presence or absence of antibodies in individual bats showed temporal variability. Year alone provided the best model to explain the likelihood of adult female bats showing a transition to seronegative from a previously seropositive state. Day of the season was the only competitive model to explain the likelihood of a transition from seronegative to seropositive, which increased as the season progressed. We found no rabies viral RNA in oropharyngeal secretions of 261 seropositive bats or in organs of 13 euthanized seropositive bats. Survival of seropositive and seronegative bats did not differ. The presence of RVNA in serum of bats should not be interpreted as evidence for ongoing rabies infection.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"PLoS One","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0086261","usgsCitation":"O’Shea, T., Bowen, R.A., Stanley, T.R., Shankar, V., and Rupprecht, C.E., 2014, Variability in seroprevalence of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies and associated factors in a Colorado population of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus): PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 1, e86261, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086261.","productDescription":"e86261, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-052494","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086261","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":282923,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086261"},{"id":282924,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Fort Collins","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.153,40.474 ], [ -105.153,40.639 ], [ -104.892,40.639 ], [ -104.892,40.474 ], [ -105.153,40.474 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351706ce4b05569d805a435","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Shea, Thomas J.","contributorId":89442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Shea","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, Richard A.","contributorId":64145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanley, Thomas R. 0000-0002-8393-0005 stanleyt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-0005","contributorId":209928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Thomas","email":"stanleyt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shankar, Vidya","contributorId":8754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shankar","given":"Vidya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rupprecht, Charles E.","contributorId":95774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupprecht","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70094482,"text":"70094482 - 2014 - Cenozoic planktonic marine diatom diversity and correlation to climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-20T09:25:19","indexId":"70094482","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-20T09:14:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cenozoic planktonic marine diatom diversity and correlation to climate change","docAbstract":"Marine planktonic diatoms export carbon to the deep ocean, playing a key role in the global carbon cycle. Although commonly thought to have diversified over the Cenozoic as global oceans cooled, only two conflicting quantitative reconstructions exist, both from the Neptune deep-sea microfossil occurrences database. Total diversity shows Cenozoic increase but is sample size biased; conventional subsampling shows little net change. We calculate diversity from a separately compiled new diatom species range catalog, and recalculate Neptune subsampled-in-bin diversity using new methods to correct for increasing Cenozoic geographic endemism and decreasing Cenozoic evenness. We find coherent, substantial Cenozoic diversification in both datasets. Many living cold water species, including species important for export productivity, originate only in the latest Miocene or younger. We make a first quantitative comparison of diatom diversity to the global Cenozoic benthic ∂<sup>18</sup>O (climate) and carbon cycle records (∂<sup>13</sup>C, and 20-0 Ma pCO<sub>2</sub>). Warmer climates are strongly correlated with lower diatom diversity (raw: rho = .92, p<.001; detrended, r = .6, p = .01). Diatoms were 20% less diverse in the early late Miocene, when temperatures and pCO<sub>2</sub> were only moderately higher than today. Diversity is strongly correlated to both ∂<sup>13</sup>C and pCO<sub>2</sub> over the last 15 my (for both: r>.9, detrended r>.6, all p<.001), but only weakly over the earlier Cenozoic, suggesting increasingly strong linkage of diatom and climate evolution in the Neogene. Our results suggest that many living marine planktonic diatom species may be at risk of extinction in future warm oceans, with an unknown but potentially substantial negative impact on the ocean biologic pump and oceanic carbon sequestration. We cannot however extrapolate our my-scale correlations with generic climate proxies to anthropogenic time-scales of warming without additional species-specific information on proximate ecologic controls.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0084857","usgsCitation":"Lazarus, D., Barron, J., Renaudie, J., Diver, P., and Turke, A., 2014, Cenozoic planktonic marine diatom diversity and correlation to climate change: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 1, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084857.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":473169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084857","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":282560,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282559,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084857"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351702be4b05569d805a18a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lazarus, David","contributorId":71877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazarus","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barron, John","contributorId":87059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Renaudie, Johan","contributorId":17908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renaudie","given":"Johan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diver, Patrick","contributorId":41329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diver","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Turke, Andreas","contributorId":97419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turke","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70156362,"text":"70156362 - 2014 - A spatial modeling framework to evaluate domestic biofuel-induced potential land use changed and emissions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-09T15:26:54.027335","indexId":"70156362","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A spatial modeling framework to evaluate domestic biofuel-induced potential land use changed and emissions","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present a novel bottom-up approach to estimate biofuel-induced land-use change (LUC) and resulting CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;emissions in the U.S. from 2010 to 2022, based on a consistent methodology across four essential components: land availability, land suitability, LUC decision-making, and induced CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;emissions. Using high-resolution geospatial data and modeling, we construct probabilistic assessments of county-, state-, and national-level LUC and emissions for macroeconomic scenarios. We use the Cropland Data Layer and the Protected Areas Database to characterize availability of land for biofuel crop cultivation, and the CERES-Maize and BioCro biophysical crop growth models to estimate the suitability (yield potential) of available lands for biofuel crops. For LUC decisionmaking, we use a county-level stochastic partial-equilibrium modeling framework and consider five scenarios involving annual ethanol production scaling to 15, 22, and 29 BG, respectively, in 2022, with corn providing feedstock for the first 15 BG and the remainder coming from one of two dedicated energy crops. Finally, we derive high-resolution above-ground carbon factors from the National Biomass and Carbon Data set to estimate emissions from each LUC pathway. Based on these inputs, we obtain estimates for average total LUC emissions of 6.1, 2.2, 1.0, 2.2, and 2.4 gCO2e/MJ for Corn-15 Billion gallons (BG),&nbsp;</span><i>Miscanthus × giganteus</i><span>&nbsp;(MxG)-7 BG, Switchgrass (SG)-7 BG, MxG-14 BG, and SG-14 BG scenarios, respectively.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Science & Technology","doi":"10.1021/es404546r","usgsCitation":"Elliot, J., Sharma, B., Best, N., Glotter, M., Dunn, J.B., Foster, I., Miguez, F., Mueller, S., and Wang, M., 2014, A spatial modeling framework to evaluate domestic biofuel-induced potential land use changed and emissions: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 48, no. 4, p. 2488-2486, https://doi.org/10.1021/es404546r.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2488","endPage":"2486","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307002,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70093719,"text":"70093719 - 2014 - Metolachlor metabolite (MESA) reveals agricultural nitrate-N fate and transport in Choptank River watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-12T09:49:08","indexId":"70093719","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-11T09:38:45","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metolachlor metabolite (MESA) reveals agricultural nitrate-N fate and transport in Choptank River watershed","docAbstract":"Over 50% of streams in the Chesapeake Bay watershed have been rated as poor or very poor based on the index of biological integrity. The Choptank River estuary, a Bay tributary on the eastern shore, is one such waterway, where corn and soybean production in upland areas of the watershed contribute significant loads of nutrients and sediment to streams. We adopted a novel approach utilizing the relationship between the concentration of nitrate-N and the stable, water-soluble herbicide degradation product MESA {2-[2-ethyl-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)-6-methylanilino]-2-oxoethanesulfonic acid} to distinguish between dilution and denitrification effects on the stream concentration of nitrate-N in agricultural subwatersheds. The ratio of mean nitrate-N concentration/(mean MESA concentration * 1000) for 15 subwatersheds was examined as a function of percent cropland on hydric soil. This inverse relationship (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.65, p < 0.001) takes into consideration not only dilution and denitrification of nitrate-N, but also the stream sampling bias of the croplands caused by extensive drainage ditch networks. MESA was also used to track nitrate-N concentrations within the estuary of the Choptank River. The relationship between nitrate-N and MESA concentrations in samples collected over three years was linear (0.95 ≤ R<sup>2</sup> ≤ 0.99) for all eight sampling dates except one where R<sup>2</sup> = 0.90. This very strong correlation indicates that nitrate-N was conserved in much of the Choptank River estuary, that dilution alone is responsible for the changes in nitrate-N and MESA concentrations, and more importantly nitrate-N loads are not reduced in the estuary prior to entering the Chesapeake Bay. Thus, a critical need exists to minimize nutrient export from agricultural production fields and to identify specific conservation practices to address the hydrologic conditions within each subwatershed. In well drained areas, removal of residual N within the cropland is most critical, and practices such as cover crops which sequester the residual N should be strongly encouraged. In poorly drained areas where denitrification can occur, wetland restoration and controlled drained structures that minimize ditch flow should be used to maximize denitrification.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.017","usgsCitation":"McCarty, G.W., Hapeman, C.J., Rice, C.P., Hively, W., McConnell, L.L., Sadeghi, A.M., Lang, M., Whitall, D.R., Bialek, K., and Downey, P., 2014, Metolachlor metabolite (MESA) reveals agricultural nitrate-N fate and transport in Choptank River watershed: Science of the Total Environment, v. 473-474, p. 473-482, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.017.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"473","endPage":"482","ipdsId":"IP-024932","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282294,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.017"},{"id":282286,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896971301471X#"}],"state":"Delaware;Maryl","otherGeospatial":"Choptank River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.1834,37.9472 ], [ -76.1834,39.4227 ], [ -75.0606,39.4227 ], [ -75.0606,37.9472 ], [ -76.1834,37.9472 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"473-474","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517055e4b05569d805a32d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarty, Gregory W.","contributorId":78861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarty","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hapeman, Cathleen J.","contributorId":63154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapeman","given":"Cathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rice, Clifford P.","contributorId":56594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hively, W. Dean 0000-0002-5383-8064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-8064","contributorId":9391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hively","given":"W. Dean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McConnell, Laura L.","contributorId":106437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConnell","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sadeghi, Ali M.","contributorId":50645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sadeghi","given":"Ali","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lang, Megan W.","contributorId":58014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lang","given":"Megan W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Whitall, David R.","contributorId":24908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitall","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bialek, Krystyna","contributorId":92968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bialek","given":"Krystyna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Downey, Peter","contributorId":57767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downey","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70074813,"text":"70074813 - 2014 - Market forces and technological substitutes cause fluctuations in the value of bat pest-control services for cotton","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T14:47:41","indexId":"70074813","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-05T13:43:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Market forces and technological substitutes cause fluctuations in the value of bat pest-control services for cotton","docAbstract":"Critics of the market-based, ecosystem services approach to biodiversity conservation worry that volatile market conditions and technological substitutes will diminish the value of ecosystem services and obviate the “economic benefits” arguments for conservation. To explore the effects of market forces and substitutes on service values, we assessed how the value of the pest-control services provided by Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana) to cotton production in the southwestern U.S. has changed over time. We calculated service values each year from 1990 through 2008 by estimating the value of avoided crop damage and the reduced social and private costs of insecticide use in the presence of bats. Over this period, the ecosystem service value declined by 79% ($19.09 million U.S. dollars) due to the introduction and widespread adoption of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) cotton transgenically modified to express its own pesticide, falling global cotton prices and the reduction in the number of hectares in the U.S. planted with cotton. Our results demonstrate that fluctuations in market conditions can cause temporal variation in ecosystem service values even when ecosystem function – in this case bat population numbers – is held constant. Evidence is accumulating, however, of the evolution of pest resistance to Bt cotton, suggesting that the value of bat pest-control services may increase again. This gives rise to an economic option value argument for conserving Mexican free-tailed bat populations. We anticipate that these results will spur discussion about the role of ecosystem services in biodiversity conservation in general, and bat conservation in particular.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0087912","usgsCitation":"López-Hoffman, L., Wiederholt, R., Sansone, C., Bagstad, K.J., Cryan, P.M., Diffendorfer, J., Goldstein, J., LaSharr, K., Loomis, J., McCracken, G., Medellin, R., Russell, A., and Semmens, D.J., 2014, Market forces and technological substitutes cause fluctuations in the value of bat pest-control services for cotton: PLoS ONE, v. 2, no. 9, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087912.","productDescription":"7 p.","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049522","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087912","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":282030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282029,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087912"}],"volume":"2","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52f35e28e4b0b03a191c6ddb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"López-Hoffman, Laura","contributorId":77397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"López-Hoffman","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiederholt, Ruscena","contributorId":69464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiederholt","given":"Ruscena","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sansone, Chris","contributorId":44832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sansone","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bagstad, Kenneth J. 0000-0001-8857-5615 kjbagstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-5615","contributorId":3680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagstad","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjbagstad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894 cryanp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":2356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul","email":"cryanp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Diffendorfer, James E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":3208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"James E.","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goldstein, Joshua","contributorId":105224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Joshua","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"LaSharr, Kelsie","contributorId":108397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaSharr","given":"Kelsie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Loomis, John","contributorId":60746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loomis","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McCracken, Gary","contributorId":38885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCracken","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Medellin, Rodrigo A.","contributorId":77456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medellin","given":"Rodrigo A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Russell, Amy","contributorId":38884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Amy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Semmens, Darius J. 0000-0001-7924-6529 dsemmens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6529","contributorId":1714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semmens","given":"Darius","email":"dsemmens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70058700,"text":"70058700 - 2014 - Variables that affect agricultural chemicals in groundwater in Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-05T10:05:21","indexId":"70058700","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-02T13:20:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variables that affect agricultural chemicals in groundwater in Nebraska","docAbstract":"Agricultural chemicals from nonpoint\nsources in groundwater are present in the major provinces\nof the High Plains aquifer in Nebraska. Nitrate and\ntriazine-herbicide concentrations in groundwater were\nassessed to establish preliminary relations between these\nconstituents and selected hydrogeologic, climatic, and\nland-use variables. Also, macropore flow paths were\nmeasured in an attempt to delineate their contribution\nto non-point source pollution from the study areas.\nWater from 82 wells in six study areas was analyzed\nfor nitrate; water from 57 of the 82 wells was analyzed\nfor triazine herbicides. Twenty-one independent variables\nwere identified that could potentially affect chemical\nconcentrations in groundwater. Data for 9 of 21\nindependent variables suspected of affecting concentrations\nof nitrate and triazine herbicides in groundwater\nwere collected from the well sites. The nine variables\nand their measured ranges were hydraulic gradient,\n0.0006–0.0053; hydraulic conductivity, 1.5–45.4 m\n(5–149 ft) per day; specific discharge, 0.004–0.091 m\n(0.0128–0.2998 ft) per day; depth to water, 0.91–76 m\n(3–250 ft); well depth, 12–168 m (40–550 ft); annual\nprecipitation, 30–100 cm (12.0–39.3 in.); soil permeability,\n1.9–23 cm (0.76–9.0 in.); irrigation-well density,\n0–8 irrigation wells per 2.59 km<sup>2</sup> (1 square mile); and\nannual nitrogen fertilizer use, 0–118 kg (0–260 lb) of\nnitrogen per acre. Macropore flow is listed in percent,\naverage per study area based on determinations from\ndye studies. In this instance, macropore flow is used to\nalso entail preferential flow paths. Nitrate concentrations\nranged from 0.1 to 45 mgL<sup>−1</sup>. Triazine-herbicide concentrations\nwere detected in samples from five of the six\nstudy areas in concentrations ranging from 0.1 to\n2.3 μL<sup>−1</sup>. Analysis indicated that there were significant\ndifferences in nitrate concentrations (averages-at 95 %\nconfidence level using Kendall Test) among the six\nstudy areas; no significant differences in triazineherbicide\nconcentrations were found. Concentrations\nof nitrate and triazine herbicide were determined (using\ncontingency-table analysis), to be significantly larger in\nmore intensively irrigated areas compared to less intensively\nirrigated areas. Preliminary correlations with the\nindependent variables and nitrate concentrations indicated\nsignificant relations at the 95%confidence level with\nvariables hydraulic conductivity, well depth, and irrigation\nwell density. Correlations with triazine-herbicide\nconcentrations indicated significant relations with hydraulic\nconductivity, specific discharge, well depth, annual\nprecipitation, and irrigation well density, as well as\nnitrate concentrations. Simple multiple-regression technique\nindicated that well depth and density and fertilizer\nuse explained about 51 % of the variation in nitrate\nconcentrations. Specific discharge and well depth explained\nabout 60 % of the variation in triazine-herbicide\nconcentrations. Macropore flow paths and specific discharge\nexplained 84 % of the total variation in triazineherbicide\nconcentrations. The use of trade names in this\nreport is for identification purposes only and does not\nconstitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-013-1862-0","usgsCitation":"Tindall, J.A., and Chen, A., 2014, Variables that affect agricultural chemicals in groundwater in Nebraska: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 255, no. 1862, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1862-0.","productDescription":"18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-051590","costCenters":[{"id":435,"text":"National Research Program - Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281990,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1862-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0535,39.9999 ], [ -104.0535,43.0017 ], [ -95.3083,43.0017 ], [ -95.3083,39.9999 ], [ -104.0535,39.9999 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"255","issue":"1862","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351706de4b05569d805a439","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tindall, James A. 0000-0002-0940-1586 jtindall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-1586","contributorId":2529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tindall","given":"James","email":"jtindall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Abraham","contributorId":73918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Abraham","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70099912,"text":"70099912 - 2014 - On the role of budget sufficiency, cost efficiency, and uncertainty in species management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:04:20","indexId":"70099912","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T14:24:42","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the role of budget sufficiency, cost efficiency, and uncertainty in species management","docAbstract":"Many conservation planning frameworks rely on the assumption that one should prioritize locations for management actions based on the highest predicted conservation value (i.e., abundance, occupancy). This strategy may underperform relative to the expected outcome if one is working with a limited budget or the predicted responses are uncertain. Yet, cost and tolerance to uncertainty rarely become part of species management plans. We used field data and predictive models to simulate a decision problem involving western burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) using prairie dog colonies (Cynomys ludovicianus) in western Nebraska. We considered 2 species management strategies: one maximized abundance and the other maximized abundance in a cost-efficient way. We then used heuristic decision algorithms to compare the 2 strategies in terms of how well they met a hypothetical conservation objective. Finally, we performed an info-gap decision analysis to determine how these strategies performed under different budget constraints and uncertainty about owl response. Our results suggested that when budgets were sufficient to manage all sites, the maximizing strategy was optimal and suggested investing more in expensive actions. This pattern persisted for restricted budgets up to approximately 50% of the sufficient budget. Below this budget, the cost-efficient strategy was optimal and suggested investing in cheaper actions. When uncertainty in the expected responses was introduced, the strategy that maximized abundance remained robust under a sufficient budget. Reducing the budget induced a slight trade-off between expected performance and robustness, which suggested that the most robust strategy depended both on one's budget and tolerance to uncertainty. Our results suggest that wildlife managers should explicitly account for budget limitations and be realistic about their expected levels of performance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.638","usgsCitation":"van der Burg, M.P., Bly, B.B., Vercauteren, T., Grand, J.B., and Tyre, A.J., 2014, On the role of budget sufficiency, cost efficiency, and uncertainty in species management: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 1, p. 153-163, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.638.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"163","ipdsId":"IP-041133","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285023,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.638"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0535,39.9999 ], [ -104.0535,43.0017 ], [ -95.3083,43.0017 ], [ -95.3083,39.9999 ], [ -104.0535,39.9999 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"78","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517059e4b05569d805a356","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van der Burg, Max Post","contributorId":92580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van der Burg","given":"Max","email":"","middleInitial":"Post","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bly, Bartholomew B.","contributorId":106011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bly","given":"Bartholomew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vercauteren, Tammy","contributorId":23064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vercauteren","given":"Tammy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tyre, Andrew J.","contributorId":10720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyre","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70101155,"text":"70101155 - 2014 - 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology, Isotope Geochemistry (Sr, Nd, Pb), and petrology of alkaline lavas near Yampa, Colorado: migration of alkaline volcanism and evolution of the northern Rio Grande rift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-10T13:58:38","indexId":"70101155","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T13:55:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"40Ar/39Ar Geochronology, Isotope Geochemistry (Sr, Nd, Pb), and petrology of alkaline lavas near Yampa, Colorado: migration of alkaline volcanism and evolution of the northern Rio Grande rift","docAbstract":"Volcanic rocks near Yampa, Colorado (USA), represent one of several small late Miocene to Quaternary alkaline volcanic fields along the northeast margin of the Colorado Plateau. Basanite, trachybasalt, and basalt collected from six sites within the Yampa volcanic field were investigated to assess correlations with late Cenozoic extension and Rio Grande rifting. In this paper we report major and trace element rock and mineral compositions and Ar, Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope data for these volcanic rocks. High-precision 40Ar/39Ar geochronology indicates westward migration of volcanism within the Yampa volcanic field between 6 and 4.5 Ma, and the Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope values are consistent with a primary source in the Proterozoic subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Relict olivine phenocrysts have Mg- and Ni-rich cores, whereas unmelted clinopyroxene cores are Na and Si enriched with finely banded Ca-, Mg-, Al-, and Ti-enriched rims, thus tracing their crystallization history from a lithospheric mantle source region to one in contact with melt prior to eruption. A regional synthesis of Neogene and younger volcanism within the Rio Grande rift corridor, from northern New Mexico to southern Wyoming, supports a systematic overall southwest migration of alkaline volcanism. We interpret this Neogene to Quaternary migration of volcanism toward the northeast margin of the Colorado Plateau to record passage of melt through subvertical zones within the lithosphere weakened by late Cenozoic extension. If the locus of Quaternary alkaline magmatism defines the current location of the Rio Grande rift, it includes the Leucite Hills, Wyoming. We suggest that alkaline volcanism in the incipient northern Rio Grande rift, north of Leadville, Colorado, represents melting of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle in response to transient infiltration of asthenospheric mantle into deep, subvertical zones of dilational crustal weakness developed during late Cenozoic extension that have been migrating toward, and subparallel to, the northeast margin of the Colorado Plateau since the middle Miocene. Quaternary volcanism within this northern Rio Grande rift corridor is evidence that the rift is continuing to evolve.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/GES00921.1","usgsCitation":"Cosca, M.A., Thompson, R.A., Lee, J.P., Turner, K.J., Neymark, L.A., and Premo, W.R., 2014, 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology, Isotope Geochemistry (Sr, Nd, Pb), and petrology of alkaline lavas near Yampa, Colorado: migration of alkaline volcanism and evolution of the northern Rio Grande rift: Geology, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00921.1.","ipdsId":"IP-044362","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00921.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286215,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286214,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00921.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Yampa","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande Rift","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.913309,40.148579 ], [ -106.913309,40.157725 ], [ -106.901999,40.157725 ], [ -106.901999,40.148579 ], [ -106.913309,40.148579 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53516eb1e4b05569d8059d11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Ren A. 0000-0002-3044-3043 rathomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3043","contributorId":1265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ren","email":"rathomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, John P. jplee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"John","email":"jplee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turner, Kenzie J. 0000-0002-4940-3981 kturner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4940-3981","contributorId":496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Kenzie","email":"kturner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neymark, Leonid A. lneymark@usgs.gov","contributorId":532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"Leonid","email":"lneymark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Premo, Wayne R. 0000-0001-9904-4801 wpremo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":1697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"Wayne","email":"wpremo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70103842,"text":"70103842 - 2014 - Temporal and spatial distributions of cold-water corals in the Drake Passage: insights from the last 35,000 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-08T13:22:47","indexId":"70103842","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T13:11:44","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spatial distributions of cold-water corals in the Drake Passage: insights from the last 35,000 years","docAbstract":"Scleractinian corals have a global distribution ranging from shallow tropical seas to the depths of the Southern Ocean. Although this distribution is indicative of the corals having a tolerance to a wide spectrum of environmental conditions, individual species seem to be restricted to a much narrower range of ecosystem variables. One way to ascertain the tolerances of corals, with particular focus on the potential impacts of changing climate, is to reconstruct their growth history across a range of environmental regimes. This study examines the spatial and temporal distribution of the solitary scleractinian corals <i>Desmophyllum dianthus, Gardineria antarctica, Balanophyllia malouinensis, Caryophyllia spp.</i> and <i>Flabellum spp.</i> from five sites in the Drake Passage which cross the major frontal zones. A rapid reconnaissance radiocarbon method was used to date more than 850 individual corals. Coupled with U-Th dating, an age range of present day back to more than 100 thousand years was established for corals in the region. Within this age range there are distinct changes in the temporal and spatial distributions of these corals, both with depth and latitude, and on millennial timescales. Two major patterns that emerge are: (1) <i>D. dianthus</i> populations show clear variability in their occurrence through time depending on the latitudinal position within the Drake Passage. North of the Subantarctic Front, <i>D. dianthus</i> first appears in the late deglaciation (~17,000 years ago) and persists to today. South of the Polar Front, in contrast, early deglacial periods, with a few modern occurrences. A seamount site between the two fronts exhibits characteristics similar to both the northern and southern sites. This shift across the frontal zones within one species cannot yet be fully explained, but it is likely to be linked to changes in surface productivity, subsurface oxygen concentrations, and carbonate saturation state. (2) at locations where multiple genera were dated, differences in age and depth distribution of the populations provide clear evidence that each genus has unique environmental requirements to sustain its population.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.06.008","usgsCitation":"Margolin, A.R., Robinson, L., Burke, A., Waller, R., Scanlon, K.M., Roberts, M.L., Auro, M.E., and van de Flierdt, T., 2014, Temporal and spatial distributions of cold-water corals in the Drake Passage: insights from the last 35,000 years: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 99, p. 237-248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.06.008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-043740","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140403-091731138","text":"External Repository"},{"id":286996,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286995,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.06.008"}],"otherGeospatial":"Drake Passage","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.0,-67.0 ], [ -85.0,-50.0 ], [ -45.0,-50.0 ], [ -45.0,-67.0 ], [ -85.0,-67.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"99","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"536ca77de4b060efff280de4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Margolin, Andrew R.","contributorId":61343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Margolin","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Laura F.","contributorId":6179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Laura F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burke, Andrea","contributorId":12179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waller, Rhian G.","contributorId":52081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Rhian G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scanlon, Kathryn M.","contributorId":6816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roberts, Mark L.","contributorId":69890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Auro, Maureen E.","contributorId":40900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auro","given":"Maureen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"van de Flierdt, Tina","contributorId":34434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van de Flierdt","given":"Tina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70159439,"text":"70159439 - 2014 - Mineral resource of the month: Iron and steel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-04T11:16:31","indexId":"70159439","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: Iron and steel","docAbstract":"<p>Iron is one of the most abundant elements on Earth, but it does not occur in nature in a useful metallic form. Although ancient people may have recovered some iron from meteorites, it wasn&rsquo;t until smelting was invented that iron metal could be derived from iron oxides. After the beginning of the Iron Age in about 1200 B.C., knowledge of iron- and steelmaking spread from the ancient Middle East through Greece to the Roman Empire, then to Europe and, in the early 17th century, to North America. The first successful furnace in North America began operating in 1646 in what is now Saugus, Mass. Introduction of the Bessemer converter in the mid-19th century made the modern steel age possible.</p>\n<p>Pig iron is a high-carbon alloy made by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace with carbonaceous material, typically coke, as a reducing agent. Limestone is added to the iron ore-coke charge as a fluxing agent to remove impurities. Steel is produced from pig iron by removing some of the carbon in a basic oxygen converter and adding several alloying elements, such as manganese, chromium, copper, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium. Steel is also made by recycling ferrous scrap in an electric arc furnace.</p>\n<p>There are many grades of steel, but the three major types of steel are carbon, alloy and stainless. About 93 percent of the steel made in the United States is carbon steel, which contains a maximum 2 percent carbon. Applications are found in appliances, construction, shipbuilding, containers and packaging, as well as in the automotive, machinery and equipment industries. Alloy steel, about 5 percent of annual production, contains as much as 4 percent alloying elements. Special applications for alloy steel include use in machined parts and tool fabrication. Stainless steel, which accounts for about 2 percent of annual steel production, is formed by adding chromium and usually nickel to steel to make it highly corrosion-resistant.</p>\n<p>Since 2008, steelmaking capacity has greatly exceeded apparent steel consumption, primarily as a result of China&rsquo;s rapid economic expansion and rapidly increasing capacity. This has resulted in an influx of steel products into the United States and other steelmaking countries that already have excess capacity. Demand by China&rsquo;s steelmakers has also driven unprecedented increases in the prices of iron ore and metallurgical coal. In the short term, steelmaking capacity, globally and especially in China, is expected to continue to exceed steel consumption, with steel prices and production costs remaining stable.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geological Institute","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","usgsCitation":"Fenton, M.D., 2014, Mineral resource of the month: Iron and steel: Earth, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069755","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.earthmagazine.org/article/mineral-resource-month-iron-and-steel"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"563b3a45e4b0d6133fe75c6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenton, Michael D. mfenton@usgs.gov","contributorId":2897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenton","given":"Michael","email":"mfenton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70059041,"text":"70059041 - 2014 - Isolation and molecular characterization of a novel picornavirus from baitfish in the USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T10:44:55","indexId":"70059041","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T11:25:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isolation and molecular characterization of a novel picornavirus from baitfish in the USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>During both regulatory and routine surveillance sampling of baitfish from the states of Illinois, Minnesota, Montana, and Wisconsin, USA, isolates (n = 20) of a previously unknown picornavirus were obtained from kidney/spleen or entire viscera of fathead minnows (</span><i>Pimephales promelas</i><span>) and brassy minnows (</span><i>Hybognathus hankinsoni</i><span>). Following the appearance of a diffuse cytopathic effect, examination of cell culture supernatant by negative contrast electron microscopy revealed the presence of small, round virus particles (&sim;30&ndash;32 nm), with picornavirus-like morphology. Amplification and sequence analysis of viral RNA identified the agent as a novel member of the&nbsp;</span><i>Picornaviridae</i><span>&nbsp;family, tentatively named fathead minnow picornavirus (FHMPV). The full FHMPV genome consisted of 7834 nucleotides. Phylogenetic analysis based on 491 amino acid residues of the 3D gene showed 98.6% to 100% identity among the 20 isolates of FHMPV compared in this study while only 49.5% identity with its nearest neighbor, the bluegill picornavirus (BGPV) isolated from bluegill (</span><i>Lepomis macrochirus</i><span>). Based on complete polyprotein analysis, the FHMPV shared 58% (P1), 33% (P2) and 43% (P3) amino acid identities with BGPV and shared less than 40% amino acid identity with all other picornaviruses. Hence, we propose the creation of a new genus (</span><i>Piscevirus</i><span>) within the&nbsp;</span><i>Picornaviridae</i><span>&nbsp;family. The impact of FHMPV on the health of fish populations is unknown at present.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0087593","usgsCitation":"Phelps, N.B., Mor, S.K., Armien, A.G., Batts, W.N., Goodwin, A., Hopper, L., McCann, R., Ng, T.F., Puzach, C., Waltzek, T., Delwart, E., Winton, J., and Goyal, S.M., 2014, Isolation and molecular characterization of a novel picornavirus from baitfish in the USA: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 2, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087593.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050819","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473189,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087593","text":"Publisher Index 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Lacey","contributorId":13139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopper","given":"Lacey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McCann, Rebekah","contributorId":83837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCann","given":"Rebekah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ng, Terry Fei Fan","contributorId":47293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ng","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"Fei Fan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Puzach, Corey","contributorId":98220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puzach","given":"Corey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Waltzek, Thomas B.","contributorId":9574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waltzek","given":"Thomas B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Delwart, Eric","contributorId":99683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delwart","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Winton, James","contributorId":53897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Goyal, Sagar M.","contributorId":48006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goyal","given":"Sagar","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70118020,"text":"70118020 - 2014 - Regional distribution models with lack of proximate predictors: Africanized honeybees expanding north","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T09:06:42","indexId":"70118020","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T09:04:24","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional distribution models with lack of proximate predictors: Africanized honeybees expanding north","docAbstract":"<p>Species distribution models have often been hampered by poor local species data, reliance on coarse-scale climate predictors and the assumption that species–environment relationships, even with non-proximate predictors, are consistent across geographical space. Yet locally accurate maps of invasive species, such as the Africanized honeybee (AHB) in North America, are needed to support conservation efforts. Current AHB range maps are relatively coarse and are inconsistent with observed data. Our aim was to improve distribution maps using more proximate predictors (phenology) and using regional models rather than one across the entire range of interest to explore potential differences in drivers.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diversity and Distributions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/ddi.12143","usgsCitation":"Jarnevich, C.S., Esaias, W.E., Ma, P.L., Morisette, J., Nickeson, J.E., Stohlgren, T.J., Holcombe, T.R., Nightingale, J.M., Wolfe, R.E., and Tan, B., 2014, Regional distribution models with lack of proximate predictors: Africanized honeybees expanding north: Diversity and Distributions, v. 20, no. 2, p. 193-201, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12143.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":473191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12143","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":290965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290964,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12143"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f164e4b0bc0bec09fd56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esaias, Wayne E.","contributorId":12379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esaias","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ma, Peter L.A.","contributorId":71484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morisette, Jeffery T. 0000-0002-0483-0082","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-0082","contributorId":39297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"Jeffery T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nickeson, Jaime E.","contributorId":51659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nickeson","given":"Jaime","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Holcombe, Tracy R. holcombet@usgs.gov","contributorId":3694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holcombe","given":"Tracy","email":"holcombet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nightingale, Joanne M.","contributorId":55347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nightingale","given":"Joanne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wolfe, Robert E.","contributorId":56560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tan, Bin","contributorId":76232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Bin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70047815,"text":"70047815 - 2014 - Increased flexibility for modeling telemetry and nest-survival data using the multistate framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-18T15:55:49","indexId":"70047815","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T08:46:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increased flexibility for modeling telemetry and nest-survival data using the multistate framework","docAbstract":"Although telemetry is one of the most common tools used in the study of wildlife, advances in the analysis of telemetry data have lagged compared to progress in the development of telemetry devices. We demonstrate how standard known-fate telemetry and related nest-survival data analysis models are special cases of the more general multistate framework. We present a short theoretical development, and 2 case examples regarding the American black duck and the mallard. We also present a more complex lynx data analysis. Although not necessary in all situations, the multistate framework provides additional flexibility to analyze telemetry data, which may help analysts and biologists better deal with the vagaries of real-world data collection.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.660","usgsCitation":"Devineau, O., Kendall, W.L., Doherty, P.F., Shenk, T.M., White, G.C., Lukacs, P.M., and Burnham, K.P., 2014, Increased flexibility for modeling telemetry and nest-survival data using the multistate framework: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 2, p. 224-230, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.660.","productDescription":"7 P.","startPage":"224","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-042596","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284190,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":284189,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.660"}],"volume":"78","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351704fe4b05569d805a2e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Devineau, Olivier","contributorId":7991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devineau","given":"Olivier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, William L. wkendall@usgs.gov","contributorId":406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"William","email":"wkendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doherty, Paul F. Jr.","contributorId":37636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"Paul","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":483041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shenk, Tanya M.","contributorId":82451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shenk","given":"Tanya","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":66831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":483042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lukacs, Paul M.","contributorId":101240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lukacs","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burnham, Kenneth P.","contributorId":95025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70144442,"text":"70144442 - 2014 - Coupled hydrological and biogeochemical processes controlling variability of nitrogen species in streamflow during autumn in an upland forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-30T15:20:16","indexId":"70144442","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupled hydrological and biogeochemical processes controlling variability of nitrogen species in streamflow during autumn in an upland forest","docAbstract":"<p><span>Autumn is a season of dynamic change in forest streams of the northeastern United States due to effects of leaf fall on both hydrology and biogeochemistry. Few studies have explored how interactions of biogeochemical transformations, various nitrogen sources, and catchment flow paths affect stream nitrogen variation during autumn. To provide more information on this critical period, we studied (1) the timing, duration, and magnitude of changes to stream nitrate, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and ammonium concentrations; (2) changes in nitrate sources and cycling; and (3) source areas of the landscape that most influence stream nitrogen. We collected samples at higher temporal resolution for a longer duration than typical studies of stream nitrogen during autumn. This sampling scheme encompassed the patterns and extremes that occurred during base flow and stormflow events of autumn. Base flow nitrate concentrations decreased by an order of magnitude from 5.4 to 0.7 &micro;mol L</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>during the week when most leaves fell from deciduous trees. Changes to rates of biogeochemical transformations during autumn base flow explained the low nitrate concentrations; in-stream transformations retained up to 72% of the nitrate that entered a stream reach. A decrease of in-stream nitrification coupled with heterotrophic nitrate cycling were primary factors in the seasonal nitrate decline. The period of low nitrate concentrations ended with a storm event in which stream nitrate concentrations increased by 25-fold. In the ensuing weeks, peak stormflow nitrate concentrations progressively decreased over closely spaced, yet similarly sized events. Most stormflow nitrate originated from nitrification in near-stream areas with occasional, large inputs of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate, which has rarely been reported for nonsnowmelt events. A maximum input of 33% unprocessed atmospheric nitrate to the stream occurred during one event. Large inputs of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate show direct and rapid effects on forest streams that may be widespread, although undocumented, throughout nitrogen-polluted temperate forests. In contrast to a week-long nitrate decline during peak autumn litterfall, base flow DON concentrations increased after leaf fall and remained high for 2 months. Dissolved organic nitrogen was hydrologically flushed to the stream from riparian soils during stormflow. In contrast to distinct seasonal changes in base flow nitrate and DON concentrations, ammonium concentrations were typically at or below the detection limit, similar to the rest of the year. Our findings reveal couplings among catchment flow paths, nutrient sources, and transformations that control seasonal extremes of stream nitrogen in forested landscapes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.","doi":"10.1002/2013WR013670","usgsCitation":"Sebestyen, S.D., Shanley, J.B., Boyer, E.W., Kendall, C., and Doctor, D.H., 2014, Coupled hydrological and biogeochemical processes controlling variability of nitrogen species in streamflow during autumn in an upland forest: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 2, p. 1569-1591, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR013670.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1569","endPage":"1591","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051358","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013wr013670","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299159,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.13794708251953,\n              44.51878604321945\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.22721099853516,\n              44.39625939021994\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.16850280761719,\n              44.38521938054099\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.17056274414062,\n              44.37196862007497\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.09468841552734,\n              44.35773298166116\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.04627990722656,\n              44.39895774251037\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.08404541015625,\n              44.51070720877548\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.13794708251953,\n              44.51878604321945\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551a75cde4b0323842783502","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sebestyen, Stephen D.","contributorId":107562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sebestyen","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyer, Elizabeth W.","contributorId":44659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doctor, Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70187385,"text":"70187385 - 2014 - Disease and predation: Sorting out causes of a bighorn sheep (<i>Ovis canadensis</i>) decline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-01T12:43:40","indexId":"70187385","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disease and predation: Sorting out causes of a bighorn sheep (<i>Ovis canadensis</i>) decline","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estimating survival and documenting causes and timing of mortality events in neonate bighorn sheep (</span><i>Ovis canadensis</i><span>) improves understanding of population ecology and factors influencing recruitment. During 2010–2012, we captured and radiocollared 74 neonates in the Black Hills, South Dakota, of which 95% (70) died before 52 weeks of age. Pneumonia (36%) was the leading cause of mortality followed by predation (30%). We used known fate analysis in Program MARK to estimate weekly survival rates and investigate the influence of intrinsic variables on 52-week survival. Model {S</span><sub>1 wk, 2–8 wks, &gt;8 wks</sub><span>} had the lowest AIC</span><i><sub>c</sub></i><span> (Akaike’s Information Criterion corrected for small sample size) value, indicating that age (3-stage age-interval: 1 week, 2–8 weeks, and &gt;8 weeks) best explained survival. Weekly survival estimates for 1 week, 2–8 weeks, and &gt;8 weeks were 0.81 (95% CI = 0.70–0.88), 0.86 (95% CI = 0.81–0.90), and 0.94 (95% CI = 0.91–0.96), respectively. Overall probability of surviving 52 weeks was 0.02 (95% CI = 0.01–0.07). Of 70 documented mortalities, 21% occurred during the first week, 55% during weeks 2–8, and 23% occurred &gt;8 weeks of age. We found pneumonia and predation were temporally heterogeneous with lambs most susceptible to predation during the first 2–3 weeks of life, while the greatest risk from pneumonia occurred from weeks 4–8. Our results indicated pneumonia was the major factor limiting recruitment followed by predation. Mortality from predation may have been partly compensatory to pneumonia and its effects were less pronounced as alternative prey became available. Given the high rates of pneumonia-caused mortality we observed, and the apparent lack of pneumonia-causing pathogens in bighorn populations in the western Black Hills, management activities should be geared towards eliminating contact between diseased and healthy populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0088271","usgsCitation":"Smith, J.B., Jenks, J., Grovenburg, T.W., and Klaver, R.W., 2014, Disease and predation: Sorting out causes of a bighorn sheep (<i>Ovis canadensis</i>) decline: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 2, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088271.","productDescription":"e88271; 9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","ipdsId":"IP-051866","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088271","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340672,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills","volume":"9","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59084933e4b0fc4e448ffd86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Joshua B.","contributorId":71883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenks, Jonathan A.","contributorId":51591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenks","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grovenburg, Troy W.","contributorId":57712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grovenburg","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70176295,"text":"70176295 - 2014 - Effects of woody vegetation on overbank sand transport during a large flood, Rio Puerco, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-08T14:08:09","indexId":"70176295","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of woody vegetation on overbank sand transport during a large flood, Rio Puerco, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p><span>Distributions of woody vegetation on floodplain surfaces affect flood-flow erosion and deposition processes. A large flood along the lower Rio Puerco, New Mexico, in August 2006 caused extensive erosion in a reach that had been sprayed with herbicide in September 2003 for the purpose of saltcedar (</span><i>Tamarix</i><span> spp.) control. Large volumes of sediment, including a substantial fraction of sand, were delivered to the reach downstream, which had not been treated with herbicide. We applied physically based, one-dimensional models of flow and suspended-sediment transport to compute volume concentrations of sand in suspension in floodplain flow at a site within the sprayed reach and at a site downstream from the sprayed reach. We computed the effects of drag on woody stems in reducing the skin friction shear stress, velocity of flow, and suspended-sand transport from open paths into patches of dense stems. Total flow and suspended-sand fluxes were computed for each site using well-constrained flood-flow depths, water-surface slopes, and measured shrub characteristics. Results show that flow in open paths carried high concentrations of sand in suspension with nearly uniform vertical distributions. Drag on woody floodplain stems reduced skin friction shear stresses by two orders of magnitude, yet sufficient velocities were maintained to transport sand more than 50&nbsp;m into fields of dense, free-surface-penetrating stems. An increase in shrub canopy extent from 31% in the sprayed reach site to 49% in the downstream site was found to account for 69% of the computed decrease in discharge between the two sites. The results demonstrate the need to compute the spatial distribution of skin friction shear stress in order to effectively compute suspended-sand transport and to predict the fate of sediment and contaminants carried in suspension during large floods.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.10.025","usgsCitation":"Griffin, E.R., Perignon, M.C., Friedman, J.M., and Tucker, G., 2014, Effects of woody vegetation on overbank sand transport during a large flood, Rio Puerco, New Mexico: Geomorphology, v. 207, p. 30-50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.10.025.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"50","ipdsId":"IP-044985","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335013,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F72N50CM","text":"Lower Rio Puerco geospatial data, 1935 - 2014"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Rio Puerco","volume":"207","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d13a3ae4b0571647cf8dcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, Eleanor R. 0000-0001-6724-9853 egriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6724-9853","contributorId":1775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Eleanor","email":"egriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perignon, Mariela C.","contributorId":174409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perignon","given":"Mariela","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":27450,"text":"CIRES, UC Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tucker, Gregory E.","contributorId":39280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Gregory E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70187416,"text":"70187416 - 2014 - Cross-scale interactions: Quantifying multi-scaled cause–effect relationships in macrosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T16:36:42","indexId":"70187416","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cross-scale interactions: Quantifying multi-scaled cause–effect relationships in macrosystems","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ecologists are increasingly discovering that ecological processes are made up of components that are multi-scaled in space and time. Some of the most complex of these processes are cross-scale interactions (CSIs), which occur when components interact across scales. When undetected, such interactions may cause errors in extrapolation from one region to another. CSIs, particularly those that include a regional scaled component, have not been systematically investigated or even reported because of the challenges of acquiring data at sufficiently broad spatial extents. We present an approach for quantifying CSIs and apply it to a case study investigating one such interaction, between local and regional scaled land-use drivers of lake phosphorus. Ultimately, our approach for investigating CSIs can serve as a basis for efforts to understand a wide variety of multi-scaled problems such as climate change, land-use/land-cover change, and invasive species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/120366","usgsCitation":"Soranno, P.A., Cheruvelil, K.S., Bissell, E.G., Bremigan, M.T., Downing, J., Fergus, C.E., Filstrup, C.T., Henry, E.N., Lottig, N.R., Stanley, E.H., Stow, C., Tan, P., Wagner, T., and Webster, K.E., 2014, Cross-scale interactions: Quantifying multi-scaled cause–effect relationships in macrosystems: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 12, no. 1, p. 65-73, https://doi.org/10.1890/120366.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"73","ipdsId":"IP-041581","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/120366","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340744,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59099ab0e4b0fc4e4491580c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soranno, Patricia A.","contributorId":172104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soranno","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheruvelil, Kendra S.","contributorId":172029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheruvelil","given":"Kendra","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bissell, Edward G.","contributorId":191718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bissell","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bremigan, Mary T.","contributorId":172105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bremigan","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Downing, John A.","contributorId":70348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"John A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fergus, Carol E.","contributorId":191719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fergus","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Filstrup, Christopher T.","contributorId":169032,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Filstrup","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Henry, Emily N.","contributorId":172189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henry","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lottig, Noah R.","contributorId":172031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lottig","given":"Noah","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stanley, Emily H.","contributorId":55725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanley","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12951,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Stow, Craig A.","contributorId":49733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stow","given":"Craig A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Tan, Pang-Ning","contributorId":172193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tan","given":"Pang-Ning","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Webster, Katherine E.","contributorId":147903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webster","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70148067,"text":"70148067 - 2014 - Undersampling power-law size distributions: effect on the assessment of extreme natural hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-19T10:50:07","indexId":"70148067","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-29T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Undersampling power-law size distributions: effect on the assessment of extreme natural hazards","docAbstract":"<p>The effect of undersampling on estimating the size of extreme natural hazards from historical data is examined. Tests using synthetic catalogs indicate that the tail of an empirical size distribution sampled from a pure Pareto probability distribution can range from having one-to-several unusually large events to appearing depleted, relative to the parent distribution. Both of these effects are artifacts caused by limited catalog length. It is more difficult to diagnose the artificially depleted empirical distributions, since one expects that a pure Pareto distribution is physically limited in some way. Using maximum likelihood methods and the method of moments, we estimate the power-law exponent and the corner size parameter of tapered Pareto distributions for several natural hazard examples: tsunamis, floods, and earthquakes. Each of these examples has varying catalog lengths and measurement thresholds, relative to the largest event sizes. In many cases where there are only several orders of magnitude between the measurement threshold and the largest events, joint two-parameter estimation techniques are necessary to account for estimation dependence between the power-law scaling exponent and the corner size parameter. Results indicate that whereas the corner size parameter of a tapered Pareto distribution can be estimated, its upper confidence bound cannot be determined and the estimate itself is often unstable with time. Correspondingly, one cannot statistically reject a pure Pareto null hypothesis using natural hazard catalog data. Although physical limits to the hazard source size and by attenuation mechanisms from source to site constrain the maximum hazard size, historical data alone often cannot reliably determine the corner size parameter. Probabilistic assessments incorporating theoretical constraints on source size and propagation effects are preferred over deterministic assessments of extreme natural hazards based on historic data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s11069-013-1024-0","usgsCitation":"Geist, E.L., and Parsons, T.E., 2014, Undersampling power-law size distributions: effect on the assessment of extreme natural hazards: Natural Hazards, v. 72, no. 2, p. 565-595, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-1024-0.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"565","endPage":"595","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049313","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555c5ec9e4b0a92fa7eacc1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0582-4338 tparsons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":2314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Thomas","email":"tparsons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70073945,"text":"70073945 - 2014 - Influence of climate change on productivity of American White Pelicans, <i>Pelecanus erythrorhynchos</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T11:40:52","indexId":"70073945","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-27T10:57:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of climate change on productivity of American White Pelicans, <i>Pelecanus erythrorhynchos</i>","docAbstract":"In the past decade, severe weather and West Nile virus were major causes of chick mortality at American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) colonies in the northern plains of North America. At one of these colonies, Chase Lake National Wildlife Refuge in North Dakota, spring arrival by pelicans has advanced approximately 16 days over a period of 44 years (1965–2008). We examined phenology patterns of pelicans and timing of inclement weather through the 44-year period, and evaluated the consequence of earlier breeding relative to weather-related chick mortality. We found severe weather patterns to be random through time, rather than concurrently shifting with the advanced arrival of pelicans. In recent years, if nest initiations had followed the phenology patterns of 1965 (i.e., nesting initiated 16 days later), fewer chicks likely would have died from weather-related causes. That is, there would be fewer chicks exposed to severe weather during a vulnerable transition period that occurs between the stage when chicks are being brooded by adults and the stage when chicks from multiple nests become part of a thermally protective crèche.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0083430","usgsCitation":"Sovada, M.A., Igl, L.D., Pietz, P., and Bartos, A.J., 2014, Influence of climate change on productivity of American White Pelicans, <i>Pelecanus erythrorhynchos</i>: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 1, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083430.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044358","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083430","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281558,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281506,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083430"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Stutsman County","otherGeospatial":"Chase Lake National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.481105,46.983794 ], [ -99.481105,47.030693 ], [ -99.417191,47.030693 ], [ -99.417191,46.983794 ], [ -99.481105,46.983794 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52e78088e4b0b93270c2f282","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sovada, Marsha A. msovada@usgs.gov","contributorId":2601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sovada","given":"Marsha","email":"msovada@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":489258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Igl, Lawrence D. 0000-0003-0530-7266 ligl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":2381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"Lawrence","email":"ligl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pietz, Pamela J. ppietz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pietz","given":"Pamela J.","email":"ppietz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartos, Alisa J. abartos@usgs.gov","contributorId":5177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartos","given":"Alisa","email":"abartos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":489259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70048463,"text":"70048463 - 2014 - Crustal earthquake triggering by pre-historic great earthquakes on subduction zone thrusts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-28T09:56:39","indexId":"70048463","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-24T11:51:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal earthquake triggering by pre-historic great earthquakes on subduction zone thrusts","docAbstract":"Triggering of earthquakes on upper plate faults during and shortly after recent great (<i>M></i>8.0) subduction thrust earthquakes raises concerns about earthquake triggering following Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes. Of particular regard to Cascadia was the previously noted, but only qualitatively identified, clustering of <i>M></i>~6.5 crustal earthquakes in the Puget Sound region between about 1200–900 cal yr B.P. and the possibility that this was triggered by a great Cascadia thrust subduction thrust earthquake, and therefore portends future such clusters. We confirm quantitatively the extraordinary nature of the Puget Sound region crustal earthquake clustering between 1200–900 cal yr B.P., at least over the last 16,000. We conclude that this cluster was not triggered by the penultimate, and possibly full-margin, great Cascadia subduction thrust earthquake. However, we also show that the paleoseismic record for Cascadia is consistent with conclusions of our companion study of the global modern record outside Cascadia, that <i>M></i>8.6 subduction thrust events have a high probability of triggering at least one or more <i>M></i>~6.5 crustal earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/2013JB010635","usgsCitation":"Sherrod, B.L., and Gomberg, J., 2014, Crustal earthquake triggering by pre-historic great earthquakes on subduction zone thrusts: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 2, p. 1273-1294, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010635.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1273","endPage":"1294","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-051209","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282350,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282349,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010635"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia;Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 135.0,32.0 ], [ 135.0,52.0 ], [ -119.0,52.0 ], [ -119.0,32.0 ], [ 135.0,32.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"119","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517031e4b05569d805a1ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherrod, Brian L. 0000-0002-4492-8631 bsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4492-8631","contributorId":2834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"Brian","email":"bsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gomberg, Joan","contributorId":77919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"Joan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70073494,"text":"70073494 - 2014 - Uncertainty, robustness, and the value of information in managing an expanding Arctic goose population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-22T13:12:00","indexId":"70073494","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-22T13:09:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncertainty, robustness, and the value of information in managing an expanding Arctic goose population","docAbstract":"We explored the application of dynamic-optimization methods to the problem of pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus) management in western Europe. We were especially concerned with the extent to which uncertainty in population dynamics influenced an optimal management strategy, the gain in management performance that could be expected if uncertainty could be eliminated or reduced, and whether an adaptive or robust management strategy might be most appropriate in the face of uncertainty. We combined three alternative survival models with three alternative reproductive models to form a set of nine annual-cycle models for pink-footed geese. These models represent a wide range of possibilities concerning the extent to which demographic rates are density dependent or independent, and the extent to which they are influenced by spring temperatures. We calculated state-dependent harvest strategies for these models using stochastic dynamic programming and an objective function that maximized sustainable harvest, subject to a constraint on desired population size. As expected, attaining the largest mean objective value (i.e., the relative measure of management performance) depended on the ability to match a model-dependent optimal strategy with its generating model of population dynamics. The nine models suggested widely varying objective values regardless of the harvest strategy, with the density-independent models generally producing higher objective values than models with density-dependent survival. In the face of uncertainty as to which of the nine models is most appropriate, the optimal strategy assuming that both survival and reproduction were a function of goose abundance and spring temperatures maximized the expected minimum objective value (i.e., maxi–min). In contrast, the optimal strategy assuming equal model weights minimized the expected maximum loss in objective value. The expected value of eliminating model uncertainty was an increase in objective value of only 3.0%. This value represents the difference between the best that could be expected if the most appropriate model were known and the best that could be expected in the face of model uncertainty. The value of eliminating uncertainty about the survival process was substantially higher than that associated with the reproductive process, which is consistent with evidence that variation in survival is more important than variation in reproduction in relatively long-lived avian species. Comparing the expected objective value if the most appropriate model were known with that of the maxi–min robust strategy, we found the value of eliminating uncertainty to be an expected increase of 6.2% in objective value. This result underscores the conservatism of the maxi–min rule and suggests that risk-neutral managers would prefer the optimal strategy that maximizes expected value, which is also the strategy that is expected to minimize the maximum loss (i.e., a strategy based on equal model weights). The low value of information calculated for pink-footed geese suggests that a robust strategy (i.e., one in which no learning is anticipated) could be as nearly effective as an adaptive one (i.e., a strategy in which the relative credibility of models is assessed through time). Of course, an alternative explanation for the low value of information is that the set of population models we considered was too narrow to represent key uncertainties in population dynamics. Yet we know that questions about the presence of density dependence must be central to the development of a sustainable harvest strategy. And while there are potentially many environmental covariates that could help explain variation in survival or reproduction, our admission of models in which vital rates are drawn randomly from reasonable distributions represents a worst-case scenario for management. We suspect that much of the value of the various harvest strategies we calculated is derived from the fact that they are state dependent, such that appropriate harvest rates depend on population abundance and weather conditions, as well as our focus on an infinite time horizon for sustainability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.031","usgsCitation":"Johnson, F.A., Jensen, G., Madsen, J., and Williams, B.K., 2014, Uncertainty, robustness, and the value of information in managing an expanding Arctic goose population: Ecological Modelling, v. 273, p. 186-199, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.031.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"186","endPage":"199","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-044497","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.031","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281382,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281381,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.031"}],"volume":"273","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52e0e93ee4b0d0c3df9947bf","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.031","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.031","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Johnson Fred A., Jensen Gitte H., Madsen Jesper, Williams Byron K.","journalName":"Ecological Modelling","publicationDate":"2/2014","auditedOn":"3/22/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"11/4/2013"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Fred A. 0000-0002-5854-3695 fjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5854-3695","contributorId":2773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred","email":"fjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jensen, Gitte H.","contributorId":74671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"Gitte H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madsen, Jesper","contributorId":9950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madsen","given":"Jesper","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Byron K. 0000-0001-7644-1396","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7644-1396","contributorId":86616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Byron","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":488814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70073330,"text":"70073330 - 2014 - Lake Louise Water (USGS47): A new isotopic reference water for stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-21T12:58:35","indexId":"70073330","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-21T12:50:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake Louise Water (USGS47): A new isotopic reference water for stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope measurements","docAbstract":"\"RATIONALE: Because of the paucity of isotopic reference waters for daily use, a new secondary isotopic reference material has been prepared from Lake Louise water from Alberta, Canada for international distribution. \nMOTHODS: This water was filtered, homogenized, loaded into glass ampoules, sealed with a torch, autoclaved to eliminate biological activity, and measured by dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. This isotopic reference water is available by the case of 144 glass ampoules containing 5 mL of water in each ampoule.\nRESULTS: The δ2H and δ18O values of this reference water are –150.2 ± 0.5 ‰ and –19.80 ± 0.02 ‰, respectively, relative to VSMOW on scales normalized such that the δ2H and δ18O values of SLAP reference water are, respectively, –428 and –55.5 ‰. Each uncertainty is an estimated expanded uncertainty (U = 2uc) about the reference value that provides an interval that has about a 95-percent probability of encompassing the true value. \nCONCLUSION: This isotopic reference material, designated as USGS47, is intended as one of two isotopic reference waters for daily normalization of stable hydrogen  and stable oxygen  isotopic analysis of water with a mass spectrometer or a laser absorption spectrometer. \n\"","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rcm.6789","usgsCitation":"Qi, H., Lorenz, J.M., Coplen, T.B., Tarbox, L.V., Mayer, B., and Taylor, S., 2014, Lake Louise Water (USGS47): A new isotopic reference water for stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope measurements: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 28, no. 4, p. 351-354, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6789.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"351","endPage":"354","ipdsId":"IP-052021","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281133,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6789"},{"id":281324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52df97fae4b0d7b3a14e1aac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenz, Jennifer M. 0000-0002-5826-7264 jlorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-7264","contributorId":3558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tarbox, Lauren V. 0000-0002-4126-1851 ltarbox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4126-1851","contributorId":5319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarbox","given":"Lauren","email":"ltarbox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mayer, Bernhard","contributorId":94972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"Bernhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Taylor, Steve","contributorId":95802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70073345,"text":"70073345 - 2014 - Evaluating the efficiency of environmental monitoring programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-28T08:37:06","indexId":"70073345","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-21T10:51:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the efficiency of environmental monitoring programs","docAbstract":"Statistical uncertainty analyses can be used to improve the efficiency of environmental monitoring, allowing sampling designs to maximize information gained relative to resources required for data collection and analysis. In this paper, we illustrate four methods of data analysis appropriate to four types of environmental monitoring designs. To analyze a long-term record from a single site, we applied a general linear model to weekly stream chemistry data at Biscuit Brook, NY, to simulate the effects of reducing sampling effort and to evaluate statistical confidence in the detection of change over time. To illustrate a detectable difference analysis, we analyzed a one-time survey of mercury concentrations in loon tissues in lakes in the Adirondack Park, NY, demonstrating the effects of sampling intensity on statistical power and the selection of a resampling interval. To illustrate a bootstrapping method, we analyzed the plot-level sampling intensity of forest inventory at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, to quantify the sampling regime needed to achieve a desired confidence interval. Finally, to analyze time-series data from multiple sites, we assessed the number of lakes and the number of samples per year needed to monitor change over time in Adirondack lake chemistry using a repeated-measures mixed-effects model. Evaluations of time series and synoptic long-term monitoring data can help determine whether sampling should be re-allocated in space or time to optimize the use of financial and human resources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.12.010","usgsCitation":"Levine, C.R., Yanai, R.D., Lampman, G.G., Burns, D.A., Driscoll, C.T., Lawrence, G.B., Lynch, J., and Schoch, N., 2014, Evaluating the efficiency of environmental monitoring programs: Ecological Indicators, v. 39, p. 94-101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.12.010.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-050636","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.12.010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281315,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.12.010"},{"id":281316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52df97f8e4b0d7b3a14e1aa2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levine, Carrie R.","contributorId":106009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levine","given":"Carrie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yanai, Ruth D.","contributorId":59720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanai","given":"Ruth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lampman, Gregory G.","contributorId":26970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lampman","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Driscoll, Charles T.","contributorId":35418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lynch, Jason","contributorId":97001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Jason","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schoch, Nina","contributorId":101988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoch","given":"Nina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70072613,"text":"70072613 - 2014 - Complexity versus certainty in understanding species’ declines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-10T11:37:06","indexId":"70072613","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-21T09:46:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complexity versus certainty in understanding species’ declines","docAbstract":"Aim\nOur understanding of and ability to predict species declines is limited, despite decades of study. We sought to expand our understanding of species declines within a regional landscape by testing models using both traditional hypotheses and those derived from a complex adaptive systems approach.\n\nLocation\nOur study area was the dry mixed grassland of south-eastern Alberta, Canada, one of the largest remnants of native grassland in North America, and the adjacent grassland in Saskatchewan.\n\nMethods\nWe used the breeding birds of the grassland to test the relationship between species declines and a suite of traits associated with decline (such as size, specialization and rarity, as well as distance to edge of a discontinuity, and edge of geographic range) in a stepwise regression with AICc values and bootstrapping via model averaging, followed by a refit procedure to obtain model-averaged parameter estimates. We used both provincial government and Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) classifications of decline. We also modelled degree of decline in the Alberta and Saskatchewan grasslands, which differ in amount of habitat remaining, to test whether severity of decline was explained by the same traits as species decline/not- decline.\n\nResults\nWe found that the model for government-defined decline fulfilled government expectations that species' extinction risk is a function of being large, specialized, rare and carnivorous, whereas the model for BBS-defined decline suggested that the biological reality of decline is more complex, requiring the need to explicitly model scale-specific patterns. Furthermore, species decline/not- decline was explained by different traits than those that fit degree of decline, though complex systems- derived traits featured in both sets of models.\n\nMain conclusions\nTraditional approaches to predict species declines (e.g. government processes or IUCN Red Lists), may be too simplistic and may therefore misguide management and conservation. Using complex systems approaches that account for scale-specific patterns and processes have the potential to overcome these limitations.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.12166","usgsCitation":"Sundstrom, S.M., and Allen, C.R., 2014, Complexity versus certainty in understanding species’ declines: Diversity and Distributions, v. 3, p. 344-355, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12166.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"344","endPage":"355","ipdsId":"IP-052551","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281307,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281306,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12166"}],"volume":"3","edition":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52df97f6e4b0d7b3a14e1a9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sundstrom, Shana M.","contributorId":7159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundstrom","given":"Shana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70074654,"text":"70074654 - 2014 - Seismicity within a propagating ice shelf rift: the relationship between icequake locations and ice shelf structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T18:00:36","indexId":"70074654","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-20T10:12:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismicity within a propagating ice shelf rift: the relationship between icequake locations and ice shelf structure","docAbstract":"Iceberg calving is a dominant mass loss mechanism for Antarctic ice shelves, second only to basal melting. An important known process involved in calving is the initiation and propagation of through-penetrating fractures called rifts; however, the mechanisms controlling rift propagation remain poorly understood. To investigate the mechanics of ice-shelf rifting, we analyzed seismicity associated with a propagating rift tip on the Amery Ice Shelf, using data collected during the Austral summers of 2004-2007. We investigated seismicity associated with fracture propagation using a suite of passive seismological techniques including icequake locations, back projection, and moment tensor inversion. We confirm previous results that show that seismicity is characterized by periods of relative quiescence punctuated by swarms of intense seismicity of one to three hours. However, even during periods of quiescence, we find significant seismic deformation around the rift tip. Moment tensors, calculated for a subset of the largest icequakes (M<sub>W</sub> > -2.0) located near the rift tip, show steeply dipping fault planes, horizontal or shallowly plunging stress orientations, and often have a significant volumetric component. They also reveal that much of the observed seismicity is limited to the upper 50 m of the ice shelf. This suggests a complex system of deformation that involves the propagating rift, the region behind the rift tip, and a system of rift-transverse crevasses. Small-scale variations in the mechanical structure of the ice shelf, especially rift-transverse crevasses and accreted marine ice, play an important role in modulating the rate and location of seismicity associated with propagating ice shelf rifts.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2013JF002849","usgsCitation":"Heeszel, D.S., Fricker, H., Bassis, J.N., O’Neel, S., and Walter, F., 2014, Seismicity within a propagating ice shelf rift: the relationship between icequake locations and ice shelf structure: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 119, no. 4, p. 731-744, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002849.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"731","endPage":"744","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-045706","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jf002849","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281800,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002849"}],"otherGeospatial":"Amery Ice Shelf, Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 66.4,-72.04 ], [ 66.4,-68.02 ], [ 76.46,-68.02 ], [ 76.46,-72.04 ], [ 66.4,-72.04 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"119","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351705fe4b05569d805a398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heeszel, David S.","contributorId":14729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heeszel","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fricker, Helen A.","contributorId":57337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fricker","given":"Helen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bassis, Jeremy N.","contributorId":49271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassis","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walter, Fabian","contributorId":21431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Fabian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}