{"pageNumber":"1550","pageRowStart":"38725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":41032,"records":[{"id":70012015,"text":"70012015 - 1981 - Seismic amplitude anomalies associated with thick First Leo sandstone lenses, eastern Powder River basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T16:37:38.604821","indexId":"70012015","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic amplitude anomalies associated with thick First Leo sandstone lenses, eastern Powder River basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"

Several new discoveries of oil production in the Leo sandstone, an economic unit in the Pennsylvanian middle member of the Minnelusa formation, eastern Powder River basin, Wyoming-Nebraska-South Dakota, have renewed exploration interest in this area. Vertical seismic profiles (VSP) and model studies suggested that a measurable seismic amplitude anomaly is frequently associated with the thick First Leo sandstone lenses. To test this concept, a surface reflection seismic profile was run between two wells about 12 miles apart. The First Leo was present and productive in one well and thin and barren in the other. The surface profile shows the predicted amplitude anomaly at the well where a thick lens is known to exist. Two other First Leo amplitude anomalies also appear on the surface seismic profile between the two wells, which may indicate the presence of additional lenses.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1441158","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Balch, A.H., Lee, M.W., Miller, J.J., and Ryder, R.T., 1981, Seismic amplitude anomalies associated with thick First Leo sandstone lenses, eastern Powder River basin, Wyoming: Geophysics, v. 46, no. 11, p. 1519-1527, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1441158.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1519","endPage":"1527","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222284,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8aece4b08c986b317475","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balch, A. H.","contributorId":104892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balch","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, J. J.","contributorId":54588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryder, R. T.","contributorId":96673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011850,"text":"70011850 - 1981 - A review of regional mineral resource assessment methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T17:11:09.746558","indexId":"70011850","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of regional mineral resource assessment methods","docAbstract":"

Over 100 papers on regional mineral resource assessment of nonfuels are classified according to method(s) used and form(s) of product in order to help identify possible methods for future assessments. Types of products that have been used include: tons of metal; tons of rock and associated grade; gross value; potential; number of deposits; probability of one or more deposits; tons of rock, grade, and number of deposits by type; potential supply; and net value. Assessment methods considered are: time-rate, crustal abundance, cumulative tonnage versus grade, simple subjective, complex subjective, Bayesian, frequency, trend, geometric probability, multiple regression, discriminant analysis, modified component, multivariate logistic, cluster analysis or pattern recognition, and simulation.Selection of a method to be employed in an assessment should be based on: (1) appropriateness of the product to the problem, (2) limitations in resources, such as information or time available for the assessment, (3) the level of uncertainty and acceptability of biases in the assessment, and (4) the need for verification of results and acceptance of the method.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.76.5.1006","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Singer, D., and Mosier, D., 1981, A review of regional mineral resource assessment methods: Economic Geology, v. 76, no. 5, p. 1006-1015, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.76.5.1006.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1006","endPage":"1015","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221698,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1981-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e556e4b0c8380cd46cc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, D.A.","contributorId":69128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mosier, D.L.","contributorId":21965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosier","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012055,"text":"70012055 - 1981 - The Montenegro, Yugoslavia, earthquake of April 15, 1979: source orientation and strength","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:41:37","indexId":"70012055","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Montenegro, Yugoslavia, earthquake of April 15, 1979: source orientation and strength","docAbstract":"Long-period teleseismic P, S and Rayleigh waves and geologic considerations indicate that the Montenegro earthquake involved thrust faulting on a plane striking nearly parallel to the Adriatic coast and dipping ca. 15?? toward the Yugoslav mainland. There is some support from modeling of body waves recorded on long-period WWSSN instruments for a focal depth of 22 km, but the possibility of a multiple source and the difficulty of matching some of the detailed characteristics of the P- and S-wave forms reduce our confidence in the determination of the depth. Fortunately, the source orientation and moment of the event are not sensitive functions of the depth. The long-period (256 s) moment was 4.6 ?? 1019 Nm (4.6 ?? 1026 dyne-cm). The moment obtained by fitting the first cycle of P and S waves recorded on WWSSN long-period instruments is about four times smaller. This increase of moment with period is consistent with spectral estimates of the moment from SH waves recorded at SRO and ASRO stations. ?? 1981.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(81)90041-8","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., Sims, J., Kanamori, H., and Harding, S., 1981, The Montenegro, Yugoslavia, earthquake of April 15, 1979: source orientation and strength: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 27, no. 2, p. 133-142, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(81)90041-8.","startPage":"133","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267346,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(81)90041-8"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba800e4b08c986b32194c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sims, J.D.","contributorId":9230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sims","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kanamori, H.","contributorId":55438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanamori","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harding, S.","contributorId":15469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harding","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012021,"text":"70012021 - 1981 - Dating of Archean basement in northeastern Wyoming and southern Montana.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T08:44:50","indexId":"70012021","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dating of Archean basement in northeastern Wyoming and southern Montana.","docAbstract":"Rb-Sr whole-rock and U-Pb zircon ages of granite and gneiss cores from three deep drill holes extend known occurrences of Archean rocks in the subsurface of NE Wyoming and S Montanta. Rb-Sr and K- Ar mineral ages are discordant and reflect early or middle Proterozoic disturbance. Highly altered rocks occur in a thin zone immediately below the sub-Cambrian unconformity. Samples from a few metres deeper in the basement are much fresher but show the effects of this alteration in filled fractures and thin adjacent alteration haloes. Whole-rock Rb-Sr systems have retaioned a fair degree of integrity in spite of increased susceptibility to modification because of the disturbed mineral systems. Interaction of the rocks with water a few metres below the sub-Cambrian unconformity probably occurred for only a relatively short time. Fractures filled rapidly with secondary minerals such as chlorite, anhydrite, and carbonate to maintain a relatively impermeable crystalline basement in which the silicates and their contained isotopic systems were preserved.- Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<139:DOABIN>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Peterman, Z.E., 1981, Dating of Archean basement in northeastern Wyoming and southern Montana.: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 92, no. 3 pt 1, p. 139-146, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<139:DOABIN>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"139","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268108,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<139:DOABIN>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"92","issue":"3 pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fde1e4b0c8380cd4e9b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001490,"text":"1001490 - 1981 - Grazing intensity effects on the breeding avifauna of North Dakota native grasslands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-15T01:31:09.140636","indexId":"1001490","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grazing intensity effects on the breeding avifauna of North Dakota native grasslands","docAbstract":"A breeding bird census and plant survey was conducted on 180 samples of lightly, moderately, and heavily grazed and hayed native grasslands in North Dakota in 1974. The ten most important cover plants on each of eight major physiographic landforms in three of the four regions (the Agassiz Lake Plain excluded) overlapped so extensively that only 19 species were involved: 13 grasses or sedges, four forbs, one shrub, and one clubmoss. Bird densities were generally highest in (i) regions and landforms containing numerous natural basin wetlands, (ii) flatter, glaciated landforms containing more fertile soils, and (iii) landforms of greater relief and high habitat heterogeneity. Avian species richness tended to decrease with increased grazing intensity, but total bird density increased due to higher populations of a few species, and hayland that had been mowed and raked during the previous growing season was highly attractive to some species.","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","usgsCitation":"Kantrud, H., 1981, Grazing intensity effects on the breeding avifauna of North Dakota native grasslands: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 95, no. 4, p. 404-417.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"404","endPage":"417","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422585,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/352420"},{"id":133817,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0fe4b07f02db6a0371","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kantrud, H.A.","contributorId":28553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kantrud","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012029,"text":"70012029 - 1981 - Sand waves on an epicontinental shelf: Northern Bering Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-11T16:17:11.436108","indexId":"70012029","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sand waves on an epicontinental shelf: Northern Bering Sea","docAbstract":"

Sand waves and current ripples occupy the crests and flanks of a series of large linear sand ridges (20 km × 5 km × 10 m high) lying in an open-marine setting in the northern Bering Sea. The sand wave area, which lies west of Seward Peninsula and southeast of Bering Strait, is exposed to the strong continuous flow of coastal water northward toward Bering Strait. A hierarchy of three sizes of superimposed bedforms, all facing northward, was observed in successive cruises in 1976 and 1977. Large sand waves (height 2 m; spacing 200 m) have smaller sand waves (height 1 m; spacing 20 m) lying at a small oblique angle on their stoss slopes. The smaller sand waves in turn have linguoid ripples on their stoss slopes.

Repeated studies of the sand wave fields were made both years with high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, side-scan sonographs, underwater photographs, current-meter stations, vibracores, and suspended-sediment samplers. Comparison of seismic and side-scan data collected along profile lines run both years showed changes in sand wave shape that indicate significant bedload transport within the year. Gouge marks made in sediment by keels of floating ice also showed significantly different patterns each year, further documenting modification to the bottom by sediment transport.

During calm sea conditions in 1977, underwater video and camera observations showed formation and active migration of linguoid and straight-crested current ripples. Current speeds 1 m above the bottom were between 20 and 30 cm/s. Maximum current velocities and sand wave migration apparently occur when strong southwesterly winds enhance the steady northerly flow of coastal water. Many cross-stratified sand bodies in the geologic record are interpreted as having formed in a tidal- or storm-dominated setting. This study provides an example of formation and migration of large bedforms by the interaction of storms with strong uniform coastal currents in an open-marine setting.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0070-4571(08)70301-7","usgsCitation":"Field, M.E., Nelson, C.H., Cacchione, D.A., and Drake, D.E., 1981, Sand waves on an epicontinental shelf: Northern Bering Sea: Marine Geology, v. 32, p. 233-258, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0070-4571(08)70301-7.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"258","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222454,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b869fe4b08c986b316043","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":362562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, C. Hans","contributorId":34909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Hans","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cacchione, David A.","contributorId":37327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drake, David E.","contributorId":74752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011870,"text":"70011870 - 1981 - Estimation of impervious-area washoff parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T12:32:17","indexId":"70011870","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of impervious-area washoff parameters","docAbstract":"

In recent years many models have been developed which simulate the quality of rainfall runoff from urban areas. Common to many of these models is the use of an exponential washoff equation. This washoff equation is often modified by an availability equation to account for the effects of runoff intensity on constituent washoff. Optimization techniques for estimating the values of coefficients used in these equations have been developed. Application of these techniques to a small urban watershed in south Florida demonstrated considerable variability in the optimized parameter values among different storms and among different constituents.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR017i004p01161","usgsCitation":"Alley, W.M., 1981, Estimation of impervious-area washoff parameters: Water Resources Research, v. 17, no. 4, p. 1161-1166, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR017i004p01161.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1161","endPage":"1166","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b94e4b0c8380cd527ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, William M. walley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William","email":"walley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":362159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011867,"text":"70011867 - 1981 - Magnetic signals from the core of the earth and secular variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T16:08:37.463196","indexId":"70011867","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnetic signals from the core of the earth and secular variation","docAbstract":"

An oscillating, radial magnetic dipole source was assumed to exist in the core of the earth, 100 km beneath the core-mantle boundary. As an approximation, electromagnetic propagation was assumed in the core in lieu of hydromagnetic propagation, which could not be used because of unknown internal fields.Using Debye potentials, the radial and horizontal components of the surface fields were calculated using various assumed conductivity parameters in the core and in the mantle. It is concluded that most spherical harmonic models of the earth's magnetic field do not include enough terms to describe properly the field of core sources with periods of tens of years. These short-period variations are especially important in describing the secular variation. Because of this, a proper description of the secular variation requires more spherical harmonic terms than are required for the field itself. Inadequate representation of short-period variations in spherical harmonic models may contribute to the rapid deterioration of predictive models. Alternatives to spherical harmonic analysis for secular variation should be investigated; regardless of the method used, a much greater spatial distribution of high quality secular variation data is needed.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB086iB09p07957","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Alldredge, L., 1981, Magnetic signals from the core of the earth and secular variation: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 86, no. B9, p. 7957-7965, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB09p07957.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"7957","endPage":"7965","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220938,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b81e4b0c8380cd695bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alldredge, L.R.","contributorId":53457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alldredge","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012018,"text":"70012018 - 1981 - Sm-Nd systematics of a tonalitic augen gneiss and its constituent minerals from northern Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-18T14:00:26.881376","indexId":"70012018","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sm-Nd systematics of a tonalitic augen gneiss and its constituent minerals from northern Michigan","docAbstract":"

The Sm-Nd isotopic system of a tonalitic augen gneiss and its constituent minerals from northern Michigan was disturbed during metamorphism. Sm-Nd zircon ages are lower than the wholerock Sm-Nd model age. However, closely associated pairs of minerals (for example, sphene and biotite or apatite and plagioclase) retain their apparent metamorphic ages. The Sm-Nd model age for the tonalitic augen gneiss of 3919 ± 30myr, appears to reflect open system behavior during metamorphism. A mineralogically different gneiss from the same location has a Sm-Nd model age of 3520 ± 70 myr. The two whole rocks differ in their Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr systematics and in their chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns. The whole-rock-normalized mineral REE patterns show the contribution of the major and trace minerals to the REE content of the whole rock. The trace minerals contain a significant amount of the total REE.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(81)90148-4","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Futa, K., 1981, Sm-Nd systematics of a tonalitic augen gneiss and its constituent minerals from northern Michigan: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 45, no. 7, p. 1245-1249, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(81)90148-4.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1245","endPage":"1249","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222287,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b917ce4b08c986b319925","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Futa, K.","contributorId":26435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Futa","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012047,"text":"70012047 - 1981 - Geochemical evidence for modern sediment accumulation on the continental shelf off southern New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T10:29:23","indexId":"70012047","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evidence for modern sediment accumulation on the continental shelf off southern New England","docAbstract":"

An area of fine-grained sediment approximately 170 km x 74 km in size, located in water depths between 60 m and 150 m, south of Martha's Vineyard, Mass., is a site of modern sediment deposition. The 14C ages systematically increase with sediment depth from about 1,300 years B.P. at the surface to 8,000-10,000 years B.P. at the depth of maximum core penetration. The old age for the surface sediments probably results from a combination of deposition of old carbon and faunal mixing. In the finest sediments, the sedimentation rates were approximately 130 cm/1,000 yrs when deposition began and have decreased to about 25 cm/1,000 yrs. The decreasing sedimentation rate reflects a diminishing source of fine sediments, which presumably came from the Georges Bank and Nantucket Shoals area. Inventories of excess 210Pb in undisturbed cores average 70 dpm/cm2 (disintegrations per minute per square centimeter), more than two times higher than the flux of 210Pb from the atmosphere and from 226Ra decay in the overlying water. This additional influx of 210Pb either must be with new fine-grained sediment material or from solutions that are stripped of their 210Pb by particulates in the bottom nepheloid layer. Stable Pb concentrations in surface sediments are about 28 ppm, as much as two times higher than concentrations at depth. The high accumulation rates, 210Pb inventories, and trace-metal profiles imply that this area is a modern sink for fine-grained sediments and for pollutants associated with particulate matter in the water column. To our knowledge, this is the only site of present-day natural deposition on the Continental Shelf off the eastern United States, exclusive of the Gulf of Maine. Because the net currents on the outer half of this Continental Shelf flow from northeast to southwest, this fine-grained deposit may receive its sediments and possible contaminants from the Nantucket Shoals and Georges Bank regions.

","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F7C70-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Bothner, M., Spiker, E., Johnson, P.P., Rendigs, R., and Aruscavage, P.J., 1981, Geochemical evidence for modern sediment accumulation on the continental shelf off southern New England: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 51, no. 1, p. 281-292, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F7C70-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"292","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"New England","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.78466796874999,\n 39.308800296002914\n ],\n [\n -71.78466796874999,\n 41.03793062246529\n ],\n [\n -68.258056640625,\n 41.03793062246529\n ],\n [\n -68.258056640625,\n 39.308800296002914\n ],\n [\n -71.78466796874999,\n 39.308800296002914\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1630e4b0c8380cd550a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":362607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spiker, E.C.","contributorId":103275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spiker","given":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, P. P.","contributorId":64807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rendigs, R.R.","contributorId":50506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rendigs","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aruscavage, P. J.","contributorId":41411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aruscavage","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70236631,"text":"70236631 - 1981 - Electronic and optical modification of the engineering model FLD and the evolution of peripheral equipment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-13T18:57:28.859157","indexId":"70236631","displayToPublicDate":"1980-12-01T13:52:18","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesNumber":"81-03","title":"Electronic and optical modification of the engineering model FLD and the evolution of peripheral equipment","docAbstract":"

The purpose of the Workshop on Luminescence Techniques was threefold: (1) to review the state-of-the-art capabilities of luminescence methods, (2) to consider a variety of concepts for the development of future luminescence sensor systems, and (3) to discuss appropriate research and development strategies for advancing the current state-of-the-art.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Workshop on applications of luminescence techniques to Earth resource studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Workshop on Applications of Luminescence Techniques to Earth Resource Studies","conferenceDate":"December 10-12, 1980","conferenceLocation":"Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, Texas, United States","language":"English","publisher":"Lunar and Planetary Institute","usgsCitation":"Watson, R.D., and Theisen, A.F., 1981, Electronic and optical modification of the engineering model FLD and the evolution of peripheral equipment, in Workshop on applications of luminescence techniques to Earth resource studies, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, Texas, United States, December 10-12, 1980, p. 15-18.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":406629,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://repository.hou.usra.edu/handle/20.500.11753/932"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hemphill, William R.","contributorId":21970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemphill","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":851555,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Settle, Mark","contributorId":296445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Settle","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851556,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Watson, Robert D.","contributorId":62605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":851553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Theisen, Arnold F.","contributorId":12052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theisen","given":"Arnold","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":851554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70204689,"text":"70204689 - 1980 - Cognitive model for recreational spatial behavior in an urban area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-08T14:33:00","indexId":"70204689","displayToPublicDate":"2018-12-31T14:23:28","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5412,"text":"Southeastern Geographer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cognitive model for recreational spatial behavior in an urban area","docAbstract":"

No abstract available

","language":"English","publisher":"University of North Carolina Press","doi":"10.1353/sgo.1980.0008","usgsCitation":"Lloyd, R.E., and Ader, R., 1980, Cognitive model for recreational spatial behavior in an urban area: Southeastern Geographer, v. 20, no. 2, p. 145-159, https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.1980.0008.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"159","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366418,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":366417,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.uncpress.org/journals/southeastern-geographer/"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Columbia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.03034973144531,\n 33.99660408006535\n ],\n [\n -80.96940994262695,\n 33.99660408006535\n ],\n [\n -80.96940994262695,\n 34.0297580323021\n ],\n [\n -81.03034973144531,\n 34.0297580323021\n ],\n [\n -81.03034973144531,\n 33.99660408006535\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lloyd, Robert E.","contributorId":218019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lloyd","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ader, Robert","contributorId":218020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ader","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162227,"text":"70162227 - 1980 - Modified fyke net for the capture and retention of salmon smolts in large rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-19T10:50:40","indexId":"70162227","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modified fyke net for the capture and retention of salmon smolts in large rivers","language":"English","publisher":" Bureau of Fisheries, U.S. Department of Commerce","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1980)42[235:MFNFTC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Davis, S., Congleton, J., and Tyler, R., 1980, Modified fyke net for the capture and retention of salmon smolts in large rivers: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 42, no. 4, p. 235-237, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1980)42[235:MFNFTC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314463,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569f6c45e4b0961cf27fd1b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, S.K.","contributorId":71373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Congleton, J.L.","contributorId":65622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Congleton","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tyler, R.W.","contributorId":152325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tyler","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70118039,"text":"70118039 - 1980 - Modern sedimentary facies of the open Pacific coast and Pleistocene analogs from Montery Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T10:30:01","indexId":"70118039","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T10:07:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modern sedimentary facies of the open Pacific coast and Pleistocene analogs from Montery Bay, California","docAbstract":"

Depositional processes and sedimentary structures of wave-dominated Pacific coastal environments vary systematically with water depth. The depth-limited open-coast facies identifiable by their sedimentary structures are the inner shelf, barred or nonbarred nearshore, beach, and coastal dune facies. These facies are most commonly preserved in shallowing-upward progradational sequences.

\n
\n

The vertical sequence of sedimentary structures preserved in marine terrace deposits in the northern Monterey Bay region is very similar to that predicted on the basis of the modern facies. Few marine sediments deposited during the marine transgression that accompanied rising sea level were preserved. Most of the the marine and eolian sediments form a progradational sequence deposited mainly during intervals of falling sea level. In contrast, the sediments that form the adjacent fluvial terraces were deposited mainly during periods of rising sea level and became entrenched during the subsequent lowering of sea level. In combination, these fluvial, marine, and eolian deposits provide a record of a complete eustatic cycle.

\n
\n

The recognition of the role of changing sea level in controlling patterns of coastal sedimentation and landform development during the Quaternary allows the development of a generalized model for Quaternary sedimentation along a wave-dominated coastline. The application of this model has aided in the interpretation of older Pleistocene sediments in the region (e.g. the Aromas Sand). It also has resulted in the recognition of at least eleven glacio-eustatic cycles preserved in the stratigraphic record of the Monterey Bay area during the Quaternary.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary depositional environments of the Pacific Coast : Pacific Coast Paleogeography Symposium 4","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists","publisherLocation":"Los Angeles, CA","usgsCitation":"Dupre, W., Clifton, H., Hunter, R.E., and Field, M.E., 1980, Modern sedimentary facies of the open Pacific coast and Pleistocene analogs from Montery Bay, California, in Quaternary depositional environments of the Pacific Coast : Pacific Coast Paleogeography Symposium 4, p. 105-120.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"120","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290981,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/pac_sepm/028/028001/pdfs/105.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.145263,36.629278 ], [ -122.145263,36.941309 ], [ -121.827806,36.941309 ], [ -121.827806,36.629278 ], [ -122.145263,36.629278 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ff9244e4b0824b2d16eebb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509919,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"et al.","contributorId":128369,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"et al.","id":536672,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Dupre, W.R.","contributorId":57540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupre","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clifton, H.E.","contributorId":44151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifton","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunter, R. E.","contributorId":48148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043180,"text":"70043180 - 1980 - Paleoecological evaluation of Late Eocene biostratigraphic zonations of the Pacific Coast of North America","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10250,"text":"ofr79934 - 1979 - Paleoecological evaluation of Late Eocene biostratigraphic zonations on the west coast","indexId":"ofr79934","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Paleoecological evaluation of Late Eocene biostratigraphic zonations on the west coast"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043180,"text":"70043180 - 1980 - Paleoecological evaluation of Late Eocene biostratigraphic zonations of the Pacific Coast of North America","indexId":"70043180","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Paleoecological evaluation of Late Eocene biostratigraphic zonations of the Pacific Coast of North America"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-06T18:27:08","indexId":"70043180","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3003,"text":"Paleontological Monograph","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoecological evaluation of Late Eocene biostratigraphic zonations of the Pacific Coast of North America","docAbstract":"The late Eocene zonal criteria of the west coast of North America are to a large extent controlled by paleoecology and, therefore, the correlation of coeval but environmentally different benthic foraminiferal faunas cannot be achieved before paleoecological control of the biostratigraphy is understood. The faunal trends, morphology, characteristic occurrences and estimated upper depth limits of the benthic foraminifers and associated microfossils in the Oregon and Washington study sections lead to the recognition of paleoecologic facies. The interpretation of these late Eocene facies as bathymetric and low-oxygen facies is based on analogous late Eocene and Holocene assemblages. The paleoecologic facies criteria are often identical to the stage and zonal criteria. In the California zonal schemes, the Narizian zones are identified by lower and middle bathyal faunas whereas the Refugian zones are identified by outer neritic and upper bathyal faunas. The Washington late Eocene zones are identified by middle bathyal and transported neritic faunas. Modifications of the existing zonal schemes such that time and not paleoecology is the controlling factor results in a zonation that synthesizes the existing zonal schemes, recognizes regional stratigraphic ranges of diagnostic species, and removes paleoecologically controlled species occurrences. The late Narizian encompasses a bathyal and a neritic facies. The bathyal facies is correlative with a modified Bulimina corrugata Zone of California and the Uvigerina cf. U. yazooensis Zone of Washington. The neritic late Narizian facies corresponds to a modified Bulimina schencki-Plectofrondicularia cf. P. jenkinsi Zone of Washington and a modified Amphimorphina jenkinsi Zone of California. The Refugian can also be divided into a neritic and a bathyal facies. Although the early and late subdivisions of this stage are tentative, the early Refugian is equivalent to the modified versions of the Cibicides haydoni and the Uvigerina atwilli Subzones of the Valvulineria tumeyensis Zone and the Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone (in part) of California and the modified version of the Sigmomorphina schencki Zone of Washington. The late Refugian is equivalent to modified versions of the California Uvigerina vicksburgensis Zone (in part) and the Washington Cassidulina galvinensis Zone. The Cibicides haydoni Subzone is the neritic facies of the Refugian Stage, whereas the faunas of the Uvigerina atwilli Subzone and the Uvigerina vicksburgensis, Sigmomorphina schencki and Cassidulina galvinensis Zones represent the bathyal Refugian facies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleontological Monograph","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"McDougall, K., 1980, Paleoecological evaluation of Late Eocene biostratigraphic zonations of the Pacific Coast of North America: Paleontological Monograph, v. 2, p. 1-75.","productDescription":"75 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"75","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267087,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/1315662"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5113897ce4b0a9ee4115ba35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDougall, Kristin 0000-0002-8788-3664","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-3664","contributorId":85610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougall","given":"Kristin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046184,"text":"70046184 - 1980 - Estimated inflow and evaporation for Great Salt Lake, Utah, 1931-76, with revised model for evaluating the effects of dikes on the water and salt balance of the lake: Comprehensive water planning program","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":11535,"text":"ofr79258 - 1978 - Estimated inflow and evaporation for Great Salt Lake, Utah, 1931-76, with revised model for evaluating the effects of dikes on the water and salt balance of the lake","indexId":"ofr79258","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Estimated inflow and evaporation for Great Salt Lake, Utah, 1931-76, with revised model for evaluating the effects of dikes on the water and salt balance of the lake"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70046184,"text":"70046184 - 1980 - Estimated inflow and evaporation for Great Salt Lake, Utah, 1931-76, with revised model for evaluating the effects of dikes on the water and salt balance of the lake: Comprehensive water planning program","indexId":"70046184","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Estimated inflow and evaporation for Great Salt Lake, Utah, 1931-76, with revised model for evaluating the effects of dikes on the water and salt balance of the lake: Comprehensive water planning program"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T14:03:10","indexId":"70046184","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":247,"text":"Cooperative Investigations Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"20","title":"Estimated inflow and evaporation for Great Salt Lake, Utah, 1931-76, with revised model for evaluating the effects of dikes on the water and salt balance of the lake: Comprehensive water planning program","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the State of Utah","usgsCitation":"Waddell, K., and Barton, J., 1980, Estimated inflow and evaporation for Great Salt Lake, Utah, 1931-76, with revised model for evaluating the effects of dikes on the water and salt balance of the lake: Comprehensive water planning program: Cooperative Investigations Report 20, iv, 57 p.","productDescription":"iv, 57 p.","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272987,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.1313,40.6379 ], [ -113.1313,41.7176 ], [ -111.9015,41.7176 ], [ -111.9015,40.6379 ], [ -113.1313,40.6379 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a72367e4b09db86f875cd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddell, K.M.","contributorId":59009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, J.D.","contributorId":54207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98559,"text":"wri80689 - 1980 - Storm runoff as related to urbanization in the Portland, Oregon-Vancouver, Washington Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-17T19:46:01.011552","indexId":"wri80689","displayToPublicDate":"2010-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-689","title":"Storm runoff as related to urbanization in the Portland, Oregon-Vancouver, Washington Area","docAbstract":"A series of equations was developed to provide a better method of determining flood frequencies in the Portland-Vancouver urban area than is now available. The resulting regression equations can be used to compute peak discharge and storm runoff with a standard error of estimate of approximately 30 percent. Basins used to define the regression equations ranged in size from 0.2 to 26 square miles. Those physical basin parameters that proved to be significant are: drainage area, effective impervious area, storage, rainfall intensity, basin slope, and soil infiltration. The equations indicate that total urbanization of an undeveloped basin can increase peak discharge as much as 3? times and almost double the volume of storm runoff.\n\nImpervious area, as delineated by mapping techniques, proved to be an inadequate physical parameter for use in the regression equations because builders and planners have devised many methods of routing storm runoff from impervious areas to the main channel (in effect, speeding up or slowing down the response to the storm). In some parts of the study area, storm runoff was diverted into dry wells and never entered the main channel. To define the effect of this rerouting, the digital model was used to find an effective impervious area that would 'best fit' the rainfall-runoff data. Field estimates to verify the effectiveness of the impervious area for two of the basins showed that optimizations were within 20 percent of those shown by the digital model.\n\nUsers of these data who may find the effective impervious area a difficult, expensive, and time-consuming parameter to obtain have an alternative. The combination of land-use type I (parks, forests, and vacant lots) and Type II (agriculture) proved to be an excellent inverse indicator of impervious area. Land-use types I and II, coupled with the street-gutter density, an indication of effective routing, provide the user with alternative indices of urbanization.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri80689","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Portland, Multnomah County, Oregon, Clark County, Washington and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Laenen, A., 1980, Storm runoff as related to urbanization in the Portland, Oregon-Vancouver, Washington Area (WRI/OFR): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-689, Report: viii, 62 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 x 40.19 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri80689.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 62 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 x 40.19 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_80_689.jpg"},{"id":414348,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri80-689/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13956,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri80-689/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"English","state":"Oregon, Washington","city":"Portland, Vancouver","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.25,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 45.333\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 45.333\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 45.75\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"WRI/OFR","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b30e4b07f02db6b407f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laenen, Antonius","contributorId":107673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laenen","given":"Antonius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221566,"text":"5221566 - 1980 - Computer simulation models as tools for identifying research needs: A black duck population model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:41","indexId":"5221566","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:30","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3640,"text":"Transactions of the Northeast Section of the Wildlife Society, Annual Fish and Wildlife Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computer simulation models as tools for identifying research needs: A black duck population model","docAbstract":"Existing data on the mortality and production rates of the black duck (Anas rubripes) were used to construct a WATFIV computer simulation model. The yearly cycle was divided into 8 phases: hunting, wintering, reproductive, molt, post-molt, and juvenile dispersal mortality, and production from original and renesting attempts. The program computes population changes for sex and age classes during each phase. After completion of a standard simulation run with all variable default values in effect, a sensitivity analysis was conducted by changing each of 50 input variables, 1 at a time, to assess the responsiveness of the model to changes in each variable. Thirteen variables resulted in a substantial change in population level. Adult mortality factors were important during hunting and wintering phases. All production and mortality associated with original nesting attempts were sensitive, as was juvenile dispersal mortality. By identifying those factors which invoke the greatest population change, and providing an indication of the accuracy required in estimating these factors, the model helps to identify those variables which would be most profitable topics for future research.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the Northeast Section of the Wildlife Society, Annual Fish and Wildlife Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ringelman, J., and Longcore, J.R., 1980, Computer simulation models as tools for identifying research needs: A black duck population model: Transactions of the Northeast Section of the Wildlife Society, Annual Fish and Wildlife Conference, v. 37, p. 182-193.","productDescription":"182-193","startPage":"182","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a3417","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringelman, J.K.","contributorId":65418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringelman","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221579,"text":"5221579 - 1980 - Demography of the Everglade kite: Implications for population management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T14:37:25.835626","indexId":"5221579","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:28","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demography of the Everglade kite: Implications for population management","docAbstract":"Simple deterministic and stochastic population modelsi are used to examine the demographic patterns of the Everglade Kite population. These efforts are directed at making inferences about the evolution of the kite life-history pattern, and at providing guidelines for the management of the kite population. The Everglade Kite has apparently evolved high adult survival rates, in partial response to a variable reproductive output. Proper management of this population should include the protection of adults from catastrophic mortality sources, and the provision of adequate water-levels to ensure reproductive success.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0304-3800(80)90018-6","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Hensler, G.L., and Sykes, P., 1980, Demography of the Everglade kite: Implications for population management: Ecological Modelling, v. 9, no. 3, p. 215-232, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(80)90018-6.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.39770507812499,\n 25.08062377244484\n ],\n [\n -80.36773681640625,\n 25.08062377244484\n ],\n [\n -80.36773681640625,\n 25.849336891707605\n ],\n [\n -81.39770507812499,\n 25.849336891707605\n ],\n [\n -81.39770507812499,\n 25.08062377244484\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47a3e4b07f02db49656e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hensler, Gary L.","contributorId":23111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensler","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sykes, P.W. Jr.","contributorId":107385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"P.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223490,"text":"5223490 - 1980 - On getting involved","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T10:27:33","indexId":"5223490","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:23","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On getting involved","docAbstract":"

The American Ornithologists' Union and its members had an early history of involvement in public affairs and conservation activities. A very active Committee on Bird Protection was among the first of the service committees to be established. In the 1880s it gathered data on the plumage trade and worked for legislation to protect birds, preparing a model law for the protection of nongame birds that was adopted quickly by two states and later by others. As a direct result of action at the 1884 A.O.U. meeting, the forerunner of the present U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service was established as a government office. The present National Audubon Society was another outgrowth of the A.O.U.'s early conservation and educational activities. In the 1920s the A.O.U. raised funds to establish a bird sanctuary at Olney, Illinois, in honor of Robert Ridgway.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Banks, R.C., 1980, On getting involved: The Auk, v. 97, no. 3, p. 637-638.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"637","endPage":"638","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341276,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4085862 "},{"id":201768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b45be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":102933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012268,"text":"70012268 - 1980 - Local magnetic field measurements and fault creep observations on the San Andreas fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-28T16:55:22.37264","indexId":"70012268","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local magnetic field measurements and fault creep observations on the San Andreas fault","docAbstract":"

Simultaneous creep and magnetic field records have been obtained for more than 60 episodic creep events since early 1974, no clear magnetic transients or offsets, as suggested by Breiner and Kovach (1968), are observed at or up to several days before the occurrence times of these events. Although some patterns of creep onset times at adjacent stations over periods of weeks to months appear to correspond to some periods of longer term change in local magnetic field, these changes do not always occur and other groups of creep events have no corresponding changes in local magnetic field. Changes in stress related to the surface expression of episodic fault creep on the San Andreas fault can be estimated from dislocation models fit to observations of simultaneous strains and tilts at points near the fault. These stress values are generally less than 1 bar. For these stress levels and with the apparent limited extent of surface failure, tectonomagnetic models of creep events indicate that simultaneous observations of related magnetic field variations at detectable levels of a gamma or so are unlikely. Slip at greater depth may occur more smoothly and would load the near-surface material to failure. These data also argue against large-scale dilatant cracking occurring along the region of the fault presently monitored.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(80)90261-9","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Johnston, M., Smith, B., and Burford, R.O., 1980, Local magnetic field measurements and fault creep observations on the San Andreas fault: Tectonophysics, v. 64, no. 1-2, p. 47-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(80)90261-9.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"57","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222247,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.73713059191894,\n 38.02623917115008\n ],\n [\n -122.18439556906878,\n 36.3530631585873\n ],\n [\n -121.0969511840688,\n 34.59516571202404\n ],\n [\n -120.06558593874688,\n 34.74603016116721\n ],\n [\n -119.3163371495885,\n 35.68691018922153\n ],\n [\n -119.80297574464274,\n 36.855714289156964\n ],\n [\n -120.54105784118713,\n 38.00779908036776\n ],\n [\n -122.73713059191894,\n 38.02623917115008\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48dde4b0c8380cd681a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, B.E.","contributorId":36495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burford, Robert O.","contributorId":52560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burford","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012110,"text":"70012110 - 1980 - First-order analysis of deformation of a thrust sheet moving over a ramp","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-29T15:04:49.1749","indexId":"70012110","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First-order analysis of deformation of a thrust sheet moving over a ramp","docAbstract":"

John L. Rich introduced the revolutionary concept that many folds in the Appalachian Mountains can be explained as superficial structures formed by passive translation of thrust blocks over ramps in detachment surfaces. The amount of layer-parallel shortening can be negligible in the formation of these folds. Rich primarily was concerned with an explanation for the Powell Valley anticline, in the southern Appalachians, but the essential kinematic features of his model of folding have been verified in other folds in the Appalachians, in the Canadian Rockies, in the Idaho-Wyoming thrust belt, and in the Pyrenees. In this paper we solve the boundary-value problem for an idealized thrust block moving over a detachment surface and ramp with zero drag, and produce theoretical fold forms in the thrust block that closely resemble those in Rich's idealized model. The anticline is narrow and rounded if the translation is small, and broad and flat-topped if the translation is large. The limbs of the anticline are symmetric. We also incorporate drag along the ramp part of the detachment surface in order to derive a possible explanation for the asymmetry of dips of the two limbs of the Powell Valley anticline. We show that drag can explain the asymmetry, particularly if drag between relatively competent rocks in opposition at the ramp caused an initial anticline to form as the thrust block began to move, and then drag reduced markedly as relatively soft shales at the base of the block were thrust over competent rocks in the ramp. The existence of the initial anticline should be reflected in asymmetry of the two limbs and in a bulge at the distal edge of the broad anticline. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(80)90276-0","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Berger, P., and Johnson, A.M., 1980, First-order analysis of deformation of a thrust sheet moving over a ramp: Tectonophysics, v. 70, no. 3-4, p. T9-T24, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(80)90276-0.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"T9","endPage":"T24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221990,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"eastern United States, southern Appalachian Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.19179263100064,\n 39.038997951670694\n ],\n [\n -84.3145804819682,\n 35.30956856895179\n ],\n [\n -85.13495738343977,\n 34.614574047357905\n ],\n [\n -84.04298728715335,\n 33.80528083790351\n ],\n [\n -82.08231983700733,\n 34.25686032887502\n ],\n [\n -78.1584379511874,\n 37.402563303945264\n ],\n [\n -76.28591496451956,\n 38.84750834284074\n ],\n [\n -81.19179263100064,\n 39.038997951670694\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a106ce4b0c8380cd53c74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, Philip","contributorId":61165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Philip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Arvid M.","contributorId":99547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Arvid","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010361,"text":"70010361 - 1980 - Geochemistry of amino acids in shells of the clam Saxidomus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-18T15:55:17.622549","indexId":"70010361","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3067,"text":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of amino acids in shells of the clam Saxidomus","docAbstract":"

Concentrations of amino acids and their corresponding dl\">dl enantiomeric ratios have been measured in shells of the bivalve mollusk Saxidomus from eleven localities, ranging in age from modern to probably more than 500,000 yr, along the Pacific coast of North America. Natural logarithms of amino acid concentrations correlate well with dl\">dl ratios, and the relationship provides a possible guide to the selection of fossils for use in amino acid dating. The relative order of the extents of racemization of amino acids at any given time appears to change with increasing sample age. Application of the amino acid dating method to shells from Whidbey Island, Washington, yields an age of about 80,000 yr, in contrast to the previously determined radiocarbon age of 36,000 yr which was measured on some shell carbonate and considered a minimum age. The amino acid age is compatible with the geologic record in the area.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0079-1946(79)90115-0","issn":"00791946","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K., Blunt, D., McMenamin, M., and Straham, S., 1980, Geochemistry of amino acids in shells of the clam Saxidomus: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, v. 12, p. 321-332, https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-1946(79)90115-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"332","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219528,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.61186272740653,\n 56.712698241976454\n ],\n [\n -170.69274395476376,\n 54.24667413156841\n ],\n [\n -170.52708315432986,\n 52.29939548481851\n ],\n [\n -167.87277452447717,\n 50.61584820893708\n ],\n [\n -123.7124366513695,\n 45.94046589219681\n ],\n [\n -116.85265148388433,\n 45.64272351111558\n ],\n [\n -117.07255895617115,\n 48.83952066838893\n ],\n [\n -121.43921496672334,\n 49.00162263767829\n ],\n [\n -124.23452351009806,\n 48.616747600131006\n ],\n [\n -163.61186272740653,\n 56.712698241976454\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16ece4b0c8380cd552f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blunt, D.J.","contributorId":93189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blunt","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMenamin, M.A.","contributorId":13739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMenamin","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Straham, S.E.","contributorId":96414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straham","given":"S.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":47648,"text":"wri801124 - 1980 - Preliminary evaluation of lake susceptibility to water-quality degradation by recreational use, Alpine Lakes Wilderness Area, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:22","indexId":"wri801124","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1124","title":"Preliminary evaluation of lake susceptibility to water-quality degradation by recreational use, Alpine Lakes Wilderness Area, Washington","docAbstract":"The relative susceptibility of lakes in the Alpine Lakes Wilderness Area to water-quality degradation was evaluated from two perspectives: (1) water-quality sensitivity, which is the tendency of a lake 's water quality to degrade in response to pollutant loading, and (2) pollutant-loading likelihood, which is determined by the presence of drainage-basin features that enhance the transport of pollutants to a lake. Water-quality sensitivity was evaluated for 60 lakes, using a mass-balance phosphorus model to predict the response of each lake to a hypothetical ' worst-case ' increase in phosphorus loading. This evaluation suggested that lakes in the Alpine Lakes Wilderness Area generally are not sensitive to foreseeable increases in phosphorus loading because of their high rate of dilution and flushing. Pollutant-loading likelihood was evaluated according to the amount of seasonal ' wet area ' near a lake and in the drainage basin. Of 298 lakes evaluated for pollutant-loading likelihood, 74 lakes were rated moderate to high. On the basis of these findings, lakes in the Alpine Lakes Wilderness Area are generally not considered susceptible to long-term degradation as a result of recreational use, but some lakes are probably susceptible to temporary local pollution. The nature of this potential problem, and knowledge of natural features of the Alpine Lakes Wilderness Area, suggest an approach for managing recreation so that the risk of water-quality degradation is minimized. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri801124","usgsCitation":"Gilliom, R.J., Dethier, D.P., Safioles, S., and Heller, P., 1980, Preliminary evaluation of lake susceptibility to water-quality degradation by recreational use, Alpine Lakes Wilderness Area, Washington (WRI/OFR): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-1124, 1 map ;70 x 79 cm., on sheet 91 x 122 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri801124.","productDescription":"1 map ;70 x 79 cm., on sheet 91 x 122 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/1124/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":84561,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/1124/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","edition":"WRI/OFR","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668dc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":235953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dethier, D. P.","contributorId":43726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dethier","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Safioles, S. A.","contributorId":52961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safioles","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heller, P.L.","contributorId":104131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heller","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":37236,"text":"rp137 - 1980 - Handbook of acute toxicity of chemicals to fish and aquatic invertebrates : summaries of toxicity tests conducted at Columbia National Fisheries Research Laboratory, 1965-78","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-02T11:41:56","indexId":"rp137","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":79,"text":"Resource Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"137","title":"Handbook of acute toxicity of chemicals to fish and aquatic invertebrates : summaries of toxicity tests conducted at Columbia National Fisheries Research Laboratory, 1965-78","docAbstract":"

Acute toxicity is a major subject of research at Columbia National Fisheries Research Laboratory for evaluating the impact of toxic chemicals on fishery resources. The Laboratory has played a leading role in developing research technology for toxicity testing and data interpretation. In 1965-78, more than 400 chemicals were tested against a variety of invertebrates and fish species representative of both cold- and warm-water climates.

The use of acute toxicity tests for assessing the potential hazard of chemical contaminants to aquatic organisms is well documented (Boyd 1957; Henderson et al. 1960; Sanders and Cope 1966; Macek and McAllister 1970). Static acute toxicity tests provide rapid and (within limits) reproducible concentration-response curves for estimating toxic effects of chemicals on aquatic organisms. These tests provide a database for determining relative toxicity of a large number of chemicals to a variety of species and for estimating acute effects of chemical spills on natural aquatic systems; they also assist in determining priority and design of additional toxicity studies.

Acute toxicity tests usually provide estimates of the exposure concentration causing 50% mortality (LC50) to test organisms during a specified period of time. For certain invertebrates, the effective concentration is based on immobilization, or some other identifiable endpoint, rather than on lethality. The application of the LC50 has gained acceptance among toxicologists and is generally the most highly rated test for assessing potential adverse effects of chemical contaminants to aquatic life (Brungs and Mount 1978; American Institute for Biological Sciences 1978a).

The literature contains numerous papers dealing with the acute toxicity of chemicals to freshwater organisms. However, there is a tremendous need for a concise compendium of toxicity data covering a large variety of chemicals and test species. This Handbook is a compilation of a large volume of acute toxicity data from the Columbia Laboratory and its field laboratories. It presents definitive acute toxicity data on 271 chemicals tested against a variety of freshwater invertebrates and fishes. The chemicals represent all major groups of pesticides, as well as numerous industrial chemicals. This compilation should serve as a useful database for the many agencies and organizations dealing with research and management programs concerned with the impact of chemicals on aquatic resources.

The Columbia Laboratory has played a major role in developing currently used standard methodology for static acute toxicity testing. The use of standardized methodology greatly reduces variation in results. The data presented here have been carefully scrutinized to eliminate tests that failed to follow acceptable procedures. Handling of test organisms and procedures for static toxicity tests followed those described by Lennon and Walker (1964) and Macek and McAllister (1970), and conform well with those recommended by Brauhn and Schoettger (1975) and the Committee on Methods for Toxicity Tests with Aquatic Organisms (1975).

The species of fish and invertebrates that were tested are listed in phylogenetic order in Tables 1 and 2. Fish were obtained from Federal and State hatcheries as either eggs or fry. Original stocks of invertebrates were collected and cultured from wild populations with no known source of contamination; these populations were replenished regularly. The invertebrates were cultured in the Laboratory by methods similar to those described by Sanders and Cope (1966).

Test chemicals usually consisted of technical or analytical grade samples of known purity. Formulations of the chemicals were also tested when available. When purity of test chemicals was known, all calculated concentrations were based on percent active ingredients. Stock solutions were prepared immediately before each test, with commercial grade acetone as the carrier solvent. Occasionally, ethanol or dimethyl-formamide was substituted. Solvent concentrations did not exceed 0.5 mL/L in final dilution water.

Test water (dilution water) was reconstituted from deionized water of at least 106 ohms resistivity by the addition of appropriate reagent grade chemicals (Marking 1969). Water was buffered to maintain a pH of 7.2 to 7.5, an alkalinity of 30 to 35 mg/L, and a hardness of 40 to 50 mg/L as CaCO3. Test water was mixed thoroughly and aerated before transfer into test chambers. Fish were acclimated to dilution water by gradually changing the water in acclimated tanks from 100% well water to 100% reconstituted water over a 1- to 3-day period at the desired testing temperature. Invertebrates were acclimated from well water to dilution water over a 4- to 6-h period. Toxicity tests were conducted under static conditions without aeration, and the organisms were not fed during acclimation or testing. Temperature of test solutions was maintained within ± 1°C of that required for a given test.

Toxicity tests with fish were conducted in 18.9-liter (5-gal) wide-mouthed jars containing 15 liters of test solution. Fingerling fish weighing 0.2 to 1.5 g were tested at each concentration. Caution was taken not to exceed 0.8 g of test organisms per liter of solution. Duplicate test chambers were used to accommodate larger fish. Test chambers varied in size for invertebrates, depending on the species used; volume of test solution ranged from 0.25 to 4 liters. At least 10 organisms were exposed to each concentration for all definitive tests. At least six concentrations were used per toxicity test.

The tests began upon initial exposure to the toxicant and continued for 96 h. Immobilization tests with invertebrates were conducted for only 48 h. The number of dead or affected organisms in each test chamber were recorded and the dead organisms were removed every 24 h; general observations on the condition of test organisms were also recorded at these times.

Toxicity data were analyzed by a statistical method described by Litchfield and Wilcoxon (1949) to determine LC50 (theoretical estimate of the concentration lethal to 50% of the test animals) and 95% confidence intervals. This method is recommended by the American Public Health Association (1971) and by Sprague (1969) for determining median lethal concentrations. The procedure is easily modified for computing a single LC50 when replicate tests are performed.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Johnson, W.W., and Finley, M.T., 1980, Handbook of acute toxicity of chemicals to fish and aquatic invertebrates : summaries of toxicity tests conducted at Columbia National Fisheries Research Laboratory, 1965-78: Resource Publication 137, v, 98 p.","productDescription":"v, 98 p.","numberOfPages":"106","temporalStart":"1965-01-01","temporalEnd":"1978-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":330650,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290334,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/37236/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a538","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, W. Waynon","contributorId":89581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Waynon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":511199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finley, Mack T.","contributorId":73250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finley","given":"Mack","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":511198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}