A computer program, based on a one-dimensional mathematical model which predicts the stream water-quality response characteristics from waste source inputs, is described and documented. Variables predicted include dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrogen forms, total and fecal-coliform bacteria, orthophosphate-phosphorus, and various conservative substances. The model is based primarily on the well known Streeter-Phelps oxygen-sag equation. Special options of the program include the capability of handling nonpoint source waste inputs and anoxic conditions.
The model formulation is based on a steady-state assumption which requires constant flow rate of waste and stream discharges and associated parameters. To achieve a problem solution, each reach of a stream system is broken into a given number of subreaches, generally defined by locations of waste or tributary inflow points. All waste constituents are assumed to be completely mixed within any cross section.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7945","usgsCitation":"Bauer, D.P., Jennings, M.E., and Miller, J.E., 1979, One-dimensional steady-state stream water-quality model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-45, iv, 215 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7945.","productDescription":"iv, 215 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":377056,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0045/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0045/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f400a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bauer, Daniel P.","contributorId":24337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, Marshall E.","contributorId":55813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Jeffrey E.","contributorId":76717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":9682,"text":"ofr79270 - 1979 - Modeling highly transient flow, mass, and heat transport in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9682,"text":"ofr79270 - 1979 - Modeling highly transient flow, mass, and heat transport in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia","indexId":"ofr79270","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Modeling highly transient flow, mass, and heat transport in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6058,"text":"pp1136 - 1979 - Modeling highly transient flow, mass, and heat transport in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia","indexId":"pp1136","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Modeling highly transient flow, mass, and heat transport in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":6058,"text":"pp1136 - 1979 - Modeling highly transient flow, mass, and heat transport in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia","indexId":"pp1136","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Modeling highly transient flow, mass, and heat transport in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T11:39:38","indexId":"ofr79270","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-270","title":"Modeling highly transient flow, mass, and heat transport in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia","docAbstract":"A coupled flow-temperature model has been developed and verified for a 27.9-km reach of the Chattahoochee River between Buford Dam and Norcross, Ga. Flow in this reach of the Chattahoochee is continuous but highly regulated by Buford Dam, a flood-control and hydroelectric facility located near Buford, Ga. Calibration and verification utilized two sets of data collected under highly unsteady discharge conditions. Existing solution techniques, with certain minor improvements, were applied to verify the existing technology of flow and transport modeling. A linear, implicit finite-difference flow model was coupled with implicit, finite-difference transport and temperature models. Both the conservative and nonconservative forms of the transport equation were solved, and the difference in the predicted concentrations of dye were found to be insignificant. The temperature model, therefore, was based on the simpler nonconservative form of the transport equation. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr79270","usgsCitation":"Jobson, H.E., and Keefer, T.N., 1979, Modeling highly transient flow, mass, and heat transport in the Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-270, xv, 139 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79270.","productDescription":"xv, 139 p. ","numberOfPages":"160","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363251,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0270/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":" https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0270/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Atlanta, Buford, Norcross","otherGeospatial":" Buford Dam, Chattahoochee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n \"stroke-width\": 2,\n \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n \"fill-opacity\": 0.5\n },\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 34.496370914707285\n ],\n [\n -83.66363525390625,\n 34.45448326886294\n ],\n [\n -83.64852905273438,\n 34.40464357107094\n ],\n [\n -83.64715576171875,\n 34.35137289731883\n ],\n [\n -83.70208740234375,\n 34.25494631082515\n ],\n [\n -83.80508422851564,\n 34.226564487211114\n ],\n [\n -83.87512207031251,\n 34.15727269301868\n ],\n [\n -84.01107788085938,\n 34.008273470938335\n ],\n [\n -84.28024291992188,\n 33.792843773631844\n ],\n [\n -84.5343017578125,\n 33.7597402884442\n ],\n [\n -84.58786010742188,\n 33.80197351806589\n ],\n [\n -84.59609985351562,\n 33.865854454071865\n ],\n [\n -84.5672607421875,\n 33.950195282756994\n ],\n [\n -84.45877075195312,\n 34.07882486401267\n ],\n [\n -84.30221557617188,\n 34.24813554589752\n ],\n [\n -84.13330078125,\n 34.37517887533528\n ],\n [\n -84.08660888671875,\n 34.43862840686652\n ],\n [\n -83.96987915039061,\n 34.48957975202644\n ],\n [\n -83.88473510742186,\n 34.49750272138159\n ],\n [\n -83.71307373046874,\n 34.496370914707285\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699951","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jobson, Harvey E.","contributorId":27032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keefer, Thomas N.","contributorId":43752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27022,"text":"wri79106 - 1979 - Geohydrology and digital-simulation model of the Farrington aquifer in the northern coastal plain of New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-20T01:01:36","indexId":"wri79106","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-106","title":"Geohydrology and digital-simulation model of the Farrington aquifer in the northern coastal plain of New Jersey","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional digital-computer flow model was developed to simulate the Farrington aquifer in the northern part of the Coastal Plain of New Jersey. The area of detailed study includes approximately 500 square miles in Middlesex and Monmouth Couties where the aquifer provides a large part of the municipal and industrial water supply. The area modeled is much larger, extending seaward as well as northeastward into Long Island. The aquifer consists chiefly of the Farrington Sand Member of the Raritan Formation and is composed of sand and some gravel. It thickens from a featheredge in outcrop to more than 170 feet, 11 miles to the southeast. The confining unit between the Farrington and the overlying Old Bridge Sand Member of the Magothy Formation consists primarily of the Woodbridge Clay Member of the Raritan Formation and has a maximum thickness of 244 feet. The model simulates both water-table and artesian conditions. The confining unit overlying the Farrington aquifer is simulated as having a variable thickness and vertical hydraulic conductivity. The effect of a declining water level in the overlying Old Bridge aquifer on the Farrington aquifer is also simulated by the model. Values used to describe the hydraulic properties of the Farrington aquifer are: a hydraulic conductivity of 105 feet per day, a storage coefficient of 1.6 x 10-4 for artesian conditions, and a specific yield of 0.25 for water-table conditions. Values for the overlying confining unit are: a vertical hydraulic conductivity ranging from 4.2 x 10-7 to 1.0 x 10-10 feet per second and a specific storage of 4 x 10-5 feet-1. Aquifer simulation for the 15-year period, 1959-73, was used to calibrage the model. The model was calibrated by comparing the observed potentiometric surface of November 1973 with the simulated potentiometric surface. In addition, hydrographs for selected wells were compared with model results. Ground-water withdrawals for 1959 and 1973 were 12.1 and 28.5 milion gallons per day, respectively. Potentiometric surfaces for 1985 and 2000 were computed based on a linear projection of ground-water withdrawals (39.5 and 56.9 million gallons per day in 1985 and 2000, respectively) of the period 1959 through 1973. These surfaces are deeper than that of November, 1973, and the cone of depression is wider. The potentiometric head projected by the model in the vicinity of Sayreville will be more than 150 feet below mean sea level by 2000; the head in this area was 70 feet below sea level in 1973. The model calculated ground-water budgets for steady-state and transient conditions for the entire modeled area and for several rectangular subareas. Ground-water flow into the modeled Farrington aquifer under steady-state conditions before ground-water development was 16 cubic feet per second for the entire area. Recharge in the outcrop area and vertical leakage from the Old Bridge was 8 cubic feet per second each. Approximately 75 percent of the discharge occurred as seepage into surface-water bodies in and near the outcrop and as lateral flow southwestward into Burlington County near the outcrop area. The remaining 25 percent occurred southeast of the outcrop as vertical leakage into the overlying Old Bridge aquifer and as lateral flow to the south into Ocean and Burlington Counties. A transient water budget for 1973 was calculated for a subarea consisting mainly of Middlesex County. The model indicates that 48 percent (14.3 cubic feet per second) of the total inflow to the subareas was through its boundaries. Other sources of water include direct recharge within the subarea (5.4 cubic feet per second), vertical leakage (mainly from the Old Bridge) within the subarea (2.6 cubic feet per second), and water released from storage (3.4 cubic feet per second). Discharge from the subarea consisted mainly of withdrawals (26.5 cubic feet per second). It also included vertical leakage to the Old Bridge and discharge to surface-water bodies simulated by constant-head nodes (3.2 cubic feet per second).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri79106","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Farlekas, G.M., 1979, Geohydrology and digital-simulation model of the Farrington aquifer in the northern coastal plain of New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-106, vi, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri79106.","productDescription":"vi, 55 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_79_106.gif"},{"id":257664,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/preview/wri/1979/106/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Burlington;Middlesex;Monmouth;Ocean","otherGeospatial":"Farrington Aquifer;Long Island;Old Bridge Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75,39 ], [ -75,41.5 ], [ -72.25,41.5 ], [ -72.25,39 ], [ -75,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699e78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farlekas, George M.","contributorId":44963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farlekas","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11283,"text":"ofr791240 - 1979 - The sorting and deposition of allochthonous plant material in a modern environment at Silwood Lake, Silwood Park, Berkshire, England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:26","indexId":"ofr791240","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1240","title":"The sorting and deposition of allochthonous plant material in a modern environment at Silwood Lake, Silwood Park, Berkshire, England","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr791240","usgsCitation":"Spicer, R.A., 1979, The sorting and deposition of allochthonous plant material in a modern environment at Silwood Lake, Silwood Park, Berkshire, England: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1240, x, 177 leaves, ca. 200 leaves of plates :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (260 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791240.","productDescription":"x, 177 leaves, ca. 200 leaves of plates :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (260 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db6363a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spicer, Robert A.","contributorId":80681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":13204,"text":"ofr80167 - 1979 - The brightness of lights on Earth at night, digitally recorded by DMSP satellite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T15:14:50","indexId":"ofr80167","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-167","title":"The brightness of lights on Earth at night, digitally recorded by DMSP satellite","docAbstract":"The U.S. Air Force has operated its Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) for nearly a decade, and film images from the system have been openly available since 1973. Films are well suited for the study of weather, and users of such films have derived much useful data. For many potential remote sensing applications, however, a quantitative measurement of the brightness of the imaged light patterns is needed, and it cannot be extracted with adequte accuracy from the films. Such information is contained in the telemetry from the spacecraft and is retained on digital tapes, which store the images for a few days while they await filming. For practical reasons, it has not heretofore been feasible for the Air Force to provide a remote-sensing user with these digital data, and the quantitative brightness information has been lost with the erasure of tapes for re-use.
For the purpose of evaluation of tapes as a means for remote sensing, the Air Force recently did provide to the author six examples containing records of nighttime DMSP imagery similar to that which has previously 1 been evaluated by SRI International in a film format. The digital data create many new applications for these images, owing to a combination of several factors, the most important of which are the preservation of photometric information and of full spatial resolution. In this evaluation, stress has been placed upon determination of the broad potential value of the data rather than the full exploitation of any one aspect of it. The effort was guided by an objective to develop handling methods for the vast body of numbers--methods which will be practical for use in a research or engineering environment where budgets are limited, and specialized capabilities and image reproduction equipment has not already been developed. We report the degree of success obtained in this effort, pointing out the relative strengths and the relative limitations, as compared to the sophisticated, weather-oriented data processing which is well suited for the Air Force requirements.
Both geometric and photometric calibration methods are evaluated. An image can be considered as a 3-dimensional array, X, Y, Z, in which X and Y are the coordinates of a picture element (pixel) and Z is the brightness at that location. A method of approach to handling these parameters, particularly Y and Z, is developed in a form quite different from that which serves the operational applications.
The user of digital data will need the film images which are generated by the Air Force from the same data as is provided on digital tape. In the first stages of analysis, the films provide both a convenient index and a guide to identification of large patterns in the data. Additionally, the infrared (8 to 13 0 film provides a valuable indicator of cloud cover.
Two general conclusions are drawn from this study. Firstly, the digital DMSP data have great potential value but their cost, in terms of the interruption of the present operational routine, is quite high. Therefore, if a program is undertaken to provide for the open availability of an archive of digital records, great care must be exercised in selecting only those records which have unusually high value in order that the effort will be cost-effective. Secondly, it is concluded that several aspects of the program, well designed for Air Force operational purposes, are not adapted to earth-sensing needs. This is probably inevitable, since the two applications are largely different and in some ways incompatible. For example, the nighttime visual sensor saturates in the center of major cities and in moderately large fires (such as gas flares). This saturation prevents the analyst from integrating photometric parameters. For weather observation, this inability is unimportant, and acceptance of such saturation makes feasible a decrease in the data rate.
Such limitations in the data will probably be overcome only through modifying the existing system or the implementation of a similar system designed specifically to serve earth-sensing needs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr80167","usgsCitation":"Croft, T.A., 1979, The brightness of lights on Earth at night, digitally recorded by DMSP satellite: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-167, vi, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80167.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"66","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":341010,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0167/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0167/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db66963d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croft, Thomas A.","contributorId":33328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croft","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3966,"text":"cir810 - 1979 - The magnetic charts of the United States for Epoch 1975","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"cir810","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"810","title":"The magnetic charts of the United States for Epoch 1975","docAbstract":"Approximately 24,000 measurements taken from 1900 to 1974 were analyzed by least-squares methods to produce a series of five magnetic charts of the United States for 1975. A feature of the analysis, differing from techniques used for previous editions of the national chart, is that analytic models define the regional magnetic field and are used to contour the magnetic charts.\r\n\r\nAn overall rms (root mean square) fit of less than 235 nT was obtained for the horizontal and vertical intensities; for the chart of magnetic declination, the rms deviation was on the order of 0.5 degrees. The models of annual change, derived from data at repeat stations and observatories operated by the U.S. Geological Survey, yielded an rms deviation of approximately 6 nT/yr in the force components and 0.7 min/yr in magnetic declination.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Branch of Distribution, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir810","usgsCitation":"Fabiano, E.B., Jones, W.J., and Peddie, N.W., 1979, The magnetic charts of the United States for Epoch 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 810, iii, 15 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir810.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1979/0810/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31052,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1979/0810/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6990ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fabiano, Eugene B.","contributorId":9234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabiano","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, W. J.","contributorId":79088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peddie, Norman W.","contributorId":68711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peddie","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29277,"text":"wri7927 - 1979 - Estimating the gas and dye quantities for modified tracer technique measurements of stream reaeration coefficients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-14T14:50:03","indexId":"wri7927","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-27","title":"Estimating the gas and dye quantities for modified tracer technique measurements of stream reaeration coefficients","docAbstract":"Measuring the reaeration coefficient of a stream with a modified tracer technique has been accomplished by injecting either ethylene or ethylene and propane together and a rhodamine-WT dye solution into the stream. The movement of the tracers through the stream reach after injection is described by a one-dimensional diffusion equation. The peak concentrations of the tracers at the downstream end of the reach depend on the concentrations of the tracers in the stream at the injection site, the longitudinal dispersion coefficient, the mean water velocity, the length of the reach, and the duration of the injection period. The downstream gas concentrations also depend on the gas desorption coefficients of the reach. The concentrations of the tracer gases in the stream at the injection site depend on the flow rates of the gases through the injection diffusers, the efficiency of the gas absorption process, and the stream discharge. The concentration of dye in the stream at the injection site depends on the flow rate of the dye solution, the concentration of the dye solution, and the stream discharge. Equations for estimating the gas flow rates, the quantities of the gases, the dye concentration, and the quantity of dye together with procedures for determining the variables in these equations are presented. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7927","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., 1979, Estimating the gas and dye quantities for modified tracer technique measurements of stream reaeration coefficients: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-27, viii, 42 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7927.","productDescription":"viii, 42 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369231,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0027/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0027/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc6f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11358,"text":"ofr791237 - 1979 - A revised version of Graphic Normative Analysis Program (GNAP) with examples of petrologic problem solving","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:20","indexId":"ofr791237","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1237","title":"A revised version of Graphic Normative Analysis Program (GNAP) with examples of petrologic problem solving","docAbstract":"A revised version of Graphic Normative Analysis Program (GNAP) has been developed to allow maximum flexibility in the evaluation of chemical data by the occasional computer user. GNAP calculates ClPW norms, Thornton and Tuttle's differentiation index, Barth's cations, Niggli values and values for variables defined by the user. Calculated values can be displayed graphically in X-Y plots or ternary diagrams. Plotting can be done on a line printer or Calcomp plotter with either weight percent or mole percent data. Modifications in the original program give the user some control over normative calculations for each sample. The number of user-defined variables that can be created from the data has been increased from ten to fifteen. Plotting and calculations can be based on the original data, data adjusted to sum to 100 percent, or data adjusted to sum to 100 percent without water. Analyses for which norms were previously not computable are now computed with footnotes that show excesses or deficiencies in oxides (or volatiles) not accounted for by the norm. This report contains a listing of the computer program, an explanation of the use of the program, and the two sample problems.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr791237","usgsCitation":"Stuckless, J., and VanTrump, G., 1979, A revised version of Graphic Normative Analysis Program (GNAP) with examples of petrologic problem solving: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1237, 115 p. :ill. ;29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791237.","productDescription":"115 p. :ill. ;29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1237/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39185,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1237/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab87b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckless, J. S.","contributorId":6060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"VanTrump, G.","contributorId":95869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanTrump","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":40426,"text":"ofr7966 - 1979 - Coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the southwest quarter of North Star School 15' quadrangle, Campbell County, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-08T21:33:44.218364","indexId":"ofr7966","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-66","title":"Coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the southwest quarter of North Star School 15' quadrangle, Campbell County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"A study of the water resources of the Port Gamble Indian Reservation, Wash., has shown that there is probably a substantial quantity of good quality ground and surface water available to provide for further development of the reservation. Groundwater supplies are available from an artesian aquifer underlying the reservation near sea level. This aquifer is estimated to be capable of supplying at least 90 gallons per minute, continuously, without greatly increasing chances for seawater intrusion. This quantity of water is enough to supply about 800 to 900 additional residents on the reservation. Another artesian aquifer, relatively unexplored, was noted underlying the previously mentioned artesian aquifer. This lower aquifer may be capable of supplying additional groundwater for use on the reservation. Groundwater quality was found to be good for most uses, being moderately hard and having moderately high iron concentrations. No evidence of pollution of the groundwater was found during this study from either seawater intrusion or contamination from a nearby solid-waste disposal site. Surface-water resources studied on the reservation included two streams, Middle and Little Boston Creeks, whose 7-day low flows were estimated to be 0.4 and 0.2 cubic foot per second, respectively, for a 20-year estimated recurrence interval. The surface-water quality was also found to be good for most uses and was within the limits established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for untreated drinking water. Thus, the water from these two streams, Middle and Little Boston Creeks, could be used as domestic supplies to supplement the groundwater withdrawals. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7966","usgsCitation":"IntraSearch Inc., 1979, Coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the southwest quarter of North Star School 15' quadrangle, Campbell County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-66, Report: 26 p.; 40 Plates: 28.94 × 23.53 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7966.","productDescription":"Report: 26 p.; 40 Plates: 28.94 × 23.53 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":74504,"rank":420,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0066/plate-21.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":74503,"rank":419,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0066/plate-20.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":391489,"rank":43,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Campbell County","otherGeospatial":"North Star School 15' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.75,\n 43.75\n ],\n [\n -105.625,\n 43.75\n ],\n [\n -105.625,\n 43.875\n ],\n [\n -105.75,\n 43.875\n ],\n [\n -105.75,\n 43.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af61f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"IntraSearch Inc.","contributorId":128289,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"IntraSearch Inc.","id":530214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48465,"text":"ofr79921 - 1979 - Preconstruction and postconstruction ground-water levels, Lock and Dam 4, Red River Valley, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-12T15:55:18","indexId":"ofr79921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-921","title":"Preconstruction and postconstruction ground-water levels, Lock and Dam 4, Red River Valley, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Proposed construction of a series of locks and dams in the Red River in Louisiana will cause a permanent increase in average river stage. The potentiometric surface of the shallow alluvial aquifer and the water table in the fine-grained material confining the aquifer will be affected. The purpose of this study, using digital-modeling techniques, was to predict the average postconstruction potentiometric surface (steady state) and the water table (nonsteady state) so that potential effects of the water-level changes could be evaluated. Plans for lock and dam 4 at realined mile 154 (kilometer 250) above the mouth of the Red River call for a pool elevation of 115 feet (35 meters) and will cause an average increase in river stage ranging from 24 to 4.5 feet (7 to 1.4 meters). As a result, ground-water levels will be raised 1 foot (0.3 meter) or more between the Red River and Bayou Pierre from the dam to Coushatta , and below Campti, east of the river. The potentiometric surface may be at or near land surface in low areas between the Red River and Bayou Pierre, and above land surface locally upstream from the dam. The magnitude of ground-water-level fluctuations near the river will be reduced to less than half the present range.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Barton Rouge, LA","doi":"10.3133/ofr79921","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Soil Conservation Service","usgsCitation":"Ludwig, A.H., and Reed, J., 1979, Preconstruction and postconstruction ground-water levels, Lock and Dam 4, Red River Valley, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-921, Report: v, 22 p.; 6 Plates: 39.49 x 39.10 inches and smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79921.","productDescription":"Report: v, 22 p.; 6 Plates: 39.49 x 39.10 inches and smaller","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0921/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":279434,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0921/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":279435,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0921/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":279436,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0921/plate-3.pdf"},{"id":279437,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0921/plate-4.pdf"},{"id":279438,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0921/plate-5.pdf"},{"id":279439,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0921/plate-6.pdf"},{"id":275875,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0921/report.pdf"}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Red River Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.666667,31.75 ], [ -93.666667,32.25 ], [ -93.0,32.25 ], [ -93.0,31.75 ], [ -93.666667,31.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67ca75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludwig, A. H.","contributorId":63007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":237578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, J.E.","contributorId":41801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":237577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":7107,"text":"ofr791186 - 1979 - Earliest Phanerozoic or latest Proterozoic fossils from the Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-29T14:50:47.840737","indexId":"ofr791186","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1186","title":"Earliest Phanerozoic or latest Proterozoic fossils from the Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"We report here the first biologically definable fossils from pre-Saq (pre-Middle Cambrian) rocks of the Arabian Shield. They include the distinctive helically coiled tubular filaments of the oscillatorialean blue-green alga Obruchevella parva as well as two size classes of spheroidal unicells of uncertain affinity. Also present is the conical stromatolite Conophyton and unidentified stromatolites. All occur in cherty limestones of the Jubaylah group, northern Saudi Arabia, a non-marine to locally marine taphrogeosynclinal sequence that fills depressions along the northwest-trending Najd faults.
Conophyton has heretofore been found only in strata older than about 680 m.y. (except for puzzling records in modern hot springs) while Obruchevella is so far known only from rocks between about 680 and 470 m.y. old. Thus it appears that the Jubaylah group is close to the Proterozoic-Phanerozoic transition. The simple spheroidal nannofossils are not diagnostic as to age. Their relationships within what appears to be early diagenetic chert suggest a classical algal-mat association. The brecciated and micro-channeled appearance of much of the fossiliferous rock, its locally dolomitic nature, and the prevalence of cryptalgalaminate favor a very shallow, locally turbulent, and perhaps episodically exposed marine or marginal marine setting.
The Jubaylah group lies unconformably beneath the Siq Sandstone (basal member of the Saq Sandstone) of medial Cambrian age, rests nonconformably on crystalline basement, and has yielded a K-Ar whole-rock age (on andesitic basalt) of ~540 m.y. To judge from the fossils, however, that age may be as much as 100 m.y. or more too young.
Channel-routing models were used to route hypothetical releases from reservoirs in the upper Tioga River basin, Pennsylvania. These releases were routed northward down the Tioga River to Lindley, Erwins, and Corning, New York: combined with flows routed down the Cohocton River from Campbell to Corning, New York; and then routed southeastward down the Chemung River from Corning to Chemung, New York. The models used to route the flows of Cohocton and Chemung Rivers accounted for bank-storage discharge and streamflow depletion by well pumpage. In general, 17 water years of concurrent streamflow data were available for model calibration and verification.
\nThree hypothetical reservoir releases were made from the reservoirs and routed to Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, using the models developed in this study and models developed downstream to Wilkes-Barre in a previous study. A hypothetical makeup water requirement of 65 cubic feet per second was assumed. Two historical low-flow periods were investigated. The first hypothetical release investigated was a constant 100 cubic feet per second, and the second release was a constant 70 cubic feet per second. The third scheme was a hypothetical release of 100 cubic feet per second for three days followed by a constant 70 cubic feet per second for the duration of the period considered. Constant 100 cubic feet per second releases arrived downstream more quickly than constant 70 cubic feet per second releases for both test periods, but delivered more water than required to satisfy the assumed makeup requirement. The third release scheme was generally the most efficient of the three schemes tested.
\nAlthough inherent modeling errors exist in all the simulated data, the accuracy of the estimated routed reservoir releases at the downstream sites is considered good.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7985","usgsCitation":"Armbruster, J.T., 1979, Flow routing in the Susquehanna River Basin: Part III -- Routing reservoir releases in the Tioga and Chemung rivers system, Pennsylvania, and New York, 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-85, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7985.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri7985.jpg"},{"id":310279,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0085/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Chemung River, Tioga River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.5030517578125,\n 41.176586696571015\n ],\n [\n -77.5030517578125,\n 42.374778361114195\n ],\n [\n -75.74523925781249,\n 42.374778361114195\n ],\n [\n -75.74523925781249,\n 41.176586696571015\n ],\n [\n -77.5030517578125,\n 41.176586696571015\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e488de4b07f02db51dabb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armbruster, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":37707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10283,"text":"ofr791569 - 1979 - Investigations needed to stimulate the development of Jordan's mineral resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-23T15:50:06","indexId":"ofr791569","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1569","title":"Investigations needed to stimulate the development of Jordan's mineral resources","docAbstract":"The level of living that any society can attain is a direct function of the use it makes of all kinds of raw materials (soil, water, metals, nonmetals, etc.), all kinds of energy (both animate and inanimate), and all kinds of human ingenuity; and is an inverse function of the size of the population that must share the collective product. The relation between raw materials, energy and ingenuity is such that use of a large amount of one may offset the need for large amounts of others. The most vital raw materials are water, soil, and construction materials, for these are needed in large quantities and are hard to import. Metals, chemicals, and inanimate energy are necessary for industrialization. The more of these minerals a nation possess, the better, but not nation can hope to be self-sufficient in all of the m and therefore must trade for some essential materials.
\nJordan’s natural resources have been little explored. The grantitc-metamorphic terrane in the southeastern part of the Kingdom could contain deposits of tungsten, rare earths, feldspar, mica, fluorite etc. and the sedimentary terrane over much of the rest of the county is favorable for the occurrence of oil. Even if none of these minerals is found, however, Jordan’s other mineral resource, if fully explored and developed in the light of modern technology, will support a far higher level of living than her people now enjoy. Very likely she can increase her rainfall by about 10 percent by cloud seeding, and she undeveloped supplies in both surface and ground water that are sufficient to nearly double her usable water supply. Even if she does not have oil or have it in large quantities, she can buy it cheaply from neighboring counties, and in addition has undeveloped sources of hydroelectric power, large reserves of bituminous limestone, large reserves of nuclear power as uranium in phosphate rock, and can use solar and wind power for special purposes. Her large supplies of construction, fertilizer, and other chemical raw materials will not only satisfy her own needs, but will yield both raw materials and some manufactured products for export. And she has valuable resource of touristic interest in the form of incomparable scenery, antiquities, and holy places, which, if properly advertised, could well become her largest single source of foreign currency. Revenues obtained from this source and from the export of agricultural products, nonmetallic minerals, and mineral products should support foreign oil purchase of oil, machinery, and other products not mined or produced internally.
\nFull development of Jordan’s economic potential will take years to achieve and involves many complex activities. One of the most essential is one that can be pressed in the early years, namely the gathering of facts and basic data concerning the character, extent, and distribution of her resources, and the uses that can be made of them. Without each fundamental data or the understanding of their meaning or the ways to use and apply them, costly developmental projects and similar efforts to raise the level of living are likely to have limited success at best.
\nBasic data and mineral resources are best gathered and published by permanent government agencies, for private organizations and individual cannot afford to take the risks involved in gathering data that may not have an immediate economic return; and even if private parties do collect such data they are not likely to make them general available.
\nOf the activities needed in the field of mineral resources, some are already underway as the established function of government agencies. No bureau however, seems to have responsibility for making geologic maps and for gathering data on such things as steam flow, composition and properties of minerals and rocks, or for investigating the uses to which Jordan’s minerals might be put. To satisfy these needs, a Geological Survey and a Bureau of Mineral Industries should be formed and placed in operation as quickly as possible.
\nThe task of collecting and interpreting basic data or mineral resources must be done largely by Jordanians, for only in this way will Jordan acquire the technical competence needed to use the information. Few Jordanians have enough training or experience to work independently in these fields now, however, so help from outside technicians would be necessary over an initial training period of several years. But the number of outside technicians should never exceed the number of Jordanian technicians, and for this reason, neither organization could have a staff of more than a few people during the early years of operation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791569","collaboration":"Prepared under the auspices of the Government of Jordan and the International Cooperation Administration U.S. Department of State","usgsCitation":"McKelvey, V., 1979, Investigations needed to stimulate the development of Jordan's mineral resources: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1569, Report: iii, 164 p.; 1 Plate: 10.46 x 5.13 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791569.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 164 p.; 1 Plate: 10.46 x 5.13 inches","numberOfPages":"173","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1569/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":275694,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1569/report.pdf"},{"id":275695,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1569/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"Jordan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 34.9583,29.185 ], [ 34.9583,33.3747 ], [ 39.3012,33.3747 ], [ 39.3012,29.185 ], [ 34.9583,29.185 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667597","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKelvey, V.E.","contributorId":85161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKelvey","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19630,"text":"ofr79335 - 1979 - Hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-17T19:52:43.185867","indexId":"ofr79335","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-335","title":"Hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1977","docAbstract":"The U.S. Soil Conservation Service is actively engaged in the installation of flood- and soil-erosion reducing structures in Texas under the authority of \"The Flood Control Act of 1936 and 1944\" and \"Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act\" (Public Law 566), as amended. The Soil Conservation Service has found that approximately 3,500 floodwaterretarding structures would be physically and economically feasible in Texas. As of September 30, 1977, 1,695 (corrected figure) of these structures had been built.
This watershed-development program will have varying but important effects on surface- and ground-water resources of river basins, especially where a large number of the floodwater-retarding structures are built. Basic hydrologic data under natural and developed conditions are needed to appraise the effects of the structures on the yield and mode of occurrence of runoff.
During the period 1951-62, the U.S. Geological Survey began hydrologic investigations in 12 small watersheds (fig. 1). As of Sept. 30, 1977, data collection in eleven of these study areas has been completed and is now in progress in one area. This study is being made in cooperation with the Texas Department of Water Resources, the Soil Conservation Service, the San Antonio River Authority, the city of Dallas, and the Tarrant County Control and Improvement District No. 1. The 12 study areas were chosen to sample watersheds having different rainfall, topography, geology, and soils. In five of the study areas (North, Little Elm, Mukewater, Little Pond-North Elm, and Pin Oak Creeks), streamflow and rainfall records were collected prior to construction of the floodwater-retarding structures, thus affording the opportunity for analyses of the conditions \"before and after\" development. A summary of the development of the floodwater-retarding structures in each study area as of Sept. 30, 1977, is shown in table 1.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79335","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Tarrant County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1, the Soil Conservation Service, and the Texas Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Kidwell, C., 1979, Hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-335, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79335.","productDescription":"39 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389445,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0335/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0335/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"North Creek, Trinity River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.42033386230469,\n 33.16801930648876\n ],\n [\n -98.250732421875,\n 33.16801930648876\n ],\n [\n -98.250732421875,\n 33.28519397154413\n ],\n [\n -98.42033386230469,\n 33.28519397154413\n ],\n [\n -98.42033386230469,\n 33.16801930648876\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ed61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kidwell, C.C.","contributorId":54998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kidwell","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":8750,"text":"ofr79592 - 1979 - A single-degree-of-freedom model for non-linear soil amplification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:59","indexId":"ofr79592","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-592","title":"A single-degree-of-freedom model for non-linear soil amplification","docAbstract":"For proper understanding of soil behavior during earthquakes and assessment of a realistic surface motion, studies of the large-strain dynamic response of non-linear hysteretic soil systems are indispensable. Most of the presently available studies are based on the assumption that the response of a soil deposit is mainly due to the upward propagation of horizontally polarized shear waves from the underlying bedrock. Equivalent-linear procedures, currently in common use in non-linear soil response analysis, provide a simple approach and have been favorably compared with the actual recorded motions in some particular cases. Strain compatibility in these equivalent-linear approaches is maintained by selecting values of shear moduli and damping ratios in accordance with the average soil strains, in an iterative manner. Truly non-linear constitutive models with complete strain compatibility have also been employed. The equivalent-linear approaches often raise some doubt as to the reliability of their results concerning the system response in high frequency regions. In these frequency regions the equivalent-linear methods may underestimate the surface motion by as much as a factor of two or more. Although studies are complete in their methods of analysis, they inevitably provide applications pertaining only to a few specific soil systems, and do not lead to general conclusions about soil behavior. This report attempts to provide a general picture of the soil response through the use of a single-degree-of-freedom non-linear-hysteretic model. Although the investigation is based on a specific type of nonlinearity and a set of dynamic soil properties, the method described does not limit itself to these assumptions and is equally applicable to other types of nonlinearity and soil parameters.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr79592","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Institute of the Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey","usgsCitation":"Erdik, M.O., 1979, A single-degree-of-freedom model for non-linear soil amplification: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-592, i, 35 p.; Tables; Figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79592.","productDescription":"i, 35 p.; Tables; Figures","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":379,"text":"Menlo Park Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_79_592.gif"},{"id":110892,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0592/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a644b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erdik, Mustafa Ozder","contributorId":41577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdik","given":"Mustafa","email":"","middleInitial":"Ozder","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10593,"text":"ofr79840 - 1979 - Palladium, platinum, and rhodium concentrations in mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Kizildag and Guleman areas, Turkey, and the Faryab and Esfandagheh-Abdasht areas, Iran","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-13T15:48:30.315389","indexId":"ofr79840","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-840","title":"Palladium, platinum, and rhodium concentrations in mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Kizildag and Guleman areas, Turkey, and the Faryab and Esfandagheh-Abdasht areas, Iran","docAbstract":"The Kizildag and Guleman areas, Turkey, and the Faryab and Esfandagheh-Abdasht areas, Iran, have produced chromite from ophiolite complexes consisting of harzburgite tectonite, dunite tectonite containing chromitite, pyroxenite, wehrlite, and gabbro. Forty-six samples from these complexes were analyzed in order to investigate the possibility of platinum-group metals being present that could be produced as byproducts. The results, however, indicate concentrations of palladium, platinum, and rhodium ranging up to 46 ppb (parts per billion), 55 ppb, and 24 ppb, respectively. The concentration levels and ratios of these metals are similar to other alpine ultramafic bodies that have been analyzed by modern analytical techniques. Ten samples from massive sulfide deposits in the Gunes and Ergani-Maden areas, Turkey, and the Sheikh Ali mine, Iran, were analyzed also. The results of the analysis suggests a low potential for byproduct palladium, platinum, and rhodium production in these ophiolite-associated massive sulfide deposits.
The four ultramafic and mafic areas in Turkey and Iran under consideration have, and are, producing in 1978 chromite from podiform chromitites in alpine-type complexes. Because of the known association of chromitites and platinum-group metals, a collection of chromitites was made to check their palladium, platinum, and rhodium content to determine if economic concentrations might exist. Also, inasmuch as such rocks are thought to represent parts of the oceanic crust and upper mantle, data on platinum-group elements from these rocks can provide information to design geochemical models for the distribution of these elements. During the field excursions of the CENTO Working Group on Volcanic and Intrusive Rocks and Their Associated Ore Deposits, the Kizildag and Gunes areas, Turkey, were sampled in 1974 and the Guleman area, Turkey; Faryab and Esfandagheh-Abdasht areas, Iran, were sampled in 1975. In addition, samples of massive sulfide ores from the Ergani-Maden area, Turkey, were also collected for analysis, and the results included here.
In this report the geologic framework of these areas is briefly examined as a background for interpreting the concentrations of palladium, platinum, and rhodium in the chromitites and ultramafic and mafic rocks. Comparisons of these analyses with analyses from other areas containing similar rocks show few differences in concentration or proportions of these three platinum-group metals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79840","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Agency for International Development, U.S. Department of State","usgsCitation":"Page, N.J., Engin, T., and Haffty, J., 1979, Palladium, platinum, and rhodium concentrations in mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Kizildag and Guleman areas, Turkey, and the Faryab and Esfandagheh-Abdasht areas, Iran: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-840, ii, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79840.","productDescription":"ii, 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403631,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0840/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0840/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iran, Turkey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 42.626953125,\n 36.80928470205937\n ],\n [\n 46.845703125,\n 36.80928470205937\n ],\n [\n 46.845703125,\n 40.17887331434696\n ],\n [\n 42.626953125,\n 40.17887331434696\n ],\n [\n 42.626953125,\n 36.80928470205937\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689ac9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, Norman J.","contributorId":46492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engin, Tandogan","contributorId":21959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engin","given":"Tandogan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haffty, Joseph","contributorId":79450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haffty","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":9294,"text":"ofr791687 - 1979 - Texas Instruments Model 59 hand-calculator program to calculate gravity anomaly over 2-D prisms of as much as 18 vertices","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9294,"text":"ofr791687 - 1979 - Texas Instruments Model 59 hand-calculator program to calculate gravity anomaly over 2-D prisms of as much as 18 vertices","indexId":"ofr791687","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Texas Instruments Model 59 hand-calculator program to calculate gravity anomaly over 2-D prisms of as much as 18 vertices"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047793,"text":"70047793 - 1981 - Gravity: 2-D anomaly","indexId":"70047793","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Gravity: 2-D anomaly"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70047793,"text":"70047793 - 1981 - Gravity: 2-D anomaly","indexId":"70047793","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Gravity: 2-D anomaly"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T11:41:22","indexId":"ofr791687","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1687","title":"Texas Instruments Model 59 hand-calculator program to calculate gravity anomaly over 2-D prisms of as much as 18 vertices","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr791687","usgsCitation":"Haines, D.N., and Campbell, D.L., 1979, Texas Instruments Model 59 hand-calculator program to calculate gravity anomaly over 2-D prisms of as much as 18 vertices: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1687, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791687.","productDescription":"9 p.","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":363253,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1687/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1687/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683e05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, Donald N.","contributorId":31765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, David L.","contributorId":95447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9596,"text":"ofr791280 - 1979 - Results of transient simulations of a digital model of the Arikaree Aquifer near Wheatland, southeastern Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:14","indexId":"ofr791280","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1280","title":"Results of transient simulations of a digital model of the Arikaree Aquifer near Wheatland, southeastern Wyoming","docAbstract":"Revised ground-water pumpage data have been imposed on a ground-water flow model previously developed for the Arikaree aquifer in a 400 square-mile area in central Platte County, Wyo. Maximum permitted annual ground-water withdrawals of 750 acre-feet for industrial use were combined with three irrigation-pumping scenarios to predict the long-term effects on ground-water levels and streamflows. Total annual ground-water withdrawals of 8,806 acre-feet, 8,033 acre-feet, and 5,045 acre-feet were predicted to produce average water-level declines of 5 feet or more over areas of 99, 96, and 68 square miles, respectively, at the end of a 40-year simulation period. The first two pumping scenarios were predicted to produce average drawdowns of more than 50 feet over areas of 1.5 and 0.8 square miles, respectively, while the third scenario resulted in average drawdowns of less than 50 feet throughout the study area. In addition, these three pumping scenarios were predicted to cause streamflow reductions of 2.6, 2.0, and 1.4 cubic feet per second, respectively, in the Laramie River and 4.9, 4.7, and 3.7 cubic feet per second, respectively, in the North Laramie River at the end of the 40-year simulation period. (Kosco-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S .Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr791280","isbn":"pbk","usgsCitation":"Hoxie, D.T., 1979, Results of transient simulations of a digital model of the Arikaree Aquifer near Wheatland, southeastern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1280, v, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791280.","productDescription":"v, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1280/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":37325,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1280/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605546","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoxie, Dwight T.","contributorId":77531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoxie","given":"Dwight","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":61113,"text":"mf1136 - 1979 - Faults in parts of north-central and western Houston metropolitan area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T17:21:16","indexId":"mf1136","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1136","title":"Faults in parts of north-central and western Houston metropolitan area, Texas","docAbstract":"Hundreds of residential, commercial, and industrial structures in the Houston metropolitan area have sustained moderate to severe damage owing to their locations on or near active faults. Paved roads have been offset by faults at hundreds of locations, butted pipelines have been distorted by fault movements, and fault-induced gradient changes in drainage lines have raised concern among flood control engineers. Over 150 faults, many of them moving at rates of 0.5 to 2 cm/yr, have been mapped in the Houston area; the number of faults probably far exceeds this figure.
This report includes a map of eight faults, in north-central and western Houston, at a scale useful for land-use planning. Seven of the faults, are known, to be active and have caused considerable damage to structures built on or near them. If the eighth fault is active, it may be of concern to new developments on the west side of Houston. A ninth feature shown on the map is regarded only as a possible fault, as an origin by faulting has not been firmly established.
Seismic and drill-hold data for some 40 faults, studied in detail by various investigators have verified connections between scarps at the land surface and growth faults in the shallow subsurface. Some scarps, then, are known to be the surface manifestations of faults that have geologically long histories of movement. The degree to which natural geologic processes contribute to current fault movement, however, is unclear, for some of man’s activities may play a role in faulting as well.
Evidence that current rates of fault movement far exceed average prehistoric rates and that most offset of the land surface in the Houston area has occurred only within the last 50 years indirectly suggest that fluid withdrawal may be accelerating or reinitiating movement on pre-existing faults. This conclusion, however, is based only on a coincidence in time between increased fault activity and increased rates of withdrawal of water, oil, and gas from subsurface sediments; no cause-and-effect relationship has been demonstrated. An alternative hypothesis is that natural fault movements are characterized by short—term episodicity and that Houston is experiencing the effects of a brief period of accelerated natural fault movement. Available data from monitored faults are insufficient to weigh the relative importance of natural vs. induced fault movements.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/mf1136","usgsCitation":"Verbeek, E.R., Ratzlaff, K.W., and Clanton, U.S., 1979, Faults in parts of north-central and western Houston metropolitan area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1136, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1136.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":187172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6030,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/mf1136/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":105508,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6522.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"6522"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.61749999999999,29.666666666666668 ], [ -95.61749999999999,29.700833333333332 ], [ -95.41666666666667,29.700833333333332 ], [ -95.41666666666667,29.666666666666668 ], [ -95.61749999999999,29.666666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688d4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verbeek, Earl R.","contributorId":64222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verbeek","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratzlaff, Karl W.","contributorId":99177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratzlaff","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clanton, Uel S.","contributorId":21821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clanton","given":"Uel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":9295,"text":"ofr791620 - 1979 - Texas Instruments Model 59 hand-calculator program to calculate magnetic anomaly over 2-D prisms of up to 12 vertices","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9295,"text":"ofr791620 - 1979 - Texas Instruments Model 59 hand-calculator program to calculate magnetic anomaly over 2-D prisms of up to 12 vertices","indexId":"ofr791620","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Texas Instruments Model 59 hand-calculator program to calculate magnetic anomaly over 2-D prisms of up to 12 vertices"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047794,"text":"70047794 - 1981 - Magnetics: 2-D anomaly","indexId":"70047794","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Magnetics: 2-D anomaly"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70047794,"text":"70047794 - 1981 - Magnetics: 2-D anomaly","indexId":"70047794","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Magnetics: 2-D anomaly"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-24T11:52:17","indexId":"ofr791620","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1620","title":"Texas Instruments Model 59 hand-calculator program to calculate magnetic anomaly over 2-D prisms of up to 12 vertices","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr791620","usgsCitation":"Haines, D.N., and Campbell, D.L., 1979, Texas Instruments Model 59 hand-calculator program to calculate magnetic anomaly over 2-D prisms of up to 12 vertices: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1620, 13 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791620.","productDescription":"13 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":367670,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1620/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1620/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683e73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, Donald N.","contributorId":31765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, David L.","contributorId":95447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}