The Texas Water Plan (Texas Water Development Board, 1968) proposed development and utilization of water resources in Texas and included a provision for the use and preservation of water in the estuaries of the State. Management of estuarine waters requires knowledge of the hydrodynamics and of the continuing changes in the chemical and physical characteristics of water in the estuaries.
\nIn September 1967, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Texas Department of Water Resources began a cooperative water-resources data-collection program of the principal estuaries along the Texas coast except for the Rio Grande estuary, which is under the jurisdiction of the International Boundary and Water Commission, United States and Mexico.
\nThe data-collection program for the first 11 years were published in 9 separate publications by the Texas Department of Water Resources. This report is the final publication for the project which ended in September 1983, and contains the data collected for the last 5 years (October 1978-September 1983). Approximately 243 data-collect!*on sites were visited during the 1979-83 water years.
\nThe properties or constituents measured in the field were dissolved oxygen (DO), specific conductance, temperature, pH, and transparency by Secchi disk. Analyses conducted in the laboratory included the principal inorganic ions, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total organic carbon (TOC), ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphate, insecticides and herbicides, and other selected metals such as aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, iron, lead, lithium, manganese, mercury, nichol, strontium, and zinc.
\nStreamfl ow-measuring sites are used to monitor both the amount and quality of water that enter the estuarine embayments. The farthest downstream sites available are located many miles upstream from the estuaries because of the effect of changes in water stage in the estuaries. Consequently, there is inflow into the bays below these sites that can and do affect the amount and quality of water entering the estuaries.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/ofr85408","usgsCitation":"Fisher, J., and Grozier, R., 1985, Chemical and physical characteristics of water in estuaries of Texas; October 1978-September 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-408, iv, 243 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85408.","productDescription":"iv, 243 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":42124,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0408/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0408/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e480a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, J.C.","contributorId":99974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grozier, R.U.","contributorId":105704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grozier","given":"R.U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":13855,"text":"ofr85172 - 1985 - Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Austin, Texas, metropolitan area, 1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T10:54:41","indexId":"ofr85172","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-172","title":"Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Austin, Texas, metropolitan area, 1983","docAbstract":"Hydrologic investigations of urban watersheds in Texas were begun by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1954. Studies are now in progress in Austin, and Houston. Studies have been completed in the Dallas, Fort Worth, and San Antonio areas.
\nThe Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Texas Department of Water Reources, began hydrologic studies in the Austin urban area in 1954. In cooperation with the city of Austin, the program was expanded in 1975 to include additional streamflow and rainfall gaging stations, and the collection of surface water-quality data. In 1978, the program was expanded to include a ground-water resources study of the South Austin metropolitan area in the Balcones Fault Zone.
\nThe objectives of the Austin urban hydrology study are as follows:
\nThis report presents the basic hydrologic data collected in the Austin urban area for the 1983 water year (Oct. 1, 1982 to Sept. 30, 1983).
\nAdditional explanations of terms related to streamflow, water quality, and other hydrologic data used in this report are defined in the U.S. Geological Survey annual report Water Resources Data for Texas, TX-83-3, 1983.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/ofr85172","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Austin and the Texas Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Gordon, J., Pate, D., and Dorsey, M., 1985, Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Austin, Texas, metropolitan area, 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-172, 154 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85172.","productDescription":"154 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":144386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0172/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42460,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0172/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.70 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Austin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.09280395507812,\n 29.991812888666043\n ],\n [\n -97.38006591796874,\n 29.991812888666043\n ],\n [\n -97.38006591796874,\n 30.615459280672667\n ],\n [\n -98.09280395507812,\n 30.615459280672667\n ],\n [\n -98.09280395507812,\n 29.991812888666043\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db608199","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gordon, J.D.","contributorId":26684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pate, D.L.","contributorId":87145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pate","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorsey, M.E.","contributorId":73997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorsey","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":13582,"text":"ofr85417 - 1985 - Ground-water quality data for Oklahoma; 1982-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:52","indexId":"ofr85417","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-417","title":"Ground-water quality data for Oklahoma; 1982-84","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has collected data on Oklahoma's ground-water resources since 1934. Most of these data were collected as part of specific ground-water studies conducted in cooperation with various federal, state, and local agencies. Ground-water quality data, as well as data on construction, yield, water levels, and other physical well parameters collected prior to 1982 are available from the U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma District Office.\r\nAlthough water-quality data for wells, test holes, and springs have been published, they are scattered through a variety of reports and are not readily available on a statewide basis. The purpose of this report is to make available all of the ground-water quality data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Sate of Oklahoma. This report contains 412 ground-water quality analyses since 1982 from 341 sites in 25 counties.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr85417","usgsCitation":"Ferree, D.M., 1985, Ground-water quality data for Oklahoma; 1982-84: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-417, iv, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85417.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0417/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42097,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0417/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66735a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferree, D. M.","contributorId":53423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferree","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14668,"text":"ofr85161 - 1985 - Streamflow and suspended-sediment discharge from two small watersheds in southwestern Wyoming and northeastern Utah, 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:06","indexId":"ofr85161","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-161","title":"Streamflow and suspended-sediment discharge from two small watersheds in southwestern Wyoming and northeastern Utah, 1984","docAbstract":"Accelerated erosion due to mineral exploration and production in southwestern Wyoming has caused concern that the streams will transport excess sediment in these areas. Two adjacent drainage basins with different levels of development were studied to determine the effects of minerals development on water quality. A high level of minerals development was occurring in the Thief Creek drainage basin; little or no development was occurring in the Chicken Creek drainage basin. Streamflow, suspended sediment , water temperature, and specific conductance data were collected at each creek from May through September, 1984. Water samples were analyzed for common characteristics and constituents, and for trace metals, iron, and manganese. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85161","usgsCitation":"Lenfest, L., and Ringen, B.H., 1985, Streamflow and suspended-sediment discharge from two small watersheds in southwestern Wyoming and northeastern Utah, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-161, iv, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85161.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0161/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43380,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0161/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4ee6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lenfest, L.W. Jr.","contributorId":54604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenfest","given":"L.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ringen, B. H.","contributorId":13987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringen","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":13723,"text":"ofr85411 - 1985 - Data collection for a time-of-travel and dispersion study on the Coosa River near Childersburg, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-01T21:36:20.393","indexId":"ofr85411","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-411","title":"Data collection for a time-of-travel and dispersion study on the Coosa River near Childersburg, Alabama","docAbstract":"Approximately 2,300 dye-tracer samples were collected and analyzed during a 5-day time-of-travel study on a 23-mile reach of the Coosa River between Logan Martin and Lay dams near Childersburg, Alabama, October 27 to 31, 1984. Rhodamine WT was used as the tracer-dye. Unsteady flow conditions prevailed in the study reach. The rate of movement of the dye cloud between sampling cross sections ranged from 0.15 to 1.36 feet per second. The average rate of movement of the dye cloud between the injection cross section and the downstream sampling cross section was 0.42 foot per second.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr85411","usgsCitation":"Gardner, R.A., 1985, Data collection for a time-of-travel and dispersion study on the Coosa River near Childersburg, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-411, iv, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85411.","productDescription":"iv, 61 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":409957,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75803.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":42292,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0411/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0411/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","city":"Childersburg","otherGeospatial":"Coosa River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.5083,\n 33.4183\n ],\n [\n -86.5083,\n 33.1764\n ],\n [\n -86.333,\n 33.1764\n ],\n [\n -86.333,\n 33.4183\n ],\n [\n -86.5083,\n 33.4183\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c980","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, R. A.","contributorId":51754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12094,"text":"ofr85331 - 1985 - Ground-water data for Georgia, 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-04T20:53:11.631017","indexId":"ofr85331","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-331","title":"Ground-water data for Georgia, 1984","docAbstract":"Continuous water-level records from 155 wells and more than 800 water-level measurements made in Georgia during 1984 provide the basic data for this report. Selected wells illustrate the effects that changes in recharge and pumping have had on the various ground-water resources in the State. Daily mean water levels are shown in hydrographs for 1984. Monthly means are shown for the 10-year period 1975-84. Mean annual water levels ranged from 7 feet lower to 7 feet higher in 1984 than in 1983. Water-quality samples are collected periodically throughout Georgia and analyzed as part of a real and regional ground-water studies. Along the coast, chloride concentrations in the Floridan aquifer system generally remained steady. 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cfab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clarke, J.S.","contributorId":89526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longsworth, S.A.","contributorId":47784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longsworth","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McFadden, K.W.","contributorId":22766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFadden","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peck, M.F.","contributorId":93049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":16080,"text":"ofr85189 - 1985 - Selected hydrologic data from a wastewater spray disposal site on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T14:09:09","indexId":"ofr85189","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-189","title":"Selected hydrologic data from a wastewater spray disposal site on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina","docAbstract":"This study presents data collected during a study of the effects on the water table aquifer from wastewater application at rates of up to 5 inches per week on a wastewater spray disposal site on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina. The study was conducted from April 1982 through December 1983. The disposal site covers approximately 14 acres. Water level and water quality data from organic, inorganic, and nutrient analyses from the water table aquifer to a depth of 30 ft and similar water quality data from the wastewater treatment plant are included. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85189","usgsCitation":"Speiran, G., and Belval, D., 1985, Selected hydrologic data from a wastewater spray disposal site on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-189, v, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85189.","productDescription":"v, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":150331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0189/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45012,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0189/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Hilton Head Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.94932556152344,\n 32.01273389791075\n ],\n [\n -80.94932556152344,\n 32.34574191355548\n ],\n [\n -80.57441711425781,\n 32.34574191355548\n ],\n [\n -80.57441711425781,\n 32.01273389791075\n ],\n [\n -80.94932556152344,\n 32.01273389791075\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8977","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Speiran, G. K.","contributorId":83534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speiran","given":"G. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belval, D.L.","contributorId":52186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belval","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":13900,"text":"ofr85562 - 1985 - Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Wyoming; fiscal year 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:44","indexId":"ofr85562","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-562","title":"Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Wyoming; fiscal year 1985","docAbstract":"This report contains lists and location maps of streamflow and reservoir stations, water quality stations, sediment stations, and groundwater observation wells where data are currently being collected. Water resources appraisal projects in Wyoming are described, including many that are related to development of energy resources. The general locations of most projects are shown on maps. The U.S. Geological Survey is striving to coordinate its water resources activities with those of other agencies. This report is one phase of that coordination effort, and serves as an annual progress report to cooperators and the public. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85562","usgsCitation":"Green, S.L., 1985, Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Wyoming; fiscal year 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-562, vi, 109 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85562.","productDescription":"vi, 109 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0562/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42538,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0562/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4f37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, S. L. (compiler)","contributorId":26682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"S.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11291,"text":"ofr85214 - 1985 - Geologic data report on the Black Butte hydrofrac hole, western San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:26","indexId":"ofr85214","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-214","title":"Geologic data report on the Black Butte hydrofrac hole, western San Bernardino County, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85214","usgsCitation":"Springer, J., and Myren, G., 1985, Geologic data report on the Black Butte hydrofrac hole, western San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-214, 28 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85214.","productDescription":"28 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0214/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39091,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0214/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6403","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Springer, J.E.","contributorId":21551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Springer","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Myren, G.D.","contributorId":46947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myren","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":15743,"text":"ofr85349 - 1985 - Data uses and funding of the streamflow-gaging program in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:29:08","indexId":"ofr85349","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-349","title":"Data uses and funding of the streamflow-gaging program in North Dakota","docAbstract":"This report documents the uses, funding, and availability of the streamflow data currently collected in North Dakota. Presently (1984), 94 streamflow-gag ing stations are operated in North Dakota on a budget of $663,000. Station type, data uses, and funding sources are identified for each of the 94 stations. Data from all stations have multiple uses. All stations have sufficient justification for continuation, but five stations primarily are used in short-term research studies. Those five stations are scheduled to be discontinued at the end of the 1985 water year.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr85349","usgsCitation":"Ryan, G.L., 1985, Data uses and funding of the streamflow-gaging program in North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-349, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85349.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":44760,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0349/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0349/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8d89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryan, Gerald L.","contributorId":43417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29563,"text":"wri854211 - 1985 - Trend analysis of weekly acid rain data, 1978-83","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-09T09:39:52","indexId":"wri854211","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4211","title":"Trend analysis of weekly acid rain data, 1978-83","docAbstract":"There are 19 stations in the National Atmospheric Deposition Program which operated over the period 1978-83 and were subsequently incorporated into the National Trends Network in 1983. The precipitation chemistry data for these stations for this period were analyzed for trend, spatial correlation, seasonality, and relationship to precipitation volume. The intent of the analysis was to provide insights on the sources of variation in precipitation chemistry and to attempt to ascertain what statistical procedures may be most useful for ongoing analysis of the National Trends Network data. The Seasonal Kendall test was used for detection of trends in raw concentrations of dissolved constituents, pH and specific conductance, and residuals of these parameters from regression analysis. Forty-one percent of the trends detected in the raw concentrations were downtrends, 4 percent were uptrends, and 55 percent showed no trends at a = 0.2. At a more restrictive significance level of a = 0.05, 24 percent of the trends detected were downtrends, 2 percent were uptrends, and 74 percent showed no trends. The two constituents of greatest interest in terms of human generated emissions and environmental effects, sulfate and nitrate, showed only downtrends, and sulfate showed the largest decreases in concentration per year of all the ions tested.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri854211","usgsCitation":"Schertz, T.L., and Hirsch, R.M., 1985, Trend analysis of weekly acid rain data, 1978-83: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4211, iv, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854211.","productDescription":"iv, 64 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58391,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4211/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4211/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626748","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schertz, Terry L. tschertz@usgs.gov","contributorId":188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schertz","given":"Terry","email":"tschertz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26914,"text":"wri854205 - 1985 - Effects of surface coal mining and reclamation on ground water in small watersheds in the Allegheny Plateau, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:23","indexId":"wri854205","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4205","title":"Effects of surface coal mining and reclamation on ground water in small watersheds in the Allegheny Plateau, Ohio","docAbstract":"The hydrologic effects of surface coal mining in unlimited areas is difficult to predict, partly because of a lack of adequate data collected before and after mining and reclamation. In order to help provide data to assess the effects of surface mining on the hydrology of small basins in the coal fields of the eastern United States, the U.S. Bureau of Mines sponsored a comprehensive hydrologic study at three sites in the Ohio part of the Eastern Coal Province. These sites are within the unqlaciated part of the Allegheny Plateau, and are representative of similar coal-producing areas in Kentucky, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania. The U.S. Geological Survey was responsible for the ground-water phase of the study.\r\n\r\nThe aquifer system at each watershed consisted of two localized perched aquifers (top and middle) above a deeper, more regional aquifer. The premining top aquifer was destroyed by mining in each case, and was replaced by spoils during reclamation.\r\n\r\nThe spoils formed new top aquifers that were slowly becoming resaturated at the end of the study period. Water levels in the aquifers were about the same after reclamation as before mining, although levels rose in a few places. It appears that the underclay at the base of the new top aquifers at all three sites prevents significant downward leakage from the top aquifers to lower except in places where the layer may have been damaged during mining.\r\n\r\nWater in the top aquifers is a calcium sulfate type, whereas calcium bicarbonate type water predominated before mining. The median specific conductance of water in the new top aquifers was about 5 times greater than that of the original top aquifers in two of the watersheds, and 1 1/2 times the level of the original top aquifers in the third. Concentrations of dissolved sulfate, iron, and manganese in the top aquifers before mining generally did not exceed U.S. and Ohio Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water limits, but generally exceeded these limits after reclamation. Water-quality changes in the middle aquifers were minor by comparison. Water levels and water quality in the deeper, regional aquifers were unaffected by mining.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854205","usgsCitation":"Eberle, M., and Razem, A., 1985, Effects of surface coal mining and reclamation on ground water in small watersheds in the Allegheny Plateau, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4205, iv, 13 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854205.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4205/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55796,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4205/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c90a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberle, Michael","contributorId":39770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberle","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Razem, A. C.","contributorId":34924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Razem","given":"A. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27664,"text":"wri854044 - 1985 - Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:36","indexId":"wri854044","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4044","title":"Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Louisiana","docAbstract":"This report documents the results of a study of the cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Louisiana. Data uses and funding sources were identified for the 68 continuous-record stream gages currently (1984) in operation with a budget of $408,700. Three stream gages have uses specific to a short-term study with no need for continued data collection beyond the study. The remaining 65 stations should be maintained in the program for the foreseeable future. In addition to the current operation of continuous-record stations, a number of wells, flood-profile gages, crest-stage gages, and stage stations, are serviced on the continuous-record station routes; thus, increasing the current budget to $423,000. The average standard error of estimate for data collected at the stations is 34.6%. Standard errors computed in this study are one measure of streamflow errors, and can be used as guidelines in comparing the effectiveness of alternative networks. By using the routes and number of measurements prescribed by the ' Traveling Hydrographer Program, ' the standard error could be reduced to 31.5% with the current budget of $423,000. If the gaging resources are redistributed, the 34.6% overall level of accuracy at the 68 continuous-record sites and the servicing of the additional wells or gages could be maintained with a budget of approximately $410,000. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854044","usgsCitation":"Herbert, R., and Carlson, D., 1985, Cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4044, v, 59 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854044.","productDescription":"v, 59 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4044/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56517,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4044/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683330","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herbert, R.A.","contributorId":59449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, D.D.","contributorId":10816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26157,"text":"wri854217 - 1985 - Analyses of flood-flow frequency for selected gaging stations in South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:34","indexId":"wri854217","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4217","title":"Analyses of flood-flow frequency for selected gaging stations in South Dakota","docAbstract":"Analyses of flood flow frequency were made for 111 continuous-record gaging stations in South Dakota with 10 or more years of record. The analyses were developed using the log-Pearson Type III procedure recommended by the U.S. Water Resources Council. The procedure characterizes flood occurrence at a single site as a sequence of annual peak flows. The magnitudes of the annual peak flows are assumed to be independent random variables following a log-Pearson Type III probability distribution, which defines the probability that any single annual peak flow will exceed a specified discharge. By considering only annual peak flows, the flood-frequency analysis becomes the estimation of the log-Pearson annual-probability curve using the record of annual peak flows at the site. The recorded data are divided into two classes: systematic and historic. The systematic record includes all annual peak flows determined in the process of conducting a systematic gaging program at a site. In this program, the annual peak flow is determined for each and every year of the program. The systematic record is intended to constitute an unbiased and representative sample of the population of all possible annual peak flows at the site. In contrast to the systematic record, the historic record consists of annual peak flows that would not have been determined except for evidence indicating their unusual magnitude. Flood information acquired from historical sources almost invariably refers to floods of noteworthy, and hence extraordinary, size. Although historic records form a biased and unrepresentative sample, they can be used to supplement the systematic record. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854217","usgsCitation":"Benson, R., Hoffman, E., and Wipf, V., 1985, Analyses of flood-flow frequency for selected gaging stations in South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4217, vii, 202 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854217.","productDescription":"vii, 202 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4217/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54951,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4217/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad1e4b07f02db680da8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, R.D.","contributorId":23955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, E.B.","contributorId":47379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wipf, V.J.","contributorId":26725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipf","given":"V.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28179,"text":"wri844324 - 1985 - Hydrology of Fritchie Marsh, coastal Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri844324","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4324","title":"Hydrology of Fritchie Marsh, coastal Louisiana","docAbstract":"Fritchie Marsh, near Slidell, Louisiana, is being considered as a disposal site for sewage effluent. A two-dimensional, finite element, surface water modeling systems was used to solve the shallow water equations for flow. Factors affecting flow patterns are channel locations, inlets, outlets, islands, marsh vegetation, marsh geometry, stage of the West Pearl River, flooding over the lower Pearl River basin, gravity tides, wind-induced currents, and sewage discharge to the marsh. Four steady-state simulations were performed for two hydrologic events at two rates of sewage discharge. The events, near tide with no wind or rain and neap tide with a tide differential across the marsh, were selected as worst-case events for sewage effluent dispersion and were assumed as steady state events. Because inflows and outflows to the marsh are tidally affected, steady state simulations cannot fully define the hydraulic characteristics of the marsh for all hydrologic events. Model results and field data indicate that, during near tide with little or no rain, large parts of the marsh are stagnant; and sewage effluent, at existing and projected flows, has minimal effect on marsh flows. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844324","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E., 1985, Hydrology of Fritchie Marsh, coastal Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4324, iv, 23 p. :ill., maps (one col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844324.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p. :ill., maps (one col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4324/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57012,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4324/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57013,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4324/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57014,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4324/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57015,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4324/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604935","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuniansky, E. L.","contributorId":82342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29296,"text":"wri834216 - 1985 - Calculating sediment discharge from a highway construction site in central Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-20T08:04:10","indexId":"wri834216","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4216","title":"Calculating sediment discharge from a highway construction site in central Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, the Federal Highway Administration, and the U.S. Geological Survey have cooperated in a study to evaluate two methods of predicting sediment yields during highway construction. \r\n\r\n Sediment yields were calculated using the Universal Soil Loss and the Younkin Sediment Prediction Equations. Results were compared to the actual measured values, and standard errors and coefficients of correlation were calculated. Sediment discharge from the construction area was determined for storms that occurred during construction of Interstate 81 in a 0.38-square mile basin near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Precipitation data tabulated included total rainfall, maximum 30-minute rainfall, kinetic energy, and the erosive index of the precipitation. Highway construction data tabulated included the area disturbed by clearing and grubbing, the area in cuts and fills, the average depths of cuts and fills, the area seeded and mulched, and the area paved. \r\n\r\n Using the Universal Soil Loss Equation, sediment discharge from the construction area was calculated for storms. The standard error of estimate was 0.40 (about 105 percent), and the coefficient of correlation was 0.79. Sediment discharge from the construction area was also calculated using the Younkin Equation. The standard error of estimate of 0.42 (about 110 percent), and the coefficient of correlation of 0.77 are comparable to those from the Universal Soil Loss Equation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834216","usgsCitation":"Reed, L., Ward, J.R., and Wetzel, K.L., 1985, Calculating sediment discharge from a highway construction site in central Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4216, iii, 12 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834216.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4216/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58138,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4216/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa37b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, L.A.","contributorId":14454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, J. R.","contributorId":18015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetzel, K. L.","contributorId":14418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28500,"text":"wri834259 - 1985 - Test wells in central Washington, 1977 to 1979: Description and results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-23T21:46:44.397776","indexId":"wri834259","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4259","title":"Test wells in central Washington, 1977 to 1979: Description and results","docAbstract":"During the period October 1977-March 1979, four wells were added to a network of wells in central Washington State to provide information on potential sources of ground-water supplies from aquifers in the Columbia River Basalt Group and supplemental ground-water data for water-management purposes where they cannot be obtained by other means. Two were drilled in the Yakima River canyon between Ellensburg and Yakima--one to 602 feet in the Burbank Creek valley and the other to 1,019 feet near the mouth of Umtanum Creek. A third well was drilled to 725 feet in the Badger Pocket area of the Ellensburg-Kittitas valley. A test well near George, Washington, was deepened from 975 to 1,610 feet and three piezometers were installed in this interval. The Burbank Creek, Umtanum Creek, and George test wells are completed in basalts and associated interflow zones of the Yakima Basalt Subgroup of the Columbia River Basalt Group. The Badger Pocket well penetrated more than 725 feet of unconsolidated materials without reaching the basalt. Specific capacities of the Umtanum Creek and George wells after 20 hours of pumping were 190 and 160 to 190 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown, respectively. Specific capacity of the Burbank Creek well after flowing for 24 hours was 32.5 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown. The Badger Pocket well was not tested for water yield. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834259","usgsCitation":"Lum, W., and Cline, D., 1985, Test wells in central Washington, 1977 to 1979: Description and results: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4259, vi, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834259.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57302,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4259/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":393390,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35887.htm"},{"id":159654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4259/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.5,\n 46.667\n ],\n [\n -119.6,\n 46.667\n ],\n [\n -119.6,\n 47.25\n ],\n [\n -120.5,\n 47.25\n ],\n [\n -120.5,\n 46.667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c1d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lum, W. E.","contributorId":57847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lum","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cline, D.R.","contributorId":45655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cline","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29810,"text":"wri844246 - 1985 - Estimated public-water supply and industrial-commercial ground-water withdrawals and returns in Nassau County, Long Island, New York, 1973-79","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T19:24:53.819799","indexId":"wri844246","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4246","title":"Estimated public-water supply and industrial-commercial ground-water withdrawals and returns in Nassau County, Long Island, New York, 1973-79","docAbstract":"Nassau County, New York depends upon ground water for its freshwater supply. The primary water uses are for public-water supply and industrial-commercial purposes, which together accounted for 202 Mgal/d (million gallons per day) in 1975. Public-water suppliers withdrew 85 percent of their water from the Magothy Formation. About 133 Mgal/d was returned to the ground after use in 1975, and about 69; Mgal/d was discharged to tidewater. In addition, about 34 Mgal/d infiltrated into sewerlines in 1975 and was also discharged to tidewater. Because of the importance of this freshwater supply, the New York State Department of Environmental conservation reviews applications for the installation of wells and compiles data on pumpage throughout Long Island. It also reviews applications to discharge wastewater into the surface water and ground water of the State. This report summarizes the data filed with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation for Nassau County during 1973-79. It presents data and estimates on withdrawals for public and industrial-commercial supply, returns to the ground, and discharges through sewer systems. It also includes information on population and land use.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844246","usgsCitation":"Snavely, D.S., and Williams, J., 1985, Estimated public-water supply and industrial-commercial ground-water withdrawals and returns in Nassau County, Long Island, New York, 1973-79: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4246, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844246.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411727,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36095.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58611,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4246/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123976,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4246/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.783,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -73.783,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -73.433,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -73.433,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -73.783,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a0ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snavely, D. S.","contributorId":103692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snavely","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, J. F.","contributorId":20754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26511,"text":"wri854003 - 1985 - Transit losses and traveltimes for reservoir releases during drought conditions along the Neosho River from Council Grove Lake to Iola, east-central Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-02T21:23:29.205216","indexId":"wri854003","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4003","title":"Transit losses and traveltimes for reservoir releases during drought conditions along the Neosho River from Council Grove Lake to Iola, east-central Kansas","docAbstract":"Knowledge of the transit losses and water-wave traveltimes in the Neosho River for varying reservoir-release volumes and durations is necessary for proper management of water supply. Two reaches were studied along the Neosho River in east-central Kansas. The upper reach is from Council Grove Lake to John Redmond Reservoir, a distance of 83.0 river miles. The lower reach is from John Redmond Reservoir to Iola, Kansas, a distance of 56.3 river miles. Channel and aquifer characteristics were estimated from available data and used in a streamflow routing model. These estimated characteristics were verified using the model by comparing simulated reservoir releases to observed reservoir releases. The verified model then was used to simulate transit losses (or gains) and traveltimes for selected reservoir release volumes and durations from Council Grove Lake to Iola. Transit losses and traveltimes were investigated for the selected reservoir releases while under a severe drought antecedent streamflow condition (zero base flow) and a less severe drought antecedent streamflow condition (2% drought base flows). The largest total transit loss from Council Grove Lake to Iola occurred during the severe drought antecedent streamflow condition, small reservoir release rates, and long reservoir release durations. The total transit loss included water that was temporarily lost to bank storage. For a severe drought condition, transit losses ranged from 1,100 acre-ft for a release volume of 1,840 acre-ft for a duration of 50 days to 6 ,280 acre-ft for a release volume of 6,280 acre-ft for a duration of 365 days. For a less severe drought condition, transit losses ranged from 860 acre-ft to 3,234 acre-ft for the same release volumes and durations as for the severe drought condition. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854003","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., and Hart, R.J., 1985, Transit losses and traveltimes for reservoir releases during drought conditions along the Neosho River from Council Grove Lake to Iola, east-central Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4003, vi, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854003.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391291,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36202.htm"},{"id":55381,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4003/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","city":"Iola","otherGeospatial":"Council Grove Lake, Neosho River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.5,\n 37.829\n ],\n [\n -95.383,\n 37.829\n ],\n [\n -95.383,\n 38.705\n ],\n [\n -96.5,\n 38.705\n ],\n [\n -96.5,\n 37.829\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0b38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, W. J.","contributorId":71213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, R. J.","contributorId":62607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27739,"text":"wri854293 - 1985 - Cost effectiveness of stream-gaging program in Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:44:09","indexId":"wri854293","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4293","title":"Cost effectiveness of stream-gaging program in Michigan","docAbstract":"This report documents the results of a study of the cost effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in Michigan. Data uses and funding sources were identified for the 129 continuous gaging stations being operated in Michigan as of 1984. One gaging station was identified as having insufficient reason to continue its operation. Several stations were identified for reactivation, should funds become available, because of insufficiencies in the data network.
Alternative methods of developing streamflow information based on routing and regression analyses were investigated for 10 stations. However, no station records were reproduced with sufficient accuracy to replace conventional gaging practices. A cost-effectiveness analysis of the data-collection procedure for the ice-free season was conducted using a Kalman-filter analysis. To define missing-record characteristics, cross-correlation coefficients and coefficients of variation were computed at stations on the basis of daily mean discharge. Discharge-measurement data were used to describe the gage/discharge rating stability at each station.
The results of the cost-effectiveness analysis for a 9-month ice-free season show that the current policy of visiting most stations on a fixed servicing schedule once every 6 weeks results in an average standard error of 12.1 percent for the current $718,100 budget. By adopting a flexible servicing schedule, the average standard error could be reduced to 11.1 percent. Alternatively, the budget could be reduced to $700,200 while maintaining the current level of accuracy. A minimum budget of $680,200 is needed to operate the 129-gaging-station program; a budget less than this would not permit proper service and maintenance of stations. At the minimum budget, the average standard error would be 14.4 percent. A budget of $789,900 (the maximum analyzed) would result in a decrease in the average standard error to 9.07 percent.
Owing to continual changes in the composition of the network and the changes in the uncertainties of streamflow accuracy at individual stations, the cost-effectiveness analysis will need to be updated regularly if it is to be used as a management tool. Cost of these updates need to be considered in decisions concerning the feasibility of flexible servicing schedules.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri854293","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D., 1985, Cost effectiveness of stream-gaging program in Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4293, v, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854293.","productDescription":"v, 72 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56585,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4293/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4293/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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