{"pageNumber":"1559","pageRowStart":"38950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":1001423,"text":"1001423 - 1979 - Estimating nest success: The Mayfield method and an alternative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T12:42:32","indexId":"1001423","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating nest success: The Mayfield method and an alternative","docAbstract":"Mayfield's method for calculating the success of a group of nests is examined in detail. The standard error of his estimator is developed. Mayfield's assumption that destroyed nests are at risk until the midpoint of the interval between visits leads to bias if nests are visited infrequently. A remedy is suggested, the Mayfield-40% method. I also present a competing model, which recognizes that the actual destruction date of a failed nest is unknown. Estimated daily mortality rates and standard errors are developed under this model. A comparison of the original Mayfield method, the Mayfield-40% method, and the new method, which incorporates an unknown date of destruction, shows that the original or modified Mayfield method performs nearly as well as the more appropriate method and requires far easier calculations. A technique for statistically comparing daily mortality rates is offered; the one proposed by Dow (1978) is claimed to be misleading. Finally, I give a method for detecting heterogeneity among nests and an improved estimator, if it is found.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., 1979, Estimating nest success: The Mayfield method and an alternative: The Auk, v. 96, no. 4, p. 651-661.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"651","endPage":"661","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341286,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4085651"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db64869e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1013590,"text":"1013590 - 1979 - The immune response of rainbow trout in a standardized environment: a model for vaccine antigenicity tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:05","indexId":"1013590","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1647,"text":"Fish Health News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The immune response of rainbow trout in a standardized environment: a model for vaccine antigenicity tests","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish Health News","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"352/FH","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D.P., Dixon, O., and Roberson, B., 1979, The immune response of rainbow trout in a standardized environment: a model for vaccine antigenicity tests: Fish Health News, v. 8, no. 2, p. iv-v.","productDescription":"p. iv-v","startPage":"iv","endPage":"v","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a86e4b07f02db64d8fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, D. P.","contributorId":32469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dixon, O.L.","contributorId":87499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"O.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberson, B.S.","contributorId":103986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberson","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2000109,"text":"2000109 - 1979 - Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-21T14:30:38","indexId":"2000109","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"79/31","title":"Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States","docAbstract":"This classification, to be used in a new inventory of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States, is intended to describe ecological taxa, arrange them in a system useful to resource managers, furnish units for mapping, and provide uniformity of concepts and terms. Wetlands are defined by plants (hydrophytes), soils (hydric soils), and frequency of flooding. Ecologically related areas of deep water, traditionally not considered wetlands, are included in the classification as deepwater habitats.Systems form the highest level of the classification hierarchy; five are defined--Marine, Estuarine, Riverine, Lacustrine, and Palustrine. Marine and Estuarine systems each have two subsystems, Subtidal and Intertidal; the Riverine system has four subsystems, Tidal, Lower Perennial, Upper Perennial, and Intermittent; the Lacustrine has two, Littoral and Limnetic; and the Palustrine has no subsystem.Within the subsystems, classes are based on substrate material and flooding regime, or on vegetative life form. The same classes may appear under one or more of the systems or subsystems. Six classes are based on substrate and flooding regime: (1) Rock Bottom with a substrate of bedrock, boulders, or stones; (2) Unconsolidated Bottom with a substrate of cobbles, gravel, sand, mud, or organic material; (3) Rocky Shore with the same substrate as Rock Bottom; (4) Unconsolidated Shore with the same substrate as Unconsolidated Bottom; (5) Streambed with any of the substrates; and (6) Reef with a substrate composed of the living and dead remains of invertebrates (corals, mollusks, or worms). The bottom classes, (1) and (2) above, are flooded all or most of the time and the shore classes, (3) and (4), are exposed most of the time. The class Streambed is restricted to channels of intermittent streams and tidal channels that are dewatered at low tide. The life form of the dominant vegetation defines the five classes based on vegetative form: (1) Aquatic Bed, dominated by plants that grow principally on or below the surface of the water; (2) Moss-Lichen Wetland, dominated by mosses or lichens; (3) Emergent Wetland, dominated by emergent herbaceous angiosperms; (4) Scrub-Shrub Wetland, dominated by shrubs or small trees; and (5) Forested Wetland, dominated by large trees.The dominance type, which is named for the dominant plant or animal forms, is the lowest level of the classification hierarchy. Only examples are provided for this level; dominance types must be developed by individual users of the classification.Modifying terms applied to the classes or subclasses are essential for use of the system. In tidal areas, the type and duration of flooding are described by four water regime modifiers: subtidal, irregularly exposed, regularly flooded, and irregularly flooded. In nontidal areas, six regimes are used: permanently flooded, intermittently exposed, semipermanently flooded, seasonally flooded, saturated, temporarily flooded, intermittently flooded, and artificially flooded. A hierarchical system of water chemistry modifiers, adapted from the Venice System, is used to describe the salinity of the water. Fresh waters are further divided on the basis of pH. Use of a hierarchical system of soil modifiers taken directly from U.S. soil taxonomy is also required. Special modifiers are used where appropriate: excavated, impounded, diked, partly drained, farmed, and artificial.Regional differences important to wetland ecology are described through a regionalization that combines a system developed for inland areas by R. G. Bailey in 1976 with our Marine and Estuarine provinces.The structure of the classification allows it to be used at any of several hierarchical levels. Special data required for detailed application of the system are frequently unavailable, and thus data gathering may be prerequisite to classification. Development of rules by the user will be required for specific map scales. Dominance types and relationships of plant and animal co","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Cowardin, L., Carter, V., Golet, F., and LaRoe, E., 1979, Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States: FWS/OBS 79/31, 103 p.","productDescription":"103 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11908,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Documents/Classification-of-Wetlands-and-Deepwater-Habitats-of-the-United-States.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672b8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, V.","contributorId":61115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golet, F.C.","contributorId":32124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golet","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaRoe, E.T.","contributorId":103766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012478,"text":"70012478 - 1979 - Chemical composition of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-14T15:49:02.625004","indexId":"70012478","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical composition of Mars","docAbstract":"

The composition of Mars has been calculated from the cosmochemical model of Ganapathy and Anders (1974) which assumes that planets and chondrites underwent the same 4 fractionation processes in the solar nebula. Because elements of similar volatility stay together in these processes, only 4 index elements (U, Fe, K and Tl or Ar36) are needed to calculate the abundances of all 83 elements in the planet. The values chosen are U = 28 ppb, K = 62 ppm (based on KU= 2200\">KU= 2200 from orbital γ-spectrometry and on thermal history calculations by Toksöz and Hsui (1978) Fe = 26.72% (from geophysical data), and Tl = 0.14 ppb (from the Ar36 and Ar40 abundances measured by Viking).

The mantle of Mars is an iron-rich [Mg/(Mg + Fe) = 0.77] garnet wehrlite (ρ = 3.52−3.54 g/cm3), similar to McGetchin and Smyth's (1978) estimate but containing more Ca and Al. It is nearly identical to the bulk Moon composition of Morgan et al. (1978b). The core makes up 0.19 of the planet and contains 3.5% S—much less than estimated by other models. Volatiles have nearly Moon-like abundances, being depleted relative to the Earth by factors of 0.36 (K-group, Tcond = 600–1300 K) or 0.029 (Tl group, Tcond < 600 K). The water abundance corresponds to a 9 m layer, but could be higher by as much as a factor of 11.

Comparison of model compositions for 5 differentiated planets (Earth, Venus, Mars, Moon, and eucrite parent body) suggests that volatile depletion correlates mainly with size rather than with radial distance from the Sun. However, the relatively high volatile content of shergottites and some chondrites shows that the correlation is not simple; other factors must also be involved.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(79)90180-7","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Morgan, J.W., and Anders, E., 1979, Chemical composition of Mars: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 43, no. 10, p. 1601-1610, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(79)90180-7.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1601","endPage":"1610","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222019,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"43","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f562e4b0c8380cd4c1d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, J. W.","contributorId":92384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anders, E.","contributorId":64803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012439,"text":"70012439 - 1979 - Solubility of some alkali and alkaline earth chlorides in water at moderate temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-07T16:47:47.170023","indexId":"70012439","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2209,"text":"Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solubility of some alkali and alkaline earth chlorides in water at moderate temperatures","docAbstract":"Solubilities for the binary systems, salt-H2O, of the chlorides of lithium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium from near 0??C to the saturated boiling point are reported. The experimental data and coefficients of an equation for a smoothed curve describing each system are listed in the tables. The data are improvements on those previously reported in the literature, having a precision on the average of ??0.09%.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/je60083a019","issn":"00219568","usgsCitation":"Clynne, M., and Potter, R., 1979, Solubility of some alkali and alkaline earth chlorides in water at moderate temperatures: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, v. 24, no. 4, p. 338-340, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60083a019.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"338","endPage":"340","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222306,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9247e4b08c986b319de5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Potter, R.W. II","contributorId":16857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"R.W.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012237,"text":"70012237 - 1979 - Regional and local networks of horizontal control, Cerro Prieto geothermal area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T14:07:18","indexId":"70012237","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional and local networks of horizontal control, Cerro Prieto geothermal area","docAbstract":"The Cerro Prieto geothermal area in the Mexicali Valley 30 km southeast of Mexicali, Baja California, is probably deforming due to (1) the extraction of large volumes of steam and hot water, and (2) active tectonism. Two networks of precise horizontal control were established in Mexicali Valley by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1977 - 1978 to measure both types of movement as they occur. These networks consisted of (1) a regional trilateration net brought into the mountain ranges west of the geothermal area from survey stations on an existing U.S. Geological Survey crustal-strain network north of the international border, and (2) a local net tied to stations in the regional net and encompassing the area of present and planned geothermal production. Survey lines in this net were selected to span areas of probable ground-surface movements in and around the geothermal area. Electronic distance measuring (EDM) instruments, operating with a modulated laser beam, were used to measure the distances between stations in both networks. The regional net was run using a highly precise long-range EDM instrument, helicopters for transportation of men and equipment to inaccessible stations on mountain peaks, and a fixed wing airplane flying along the line of sight. Precision of measurements with this complex long-range system approached 0-2 ppm of line length. The local net was measured with a medium-range EDM instrument requiring minimal ancillary equipment. Precision of measurements with this less complex system approached 3 ppm for the shorter line lengths. The detection and analysis of ground-surface movements resulting from tectonic strains or induced by geothermal fluid withdrawal is dependent on subsequent resurveys of these networks. ?? 1979.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(79)90052-X","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Massey, B., 1979, Regional and local networks of horizontal control, Cerro Prieto geothermal area: Geothermics, v. 8, no. 3-4, p. 275-281, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(79)90052-X.","startPage":"275","endPage":"281","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268144,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(79)90052-X"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a4a2e4b0e8fec6cdbbd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Massey, B.L.","contributorId":27611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massey","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012295,"text":"70012295 - 1979 - Random crustal magnetization and its effect on coherence of short-wavelength marine magnetic anomalies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-15T00:42:08.405048","indexId":"70012295","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Random crustal magnetization and its effect on coherence of short-wavelength marine magnetic anomalies","docAbstract":"

Recent studies of DSDP samples from layer 2A of oceanic basement have found complex magnetic stratigraphies that seem incompatible with the frequent existence of linear short-wavelength anomalies caused by palaeomagnetic field behavior. Statistical models are developed for the lateral variation of the average magnetization of layer 2A: a Poisson series for reversals of the earth's field and a stairstep random series for discrete magnetic units. It is shown with the power-density spectra of these statistical models that lateral inhomogeneities must average out over distances of less than a few hundred meters. Specifically, individual magnetic units of the type seen at DSDP Site 332 cannot extend uniformly for distances greater than a few hundred meters.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(79)90064-5","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Blakely, R., 1979, Random crustal magnetization and its effect on coherence of short-wavelength marine magnetic anomalies: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 46, no. 1, p. 43-48, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(79)90064-5.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222648,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9492e4b0c8380cd814ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012304,"text":"70012304 - 1979 - An evaluation of the zircon method of isotopic dating in the Southern Arabian Craton","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":7126,"text":"ofr791187 - 1979 - An evaluation of the zircon method of isotopic dating in the southern Arabian Craton, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","indexId":"ofr791187","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"An evaluation of the zircon method of isotopic dating in the southern Arabian Craton, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70012304,"text":"70012304 - 1979 - An evaluation of the zircon method of isotopic dating in the Southern Arabian Craton","indexId":"70012304","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"An evaluation of the zircon method of isotopic dating in the Southern Arabian Craton"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-28T11:21:51","indexId":"70012304","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of the zircon method of isotopic dating in the Southern Arabian Craton","docAbstract":"A zircon study has been made on eleven samples of igneous rocks from the Saudi Arabian Craton. Ages of sized and magnetic fractions of zircon concentrates show variable degrees of discordance which seem to result from a very young disturbance that produces linear arrays in the Concordia plot. Model age calculations based on a statistically and geologically reasonable lower intercept produce very consistent internal relationships. The Pan African Orogeny, considered to be responsible for loss of radiogenic argon and strontium from minerals of many rocks, does not appear to have affected the zircon data, even though uplift had exposed the rocks of the Arabian Shield at that time. Tonalite, granodiorite, and crosscutting leucoadamellite bodies in the southern part of the An Nimas Bathylith yield ages in the time range 820-760 Ma. A narrow time range of 660 to 665 million years was indicated for ages of widely separated and compositionally different intrusive bodies all to the east of the An Nimas Bathylith. This work suggests that the younger end of the age spectrum established from regional K-Ar and Rb-Sr measurements may be underestimated, and that magmatic activity could be more episodic than previously assumed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01164527","issn":"00107990","usgsCitation":"Cooper, J., Stacey, J.S., Stoeser, D., and Fleck, R., 1979, An evaluation of the zircon method of isotopic dating in the Southern Arabian Craton: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 68, no. 4, p. 429-439, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01164527.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"429","endPage":"439","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205143,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01164527"},{"id":221815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arabian Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 34.53,11.8 ], [ 34.53,32.15 ], [ 60.3,32.15 ], [ 60.3,11.8 ], [ 34.53,11.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea5be4b0c8380cd487e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooper, J.A.","contributorId":57005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stacey, J. S.","contributorId":72785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stoeser, D.G.","contributorId":86108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeser","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleck, R.J.","contributorId":25147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012411,"text":"70012411 - 1979 - Surface faults in the gulf coastal plain between Victoria and Beaumont, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T15:14:48","indexId":"70012411","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface faults in the gulf coastal plain between Victoria and Beaumont, Texas","docAbstract":"

Displacement of the land surface by faulting is widespread in the Houston-Galveston region, an area which has undergone moderate to severe land subsidence associated with fluid withdrawal (principally water, and to a lesser extent, oil and gas). A causative link between subsidence and fluid extraction has been convincingly reported in the published literature. However, the degree to which fluid withdrawal affects fault movement in the Texas Gulf Coast, and the mechanism(s) by which this occurs are as yet unclear.

Faults that offset the ground surface are not confined to the large (>6000-km2) subsidence “bowl” centered on Houston, but rather are common and characteristic features of Gulf Coast geology. Current observations and conclusions concerning surface faults mapped in a 35,000-km2 area between Victoria and Beaumont, Texas (which area includes the Houston subsidence bowl) may be summarized as follows:

(1) Hundreds of faults cutting the Pleistocene and Holocene sediments exposed in the coastal plain have been mapped. Many faults lie well outside the Houston-Galveston region; of these, more than 10% are active, as shown by such features as displaced, fractured, and patched road surfaces, structural failure of buildings astride faults, and deformed railroad tracks. 

(2) Complex patterns of surface faults are common above salt domes. Both radial patterns (for example, in High Island, Blue Ridge, Clam Lake, and Clinton domes) and crestal grabens (for example, in the South Houston and Friendswood-Webster domes) have been recognized. Elongate grabens connecting several known and suspected salt domes, such as the fault zone connecting Mykawa, Friendswood-Webster, and Clear Lake domes, suggest fault development above rising salt ridges.

(3) Surface faults associated with salt domes tend to be short (<5 km in length), numerous, curved in map view, and of diverse trend. Intersecting faults are common. In contrast, surface faults in areas unaffected by salt diapirism are frequently mappable for appreciable distances (>10 km), occur singly or in simple grabens, have gently sinuous traces, and tend to lie roughly parallel to the ENE-NE “coastwise” trend common to regional growth faults identified in subsurface Tertiary sediments. 

(4) Evidence to support the thesis that surface scarps are the shallow expression of faults extending downward into the Tertiary section is mostly indirect, but nonetheless reasonably convincing. Certainly the patterns of crestal grabens and radiating faults mapped on the surface above salt domes are more than happenstance; analogous fault patterns have been documented around these structures at depth. Similarly, some of the long surface faults not associated with salt domes seem to have subsurface counterparts among known regional growth faults documented through well logs and seismic data. Correlations between surface scarps and faults offsetting subsurface data are not conclusive because of the large vertical distances (1900- 3800 m) involved in making the most of the inferred connections. Nevertheless, the large number of successful correlations - in trend, movement sense, and position - suggests that many surface scarps represent merely the most recent displacements on faults formed during the Tertiary.

(5) Upstream-facing fault scarps in this region of low relief can be significant impediments to streams. Locally, both abandoned, mud-filled Pleistocene distributary channels and, more commonly, Holocene drainage lines still occupied by perennial streams reflect the influence of faulting on their development. Some bend sharply near faults and have tended to flow along or pond against the base of scarps; others meander within topographically expressed grabens. Such evidence for Quaternary displacement of the ground surface is widespread in the Texas Gulf coast. In the general, however, streams in areas now offset by faulting show no disruption of their courses where they cross fault scarps. Such scarps are probably very young, and where they can be demonstrated to partly or wholly predate fluid withdrawal, very recent natural fault activity is indicated. 

(6) Early aerial photographs (1930) of the entire region and topographic maps (1915-16 surveys) of Harris County (Houston and vicinity) show that many faults had already displaced the land surface at a time when appreciable pressure declines in subjacent strata were localized to relatively few areas of large-scale pumping. Prehistoric faulting of the land surface, as noted above, appears to have affected much of the Texas Gulf Coast.

(7) A relation between groundwater extraction and current motion on active faults is suspected because of the increased incidence of ground failure in the Houston-Galveston subsidence bowl. This argument is weakened somewhat by recognition of numerous surface faults, some of them active today, far beyond the periphery of the strongly subsiding area. Moreover, tilt beam records from two monitored faults in northwest Houston and accounts of fault damage from local residents demonstrate a complex, episodic nature of fault creep which can only partially be correlated with groundwater production. Nevertheless, although specific mechanisms are in doubt, the extraction of groundwater from shallow (<800-m) sands is probably a major factor in contributing to current displacement of the ground surface in the Houston-Galveston region. Within this large area, the number of faults recognizable from aerial photographs has increased at least tenfold between 1930 and 1970. Elsewhere in the Texas Gulf Coast only a moderate increase has been noted, some of which is possibly attributable to oil and gas production. Surface fault density in the Houston-Galveston region is far greater than in any other area of the Texas Gulf Coast investigated to date. A plausible explanation for these differences is that large overdrafts of groundwater over an extended period of time in the Houston-Galveston region have stimulated fault activity there. Throughout the Texas Gulf Coast, however, a natural contribution to fault motion remains a distinct possibility.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(79)90248-8","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Verbeek, E.R., 1979, Surface faults in the gulf coastal plain between Victoria and Beaumont, Texas: Tectonophysics, v. 52, no. 1-4, p. 373-375, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(79)90248-8.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"375","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.30639648437499,\n 32.045332838858506\n ],\n [\n -98.646240234375,\n 30.90222470517144\n ],\n [\n -96.56982421875,\n 28.168875180063345\n ],\n [\n -93.61450195312499,\n 29.6880527498568\n ],\n [\n -95.30639648437499,\n 32.045332838858506\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9face4b08c986b31e785","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verbeek, Earl R.","contributorId":64222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verbeek","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012413,"text":"70012413 - 1979 - U-Th-Pb geochronology of the Massabesic Gneiss and the granite near Milford, South-Central New Hampshire: New evidence for avalonian basement and taconic and alleghenian disturbances in Eastern New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:08","indexId":"70012413","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U-Th-Pb geochronology of the Massabesic Gneiss and the granite near Milford, South-Central New Hampshire: New evidence for avalonian basement and taconic and alleghenian disturbances in Eastern New England","docAbstract":"U-Th-Pb systematics for zircon and monazite from Massabesic Gneiss (paragneiss and orthogneiss) and the granite near Milford, New Hampshire, were determined. Zircon morphology suggests that the paragneiss may be volcaniclastic (igneous) in origin, and thus the age data probably record the date (minimum of 646 m.y.) at which the rock was extruded. A two-stage lead-loss model is proposed to explain the present array of data points on a concordia diagram. Orthogneiss ages range only narrowly and are clustered around 475 m.y. Data for the granite of Milford, New Hampshire, are scattered, but may be interpreted in terms of inheritance and modern lead loss, yielding a crystallization age of 275 m.y. This is the only known occurrence of Avalonian-type basement in New Hampshire and as such provides evidence for the location of the paleo-Africa-paleo- North America suture. The geochronology also further documents the occurrence of disturbances during the Ordovician and Permian. ?? 1979 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00371877","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Aleinikoff, J.N., Zartman, R., and Lyons, J., 1979, U-Th-Pb geochronology of the Massabesic Gneiss and the granite near Milford, South-Central New Hampshire: New evidence for avalonian basement and taconic and alleghenian disturbances in Eastern New England: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 71, no. 1, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371877.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205157,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371877"}],"volume":"71","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9dbe4b08c986b327e69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aleinikoff, J. N. 0000-0003-3494-6841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":75132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyons, J.B.","contributorId":51390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011710,"text":"70011710 - 1979 - Space, time, and the third dimension (model error)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T12:26:24","indexId":"70011710","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Space, time, and the third dimension (model error)","docAbstract":"

The space-time tradeoff of hydrologic data collection (the ability to substitute spatial coverage for temporal extension of records or vice versa) is controlled jointly by the statistical properties of the phenomena that are being measured and by the model that is used to meld the information sources. The control exerted on the space-time tradeoff by the model and its accompanying errors has seldom been studied explicitly. The technique, known as Network Analyses for Regional Information (NARI), permits such a study of the regional regression model that is used to relate streamflow parameters to the physical and climatic characteristics of the drainage basin.

The NARI technique shows that model improvement is a viable and sometimes necessary means of improving regional data collection systems. Model improvement provides an immediate increase in the accuracy of regional parameter estimation and also increases the information potential of future data collection. Model improvement, which can only be measured in a statistical sense, cannot be quantitatively estimated prior to its achievement; thus an attempt to upgrade a particular model entails a certain degree of risk on the part of the hydrologist.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR015i006p01797","usgsCitation":"Moss, M.E., 1979, Space, time, and the third dimension (model error): Water Resources Research, v. 15, no. 6, p. 1797-1800, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR015i006p01797.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1797","endPage":"1800","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b940ae4b08c986b31a819","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moss, Marshall E.","contributorId":6830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011709,"text":"70011709 - 1979 - Modification of a commercial micrometer hanging mercury drop electrode","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T17:44:20.298047","indexId":"70011709","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modification of a commercial micrometer hanging mercury drop electrode","docAbstract":"

U.S. Geological Survey

","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac50050a033","usgsCitation":"Bonelli, J.E., Taylor, H.E., and Skogerboe, R.K., 1979, Modification of a commercial micrometer hanging mercury drop electrode: Analytical Chemistry, v. 51, no. 14, p. 2412-2413, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50050a033.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"2412","endPage":"2413","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221385,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5cafe4b0c8380cd6fe8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonelli, J. E.","contributorId":35064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonelli","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, H. E.","contributorId":208305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skogerboe, R. K","contributorId":189803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skogerboe","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012635,"text":"70012635 - 1979 - A practical method of estimating standard error of age in the fission track dating method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T20:23:16","indexId":"70012635","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2911,"text":"Nuclear Tracks","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A practical method of estimating standard error of age in the fission track dating method","docAbstract":"A first-order approximation formula for the propagation of error in the fission track age equation is given by PA = C[P2s+P2i+P2??-2rPsPi] 1 2, where PA, Ps, Pi and P?? are the percentage error of age, of spontaneous track density, of induced track density, and of neutron dose, respectively, and C is a constant. The correlation, r, between spontaneous are induced track densities is a crucial element in the error analysis, acting generally to improve the standard error of age. In addition, the correlation parameter r is instrumental is specifying the level of neutron dose, a controlled variable, which will minimize the standard error of age. The results from the approximation equation agree closely with the results from an independent statistical model for the propagation of errors in the fission-track dating method. ?? 1979.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nuclear Tracks","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0191-278X(79)90001-5","issn":"0191278X","usgsCitation":"Johnson, N., McGee, V., and Naeser, C.W., 1979, A practical method of estimating standard error of age in the fission track dating method: Nuclear Tracks, v. 3, no. 3, p. 93-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-278X(79)90001-5.","startPage":"93","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268874,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-278X(79)90001-5"},{"id":222733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4e7e4b0c8380cd469f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, N.M.","contributorId":105429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGee, V.E.","contributorId":36295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012619,"text":"70012619 - 1979 - On Chinese earthquake history - An attempt to model an incomplete data set by point process analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-19T09:04:35","indexId":"70012619","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On Chinese earthquake history - An attempt to model an incomplete data set by point process analysis","docAbstract":"

Since the 1950s, the Academia Sinica in Peking, People's Republic of China, has carried out extensive research on the Chinese earthquake history. With a historical record dating back some 3000 years, a wealth of information on Chinese earthquakes exists. Despite this monumental undertaking by the Academia Sinica, much work is still necessary to correct the existing earthquake data for historical changes in population, customs, modes of communication, and dynasties. In this paper we report on the status of our investigation of Chinese earthquake history and present some preliminary results. By applying point process analysis of earthquakes in 'Central China', we found suggestions of (1) lower earthquake activity at intervals of about 175 years and 375 years, and (2) higher earthquake activity at an interval of about 300 years.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00876217","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Lee, W., and Brillinger, D., 1979, On Chinese earthquake history - An attempt to model an incomplete data set by point process analysis: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 117, no. 6, p. 1229-1257, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00876217.","productDescription":"29 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W.H.K.","contributorId":35303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"W.H.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brillinger, D.R.","contributorId":94039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brillinger","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012575,"text":"70012575 - 1979 - Lunar magnetic anomalies detected by the Apollo substatellite magnetometers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:49:40","indexId":"70012575","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lunar magnetic anomalies detected by the Apollo substatellite magnetometers","docAbstract":"Properties of lunar crustal magnetization thus far deduced from Apollo subsatellite magnetometer data are reviewed using two of the most accurate presently available magnetic anomaly maps - one covering a portion of the lunar near side and the other a part of the far side. The largest single anomaly found within the region of coverage on the near-side map correlates exactly with a conspicuous, light-colored marking in western Oceanus Procellarum called Reiner Gamma. This feature is interpreted as an unusual deposit of ejecta from secondary craters of the large nearby primary impact crater Cavalerius. An age for Cavalerius (and, by implication, for Reiner Gamma) of 3.2 ?? 0.2 ?? 109 y is estimated. The main (30 ?? 60 km) Reiner Gamma deposit is nearly uniformly magnetized in a single direction, with a minimum mean magnetization intensity of ???7 ?? 10-2 G cm3/g (assuming a density of 3 g/cm3), or about 700 times the stable magnetization component of the most magnetic returned samples. Additional medium-amplitude anomalies exist over the Fra Mauro Formation (Imbrium basin ejecta emplaced ???3.9 ?? 109 y ago) where it has not been flooded by mare basalt flows, but are nearly absent over the maria and over the craters Copernicus, Kepler, and Reiner and their encircling ejecta mantles. The mean altitude of the far-side anomaly gap is much higher than that of the near-side map and the surface geology is more complex, so individual anomaly sources have not yet been identified. However, it is clear that a concentration of especially strong sources exists in the vicinity of the craters Van de Graaff and Aitken. Numerical modeling of the associated fields reveals that the source locations do not correspond with the larger primary impact craters of the region and, by analogy with Reiner Gamma, may be less conspicuous secondary crater ejecta deposits. The reason for a special concentration of strong sources in the Van de Graaff-Aitken region is unknown, but may be indirectly related to the existence of strongly modified crustal terrain which also occurs in the same region. The inferred directions of magnetization for the several sources of the largest anomalies are highly inclined with respect to one another, but are generally depleted in the north-south direction. The north-south depletion of magnetization intensity appears to continue across the far-side within the region of coverage. The mechanism of magnetization and the origin of the magnetizing field remain unresolved, but the uniformity with which the Reiner Gamma deposit is apparently magnetized, and the north-south depletion of magnetization intensity across a substantial portion of the far side, seem to require the existence of an ambient field, perhaps of global or larger extent. The very different inferred directions of magnetization possessed by nearly adjacent sources of the Van de Graaff-Aitken anomalies, and the depletion in their north-south component of magnetization, do not favor an internally generated dipolar field oriented parallel to the present spin axis. A variably oriented interplanetary magnetizing field that was intrinsically strong or locally amplified by unknown surface processes is least inconsistent with the data. ?? 1979.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(79)90052-9","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Hood, L.L., Coleman, P., Russell, C., and Wilhelms, D., 1979, Lunar magnetic anomalies detected by the Apollo substatellite magnetometers: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 20, no. 2-4, p. 291-311, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(79)90052-9.","startPage":"291","endPage":"311","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267349,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(79)90052-9"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a91e4b0c8380cd68e8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hood, L. L.","contributorId":31072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hood","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coleman, P.J. Jr.","contributorId":65990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"P.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Russell, C.T.","contributorId":32275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33607,"text":"University of California Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":363949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilhelms, D.E.","contributorId":82302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilhelms","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012563,"text":"70012563 - 1979 - Dynamics of volcanic plumes on Io","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-23T20:24:35.779654","indexId":"70012563","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of volcanic plumes on Io","docAbstract":"

Ballistic and aerodynamic models are proposed to explain the volcanic plumes on Io, with particular reference to Plumes 1 and 3 which seem to have the same origin.


","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/280743a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Cook, A.F., Shoemaker, E., and Smith, B., 1979, Dynamics of volcanic plumes on Io: Nature, v. 280, no. 5725, p. 743-746, https://doi.org/10.1038/280743a0.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"743","endPage":"746","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Io","volume":"280","issue":"5725","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a043ae4b0c8380cd50877","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cook, A. F.","contributorId":82848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shoemaker, E.M.","contributorId":81499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, B.A.","contributorId":17616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012561,"text":"70012561 - 1979 - Massive deep-sea sulphide ore deposits discovered on the East Pacific Rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:03","indexId":"70012561","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Massive deep-sea sulphide ore deposits discovered on the East Pacific Rise","docAbstract":"Massive ore-grade zinc, copper and iron sulphide deposits have been found at the axis of the East Pacific Rise. Although their presence on the deep ocean-floor had been predicted there was no supporting observational evidence. The East Pacific Rise deposits represent a modern analogue of Cyprus-type sulphide ores associated with ophiolitic rocks on land. They contain at least 29% zinc metal and 6% metallic copper. Their discovery will provide a new focus for deep-sea exploration, leading to new assessments of the concentration of metals in the upper layers of the oceanic crust. ?? 1979 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/277523a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Francheteau, J., Needham, H., Choukroune, P., Juteau, T., Seguret, M., Ballard, R.D., Fox, P., Normark, W., Carranza, A., Cordoba, D., Guerrero, J., Rangin, C., Bougault, H., Cambon, P., and Hekinian, R., 1979, Massive deep-sea sulphide ore deposits discovered on the East Pacific Rise: Nature, v. 277, no. 5697, p. 523-528, https://doi.org/10.1038/277523a0.","startPage":"523","endPage":"528","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480607,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/5278/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":205217,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/277523a0"},{"id":222263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"277","issue":"5697","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1979-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5262e4b0c8380cd6c391","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Francheteau, Jean","contributorId":34262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Francheteau","given":"Jean","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Needham, H.D.","contributorId":53947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Needham","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Choukroune, P.","contributorId":68458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choukroune","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Juteau, Tierre","contributorId":43496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Juteau","given":"Tierre","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seguret, M.","contributorId":74514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seguret","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ballard, Richard D.","contributorId":40729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballard","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fox, P.J.","contributorId":79233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Normark, William","contributorId":33052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Carranza, A.","contributorId":84076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carranza","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cordoba, D.","contributorId":47522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordoba","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Guerrero, J.","contributorId":81248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guerrero","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rangin, C.","contributorId":105853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rangin","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Bougault, H.","contributorId":65605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bougault","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Cambon, P.","contributorId":91244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cambon","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Hekinian, R.","contributorId":44273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hekinian","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70012546,"text":"70012546 - 1979 - Simulation of wetlands forest vegetation dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-29T16:52:36.865206","indexId":"70012546","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of wetlands forest vegetation dynamics","docAbstract":"

A computer program, SWAMP, was designed to simulate the effects of flood frequency and depth to water table on southern wetlands forest vegetation dynamics. By incorporating these hydrologic characteristics into the model, forest vegetation and vegetation dynamics can be simulated. The model, based on data from the White River National Wildlife Refuge near De Witt, Arkansas, “grows” individual trees on a 20 x 20-m plot taking into account effects on the tree growth of flooding, depth to water table, shade tolerance, overtopping and crowding, and probability of death and reproduction. A potential application of the model is illustrated with simulations of tree fruit production following flood-control implementation and lumbering.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0304-3800(79)90038-3","usgsCitation":"Phipps, R.L., 1979, Simulation of wetlands forest vegetation dynamics: Ecological Modelling, v. 7, no. 4, p. 257-288, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(79)90038-3.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222024,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90bfe4b08c986b319653","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phipps, Richard L.","contributorId":52122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phipps","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012534,"text":"70012534 - 1979 - Beach-cusp formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-16T15:05:27","indexId":"70012534","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beach-cusp formation","docAbstract":"

Field experiments on beach-cusp formation were undertaken to document how the cuspate form develops and to test the edge-wave hypothesis on the uniform spacing of cusps. These involved observations of cusps forming from an initially plane foreshore.

\n
\n

The cuspate form was observed to be a product of swash modification of an intertidal beach ridge as follows. A ridge, cut by a series of channels quasi-equally spaced along its length, was deposited onto the lower foreshore. The ridge migrated shoreward with flood tide, while the longshore positions of the channels remained fixed. On ebb tide, changes in swash circulation over the ridge allowed the upwash to flow shoreward through the channels and the channel mouths were eroded progressively wider until adjacent mouths met, effecting a cuspate shape.

\n
\n

Measured spacings of cusps, ranging in size from less than 1 m to more than 12 m, agree well with computed spacings due to either zero-mode subharmonic or zero-mode synchronous edge waves. Edge-wave-induced longshore variations in run up will cause water ponded behind a ridge to converge at points of low swash and flow seaward as relatively narrow currents eroding channels spaced at one edge-wave wavelength for synchronous edge waves or one half wavelength for subharmonic edge waves. The channels are subsequently modified into cusp troughs as described above.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(79)90100-2","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Sallenger, A.H., 1979, Beach-cusp formation: Marine Geology, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 23-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(79)90100-2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295430,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(79)90100-2"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f032e4b0c8380cd4a643","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sallenger, A. H. Jr.","contributorId":8818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012533,"text":"70012533 - 1979 - Arsenic and fluoride in the upper madison river system: Firehole and gibbon rivers and their tributaries, yellowstone national park, wyoming, and southeast montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:10","indexId":"70012533","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic and fluoride in the upper madison river system: Firehole and gibbon rivers and their tributaries, yellowstone national park, wyoming, and southeast montana","docAbstract":"Chemical analyses of 21 water samples from the Firehole and Gibbon Rivers, which combine to form the Madison River, gave arsenic and fluoride values above the Environmental Protection Agency Interim Primary Drinking Water maximum contaminant levels (0.05 mg/l arsenic and 2.0 mg/l fluoride). On 18 October, 1975, during a period of moderate flow (16,600 l/s), the Madison River at West Yellowstone contained 0.23 mg/l arsenic and 6.2 mg/l fluoride. Below Hebgen Lake the Madison River during periods of high flow (56,000 liter/s at West Yellowstone and 708,000 liter/s below Hebgen Lake) would contain 0.05 mg/l arsenic at both stations and 1.5 and 4.0 mg/l fluoride at West Yellowstone and below Hebgen Lake, respectively. The strong correlations of arsenic and fluoride with other chemical constituents of the river water at the sampling sites demonstrate the conservative nature of each element after it reaches the Madison River system. Calculations indicate that water from three sampling sites is above saturation with respect to fluorite. ?? 1979 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02423274","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Thompson, J., 1979, Arsenic and fluoride in the upper madison river system: Firehole and gibbon rivers and their tributaries, yellowstone national park, wyoming, and southeast montana: Environmental Geology, v. 3, no. 1, p. 13-21, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02423274.","startPage":"13","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205147,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02423274"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed87e4b0c8380cd49870","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, J. M.","contributorId":77142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012522,"text":"70012522 - 1979 - Modern marine sediments as a natural analog to the chemically stressed environment of a landfill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-06T07:10:57","indexId":"70012522","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modern marine sediments as a natural analog to the chemically stressed environment of a landfill","docAbstract":"

Chemical reactions that occur in landfills are analogous to those reactions that occur in marine sediments. Lateral zonation of C, N, S, O, H, Fe and Mn species in landfills is similar to the vertical zonation of these species in marine sediments and results from the following reaction sequence: (1) oxidation of C, N and S species in the presence of dissolved free oxygen to HCO3-, NO3-and SO42; (2) after consumption of molecular oxygen, then NO3-is reduced, and Fe and Mn are solubilized; (3) SO42-is reduced to sulfide; and (4) organic compounds become the source of oxygen, and CH4 and NH4+are formed as fermentation products. In a landfill in Delaware the oxidation potential increases down-gradient and the redox zones in the reducing plume are characterized by: CH4, NH4+,Fe2+. Mn2+, HCO3-and NO3-. Lack of SO42-at that landfill eliminates the sulfide zone. Although it has not been observed at landfills, mineral alteration should result in precipitation of pyrite and/or siderite downgradient. Controls on the pH of leachate are the relative rates of production of HCO3-, NH4+and CH4. Production of methane by fermentation at landfills results in 13C isotope fractionation and the accumulation of isotopically heavy σ CO2 (+10 to +180/00 PDB). Isotope measurements may be useful to determine the extent of CO2 reduction in landfills and extent of dilution downgradient. The boundaries of reaction zones in stressed aquifers are determined by head distribution and flow velocity. Thus, if the groundwater flow is rapid relative to reaction rates, redox zones will develop downgradient. Where groundwater flow velocities are low the zones will overlap to the extent that they may be indeterminate.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0167-5648(09)70028-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Baedecker, M., and Back, W., 1979, Modern marine sediments as a natural analog to the chemically stressed environment of a landfill: Journal of Hydrology, v. 43, no. 1-4, p. 393-414, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5648(09)70028-0.","productDescription":"22 p. ","startPage":"393","endPage":"414","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c97e4b0c8380cd6fde2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baedecker, M.J.","contributorId":42702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Back, W.","contributorId":33839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012519,"text":"70012519 - 1979 - Vesicularity and CO2 in mid-ocean ridge basalt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-26T22:05:33.361133","indexId":"70012519","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Vesicularity and CO2 in mid-ocean ridge basalt","title":"Vesicularity and CO2 in mid-ocean ridge basalt","docAbstract":"

Vesicles and included CO2 are enriched in deep-sea basalts that are also enriched in light rare earth and incompatible elements. This enrichment probably results from a unique deep mantle origin of such melts but may have been modified by CO2 bubbles rising in shallow magma chambers.

","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publications","doi":"10.1038/282250a0","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., 1979, Vesicularity and CO2 in mid-ocean ridge basalt: Nature, v. 282, no. 5736, p. 250-253, https://doi.org/10.1038/282250a0.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"253","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"282","issue":"5736","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc24fe4b08c986b32aa6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":363805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012514,"text":"70012514 - 1979 - A review of numerical simulation of hydrothermal systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-03T16:59:39.801197","indexId":"70012514","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1926,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of numerical simulation of hydrothermal systems","docAbstract":"

Many advances in simulating single and two-phase fluid flow and heat transport in porous media have recently been made in conjunction with geothermal energy research. These numerical models reproduce system thermal and pressure behaviour and can be used for heat-transport problems other than those associated with geothermal energy development, such as high-level radioactive waste disposal and heat-storage projects. Although these models are general, additional research is necessary before they can be applied to certain site-specific problems that are concerned with additional processes, such as mass transport and flow in fractured media.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626667909491871","issn":"03036936","usgsCitation":"Mercer, J., and Faust, C., 1979, A review of numerical simulation of hydrothermal systems: Hydrological Sciences Bulletin, v. 24, no. 3, p. 335-344, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667909491871.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"344","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488798,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667909491871","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":222541,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e554e4b0c8380cd46cba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mercer, J.W.","contributorId":90741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercer","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faust, C.R.","contributorId":9922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faust","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012503,"text":"70012503 - 1979 - Four-dimensional modeling of recent vertical movements in the area of the southern California uplift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T17:22:48","indexId":"70012503","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Four-dimensional modeling of recent vertical movements in the area of the southern California uplift","docAbstract":"

This paper describes an analytical technique that utilizes scattered geodetic relevelings and tide-gauge records to portray Recent vertical crustal movements that may have been characterized by spasmodic changes in velocity. The technique is based on the fitting of a time-varying algebraic surface of prescribed degree to the geodetic data treated as tilt elements and to tide-gauge readings treated as point movements. Desired variations in time can be selected as any combination of powers of vertical movement velocity and episodic events. The state of the modeled vertical displacement can be shown for any number of dates for visual display. Statistical confidence limits of the modeled displacements, derived from the density of measurements in both space and time, line length, and accuracy of input data, are also provided. The capabilities of the technique are demonstrated on selected data from the region of the southern California uplift. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(79)90233-6","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Vanicek, P., Elliot, M.R., and Castle, R.O., 1979, Four-dimensional modeling of recent vertical movements in the area of the southern California uplift: Tectonophysics, v. 52, no. 1-4, p. 287-300, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(79)90233-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"300","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.640869140625,\n 32.676372772089834\n ],\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 32.676372772089834\n ],\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 35.33529320309328\n ],\n [\n -120.640869140625,\n 35.33529320309328\n ],\n [\n -120.640869140625,\n 32.676372772089834\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a139ae4b0c8380cd546e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vanicek, Petr","contributorId":30876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vanicek","given":"Petr","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18889,"text":"University of New Brunswick","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":363769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliot, Michael R.","contributorId":189355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliot","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castle, Robert O.","contributorId":22741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castle","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012430,"text":"70012430 - 1979 - Vector analysis of chemical variation in the lavas of Parícutin volcano, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-15T10:05:07","indexId":"70012430","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vector analysis of chemical variation in the lavas of Parícutin volcano, Mexico","docAbstract":"

Compositional variations in the lavas of Parícutin volcano, Mexico, have been examined by an extended method of Q-mode factor analysis. Each sample composition is treated as a vector projected from an original eight-dimensional space into a vector system of three dimensions. The compositions represented by the vectors after projection are closely similar to the original compositions except for Na2Oand Fe2O3.The vectors in the three-dimensional system cluster about three different planes that represent three stages of compositional change in the Parícutin lavas. Because chemical data on the compositions of the minerals in the lavas are presently lacking, interpretations of the mineral phases that may have been involved in fractional crystallization are based on CIPW norm calculations. Changes during the first stage are attributed largely to the fractional crystallization of plagioclase and olivine. Changes during the second stage can be explained by the separation of plagioclase and pyroxene. Changes during the final stage may have resulted mostly from the assimilation of a granitic material, as previously proposed by R. E. Wilcox.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01029294","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Miesch, A., 1979, Vector analysis of chemical variation in the lavas of Parícutin volcano, Mexico: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 11, no. 4, p. 345-371, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01029294.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"371","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205203,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01029294"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1a6e4b08c986b32a6ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miesch, A.T.","contributorId":88726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miesch","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}