A mosaic of large lithospheric plates rims the Arctic Ocean Basin, and foldbelts between these plates contain numerous allochthonous microplates. A new model for continental drift and microplate accretion proposes that prior to the late Mesozoic the Kula plate extended from the Pacific into the Arctic. By a process of circumpolar drift and microplate accretion, fragments of the Pacific basin, including parts of the Kula plate, were cut off and isolated in the Arctic Ocean, the Yukon-Koyukuk basin in Alaska, and the Bering Sea.
Seismic reflection profiles and magnetic intensity measurements were collected across the southern continental margin of Spain and the Alboran basin between Spain and Africa. Correlation of the distinct seismic stratigraphy observed in the profiles to stratigraphic information obtained from cores at Deep Sea Drilling Project site 121 allows effective dating of tectonic events. The Alboran Sea basin occupies a zone of motion between the African and Iberian lithospheric plates that probably began to form by extension in late Miocene time (Tortonian). At the end of Miocene time (end of Messinian) profiles show that an angular unconformity was cut, and then the strata were block faulted before subsequent deposition. The erosion of the unconformity probably resulted from lowering of Mediterranean sea level by evaporation when the previous channel between the Mediterranean and Atlantic was closed. Continued extension probably caused the block faulting and, eventually the opening of the present channel to the Atlantic through the Strait of Gibraltar and the reflooding of the Mediterranean. Minor tectonic movements at the end of Calabrian time (early Pleistocene) apparently resulted in minor faulting, extensive transgression in southeastern Spain, and major changes in the sedimentary environment of the Alboran basin. Active faulting observed at five locations on seismic profiles seems to form a NNE zone of transcurrent movement across the Alboran Sea. This inferred fault trend is coincident with some bathymetric, magnetic and seismicity trends and colinear with active faults that have been mapped on-shore in Morocco and Spain. The faults were probably caused by stresses related to plate movements, and their direction was modified by inherited fractures in the lithosphere that floors the Alboran Sea.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(80)90087-0","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Dillon, W.P., Robb, J.M., Greene, H., and Lucena, J.C., 1980, Evolution of the continental margin of southern Spain and the Alboran Sea: Marine Geology, v. 36, no. 3-4, p. 205-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(80)90087-0.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"226","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Spain","otherGeospatial":"Alboran Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -6.1138916015625,\n 35.06597313798418\n ],\n [\n -2.197265625,\n 35.06597313798418\n ],\n [\n -2.197265625,\n 36.87962060502676\n ],\n [\n -6.1138916015625,\n 36.86643755175846\n ],\n [\n -6.1138916015625,\n 35.06597313798418\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d8be4b0c8380cd53098","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":364055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robb, James M.","contributorId":73272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robb","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":364054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":38958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":364052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lucena, Juan Carlos","contributorId":58023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucena","given":"Juan","email":"","middleInitial":"Carlos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012626,"text":"70012626 - 1980 - Rare earth element distribution in some hydrothermal minerals: Evidence for crystallographic control","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-14T15:56:58.831834","indexId":"70012626","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rare earth element distribution in some hydrothermal minerals: Evidence for crystallographic control","docAbstract":"Rare earth element (REE) abundances were measured by neutron activation analysis in anhydrite (CaSO4), barite (BaSO4), siderite (FeCO3) and galena (PbS). A simple crystal-chemical model qualitatively describes the relative affinities for REE substitution in anhydrite, barite, and siderite. When normalized to ‘crustal’ abundances (as an approximation to the hydrothermal fluid REE pattern), log REE abundance is a surprisingly linear function of (ionic radius of major cation—ionic radius of REE)2 for the three hydrothermal minerals, individually and collectively. An important exception, however, is Eu, which is anomalously enriched in barite and depleted in siderite relative to REE of neighboring atomic number and trivalent ionic radius. In principle, REE analyses of suitable pairs of co-existing hydrothermal minerals, combined with appropriate experimental data, could yield both the REE content and the temperature of the parental hydrothermal fluid.
The REE have only very weak chalcophilic tendencies, and this is reflected by the very low abundances in galena—La, 0.6 ppb; Sm, 0.06 ppb; the remainder are below detection limits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(80)90286-0","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Morgan, J.W., and Wandless, G., 1980, Rare earth element distribution in some hydrothermal minerals: Evidence for crystallographic control: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 44, no. 7, p. 973-980, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(80)90286-0.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"973","endPage":"980","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222603,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a951ae4b0c8380cd817e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, J. W.","contributorId":92384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wandless, G.A.","contributorId":107716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandless","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012629,"text":"70012629 - 1980 - The frontal method in hydrodynamics simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-21T16:09:27.266599","indexId":"70012629","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1314,"text":"Computers and Fluids","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The frontal method in hydrodynamics simulations","docAbstract":"The frontal solution method has proven to be an effective means of solving the matrix equations resulting from the application of the finite element method to a variety of problems. In this study, several versions of the frontal method were compared in efficiency for several hydrodynamics problems. Three basic modifications were shown to be of value: 1. Elimination of equations with boundary conditions beforehand, 2. Modification of the pivoting procedures to allow dynamic management of the equation size, and 3. Storage of the eliminated equations in a vector. These modifications are sufficiently general to be applied to other classes of problems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0045-7930(80)90016-X","usgsCitation":"Walters, R.A., 1980, The frontal method in hydrodynamics simulations: Computers and Fluids, v. 8, no. 2, p. 265-272, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7930(80)90016-X.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"272","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222606,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac2ee4b08c986b323315","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, Roy A.","contributorId":74877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012329,"text":"70012329 - 1980 - Rate of mercury loss from contaminated estuarine sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T16:35:31","indexId":"70012329","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rate of mercury loss from contaminated estuarine sediments","docAbstract":"The concentration of mercury in contaminated estuarine sediments of Bellingham Bay, Washington was found to decrease with a half-time of about 1.3 yr after the primary anthropogenic source of mercury was removed. In situ measurements of the mercury flux from sediments, in both dissolved and volatile forms, could not account for this decrease. This result suggests that the removal of mercury is associated with sediment particles transported out of the study area. This decrease was modeled using a steady-state mixing model.
Mercury concentrations in anoxic interstitial waters reached 3.5 μg/l, 126 times higher than observed in the overlying seawater. Mercury fluxes from these sediments ranged from 1.2 to 2.8 × 10−5 ng/cm2/sec, all in a soluble form. In general, higher Hg fluxes were associated with low oxygen or reducing conditions in the overlying seawater. In contrast, no flux was measurable from oxidizing interstitial water having mercury concentrations of 0.01-0.06 μ/l.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(80)90137-4","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Bothner, M., Jahnke, R., Peterson, M.L., and Carpenter, R., 1980, Rate of mercury loss from contaminated estuarine sediments: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 44, no. 2, p. 273-285, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(80)90137-4.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"285","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9537e4b0c8380cd81892","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jahnke, R.A.","contributorId":33060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahnke","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, M. L.","contributorId":49930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carpenter, R.","contributorId":94793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012330,"text":"70012330 - 1980 - Computational methods for inverse problems in geophysics: Inversion of travel time observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-20T06:55:43","indexId":"70012330","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computational methods for inverse problems in geophysics: Inversion of travel time observations","docAbstract":"General ways of solving various inverse problems are studied for given travel time observations between sources and receivers. These problems are separated into three components: (a) the representation of the unknown quantities appearing in the model; (b) the nonlinear least-squares problem; (c) the direct, two-point ray-tracing problem used to compute travel time once the model parameters are given. Novel software is described for (b) and (c), and some ideas given on (a). Numerical results obtained with artificial data and an implementation of the algorithm are also presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(80)90063-1","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Pereyra, V., Keller, H., and Lee, W., 1980, Computational methods for inverse problems in geophysics: Inversion of travel time observations: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 21, no. 2-3, p. 120-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(80)90063-1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f951e4b0c8380cd4d570","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pereyra, V.","contributorId":72932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereyra","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keller, H.B.","contributorId":71697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"H.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, W.H.K.","contributorId":35303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"W.H.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012111,"text":"70012111 - 1980 - Crystallization history of Kilauea Iki lava lake as seen in drill core recovered in 1967-1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:05","indexId":"70012111","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1093,"text":"Bulletin Volcanologique","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crystallization history of Kilauea Iki lava lake as seen in drill core recovered in 1967-1979","docAbstract":"Kilauea Iki lava lake formed during the 1959 summit eruption, one of the most picritic eruptions of Kilauea Volcano in the twentieth century. Since 1959 the 110 to 122 m thick lake has cooled slowly, developing steadily thickening upper and lower crusts, with a lens of more molten lava in between. Recent coring dates, with maximum depths reached in the center of the lake, are: 1967 (26.5 m). 1975 (44.2 m), 1976 (46.0 m) and 1979 (52.7 m). These depths define the base of the upper crust at the time of drilling. The bulk of the core consists of a gray, olivine-phyric basalt matrix, which locally contains coarser-grained diabasic segregation veins. The most important megascopic variation in the matrix rock is its variation in olivine content. The upper 15 m of crust is very olivine-rich. Abundance and average size of olivine decrease irregularly downward to 23 m; between 23 and 40 m the rock contains 5-10% of small olivine phenocrysts. Below 40 m. olivine content and average grainsize rise sharply. Olivine contents remain high (20-45%, by volume) throughout the lower crust, except for a narrow (< 6 m) olivine depleted zone near the basalt contact. Petrographically the olivine phenocrysts in Kilauea Iki can be divided into two types. Type 1 phenocrysts are large (1-12 mm long), with irregular blocky outlines, and often contain kink bands. Type 2 crystals are relatively small (0.5-2 mm in length), euhedral and undeformed. The variations in olivine content of the matrix rock are almost entirely variations in the amount of type 1 olivines. Sharp mineral layering of any sort is rare in Kilauea Iki. However, the depth range 41-52 m is marked by the frequent occurrence of steeply dipping (70??-90??) bands or bodies of slightly vuggy olivine-rich rock locally capped with a small cupola of segregation-vein material. In thin section there is clear evidence for relative movement of melt and crystals within these structures. The segregation veins occur only in the upper crust. The most widely distributed (occurring from 4.5-59.4 m) are thin veins (most < 5 cm thick), which cut the core at moderate angles and appear to have been derived from the immediately adjacent wall-rock by filter pressing. There is also a series of thicker (0.1-1.5 m) segregation veins, which recur every 2-3 m, between 20 and 52 m. These have subhorizontal contacts and appear, from similarities in thickness and spacing, to correlate between drill holes as much as 100 m apart. These large veins are not derived from the adjacent wallrock: their mechanism of formation is still problematical. The total thickness of segregation veins in Kilauea Iki is 3-6 m in the central part of the lake, corresponding to 6-11% of the upper crust. Whole-rock compositions for Kilauea Iki fall into two groups: the matrix rock ranges from 20-7.5% MgO, while the segregation veins all contain between 6.0 and 4.5% MgO. There are no whole-rock compositions of intermediate MgO content. Samples from < 12 m show eruption-controlled chemistry. Below that depth, matrix rock compositions have higher Al2O3, TiO2 and alkalies, and lower CaO and FeO, at a given MgO content than do the eruption pumices. The probable causes of this are assimilation of low-melting components from foundered crust, plus removal of olivine, plus removal of minor augite, for rocks with MgO contents of < 8.0%. Given the observed rate of growth of the upper crust, one can infer that significant removal of the type 1 olivine phenocrysts from the upper part of the lake began in 1963 and ceased sometime prior to 1972. The process. probably gravitative settling, appears to have been inhibited earlier by gas streaming from the lower part of the lens of melt. The olivine cumulate zone, which extends into the upper crust, contains relatively few (25-40%) olivine crystals, few of which actually touch each other. The diffuseness of the cumulate zone raises the possibility that the crystals were coated with a relatively visous boundary layer","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin Volcanologique","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02600365","issn":"0366483X","usgsCitation":"Helz, R., 1980, Crystallization history of Kilauea Iki lava lake as seen in drill core recovered in 1967-1979: Bulletin Volcanologique, v. 43, no. 4, p. 675-701, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02600365.","startPage":"675","endPage":"701","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205176,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02600365"},{"id":221991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd01e4b0c8380cd4e590","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":16806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind Tuthill","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":362758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012126,"text":"70012126 - 1980 - Kinetic model for the short-term dissolution of a rhyolitic glass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T12:32:43","indexId":"70012126","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinetic model for the short-term dissolution of a rhyolitic glass","docAbstract":"Aqueous dissolution experiments with the vitric phase of a rhyolitic tuff were performed at 25??C and constant pH in the range 4.5-7.5. Results suggest interchange of aqueous hydrogen ions for cations situated both on the surface and within the glass. At time intervals from 24 to 900 hr., dissolution kinetics are controlled by ion transport to and from sites within the glass. Experimental data indicate that parabolic diffusion rate of a chemical species from the solid is a nonlinear function of its aqueous concentration. A numerical solution to Fick's second law is presented for diffusion of sodium, which relates it's aqueous concentration to it's concentration on glass surface, by a Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The pH influence on sodium diffusion in the model can be accounted for by use of a pH-dependent diffusion coefficient and a pH-independent adsorption isotherm. ?? 1980.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(80)90038-8","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., and Claassen, H., 1980, Kinetic model for the short-term dissolution of a rhyolitic glass: Chemical Geology, v. 28, no. C, p. 91-109, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(80)90038-8.","startPage":"91","endPage":"109","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266127,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(80)90038-8"}],"volume":"28","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40a6e4b0c8380cd64f28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Claassen, H.C.","contributorId":74028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claassen","given":"H.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012145,"text":"70012145 - 1980 - Mid- Tertiary climate of southeastern United States, the sporomorph evidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-01T22:33:02.671425","indexId":"70012145","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid- Tertiary climate of southeastern United States, the sporomorph evidence","docAbstract":"Climatic affinities of modern genera represented by late Eocene sporomorphs suggest that the climate of that time in southeastern United States was winter-dry tropical close to the Gulf of Mexico and marginal humid subtropical on the upper Coastal Plain. Lack of change of the sporomorph assemblages suggests that the climate of southeastern United States did not change appreciably from late in the middle Eocene until nearly the end of the Eocene. Then the climate rapidly became cooler and perhaps drier, a regime that persisted into the early Oligocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontology Society","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Frederiksen, N.O., 1980, Mid- Tertiary climate of southeastern United States, the sporomorph evidence: Journal of Paleontology, v. 54, no. 4, p. 728-739.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"728","endPage":"739","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":430690,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/jpaleontol/article/54/4/728/81445/Mid-Tertiary-climate-of-southeastern-United-States"},{"id":222464,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56b1e4b0c8380cd6d769","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frederiksen, N. O.","contributorId":78356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederiksen","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012158,"text":"70012158 - 1980 - Tertiary δ18O record and glacio-eustatic sea-level fluctuations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-01T23:15:31.859678","indexId":"70012158","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tertiary δ18O record and glacio-eustatic sea-level fluctuations","docAbstract":"Previous interpretation of the Tertiary δ18O record of plaiiktic and benthic foraminifers has emphasized comparison to the modern ocean, assumed an ice-free world prior to middle Miocene time, and thereby calculated surprisingly cool temperatures for the tropical sea surface. We propose an alternative interpretation, which compares Tertiary data to average late Pleistocene, assumes constant tropical sea-surface temperature, and thereby estimates global ice volume. This approach suggests that Earth has had a significant ice budget (and therefore glacio-eustatic sea-level fluctuations) at least since Eocene and perhaps even throughout much of Cretaceous time.
Approximately 230 mm of aseismic vertical offset of the land surface across the Pond-Poso Creek fault in the San Joaquin Valley, California, probably is related to groundwater withdrawal for crop irrigation. The scarp is approximately 3.4 km long and occurs in an area where the land subsided more than 1.5 m from 1926 to 1970. Modern faulting postdates the beginning of water level declines and associated subsidence. Movement detected by precise leveling surveys from February 1977 to March 1979 was seasonal, occurring during periods of water level decline. Fault offset was greater in the year with the lower seasonal low water level. The modern movement probably is caused by localized differential compaction induced by differential water level declines across the preexisting fault.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR016i006p01065","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T.L., 1980, Faulting caused by groundwater level declines, San Joaquin Valley, California: Water Resources Research, v. 16, no. 6, p. 1065-1070, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR016i006p01065.","productDescription":"6p.","startPage":"1065","endPage":"1070","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Pond-Poso Creek fault, San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.134765625,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -122.87109375,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -122.58544921875,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -121.5087890625,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -120.32226562500001,\n 35.263561862152095\n ],\n [\n -119.13574218749999,\n 34.57895241036948\n ],\n [\n -118.5205078125,\n 35.191766965947394\n ],\n [\n -118.54248046874999,\n 36.24427318493909\n ],\n [\n -118.7841796875,\n 36.66841891894786\n ],\n [\n -119.33349609375,\n 37.26530995561875\n ],\n [\n -120.08056640625,\n 37.82280243352756\n ],\n [\n -120.95947265624999,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -121.53076171875,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -121.75048828124999,\n 40.84706035607122\n ],\n [\n -122.4755859375,\n 41.178653972331674\n ],\n [\n -123.134765625,\n 40.91351257612758\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f24e4b0c8380cd537c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, Thomas L. tholzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"Thomas","email":"tholzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":362905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012171,"text":"70012171 - 1980 - Distribution of modern benthic foraminifers on the New Jersey Outer Continental Shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-04T06:43:07","indexId":"70012171","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of modern benthic foraminifers on the New Jersey Outer Continental Shelf","docAbstract":"We used samples from 21 stations within a 600 km2 area of the New Jersey Outer Continental Shelf to assess the effects of a hydrodynamic environment on the distribution and redistribution of benthic foraminifers. These samples show that, although the predominant genera (Elphidium, Cibicides, and Saccammina) are the same as those reported by other investigators for this region, the environmental factors that control the generic distribution are more complex than were previously postulated. Generic distribution patterns derived from this study are correlated with the bottom topography and sediment distribution as well as the temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen concentrations of the bottom waters. The six predominant species observed in the samples (and their phenotypic variants) are cryophilic forms known to occur in the Virginian and Nova Scotian biogeographic provinces and in Arctic waters. Species distribution patterns also correlate well with bottom topography and hydrographic factors, but may be modified by seasonal fluctuations in test production and by redistribution of dead tests. At most stations, specimens of Elphidium subarcticum were attached to quartz grains. This phenomenon, which has not been reported before, probably is an adaptation to a high-energy environment. The distribution pattern of Elphidium subarcticum along with those of the sessile species Webbinella concava and Vasiglobulina n.sp. corroborate sedimentological evidence that the accumulation of modern sediments in the area is negligible.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-8398(80)90006-7","issn":"03778398","usgsCitation":"Poag, C.W., Knebel, H., and Todd, R., 1980, Distribution of modern benthic foraminifers on the New Jersey Outer Continental Shelf: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 5, no. C, p. 43-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(80)90006-7.","productDescription":"27 p. 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Jersey\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"5","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02e5e4b0c8380cd50252","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poag, C. Wylie","contributorId":52714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wylie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knebel, H.J.","contributorId":79092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Todd, R.","contributorId":77654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012173,"text":"70012173 - 1980 - On the extraction of directional sea-wave spectra from synthetic- aperture radar-signal arrays without matched filtering.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:06","indexId":"70012173","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2770,"text":"Modern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the extraction of directional sea-wave spectra from synthetic- aperture radar-signal arrays without matched filtering.","docAbstract":"An economical method of digitally extracting sea-wave spectra from synthetic-aperture radar-signal records, which can be performed routinely in real or near-real time with the reception of telemetry from Seasat satellites, would be of value to a variety of scientific disciplines. This paper explores techniques for such data extraction and concludes that the mere fact that the desired result is devoid of phase information does not, of itself, lead to a simplification in data processing because of the nature of the modulation performed on the radar pulse by the backscattering surface. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00267775","usgsCitation":"Wildey, R., 1980, On the extraction of directional sea-wave spectra from synthetic- aperture radar-signal arrays without matched filtering.: Modern Geology, v. 7, no. 3, p. 147-159.","startPage":"147","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6dcae4b0c8380cd75326","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wildey, R.L.","contributorId":9700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildey","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012174,"text":"70012174 - 1980 - Circular current loops, magnetic dipoles and spherical harmonic analysis.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T12:43:03","indexId":"70012174","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2310,"text":"Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Circular current loops, magnetic dipoles and spherical harmonic analysis.","docAbstract":"Spherical harmonic analysis (SHA) is the most used method of describing the Earth's magnetic field, even though spherical harmonic coefficients (SHC) almost completely defy interpretation in terms of real sources. Some moderately successful efforts have been made to represent the field in terms of dipoles placed in the core in an effort to have the model come closer to representing real sources. Dipole sources are only a first approximation to the real sources which are thought to be a very complicated network of electrical currents in the core of the Earth. -Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.5636/jgg.32.357","issn":"00221392","usgsCitation":"Alldredge, L., 1980, Circular current loops, magnetic dipoles and spherical harmonic analysis.: Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity, v. 32, no. 6, p. 357-364, https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.32.357.","startPage":"357","endPage":"364","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480594,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.32.357","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":269317,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5636/jgg.32.357"},{"id":221872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f602e4b0c8380cd4c548","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alldredge, L.R.","contributorId":53457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alldredge","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012334,"text":"70012334 - 1980 - Supplementary modification and introduction of code numbers to the low-latitude coccolith biostratigraphic zonation (Bukry, 1973; 1975)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-02T16:34:40.649038","indexId":"70012334","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Supplementary modification and introduction of code numbers to the low-latitude coccolith biostratigraphic zonation (Bukry, 1973; 1975)","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-8398(80)90016-X","usgsCitation":"Okada, H., and Bukry, D., 1980, Supplementary modification and introduction of code numbers to the low-latitude coccolith biostratigraphic zonation (Bukry, 1973; 1975): Marine Micropaleontology, v. 5, p. 321-325, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(80)90016-X.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"325","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222193,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f74e4b08c986b31e5bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Okada, H.","contributorId":14097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okada","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bukry, D.","contributorId":15338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012336,"text":"70012336 - 1980 - Lithospheric loading by the 1896 Riku-u earthquake, northern Japan: Implications for plate flexure and asthenospheric rheology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T16:55:17.414077","indexId":"70012336","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithospheric loading by the 1896 Riku-u earthquake, northern Japan: Implications for plate flexure and asthenospheric rheology","docAbstract":"Under favorable circumstances the time-dependent aseismic deformation resulting from the loading of the lithosphere by the stress drop of large dip slip earthquakes can be used to determine both the effective elastic plate thickness and the asthenospheric viscosity. The deformation has several similarities with the deflection of the lithosphere by surface loads and with movements due to postglacial rebound. Level changes obtained in the 80 years since the M = 7.5, 1896 Riku-u earthquake, an intraplate thrust event in northern Honshu, provide convincing evidence that asthenospheric readjustments are responsible for the observed movements. Leveling surveys crossing the zone of surface faulting have been repeated five times since 1900 and delineate a localized depression that has subsided at a continually decreasing rate. The depression is centered close to the 1896 faulting, and its shape and width, about 75 km, are matched by our model using a plate thickness of 30 km. The decaying subsidence rate constrains the viscosity of the uppermost asthenosphere to be 1×1020 P. A linear viscous rheology matches the observed decay quite well, although measurements are sparse during the several decades following the earthquake.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB085iB11p06429","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Thatcher, W., Matsuda, T., Kato, T., and Rundle, J.B., 1980, Lithospheric loading by the 1896 Riku-u earthquake, northern Japan: Implications for plate flexure and asthenospheric rheology: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 85, no. B11, p. 6429-6435, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB085iB11p06429.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"6429","endPage":"6435","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222195,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a489fe4b0c8380cd67fcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matsuda, T.","contributorId":49522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsuda","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kato, T.","contributorId":93195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kato","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rundle, J. B.","contributorId":17766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rundle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012181,"text":"70012181 - 1980 - Evaluation of multispectral middle infrared aircraft images for lithologic mapping in the East Tintic Mountains, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-01T23:13:00.365141","indexId":"70012181","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of multispectral middle infrared aircraft images for lithologic mapping in the East Tintic Mountains, Utah","docAbstract":"Six channels of multispectral middle infrared (8 to 14 μrn) aircraft scanner data were acquired over the East Tintic mining district, Utah. This area has high relief and moderate vegetation and consists mainly of Tertiary silicic igneous rocks and Paleozoic quartzite and carbonate rocks that have been locally hydro thermally altered. These digital-image data were computer processed to create a color-composite image based on principal component transformations. Color differences in this image are related to the spectral differences in the surface material and allow discrimination of several rock types, depending primarily on their silica content. When combined with a visible and near infrared color-composite image from a previous flight, with limited field checking, it is possible to discriminate quartzite, carbonate rocks, quartz latitic and quartz monzonitic rocks, latitic and monzonitic rocks, silicified altered rocks, argillized altered rocks, and vegetation.
Variations in the concentration of total suspended particulate matter (TSM) collected 1 m above bottom, changes in vertical profiles of light transmission, and substrate textural patterns reveal a corridor for preferential sediment transport on San Pedro continental shelf, California. During the winter, this corridor, designated the preferential transport corridor (PTC), is defined by higher concentrations of TSM relative to the rest of the shelf and extends for 10-15 km from the inner shelf to the head of San Gabriel Submarine Canyon. Vertical profiles of light transmission within the PTC suggest density stratification throughout the water column and apparent mixing in the upper 15-20 m of water column on either side of the PTC. The PTC is not as fully developed during the summer. Excursions in isopleths of substrate textural variables perpendicular to isobaths in the PTC suggest that although the PTC is seasonally episodic, it recurs regularly over a longer period.
\n\n
A conceptual model attributes the PTC to modification of shelf circulation patterns by San Gabriel Canyon. Surface waves diverge over the canyon head resulting in differential wave set up at the shore face. This forces back turbid nearshore water for a distance of a few kilometers toward the canyon. At some point on the shelf, seaward nearshore flow overlaps offshore currents generated or modified by internal waves focused onto the shelf by the canyon and/or turbulent eddies produced by flow separation in currents moving across the canyon axis. At times, these subtle processes overprint tidal and wind-driven currents and thereby create the PTC. The model suggests that canyons heading several kilometers from shore can have a regulatory effect on narrow-shelf sediment dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(80)90141-3","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Karl, H.A., 1980, Influence of San Gabriel submarine canyon on narrow-shelf sediment dynamics, southern California: Marine Geology, v. 34, no. 1-2, p. 61-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(80)90141-3.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Gabriel Submarine Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.31520080566406,\n 33.535671379525546\n ],\n [\n -118.31520080566406,\n 33.79854997801964\n ],\n [\n -117.91831970214842,\n 33.79854997801964\n ],\n [\n -117.91831970214842,\n 33.535671379525546\n ],\n [\n -118.31520080566406,\n 33.535671379525546\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b05e4b0c8380cd62179","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karl, Herman A.","contributorId":80649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Herman","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012200,"text":"70012200 - 1980 - Modern and ancient submarine fans: Reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T11:55:57.998975","indexId":"70012200","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modern and ancient submarine fans: Reply","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Normark, W.R., 1980, Modern and ancient submarine fans: Reply: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 64, no. 7, p. 1108-1112.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1108","endPage":"1112","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222245,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":411724,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/aapgbull/article/64/7/1108/556651/Modern-and-Ancient-Submarine-Fans-REPLY1"}],"volume":"64","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c8be4b0c8380cd6fd89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Normark, William R.","contributorId":69570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012218,"text":"70012218 - 1980 - Transition of basaltic lava from pahoehoe to aa, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Field observations and key factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T10:33:28","indexId":"70012218","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transition of basaltic lava from pahoehoe to aa, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Field observations and key factors","docAbstract":"Nearly all Hawaiian basaltic lava erupts as pahoehoe, and some changes to aa during flowage and cooling; factors governing the transition involve certain critical relations between viscosity and rate of shear strain. If the lava slows, cools, and stops in direct response to concomitant increase in viscosity before these critical relations are reached, it remains pahoehoe. But, if flow mechanics (flow rate, flow dimensions, slope, momentum, etc.) impel the lava to continue to move and deform even after it has become highly viscous, the critical relations may be reached and the lava changes to aa.
Typical modes of transition from pahoehoe to aa include: (1) spontaneous formation of relatively stiff clots in parts of the flowing lava where shear rate is highest; these clots grow into discrete, rough, sticky masses to which the remaining fluid lava incrementally adheres; (2) fragmentation and immersion of solid or semi-solid surface crusts of pahoehoe by roiling movements of the flow, forming cores of discrete, tacky masses; (3) sudden renewed movement of lava stored and cooled within surface reservoirs to form clots. The masses, fragments, and clots in these transition modes are characterized by spinose, granulated surfaces; as flow movement continues, the masses and fragments aggregate, fracture, and grind together, completing the transition to aa.
Observations show that the critical relation between viscosity and rate of shear strain is inverse: if viscosity is low, a high rate of shear is required to begin the transition to aa; conversely, if viscosity is high, a much lower rate of shear will induce the transition. These relations can be demonstrated qualitatively with simple graphs, which can be used to examine the flow history of any selected finite lava element by tracing the path represented by its changing viscosity and shear rate. A broad, diffuse “transition threshold zone” in these graphs portrays the inverse critical relation between viscosity and shear rate; the transition to aa is represented by the path of the lava element crossing this zone.
Moving lava flows can be regarded as natural viscometers, by which shear stress and rate of shear strain at selected points can be determined and viscosity can be computed. By making such determinations under a wide range of conditions on pahoehoe, aa, and transitional flow types, the critical relations that control the pahoehoe-aa transition can be quantified.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(80)90033-5","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.W., and Tilling, R.I., 1980, Transition of basaltic lava from pahoehoe to aa, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Field observations and key factors: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 7, no. 3-4, p. 271-293, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(80)90033-5.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"293","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":" Kilauea Volcano","volume":"7","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb710e4b08c986b327039","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Donald W.","contributorId":11209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":363011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012219,"text":"70012219 - 1980 - Ice-sheet glaciation of the Puget lowland, Washington, during the Vashon Stade (late Pleistocene)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-10T16:48:37.840047","indexId":"70012219","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ice-sheet glaciation of the Puget lowland, Washington, during the Vashon Stade (late Pleistocene)","docAbstract":"During the Vashon Stade of the Fraser Glaciation, about 15,000–13,000 yr B.P., a lobe of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet occupied the Puget lowland of western Washington. At its maximum extent about 14,000 yr ago, the ice sheet extended across the Puget lowland between the Cascade Range and Olympic Mountains and terminated about 80 km south of Seattle. Meltwater streams drained southwest to the Pacific Ocean and built broad outwash trains south of the ice margin. Reconstructed longitudinal profiles for the Puget lobe at its maximum extent are similar to the modern profile of Malaspina Glacier, Alaska, suggesting that the ice sheet may have been in a near-equilibrium state at the glacial maximum. Progressive northward retreat from the terminal zone was accompanied by the development of ice-marginal streams and proglacial lakes that drained southward during initial retreat, but northward during late Vashon time. Relatively rapid retreat of the Juan de Fuca lobe may have contributed to partial stagnation of the northwestern part of the Puget lobe. Final destruction of the Puget lobe occurred when the ice retreated north of Admiralty Inlet. The sea entered the Puget lowland at this time, allowing the deposition of glacial-marine sediments which now occur as high as 50 m altitude. These deposits, together with ice-marginal meltwater channels presumed to have formed above sea level during deglaciation, suggest that a significant amount of postglacial isostatic and(or) tectonic deformation has occurred in the Puget lowland since deglaciation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(80)90059-9","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Thorson, R., 1980, Ice-sheet glaciation of the Puget lowland, Washington, during the Vashon Stade (late Pleistocene): Quaternary Research, v. 13, no. 3, p. 303-321, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(80)90059-9.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"303","endPage":"321","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222468,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget lowland, western Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.12087070552147,\n 48.27218726718516\n ],\n [\n -123.12087070552147,\n 47.13545914239012\n ],\n [\n -121.71374171000068,\n 47.13545914239012\n ],\n [\n -121.71374171000068,\n 48.27218726718516\n ],\n [\n -123.12087070552147,\n 48.27218726718516\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37f5e4b0c8380cd61300","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorson, R.M.","contributorId":74132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}