The United States Geological Survey (USGS), in collaboration with the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC), conducted a two-year study of the beach and nearshore coastal processes for the City of Carpinteria and adjacent beaches. The work was performed in response to and worked directly with the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Project Management Plan (PMP) for the City of Carpinteria: * Carpinteria Shoreline, Santa Barbara County, California PMP (June 2003) www.spl.usace.army.mil/cms/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=487&Itemid=31 The City of Carpinteria has experienced significant erosion and storm damage over the last decade (Figure 1.1). A USACE reconnaissance survey has shown shoreline retreat rates that approach 2 m/yr in some locations. The goals of this project are to analyze historical trends/changes in the beach and nearshore environment, document local wave and tidal currents, and assess current beach and nearshore conditions in terms of grain size, beach size and shape, seasonal changes, and nearshore bathymetry. In summary, this work serves to quantify sediment sources, transport and sinks throughout the study area to support USACE and the City of Carpinteria coastal management activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071412","usgsCitation":"Barnard, P., Revell, D.L., Eshleman, J.L., and Mustain, N., 2008, Carpinteria Coastal Processes Study, 2005-2007: Final report (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1412, viii, 129 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071412.","productDescription":"viii, 129 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403098,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83238.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":10747,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1412/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Carpinteria","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.56832885742186,\n 34.36384353883067\n ],\n [\n -119.46945190429688,\n 34.36384353883067\n ],\n [\n -119.46945190429688,\n 34.410875158356255\n ],\n [\n -119.56832885742186,\n 34.410875158356255\n ],\n [\n -119.56832885742186,\n 34.36384353883067\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5efb08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L.","contributorId":54936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Revell, David L.","contributorId":68832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eshleman, Jodi L.","contributorId":91940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eshleman","given":"Jodi","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mustain, Neomi","contributorId":96777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mustain","given":"Neomi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80900,"text":"ofr20081010 - 2008 - Shear wave structure of Umbria and Marche, Italy, strong motion seismometer sites Affected by the 1997-98 Umbria-Marche, Italy, earthquake sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:57:28","indexId":"ofr20081010","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1010","title":"Shear wave structure of Umbria and Marche, Italy, strong motion seismometer sites Affected by the 1997-98 Umbria-Marche, Italy, earthquake sequence","docAbstract":"A long sequence of earthquakes, eight with magnitudes between 5 and 6, struck the Umbria and Marche regions of central Italy between September 26, 1997 and July 1998. The earthquake swarm caused severe structural damage, particularly to masonry buildings, and resulted in the loss of twelve lives and about 150 injuries. The source of the events was a single seismogenic structure that consists of several faults with a prevailing northwest-southeast strike and crosses the Umbria-Marche border. The focal mechanism of the largest shocks indicates that the events were the product of shallow extensional normal faulting along a NE-SW extension perpendicular to the trend of the Apennines. \r\n\r\nThe network of analog seismometer stations in the Umbria and Marche regions recorded motions of the main September and October 1997 events and a dense array of mobile digital stations, installed since September 29, recorded most of the swarm. The permanent national network Rete Accelerometrica Nazionale (RAN) is administered and maintained by Dipartimento delle Protezione Civile (DPC: Civil Protection Department); the temporary array was managed by Servizio Sismico Nazionale (SSN) in cooperation with small agencies and Universities. ENEA, the operator of many seismometer stations in Umbria, is the public Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment. \r\n\r\nMany of the temporary and permanent stations in the Italian seismic network have little or no characterization of seismic velocities. In this study, we investigated 17 Italian sites using an active-source approach that employs low frequency harmonic waves to measure the dispersive nature of surface waves in the ground. We used the Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave (SASW) approach, coupled with an array of harmonic-wave electro-mechanical sources that are driven in-phase to excite the ground. An inversion algorithm using a non-linear least-squares best-fit method is used to compute shear wave velocities for up to 100 meters of the soil column. A draft report was published in the summer of 2008, followed by a comment period, lengthy discussions with Italian colleagues, and improved knowledge of the subsurface at the sites from soil logs. Four of the sites were reprocessed in order to correct issues with phase unwrapping of the field dispersion curves that complicated the velocity profile calculations at the lowest velocity sites. This report presents the final results from the reprocessing effort.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081010","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R., Scasserra, G., Stewart, J.P., and Lanzo, G., 2008, Shear wave structure of Umbria and Marche, Italy, strong motion seismometer sites Affected by the 1997-98 Umbria-Marche, Italy, earthquake sequence (Version 1.1, revised 2009): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1010, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081010.","productDescription":"51 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1997-09-26","temporalEnd":"1998-07-31","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10743,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1010/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 11,42 ], [ 11,44 ], [ 14,44 ], [ 14,42 ], [ 11,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1, revised 2009","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f4015","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kayen, Robert","contributorId":12030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scasserra, Giuseppe","contributorId":90178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scasserra","given":"Giuseppe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, Jonathan P.","contributorId":100110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7081,"text":"University of California - Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":293790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanzo, Giuseppe","contributorId":63277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanzo","given":"Giuseppe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80901,"text":"ofr20071442 - 2008 - Analysis of a spatial point pattern: Examining the damage to pavement and pipes in Santa Clara Valley resulting from the Loma Prieta earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T18:22:20.732262","indexId":"ofr20071442","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1442","title":"Analysis of a spatial point pattern: Examining the damage to pavement and pipes in Santa Clara Valley resulting from the Loma Prieta earthquake","docAbstract":"This report describes some simple spatial statistical methods to explore the relationships of scattered points to geologic or other features, represented by points, lines, or areas. It also describes statistical methods to search for linear trends and clustered patterns within the scattered point data. Scattered points are often contained within irregularly shaped study areas, necessitating the use of methods largely unexplored in the point pattern literature. The methods take advantage of the power of modern GIS toolkits to numerically approximate the null hypothesis of randomly located data within an irregular study area. Observed distributions can then be compared with the null distribution of a set of randomly located points. The methods are non-parametric and are applicable to irregularly shaped study areas. Patterns within the point data are examined by comparing the distribution of the orientation of the set of vectors defined by each pair of points within the data with the equivalent distribution for a random set of points within the study area. A simple model is proposed to describe linear or clustered structure within scattered data. A scattered data set of damage to pavement and pipes, recorded after the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, is used as an example to demonstrate the analytical techniques. The damage is found to be preferentially located nearer a set of mapped lineaments than randomly scattered damage, suggesting range-front faulting along the base of the Santa Cruz Mountains is related to both the earthquake damage and the mapped lineaments. The damage also exhibit two non-random patterns: a single cluster of damage centered in the town of Los Gatos, California, and a linear alignment of damage along the range front of the Santa Cruz Mountains, California. The linear alignment of damage is strongest between 45° and 50° northwest. This agrees well with the mean trend of the mapped lineaments, measured as 49? northwest.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071442","usgsCitation":"Phelps, G.A., 2008, Analysis of a spatial point pattern: Examining the damage to pavement and pipes in Santa Clara Valley resulting from the Loma Prieta earthquake (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1442, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071442.","productDescription":"51 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":314,"text":"Geophysics Unit of Menlo Park, CA (GUMP)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402615,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83237.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":10744,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1442/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Clara Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.17620849609374,\n 37.19533058280065\n ],\n [\n -121.74087524414064,\n 37.19533058280065\n ],\n [\n -121.74087524414064,\n 37.42906945530332\n ],\n [\n -122.17620849609374,\n 37.42906945530332\n ],\n [\n -122.17620849609374,\n 37.19533058280065\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680ce6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelps, G. A.","contributorId":67107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80887,"text":"ofr20071401 - 2008 - Volcan Baru: Eruptive History and Volcano-Hazards Assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:44","indexId":"ofr20071401","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1401","title":"Volcan Baru: Eruptive History and Volcano-Hazards Assessment","docAbstract":"Volcan Baru is a potentially active volcano in western Panama, about 35 km east of the Costa Rican border. The volcano has had four eruptive episodes during the past 1,600 years, including its most recent eruption about 400?500 years ago. Several other eruptions occurred in the prior 10,000 years. Several seismic swarms in the 20th century and a recent swarm in 2006 serve as reminders of a restless tectonic terrane.\r\n\r\nGiven this history, Volcan Baru likely will erupt again in the near or distant future, following some premonitory period of seismic activity and subtle ground deformation that may last for days or months. Future eruptions will likely be similar to past eruptions?explosive and dangerous to those living on the volcano?s flanks. Outlying towns and cities could endure several years of disruption in the wake of renewed volcanic activity.\r\n\r\nDescribed in this open-file report are reconnaissance mapping and stratigraphic studies, radiocarbon dating, lahar-inundation modeling, and hazard-analysis maps. Existing data have been compiled and included to make this report as comprehensive as possible. The report is prepared in coooperation with National Secretariat for Science, Technology and Innovation (SENACYT) of the Republic of Panama and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071401","collaboration":"Prepared in coooperation with National Secretariat for Science, Technology and Innovation (SENACYT) of the Republic of Panama and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)","usgsCitation":"Sherrod, D.R., Vallance, J.W., Tapia Espinosa, A., and McGeehin, J., 2008, Volcan Baru: Eruptive History and Volcano-Hazards Assessment (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1401, Report: 33 p.; 1 Plate: 32 x 21 inches; Data; Report and plate also available in Spanish, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071401.","productDescription":"Report: 33 p.; 1 Plate: 32 x 21 inches; Data; Report and plate also available in Spanish","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10725,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1401/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83,8.25 ], [ -83,8.75 ], [ -82.25,8.75 ], [ -82.25,8.25 ], [ -83,8.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd930","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vallance, James W. 0000-0002-3083-5469 jvallance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5469","contributorId":547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"James","email":"jvallance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tapia Espinosa, Arkin","contributorId":7384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tapia Espinosa","given":"Arkin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGeehin, John P. 0000-0002-5320-6091 mcgeehin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":3444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John P.","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80885,"text":"ofr20071404 - 2008 - Database for Assessment Unit-Scale Analogs (Exclusive of the United States)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:22","indexId":"ofr20071404","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1404","title":"Database for Assessment Unit-Scale Analogs (Exclusive of the United States)","docAbstract":"This publication presents a database of geologic analogs useful for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources. Particularly in frontier areas, where few oil and gas fields have been discovered, assessment methods such as discovery process models may not be usable. In such cases, comparison of the assessment area to geologically similar but more maturely explored areas may be more appropriate. This analog database consists of 246 assessment units, based on the U.S. Geological Survey 2000 World Petroleum Assessment. Besides geologic data to facilitate comparisons, the database includes data pertaining to numbers and sizes of oil and gas fields and the properties of their produced fluids.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071404","usgsCitation":"Charpentier, R., Klett, T., and Attanasi, E., 2008, Database for Assessment Unit-Scale Analogs (Exclusive of the United States) (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1404, Report: iii, 61 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071404.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 61 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10721,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1404/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db6742f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R. charpentier@usgs.gov","contributorId":934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","email":"charpentier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":293743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klett, T. R. 0000-0001-9779-1168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":83067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Attanasi, Emil 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":1809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80879,"text":"ofr20071438 - 2008 - An Approach to the Classification of Potential Reserve Additions of Giant Oil Fields of the World","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:09","indexId":"ofr20071438","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1438","title":"An Approach to the Classification of Potential Reserve Additions of Giant Oil Fields of the World","docAbstract":"This report contains slides and notes for slides for a presentation given to the Committee on Sustainable Energy and the Ad Hoc Group of Experts on Harmonization of Fossil Energy and Mineral Resources Terminology on 17 October 2007 in Geneva, Switzerland. The presentation describes the U.S. Geological Survey study to characterize and quantify petroleum-reserve additions, and the application of this study to help classify the quantities.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071438","usgsCitation":"Klett, T., and Tennyson, M., 2008, An Approach to the Classification of Potential Reserve Additions of Giant Oil Fields of the World (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1438, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071438.","productDescription":"29 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10708,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1438/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686762","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klett, T. R. 0000-0001-9779-1168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":83067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tennyson, Marilyn E. 0000-0002-5166-2421 tennyson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-2421","contributorId":23564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tennyson","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"tennyson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80880,"text":"ofr20071405 - 2008 - Magnetotelluric Data, San Luis Valley, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:56","indexId":"ofr20071405","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1405","title":"Magnetotelluric Data, San Luis Valley, Colorado","docAbstract":"The San Luis Valley region population is growing. Water shortfalls could have serious consequences. Future growth and land management in the region depend on accurate assessment and protection of the region?s ground-water resources. An important issue in managing the ground-water resources is a better understanding of the hydrogeology of the Santa Fe Group and the nature of the sedimentary deposits that fill the Rio Grande rift, which contain the principal ground-water aquifers. The shallow unconfined aquifer and the deeper confined Santa Fe Group aquifer in the San Luis Basin are the main sources of municipal water for the region.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting a series of multidisciplinary studies of the San Luis Basin located in southern Colorado. Detailed geologic mapping, high-resolution airborne magnetic surveys, gravity surveys, an electromagnetic survey (called magnetotellurics, or MT), and hydrologic and lithologic data are being used to better understand the aquifers. The MT survey primary goal is to map changes in electrical resistivity with depth that are related to differences in rock types. These various rock types help control the properties of aquifers. This report does not include any data interpretation. Its purpose is to release the MT data acquired at 24 stations. Two of the stations were collected near Santa Fe, New Mexico, near deep wildcat wells. Well logs from those wells will help tie future interpretations of this data with geologic units from the Santa Fe Group sediments to Precambrian basement.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071405","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, B.D., and Williams, J.M., 2008, Magnetotelluric Data, San Luis Valley, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1405, 227 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071405.","productDescription":"227 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10709,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1405/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6493d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":293734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Jackie M.","contributorId":11217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Jackie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":293735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81015,"text":"ofr20081007 - 2008 - Assessing the feasibility of native fish reintroductions: a framework and example applied to bull trout in the Clackamas River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:32","indexId":"ofr20081007","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1007","title":"Assessing the feasibility of native fish reintroductions: a framework and example applied to bull trout in the Clackamas River, Oregon","docAbstract":"In a species conservation context, translocations can be an important tool, but they frequently fail to successfully establish new populations. We consider the case of reintroductions for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), a federally-listed threatened species with a widespread but declining distribution in western North America. Our specific objectives in this work were to: 1) develop a general framework for assessing the feasibility of reintroduction for bull trout, 2) provide a detailed example of implementing this framework to assess the feasibility of reintroducing bull trout in the Clackamas River, Oregon, and 3) discuss the implications of this effort in the more general context of fish reintroductions as a conservation tool. Review of several case histories and our assessment of the Clackamas River suggest that an attempt to reintroduce bull trout could be successful, assuming adequate resources are committed to the subsequent stages of implementation, monitoring, and evaluation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081007","usgsCitation":"Dunham, J., and Gallo, K., 2008, Assessing the feasibility of native fish reintroductions: a framework and example applied to bull trout in the Clackamas River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1007, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081007.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":10879,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1007/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":195270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunham, Jason B. 0000-0002-6268-0633 jdunham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":1808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","email":"jdunham@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":294135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallo, Kirsten","contributorId":82414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"Kirsten","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":294136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":86128,"text":"ofr20081245 - 2008 - Techniques for Monitoring Razorback Sucker in the Lower Colorado River, Hoover to Parker Dams, 2006-2007, Final Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:16","indexId":"ofr20081245","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1245","title":"Techniques for Monitoring Razorback Sucker in the Lower Colorado River, Hoover to Parker Dams, 2006-2007, Final Report","docAbstract":"Trammel netting is generally the accepted method of monitoring razorback sucker in reservoirs, but this method is ineffective for monitoring this fish in rivers. Trammel nets set in the current become fouled with debris, and nets set in backwaters capture high numbers of nontarget species. Nontargeted fish composed 97 percent of fish captured in previous studies (1999-2005). In 2005, discovery of a large spawning aggregation of razorback sucker in midchannel near Needles, Calif., prompted the development of more effective methods to monitor this and possibly other riverine fish populations. \r\nThis study examined the effectiveness of four methods of monitoring razorback sucker in a riverine environment. Hoop netting, electrofishing, boat surveys, and aerial photography were evaluated in terms of data accuracy, costs, stress on targeted fish, and effect on nontargeted fish as compared with trammel netting. \r\nTrammel netting in the riverine portion of the Colorado River downstream of Davis Dam, Arizona-Nevada yielded an average of 43 razorback suckers a year (1999 to 2005). Capture rates averaged 0.5 razorback suckers per staff day effort, at a cost exceeding $1,100 per fish. Population estimates calculated for 2003-2005 were 3,570 (95 percent confidence limits [CL] = 1,306i??i??i??-8,925), 1,768 (CL = 878-3,867) and 1,652 (CL = 706-5,164); wide confidence ranges reflect the small sample size. By-catch associated with trammel netting included common carp, game fish and, occasionally, shorebirds, waterfowl, and muskrats. \r\nHoop nets were prone to downstream drift owing to design and anchoring problems aggravated by hydropower ramping. Tests were dropped after the 2006 field season and replaced with electrofishing. \r\nElectrofishing at night during low flow and when spawning razorback suckers moved to the shoreline proved extremely effective. In 2006 and 2007, 263 and 299 (respectively) razorback suckers were taken. Capture rates averaged 8.3 razorback suckers per staff day at a cost of $62 per fish. The adult population was estimated at 1,196 (925-1,546) fish. Compared with trammel netting, confidence limits narrowed substantially, from +or- 500 percent to +or- 30 percent, reflecting more precise estimates. By-catch was limited to two common carp. No recreational game fish, waterfowl, or mammals were captured or handled during use of electrofishing. \r\nAerial photography (2006 and 2007) suggested an annual average of 580 fish detected on imagery. Identification of species was not possible; carp commonly have been mistaken for razorback sucker. Field verification determined that the proportion of razorback suckers to other fish was 3:1. On that basis, we estimated 435 razorback suckers were photographed, which equals 8.4 razorback suckers per staff day at a cost of $78 per fish. The data did not lend itself to population estimates. \r\nFish were more easily identified from boats, where their lateral rather than their dorsal aspect is visible. On average, 888 razorback suckers were positively identified each year. Observation rates averaged 29.6 razorback suckers per staff day at a cost less than $18 per fish observed. Sucker densities averaged 20.5 and 9.6 fish/hectare which equated to an average spawning population at Needles, Calif., of 2,520 in 2006 and 1152 in 2007. The lower 2007 estimate reflected a refinement in sampling approach which removed a sampling bias. \r\nElectrofishing and boat surveys were more cost effective than other methods tested, and they provided more accurate information without the by-catch associated with trammel netting. However, they provided different types of data. Handling fish may be necessary for research purposes but unnecessary for general trend analysis. Electrofishing was extremely effective but can harm fish if not used with caution. Unnecessary electrofishing increases the likelihood of spinal damage and possible damage to eggs and potential young, and it may alter spawning behavior or duration. B","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081245","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, TSC, Denver, Colorado under the Multi-Species Conservation Program Work Task G-3 Adaptive Management Research Project and Conservation Measure RASU-6, Lower Colorado Regional Office, Boulder City, Nevada","usgsCitation":"Mueller, G.A., Wydoski, R., Best, E., Hiebert, S., Lantow, J., Santee, M., Goettlicher, B., and Millosovich, J., 2008, Techniques for Monitoring Razorback Sucker in the Lower Colorado River, Hoover to Parker Dams, 2006-2007, Final Report (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1245, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081245.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11695,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1245/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686189","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, Gordon A.","contributorId":86420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wydoski, Richard","contributorId":14843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wydoski","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Best, Eric","contributorId":39071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Best","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hiebert, Steve","contributorId":52216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiebert","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lantow, Jeff","contributorId":18066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lantow","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Santee, Mark","contributorId":30693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santee","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goettlicher, Bill","contributorId":60723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goettlicher","given":"Bill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Millosovich, Joe","contributorId":20425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millosovich","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":86138,"text":"ofr20081251 - 2008 - Development and Application of a Decision Support System for Water Management Investigations in the Upper Yakima River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:41","indexId":"ofr20081251","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1251","title":"Development and Application of a Decision Support System for Water Management Investigations in the Upper Yakima River, Washington","docAbstract":"The Yakima River Decision Support System (YRDSS) was designed to quantify and display the consequences of different water management scenarios for a variety of state variables in the upper Yakima River Basin, located in central Washington. The impetus for the YRDSS was the Yakima River Basin Water Storage Feasibility Study, which investigated alternatives for providing additional water in the basin for threatened and endangered fish, irrigated agriculture, and municipal water supply. The additional water supplies would be provided by combinations of water exchanges, pumping stations, and off-channel storage facilities, each of which could affect the operations of the Bureau of Reclamation's (BOR) five headwaters reservoirs in the basin. The driver for the YRDSS is RiverWare, a systems-operations model used by BOR to calculate reservoir storage, irrigation deliveries, and streamflow at downstream locations resulting from changes in water supply and reservoir operations. The YRDSS uses output from RiverWare to calculate and summarize changes at 5 important flood plain reaches in the basin to 14 state variables: (1) habitat availability for selected life stages of four salmonid species, (2) spawning-incubation habitat persistence, (3) potential redd scour, (4) maximum water temperatures, (5) outmigration for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) from headwaters reservoirs, (6) outmigration of salmon smolts from Cle Elum Reservoir, (7) frequency of beneficial overbank flooding, (8) frequency of damaging flood events, (9) total deliverable water supply, (10) total water supply deliverable to junior water rights holders, (11) end-of-year reservoir carryover, (12) potential fine sediment transport rates, (13) frequency of events capable of armor layer disruption, and (14) geomorphic work performed during each water year. Output of the YRDSS consists of a series of conditionally formatted scoring tables, wherein the changes to a state variable resulting from an operational scenario are compiled and summarized. Increases in the values for state variables result in their respective backgrounds to turn green in the scoring matrix, whereas decreases in the values for state variables result in their respective backgrounds turning red. This convention was designed to provide decision makers with a quick visual assessment of the overall results of an operating scenario. An evaluation matrix and a variety of weighting strategies to reflect the relative importance of different state variables are also presented as options for further distillation of YRDSS results during the decision-making process.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081251","usgsCitation":"Bovee, K.D., Waddle, T.J., Talbert, C., Hatten, J.R., and Batt, T.R., 2008, Development and Application of a Decision Support System for Water Management Investigations in the Upper Yakima River, Washington (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1251, xviii, 289 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081251.","productDescription":"xviii, 289 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":190632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11705,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1251/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,46 ], [ -121.75,47.5 ], [ -119,47.5 ], [ -119,46 ], [ -121.75,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6672ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bovee, Ken D.","contributorId":100447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovee","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddle, Terry J.","contributorId":43430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talbert, Colin talbertc@usgs.gov","contributorId":4668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbert","given":"Colin","email":"talbertc@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatten, James R. 0000-0003-4676-8093 jhatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-8093","contributorId":3431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatten","given":"James","email":"jhatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Batt, Thomas R. tbatt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batt","given":"Thomas","email":"tbatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":86140,"text":"ofr20081092 - 2008 - Fort Collins Science Center: Fiscal Year 2007 Accomplishments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T19:42:58","indexId":"ofr20081092","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1092","title":"Fort Collins Science Center: Fiscal Year 2007 Accomplishments","docAbstract":"In Fiscal Year 2007 (FY07), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Fort Collins Science Center (FORT) continued research vital to U.S. Department of the Interior science and management needs and associated USGS programmatic goals. FORT work also supported the science needs of other government agencies as well as private cooperators. Specifically, FORT scientific research and technical assistance focused on client and partner needs and goals in the areas of biological information management, fisheries and aquatic systems, invasive species, status and trends of biological resources, terrestrial ecosystems, and wildlife resources. In addition, FORT's 5-year strategic plan was refined to incorporate focus areas identified in the USGS strategic science plan, including ecosystem-landscape analysis, global climate change, and energy and mineral resource development. As a consequence, several science projects initiated in FY07 were either entirely new research dor amplifications of existing work.\r\n\r\nHighlights of FORT project\r\naccomplishments are described below under the USGS science program with which each task is most closely associated. The work of FORT's 6 branches (Aquatic Systems and Technology Applications, Ecosystem Dynamics, Information Science, Invasive Species Science, Policy Analysis and Science Assistance, and Species and Habitats of Federal Interest) often involves major partnerships with other agencies or cooperation with other USGS disciplines (Geology, Geography, Water Resources) and the Geospatial Information Office.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081092","usgsCitation":"Wilson, J., 2008, Fort Collins Science Center: Fiscal Year 2007 Accomplishments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1092, iv, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081092.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p.","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d0e4b07f02db5466e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, J.T.","contributorId":97489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":86127,"text":"ofr20081234 - 2008 - Effects of a 2006 High-Flow Release from Tiber Dam on Channel Morphology at Selected Sites on the Marias River, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:27","indexId":"ofr20081234","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1234","title":"Effects of a 2006 High-Flow Release from Tiber Dam on Channel Morphology at Selected Sites on the Marias River, Montana","docAbstract":"In June 2006, an opportunistic high-flow release was made from Tiber Dam on the Marias River in Mont., to investigate possible alternatives for partially restoring the river's natural flow pattern and variability. At two sites along the river, we measured channel geometry before and after the high-flow release to evaluate channel change and alteration of physical habitat.\r\nStreamflow downstream from Tiber Dam has been stabilized by reduction of high flows and augmentation of low flows. This has produced flood-control benefits as well as some possible adverse environmental effects downstream from the dam. The 2006 high-flow release resulted in a downstream hydrograph with high flows of above-average magnitude in the post-dam flow regime of the Marias River. Timing of the peak and the declining limb of the release hydrograph were very similar to a historical, unregulated hydrograph of the Marias River. Furthermore, the high flow produced many of the qualitative elements of ecologically important physical processes that can be diminished or lost due to flow stabilization downstream from a dam. Typically dry back channels were occupied by flowing water. Islands were inundated, resulting in vegetation removal and sediment accretion that produced new disturbance patches of bare, moist substrate. Cut banks were eroded, and large woody debris was added to the river and redistributed. Flood-plain surfaces were inundated, producing substantial increases in wetted perimeter and spatially distinctive patterns of deposition associated with natural levee formation.\r\nThe scale of the 2006 high flow - in terms of peak magnitude and the lateral extent of bottomland influenced by inundation or lateral channel movement - was roughly an order of magnitude smaller than the scale of an infrequent high flow in the pre-dam regime. Overall extent and composition of riparian vegetation will continue to change under a scaled-down, post-dam flow regime. For example, the importance of the non-native Russian-olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) will likely increase. Reestablishing a more natural pattern of flows, however, should promote the increase of native cottonwood and willow (Salix spp.) in the new-albeit smaller-post-dam riparian ecosystem. A more natural flow regime will also likely provide improved habitat for native fish in the Marias River. Response of fish communities to such flows is the subject of current fisheries studies being conducted in cooperation with Bureau of Reclamation.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081234","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Auble, G.T., and Bowen, Z.H., 2008, Effects of a 2006 High-Flow Release from Tiber Dam on Channel Morphology at Selected Sites on the Marias River, Montana (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1234, Report: v, 39 p.; Text Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081234.","productDescription":"Report: v, 39 p.; Text Files","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-06-01","temporalEnd":"2006-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11694,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1234/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624ca3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50673,"text":"ofr2002290 - 2008 - Radiocarbon dates from volcanic deposits of the Chaos Craigs and Cinder Cone eruptive sequences and other deposits, Lassen Volcanic National Park and vicinity, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-29T18:59:45.399771","indexId":"ofr2002290","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-290","title":"Radiocarbon dates from volcanic deposits of the Chaos Craigs and Cinder Cone eruptive sequences and other deposits, Lassen Volcanic National Park and vicinity, California","docAbstract":"This contribution reports radiocarbon ages obtained from charcoal, wood and other samples collected between 1979 and 2001 in Lassen Volcanic National Park and vicinity and a few samples from other nearby localities. Most of the samples are from the Chaos Crags and Cinder Cone eruptive sequences. Brief summaries are given of the Chaos Crags and Cinder Cone eruptive sequences.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2002290","usgsCitation":"Clynne, M.A., Christiansen, R.L., Trimble, D.A., and McGeehin, J., 2008, Radiocarbon dates from volcanic deposits of the Chaos Craigs and Cinder Cone eruptive sequences and other deposits, Lassen Volcanic National Park and vicinity, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-290, iii, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2002290.","productDescription":"iii, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402709,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83702.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":170038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11384,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-290/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lassen Volcanic National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.66671752929688,\n 40.29419163838167\n ],\n [\n -121.05422973632814,\n 40.29419163838167\n ],\n [\n -121.05422973632814,\n 40.665014570215\n ],\n [\n -121.66671752929688,\n 40.665014570215\n ],\n [\n -121.66671752929688,\n 40.29419163838167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685712","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christiansen, Robert L. 0000-0002-8017-3918 rchris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":4412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Robert","email":"rchris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trimble, Deborah A.","contributorId":68298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trimble","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGeehin, John P. 0000-0002-5320-6091 mcgeehin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":3444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John P.","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":50724,"text":"ofr2002468 - 2008 - Geologic map of Mount St. Helens, Washington prior to the 1980 eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-20T08:14:23","indexId":"ofr2002468","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-468","displayTitle":"Geologic Map of Mount St. Helens, Washington Prior to the 1980 Eruption","title":"Geologic map of Mount St. Helens, Washington prior to the 1980 eruption","docAbstract":"It is rare that a geologic map exists for a volcano prior to such a catastrophic modification as that produced by the eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980. As such, this map provides an important historical record of the volcano prior to that eruption. The map has not been reviewed or checked for conformity to USGS editorial standards or stratigraphic nomenclature, and it has not been digitized. This version of the map is unchanged from that submitted to the USGS for publication shortly after the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens and includes unresolved inconsistencies with the subsequently published work of Crandell (1987) and Mullineaux (1996). Nevertheless, it is the most accurate available depiction of the pre-1980 edifice and is published here for comparison with more recent geologic mapping and historical perspectives.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/ofr2002468","usgsCitation":"Hopson, C., 2008, Geologic map of Mount St. Helens, Washington prior to the 1980 eruption (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-468, 2 Map Sheets: 34 x 44 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2002468.","productDescription":"2 Map Sheets: 34 x 44 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110781,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_84084.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"84084"},{"id":11537,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-468/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"31250","projection":"Polyconic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5,46 ], [ -122.5,46.5 ], [ -122,46.5 ], [ -122,46 ], [ -122.5,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa652","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hopson, Clifford A.","contributorId":36805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopson","given":"Clifford A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80154,"text":"ofr20071086 - 2007 - A Quantitative Threats Analysis for the Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-20T13:34:14.375904","indexId":"ofr20071086","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-20T09:40:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1086","displayTitle":"A Quantitative Threats Analysis for the Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)","title":"A Quantitative Threats Analysis for the Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)","docAbstract":"The Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) is an endangered marine mammal endemic to the southeastern United States. The primary threats to manatee populations are collisions with watercraft and the potential loss of warm-water refuges. For the purposes of listing, recovery, and regulation under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), an understanding of the relative effects of the principal threats is needed. This work is a quantitative approach to threats analysis, grounded in the assumption that an appropriate measure of status under the ESA is based on the risk of extinction, as quantified by the probability of quasi-extinction. This is related to the qualitative threats analyses that are more common under the ESA, but provides an additional level of rigor, objectivity, and integration. In this approach, our philosophy is that analysis of the five threat factors described in Section 4(a)(1) of the ESA can be undertaken within an integrated quantitative framework.\r\n\r\nThe basis of this threats analysis is a comparative population viability analysis. This involves forecasting the Florida manatee population under different scenarios regarding the presence of threats, while accounting for process variation (environmental, demographic, and catastrophic stochasticity) as well as parametric and structural uncertainty. We used the manatee core biological model (CBM) for this viability analysis, and considered the role of five threats: watercraft-related mortality, loss of warm-water habitat in winter, mortality in water-control structures, entanglement, and red tide. All scenarios were run with an underlying parallel structure that allowed a more powerful estimation of the effects of the various threats. The results reflect our understanding of manatee ecology (as captured in the structure of the CBM), our estimates of manatee demography (as described by the parameters in the model), and our characterization of the mechanisms by which the threats act on manatees.\r\n\r\nAs an example of the type of results generated, we estimated that the probability of the manatee population falling to less than 250 adults on either the Atlantic or Gulf coasts (from a current statewide population size of near 3300) within 100 years is 8.6%. Complete removal of the watercraft threat alone would reduce this risk to 0.4%; complete removal of the warm-water threat to 4.2%; removal of both threats would reduce the risk to 0.1%. The modeling approach we have taken also allows us to consider partial removal of threats, as well as removal of multiple threats simultaneously.\r\n\r\nWe believe the measure we have proposed (probability of quasi-extinction over y years, with quasi-extinction defined as dropping below a threshold of z on either coast) is a suitable measure of status that integrates a number of the elements that are relevant to interpretation under the ESA (it directly integrates risk of extinction and reduction of range, and indirectly integrates loss of genetic diversity). But the identification of the time frame of interest and the tolerable risk of quasi-extinction are policy decisions, and an ecology-based quasi-extinction threshold has not yet been determined. We have endeavored to provide results over a wide range of these parameters to give decision-makers useful information to assess status.\r\n\r\nThis assessment of threats suggests that watercraft-related mortality is having the greatest impact on manatee population growth and resilience. Elimination of this single threat would greatly reduce the probability of quasi-extinction. Loss of warm-water is also a significant threat, particularly over the long-term. Red tide and entanglement, while noticeable threats, have had less of an impact on the manatee population. The effect of water control structures may have already been largely mitigated. We did not, however, consider an exhaustive list of threats. Other threats (e.g., reduction of food resources due to storms and development) may play a","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071086","usgsCitation":"Runge, M.C., Sanders-Reed, C., Langtimm, C.A., and Fonnesbeck, C.J., 2007, A Quantitative Threats Analysis for the Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1086, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071086.","productDescription":"34 p.","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1086/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":9967,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1086/ofr20071086.pdf","text":"Report","size":"646 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"publicComments":"Original contributing office: Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","contact":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4965e4b0b290850ef1f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanders-Reed, Carol A.","contributorId":86441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders-Reed","given":"Carol A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langtimm, Catherine A. 0000-0001-8499-5743 clangtimm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":3045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langtimm","given":"Catherine","email":"clangtimm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fonnesbeck, Christopher J.","contributorId":72474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fonnesbeck","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80155,"text":"ofr20071082 - 2007 - A core stochastic population projection model for Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T17:06:03.297476","indexId":"ofr20071082","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-20T09:35:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1082","displayTitle":"A Core Stochastic Population Projection Model for Florida Manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)","title":"A core stochastic population projection model for Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)","docAbstract":"A stochastic, stage-based population model was developed to describe the life history and forecast the population dynamics of the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) in four separate regions of Florida. This population model includes annual variability in survival and reproductive rates, demographic stochasticity, effects of changes in warm-water capacity, and catastrophes. Further, the model explicitly accounts for uncertainty in parameter estimates. This model is meant to serve as a flexible tool for use in assessments relevant to management decision making, and was used in the State of Florida's recent biological status review. The parameter estimates and model structure described herein reflect our understanding of manatee demography at the time that this status review was completed. In the Northwest and Upper St. Johns regions, the model predicts that the populations will increase over time until warm-water capacity is reached, at which point growth will taper off. In the Atlantic region, the model predicts a stable or slightly increasing population over the next decade or so, and then a decrease as industrial warm-water capacity is lost. In the Southwest region, the model predicts a decline over time, driven by high annual mortality in the short-term and exacerbated by loss of industrial warm-water winter refuges over the next 40 years. Statewide, the likelihood of a 50% or greater decline in three manatee generations was 12%; the likelihood of a 20% or greater decline in two generations was 56%. These declines are largely driven by the anticipated loss of warm-water capacity, especially in the Atlantic and Southwest regions. The estimates of probability of extinction within 100 years were 11.9% for the Southwest region, 0.6% for the Northwest, 0.04% for the Atlantic, and <0.02% for the Upper St. Johns. The estimated probability that the statewide population will fall below 1000 animals within 100 years was 2.3%. Thus, while the estimated probability of extinction is low, the model predicts that current and emerging threats are likely to result in a long-term decline in the statewide population and a change in the regional distribution of manatees. Analyses of sensitivity and variance contribution highlight the importance of reducing uncertainty in some life-history parameters, particularly adult survival, temporal variance of adult survival, and long-term warm-water capacity. This core biological model is expected to evolve over time, as better information becomes available about manatees and their habitat, and as new assessment needs arise. We anticipate that this core model will be customized for other state and federal assessments in the near future.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071082","usgsCitation":"Runge, M.C., Sanders-Reed, C., and Fonnesbeck, C.J., 2007, A core stochastic population projection model for Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1082, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071082.","productDescription":"41 p.","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9968,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1082/ofr20071082.pdf","text":"Report","size":"662 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":192152,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1082/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":429342,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1082/OFR2007-1082AppB.xlsx","text":"Appendix B. (XLSX)","size":"16.1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":429341,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1082/OFR2007-1082AppB.pdf","text":"Appendix B. (PDF)","size":"51.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Parameters and their estimates in the CBM"},{"id":429343,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1082/OFR2007-1082AppB.csv","text":"Appendix B. (CSV)","size":"10.2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"}}],"publicComments":"Original contributing office: Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","contact":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4952e4b0b290850ef0c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanders-Reed, Carol A.","contributorId":86441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders-Reed","given":"Carol A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fonnesbeck, Christopher J.","contributorId":72474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fonnesbeck","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":81022,"text":"ofr20071387 - 2007 - Vulnerability of National Park Service beaches to inundation during a direct hurricane landfall: Cumberland Island National Seashore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T19:52:22.547957","indexId":"ofr20071387","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-30T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1387","displayTitle":"Vulnerability of National Park Service Beaches to Inundation during a Direct Hurricane Landfall: Cumberland Island National Seashore","title":"Vulnerability of National Park Service beaches to inundation during a direct hurricane landfall: Cumberland Island National Seashore","docAbstract":"Cumberland Island National Seashore, a barrier-island coastal park in Georgia, is vulnerable to the powerful, sand-moving forces of hurricanes. Waves and storm surge associated with these strong tropical storms are part of the natural process of barrier-island evolution and can cause extensive morphologic changes in coastal parks, leading to reduced visitor accessibility and enjoyment. The vulnerability of park beaches to inundation, and associated extreme coastal change, during a direct hurricane landfall can be assessed by comparing the elevations of storm-induced mean-water levels (storm surge) to the elevations of the crest of the sand dune that defines the beach system. Maps detailing the inundation potential for Category 1-5 hurricanes can be used by park managers to determine the relative vulnerability of various barrier-island parks and to assess which areas of a particular park are more susceptible to inundation and extreme coastal changes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071387","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Stockdon, H.F., Thompson, D.M., and Fauver, L.A., 2007, Vulnerability of National Park Service beaches to inundation during a direct hurricane landfall: Cumberland Island National Seashore: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1387, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071387.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294980,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1387/ofr20071387.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2007-1387"},{"id":190846,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1387/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":10885,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1387/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":415291,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_83413.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Cumberland Island National Seashore","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.55,30.65 ], [ -81.55,31.05 ], [ -81.25,31.05 ], [ -81.25,30.65 ], [ -81.55,30.65 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA 02543
Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA 02543
A change-potential index (CPI) was used to map the susceptibility of the shoreline to future lake-level change within Apostle Islands, Indiana Dunes, and Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshores (NL) along Lake Superior and Lake Michigan. The CPI in the Great Lakes setting ranks the following in terms of their physical contribution to lake-level related coastal change: geomorphology, regional coastal slope, rate and direction (i.e., rise and fall) of relative lake-level change, historical shoreline change rates, annual ice cover and mean significant wave height. The rankings for each input variable were combined, and an index value calculated for 1-minute bins covering the parks. The CPI highlights those regions where the physical effects of lake-level and coastal change might be the greatest. This approach combines the coastal system's potential for change with its natural ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, yielding a quantitative, although relative, measure of the park's natural susceptibility to the effects of lake-level variation. The CPI provides an objective technique for evaluation and long-term planning by scientists and park managers. The CPI is applied to the National Lakeshores of Apostle Islands, Indiana Dunes, and Sleeping Bear Dunes to test this methodology in lake settings. The National Lakeshores in this study consist of sand and gravel beaches, rock outcrops, and dune and glacial bluffs. The areas within these Great Lakes parks that are likely to experience the most lake-levelrelated coastal change are areas of unconsolidated sediment where regional coastal slope is low and wave energy is high.
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Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA 02543
The first National Lidar Initiative meeting was held on February 14-16, 2007 at the USGS National Center in Reston, Virginia. This meeting was a successor to a meeting held September 12, 2006 of several agencies, including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Association of American State Geologists (AASG), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). During the 2006 discussion, the USGS presented a plan to organize a meeting to discuss the feasibility and strategy of a National Lidar Initiative. Originally scheduled as a workshop to be held in June, 2007, the meeting was moved up to February to accommodate the desire of AASG to have talking points available at their Annual Meeting in March, 2007. The original workshop was recast as a meeting of representatives from Federal, State, and local government, and from private industry, to formulate a national initiative with the goal of collecting high resolution, high accuracy light detection and ranging (lidar) data for all 50 states.
\nThe goals of the National Lidar Initiative meeting were to:
\n1) Identify government staff with all scales of applications who are willing to help devise a potential national strategy and communicate the initiative throughout the lidar community.
\n2) Identify points of contact for future meetings, information exchanges, and design teams. \n
3) Compose a document explaining the need of a consistent national lidar dataset.
\n4) Identify champions of this idea who would be willing to work toward funding this effort.
\nThis report is intended to summarize the views expressed by the invited speakers and the participant's discussions on a National Lidar Initiative. It is not intended to be a comprehensive document on the technical aspects of lidar, what lidar can be used for, or the state of the art in lidar technology, although many of these aspects do come through in the views of the presenters.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071189","usgsCitation":"Stoker, J.M., Parrish, J., Gisclair, D., Harding, D., Haugerud, R., Flood, M., Andersen, H., Schuckman, K., Maune, D., Rooney, P., Waters, K., Habib, A., Wiggins, E., Ellingson, B., Jones, B.M., Nechero, S., Nayegandhi, A., Saultz, T., and Lee, G., 2007, Report of the First National Lidar Initiative Meeting, February 14-16, Reston, Va.: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1189, v, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071189.","productDescription":"v, 64 p.","numberOfPages":"69","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071189.PNG"},{"id":277320,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1189/report.pdf"}],"country":"United 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