{"pageNumber":"1560","pageRowStart":"38975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":70012501,"text":"70012501 - 1979 - Origin of reverse-graded bedding in air-fall pumice, Coso Range, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T14:11:33","indexId":"70012501","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of reverse-graded bedding in air-fall pumice, Coso Range, California","docAbstract":"The origin of reverse grading in air-fall pyroclastic deposits has been ascribed to: (1) changing conditions at an erupting vent; (2) deposition in water; or (3) rolling of large clasts over smaller clasts on the surface of a steep slope. Structural features in a deposit of air-fall pumice lapilli in the Coso Range, California, indicate that reverse grading there formed by a fourth mechanism during flow of pumice. Reverse-graded beds in this deposit occur where pumice lapilli fell on slopes at or near the angle of repose and formed as parts of the blanket of accumulating pumice became unstable and flowed downslope. The process of size sorting during such flow is probably analogous to that which sorts sand grains in a reverse fashion during avalanching on the slip faces of sand dunes, attributed by Bagnold (1954a) to a grain-dispersive pressure acting on particles subjected to a shear stress. In view of the several ways in which air-fall pyroclastic debris may become reverse graded, caution is advised in interpretation of the origin of this structure both in modern and in ancient deposits.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(79)90031-3","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Duffield, W.A., Bacon, C., and Roquemore, G., 1979, Origin of reverse-graded bedding in air-fall pumice, Coso Range, California: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 5, no. 1-2, p. 35-48, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(79)90031-3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coso Range","volume":"5","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70f1e4b0c8380cd7635c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffield, W. A.","contributorId":71935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roquemore, G.R.","contributorId":33453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roquemore","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012500,"text":"70012500 - 1979 - Chemical and isotopic prediction of aquifer temperatures in the geothermal system at Long Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:07","indexId":"70012500","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical and isotopic prediction of aquifer temperatures in the geothermal system at Long Valley, California","docAbstract":"Temperatures of aquifers feeding thermal springs and wells in Long Valley, California, estimated using silica and Na-K-Ca geothermometers and warm spring mixing models, range from 160/dg to about 220??C. This information was used to construct a diagram showing enthalpy-chloride relations for the various thermal waters in the Long Valley region. The enthalpy-chloride information suggests that a 282 ?? 10??C aquifer with water containing about 375 mg chloride per kilogram of water is present somewhere deep in the system. That deep water would be related to ??? 220??C Casa Diablo water by mixing with cold water, and to Hot Creek water by first boiling with steam loss and then mixing with cold water. Oxygen and deuterium isotopic data are consistent with that interpretation. An aquifer at 282??C with 375 mg/kg chloride implies a convective heat flow in Long Valley of 6.6 ?? 107 cal/s. ?? 1979.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Fournier, R., Sorey, M., Mariner, R.H., and Truesdell, A., 1979, Chemical and isotopic prediction of aquifer temperatures in the geothermal system at Long Valley, California: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 5, no. 1-2, p. 17-34.","startPage":"17","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f547e4b0c8380cd4c150","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fournier, R.O.","contributorId":73584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mariner, Robert H.","contributorId":81075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Truesdell, A.H.","contributorId":52566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":363760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012499,"text":"70012499 - 1979 - D/H ratios in speleothem fluid inclusions: A guide to variations in the isotopic composition of meteoric precipitation?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-15T00:32:21.598574","indexId":"70012499","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"D/H ratios in speleothem fluid inclusions: A guide to variations in the isotopic composition of meteoric precipitation?","docAbstract":"D/H ratios of fluid inclusion waters extracted from230Th/234U-dated speleothems that were originally deposited under conditions of isotopic equilibrium should provide a direct estimate of the hydrogen isotopic composition of ancient meteoric waters. We present here D/H ratios for 47 fluid inclusion samples from thirteen speleothems deposited over the past 250,000 years at cave sites in Iowa, West Virginia, Kentucky and Missouri. At each site glacial-age waters are depleted in deuterium relative to those of interglacial age. The average interglacial/glacial shift in the hydrogen isotopic composition of meteoric precipitation over ice-free areas of east-central North America is estimated to be −12‰. This shift is consistent with the present climatic models and can be explained in terms of the prevailing pattern of atmospheric circulation and an increased ocean-continent temperature gradient during glacial times which more than compensated for the increase in deuterium content of the world ocean.
As a result of recent advances by carbonate petrologists and geochemists, hydrologists are provided with new insights into the origin and explanation of many aquifer characteristics and hydrologic phenomena. Some major advances include the recognition that: (1) most carbonate sediments are of biological origin; (2) they have a strong bimodal size-distribution; and (3) they originate in warm shallow seas. Although near-surface ocean water is oversaturated with respect to calcite, aragonite, dolomite and magnesite, the magnesium-hydration barrier effectively prevents either the organic or inorganic formation of dolomite and magnesite. Therefore, calcareous plants and animals produce only calcite and aragonite in hard parts of their bodies. Most carbonate aquifers that are composed of sand-size material have a high initial porosity; the sand grains that formed these aquifers originated primarily as small shells, broken shell fragments of larger invertebrates, or as chemically precipitated oolites. Carbonate rocks that originated as fine-grained muds were initially composed primarily of aragonite needles precipitated by algae and have extremely low permeability that requires fracturing and dissolution to develop into aquifers. Upon first emergence, most sand beds and reefs are good aquifers; on the other hand, the clay-sized carbonate material initially has high porosity but low permeability, a poor aquifer property. Without early fracture development in response to influences of tectonic activity these calcilutites would not begin to develop into aquifers. As a result of selective dissolution, inversion of the metastable aragonite to calcite, and recrystallization, the porosity is collected into larger void spaces, which may not change the overall porosity, but greatly increases permeability. Another major process which redistributes porosity and permeability in carbonates is dolomitization, which occurs in a variety of environments. These environments include back-reefs, where reflux dolomites may form, highly alkaline, on-shore and continental lakes, and sabkha flats; these dolomites are typically associated with evaporite minerals. However, these processes cannot account for most of the regionally extensive dolomites in the geologic record. A major environment of regional dolomitization is in the mixing zone (zone of dispersion) where profound changes in mineralogy and redistribution of porosity and permeability occur from the time of early emergence and continuing through the time when the rocks are well-developed aquifers. The reactions and processes, in response to mixing waters of differing chemical composition, include dissolution and precipitation of carbonate minerals in addition to dolomitization. An important control on permeability distribution in a mature aquifer system is the solution of dolomite with concomitant precipitation of calcite in response to gypsum dissolution (dedolomitization). Predictive models developed by mass-transfer calculations demonstrate the controlling reactions in aquifer systems through the constraints of mass balance and chemical equilibrium. An understanding of the origin, chemistry, mineralogy and environments of deposition and accumulation of carbonate minerals together with a comprehension of diagenetic processes that convert the sediments to rocks and geochemical, tectonic and hydrologic phenomena that create voids are important to hydrologists. With this knowledge, hydrologists are better able to predict porosity and permeability distribution in order to manage efficiently a carbonate-aquifer system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0167-5648(09)70022-X","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Hanshaw, B., and Back, W., 1979, Major geochemical processes in the evolution of carbonate-Aquifer systems: Journal of Hydrology, v. 43, no. 1-4, p. 287-312, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5648(09)70022-X.","productDescription":"26 p. ","startPage":"287","endPage":"312","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c10e4b0c8380cd699a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanshaw, B.B.","contributorId":25928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanshaw","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Back, W.","contributorId":33839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70196081,"text":"70196081 - 1979 - The geochemistry of the Fox Hills-Basal Hell Creek Aquifer in southwestern North Dakota and northwestern South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T13:39:38","indexId":"70196081","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geochemistry of the Fox Hills-Basal Hell Creek Aquifer in southwestern North Dakota and northwestern South Dakota","docAbstract":"The Late Cretaceous Fox Hills Formation and the basal portion of the overlying Hell Creek Formation constitute an important aquifer in the Fort Union coal region. Throughout most of southwestern North Dakota and northwestern South Dakota the aquifer is at depths ranging from 1000 to 2000 ft, except for exposures along the Cedar Creek anticline. Water flows in the aquifer from southwest to northeast, with flow rates of a few feet per year. The recharge and discharge areas of the aquifer are separated by a north-south trending transition zone in which significant changes in water chemistry occur. Dissolved constituents in the recharge area (the western part of the study area) are Na+ = 18 mmol/l, Cl− = 0.7 mmol/1, SO42− = 2.7 mmol/1, and HCO3− = 13 mmol/l (δ13C = −12‰) with pH = 8.5. Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ are each less than 0.1 mmol/l, dissolved O2 = 0, and traces of H2S and CH4 are present. Computer modeling and carbon isotope data suggest the following reactions in the recharge area. CO2 derived from lignitic carbon reacts to dissolve carbonate minerals, with cations then being exchanged for Na+ on clay minerals. The high pH in the aquifer is the result of buffering by carbonate-ion exchange equilibria. In the discharge area, pH values have declined to 8.3, Cl− has increased from 0.7 to 5.5 mmol/l, with a parallel increase in Na+ SO42− has essentially disappeared, HCO3− has increased from 13 to 21 mmol/l (δ13C = −9‰), CH4 has attained concentrations greater than 0.5 mmol/l, and small amounts of He are present. Traces of H2S are present, and Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+concentrations remain low throughout the aquifer: These changes can be accounted for by reactions in the aquifer: (1) sulfate reduction to pyrite with lignitic material as the carbon source and (2) continuous buffering of pH by the carbonate-ion exchange equilibria. Chemical and hydrologic data suggest that the increase in NaCl results from upward movement of small volumes of water into the Fox Hills aquifer from the transition zone eastward. Redox reactions in the aquifer are closely analogous to those observed in pore waters of reducing marine sediments. Reactions approach but do not achieve true thermodynamic equilibrium. Measurements of redox potential suggest a downgradient decrease in redox potential. The measurements are not amenable to quantitative interpretation.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/WR015i006p01479","usgsCitation":"Thorstenson, D.C., Fisher, D.W., and Croft, M.G., 1979, The geochemistry of the Fox Hills-Basal Hell Creek Aquifer in southwestern North Dakota and northwestern South Dakota: Water Resources Research, v. 15, no. 6, p. 1479-1498, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR015i006p01479.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1479","endPage":"1498","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff4a4ae4b0da30c1bfdbc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorstenson, Donald C.","contributorId":107323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorstenson","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Donald W.","contributorId":106468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Croft, Mack G.","contributorId":203351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Croft","given":"Mack","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70197172,"text":"70197172 - 1979 - Geomagnetic paleointensities by the Thelliers' method from submarine pillow basalts: Effects of seafloor weathering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-18T15:18:04","indexId":"70197172","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomagnetic paleointensities by the Thelliers' method from submarine pillow basalts: Effects of seafloor weathering","docAbstract":"Measurements of geomagnetic paleointensity using the Thelliers' double‐heating method in vacuum have been made on 10 specimens of submarine pillow basalt obtained from 7 fragments dredged from localities 700,000 years old or younger. In the magnetic minerals, the titanium/iron ratio parameter x and the cation deficiency (oxidation) parameter x were determined by X‐ray diffraction and Curie temperature measurement. Fresh material (z ≅ 0) provided excellent results: most of the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) could be thermally demagnetized before the magnetic minerals became altered, and the NRM‐TRM lines were straight and well constrained, and geologically reasonable paleointensities were obtained. Somewhat oxidized material (z ≅ 0.2) also provided apparently valid paleointensities: values were similar to those from fresh specimens cut from the same fragments, although only half or less of the NRM could be thermally demagnetized before alteration of the magnetic minerals. More highly oxidized material (z ≅ 0.6) gave a result seriously in error: the paleointensity value is much too low, because of continuous disproportionation of titanomaghemite during the heating experiments and because seafloor weathering had decreased the NRM intensity. From limited published data, the extent of oxidation of titanomagnetite to cation deficient titanomaghemite in pillow basalt exposed on the seafloor appears to be approximately z = 0.3 at 0.2–0.5 m.y., z = 0.6 at 1 m.y., and z = 0.8–1.0 at 10–100 m.y. This implies that valid paleointensities can be obtained from exposed submarine basalt, but only if the basalt is younger than a few hundred thousand years. Equally good paleointensities were obtained from strongly magnetized (L‐type) basalt and moderately magnetized (L‐type) basalt. The degree of low‐temperature oxidation of cubic iron‐titanium oxides in submarine basalts correlates very well with the diminution of amplitude of linear magnetic anomalies when both are compared as a function of crustal age. Systematic radial variation of Curie temperature is a primary feature of submarine basalt pillows, so that estimation of the oxidation parameter z from the Curie temperature alone by assuming a value for x can be in error. Reasonably precise and self‐consistent values of both x and z can be obtained if both the cubic cell dimension and the Curie temperature of the cubic oxide are measured.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/JB084iB07p03553","usgsCitation":"Gromme, S., Mankinen, E.A., Marshall, M., and Coe, R.S., 1979, Geomagnetic paleointensities by the Thelliers' method from submarine pillow basalts: Effects of seafloor weathering: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 84, no. B7, p. 3553-3575, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB07p03553.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"3553","endPage":"3575","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354339,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff4a4ae4b0da30c1bfdbc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gromme, Sherman","contributorId":59318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gromme","given":"Sherman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marshall, Monte","contributorId":91116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Monte","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coe, Robert S.","contributorId":20477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":10807,"text":"ofr79685 - 1979 - Digital model of the Bayou Bartholomew alluvial aquifer stream system, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-14T21:31:03.336779","indexId":"ofr79685","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-685","title":"Digital model of the Bayou Bartholomew alluvial aquifer stream system, Arkansas","docAbstract":"A digital model of the Bayou Bartholomew aquifer-stream system in Arkansas was calibrated for the purpose of predicting hydrologic responses to stresses of water development. The simulated-time span for model calibration was from 1953 to 1970, during which time the system was stressed largely by ground- and surface-water diversions for rice irrigation.
The model was calibrated by comparing groundwater-level and streamflow data with model-derived groundwater levels and streamflow. In the calibrated model, the ratio of model-derived to observed streamflows for 17 subbasins averaged 1.1; the ratios among the subbasins ranged from 0.8 to 1.6. The average deviation of the differences between model-derived and observed groundwater levels at 47 nodes was 0.2; the average among the nodes ranged from -2.3 to 10.4. The average standard deviation of the differences between the model-derived and observed groundwater levels was 3.5; the average among the nodes ranged from 0.4 to 10.5.
The model will provide projections of changes in the potentiometric surface resulting from (1) changes in the rate or distribution of groundwater pumpage or (2) changes in the stage of streams and reservoirs. The model will provide only approximate projections of the streamflow.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79685","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Geological Commission","usgsCitation":"Reed, J., and Broom, M.E., 1979, Digital model of the Bayou Bartholomew alluvial aquifer stream system, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-685, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79685.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":466314,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0685/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143869,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0685/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Bayou Bartholomew alluvial aquifer stream system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.2204577284588,\n 34.387761168083614\n ],\n [\n -92.2204577284588,\n 33.00814806284808\n ],\n [\n -90.96476672569646,\n 33.00814806284808\n ],\n [\n -90.96476672569646,\n 34.387761168083614\n ],\n [\n -92.2204577284588,\n 34.387761168083614\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","tableOfContents":"
","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65aa38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, J.E.","contributorId":41801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Broom, Matthew E.","contributorId":101668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broom","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035508,"text":"70035508 - 1979 - b values and ω−γ seismic source models: Implications for tectonic stress variations along active crustal fault zones and the estimation of high-frequency strong ground motion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-15T10:17:18","indexId":"70035508","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"b values and ω−γ seismic source models: Implications for tectonic stress variations along active crustal fault zones and the estimation of high-frequency strong ground motion","docAbstract":"In this study the tectonic stress along active crustal fault zones is taken to be of the form ![\"inline](\"http://api.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/asset/v1/doi/10.1029%2FJB084iB05p02235/asset/equation%2Fjgrb2891-math-0001.gif?l=Cgg2pVVsCMwLOww28sbn56fxTbx6GilFBMCsUrZMoRcYP%2B9NZI%2F0t%2B3p7VO59umu6MIzikkO5ymj%0ANDlW1G0%2F%2BQ%3D%3D\")
, where ![\"inline](\"http://api.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/asset/v1/doi/10.1029%2FJB084iB05p02235/asset/equation%2Fjgrb2891-math-0002.gif?l=Cgg2pVVsCMwLOww28sbn56fxTbx6GilFBMCsUrZMoRcYP%2B9NZI%2F0t%2B3p7VO59umuiedpqT79PPhK%0AOsNB85uCWA%3D%3D\")
is the average tectonic stress at depth y and Δσp(x, y) is a seismologically observable, essentially random function of both fault plane coordinates; the stress differences arising in the course of crustal faulting are derived from Δσp(x, y). Empirically known frequency of occurrence statistics, moment-magnitude relationships, and the constancy of earthquake stress drops may be used to infer that the number of earthquakes N of dimension ≥r is of the form N ∼ 1/r2 and that the spectral composition of Δσp(x, y) is of the form ![\"inline](\"http://api.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/asset/v1/doi/10.1029%2FJB084iB05p02235/asset/equation%2Fjgrb2891-math-0003.gif?l=Cgg2pVVsCMwLOww28sbn56fxTbx6GilFBMCsUrZMoRcYP%2B9NZI%2F0t%2B3p7VO59umusANOiMJ6380O%0AqOQppeWKzQ%3D%3D\")
, where ![\"inline](\"http://api.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/asset/v1/doi/10.1029%2FJB084iB05p02235/asset/equation%2Fjgrb2891-math-0004.gif?l=Cgg2pVVsCMwLOww28sbn56fxTbx6GilFBMCsUrZMoRcYP%2B9NZI%2F0t%2B3p7VO59umuGlAzWdjz2K3Q%0AG1y6nb%2F%2FjA%3D%3D\")
is the two-dimensional Fourier transform of Δσp(x, y) expressed in radial wave number k. The γ = 2 model of the far-field shear wave displacement spectrum is consistent with the spectral composition ![\"inline](\"http://api.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/asset/v1/doi/10.1029%2FJB084iB05p02235/asset/equation%2Fjgrb2891-math-0005.gif?l=Cgg2pVVsCMwLOww28sbn56fxTbx6GilFBMCsUrZMoRcYP%2B9NZI%2F0t%2B3p7VO59umunzw%2FWHTH5Y0K%0AFHvdyv0N%2Fw%3D%3D\")
, provided that the number of contributions to the spectral representation of the radiated field at frequency ƒ goes as (k/k0)2, consistent with the quasi-static frequency of occurrence relation N ∼ 1/r2;k0 is a reference wave number associated with the reciprocal source dimension. Separately, a variety of seismologic observations suggests that the γ = 2 model is the one generally, although certainly not always, applicable to the high-frequency spectral decay of the far-field radiation of earthquakes. In this framework, then, b values near 1, the general validity of the γ = 2 model, and the constancy of earthquake stress drops independent of size are all related to the average spectral composition of![\"inline](\"http://api.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/asset/v1/doi/10.1029%2FJB084iB05p02235/asset/equation%2Fjgrb2891-math-0006.gif?l=Cgg2pVVsCMwLOww28sbn56fxTbx6GilFBMCsUrZMoRcYP%2B9NZI%2F0t%2B3p7VO59umuaobXgGTYfS%2Fs%0AAwMugfb30g%3D%3D\")
. Should one of these change as a result of premonitory effects leading to failure, as has been specifically proposed for b values, it seems likely that one or all of the other characteristics will change as well from their normative values. Irrespective of these associations, the far-field, high-frequency shear radiation for the γ = 2 model in the presence of anelastic attenuation may be interpreted as band-limited, finite duration white noise in acceleration. Its rms value, arms, is given by the expression arms = 0.85[21/2(2π)2/106] (Δσ/ρR)(ƒmax/ƒ0)1/2, where Δσ is the earthquake stress drop, ρ is density, R is hypocentral distance, ƒ0 is the spectral corner frequency, and ƒmax is determined by R and specific attenuation 1/Q. For several reasons, one of which is that it may be estimated in the absence of empirically defined ground motion correlations, arms holds considerable promise as a measure of high-frequency strong ground motion for engineering purposes.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/JB084iB05p02235","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hanks, T.C., 1979, b values and ω−γ seismic source models: Implications for tectonic stress variations along active crustal fault zones and the estimation of high-frequency strong ground motion, v. 84, no. B5, p. 2235-2242, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB05p02235.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2235","endPage":"2242","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216334,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB05p02235"}],"volume":"84","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef79e4b0c8380cd4a26e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C. 0000-0003-0928-0056 thanks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-0056","contributorId":3065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","email":"thanks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185096,"text":"70185096 - 1979 - Tufted Puffins nesting in estuarine habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:35:48","indexId":"70185096","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tufted Puffins nesting in estuarine habitat","docAbstract":"The Tufted Puffin (Lunda cirrhata) apparently has the most extensive breeding distribution of any North Pacific seabird, extending in the western North Pacific from Hokkaido to the north Chukotsk Peninsula on the Chukchi Sea, and in North America from Cape Lisburne on the Chukchi Sea, south to the Farallon Islands off central California (Udvardy 1963). Despite this wide breeding distribution, the reported nesting habitat is generally restricted to steep, rocky islands and continental headlands (see Dement’ev and Gladkov 1951, Kozlova 1957, Gabrielson and Lincoln 1959, Portenko 1973, Sealy 1973, and Sowls et al. 1978). Nests are typically excavated in steep slopes and/or on vegetated plateaus, well above normal tidal influence but occasionally within the spray or storm-wash zone. Nowhere has L. cirrhata or any other puffin species been reported to nest in a flat, estuarine habitat in substrate normally affected by tides during the breeding season. Portenko (1973: 137) refers to Tufted Puffins breeding on Alyumka Island in the Anadyr \"estuary\" (64°40'N, 177°37'E), but Alyumka Island is a rocky coastal island having immediate offshore waters between 3-18 m deep (A.A. Kistchinski, The Ringing Center, Moscow, and George Tyner, U.S. Defense Mapping Agency, pers. comm.).
During the summers of 1976, 1977, and 1978, we found 14-18 pairs of Tufted Puffins nesting on 4 narrow sand islands (5-7 ha each) along the northcentral Alaska Peninsula at Nelson Lagoon (56°00'N, 161°10'W). As of June 1979, 25 active burrows had been reported there (Margaret R. Petersen, pers. comm.). The islands lie approximately 1.3 km from the Bering Sea coast and are protected from the sea by a long, narrow (0.5 kin) sand peninsula. The main deepwater channel in the lagoon, 3-7 m deep and 100-300 m wide at mean low water (MLW), separates the islands from the peninsula. The islands, which are free of permafrost, have a uniformly low profile with the highest elevation 1-2 m above mean high water (MHW) (Fig. 1). Each island is circumscribed by a gently sloping (<5°), narrow (5-15 m) sand/gravel beach that graduates at MLW to intertidal mud- and sandflats. These are extensive on the south and southeast sides (several hundred m) and relatively narrow (10-20 m) on the north and northwest or channel sides. The banks of each island are moderate to near vertical in slope. Puffin burrows face the channel, are located at or near the vegetation/beach interface, and extend into the bank horizontally or slightly downward. Beach rye (Elymus arenarius mollis) grows over most of each island and is used as nesting cover by several hundred Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens) and lesser numbers of Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigra). Predation by gulls on puffin eggs or chicks was not observed, nor did we see gulls rob food from adult puffins returning to their burrows from foraging in the Bering Sea (cf. Nettleship 1972). Puffins were never observed feeding in the lagoon.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., and Sanger, G.A., 1979, Tufted Puffins nesting in estuarine habitat: The Auk, v. 96, no. 4, p. 792-794.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"792","endPage":"794","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337556,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337555,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://americanornithologypubs.org/page/access","text":"Publisher's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nelson Lagoon","volume":"96","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90130e4b0849ce97abd71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanger, Gerald A.","contributorId":10660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanger","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012254,"text":"70012254 - 1979 - Venus: Preliminary topographic and surface imaging results from the Pioneer Orbiter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-14T16:46:16.820158","indexId":"70012254","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Venus: Preliminary topographic and surface imaging results from the Pioneer Orbiter","docAbstract":"Three large Venus surface features, identified previously in images obtained from Earth-based radar observations, are shown by the Pioneer Venus radar mapper to be elevated 5 to 10 kilometers above the surrounding terrain. Two of these features, one bright and the other dark, lie adjacent to each other astride the 65°N parallel between longitudes 310°E and 10°E. The combined region forms a huge tectonically uplifted plateau, surmounted by radar-bright ridges that may have either a volcanic or tectonic origin. The third feature, located at 30°N, 283°E, is radar-bright and may consist of volcanic material extruded along a fault zone. A first radar-scattering image, compiled from data obtained by the mapper in its imaging mode, shows a region north of the equator; several circular depressions seen in this area may result from meteoritic impact.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.205.4401.90","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Pettengill, G., Ford, P., Brown, W., Kaula, W., Masursky, H., Eliason, E., and McGill, G., 1979, Venus: Preliminary topographic and surface imaging results from the Pioneer Orbiter: Science, v. 205, no. 4401, p. 90-93, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.205.4401.90.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"93","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222002,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Venus","volume":"205","issue":"4401","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc214e4b08c986b32a8f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pettengill, G.H.","contributorId":43899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pettengill","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, P.G.","contributorId":62342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, W.E.","contributorId":33447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"W.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaula, W.M.","contributorId":23674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaula","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Masursky, H.","contributorId":33823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masursky","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eliason, E.","contributorId":92796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eliason","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McGill, G.E.","contributorId":14436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGill","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70170232,"text":"70170232 - 1979 - Computers at the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-12T15:19:45","indexId":"70170232","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computers at the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory","docAbstract":"The Worldwide Standardized Seismograph Network (WWSSN) is managed by the U.S Geological Survey in Albuquerque, N. Mex. It consists of a global network of seismographs housed in seismic observatories throughout the world. An important recent addition to this network are the Seismic Research Observatories (SRO) which combine a borehole seismometer with a modern digital data recording system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, J., 1979, Computers at the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 11, no. 4, p. 138-140.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"138","endPage":"140","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"570e1c2ee4b0ef3b7ca24c1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, J.","contributorId":71475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70162343,"text":"70162343 - 1979 - Medication inhibits tolerance to seawater in coho salmon smolts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T15:14:00","indexId":"70162343","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Medication inhibits tolerance to seawater in coho salmon smolts","docAbstract":"Applications of 10 therapeutic and two anesthetic agents to healthy smolts of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) by conventional methods were followed by two different posttreatment circumstances. In condition I, fish were treated and then transferred directly to 28‰ seawater for 10 days; in condition II, fish were treated and held in fresh water for 4 days before their medium was gradually changed over a 4-hour period to 28‰ seawater. In condition I, no mortality occurred among fish treated with 2,4-D, trichlorofon, simazine, quinaldine, or light to moderate doses of MS-222. About 10% mortality occurred among fish treated with formalin and nifurpirinol. High mortality in seawater followed treatments with copper sulfate, hyamine 1622, potassium permanganate, malachite green (one protocol), and heavy doses of MS-222. In condition II, mortality was reduced but still high for copper sulfate and potassium permanganate, much lower for malachite green and hyamine 1622, and zero for the other agents. The results indicate that additional recovery time in fresh water is necessary between some treatments and exposure to salt water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1979)108<63:MITTSI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bouck, G.R., and Johnson, D.A., 1979, Medication inhibits tolerance to seawater in coho salmon smolts: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 108, no. 1, p. 63-66, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1979)108<63:MITTSI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"66","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f4ae4b0961cf2811bfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouck, Gerald R.","contributorId":152420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bouck","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, David A.","contributorId":88683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70169182,"text":"70169182 - 1979 - Earthquakes; March-April, 1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-29T15:38:19","indexId":"70169182","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes; March-April, 1979","docAbstract":"This was a moderately active period, seismically speaking. Three major earthquakes having magnitudes (M) ranging from 7.0 to 7.9 to only one major quake during the first 2 months of the year. Major earthquakes struck in Mexico, Indonesia, and Yugoslavia. The Yugoslavian earthquake caused considerable damage and loss of life.
\nIn the United States, a number of earthquakes were experienced, the most damaging one in southern California on March 15. The aftershocks continued in southeastern Alaska but caused no additional damage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1979, Earthquakes; March-April, 1979: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 11, no. 5, p. 183-186.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"186","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319314,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be3fe4b0f59b85e02e61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70169258,"text":"70169258 - 1979 - The Parkfield prediction experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-05T15:51:08","indexId":"70169258","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Parkfield prediction experiment","docAbstract":"The San Andreas fault is part of the boundary between the Pacific and North American crustal plates. In California, movements of about 3 centimeters per year are currently taking place along the fault, although plat tectonic models suggest a faster rate of 5 cm/yr may be the average over a longer period of time and a broader area.
\nThere are two distinct ways in which movement on the San Andreas occurs. Along most of the fault, slip occurs during infrequent great earthquakes. Examples of these in historic time are the 1857 Fort Tejon and the 1906 San Francisco events. Along these portions of the fault, it appears that, during most of the intervening period between great earthquakes, no slip and few microearthquakes occurred. Strain appears to accumulate at shallow depths in a narrow (50 kilometer) zone adjacent to the fault.
\nAlong a 200-km stretch in central California, however, continuous slip occurs with no observable accumulation of strain. Although there is a high level of microseismicity here, earthquakes larger than magnitude (M) 6 are unknown, and most of the slip occurs aseismically. (Several articles in the Earthquake Information Bulletin in 1978 have covered this topic.)
\nAt the northern end of this creeping zone, the microseismicity and the slip gradually taper to zero over a distance of about 100 km. This segment is the site of frequent earthquakes (every 5-10 years) having magnitudes of 5.5 and less. At the southern end, near the town of Parkfield, the transition occurs in about 40km. This zone is the site of recurring earthquakes of about magnitude 6.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Lindh, A., Evans, P., Harsh, P., and Buhr, G., 1979, The Parkfield prediction experiment: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 11, no. 6, p. 209-213.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"213","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.39779663085936,\n 35.94966229235088\n ],\n [\n -120.51109313964844,\n 35.884043325566886\n ],\n [\n -120.29685974121094,\n 35.70916520463913\n ],\n [\n -120.19180297851561,\n 35.78384180056804\n ],\n [\n -120.39779663085936,\n 35.94966229235088\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be52e4b0f59b85e02f30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindh, A.","contributorId":41591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindh","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, P.","contributorId":167755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harsh, P.","contributorId":59175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harsh","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buhr, G.","contributorId":167756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buhr","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70168595,"text":"70168595 - 1979 - Earthquake predictions using seismic velocity ratios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-22T15:20:02","indexId":"70168595","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake predictions using seismic velocity ratios","docAbstract":"Since the beginning of modern seismology, seismologists have contemplated predicting earthquakes. The usefulness of earthquake predictions to the reduction of human and economic losses and the value of long-range earthquake prediction to planning is obvious. Not as clear are the long-range economic and social impacts of earthquake prediction to a speicifc area. The general consensus of opinion among scientists and government officials, however, is that the quest of earthquake prediction is a worthwhile goal and should be prusued with a sense of urgency.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Sherburne, R.W., 1979, Earthquake predictions using seismic velocity ratios: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 11, no. 1, p. 18-21.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318213,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c99c45e4b059daa47c9aad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherburne, R. W.","contributorId":167096,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sherburne","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70035317,"text":"70035317 - 1979 - Modeling of rock friction 1. Experimental results and constitutive equations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035317","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling of rock friction 1. Experimental results and constitutive equations","docAbstract":"Direct shear experiments on ground surfaces of a granodiorite from Raymond, California, at normal stresses of ??6 MPa demonstrate that competing time, displacement, and velocity effects control rock friction. It is proposed that the strength of the population of points of contacts between sliding surfaces determines frictional strength and that the population of contacts changes continuously with displacements. Previous experiments demonstrate that the strength of the contacts increases with the age of the contacts. The present experiments establish that a characteristic displacement, proportional to surface roughness, is required to change the population of contacts. Hence during slip the average age of the points of contact and therefore frictional strength decrease as slip velocity increases. Displacement weakening and consequently the potential for unstable slip occur whenever displacement reduces the average age of the contacts. In addition to this velocity dependency, which arises from displacement dependency and time dependency, the experiments also show a competing but transient increase in friction whenever slip velocity increases. Creep of the sliding surface at stresses below that for steady state slip is also observed. Constitutive relationships are developed that permit quantitative simulation of the friction versus displacement data as a function of surface roughness and for different time and velocity histories. Unstable slip in experiments is controlled by these constitutive effects and by the stiffness of the experimental system. It is argued that analogous properties control earthquake instability. Copyright ?? 1979 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/JB084iB05p02161","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Dieterich, J.H., 1979, Modeling of rock friction 1. Experimental results and constitutive equations, in Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 84, no. B5, p. 2161-2168, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB05p02161.","startPage":"2161","endPage":"2168","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215492,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB05p02161"},{"id":243302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c16e4b0c8380cd6fa10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dieterich, James H.","contributorId":81614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieterich","given":"James","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70035476,"text":"70035476 - 1979 - Modeling of rock friction 2. Simulation of preseismic slip","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035476","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling of rock friction 2. Simulation of preseismic slip","docAbstract":"The constitutive relations developed in the companion paper are used to model detailed observations of preseismic slip and the onset of unstable slip in biaxial laboratory experiments. The simulations employ a deterministic plane strain finite element model to represent the interactions both within the sliding blocks and between the blocks and the loading apparatus. Both experiments and simulations show that preseismic slip is controlled by initial inhomogeneity of shear stress along the sliding surface relative to the frictional strength. As a consequence of the inhomogeneity, stable slip begins at a point on the surface and the area of slip slowly expands as the external loading increases. A previously proposed correlation between accelerating rates of stable slip and growth of the area of slip is supported by the simulations. In the simulations and in the experiments, unstable slip occurs shortly after a propagating slip event traverses the sliding surface and breaks out at the ends of the sample. In the model the breakout of stable slip causes a sudden acceleration of slip rates. Because of velocity dependency of the constitutive relationship for friction, the rapid acceleration of slip causes a decrease in frictional strength. Instability occurs when the frictional strength decreases with displacement at a rate that exceeds the intrinsic unloading characteristics of the sample and test machine. A simple slider-spring model that does not consider preseismic slip appears to approximate the transition adequately from stable sliding to unstable slip as a function of normal stress, machine stiffness, and surface roughness for small samples. However, for large samples and for natural faults the simulations suggest that the simple model may be inaccurate because it does not take into account potentially large preseismic displacements that will alter the friction parameters prior to instability. Copyright ?? 1979 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/JB084iB05p02169","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Dieterich, J.H., 1979, Modeling of rock friction 2. Simulation of preseismic slip, in Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 84, no. B5, p. 2169-2175, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB05p02169.","startPage":"2169","endPage":"2175","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480608,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/jb084ib05p02169","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215137,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB05p02169"},{"id":242915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c17e4b0c8380cd6fa16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dieterich, James H.","contributorId":81614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieterich","given":"James","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70196004,"text":"70196004 - 1978 - Numerical simulation of steady state three-dimensional groundwater flow near lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T11:48:38","indexId":"70196004","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical simulation of steady state three-dimensional groundwater flow near lakes","docAbstract":"Numerical simulation of three-dimensional groundwater flow near lakes shows that the continuity of the boundary encompassing the local groundwater flow system associated with a lake is the key to understanding the interaction of a lake with the groundwater system. The continuity of the boundary can be determined by the presence of a stagnation zone coinciding with the side of the lake nearest the downgradient side of the groundwater system. For most settings modeled in this study the stagnation zone underlies the lakeshore, and it generally follows its curvature. The length of the stagnation zone is controlled by the geometry of the lake's drainage basin divide on the side of the lake nearest the downgradient side of the groundwater system. In the case of lakes that lose water to the groundwater system, three-dimensional modeling also allows for estimating the area of lake bed through which outseepage takes place. Analysis of the effects of size and lateral and vertical distribution of aquifers within the groundwater system on the outseepage from lakes shows that the position of the center point of the aquifer relative to the littoral zone on the side of the lake nearest the downgradient side of the groundwater system is a critical factor. If the center point is downslope from this part of the littoral zone, the local flow system boundary tends to be weak or outseepage occurs. If the center point is upslope from this littoral zone, the stagnation zone tends to be stronger (to have a higher head in relation to lake level), and outseepage is unlikely to occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/WR014i002p00245","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., 1978, Numerical simulation of steady state three-dimensional groundwater flow near lakes: Water Resources Research, v. 14, no. 2, p. 245-254, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR014i002p00245.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"254","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352436,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff4d62e4b0da30c1bfdc22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047582,"text":"70047582 - 1978 - Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8823,"text":"ofr77136 - 1977 - Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","indexId":"ofr77136","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047582,"text":"70047582 - 1978 - Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","indexId":"70047582","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-25T15:48:58.755919","indexId":"70047582","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T15:27:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","docAbstract":"Three seismic reflectors are present throughout the lower Cook Inlet basin and can be correlated with onshore geologic features. The reflections come from unconformities at the base of the Tertiary sequence, at the base of Upper Cretaceous rocks, and near the base of Upper Jurassic strata.
A contour map of the deepest horizon shows that Mesozoic rocks are formed into a northeast-trending syncline. Along the southeast flank of the basin, the northwest-dipping Mesozoic rocks are truncated at the base of Tertiary rocks.
The Augustine-Seldovia arch trends across the basin axis between Augustine Island and Seldovia. Tertiary rocks thin onto the arch from the north and south. Numerous anticlines, smaller in structural relief and breadth than the Augustine-Seldovia arch, trend northeast parallel with the basin, and intersect the arch at oblique angles.
The stratigraphic record shows four cycles of sedimentation and tectonism that are bounded by three regional unconformities in lower Cook Inlet and by four thrust faults and the modern Benioff zone in flysch rocks of the Kenai Peninsula and the Gulf of Alaska. The four cycles of sedimentation are, from oldest to youngest, the early Mesozoic, late Mesozoic, early Cenozoic, and late Cenozoic.
Data on organic geochemistry of the rocks from one well suggest that Middle Jurassic strata may be a source of hydrocarbons. Seismic data show that structural traps are formed by northeast-trending anticlines and by structures formed at the intersections of these anticlines with the transbasin arch. Stratigraphic traps may be formed beneath the unconformity at the base of Tertiary strata and beneath unconformities within Mesozoic strata.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/C1EA4851-16C9-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Fisher, M.A., and Magoon, L.B., 1978, Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 62, no. 3, p. 373-402, https://doi.org/10.1306/C1EA4851-16C9-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"402","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":276552,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -154.5,58.0 ], [ -154.5,60.0 ], [ -151.5,60.0 ], [ -151.5,58.0 ], [ -154.5,58.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"62","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520a03ebe4b0026c2bc11b5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, Michael A. mfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":1991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Michael","email":"mfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":482453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magoon, Leslie B. lmagoon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"Leslie","email":"lmagoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":482452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70046167,"text":"70046167 - 1978 - Morphology of chasma walls, Mars","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":48332,"text":"ofr77678 - 1977 - Morphology of chasma walls, Mars","indexId":"ofr77678","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Morphology of chasma walls, Mars"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70046167,"text":"70046167 - 1978 - Morphology of chasma walls, Mars","indexId":"70046167","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Morphology of chasma walls, Mars"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T09:54:15","indexId":"70046167","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphology of chasma walls, Mars","docAbstract":"The landforms developed on the walls of the Valles Marineris system of chasmas are of three major types, which are locally transitional. The most common type is composed of steep spurs and gullies. The dominant process in the formation or modification of this type appears to be the downslope movement of. material under the influence of gravity, resulting in the accumulation of extensive talus deposits. The type is morphologically similar to high, steep terrestrial scarps in desert or alpine environments. The second morphologic type consists of walls dissected by tributary canyons with characteristic V-shaped cross profiles and blunt canyon heads that locally contain lobate deposits. The tributary canyons may be relict features of the time, when the existence of running water was possible on the surface of Mars. The third morphologic type consists of landslide scars forming broad curved or straight recessed sections of chasma wall. This type is accompanied by landslide deposits that form hummocky floors at the base of the recessed sections. The landslides developed at the expense of other wall morphologies. Chains of rimless depressions and craters that parallel the main structural trends of the chasmas are best interpreted as collapse holes. The origin of the chasmas on Mars is conjectural and may have been structural (grabens), but, on the basis of morphologic studies of their walls, it is suggested that most of the present wall configuration is the result of erosional scarp retreat, where erosion follows preestablished structural planes of weakness.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, B.K., 1978, Morphology of chasma walls, Mars: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 5, p. 651-662.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"651","endPage":"662","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272961,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue5/report.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"6","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a7236ae4b09db86f875d0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, Baerbel K. blucchitta@usgs.gov","contributorId":3649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"Baerbel","email":"blucchitta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038340,"text":"70038340 - 1978 - Water resources inventory of Connecticut Part 8: Quinnipiac River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-27T15:17:28","indexId":"70038340","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T10:04:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":108,"text":"Connecticut Water Resources Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"27","title":"Water resources inventory of Connecticut Part 8: Quinnipiac River basin","docAbstract":"The Quinnipiac River basin area in southcentral Connecticut covers 363 square miles, and includes all drainage basins that enter Long Island Sound from the Branford to the Wepawaug Rivers. Its population in 1970 was estimated at 535,000. Precipitation averages 47 inches per year and provides an abundant supply of water. Twenty-one inches returns to the atmosphere as evapotranspiration; the remainder flows directly to streams or percolates to the water table and discharges to Long Island Sound. Small amounts of water are exported from the basin by the New Britain Water Department, and small amounts are imported to the basin by the New Haven Water Company.
\n
\nThe amount of water that can be developed at a given place depends upon precipitation, variability of streamflow, hydraulic properties and areal extent of the aquifers, and hydraulic connection between the aquifers and major streams. The quality of the water is determined by the physical environment and the effects of man.
\n
\nStratified drift is the only aquifer capable of large sustained yields of water to individual wells. Yields of 64 screened wells tapping stratified drift range from 17 to 2,000 gpm (gallons per minute); their median yield is 500 gpm.
\n
\nTill is widespread and generally provides only small amounts of water. Wells in till normally yield only a few hundred gallons of water daily and commonly are inadequate during dry periods. Till is generally used only as an emergency or secondary source of water.
\n
\nBedrock aquifers underlie the entire report area and include sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rock types. These aquifers supply small but reliable quantities of water to wells throughout the basin and are the chief source for many nonurban homes and farms. About 90 percent of the wells tapping bedrock yield at least 2 pgm, and much larger yields are occasionally reported. Maximum well yields of 305 gpm for sedimentary, 75 gpm for igneous, and 200 gpm for metamorphic bedrock have been reported.
\n
\nWater potentially available from stratified drift was estimated on the basis of hydraulic characteristics of the aquifers and evaluation of natural and induced recharge. Long-term yields estimated for 14 favorable areas of stratified drift range from 0.8 to 16.1 mgd (million gallons per day), but detailed verification studies are needed before development.
\n
\nThe natural quality of water in the report area is good. The water is generally low in dissolved solid and is soft to moderately hard. Surface water is less mineralized than ground water, especially during high flow when it is primarily surface runoff. A median dissolved-solids concentration of 117 mg/l (milligrams per liter) and a median hardness of 58 mg/l was determined for water samples collected at 20 sites on 16 streams during high flow. A median dissolved-solids concentration of 146 mg/l and a median hardness of 82 mg/l was determined for samples collected at the same sites during low flow. In contrast water from 130 wells had a median dissolved-solids concentration of 188 mg/l and a median hardness of 110 mg/l.
\n
\nIron and manganese occur in objectionable concentrations in parts of the report area, particularly in water from streams draining swamps and in water from aquifers rich in iron- and manganese-bearing minerals. Concentrations of iron in excess of 0.3 mg/l were found in 40 percent of the high-streamflow samples, 59 percent of the low-streamflow samples and 20 percent of the ground-water samples.
\n
\nHuman activities have modified the quality of water in much of the basin. Wide and erratic fluctuations in concentration of dissolved solids in streams, high bacterial content of the Quinnipiac River, and locally high nitrate and chloride concentrations in ground water are evidence of man's influence. Streams, wetlands, and some aquifers along the southern boundary of the basin contain salty water. Overpumping has caused extensive saltwater intrusion in aquifers in the southern and eastern parts of New Haven.
\n
\nThe total amount of fresh water used in the area during 1970 is estimated at 35,710 million gallons, or 183 gallons per day per capita. Public water-supply systems met the domestic requirements of about 90 percent of the population; all the systems supplied water that met the drinking water standards of the Connecticut Department of Health.
","language":"English","publisher":"Connecituct Department of Environmental Protection","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Mazzaferro, D.L., Handman, E.H., and Thomas, M.P., 1978, Water resources inventory of Connecticut Part 8: Quinnipiac River basin: Connecticut Water Resources Bulletin 27, Report: v, 86 p.; 5 Plates: 31.07 x 54.28 inches and smaller.","productDescription":"Report: v, 86 p.; 5 Plates: 31.07 x 54.28 inches and smaller","numberOfPages":"96","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":258819,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ctwrb/0027/report.pdf","size":"33897","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ctwrb/0027/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":286041,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038340/plate-c.pdf"},{"id":286042,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038340/plate-d.pdf"},{"id":286043,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038340/plate-e.pdf"},{"id":286039,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038340/plate-a.pdf"},{"id":286040,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038340/plate-b.pdf"}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Quinnipiac River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.083333,41.183333 ], [ -73.083333,41.708333 ], [ -72.683333,41.708333 ], [ -72.683333,41.183333 ], [ -73.083333,41.183333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcb7ee4b08c986b32d69c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mazzaferro, David L.","contributorId":89539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzaferro","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handman, Elinor H.","contributorId":31748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handman","given":"Elinor","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, Mendall P.","contributorId":104314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Mendall","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70000730,"text":"70000730 - 1978 - Workshop on Deposit Modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"70000730","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-28T23:09:27","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Workshop on Deposit Modeling","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02461982","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M., Botbol, J., Eckstrand, O., Gaal, G., Maignan, M., Pantazis, T., and Sinding-Larsen, R., 1978, Workshop on Deposit Modeling: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 10, no. 5, p. 519-531, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02461982.","startPage":"519","endPage":"531","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":203343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19010,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02461982"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df760","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, M.V.","contributorId":28719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Botbol, J.M.","contributorId":46944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Botbol","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eckstrand, O.R.","contributorId":33433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckstrand","given":"O.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaal, G.","contributorId":28720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaal","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maignan, M.","contributorId":90439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maignan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pantazis, Th.","contributorId":19676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pantazis","given":"Th.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sinding-Larsen, R.","contributorId":102986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinding-Larsen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":5221156,"text":"5221156 - 1978 - Howling at two Minnesota wolf pack summer homesites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T00:39:30.734114","indexId":"5221156","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:32","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Howling at two Minnesota wolf pack summer homesites","docAbstract":"Howling sessions were monitored at two Minnesota wolf pack homesites for 2255 h between 29 April and 3 August 1973. All sessions recorded occurred from dusk through early morning, with an evening peak for one pack. Within a night, multiple sessions were grouped temporally, most occurring within an hour of one another. Howling rates for both packs increased throughout the homesite season, with the larger pack howling twice as frequently. The role of howling in both intrapack and interpack contexts was considered. Much of the howling seemed to be involved in the coordination of pack activities. Further, the low frequency and clumped temporal distribution of sessions suggest that howling plays a secondary role in interpack contexts to other modes such as scent marking during the homesite season, but may increase in relative importance once homesites are abandoned and pack travel becomes nomadic.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z78-272","usgsCitation":"Harrington, F., and Mech, L., 1978, Howling at two Minnesota wolf pack summer homesites: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 56, no. 9, p. 2024-2028, https://doi.org/10.1139/z78-272.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2024","endPage":"2028","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193983,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8865","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrington, F.H.","contributorId":14524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrington","given":"F.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221415,"text":"5221415 - 1978 - Histopathologic effects of dietary cadmium on kidneys and testes of mallard ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T16:42:39.889389","indexId":"5221415","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2480,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Histopathologic effects of dietary cadmium on kidneys and testes of mallard ducks","docAbstract":"Mallard ducks fed 2, 20, or 200 ppm cadmium chloride were sacrificed at 30, 60, and 90 d. No mortality occurred during the study and body weights remained unchanged. Kidney weights of the 200-ppm group were significantly greater after 60 and 90 d than those of controls; also, testis weights were significantly lower after 90 d. Kidneys of ducks fed 2 and 20 ppm cadmium were relatively unaffected; however, slight to severe kidney lesions were found in the 200-ppm group after 60 d of treatment. No significant lesions were found in mallard testes after feeding 2 ppm cadmium in the diet, and only a few birds in the 20-ppm group showed slight to moderate gonad alterations. After 90 d of treatment, however, testes of males fed 200 ppm had atrophied and the spermatogenic process had ceased. This study should provide important information for the interpretation of cadmium levels found in kidneys and testes of wild ducks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/15287397809529678","usgsCitation":"White, D.H., Finley, M.T., and Ferrell, J.F., 1978, Histopathologic effects of dietary cadmium on kidneys and testes of mallard ducks: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, v. 4, no. 4, p. 551-558, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287397809529678.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"551","endPage":"558","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6886c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":97868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finley, M. T.","contributorId":40297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finley","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrell, J. F.","contributorId":101355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}