{"pageNumber":"1561","pageRowStart":"39000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":41062,"records":[{"id":2000023,"text":"2000023 - 1980 - Minimum size limits for yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in western Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:55","indexId":"2000023","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":222,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"39","title":"Minimum size limits for yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in western Lake Erie","docAbstract":"During the 1960's yellow perch (Perca flavescens) of Lake Erie supported a commercial fishery that produced an average annual catch of 23 million pounds, as well as a modest sport fishery. Since 1969, the resource has seriously deteriorated. Commercial landings amounted to only 6 million pounds in 1976, and included proportionally more immature perch than in the 1960's. Moreover, no strong year classes were produced between 1965 and 1975. An interagency technical committee was appointed in 1975 by the Lake Erie Committee of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission to develop an interim management strategy that would provide for greater protection of perch in western Lake Erie, where declines have been the most severe. The committee first determined the age structure, growth and mortality rates, maturation schedule, and length-fecundity relationship for the population, and then applied Ricker-type equilibrium yield models to determine the effects of various minimum length limits on yield, production, average stock weight, potential egg deposition, and the Abrosov spawning frequency indicator (average number of spawning opportunities per female). The committee recommended increasing the minimum length limit of 5.0 inches to at least 8.5 inches. Theoretically, this change would increase the average stock weight by 36% and potential egg deposition by 44%, without significantly decreasing yield. Abrosov's spawning frequency indicator would rise from the existing 0.6 to about 1.2.","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Hartman, W.L., Nepszy, S.J., and Scholl, R.L., 1980, Minimum size limits for yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in western Lake Erie: Technical Report 39, 32 p.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":91891,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/pubs/TechReports/Tr39.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":198449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f418e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartman, Wilbur L.","contributorId":14763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"Wilbur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nepszy, Stephen J.","contributorId":40548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nepszy","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scholl, Russell L.","contributorId":26269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1007466,"text":"1007466 - 1980 - Travel time variation on backcountry trails","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T14:54:20.349626","indexId":"1007466","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2369,"text":"Journal of Leisure Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Travel time variation on backcountry trails","docAbstract":"

Numerous interrelated factors influence the travel times of hikers and riders on backcountry trails. This study sought to quantify those factors which were thought to be most important in affecting trail speeds. The travel times of 897 backpacking parties, 634 day hiking parties, and 111 riding parties were obtained from gentle (0.75%), moderate (5.0%), and steep (12.5%) trail segments one mile in length. The significance of party size, direction of travel, and slope class were tested for each type of party.

It took an average of 34.8 minutes for backpacking parties, 36.4 minutes for day hiking parties, and 27.3 minutes for horse parties to travel all of the sample trail segments. Party size was not significant for all three types of parties, and slope-direction class was significant for only backpacking parties. For these parties, average times for uphill travel were greater than downhill travel and time increased as the slope increased. Regression equations were developed for backpacker travel times as a function of direction of travel and slope. The application of these data are discussed in relation to a wilderness use simulation model developed by the Forest Service and Resources for the Future.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00222216.1980.11969429","usgsCitation":"van Wagtendonk, J., and Benedict, J., 1980, Travel time variation on backcountry trails: Journal of Leisure Research, v. 12, no. 2, p. 99-106, https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1980.11969429.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130052,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626a50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":85111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benedict, J.M.","contributorId":20693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000469,"text":"1000469 - 1980 - Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) populations in Lake Michigan, 1971-78","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T09:03:44","indexId":"1000469","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) populations in Lake Michigan, 1971-78","docAbstract":"

Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) was exterminated in Lake Michigan by the mid-1950s as a result of the combined effects of an intensive fishery and predation by the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). The widespread application of lampricide in tributary streams had greatly reduced the abundance of lampreys by the early 1960s, and a program to restore self-sustaining populations of lake trout through stocking of yearlings and fingerlings was initiated in 1965. Although the hatchery-reared fish spawned widely in Lake Michigan each year after 1970, no progeny were observed except in an isolated area in Grand Traverse Bay. During 1971–78, sea lamprey abundance was generally greater in Wisconsin than in other parts of the lake. However, the rate of occurrence of sea lamprey wounds on lake trout dropped dramatically there in 1978 after the Peshtigo River, a tributary to Green Bay, was treated with lampricide. Application of Lake Michigan wounding rates to a regression model relating mortality to lamprey wounding developed from Lake Superior data, yielded lamprey-induced mortality estimates in 1977 of 5% in Michigan plus Indiana (combined) and 31% in Wisconsin; corresponding estimates for 1978 were 5 and 15%.Key words: lake trout, sea lamprey predation, abundance, Lake Michigan

","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f80-244","usgsCitation":"Wells, L., 1980, Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) populations in Lake Michigan, 1971-78: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 37, no. 11, p. 2047-2051, https://doi.org/10.1139/f80-244.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2047","endPage":"2051","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b14b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, LaRue","contributorId":75476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"LaRue","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012313,"text":"70012313 - 1980 - Geochemistry, strontium isotope data, and potassium-argon ages of the andesite-rhyolite association in the Padang area, West Sumatra","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:07","indexId":"70012313","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry, strontium isotope data, and potassium-argon ages of the andesite-rhyolite association in the Padang area, West Sumatra","docAbstract":"Quaternary volcanoes in the Padang area on the west coast of Sumatra have produced two-pyroxene, calc-alkaline andesite and volumetrically subordinate rhyolitic and andesitic ash-flow tuffs. A sequence of andesite (pre-caldera), rhyolitic tuff and andesitic tuff, in decreasing order of age, is related to Maninjau caldera. Andesite compositions range from 55.0 to 61.2% SiO2 and from 1.13 to 2.05% K2O. Six K-Ar whole-rock age determinations on andesites show a range of 0.27 ?? 0.12 to 0.83 ?? 0.42 m.y.; a single determination on the rhyolitic ashflow tuff gave 0.28 ?? 0.12 m.y. Eight 57Sr/26Sr ratios on andesites and rhyolite tuff west of the Semangko fault zone are in the range 0.7056 - 0.7066. These ratios are higher than those elsewhere in the Sunda arc but are comparable to the Taupo volcanic zone of New Zealand and calc-alkaline volcanics of continental margins. An 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7048 on G. Sirabungan east of the Semangko fault is similar to an earlier determination on nearby G. Marapi (0.7047), and agrees with 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the rest of the Sunda arc. The reason for this distribution of 87Sr/86Sr ratios is unknown. The high 87Sr/86Sr ratios are tentatively regarded to reflect a crustal source for the andesites, while moderately fractionated REE patterns with pronounced negative Eu anomalies suggest a residue enriched in plagioclase with hornblende and/or pyroxenes. Generation of associated andesite and rhyolite could have been caused by hydrous fractional melting of andesite or volcanogenic sediments under adiabatic decompression. ?? 1980.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Leo, G.W., Hedge, C., and Marvin, R.F., 1980, Geochemistry, strontium isotope data, and potassium-argon ages of the andesite-rhyolite association in the Padang area, West Sumatra: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 7, no. 1-2, p. 139-156.","startPage":"139","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a172de4b0c8380cd553f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leo, G. W.","contributorId":102899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leo","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hedge, C. E.","contributorId":73611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedge","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marvin, R. F.","contributorId":60597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175086,"text":"70175086 - 1980 - The behavior of 14C and 13C in estuarine water: Effects of In situ CO2 production and atmospheric exchange","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-28T14:11:48","indexId":"70175086","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3225,"text":"Radiocarbon","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The behavior of 14C and 13C in estuarine water: Effects of In situ CO2 production and atmospheric exchange","docAbstract":"

The effects of nonconservative sources (inputs) and sinks (outputs) of carbon are indicated by the behavior of Δ14C and δ13C of the total dissolved inorganic carbon (ΣCO2) in San Francisco Bay and Chesapeake Bay. Isotopic distributions and model calculations indicate that in North San Francisco Bay the net CO2 flux to the atmosphere and carbon utilization in the water column are balanced by benthic production. Municipal waste appears to be a dominant source in South San Francisco Bav. In Chesapeake Bay, atmospheric exchange has increased the Δ14C and δ13C in the surface water. Decomposition of organic matter in the water column is indicated to be the dominant source of excess ΣCO2 in the deep water.

\n

 

","language":"English","publisher":"The American Journal of Science","doi":"10.1017/S0033822200010018","usgsCitation":"Spiker, E.C., 1980, The behavior of 14C and 13C in estuarine water: Effects of In situ CO2 production and atmospheric exchange: Radiocarbon, v. 22, no. 3, p. 647-654, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200010018.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"647","endPage":"654","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200010018","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":325789,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b2cb5e4b0589fa1c980df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spiker, Elliott C.","contributorId":50174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spiker","given":"Elliott","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70169178,"text":"70169178 - 1980 - Earthquakes, January-February, 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-29T15:23:27","indexId":"70169178","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes, January-February, 1980","docAbstract":"

Two major earthquakes (magntidue 7.0-7.9) occurred during this reporting period. The first struck in the North Atlantic Ocean in the Azores Islands on News Year's Day, causing fatalities and damage. The second major quake was on February 24 in the sparsely populated Kuril Islands of the northwest Pacific. A magnitude (M) 6.9 earthuqkae occurred on January 2 in the Philippine Islands, and A M=6.5 quake was expereinced in the Macquarie Island region on February 7.

\n

In the United States, California was seismically active; four moderate (M=5-5.9) earthquakes, two occuring on January 24 and one each on February 23 and 25, caused injuries and damage. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1980, Earthquakes, January-February, 1980: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 12, no. 5, p. 200-202.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"202","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be33e4b0f59b85e02de3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70169177,"text":"70169177 - 1980 - Earthquakes, July-August, 1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-29T15:18:57","indexId":"70169177","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes, July-August, 1979","docAbstract":"

There was one major (magnitude 7.0-7.9) earthquake during this reporting period. The quake occurred on August 26 in the Philippine Islands. Strong or damaging earthquakes, which struck many parts of the world, caused casualties and damage; deaths were reported in China and Kashmir, and damaging earthquakes occurred in Costa Rica, Panama, northern China.

\n

In the United States, on August 6, central California experienced a moderately strong earthquake, which injured several people and caused some damage. A number of earthquakes occurred in other parts of the United States but caused very little damage. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1980, Earthquakes, July-August, 1979: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 12, no. 1, p. 36-39.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"39","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be33e4b0f59b85e02de7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174353,"text":"70174353 - 1980 - Modeling of environmental hydrodynamics and field data requirements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T16:36:05","indexId":"70174353","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling of environmental hydrodynamics and field data requirements","docAbstract":"

No abstract available 

","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, 3rd International Conference on Finite Elements in Flow Problems","conferenceTitle":"3rd International Conference on Finite Elements in Flow Problems","conferenceLocation":"Banff, Canada","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Cheng, R.T., 1980, Modeling of environmental hydrodynamics and field data requirements, in Proceedings, 3rd International Conference on Finite Elements in Flow Problems, Banff, Canada, p. 43-53.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324970,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780cebae4b0811616822379","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174409,"text":"70174409 - 1980 - Accuracy of an estuarine hydrodynamic model using smooth elements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T12:30:47","indexId":"70174409","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accuracy of an estuarine hydrodynamic model using smooth elements","docAbstract":"

A finite element model which uses triangular, isoparametric elements with quadratic basis functions for the two velocity components and linear basis functions for water surface elevation is used in the computation of shallow water wave motions. Specifically addressed are two common uncertainties in this class of two-dimensional hydrodynamic models: the treatment of the boundary conditions at open boundaries and the treatment of lateral boundary conditions. The accuracy of the models is tested with a set of numerical experiments in rectangular and curvilinear channels with constant and variable depth. The results indicate that errors in velocity at the open boundary can be significant when boundary conditions for water surface elevation are specified. Methods are suggested for minimizing these errors. The results also show that continuity is better maintained within the spatial domain of interest when ‘smooth’ curve-sided elements are used at shoreline boundaries than when piecewise linear boundaries are used. Finally, a method for network development is described which is based upon a continuity criterion to gauge accuracy. A finite element network for San Francisco Bay, California, is used as an example.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR016i001p00187","usgsCitation":"Walters, R.A., and Cheng, R.T., 1980, Accuracy of an estuarine hydrodynamic model using smooth elements: Water Resources Research, v. 16, no. 1, p. 187-195, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR016i001p00187.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"195","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325055,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.3544921875,\n 37.19533058280065\n ],\n [\n -121.17919921875001,\n 37.19533058280065\n ],\n [\n -121.17919921875001,\n 38.453588708941375\n ],\n [\n -123.3544921875,\n 38.453588708941375\n ],\n [\n -123.3544921875,\n 37.19533058280065\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784c335e4b0e02680be58f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, Roy A.","contributorId":74877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174181,"text":"70174181 - 1980 - Toxicity of five forest insecticides to cutthroat trout and two species of aquatic invertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T11:03:24","indexId":"70174181","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of five forest insecticides to cutthroat trout and two species of aquatic invertebrates","docAbstract":"

The Northern Rocky Mountain region has had scattered infestation of the western spruce budworm Christoneura occidentalis since the early 1900's (U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USDA) 1976b). On the basis of aerial surveys in 1975, TUNNOCK et al. (1976), estimated that budworm defoliation occurred on 2,278,804 acres of six National Forests in Montana. Since the use of DDT was banned in 1972, there has been a need to develop alternative insecticides with the efficacy of DDT but without its environmental risk. These insecticides must be effective in controlling the budworm, but should not persist in the environment or be toxic to other organisms. The organophosphate and carbamate insecticides are relatively nonpersistent and generally present only a moderate hazard to fish when applied according to label recommendations. The USDA Forest Service has been investigating the effectiveness of these two classes of insecticides against the budworm, and the Columbia National Fisheries Research Laboratory of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has been cooperating with the Forest Service conducted pilot control projects in eastern Montana in 1975 and 1976 to determine the efficacy and environmental impact of acephate, carbaryl, and trichlorfon in controlling the western budworm (USDA 1976 b). In 1975, a similar type project was carried out in Maine with aminocarb, fenitrothion, and trichlorfon (USDA 1976 a).

Acephate, fenitrothion, and trichlorfon (organophosphate insecticides) and aminocarb and carbaryl (carbamate insecticides) were selected for toxicity tests against cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki), a stonefly (Pteronarcella badia), and a freshwater amphipod (Gammarus pseudolimnaeus) edemic in streams of the northern Rocky Mountains. Populations of cutthroat trout inhabit lakes and streams in the Rocky Mountains which include some of the most pristine habitat and fisheries in North America. Pteronarcella and Gammarus provide forage for cutthroat trout and feed on decaying vegetation in riffle areas in streams and rivers. Stonefly naiads and amphipods were selected as test organisms because of their importance as trout food and their wide distribution in mountain stream communities. We determined the effect of various water types representing different biogeographical areas in the Intermountain West on the toxicity of these five forest insecticides.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01985619","usgsCitation":"Woodward, D.F., and Mauck, W., 1980, Toxicity of five forest insecticides to cutthroat trout and two species of aquatic invertebrates: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 25, no. 1, p. 846-854, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01985619.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"846","endPage":"854","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324572,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739fb8e4b07657d1a90d9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodward, D. F.","contributorId":85645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mauck, W.L.","contributorId":36100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mauck","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70169270,"text":"70169270 - 1980 - The Southern California uplift revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-07T16:02:39","indexId":"70169270","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Southern California uplift revisited","docAbstract":"

The earthquake that struck Livermore, east of San Francisco, on January 24 was the second moderate earthquake to have occurred in the San Francisco Bay area in 5 months. It raised familiar questions. Does this mean that the \"Big One\" is coming? Is the theater of heightened concern now in northern California. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Kerr, R.A., 1980, The Southern California uplift revisited: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 12, no. 3, p. 98-103.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"103","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319254,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.15771484375,\n 35.146862906756304\n ],\n [\n -117.53173828125,\n 34.35250666867596\n ],\n [\n -115.72998046875,\n 33.44977658311846\n ],\n [\n -114.97192382812499,\n 33.201924189778936\n ],\n [\n -115.00488281250001,\n 33.6420625047537\n ],\n [\n -118.927001953125,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -120.05859375,\n 36.949891786813296\n ],\n [\n -120.838623046875,\n 36.90597988519294\n ],\n [\n -119.410400390625,\n 35.11990857099681\n ],\n [\n -119.15771484375,\n 35.146862906756304\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be53e4b0f59b85e02f34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kerr, R. A.","contributorId":152674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerr","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175247,"text":"70175247 - 1979 - Trace metal bioavailability: Modeling chemical and biological interactions of sediment-bound zinc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-03T10:46:39","indexId":"70175247","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-16T02:15:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"26","title":"Trace metal bioavailability: Modeling chemical and biological interactions of sediment-bound zinc","docAbstract":"

Extractable concentrations of sediment-bound Zn, as modified by the physicochemical form of the metal in the sediments, controlled Zn concentrations in the deposit-feeding bivalvesScrobicularia plana (collected from 40 stations in 17 estuaries in southwest England) andMacoma balthica (from 28 stations in San Francisco Bay). Over a wide range of concentrations, a significant correlation was found between ammonium acetate-soluble concentrations of Zn in sediments and Zn concentrations in Scrobicularia. This correlation was insufficiently precise to be of predictive value for Scrobicularia, and did not hold for Macoma over the narrower range of Zn concentrations observed in San Francisco Bay. Strong correlation of Zn concentrations inScrobicularia and the bioavailability of sediment-bound Zn to Macoma with ratios of sorption substrate (oxides of iron and manganese, organic carbon, carbonates, humic materials) concentrations in sediments were found in both the English and San Francisco Bay study areas. These correlations were attributed to substrate competition for sorption of Zn within sediments, assuming: 1) competition for sorption of Zn was largely controlled by the relative concentrations of substrates present in the sediments and 2) the bioavailability of Zn to the deposit feeders was determined by the partitioning of Zn among the substrates. The correlations indicated that the availability of Zn to the bivalves increased when concentrations of either amorphous inorganic oxides or humic substances increased in sediments. Availability was reduced at increased concentrations of organic carbon and, in San Francisco Bay, ammonium acetate-soluble Mn. Concentrations of biologically available Zn in solution and low salinities may also have enhanced Zn uptake, although the roles of these variables were less obvious from the statistical analysis.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Modeling in Aqueous Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/bk-1979-0093.ch026","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., and Bryan, G., 1979, Trace metal bioavailability: Modeling chemical and biological interactions of sediment-bound zinc, chap. 26 of Chemical Modeling in Aqueous Systems, p. 577-609, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1979-0093.ch026.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"577","endPage":"609","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315d4e4b006cb45558bb7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jenne, Everett A.","contributorId":85582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenne","given":"Everett","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644542,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":120222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bryan, G.W.","contributorId":84402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043066,"text":"70043066 - 1979 - A digital model for simulation of ground-water hydrology in the Houston area, Texas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10320,"text":"ofr79677 - 1979 - A digital model for simulation of ground-water hydrology in the Houston area, Texas","indexId":"ofr79677","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"A digital model for simulation of ground-water hydrology in the Houston area, Texas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043066,"text":"70043066 - 1979 - A digital model for simulation of ground-water hydrology in the Houston area, Texas","indexId":"70043066","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"A digital model for simulation of ground-water hydrology in the Houston area, Texas"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T12:23:14","indexId":"70043066","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":262,"text":"Limited Printing Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"103","title":"A digital model for simulation of ground-water hydrology in the Houston area, Texas","docAbstract":"

This report documents the construction and calibration of a digital model for the simulation of hydrologic conditions in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in the Houston area of southeastern Texas. The model is a five-layer finite-difference model, with a grid pattern of 63 x 67 nodes representing an area of 27,000 square miles, for simulation of three- dimensional ground-water flow. The hydrologic properties and processes modeled were ground-water withdrawals, transmissivities, storage coefficients of the aquifers and clays, quantity of water derived from storage in the clays, and vertical hydraulic conductivity and vertical leakage. The model, which simulates water-level declines, changes in storage in the clay layers, and land-surface subsidence, was calibrated by use of historical records from 1890 to 1975. It is very sensitive to variations in transmissivities and to variations in water-table and artesian storage. It is less sensitive to variations in clay storage.

","language":"English","publisher":"Texas Department of Water Resources","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Department of Water Resources and the City of Houston","usgsCitation":"Meyer, W., and Carr, J.E., 1979, A digital model for simulation of ground-water hydrology in the Houston area, Texas: Limited Printing Report 103, v, 27, I-1, II-1, III-73 p.","productDescription":"v, 27, I-1, II-1, III-73 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266908,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266906,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.twdb.texas.gov/publications/reports/limited_printing/doc/LP-103/LP-103%20a.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.361572265625,\n 30.95876857077987\n ],\n [\n -97.7783203125,\n 30.798474179567823\n ],\n [\n -97.349853515625,\n 28.603814407841327\n ],\n [\n -96.94335937499999,\n 27.89734922968426\n ],\n [\n -96.844482421875,\n 27.994401411046148\n ],\n [\n -96.52587890625,\n 28.17855984939698\n ],\n [\n -95.657958984375,\n 28.65203063036226\n ],\n [\n -94.28466796874999,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -94.361572265625,\n 30.95876857077987\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"510e4371e4b09f303997b281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, Walter R.","contributorId":63283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Walter R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, Jerry E.","contributorId":47758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042506,"text":"70042506 - 1979 - Water quality of Livingston Reservoir on the Trinity River, southeastern Texas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15574,"text":"ofr76336 - 1976 - The water quality of Livingston Reservoir on the Trinity River, Southeastern Texas","indexId":"ofr76336","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"The water quality of Livingston Reservoir on the Trinity River, Southeastern Texas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70042506,"text":"70042506 - 1979 - Water quality of Livingston Reservoir on the Trinity River, southeastern Texas","indexId":"70042506","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Water quality of Livingston Reservoir on the Trinity River, southeastern Texas"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-10T11:31:45","indexId":"70042506","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":297,"text":"Texas Department of Water Resources Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"230","title":"Water quality of Livingston Reservoir on the Trinity River, southeastern Texas","docAbstract":"The concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate in Livingston Reservoir on the Trinity River in southeastern Texas usually average less than 250 mg/l (milligrams per liter), 40 mg/l, and 50 mg/l, respectively. The water is usually hard or moderately hard (61 to 180 mg/l as calcium carbonate). The concentrations of principal dissolved constituents in the reservoir are usually maximum during summer and fall when evaporation is high and inflow is low. Thermal stratification of the reservoir usually begins in March and persists until September or October. Neither the seasonal variation of dissolved constituents in inflow to the reservoir nor thermal stratification has resulted in significant stratification of the principal dissolved constituents. However, thermal stratification has resulted in significant seasonal and areal variations of dissolved oxygen, which results in higher concentration of dissolved iron, dissolved manganese, total phosphorus, and total inorganic nitrogen. Oxygen utilized in the stabilization of unoxidized material from upstream sources, decaying algae, and pre-existing organic material along the bottom of the reservoir is not replaced during periods of summer stagnation; and water below depths of 25 to 35 feet (8 to 11 meters) usually contains less than 1.0 mg/l dissolved oxygen. During periods of summer stagnation, reducing conditions often result in the solution of iron and manganese from bottom sediments in the deep parts of the reservoir. At site AC, a deep site near Livingston Dam, dissolved-iron concentrations in water near the bottom of the reservoir during summer have ranged from 80 to 2,300 μg/l (micrograms per liter) and have averaged about 750 μg/l. The concentrations of dissolved manganese in water near the bottom of the reservoir at this site during summer have ranged from 230 to 4,700 μg/l and have averaged about 2,600 μg/l. Water near the surface of the reservoir throughout the year and water near the bottom during periods of winter circulation usually contain less than 100 μg/l of dissolved iron and 100 μg/l of dissolved manganese. The concentrations of total phosphorus and inorganic nitrogen in water near the bottom at deep sites near Livingston Dam are usually maximum during periods of summer stagnation when decay of aquatic organisms and chemical reduction of bottom sediments release phosphorus and nitrogen to the water. The concentrations of phosphorus in the bottom stratum of water at site AC average about 2.0 mg/l. The concentrations of inorganic nitrogen in the bottom and surface strata at this site during summer average about 4.0 mg/l and 0.1 mg/l, respectively. Seasonal temperature and dissolved oxygen cycles have resulted in significant quantities of dissolved iron, dissolved manganese, total phosphorus, and total inorganic nitrogen being trapped and recycled within the reservoir.","language":"English","publisher":"Texas Department of Water Resources","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","usgsCitation":"Rawson, J., 1979, Water quality of Livingston Reservoir on the Trinity River, southeastern Texas: Texas Department of Water Resources Report 230, v, 46 p.","productDescription":"v, 46 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"52","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265504,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.twdb.state.tx.us/publications/reports/numbered_reports/doc/R230/r230_LivingstonReservoir_1979.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Livingston Reservoir;Trinity River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.392469,30.858467 ], [ -95.392469,30.866826 ], [ -95.381327,30.866826 ], [ -95.381327,30.858467 ], [ -95.392469,30.858467 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7c2de4b0b2908510e949","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rawson, Jack","contributorId":18345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rawson","given":"Jack","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10735,"text":"ofr791654 - 1979 - Preliminary summary of the U.S. Geological Survey strong-motion records from the October 15, 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:07","indexId":"ofr791654","displayToPublicDate":"2011-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1654","title":"Preliminary summary of the U.S. Geological Survey strong-motion records from the October 15, 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the data from near-in strong-motion accelerograph stations operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Imperial Valley of California at the time of the October 15, 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake. The purpose of this report is to alert others as to the nature of the strong-motion data that is available from this event. In order to provide the information in a timely manner, the report has been limited to a summary of the data. A similar preliminary report of strong-motion data collected by the Office of Strong-Motion Studies of the California Division of Mines and Geology has already been issued. A more complete report of all of the strong ground motion data is contemplated. This will require the cooperation of all of the agencies in both the U.S. and Mexico that operate strong-motion instruments in the region. A report on the processing of the data from near-in stations is in preparation. The moderate-size (magnitude 6.4) October 15, 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake was instrumentally located on the Imperial fault approximately 25 km southeast of El Centro, California. This location is approximately the same as that of the 1940 Imperial Valley earthquake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr791654","collaboration":"In cooperation with the National Science Foundation","usgsCitation":"Porcella, R.L., and Matthiesen, R., 1979, Preliminary summary of the U.S. Geological Survey strong-motion records from the October 15, 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1654, ii, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791654.","productDescription":"ii, 41 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":379,"text":"Menlo Park Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_79_1654.gif"},{"id":94157,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1654/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"El Centro","otherGeospatial":"Imperial Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.75,32.75 ], [ -115.75,33.25 ], [ -115.25,33.25 ], [ -115.25,32.75 ], [ -115.75,32.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aabe4b07f02db669df8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porcella, R. L.","contributorId":102869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porcella","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matthiesen, R.B.","contributorId":102907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthiesen","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221625,"text":"5221625 - 1979 - Diet-related die-off of captive black-crowned night herons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:33","indexId":"5221625","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:22","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":704,"text":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Annual Proceedings","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diet-related die-off of captive black-crowned night herons","docAbstract":"Several species of herons, which are top-level consumers in aquatic food chains, have experienced population declines in certain areas o f their normal range (7,13) -- areas in which elevated levels of various environmental pollutants are known to occur. (6) To determine the effects of environmental contaminants on the Ardeidae, a colony of black-crowned night herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) was established in 1972 at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. The night heron was selected as the model species because of its widespread occurrence and its ability to survive and reproduce in captivity. Birds for the colony were obtained from either the New York Zoological Park and Dallas Zoo or were wild-caught along the Maryland and Virginia coasts in 1972, 1973, and 1975. This report describes a die-off in the colony following a change in the origina of their food source. The data suggest that the mortality was diet-related, most likely caused by vitamin E deficiency. Excessive dietary thiaminase may have resulted in concurrent thiamine deficiency, but evidence for this is equivocal.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Annual Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"2187_Carpenter.pdf","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, J.W., Spann, J.W., and Novilla, M., 1979, Diet-related die-off of captive black-crowned night herons: American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Annual Proceedings, v. 1979, p. 51-55.","productDescription":"51-55","startPage":"51","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1979","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d812","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, J. W.","contributorId":81854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spann, J. W.","contributorId":93435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spann","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Novilla, M.N.","contributorId":18716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novilla","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222827,"text":"5222827 - 1979 - Population ecology of house mice in unstable habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-07T16:28:06.437219","indexId":"5222827","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:20","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population ecology of house mice in unstable habitats","docAbstract":"

(1) The relationships between habitat change and house mouse populations were studied by monthly live trapping in a corn-wheat-hay rotation on a small Maryland farm.

(2) Population density reached 53.0/ha in a wheat/hay field in October and 25.4/ha in corn in September. Populations increased by immigration as wheat or corn grew and ripened and decreased by emigration as hay became tall and dense.

(3) Survival rates were high in winter in the relatively stable habitat of the wheat/hay field; they were low throughout the summer in both fields, and were reduced by corn harvest, less so by wheat harvest. If they were related to population density or increase, or to breeding condition, the relationships were obscured by the overriding influence of habitat change.

(4) In the spring, when the population in the hay field `crashed,' essentially the entire population moved from long-established ranges in the hay field to the field of ripening wheat, where new ranges were established. In the new field, fewer than 30% of the old associations between individuals persisted.

(5) Individual mice maintained home ranges (88.1 +- 6.1 m in length) in the same general area during their residence in a field. Ranges shifted from month to month, perhaps in response to changes in populations and habitat; exploratory travels and other movements also modified home range behaviour.

(6) Minimum life expectancy (residence time) was greater from November (4-5 months) than from June/July (1-2 months). Maximum individual age was 17 months.

(7) The demographic pattern fell at the r extreme of the r-K continuum. Mice bred from May to October, matured and produced litters rapidly, produced several litters in a season, and had a high turnover rate. (8) It was concluded that migration was a primary mechanism of population regulation in the cropfield mosaic and that it was driven by habitat change, a system in contrast to those described for house mice in confined conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.2307/4200","usgsCitation":"Stickel, L., 1979, Population ecology of house mice in unstable habitats: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 48, no. 3, p. 871-887, https://doi.org/10.2307/4200.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"871","endPage":"887","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196481,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cde4b07f02db544914","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stickel, L.F.","contributorId":41095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222486,"text":"5222486 - 1979 - Mathematical models and population cycles: A critical evaluation of a recent modeling effort","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-27T16:56:37.685819","indexId":"5222486","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:17","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2384,"text":"Journal of Mathematical Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mathematical models and population cycles: A critical evaluation of a recent modeling effort","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00276311","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Hestbeck, J., and Conley, W., 1979, Mathematical models and population cycles: A critical evaluation of a recent modeling effort: Journal of Mathematical Biology, v. 8, no. 3, p. 259-263, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00276311.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"263","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197565,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60ffe4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hestbeck, J.B.","contributorId":107802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hestbeck","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conley, W.","contributorId":76848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conley","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5211356,"text":"5211356 - 1979 - Seasonal occurrence and distribution of submerged aquatic macrophytes in the tidal Potomac River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-29T12:00:34","indexId":"5211356","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Seasonal occurrence and distribution of submerged aquatic macrophytes in the tidal Potomac River","docAbstract":"A systematic survey was conducted in the Tidal Potomac River in 1978 to determine the presence, abundance, and phenology of submersed aquatic macrophytes. The survey covered 81.5 km of main river and 59.3 km of tributary on the Maryland shore. Four regions were selected for the study: (1) Piscataway - Mattawoman Creek region (fresh-tidal river), (2) Nanjemoy Creek-Port Tobacco River region (transition zone), (3) Wicomico River region (estuary), and (4) St. Marys River region (estuary). The Wicomico River region was subdivided into fresh tidal river, transition zone and estuary for purposes of date analysis. Data were gathered by sampling each 15 m along transects running perpendicular to shore for a maximum distance of 300 m. Modified oyster tongs were used to sample both plants and benthic soils from an outboard boat. A total of 131 transects were established with a total of approximately 3500 grabs being taken per sampling period. Sampling was initiated in the spring and repeated in the summer and fall. Highest plant diversity and productivity were measured in the transition zone extending from Lower Cedar Point to beyond Maryland Point, a distance of approximately 30 km, and in the transition zone of the Wicomico River above Chaptico Bay. Fresh tidal areas were devoid of plants. The estuary had a sparse growth of horned pondweed (Zannichellia palustris) and widgeon grass (Ruppia maritima) in the spring: horned pondweed was not found in summer or fall. Redhead grass (Potomageton perfoliatus) was the most abundant pondweed; it matured in early summer and died back in mid-to-late summer. Wild celery (Vallisneria americana) and widgeon grass matured in early-to-late fall and were the most abundant plants during that period. Data analysis is being finalized and a publication is in preparation. This research will be continued over the next several seasons as part of the long term USGS effort on the Potomac","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seminar on water quality in the tidal Potomac River, December 1978","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, Va.","usgsCitation":"Haramis, G., Carter, V., Gammon, P., and Hupp, C., 1979, Seasonal occurrence and distribution of submerged aquatic macrophytes in the tidal Potomac River, chap. of Seminar on water quality in the tidal Potomac River, December 1978.","productDescription":"21","startPage":"19 (abs)","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685e32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haramis, G.M.","contributorId":101212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haramis","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":330835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, V.","contributorId":61115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gammon, P.","contributorId":68861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gammon","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hupp, C. 0000-0003-1853-9197","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":59150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5210116,"text":"5210116 - 1979 - Bird communities associated with succession and management of lowland conifer forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:17","indexId":"5210116","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Bird communities associated with succession and management of lowland conifer forests","docAbstract":"Data from published bird censuses were used to determine changes in avian communities in relation to plant succession, fire, type conversion, and timber management practices in lowland conifer forests in the northeastern United States. With modifications in current logging practices, habitat for the bird species that nest in undisturbed stands can be provided. Management guidelines are recommended.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Management of North Central and Northeastern Forests for Nongame Birds, Proceedings of the Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"North Central Forest Experiment Station, U.S. Forest Service","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","collaboration":" PDF on file: 2195_Dawson.pdf","usgsCitation":"Dawson, D., 1979, Bird communities associated with succession and management of lowland conifer forests, chap. of Management of North Central and Northeastern Forests for Nongame Birds, Proceedings of the Workshop, p. 120-131.","productDescription":"268","startPage":"120","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"268","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db611363","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, D.K. 0000-0001-7531-212X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-212X","contributorId":94752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012515,"text":"70012515 - 1979 - Small-scale slump deposits, Middle Atlantic Continental Slope, off eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T15:29:03.341509","indexId":"70012515","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small-scale slump deposits, Middle Atlantic Continental Slope, off eastern United States","docAbstract":"

Analyses of 24 high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles that were collected during local and regional surveys show that small-scale slump deposite are ubiquitous whthin the intercanyon areas of the Continental Slope of the Middle Atlantic Bight. The deposits involve the upper 10-90 m of sediments, extend downslops for 1.8-7.2 km, and are present at water depths ranging from 545 to 1500 m. The characteristics of the deposits vary from thin, homogeneous or fairly regularly bedded lenses of sediment, to masses of intermediate thickness with contorted bedding, to relatively large slump blocks. A detailed survey of one slump mass just south of Hudson Canyon (by means of close-spaced Minisparker profiles and sediment cores) showed that it had a thickness of about 30 m and a volume of at least 0.4 km3 and consisted of homogeneous clay which accumulated rapidly during the late Pleistocene or Holocene. Although some of the slump deposits undoubtedly are relict, stemming from sediment instability porduced by rapid deposition during Pleistocene sea-level regressions, others were formed relatively recently. Possible causes of modern slumps include gas generation in the sediments, bottom-water turbulence on the upper slope, and shallow faulting. This study indicates that small-scale slumping in the intercanyon areas may be an important process in transporting sediments to the deep sea and suggests that recent mass movements may constitute a geologic hazard to future economic development of this part of the Continental Slope. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(79)90110-5","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Knebes, H., and Carson, B., 1979, Small-scale slump deposits, Middle Atlantic Continental Slope, off eastern United States: Marine Geology, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 221-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(79)90110-5.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"236","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222542,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Middle Atlantic Bight","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.88771708896576,\n 40.263326615601756\n ],\n [\n -74.45922882846764,\n 38.633058616550365\n ],\n [\n -75.58169389106907,\n 37.103688088321874\n ],\n [\n -72.89701653441095,\n 36.7128742895589\n ],\n [\n -71.92570445520803,\n 40.263326615601756\n ],\n [\n -73.88771708896576,\n 40.263326615601756\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b919ae4b08c986b3199c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knebes, H.J.","contributorId":19291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebes","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carson, Bobb","contributorId":38285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carson","given":"Bobb","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010363,"text":"70010363 - 1979 - Volcanic ash in surficial sediments of the Kodiak shelf - An indicator of sediment dispersal patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T15:22:38.899818","indexId":"70010363","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic ash in surficial sediments of the Kodiak shelf - An indicator of sediment dispersal patterns","docAbstract":"

Surficial sediments of the Kodiak shelf, Gulf of Alaska, contain various amounts of volcanic ash whose physical properties indicate that it originated from the 1912 Katmai eruption. The distribution of ash is related to the shelf physiography and represents redistribution by oceanic circulation rather than the original depositional pattern from the volcanic event. The ash distribution can be used, in conjunction with the distribution of grain sizes, as an indicator of present-day sediment dispersal patterns on the shelf.

No significant modern input of sediment is occurring on the Kodiak shelf, which is mostly covered by Pleistocene glacial deposits. Coarse-grained sediments on flat portions of shallow banks apparently are being winnowed, with the removed ash-rich fine material being deposited in shallow depressions on the banks and in three of the four major troughs that cut transversely across the shelf. The other major trough seems to be experiencing a relatively high-energy current regime, with little deposition of fine material.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(79)90116-6","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Hampton, M.A., Bouma, A., Frost, T.P., and Colburn, I., 1979, Volcanic ash in surficial sediments of the Kodiak shelf - An indicator of sediment dispersal patterns: Marine Geology, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 347-356, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(79)90116-6.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"356","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219607,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.77885686791024,\n 58.70887118983768\n ],\n [\n -155.20719455555994,\n 57.35461098142929\n ],\n [\n -155.9976310121188,\n 56.55327620870899\n ],\n [\n -156.26272200519873,\n 55.610227263713085\n ],\n [\n -154.82178121895734,\n 55.58509738304019\n ],\n [\n -153.40627687529198,\n 55.78507738124526\n ],\n [\n -150.97088483528586,\n 56.68651666089394\n ],\n [\n -150.97088483528586,\n 58.67739554234353\n ],\n [\n -152.77885686791024,\n 58.70887118983768\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2dfe4b08c986b32ae07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hampton, M. A.","contributorId":103271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bouma, A.H.","contributorId":107281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouma","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frost, T. P.","contributorId":49797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Colburn, I.P.","contributorId":89009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colburn","given":"I.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012531,"text":"70012531 - 1979 - A radiographic scanning technique for cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T15:32:23.758193","indexId":"70012531","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A radiographic scanning technique for cores","docAbstract":"

A radiographic scanning technique (RST) can produce single continuous radiographs of cores or core sections up to 1.5 m long and up to 30 cm wide. Changing a portable industrial X-ray unit from the normal still-shot mode to a scanning mode requires simple, inexpensive, easily constructed, and highly durable equipment. Additional components include a conveyor system, antiscatter cylinder-diaphragm, adjustable sample platform, developing tanks, and a contact printer. Complete cores, half cores, sample slabs or peels may be scanned. Converting the X-ray unit from one mode to another is easy and can be accomplished without the use of special tools. RST provides the investigator with a convenient, continuous, high quality radiograph, saves time and money, and decreases the number of times cores have to be handled. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(79)90104-X","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Hill, G.W., Dorsey, M., Woods, J., and Miller, R.J., 1979, A radiographic scanning technique for cores: Marine Geology, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 93-106, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(79)90104-X.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"106","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e528e4b0c8380cd46b80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, G. W.","contributorId":85551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorsey, M.E.","contributorId":73997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorsey","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woods, J.C.","contributorId":93770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, R. J.","contributorId":9225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012497,"text":"70012497 - 1979 - On the mechanical interaction between a fluid-filled fracture and the earth's surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-03T16:29:35.625949","indexId":"70012497","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the mechanical interaction between a fluid-filled fracture and the earth's surface","docAbstract":"
The mechanical interaction between a fluid-filled fracture (e.g., hydraulic fracture joint, or igneous dike) and the earth's surface is analyzed using a two-dimensional elastic solution for a slit of arbitrary inclination buried beneath a horizontal free surface and subjected to an arbitrary pressure distribution. The solution is obtained by iteratively superimposing two fundamental sets of analytical solutions.

For uniform internal pressure the slit behaves essentially as if it were in an infinite region if the depth-to-center is three times greater than the half-length. For shallower slits interaction with the free surface is pronounced: stresses and displacements near the slit differ by more than 10% from values for the deeply buried slit. The following changes are noted as the depth-to-center decreases:
     1. (1) the mode I stress intensity factor increases for both ends of the slit, but more rapidly at the upper end;
     
     2. (2) the mode II stress-intensity factor is significantly different from zero (except for vertical slits) suggesting propagation out of the original plane of the slit;

     3. (3) displacements of the slit wall are asymmetric such that the slit gaps open more widely near the upper end. Similar changes are noted if fluid density creates a linear pressure gradient that is smaller than the lithostatic gradient. Under such conditions natural fractures should propagate preferentially upward toward the earth's surface requiring less pressure as they grow in length.
If deformation near the surface is of interest, the model should account explicitly for the free surface. Stresses and displacements at the free surface are not approximated very well by values calculated along a line in an infinite region, even when the slit is far from the line. As depth-to-center of a shallow pressurized slit decreases, the following changes are noted:

1. (1) displacements of the free surface increase to the same order of magnitude as the displacements of the slit walls,

2. (2) tensile stresses of magnitude greater than the pressure in the slit are concentrated along the free surface. The relative surface displacements over a shallow vertical slit are downward over the slit and upward to both sides of this area. The tensile stress acting parallel to the free surface over a shallow vertical slit is concentrated in two maxima adjacent to a point of very low stress immediately over the slit.

The solution is used to estimate the length-to-depth ratio at which igneous sills have gained sufficient leverage on overlying strata to bend these strata upward and form a laccolith. The pronounced mode II stress intensity associated with shallow horizontal slits explains the tendency for some sills to climb to higher stratigraphie horizons as they grow in length. The bimodal tensile stress concentration over shallow vertical slits correlates qualitatively with the distribution of cracks and normal faults which flank fissure eruptions on volcanoes. The solution may be used to analyze surface displacements and tilts over massive hydraulic fractures in oil fields and to understand the behavior of hydraulic fractures in granite quarries.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(79)90353-6","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Pollard, D.D., and Holzhausen, G., 1979, On the mechanical interaction between a fluid-filled fracture and the earth's surface: Tectonophysics, v. 53, no. 1-2, p. 27-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(79)90353-6.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"57","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222308,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ddce4b0c8380cd75371","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollard, David D.","contributorId":38549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollard","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holzhausen, Gary","contributorId":64389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzhausen","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012502,"text":"70012502 - 1979 - Aging and strain softening model for episodic faulting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-03T16:37:38.306427","indexId":"70012502","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aging and strain softening model for episodic faulting","docAbstract":"

Episodic slip on shallow crustal faults can be qualitatively explained by postulating a fault constitutive law that is the superposition of two limiting material responses: (1) strain softening after peak stress during large strain rates, and (2) strength (peak stress) recovery during aging at small strain rates. A single law permits a variety of seismic and aseismic phenomena to occur over a range of space and time scales. Specific cases are determined by the spatial variation of material constants, recent deformation history, crustal rigidity, and remote forcing. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(79)90280-4","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Stuart, W.D., 1979, Aging and strain softening model for episodic faulting: Tectonophysics, v. 52, no. 1-4, p. 613-626, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(79)90280-4.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"626","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222358,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e90ce4b0c8380cd4806f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuart, William D. stuart@usgs.gov","contributorId":3223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart","given":"William","email":"stuart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":363767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}