No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854245","usgsCitation":"Clifton, D., 1985, Analysis of biological data collected in the Bull Run Watershed, Portland, Oregon, 1978 to 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4245, v, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854245.","productDescription":"v, 62 p.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414375,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36391.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119006,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4245/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55467,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4245/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Portland","otherGeospatial":"Bull Run watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.142,\n 45.563\n ],\n [\n -122.142,\n 45.417\n ],\n [\n -121.8,\n 45.417\n ],\n [\n -121.8,\n 45.563\n ],\n [\n -122.142,\n 45.563\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680a62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clifton, D.G.","contributorId":103292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifton","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26498,"text":"wri854345 - 1985 - Cost-effectiveness of the Federal stream-gaging program in Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:32","indexId":"wri854345","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4345","title":"Cost-effectiveness of the Federal stream-gaging program in Virginia","docAbstract":"Data uses and funding sources were identified for the 77 continuous stream gages currently being operated in Virginia by the U.S. Geological Survey with a budget of $446,000. Two stream gages were identified as not being used sufficiently to warrant continuing their operation. Operation of these stations should be considered for discontinuation. Data collected at two other stations were identified as having uses primarily related to short-term studies; these stations should also be considered for discontinuation at the end of the data collection phases of the studies. The remaining 73 stations should be kept in the program for the foreseeable future. The current policy for operation of the 77-station program requires a budget of $446,000/yr. The average standard error of estimation of streamflow records is 10.1%. It was shown that this overall level of accuracy at the 77 sites could be maintained with a budget of $430,500 if resources were redistributed among the gages. A minimum budget of $428,500 is required to operate the 77-gage program; a smaller budget would not permit proper service and maintenance of the gages and recorders. At the minimum budget, with optimized operation, the average standard error would be 10.4%. The maximum budget analyzed was $650,000, which resulted in an average standard error of 5.5%. The study indicates that a major component of error is caused by lost or missing data. If perfect equipment were available, the standard error for the current program and budget could be reduced to 7.6%. This also can be interpreted to mean that the streamflow data have a standard error of this magnitude during times when the equipment is operating properly. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854345","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, D., 1985, Cost-effectiveness of the Federal stream-gaging program in Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4345, vii, 72 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854345.","productDescription":"vii, 72 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4345/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55321,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4345/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbaef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, D.H.","contributorId":34551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12368,"text":"ofr85181 - 1985 - Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Nebraska, 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:40","indexId":"ofr85181","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-181","title":"Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Nebraska, 1984","docAbstract":"The State of Nebraska has a greater abundance of water than most of the surrounding States. The major water issues in the State concern the management of these water resources in regard to their availability areally across the State and temporally over the changing seasons and cycles of weather. Management also concerns the protection of the supply of water from deterioration through contamination. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in Nebraska began providing data to allow for better management of the State 's water near the end of the 19th Century. Since then the USGS activities have continued and have included the monitoring of hydrologic conditions, detailed studies to describe the hydrology of specific areas, and studies to add to the basic scientific knowledge of hydrology. Projects in all these areas continue. The work has been supported through Federal funding, through support from other Federal agencies, and through cooperative programs with many State and local agencies. This report summarizes these activities which are ongoing in the State of Nebraska. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85181","usgsCitation":"McKinney, J., 1985, Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Nebraska, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-181, vi, 33 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85181.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0181/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40604,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0181/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9e87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKinney, J.E.","contributorId":31774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinney","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30014,"text":"wri844362 - 1985 - Effects of surface mining on streamflow, suspended-sediment, and water quality in the Stony Fork drainage basin, Fayette County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-08T12:18:17","indexId":"wri844362","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4362","title":"Effects of surface mining on streamflow, suspended-sediment, and water quality in the Stony Fork drainage basin, Fayette County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"A study of the Stony Fork basin in southern Fayette County, Pennsylvania, from 1977 through 1980 determined the impacts of surface coal mining on surface-water quality. Stony Fork was sampled at six sites, during which time the area of surface mines increased from 0.5 to 5.5 percent of the study area. Streamflow, suspended-sediment, and water quality data were collected at gaging stations upstream and downstream of mining. The total runoff between the upstream and downstream stations differed by one percent; this small difference could not be attributed to the effects of mining. The suspended-sediment yield increased during storms due to erosion from the mining sites. The suspended-sediment yield doubled at the downstream site following mining. Specific conductance was highly variable during storm runoff but generally varied inversely with flow and increased slightly during the study period. The pH ranged between 4.8 and 7.9 with values below 6.0 usually occurring during storm runoff. Concentrations of dissolved zinc and sulfate increased between the upstream and downstream sampling sites. Laboratory analysis of a precipitation sample indicates that acid precipitation may be partly responsible for pH depressions during storm runoff periods. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844362","usgsCitation":"Stump, D., and Mastrilli, T., 1985, Effects of surface mining on streamflow, suspended-sediment, and water quality in the Stony Fork drainage basin, Fayette County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4362, v, 28 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844362.","productDescription":"v, 28 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58820,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4362/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4362/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6103fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stump, D.E.","contributorId":38194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stump","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastrilli, T.M.","contributorId":15656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastrilli","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28724,"text":"wri844237 - 1985 - Occurrence of natural radium-226 radioactivity in ground water of Sarasota County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri844237","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4237","title":"Occurrence of natural radium-226 radioactivity in ground water of Sarasota County, Florida","docAbstract":"Water that contains radium-226 radioactivity in excess of the 5.0-picocurie-per-liter limit set in the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations was found in the majority of wells sampled throughout Sarasota County. Highest levels were found areally near the coast or near rivers and vertically in the Tamiami-upper Hawthorn aquifer where semiconsolidated phosphate pebbles occur. Analysis of data suggests that part of the radium-226 in ground water of Sarasota County is dissolved by alpha particle recoil. In slightly mineralized water, radium-226 concentrations are decreased by ion exchange or sorption. In more mineralized water, other ions compete with radium-226 for ion exchange or sorption sites. Dissolution of minerals containing radium-226 by mineralized water probably contributes a significant fraction of the dissolved radium-226. Two types of mineralized water were present in Sarasota County. One type is a marine-like water, presumably associated with saltwater encroachment in coastal areas; the other is a calcium magnesium strontium surfate bicarbonate type. In general, water that contains high radium-226 radioactivities also contains too much water hardness or dissolved solids to be used for public supply without treatment that would also reduce radium-226 radioactivities. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844237","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.L., and Sutcliffe, H., 1985, Occurrence of natural radium-226 radioactivity in ground water of Sarasota County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4237, vi, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844237.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4237/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57553,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4237/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f1e5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R. L.","contributorId":54178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutcliffe, Horace","contributorId":28598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutcliffe","given":"Horace","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27665,"text":"wri844204 - 1985 - An evaluation of the crest-stage gage program in Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:36","indexId":"wri844204","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4204","title":"An evaluation of the crest-stage gage program in Louisiana","docAbstract":"The crest-stage gage program in Louisiana was evaluated to determine if the data were adequate for use in developing regional flood-frequency equations and to determine if any crest-stage gages could be discontinued. An abundance of data at many crest-stage stations and a lack of data for urban area and flat-slope areas indicated a need for a shift in the number, type, and locations of gages. Extensive correlations and comparisons of annual peak flows and watershed characteristics of 96 sites resulted in a reduced network of 25 stations that could potentially be used as index sites. The adequacy of the reduced network for development and verification of regional flood-frequency equations was tested by comparing a set of regional flood-frequency equations developed using data from the full network with a set developed using data from the reduced network. The results indicate that the crest-stage gage network can be reduced to 25 stations and still provide adequate information for future flood-frequency analyses. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844204","usgsCitation":"Herbert, R., Carlson, D., and Wiche, G., 1985, An evaluation of the crest-stage gage program in Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4204, v, 24 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844204.","productDescription":"v, 24 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4204/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56518,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4204/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684884","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herbert, R.A.","contributorId":59449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, D.D.","contributorId":10816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiche, G.J.","contributorId":90715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29810,"text":"wri844246 - 1985 - Estimated public-water supply and industrial-commercial ground-water withdrawals and returns in Nassau County, Long Island, New York, 1973-79","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T19:24:53.819799","indexId":"wri844246","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4246","title":"Estimated public-water supply and industrial-commercial ground-water withdrawals and returns in Nassau County, Long Island, New York, 1973-79","docAbstract":"Nassau County, New York depends upon ground water for its freshwater supply. The primary water uses are for public-water supply and industrial-commercial purposes, which together accounted for 202 Mgal/d (million gallons per day) in 1975. Public-water suppliers withdrew 85 percent of their water from the Magothy Formation. About 133 Mgal/d was returned to the ground after use in 1975, and about 69; Mgal/d was discharged to tidewater. In addition, about 34 Mgal/d infiltrated into sewerlines in 1975 and was also discharged to tidewater. Because of the importance of this freshwater supply, the New York State Department of Environmental conservation reviews applications for the installation of wells and compiles data on pumpage throughout Long Island. It also reviews applications to discharge wastewater into the surface water and ground water of the State. This report summarizes the data filed with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation for Nassau County during 1973-79. It presents data and estimates on withdrawals for public and industrial-commercial supply, returns to the ground, and discharges through sewer systems. It also includes information on population and land use.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844246","usgsCitation":"Snavely, D.S., and Williams, J., 1985, Estimated public-water supply and industrial-commercial ground-water withdrawals and returns in Nassau County, Long Island, New York, 1973-79: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4246, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844246.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411727,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36095.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58611,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4246/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123976,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4246/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.783,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -73.783,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -73.433,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -73.433,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -73.783,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a0ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snavely, D. S.","contributorId":103692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snavely","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, J. F.","contributorId":20754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29296,"text":"wri834216 - 1985 - Calculating sediment discharge from a highway construction site in central Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-20T08:04:10","indexId":"wri834216","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4216","title":"Calculating sediment discharge from a highway construction site in central Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, the Federal Highway Administration, and the U.S. Geological Survey have cooperated in a study to evaluate two methods of predicting sediment yields during highway construction. \r\n\r\n Sediment yields were calculated using the Universal Soil Loss and the Younkin Sediment Prediction Equations. Results were compared to the actual measured values, and standard errors and coefficients of correlation were calculated. Sediment discharge from the construction area was determined for storms that occurred during construction of Interstate 81 in a 0.38-square mile basin near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Precipitation data tabulated included total rainfall, maximum 30-minute rainfall, kinetic energy, and the erosive index of the precipitation. Highway construction data tabulated included the area disturbed by clearing and grubbing, the area in cuts and fills, the average depths of cuts and fills, the area seeded and mulched, and the area paved. \r\n\r\n Using the Universal Soil Loss Equation, sediment discharge from the construction area was calculated for storms. The standard error of estimate was 0.40 (about 105 percent), and the coefficient of correlation was 0.79. Sediment discharge from the construction area was also calculated using the Younkin Equation. The standard error of estimate of 0.42 (about 110 percent), and the coefficient of correlation of 0.77 are comparable to those from the Universal Soil Loss Equation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834216","usgsCitation":"Reed, L., Ward, J.R., and Wetzel, K.L., 1985, Calculating sediment discharge from a highway construction site in central Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4216, iii, 12 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834216.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4216/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58138,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4216/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa37b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, L.A.","contributorId":14454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, J. R.","contributorId":18015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetzel, K. L.","contributorId":14418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":12219,"text":"ofr84859 - 1985 - Phytoplankton Abundance and Generic Composition Data for the Potomac River and Estuary, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:07","indexId":"ofr84859","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-859","title":"Phytoplankton Abundance and Generic Composition Data for the Potomac River and Estuary, Maryland","docAbstract":"Phytoplankton of the Potomac River and Estuary were counted and identified to the generic level. Double-blind precision tests for an individual counter yielded a standard deviation that was * 10 percent of the mean. Differences between three counters exceeded * 10 percent, and a curve could be fit to calibration counts to yield correlation coefficients of 0.70 to 0.86 between counters. Counters identified the same genera that comprised the highest and second highest percentages of the population in 88 percent of the calibration samples.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr84859","usgsCitation":"Cohen, R., Pollock, S., Stoelzel, V., and Boulukos, K., 1985, Phytoplankton Abundance and Generic Composition Data for the Potomac River and Estuary, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-859, iv, 28 p. **PUBLICATION PAGES ARE IN INCORRECT ORDER**, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84859.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p. **PUBLICATION PAGES ARE IN INCORRECT ORDER**","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":145244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0859/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40374,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0859/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.5,37.75 ], [ -77.5,39 ], [ -76,39 ], [ -76,37.75 ], [ -77.5,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685935","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohen, R.R.H.","contributorId":22194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"R.R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, S.O.","contributorId":102916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"S.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stoelzel, V.E.","contributorId":22195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoelzel","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boulukos, K.E.","contributorId":21411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boulukos","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":12257,"text":"ofr84610 - 1985 - Quantity and quality of storm runoff in the Irondequoit Creek basin near Rochester, New York; Part 1. Data-collection network and methods, quality-assurance program, and description of available data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T20:24:56.785677","indexId":"ofr84610","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-610","title":"Quantity and quality of storm runoff in the Irondequoit Creek basin near Rochester, New York; Part 1. Data-collection network and methods, quality-assurance program, and description of available data","docAbstract":"A 14-month data collection program of quantity and quality of storm precipitation and runoff was conducted in the Irondequoit Creek basin, a 438-sq km area along the south shore of Lake Ontario in north-central New York, from July 1980 through August 1981. The data from a basis for study of nutrient inflow to Irondequoit Bay. This report describes the methods used to collect and verify the data and includes some representative examples of the data base. Stream discharge and water quality data were collected at 17 sites representing rural and urban land uses. Precipitation data were collected at five continuous-record gages and 11 daily total gages. Evaporation data were collected at one site; chemical quality of precipitation and dustfall data were collected at four sites. Tables list watershed characteristics, precipitation data (including chemical quality of atmospheric deposition, monthly precipitation, and evaporation), and annual loadings of eight selected nutrients and heavy metals from the five major subbasins and three discrete land-use site. Examples of computer printouts of streamflow, precipitation, and water quality data available from the Geological Survey 's WATSTORE computer system are included. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84610","usgsCitation":"Zarriello, P.J., Harding, W.E., Yager, R.M., and Kappel, W.M., 1985, Quantity and quality of storm runoff in the Irondequoit Creek basin near Rochester, New York; Part 1. Data-collection network and methods, quality-assurance program, and description of available data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-610, vi, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84610.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401889,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27482.htm"},{"id":40421,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0610/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0610/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Rochester","otherGeospatial":"Irondequoit Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.625,\n 42.917\n ],\n [\n -77.325,\n 42.917\n ],\n [\n -77.325,\n 43.25\n ],\n [\n -77.625,\n 43.25\n ],\n [\n -77.625,\n 42.917\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635d68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarriello, Philip J.","contributorId":21588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harding, W. E.","contributorId":12527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harding","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yager, R. M.","contributorId":8069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kappel, W. M.","contributorId":18754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":28911,"text":"wri844337 - 1985 - Summary of hydrologic information for the Denver coal region, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri844337","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4337","title":"Summary of hydrologic information for the Denver coal region, Colorado","docAbstract":"A literature review of available hydrologic information for the Denver coal region is presented. Where little information is available, data from the U.S. Geological Survey 's WATSTORE data base are summarized. The information is divided into three categories: surface water, surface water quality, and groundwater. Data generally are lacking on surface water and surface water quality. The effects of man 's activities on streamflow quantity and quality are not known. Considerable literature is available on the major aquifers in the area, but less is known about the shallow groundwater system. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844337","usgsCitation":"Norris, J.M., Robson, S.G., and Parker, R.S., 1985, Summary of hydrologic information for the Denver coal region, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4337, v, 68 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844337.","productDescription":"v, 68 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4337/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57781,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4337/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57782,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4337/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57783,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4337/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57784,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4337/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69915c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norris, J. M.","contributorId":87953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robson, S. G.","contributorId":97102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, R. S.","contributorId":104510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":60662,"text":"mf1819 - 1985 - Seismicity map of the State of Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T11:33:23","indexId":"mf1819","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1819","title":"Seismicity map of the State of Montana","docAbstract":"This map is one of a series of seismicity maps produced by the U. S. Geological Survey that show earthquake data of individual states or groups of states at the scale of 1:1,000,000. This map shows only those earthquakes with epicenters located within the boundaries of Montana, even though earthquakes in bordering states or countries may have been felt or may have caused damage in Montana.
\nThe data in table 1 were used to compile the seismicity map; these data are a corrected, expanded, and updated (through 1981) version of the data used by Algermissen (1969) for a study of seismic risk in the United States. The locations and intensities of some earthquakes were revised and intensities were assigned where none had been before. Many earthquakes were added to the original list from new data sources as well as from some old data sources that had not been previously used. No earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 2.5 were located in Montana during 1981. The data in table 1 represent best estimates of the location of the epicenter, magnitude, and intensity of each earthquake on the basis of historical and current information. Some of the aftershocks from large earthquakes are listed, but not all, especially for earthquakes that occurred before seismic instruments were universally used.
\nSpecial criteria used in compiling the list of earthquake in the State of Montana include the following: (1) All earthquakes with epicenters along the Montana-Wyoming border with a latitude of 45° N are listed in Montana. (2) Aftershocks of the 1925 and 1935 earthquakes were assigned the same geographic locations as the main shocks. (3) Instrumental epicenters for the 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake and its aftershocks were 1ocated in Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming; only the ones located in Montana are included on this map. All non-instrumental locations were given the location of the main shock with an accuracy code that includes the community reporting the maximum intensity.
\nThe latitude and longitude coordinates of each epicenter were rounded to the nearest tenth of a degree and sorted so that all identical locations were grouped and counted. These locations are represented on the map by a triangle. The number of earthquakes at each location is shown on the map by the number to the right of the triangle. A Roman numeral to the left of a triangle is the maximum Modified Mercalli intensity (Wood and Neumann, 1931) of all earthquakes at that geographic location. The absence of an intensity value indicates that no intensities have been assigned to earthquakes at that location. The year shown below each triangle is the latest year for which the maximum intensity was recorded.
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1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-02T20:30:10.413945","indexId":"ofr85410","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-410","title":"Annual summary of ground-water conditions in Arizona, Spring 1983 to Spring 1984","docAbstract":"A summary map shows various aspects of groundwater availability in Arizona. Potential well production, in increments of 0 to 10 gpm, 10 to 500 gpm, and 50 to 2500 gpm (average 1000 gpm) os the primary emphasis of the map; however, data on changes in water level from spring 1983 to spring 1984, status of groundwater inventory, and estimated groundwater pumpage in Arizona in 1983, are also presented. The total water pumpage is also broken down by the following use categories: drainage, public supply, domestic, livestock, industrial and agricultural.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b83f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44464,"text":"wri854046 - 1985 - Occurrence of ground water and potential for seawater intrusion, Island County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:09","indexId":"wri854046","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4046","title":"Occurrence of ground water and potential for seawater intrusion, Island County, Washington","docAbstract":"The data from a study of groundwater availability and quality in Island County, Washington, are presented. Increased groundwater withdrawals associated with the population increase in Island County have caused concern about groundwater availability and potential seawater intrusion. The most widely used aquifer lies near sea level. Locally, available data indicate that one or more water-bearing zones lie above the sea-level aquifer. Pumpage in 1979 was about 1.67 billion gallons, about 90% of which was pumped from the sea-level aquifer. Most large producing wells in the county have pumping water levels near or below sea level, so that if pumping continues for a long enough time, seawater intrusion would result. Chloride concentrations in water samples taken in July 1978, April 1980 and August 1980 indicate that seawater intrusion is occurring in northeastern and southern Camano Island and in central Whidbey island. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri854046","usgsCitation":"Jones, M., 1985, Occurrence of ground water and potential for seawater intrusion, Island County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4046, 7 maps on 6 sheets ; 47 x 34 cm., sheets 61 x 76 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854046.","productDescription":"7 maps on 6 sheets ; 47 x 34 cm., sheets 61 x 76 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":81791,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4046/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81792,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4046/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81793,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4046/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81794,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4046/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81795,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4046/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":81796,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4046/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db6924b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, M. A.","contributorId":37736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28879,"text":"wri854197 - 1985 - Evaluation of the effects of coal-mine reclamation on water quality in Big Four Hollow near Lake Hope, southeastern Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri854197","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4197","title":"Evaluation of the effects of coal-mine reclamation on water quality in Big Four Hollow near Lake Hope, southeastern Ohio","docAbstract":"A subsurface clay dike and mine-entrance hydraulic seals were constructed from July 1979 through May 1980 by the Ohio Department if Natural Resources, Division of Reclamation to reduce acidic mine drainage from abandoned drift-mine complex 88 into Big Four Hollow Creek. Big Four Hollow Creek flows into Sandy Run--the major tributary to Lake Hope. A data-collection program was established in 1979 by the U.S. Geological Survey to evaluate effects of drift-mine sealing on surface-water systems of the Big Four Hollow Creek and Sandy Run area just below the mine.\r\n\r\nData collected by private consultants from 1970 through 1971 near the mouth of Big Four Hollow Creek (U.S. Geological Survey station 03201700) show that pH ranged from 2.7 to 4.8, with a median of 3.1. The calculated iron load was 50 pounds per day.\r\n\r\nData collecetd near the mouth of Big Four Hollow Creek (station 03201700) from 1971 through 1979 (before dike construction) show the daily pH ranged from 2.1 to 6.7; the median was 3.6. The daily specific conduction ranged from 72 to 3,500 microsiements per centimeter at 25? Celsius and averaged 770. The estimated loads of chemical constituents were: Sulfate, 1,100 pounds per day: iron, 54 pounds per day: and manganese, 12 pounds per day.\r\n\r\nAll postconstruction data collected at station 03201700 through the end of the project, May 1980 through June 30, 1983, show that the daily pH ranged from 2.4 to 7.7, with a median of 3.7. Daily specific conductance ranged from 87 to 3,200 microsiemens per centimeter and averaged 1,200. The estimated loads of chemical constituents for this period were: Sulfate, 1,000 pounds per day: iron, 44 pounds per day: and manganese, 16 pounds per day.\r\n\r\nStandard nonparametric statistical tests were performed on the data collected before and after reclamation. Differences at the 95-percent confidence level were found in the before- and after-reclamation data sets for specific conductance, aluminum, and manganese at station 03201700. Data collected during the first 6 months after reclamation indicated moderate improvement in water quality only because no highly mineralized water was leaking from the closed mine. Later, perhaps in Sepember 1980 increased hydraulic head behind the clay dike caused the mine water to seep out and degrade the stream-water quality.\r\n\r\nIn order to investigate leakages, dye was injected into two wells that penetrated the closed mine complex 88. One injection revealed that the dye moved to a discharge point at a nearby mine entrance known to be connected to complex 88. No discharge of dye was detected as a result of dye injection into the other well during the project.\r\n\r\nAcidic mine water continues to seep from the closed mine complex 88. A definitive evaluation of the effects of reclamation on the area's water quality cannot be made until the hydrologic system stabilizes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854197","usgsCitation":"Nichols, V., 1985, Evaluation of the effects of coal-mine reclamation on water quality in Big Four Hollow near Lake Hope, southeastern Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4197, vi, 215 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854197.","productDescription":"vi, 215 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4197/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57754,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4197/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa447","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, V.E.","contributorId":97930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1756,"text":"wsp2209 - 1985 - Digital models of ground-water flow in the Cape Cod aquifer system, Massachusetts","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9275,"text":"ofr8067 - 1981 - Digital models of ground-water flow in the Cape Cod aquifer system, Massachusetts","indexId":"ofr8067","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Digital models of ground-water flow in the Cape Cod aquifer system, Massachusetts"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1756,"text":"wsp2209 - 1985 - Digital models of ground-water flow in the Cape Cod aquifer system, Massachusetts","indexId":"wsp2209","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Digital models of ground-water flow in the Cape Cod aquifer system, Massachusetts"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:15","indexId":"wsp2209","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2209","title":"Digital models of ground-water flow in the Cape Cod aquifer system, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The Cape Cod aquifer system was simulated with three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water-flow models. Five areas were modeled to provide tools that can be used to evaluate the hydrologic impacts of regional water development and waste disposal. \r\n\r\nThe model boundaries were selected to represent the natural hydrologic boundaries of the aquifer. The boundary between fresh and saline ground water was treated as an interface along which there is no dispersion. The saline-water zone was treated as static (nonflowing). \r\n\r\nComparisons of calculated and observed values of head, position of the boundary between fresh and saline water, and ground-water discharge (at locations where data were available) indicate that the simulated groundwater reservoirs generally agree with field conditions. \r\n\r\nModel analyses indicate that the total steady-state freshwater-flow rate through the five modeled areas is approximately 412 cubic feet per second.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2209","usgsCitation":"Guswa, J.H., and LeBlanc, D.R., 1985, Digital models of ground-water flow in the Cape Cod aquifer system, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2209, v, 112 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2209.","productDescription":"v, 112 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2209/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26861,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2209/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a95e4b07f02db659744","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guswa, John H.","contributorId":97881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guswa","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":144088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28604,"text":"wri844126 - 1985 - Cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in the Hawaii District","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri844126","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4126","title":"Cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in the Hawaii District","docAbstract":"This project documents the results of a study of the cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in the Hawaii District. The stream gages in the District were divided into two groups, the State of Hawaii and the Other Pacific Areas. Data uses and funding sources were identified for the 124 continuous stream gages currently being operated in the Hawaii District with a budget of $570,620. All the stream-gages were identified as having sufficient reason to continue their operation and they should be maintained in the program for the foreseeable future. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, WRD,","doi":"10.3133/wri844126","usgsCitation":"Matsuoka, I., Lee, R., and Thomas, W.O., 1985, Cost-effectiveness of the stream-gaging program in the Hawaii District: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4126, vii, 76 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844126.","productDescription":"vii, 76 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121953,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4126/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57432,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4126/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57433,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4126/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57434,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4126/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683dee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matsuoka, I.","contributorId":44964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsuoka","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, R.","contributorId":97153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, W. O.","contributorId":101246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26252,"text":"wri854158 - 1985 - Satellite data-relay activities in Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:22","indexId":"wri854158","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4158","title":"Satellite data-relay activities in Arizona","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Arizona District collects data from automated streamflow stations for a wide variety of uses. Data from these stations are provided to Federal, State, and local agencies that have a responsibility to issue flood warnings; to generate forecasts of water availability; to monitor flow to insure compliance with treaties and other legal mandates; and to manage reservoirs for hydropower, flood abatement, and municipal and irrigation water supply. In the mid-1970's, the escalation of data collection costs and a need for more timely data led the Arizona District to examine alternatives for remote data acquisition. On the basis of successful data communications experiments with NASA 's Landsat satellite, an operational system for satellite-data relay was developed in 1976 using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations 's (NOAA) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES). A total of 62 data collection platforms (DCP's) was operated in 1983. Satellite telemetry operations are controlled at the remote data-collection stations by small battery-operated data collection platforms. The DCP 's periodically collect data from the sensors, store the data in computer memory, and at preset times transmit the data to the GOES satellite. The satellite retransmits the data to Earth where a ground-receive station transmits or transfers the data by land communications to the USGS computer in Reston, Virginia, for processing. The satellite relay transfers the data from sensor to computer in minutes; therefore, the data are available to users on a near real-time basis. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854158","usgsCitation":"Boner, F.C., Blee, J., and Shope, W., 1985, Satellite data-relay activities in Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4158, iv, 22 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854158.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4158/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55052,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4158/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd9da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boner, F. C.","contributorId":32136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boner","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blee, J.W.","contributorId":63815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blee","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shope, W.G.","contributorId":17272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shope","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":15963,"text":"ofr84470 - 1985 - Preliminary report on a study to estimate flood volumes of small rural streams in Ohio: Methods, site selection, and data base","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-12T21:23:29.88412","indexId":"ofr84470","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-470","title":"Preliminary report on a study to estimate flood volumes of small rural streams in Ohio: Methods, site selection, and data base","docAbstract":"In 1981, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Ohio Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration, began a 7-year flood-volume study of small rural basins in Ohio. This report summarizes the methods of study and describes reconnaissance and site-selection procedures, locations and characteristics of the stations, instrumentation, and methods of collecting and storing data.\r\n\r\nThe first phase of this study involved an intensive field reconnaissance of about 7,000 sites, of which 32 basins were selected for detailed analysis. Drainage areas for the basins varied from 0.13 to 6.45 square miles, and main-channel slopes ranged from 7.6 to 276 feet per mile.\r\n\r\nFive years of 5-minute rainfall-runoff data will be colledted for each study site. These data will be used to calibrate and verify a rainfall-runoff model for each basin. The calibrated model will be used in conjunction with 80 years of National Weather Service 5-minute precipitation data to synthesize a representative 80-year streamflow record at each site. A Log-Pearson Type III frequency distribution will be applied to each record to define the magnitudes and frequencies of flood volumes at each site. These data will be used to develop regionalized multiple regression models for estimating flood-volume magnitudes and frequencies at small rural ungaged sites in Ohio.\r\n\r\nThe report also summarizes rainfall-runoff data collected from July 1981 through September 1983, but does not interpret the data. An average of eleven event periods per site were monitored where maximum 5-minute rainfall intensities varied from 0.02 to .067 inches and maximum peak discharges varied from 1 to 1,130 cubic feet per second.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84470","usgsCitation":"Sherwood, J.M., 1985, Preliminary report on a study to estimate flood volumes of small rural streams in Ohio: Methods, site selection, and data base: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-470, v, 138 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84470.","productDescription":"v, 138 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":44924,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0470/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":406566,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cb60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherwood, J. M.","contributorId":83554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27397,"text":"wri854056 - 1985 - Geohydrology and ground-water flow at Verona Well Field, Battle Creek, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-29T14:31:14","indexId":"wri854056","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4056","title":"Geohydrology and ground-water flow at Verona Well Field, Battle Creek, Michigan","docAbstract":"The city of Battle Creek has 30 wells in the Verona well field capable of yielding 300 to 1,000 gallons per minute each. During summer, total withdrawals are as little as 6,000 gallons per minute. In early 1984, only 9 to 12 of the wells were being used; the remaining wells were contaminated by volatile hydrocarbons.
Ground water at and near Verona well field generally flows toward Battle Creek River except where directions are altered by pumping. During summer, especially during periods when withdrawals are as much as 12,000 gallons per minute, a large cone of depression develops and water is drawn to the well field from several thousand feet away. During winter, when withdrawals are as little as 6,000 gallons per minute, the cone is smaller.
Ground-water flow is in three aquifers--a sand and gravel aquifer in deposits of Pleistocene age that overlies upper and lower sandstone aquifers of the Marshall Formation of Mississippian age. Model-simulated data that best matched measured data indicate horizontal hydraulic conductivities ranging from 15 to 110 feet per day for the sand and gravel aquifer, 150 feet per day for the upper sandstone aquifer, and 550 feet per day for the lower sandstone aquifer. Recharge was simulated at rates ranging from 8 to 13 inches per year.
Model simulations to evaluate the feasibility of installing new supply wells immediately north of the present field indicate that pumping 3,750 gallons per minute from new wells at the site would produce about 7 feet of drawdown in the lower sandstone aquifer in the vicinity of the new wells. Because the new wells tap only the lower sandstone aquifer, the pumping would have little effect on the potentiometric surfaces for the two overlying aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri854056","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Battle Creek, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Grannemann, N., and Twenter, F.R., 1985, Geohydrology and ground-water flow at Verona Well Field, Battle Creek, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4056, vi, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854056.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri854056.jpg"},{"id":318880,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4056/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Battle Creek","otherGeospatial":"Verona Well Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.374755859375,\n 42.19291648699529\n ],\n [\n -85.374755859375,\n 42.386951440524854\n ],\n [\n -84.990234375,\n 42.386951440524854\n ],\n [\n -84.990234375,\n 42.19291648699529\n ],\n [\n -85.374755859375,\n 42.19291648699529\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aefe4b07f02db691691","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grannemann, N.G.","contributorId":11221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grannemann","given":"N.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twenter, F. R.","contributorId":81080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twenter","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":48909,"text":"ofr8582 - 1985 - Data on the distribution and abundance of submersed aquatic vegetation in the tidal Potomac River and transition zone of the Potomac Estuary, Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia, 1983-1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:05","indexId":"ofr8582","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-82","title":"Data on the distribution and abundance of submersed aquatic vegetation in the tidal Potomac River and transition zone of the Potomac Estuary, Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia, 1983-1984","docAbstract":"Data on the distribution and abundance of submerged aquatic vegetation were collected in the tidal Potomac River and transition zone of the Potomac Estuary during 1983 and 1984. Plant species were identifed on transects. Water-quality characteristics measured include temperature, specific conductance, and Secchi depth. Maps were made of the distribution of individual species based on transect samples and a complete shoreline survey. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr8582","usgsCitation":"Carter, V., Rybicki, N.B., Anderson, R.T., Trombley, T.J., and Zynjuk, G., 1985, Data on the distribution and abundance of submersed aquatic vegetation in the tidal Potomac River and transition zone of the Potomac Estuary, Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia, 1983-1984: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-82, 61 p. : maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8582.","productDescription":"61 p. : maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0082/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":85802,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0082/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c834","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Virginia","contributorId":12018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Virginia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rybicki, N. B.","contributorId":97504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybicki","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, R. T.","contributorId":17614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trombley, T. J.","contributorId":75161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trombley","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zynjuk, G.L.","contributorId":36182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zynjuk","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":238551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":30584,"text":"wri854107 - 1985 - Seismic-refraction study of suspected drift-filled bedrock valleys in Ramsey County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:17:36","indexId":"wri854107","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4107","title":"Seismic-refraction study of suspected drift-filled bedrock valleys in Ramsey County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"Seismic-refraction surveys were made across suspected buried, drift-filled bedrock valleys believed to underlie two sites of known ground-water contamination the Twin Cities Army Ammunition Plant (TCAAP) near New Brighton and the former Koppers Coke Plant in St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minnesota. Refraction data were collected along two lines at each site; each line traversed the axis of a suspected valley.
\nDrift-filled bedrock valleys were thought to incise the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer to an altitude between 500 and 560 feet above sea level at the TCAAP site. The interpretation of one seismic profile indicates that a valley probably does not exist under the area surveyed; the modeled depth profile shows the bedrock surface ranging between altitudes of about 700 to 780 feet. Interpretation of a second seismic profile just south of the TCAAP indicates that a shallow valley may exist under the northern half of the line; the modeled depth profile shows that the bedrock surface declines from an altitude of about 780 feet to about 690 feet over a horizontal distance of 400 feet.
\nA drift-filled bedrock valley was thought to incise the St. Peter aquifer to an altitude between 770 and 800 feet above sea level at the Koppers site. The interpretation of a seismic profile just east of the Koppers site is not conclusive, but suggests that a bedrock valley may be present near the middle of the line. The interpretation of a second seismic profile across the westward extension of the same suspected valley also is not conclusive, but suggests that a bedrock valley may be present at the north end of the line. The optimal field layout for each line at the site (longer shot offsets) could not be obtained because of limited space available in the densely developed residential neighborhoods.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri854107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Woodward, D.G., 1985, Seismic-refraction study of suspected drift-filled bedrock valleys in Ramsey County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4107, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854107.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4107/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59342,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4107/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Ramsey County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-93.0207,45.1258],[-92.9838,45.1247],[-92.9875,44.8924],[-92.9978,44.8924],[-93.0191,44.8929],[-93.0229,44.8948],[-93.0294,44.8966],[-93.0357,44.904],[-93.0447,44.9122],[-93.0498,44.9168],[-93.0524,44.9204],[-93.0608,44.9209],[-93.0666,44.921],[-93.0904,44.9215],[-93.0897,44.9251],[-93.0975,44.9252],[-93.0981,44.9215],[-93.1084,44.922],[-93.1271,44.9225],[-93.1297,44.9198],[-93.1342,44.9175],[-93.1375,44.9143],[-93.1426,44.9102],[-93.1504,44.9039],[-93.1556,44.9002],[-93.164,44.8979],[-93.1704,44.8975],[-93.1775,44.8989],[-93.1833,44.8998],[-93.1897,44.9026],[-93.1955,44.904],[-93.1987,44.9085],[-93.2026,44.9122],[-93.2038,44.9145],[-93.2058,44.9172],[-93.2051,44.9209],[-93.2044,44.9263],[-93.2044,44.9305],[-93.2031,44.935],[-93.2037,44.9405],[-93.2044,44.9441],[-93.2063,44.9469],[-93.2062,44.9583],[-93.2059,45.0373],[-93.2272,45.0373],[-93.2262,45.1255],[-93.0207,45.1258]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Ramsey\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5efcfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodward, D. G.","contributorId":106458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}