The need for accurate information regarding the transit losses and traveltimes associated with releases from Pueblo Reservoir has been stimulated by construction of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation's Fryingpan-Arkansas Project and a proposed winter-water storage program in Pueblo Reservoir. To meet this need, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Southeastern Colorado Water Conservancy District, studied the Arkansas River from Pueblo Reservoir to John Martin Reservoir, a distance of 142 river miles.
The volumes of reservoir releases are decreased or delayed during tran-sit by bank storage, channel storage, and evaporation. Results from a com-puter model, calibrated by a controlled-test release from Pueblo Reservoir, indicate transit losses are greatest for small releases of short duration that are made during periods of low antecedent streamflow. For equivalent releases, transit losses during the winter are about 7 percent less than losses during the summer.
Based on available streamflow records, the traveltime of reservoir releases in the study reach ranges from about 1.67 hours per mile at the downstream end of the study reach when antecedent streamflow is 10 cubic feet per second, to about 0.146 hour per mile at the upstream end of the study reach when antecedent streamflow is 3,000 cubic feet per second. Consequently, the traveltime of a release increases as antecedent streamflow diminishes.
Management practices that may be used to benefit water users in the study area include selection of the optimum time, rate, and duration of a reservoir release to minimize the transit losses, determination of an accurate traveltime, and diversion at several incremental rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7875","usgsCitation":"Livingston, R.K., 1978, Transit losses and traveltimes of reservoir releases along the Arkansas River from Pueblo Reservoir to John Martin Reservoir, southeastern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-75, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7875.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0075/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359413,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0075/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.732666015625,\n 37.9051994823157\n ],\n [\n -102.7606201171875,\n 37.9051994823157\n ],\n [\n -102.7606201171875,\n 38.324420427006544\n ],\n [\n -104.732666015625,\n 38.324420427006544\n ],\n [\n -104.732666015625,\n 37.9051994823157\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f129c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Livingston, Russell K.","contributorId":69582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livingston","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18534,"text":"ofr78932 - 1978 - Proposed parameters for an automated mapping satellite (Mapsat) system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-17T19:21:08.391072","indexId":"ofr78932","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-932","title":"Proposed parameters for an automated mapping satellite (Mapsat) system","docAbstract":"Landsats-1, -2, and -3, although not defined as mapping satellites, are in fact effectively recording the Earth in a form suitable for presentation as small-scale image maps. These spacecraft have demonstrated the effectiveness of Earth sensing, which must now move from the research to the operational phase. Landsat-D is designed to continue the research effort, but NASA, whose charter precludes operations, has not defined an operational system. An operational Landsat has previously been proposed in technical terms, but this concept was limited to the orthographic (2-dimensional) mode demonstrated by Landsat-1, -2, and -3. Mapping involves topography as well as planimetry, and a satellite compatible with the Landsat that also resolves the 3-dimensional mode of topography is proposed. Such a satellite requires very high stability and pointing accuracy. The current state-of-the-art permits such a satellite to be built and flown in a mode suitable for automated modeling of the Earth's surface in 3- as well as 2-dimensional modes. The satellite would be complementary to or could be combined with the operational Landsat previously proposed and it is suggested it be designated the Automated Mapping Satellite or Mapsat.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78932","usgsCitation":"Colvocoresses, A.P., 1978, Proposed parameters for an automated mapping satellite (Mapsat) system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-932, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78932.","productDescription":"9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150707,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0932/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":500107,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0932/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d457","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colvocoresses, Alden P.","contributorId":72779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvocoresses","given":"Alden","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":179295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28358,"text":"wri787 - 1978 - A rainfall-runoff modeling procedure for improving estimates of T-year (annual) floods for small drainage basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:35","indexId":"wri787","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-7","title":"A rainfall-runoff modeling procedure for improving estimates of T-year (annual) floods for small drainage basins","docAbstract":"Maps depicting the influence of a climatic factor, C, on the magnitude of synthetic T-year (annual) floods were prepared for a large portion of the eastern United States. The climatic factors were developed by regression analysis of flood data using a parametric rainfall-runoff model and long-term rainfall records. Map estimates of C values and calibrated values of rainfall-runoff model parameters were used as variables in a synthetic T-year flood relation to compute ' map-model ' flood estimates for 98 small drainage basins in a six-state study area. Improved estimates of T-year floods were computed as a weighted average of the map-model estimate and an observed estimate, with the weights proportional to the relative accuracies of the two estimates. The accuracy of the map-model estimates was appraised by decomposing components of variance into average time-sampling error associated with the observed estimates and average map-model error. Map-model estimates have an accuracy, in terms of equivalent length of observed record, that ranges from 6 years for the 1.25-year flood up to 30 years for the 50- and 100-year flood. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri787","usgsCitation":"Lichty, R.W., and Liscum, F., 1978, A rainfall-runoff modeling procedure for improving estimates of T-year (annual) floods for small drainage basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-7, iv, 44 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri787.","productDescription":"iv, 44 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57162,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a870a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lichty, Robert W.","contributorId":7697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichty","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liscum, Fred","contributorId":95463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liscum","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28452,"text":"wri7813 - 1978 - An analysis of stream temperatures, Green River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri7813","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-13","title":"An analysis of stream temperatures, Green River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"A method for estimating temperatures of streams in the Green River basin, Wyoming, utilizes a regional model for estimating mean daily temperatures of streams at unmeasured sites. The regional model was developed by describing annual temperature patterns at 43 measured sites and by applying the harmonic function T = M + A -sin (0.0172 t + C)- where: T is mean daily temperature; M, A, and C are harmonic coefficients calculated from data for each stream-temperature station; and t is the day of the water year. Application of the equation for estimating temperatures at unmeasured sites requires regionalized estimates of M, A, and C. Regional estimates were developed with the aid of multiple-regression techniques, whereby the calculated harmonic coefficients were regressed against physical and climatic characteristics of the stream-temperature stations. Stream elevation was a significant factor affecting water temperature. Analysis of areal and temporal variations in temperature showed that springs, irrigation return flows, and reservoir storage were affecting reaches of several major streams. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri7813","usgsCitation":"Lowham, H., 1978, An analysis of stream temperatures, Green River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-13, vi, 41 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7813.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0013/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57253,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68586a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowham, H. W.","contributorId":8111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowham","given":"H. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20544,"text":"ofr781021 - 1978 - Hot, deep origin of petroleum: shelf and shallow basin evidence and application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:40","indexId":"ofr781021","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-1021","title":"Hot, deep origin of petroleum: shelf and shallow basin evidence and application","docAbstract":"Oil and gas pools in shallow basins or on the shallow, stable shelves of deeper sedimentary basins may not be exceptions to the model of a hot deep origin of petroleum. The oil in shallow basins is directly associated with faulting extending out of the deepest parts of the basin. Evidence exists that some of these shallow basins have been much hotter in the past either from igneous activity or from a higher geothermal gradient. Uplift and erosion may also have removed substantial thicknesses of sediments in some of these basins. Oil on the stable shallow shelves of deep basins may have originated in the deeper part of the basin and undergone long lateral migration to the traps where it is now found. Conduits for such migration have been sandstones in delta-distributary systems (eastern Oklahoma and Kansas), reef trends (Alberta, Canada), or regional porosity and permeability in sheet carbonates (Anadarko basin, western Oklahoma and Kansas).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr781021","usgsCitation":"Price, L.C., 1978, Hot, deep origin of petroleum: shelf and shallow basin evidence and application: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1021, 72 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr781021.","productDescription":"72 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1021/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50062,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1021/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688080","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Leigh C.","contributorId":39379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Leigh","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":8453,"text":"ofr78266 - 1978 - Five-day recorder seismic system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:05","indexId":"ofr78266","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-266","title":"Five-day recorder seismic system","docAbstract":"The 10-day recorder seismic system used by the USGS since 1965 has been modified substantially to improve its dynamic range and frequency response, to decrease its power consumption and physical complexity, and to make its recordings more compatible with other NCER systems to facilitate data processing. The principal changes include:\r\n\r\n 1. increasing tape speed from 15/160 ips to 15/80 ips (reducing running time from 10 days to 5 days with a 14' reel of 1 mil tape),\r\n\r\n 2. increasing the FM center frequency by a factor of 4, from 84.4 Hz to 337.6 Hz,\r\n\r\n 3. replacing the original amplifiers and FM modulators with new low-power units,\r\n\r\n 4. replacing the chronometer with a higher quality time code generator (with IRIG-C) to permit automation of data retrieval,\r\n\r\n 5. eliminating the amplifier/WWVB radio field case by incorporating these elements, along with the new TCG, in the weatherproof tape-recorder box,\r\n\r\n 6. reducing the power consumption of the motor-drive circuit by removal of a redundant component.\r\n\r\nIn the new system, the tape-recorder case houses all components except the seismometers, the WWVB antenna, the 70-amp-hour 12-VDC battery (which powers the system for 5 days), and the cables to connect these external elements to the recorder box.\r\n\r\nThe objectives of this report are:\r\n\r\n 1. to describe the new 5-day-recorder seismic system in terms of its constituent parts and their functions,\r\n\r\n 2. to describe modifications to parts of the original system that were retained and to document new or replacement components with appropriate circuit diagrams and constructional details,\r\n\r\n 3. to provide detailed instructions for the correct adjustment or alignment of the system in the laboratory, and\r\n\r\n 4. to provide detailed instructions for installing and operating the system in the field. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78266","usgsCitation":"Criley, E., Eaton, J.P., and Ellis, J., 1978, Five-day recorder seismic system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-266, 85 leaves :ill. ;28 cm.; (86 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78266.","productDescription":"85 leaves :ill. ;28 cm.; (86 p. - PGS)","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_78_266.gif"},{"id":14390,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0266/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5ede4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Criley, Ed","contributorId":30626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criley","given":"Ed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eaton, Jerry P.","contributorId":22341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellis, Jim","contributorId":12035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30417,"text":"wri7846 - 1978 - Digital model of ground-water flow in the Piceance Basin, Rio Blanco and Garfield Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:55","indexId":"wri7846","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-46","title":"Digital model of ground-water flow in the Piceance Basin, Rio Blanco and Garfield Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"The digital model used to simulate ground-water flow in the aquifer system in the basin drained by Piceance and Yellow Creeks in northwestern Colorado is described in detail. The model is quasi three-dimensional in that it simulates ground-water flow in a multiaquifer system by assuming horizontal flow in the aquifers and vertical flow through the confining layers separating the aquifers. The model uses the iterative alternating-direction implicit procedure to solve the finite-difference flow equations. The digital model is documented by a program listing and flow charts. Data used in the model and sample output are presented to document the simulation of steady-state flow in the aquifer system. The variables used in the computer program and program options are discussed in detail. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri7846","usgsCitation":"Weeks, J., 1978, Digital model of ground-water flow in the Piceance Basin, Rio Blanco and Garfield Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-46, iv, 108 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7846.","productDescription":"iv, 108 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0046/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59186,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65aa47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weeks, John B.","contributorId":36123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30418,"text":"wri7870 - 1978 - Plan of study for the High Plains regional aquifer-system analysis in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-06T14:02:30","indexId":"wri7870","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-70","title":"Plan of study for the High Plains regional aquifer-system analysis in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","docAbstract":"The Ogallala Formation and associated Tertiary and Quarternary deposits form the principal aquifers supporting irrigation in the High Plains of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. The volume of water in storage within the aquifers is declining in most of the High Plains because water is being withdrawn in excess of the rate of replenishment. The U.S. Geological Survey has initiated a 5-year study of the High Plains aquifer system to develop the geohydrologic data base and computer models of the ground-water flow system needed to evaluate the response of the aquifer,system to ground-water management alternatives. This report describes the objectives, plan, and organization of the study and outlines the work to be accomplished in each state in the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7870","usgsCitation":"Weeks, J., 1978, Plan of study for the High Plains regional aquifer-system analysis in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-70, iii, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7870.","productDescription":"iii, 28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0070/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":349812,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0070/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 32\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66ce9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weeks, John B.","contributorId":36123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5895,"text":"pp1039 - 1978 - Postcrystalline deformation of the Pelona Schist bordering Leona Valley, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:49","indexId":"pp1039","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1039","title":"Postcrystalline deformation of the Pelona Schist bordering Leona Valley, southern California","docAbstract":"Detailed structural investigations in part of the Leona Valley segment of the San Andreas fault zone, 5-16 km west of Palm dale, focused on the postcrystalline deformation of the block of Mesozoic(?) Pelona Schist underlying Portal and Ritter Ridges. The early fabric of the schist is modified and in places obliterated by cataclasis along shear zones near the San Andreas fault and the Hitchbrook fault, a major west-striking branch of the San Andreas fault system. Anastomosing shear foliations, fabric elements of the postcrystalline deformation, intersect at small angles to one another and are generally vertical or steeply dipping to the north-northeast; they are subparallel to the Hitchbrook fault. Many of these shear foliations are nearly parallel to the compositional layering and schistosity, which commonly dip at moderately steep angles to the northwest. Folds in the shear foliation, commonly intrafolial, generally plunge at moderately steep angles to the north-northeast or are nearly vertical. Other folds, various in form, have axes parallel to the intersections of the early schistosity and the shear foliations and plunge in many other directions. \r\n\r\nFaults, roughly similar in orientation to the shear foliations, have orientations subparallel to large-scale structures and structural features in the Leona Valley area and in southern California: the San Andreas fault zone in Leona Valley, the Hitchbrook fault, the Garlock fault zone, steep northward-striking faults, the San Andreas fault zone north and south of the Transverse Ranges, and the generally northwest-dipping early compositional layering of the schist. \r\n\r\nSlickensides on some of the minor faults indicate that the latest movements on the steep faults are predominantly strike slip with indications of less common episodes of predominantly dip slip. The low-angle faults have oblique slip with a large dip component.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1039","usgsCitation":"Evans, J.G., 1978, Postcrystalline deformation of the Pelona Schist bordering Leona Valley, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1039, 17 p.; 1 plate in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1039.","productDescription":"17 p.; 1 plate in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1039/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32746,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1039/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32747,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1039/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c43b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, James George","contributorId":73578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":66275,"text":"i1087 - 1978 - Channel migration of the White River in the eastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-16T11:09:56","indexId":"i1087","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1087","title":"Channel migration of the White River in the eastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","docAbstract":"The White River is the largest stream in the southeastern part of the Uinta Basin in Utah and Colorado. This map shows the changes that have occurred in the location of the main channel of the river from 1936 to 1974. The map indicated that certain reaches of the river are subject to different rates of channel migration. Also shown is the boundary of the flood plain, which is mapped at the point of abrupt break in slope. This map documents the position of the river channel prior to any withdrawals of water or alteration of the flow characteristics of the white river that may occur in order to meet water requirements principally associated with the proposed oil-shale industry or other development in the area.
The channel locations were determined from aerial photographs taken at four different time periods for the following Federal agencies: In 1936, U.S. Soil Conservation Services; 1953, U.S. Corps of Engineers; 1965, U.S. Geological Survey; and in 1974, U.S. Bureau of Land Management. The 1936 delineation, which is actually based upon photographs that were taken in 1936 and 1937, was made by projection of the original photographs on a base map that was prepared from 1:24,000 scale topographic maps. The 1953, 1965, and 1974 delineations were produced from stereographic models. The 1965 delineation was compiled from photographs that were taken during 1962-65. The delineation is labeled as 1965 for simplicity, however, because the photographs for 1965 cover about 60 percent of the study read of the river, and because no changed were discernable in those areas of repetitive photographic coverage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i1087","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Jurado, A., and Fields, F.K., 1978, Channel migration of the White River in the eastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1087, 1 Map: 33.95 x 39.64 Inches; Cover: 9.20 x 11.87 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1087.","productDescription":"1 Map: 33.95 x 39.64 Inches; Cover: 9.20 x 11.87 inches","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":255735,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1087/plate-1.pdf","text":"Map I-1087","size":"8.57 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":255736,"rank":300,"type":{"id":8,"text":"Cover"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1087/report.pdf","text":"Folio Cover","size":"29.2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":255737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1087/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Uinta Basin, White River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.70083333333334,39.916666666666664 ], [ -109.70083333333334,40.1175 ], [ -109,40.1175 ], [ -109,39.916666666666664 ], [ -109.70083333333334,39.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e6296","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jurado, Antonio","contributorId":73264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurado","given":"Antonio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fields, Fred K.","contributorId":69981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fields","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":7526,"text":"ofr78801 - 1978 - A statistical summary and listing of the spectrographic analyses of heavy mineral concentrate and conventional, sieved stream-sediment samples, Silver City area, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-19T17:57:26.57247","indexId":"ofr78801","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-801","title":"A statistical summary and listing of the spectrographic analyses of heavy mineral concentrate and conventional, sieved stream-sediment samples, Silver City area, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Geochemical sampling of a tier of eight 7 1/2-minute quadrangles bordered by latitudes 32° 45'and 33° 00' N. and longitudes 108° 00' and 108° 30' W. was begun in the fall of 1974 and continued seasonally until completion in the fall of 1976. These quadrangles are in southwest New Mexico and include the well-known mineral deposits of the Silver City area. The sampling was designed to gain semidetailed information on the metal-anomaly characteristics of the strongly mineralized area surrounding Silver City, New Mexico, and to seek geochemical clues for the continuation of these mineral deposits beneath overlying Tertiary volcanic rocks to the north.
The data obtained within areas of known mineral deposits provide information on the metallogenic processes and metal suites that both relate and distinguish metal systems. Evaluation of this information relative to the regional geologic framework and the distribution of known mineral deposits will result in the identification of additional target areas for exploration, as well as further our understanding of the geochemical characteristics of mineralized areas. Extrapolation of models developed from the study of areas of known, exposed mineralization to areas covered by Tertiary volcanic rocks, such as the northern part of this tier of quadrangles, is a promising procedure for continuing research into geochemical-anomaly characteristics of covered mineral deposits.
Preliminary interpretation of the data indicates that the southern part of the area in which Paleozoic-Mesozoic rocks and mineral deposits are exposed, should be reassessed to the classification and genesis of some of the deposits and to the types of mineral commodities that may be present. Some wholly new exploration targets within these areas are also indicated by some of the data. In addition, geochemical clues to buried mineral deposits, possibly representing continuation northward of some features of the Silver City mining district, have been observed in data from the northern, Tertiary volcanic areas. The meanings of these clues are still speculative.
For this study, 917 stream-sediment and 921 stream-sediment concentrate samples were collected. The stream-sediment-concentrate samples, which consist of heavy minerals, were split into magnetic and nonmagnetic fractions, each of which was analyzed. This resulted in the analysis of 1,842 heavy-mineral and 917 sieved stream-sediment samples.
Analytical results for all of the sample types are summarized statistically on table 1 and tabulated in their entirety on table 2.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78801","usgsCitation":"Watts, K.C., Hassemer, J., Siems, D.F., and Nishi, J.M., 1978, A statistical summary and listing of the spectrographic analyses of heavy mineral concentrate and conventional, sieved stream-sediment samples, Silver City area, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-801, i, 247 leaves ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78801.","productDescription":"i, 247 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":500205,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0801/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140204,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0801/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Silver City","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-105.998003,32.002328],[-106.099756,32.002492],[-106.125534,32.002533],[-106.18184,32.00205],[-106.200699,32.001785],[-106.205915,32.001762],[-106.313307,32.001512],[-106.376861,32.001172],[-106.377165,32.001177],[-106.394298,32.001484],[-106.411075,32.001334],[-106.565142,32.000736],[-106.566056,32.000759],[-106.587972,32.000749],[-106.595333,32.000778],[-106.598639,32.000754],[-106.599096,32.000731],[-106.618486,32.000495],[-106.619448,31.994733],[-106.623568,31.990999],[-106.631182,31.989809],[-106.636492,31.985719],[-106.639529,31.980348],[-106.638186,31.97682],[-106.630114,31.971258],[-106.626466,31.97069],[-106.623216,31.97291],[-106.621873,31.972933],[-106.619569,31.971578],[-106.618745,31.966955],[-106.619371,31.964777],[-106.620454,31.963403],[-106.624299,31.961054],[-106.625535,31.957476],[-106.625123,31.954531],[-106.622819,31.952891],[-106.617708,31.956008],[-106.614702,31.956],[-106.616136,31.948439],[-106.623659,31.94551],[-106.622377,31.940863],[-106.622117,31.936621],[-106.622529,31.934863],[-106.625322,31.930053],[-106.629747,31.92657],[-106.628663,31.923614],[-106.623933,31.925335],[-106.611846,31.920003],[-106.614346,31.918003],[-106.623445,31.914034],[-106.625947,31.912227],[-106.633668,31.90979],[-106.64084,31.904598],[-106.645479,31.89867],[-106.645646,31.895649],[-106.645296,31.894859],[-106.6429,31.892933],[-106.638154,31.891663],[-106.633927,31.889184],[-106.630692,31.886411],[-106.629197,31.883717],[-106.630799,31.879697],[-106.634873,31.874478],[-106.63588,31.871514],[-106.635926,31.866235],[-106.627808,31.860593],[-106.625763,31.856276],[-106.621857,31.852854],[-106.614637,31.84649],[-106.605845,31.846305],[-106.605245,31.845905],[-106.602045,31.844405],[-106.601945,31.839605],[-106.605267,31.827912],[-106.602727,31.825024],[-106.593826,31.824901],[-106.589045,31.822706],[-106.588045,31.822106],[-106.582144,31.815506],[-106.581344,31.813906],[-106.577244,31.810406],[-106.570944,31.810206],[-106.566844,31.813306],[-106.563444,31.812606],[-106.562945,31.811104],[-106.558444,31.810406],[-106.547144,31.807305],[-106.545344,31.805007],[-106.544714,31.804287],[-106.542144,31.802107],[-106.542097,31.802146],[-106.535843,31.798607],[-106.535343,31.797507],[-106.535154,31.797089],[-106.534743,31.796107],[-106.533043,31.791907],[-106.533,31.791829],[-106.53248,31.791914],[-106.530515,31.792103],[-106.527943,31.790507],[-106.527738,31.789761],[-106.527623,31.789119],[-106.527997,31.786945],[-106.528543,31.784407],[-106.528543,31.783907],[-106.750547,31.783706],[-106.750547,31.783898],[-106.993544,31.783689],[-106.998235,31.783671],[-107.00056,31.783679],[-107.00056,31.783513],[-107.296824,31.783762],[-107.422246,31.783599],[-107.422495,31.783599],[-108.208394,31.783599],[-108.208087,31.613489],[-108.208521,31.499798],[-108.208572,31.499742],[-108.208573,31.333395],[-108.707657,31.333191],[-108.788711,31.332365],[-108.851105,31.332301],[-108.861028,31.332315],[-109.050044,31.332502],[-109.050173,31.480004],[-109.049843,31.499515],[-109.049813,31.499528],[-109.049112,31.636598],[-109.049195,31.796551],[-109.048763,31.810776],[-109.049106,31.843715],[-109.048769,31.861383],[-109.04859,31.870791],[-109.048599,32.013651],[-109.048731,32.028174],[-109.048296,32.084093],[-109.048286,32.089114],[-109.047612,32.426377],[-109.047653,32.681379],[-109.047653,32.686327],[-109.047645,32.689988],[-109.047638,32.693439],[-109.047117,32.777569],[-109.047117,32.77757],[-109.04748,33.06842],[-109.047453,33.069427],[-109.046905,33.091931],[-109.047013,33.092917],[-109.047117,33.137559],[-109.047116,33.137995],[-109.047237,33.208965],[-109.04747,33.250063],[-109.046827,33.365272],[-109.046909,33.36557],[-109.047045,33.36928],[-109.04687,33.372654],[-109.046564,33.37506],[-109.047298,33.409783],[-109.046662,33.625055],[-109.047145,33.74001],[-109.046941,33.778233],[-109.046426,33.875052],[-109.047006,34.00005],[-109.046182,34.522393],[-109.046182,34.522553],[-109.046156,34.579291],[-109.046086,34.771016],[-109.045363,34.785406],[-109.046104,34.799981],[-109.045624,34.814226],[-109.046072,34.828566],[-109.045851,34.959718],[-109.046024,35.175499],[-109.046084,35.250025],[-109.046796,35.363606],[-109.046481,35.546326],[-109.046509,35.54644],[-109.046296,35.614251],[-109.046295,35.616517],[-109.046024,35.8798],[-109.046055,35.888721],[-109.046054,35.92586],[-109.046011,35.925896],[-109.045973,36.002338],[-109.045729,36.117028],[-109.046183,36.181751],[-109.045431,36.500001],[-109.045433,36.874589],[-109.045407,36.874998],[-109.045272,36.968871],[-109.045244,36.969489],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-108.958868,36.998913],[-108.954404,36.998906],[-108.620309,36.999287],[-108.619689,36.999249],[-108.379203,36.999459],[-108.320721,36.99951],[-108.320464,36.999499],[-108.2884,36.99952],[-108.288086,36.999555],[-108.250635,36.999561],[-108.249358,36.999015],[-108.000623,37.000001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C.","contributorId":49344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"K.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hassemer, J.R.","contributorId":18761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hassemer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Siems, D. F.","contributorId":101239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siems","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nishi, J. M.","contributorId":89886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishi","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":9006,"text":"ofr78321 - 1978 - Computer program for a generic western coal region simulated model developed to investigate potential applications of system dynamics modeling to the EIS process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:00","indexId":"ofr78321","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-321","title":"Computer program for a generic western coal region simulated model developed to investigate potential applications of system dynamics modeling to the EIS process","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78321","usgsCitation":"Mark, R.K., Harwood, D.S., Doell, R., and Newman, E.B., 1978, Computer program for a generic western coal region simulated model developed to investigate potential applications of system dynamics modeling to the EIS process: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-321, 82 leaves :ill. ;28 cm.; (84 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78321.","productDescription":"82 leaves :ill. ;28 cm.; (84 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0321/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36645,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0321/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7885","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mark, R. K.","contributorId":32159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harwood, D. S.","contributorId":48937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwood","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doell, Richard R.","contributorId":66683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doell","given":"Richard R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newman, E. B.","contributorId":52571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"E.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":26763,"text":"wri7890 - 1978 - Users guide for distributed routing rainfall-runoff model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"wri7890","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-90","title":"Users guide for distributed routing rainfall-runoff model","docAbstract":"A computer program of a watershed model for routing urban flood discharges through a branched system of pipes or natural channels using rainfall as input has been developed and documented. The model combines soil-moisture-accounting and rainfall-excess components developed by Dawdy and others (1972) with the kinematic-wave routing method presented by Leclerc and Schaake (1973). (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, Gulf Coast Hydroscience Center, National Space Technology Laboratories,","doi":"10.3133/wri7890","usgsCitation":"Dawdy, D., Schaake, J.C., and Alley, W., 1978, Users guide for distributed routing rainfall-runoff model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-90, iv, 146 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7890.","productDescription":"iv, 146 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0090/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55653,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0090/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49cbe4b07f02db5d83e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawdy, D.R.","contributorId":99956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawdy","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaake, John C. Jr.","contributorId":76359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaake","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alley, William M.","contributorId":93030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":39588,"text":"pp813J - 1978 - Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Great Lakes region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T21:28:12.000689","indexId":"pp813J","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"813","chapter":"J","title":"Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Great Lakes region","docAbstract":"The Great Lakes Regions, as a whole, has abundant supplies of water. Nearly 805,000 billion cubic feet of water is contained in the Great Lakes. An additional 35,000 billion cubic feet of potable ground water is available from storage in the region. Estimated ground-water discharge to the streams and lakes of the region is 26 billion gallons per day.
\nDespite this abundance of water, the United States part of the Great Lakes basin is faced with many water-related problems, most of which involve water quality and water supply. Other problems concern periods of low flow in streams, preservation of wetlands, detrimental effects of erosion, and flooding. The significance of ground water in these problems is often overlooked.
\nGround water can be an alternative to surface water as a source of supply, or it can be used conjunctively with surface water to provide flexibility in water-supply management. Ground water supplied approximately 1,800 million gallons per day of the 39,900 million gallons. per day used in the Great Lakes Region in 1970. The ground-water contribution was only 4.5 percent of the water used. Thus, ground water represents a potential source of supply for much of the region. It also can be used, where conditions permit, to maintain lake levels and flow in streams, to dilute poor quality surface water, and to maintain or create wetlands and ponds.
\nIn managing water resources, ground water and surface water should be considered parts of a single system. Management includes not only planning and controlling the development but also monitoring the effects of this development. Recent advances in ground-water hydrology have provided methods to resolve some of the development and management questions that formerly slowed the development of ground water.
\nAll of the States in the Great Lakes Region have some regulations to control the development or protect the quality of the ground water. These regulations, however, are not as comprehensive as those governing surface water. Future legislation could be designed to encourage the development of ground water and, at the same time, to protect the resource.
\nEfficient development and management of ground-water resources requires a through knowledge of the system. Reports on ground water are available for about 80 percent of tbe Great Lakes Region. Most of these reports, however, are not sufficiently detailed to be useful in comprehensive planning. As ground-water development continues, quantitative groundwater studies, utilizing models as predictive tools, will enable this development to proceed in an efficient manner.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp813J","usgsCitation":"Weist, W.G., 1978, Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Great Lakes region: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 813, vi., 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp813J.","productDescription":"vi., 30 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392891,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5065.htm"},{"id":119833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813j/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67174,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813j/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.234375,\n 45.336701909968106\n ],\n [\n -75.3662109375,\n 43.8028187190472\n ],\n [\n -75.8056640625,\n 43.197167282501276\n ],\n [\n -76.81640625,\n 42.84375132629023\n ],\n [\n -78.31054687499999,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -79.27734374999999,\n 41.86956082699455\n ],\n [\n -80.2880859375,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -82.5732421875,\n 40.84706035607122\n ],\n [\n -83.408203125,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -84.375,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -85.166015625,\n 41.11246878918086\n ],\n [\n -85.69335937499999,\n 41.14556973100947\n ],\n [\n -86.66015624999999,\n 41.14556973100947\n ],\n [\n -87.451171875,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n -88.2861328125,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -88.505859375,\n 42.32606244456202\n ],\n [\n -88.5498046875,\n 43.54854811091286\n ],\n [\n -89.20898437499999,\n 44.08758502824518\n ],\n [\n -89.736328125,\n 44.96479793033104\n ],\n [\n -90.1318359375,\n 45.55252525134013\n ],\n [\n -91.5380859375,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -91.93359375,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -92.6806640625,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -93.8232421875,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 46.34692761055676\n ],\n [\n -94.52636718749999,\n 47.54687159892238\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 48.04870994288686\n ],\n [\n -93.515625,\n 48.545705491847464\n ],\n [\n -92.4169921875,\n 49.35375571830993\n ],\n [\n -91.58203125,\n 49.724479188713005\n ],\n [\n -90.3076171875,\n 49.63917719651036\n ],\n [\n -89.56054687499999,\n 49.866316729538674\n ],\n [\n -88.0224609375,\n 49.89463439573421\n ],\n [\n -86.4404296875,\n 49.63917719651036\n ],\n [\n -84.72656249999999,\n 49.38237278700955\n ],\n [\n -83.1884765625,\n 48.864714761802794\n ],\n [\n -78.44238281249999,\n 47.66538735632654\n ],\n [\n -77.5634765625,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -76.2890625,\n 46.255846818480336\n ],\n [\n -75.234375,\n 45.336701909968106\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699692","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weist, William G. Jr.","contributorId":21527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weist","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19128,"text":"ofr78949 - 1978 - Geology of the uranium prospect at Camp Smith, New York, with a new model for the formation of uranium deposits in metamorphosed submarine volcanogenic rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T09:27:08","indexId":"ofr78949","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-949","title":"Geology of the uranium prospect at Camp Smith, New York, with a new model for the formation of uranium deposits in metamorphosed submarine volcanogenic rocks","docAbstract":"Uraninite of Precambrian age occurs locally in and around a massive sulfide deposit at Camp Smith, Westchester and Putnam Counties, New York. The host rocks are believed to be part of a sequence of marine sediments and submarine volcanogenic rocks that were metamorphosed to leucogneisses, amphibolites, and amphoholite gneisses in the granulite facies. Ore grade concentrations of uraninite occur (1) in the outer Cu-Ni-bearing zone of the sulfide body; (2) in magnetite-rich and scapolite-rich layers within amphibolite gneiss; and (3) in amphibole-quartz-feldspar + pyroxene pegmatites. The uranium-rich horizons are generally near the contact between rocks of keratophyre and spilite affinities.
It is suggested that the iron oxide, uranium-rich, and sulfide-rich horizons and their host rocks were originally deposited in the distal, volcanogenic, massive sulfide environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78949","usgsCitation":"Grauch, R.I., 1978, Geology of the uranium prospect at Camp Smith, New York, with a new model for the formation of uranium deposits in metamorphosed submarine volcanogenic rocks: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-949, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78949.","productDescription":"29 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":362059,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0949/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0949/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Camp Smith","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.15771484375,\n 41.19622318190573\n ],\n [\n -73.43948364257812,\n 41.19622318190573\n ],\n [\n -73.43948364257812,\n 41.766190406938684\n ],\n [\n -74.15771484375,\n 41.766190406938684\n ],\n [\n -74.15771484375,\n 41.19622318190573\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c759","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, Richard I. 0000-0002-1763-0813 rgrauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0813","contributorId":1193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"Richard","email":"rgrauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":180356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28261,"text":"wri7838 - 1978 - Quantitative hydrogeology of the Upper Republican Natural Resources District, southwest Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-06T13:15:18","indexId":"wri7838","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-38","title":"Quantitative hydrogeology of the Upper Republican Natural Resources District, southwest Nebraska","docAbstract":"Ground-water use for irrigation from the Ogallala Formation }'as in-creased rapidly in the Upper Republican Natural Resources District in southwest Nebraska. Water levels declined as much as 16 feet between 1952 and 1975. Discharge of the aquifer to streams was reduced by as much as 19 percent between 1967 and 1975. Quantification of the hydrogeologic system was provided by the development, testing and use of simulation models describing the soil zone and ground-water/surface-water system. Models were linked through source-sink terms. The ground-water/surface-water model was used.to predict changes in water levels and streamflow caused by unrestricted irrigation-well installation and by no new wells after 1975. Water levels may decline as much as 140 feet in two areas by 2000 if installation of new wells is unrestricted. By 2000, water-level declines o-er the remainder of the area would be less than 60 feet under continued development and less than 40 feet with no new wells after 1975. The base flow of Frenchman, Stinking Water, and Spring Creeks coulA be reduced by more than.90 percent with no new well and eliminated by 1992 under continued development.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7838","usgsCitation":"Lappala, E.G., 1978, Quantitative hydrogeology of the Upper Republican Natural Resources District, southwest Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-38, viii, 199 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7838.","productDescription":"viii, 199 p.","numberOfPages":"211","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":349793,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0038/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0038/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-101.3432,40.6973],[-101.3421,40.3517],[-101.3234,40.351],[-101.3258,40.3152],[-101.3224,40.0042],[-101.3694,40.0043],[-101.4107,40.0045],[-101.5453,40.0043],[-101.6233,40.0042],[-101.7787,40.0039],[-101.8612,40.0039],[-102.0485,40.0039],[-102.0493,40.3495],[-102.0494,40.4401],[-102.0501,40.6983],[-102.0502,40.7492],[-102.0504,41.0019],[-102.0504,41.0037],[-101.3618,41.0035],[-101.248,41.005],[-101.2446,40.7827],[-101.2456,40.6974],[-101.3432,40.6973]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Chase\",\"state\":\"NE\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635dcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lappala, Eric G.","contributorId":23182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lappala","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28235,"text":"wri7818 - 1978 - Unsteady solute-transport simulation in streamflow using a finite-difference model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-22T14:56:19","indexId":"wri7818","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-18","title":"Unsteady solute-transport simulation in streamflow using a finite-difference model","docAbstract":"This report documents a rather simple, general purpose, one-dimensional, one-parameter, mass-transport model for field use. The model assumes a well-mixed conservative solute that may be coming from an unsteady source and is moving in unsteady streamflow. The quantity of solute being transported is in the units of concentration. Results are reported as such. An implicit finite-difference technique is used to solve the mass transport equation. It consists of creating a tridiagonal matrix and using the Thomas algorithm to solve the matrix for the unknown concentrations at the new time step. The computer program pesented is designed to compute the concentration of a water-quality constituent at any point and at any preselected time in a one-dimensional stream. The model is driven by the inflowing concentration of solute at the upstream boundary and is influenced by the solute entering the stream from tributaries and lateral ground-water inflow and from a source or sink. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7818","usgsCitation":"Land, L.F., 1978, Unsteady solute-transport simulation in streamflow using a finite-difference model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-18, iii, 54 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7818.","productDescription":"iii, 54 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369492,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0018/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0018/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e397c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Land, Larry F.","contributorId":60612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":36858,"text":"fwsobs78_17 - 1978 - Stream channel modification in Hawaii. Part B: effect of channelization on the distribution and abundance of fauna in selected streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:46","indexId":"fwsobs78_17","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"78/17","title":"Stream channel modification in Hawaii. Part B: effect of channelization on the distribution and abundance of fauna in selected streams","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Norton, S., 1978, Stream channel modification in Hawaii. Part B: effect of channelization on the distribution and abundance of fauna in selected streams: FWS/OBS 78/17, pt. : ill.; 27 cm.","productDescription":"pt. : ill.; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a52af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norton, S.E.","contributorId":61872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":217083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":36857,"text":"fwsobs78_16 - 1978 - Stream channel modification in Hawaii. Part A: statewide inventory of streams, habitat factors, and associated biota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:46","indexId":"fwsobs78_16","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"78/16","title":"Stream channel modification in Hawaii. Part A: statewide inventory of streams, habitat factors, and associated biota","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Timal, A., 1978, Stream channel modification in Hawaii. Part A: statewide inventory of streams, habitat factors, and associated biota: FWS/OBS 78/16, pt. : ill.; 27 cm.","productDescription":"pt. : ill.; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a528f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Timal, A.A.","contributorId":94360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Timal","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":217082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1205,"text":"wsp2056 - 1978 - Analysis of runoff from small drainage basins in Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8444,"text":"ofr77727 - 1977 - Analysis of runoff from small drainage basins in Wyoming","indexId":"ofr77727","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Analysis of runoff from small drainage basins in Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1205,"text":"wsp2056 - 1978 - Analysis of runoff from small drainage basins in Wyoming","indexId":"wsp2056","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Analysis of runoff from small drainage basins in Wyoming"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":55894,"text":"ofr6961 - 1969 - Study of flood hydrographs for small drainage basins in Wyoming--progress report","indexId":"ofr6961","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Study of flood hydrographs for small drainage basins in Wyoming--progress report"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1205,"text":"wsp2056 - 1978 - Analysis of runoff from small drainage basins in Wyoming","indexId":"wsp2056","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Analysis of runoff from small drainage basins in Wyoming"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:17","indexId":"wsp2056","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2056","title":"Analysis of runoff from small drainage basins in Wyoming","docAbstract":"A flood-hydrograph study has defined the magnitude and frequency of flood volumes and flood peaks that can be expected from drainage basins smaller than 11 square miles in the plains and valley areas of Wyoming. Rainfall and runoff data, collected for 9 years on a seasonal basis (April through September), were used to calibrate a rainfall-runoff model on each of 22 small basins. Long-term records of runoff volume and peak discharge were synthesized for these 22 basins. \r\n\r\nFlood volumes and flood peaks of specific recurrence intervals (2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years) were then related to basin characteristics with a high degree of correlation. Flood volumes were related to drainage area, maximum relief, and basin slope. Flood peaks were related to drainage area, maximum relief, basin slope, and channel slope. An investigation of ponding behind a highway embankment, with available storage capacity and with a culvert to allow outflow, has shown that the single fast-rising peak is most important in culvert design. Consequently, a dimensionless hydrograph defines the characteristic shape of flood hydrographs to be expected from small drainage basins in Wyoming. For design purposes, a peak and volume can be estimated from basin characteristics and used with the dimensionless hydrograph to produce a synthetic single-peak hydrograph. Incremental discharges of the hydrograph can be routed along a channel, where a highway fill and culvert are to be placed, to help determine the most economical size of culvert if embankment storage is to be considered.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey : for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2056","usgsCitation":"Craig, G.S., and Rankl, J.G., 1978, Analysis of runoff from small drainage basins in Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2056, vi, 70 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2056.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2056/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26085,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2056/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db68018f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craig, Gordon S.","contributorId":78310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rankl, James G.","contributorId":93026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankl","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":8680,"text":"ofr78336 - 1978 - Proceedings of Conference IV: the use of volunteers in the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, convened under the auspices of National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, 2-3 February, 1978, Menlo Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T18:50:11","indexId":"ofr78336","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-336","title":"Proceedings of Conference IV: the use of volunteers in the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, convened under the auspices of National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, 2-3 February, 1978, Menlo Park, California","docAbstract":"There are tens of thousands of people in the United States who could\nplay an important voluntary role in reducing earthquake hazards and are\nprobably willing to do so. Under the Earthquake Hazard Reduction Act of\n1977 the Federal government is significantly increasing its effort \"to\nreduce the risk of life and property from future earthquakes in the\nUnited States through the establishment and maintenance of an effective\nearthquake hazards reduction program.\" This program involves research,\nfor example, by geologists, seismologists, engineers, sociologists,\neducators, and public policy experts sponsored primarily by the U.S.\nGeological Survey and the National Science Foundation. There is a heavy\nemphasis, however, on the implementation of these results in local\ncommunities. When all the research results are available, the benefits\nof these efforts will depend on whether individual citizens living in\nearthquake zones accurately perceive the relative importance of\nearthquake hazards. These individuals can then decide for themselves how\nto modify their own lifestyles to minimize these hazards. Thus, one of\nthe seven objectives of this national program is \"the education of the\npublic, including state and local officials, as to earthquake phenomena,\nthe identification of locations and structures which are especially\nsusceptible to earthquake damage, ways to reduce the adverse consequences\nof an earthquake, and related matters.\"","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/ofr78336","usgsCitation":"1978, Proceedings of Conference IV: the use of volunteers in the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, convened under the auspices of National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, 2-3 February, 1978, Menlo Park, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-336, 273 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78336.","productDescription":"273 p.","numberOfPages":"279","costCenters":[{"id":490,"text":"Office of Earthquake Studies","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286550,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286549,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0336/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660922","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ward, Peter L.","contributorId":69574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503964,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56618,"text":"fwsobs78_69 - 1978 - A conceptual ecological model for Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:09","indexId":"fwsobs78_69","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"78/69","title":"A conceptual ecological model for Chesapeake Bay","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Green, K.A., 1978, A conceptual ecological model for Chesapeake Bay: FWS/OBS 78/69, v, 22 p. : ill.; 28 cm.","productDescription":"v, 22 p. : ill.; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b26e4b07f02db6afd04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, Katherine A.","contributorId":104150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6490,"text":"pp1053 - 1978 - Potential effects of deep-well waste disposal in western New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:56","indexId":"pp1053","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1053","title":"Potential effects of deep-well waste disposal in western New York","docAbstract":"Mathematical and laboratory models were used to observe, respectively, the hydraulic and chemical reactions that may take place during proposed injection of a highly acidic, iron-rich waste pickle liquor into a deep waste-disposal well in western New York. Field temperature and pressure conditions were simulated in the tests. Hydraulic pressure in the middle stages of the initial (1968) injection test had probably hydraulically fractured the Cambrian sandstone-dolomite formation adjacent to the borehole. Transmissivity of the formation is 13 feet squared per day. The proposed rate of injection (72,000 gallons per day) of waste pickle liquor would approach a wellhead pressure of 600 pounds per square inch in about a year. Hydraulic fracturing would reoccur at about 580 pounds per square inch. The measurable cone of influence would extend about 22 miles after injection for 1 year. Chemical reactions between acidic wastes and brine-saturated dolomite would create precipitates that would drastically reduce the permeability of the unfractured part of the dolomite. Nondolomitic sandstone permeability would not be affected by chemical reactions, but the pores might be plugged by the iron-bearing waste. The digital model can be used for qualitative predictions on a regional scale. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1053","usgsCitation":"Waller, R.M., Turk, J.T., and Dingman, R.J., 1978, Potential effects of deep-well waste disposal in western New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1053, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1053.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1053/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33940,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1053/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a49b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waller, Roger Milton","contributorId":22320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"Milton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turk, John T.","contributorId":53363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dingman, Robert James","contributorId":60190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dingman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":6527,"text":"pp1029 - 1978 - Hydraulic geometry of river cross sections; theory of minimum variance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:01","indexId":"pp1029","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1029","title":"Hydraulic geometry of river cross sections; theory of minimum variance","docAbstract":"This study deals with the rates at which mean velocity, mean depth, and water-surface width increase with water discharge at a cross section on an alluvial stream. Such relations often follow power laws, the exponents in which are called hydraulic exponents. The Langbein (1964) minimum-variance theory is examined in regard to its validity and its ability to predict observed hydraulic exponents. The variables used with the theory were velocity, depth, width, bed shear stress, friction factor, slope (energy gradient), and stream power. Slope is often constant, in which case only velocity, depth, width, shear and friction factor need be considered. The theory was tested against a wide range of field data from various geographic areas of the United States. The original theory was intended to produce only the average hydraulic exponents for a group of cross sections in a similar type of geologic or hydraulic environment. The theory does predict these average exponents with a reasonable degree of accuracy. An attempt to forecast the exponents at any selected cross section was moderately successful. Empirical equations are more accurate than the minimum variance, Gauckler-Manning, or Chezy methods. Predictions of the exponent of width are most reliable, the exponent of depth fair, and the exponent of mean velocity poor. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1029","usgsCitation":"Williams, G.P., 1978, Hydraulic geometry of river cross sections; theory of minimum variance: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1029, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1029.","productDescription":"47 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1029/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34006,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1029/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a22c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Garnett P.","contributorId":100361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Garnett","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}