{"pageNumber":"1564","pageRowStart":"39075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46670,"records":[{"id":13855,"text":"ofr85172 - 1985 - Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Austin, Texas, metropolitan area, 1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T10:54:41","indexId":"ofr85172","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-172","title":"Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Austin, Texas, metropolitan area, 1983","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrologic investigations of urban watersheds in Texas were begun by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1954. Studies are now in progress in Austin, and Houston. Studies have been completed in the Dallas, Fort Worth, and San Antonio areas.</p>\n<p>The Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Texas Department of Water Reources, began hydrologic studies in the Austin urban area in 1954. In cooperation with the city of Austin, the program was expanded in 1975 to include additional streamflow and rainfall gaging stations, and the collection of surface water-quality data. In 1978, the program was expanded to include a ground-water resources study of the South Austin metropolitan area in the Balcones Fault Zone.</p>\n<p>The objectives of the Austin urban hydrology study are as follows:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>To determine, on the basis of historical data and hydrologic analyses, the magnitude and frequency of flood peaks and flood volume.</li>\n<li>To determine the effect of urban development on flood peaks and volume.</li>\n<li>To determine the variations in water quality during different seasons and flow conditions in representative watersheds under various types of urban development.</li>\n<li>To quantitatively appraise the ground-water resources along the Balcones Fault Zone, the effect of urbanization on the quality and quantity of recharge and discharge, and the extent of contamination in the Edwards aquifer that is in hydrologic circulation with Barton Springs.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>This report presents the basic hydrologic data collected in the Austin urban area for the 1983 water year (Oct. 1, 1982 to Sept. 30, 1983).</p>\n<p>Additional explanations of terms related to streamflow, water quality, and other hydrologic data used in this report are defined in the U.S. Geological Survey annual report Water Resources Data for Texas, TX-83-3, 1983.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/ofr85172","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Austin and the Texas Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Gordon, J., Pate, D., and Dorsey, M., 1985, Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Austin, Texas, metropolitan area, 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-172, 154 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85172.","productDescription":"154 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":144386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0172/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42460,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0172/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.70 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Austin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.09280395507812,\n              29.991812888666043\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.38006591796874,\n              29.991812888666043\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.38006591796874,\n              30.615459280672667\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.09280395507812,\n              30.615459280672667\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.09280395507812,\n              29.991812888666043\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db608199","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gordon, J.D.","contributorId":26684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pate, D.L.","contributorId":87145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pate","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorsey, M.E.","contributorId":73997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorsey","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":15060,"text":"ofr85689 - 1985 - Summary of selected water-quality data for the Warrior coal field, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:06","indexId":"ofr85689","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-689","title":"Summary of selected water-quality data for the Warrior coal field, Alabama","docAbstract":"A summary is presented of selected water quality data collected from 1976 to 1984 at 75 surface water sites and 28 test wells in the Warrior coal field in northwestern Alabama. The minimum, maximum, mean or median, standard deviation, and number of determinations are given for each site for discharge, pH, alkalinity, specific conductance, hardness, dissolved and suspended solids, sulfate, and total and dissolved iron and manganese. Twelve quadrangles are included in the report showing the location of each site. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85689","usgsCitation":"Mooty, W., 1985, Summary of selected water-quality data for the Warrior coal field, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-689, vi, 70 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85689.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0689/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43976,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0689/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6987c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mooty, W. S.","contributorId":55837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooty","given":"W. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":15263,"text":"ofr85447 - 1985 - Bedded/stratiform barite deposits; geologic and grade-tonnage data including a partial bibliography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:00","indexId":"ofr85447","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-447","title":"Bedded/stratiform barite deposits; geologic and grade-tonnage data including a partial bibliography","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85447","usgsCitation":"Orris, G., 1985, Bedded/stratiform barite deposits; geologic and grade-tonnage data including a partial bibliography: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-447, 32 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85447.","productDescription":"32 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0447/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44197,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0447/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63dbb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orris, G. J.","contributorId":80252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orris","given":"G. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30484,"text":"wri854324 - 1985 - Physical characteristics and chemical quality of selected springs in parts of Juab, Millard, Tooele, and Utah counties, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-23T12:10:51.838964","indexId":"wri854324","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4324","title":"Physical characteristics and chemical quality of selected springs in parts of Juab, Millard, Tooele, and Utah counties, Utah","docAbstract":"Hydrologic, geologic, and partial water quality data were collected at 90 selected springs in west-central Utah, and chemical analyses performed on water samples from 62 of the springs. Descriptions of the physiographic and geologic conditions, climate, and vegetation patterns for the study area are included. Allowable limits of certain chemical constituents in water for human and livestock consumption are included with the water quality data. Three classifications of springs were established based on physical characteristics of the springs, and chemical composition of the springflow: (1) mountain springs; (2) non-thermal valley springs, and (3) thermal valley springs. Mountain springs are in and near recharge areas, have seasonal variations of discharge and temperature, typically discharge from extrusive and metamorphic geohydrologic units, and generally discharge freshwater. Non-thermal valley springs are peripheral to recharge areas, have seasonal variations of discharge and temperature, typically discharge from a variety of geohydrologic units, and have variable water composition. Thermal valley springs are near topographic low areas of valleys , and have little seasonal variation of discharge or temperature. They typically discharge from unconsolidated deposits (but the discharge probably has flowed through buried carbonate geohydrologic units). They also have a considerable range of water composition that reflects the relative complexity of the groundwater system. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854324","usgsCitation":"Wilberg, D., and Stolp, B., 1985, Physical characteristics and chemical quality of selected springs in parts of Juab, Millard, Tooele, and Utah counties, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4324, vi, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854324.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4324/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59266,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4324/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59267,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4324/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59268,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4324/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Juab County, Millard County, Tooele County, Utah County","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilberg, Dale E.","contributorId":60215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilberg","given":"Dale E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stolp, Bernard J. 0000-0003-3803-1497","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-1497","contributorId":71942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolp","given":"Bernard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70156916,"text":"70156916 - 1985 - Remote sensing of tidal chlorophyll-a variations in estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T06:45:49","indexId":"70156916","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing of tidal chlorophyll-a variations in estuaries","docAbstract":"<p>Simultaneous acquisition of surface chlorophyll-a concentrations for 39 samples from boats and Daedalus 1260 Multispectral Scanner data from a U-2 aircraft was conducted in the northern reaches of San Francisco Bay on 28 August 1980. These data were used to develop regression models for predicting surface chlorophyll-a concentrations over the study area for ebb-tide (8.40 a.m. P.D.T. (Pacific Daylight Time)) and flood-tide (3.10 p.m. P.D.T.) conditions. After selection of a single &lsquo;best fitting&rsquo; model for both morning and afternoon data sets, the chlorophyll-a concentration was predicted for ebb and flood tide for the entire study area at approximately 40m &times; 40m resolution. The predicted spatial display of chlorophyll-a revealed a localized area of high phytoplankton biomass that has been inferred from field surveys and appears to be a common summer phenomenon.</p>\n<p class=\"last\">Knowledge of the distribution of phytoplankton and the location of this zone of high biomass is valuable in establishing management policies for this ecologically important estuary. Furthermore, the techniques used here may provide an alternative cost-effective method for assessing water-quality conditions and they may prove useful for studying spatial variations (patchiness) and seasonal variations in phytoplankton biomass in other estuaries and coastal waters.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431168508948318","usgsCitation":"Catts, G.P., Khorram, S., Cloern, J.E., Knight, A.W., and Degloria, S.D., 1985, Remote sensing of tidal chlorophyll-a variations in estuaries: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 6, no. 11, p. 1685-1706, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431168508948318.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1685","endPage":"1706","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1980-08-28","temporalEnd":"1980-08-28","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.00292968749999,\n              37.339591851359174\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.83837890625,\n              37.339591851359174\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.83837890625,\n              38.156156969924915\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.00292968749999,\n              38.156156969924915\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.00292968749999,\n              37.339591851359174\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6f4e4b058f706e53e4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Catts, Glenn P.","contributorId":147307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Catts","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Khorram, Siamak","contributorId":147308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khorram","given":"Siamak","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knight, Allen W.","contributorId":147309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knight","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7082,"text":"University of California - Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Degloria, Stephen D.","contributorId":147310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Degloria","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13243,"text":"University of California Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70207662,"text":"70207662 - 1985 - Development of a computerized wetlands mapping data base for use in section 404 jurisdictional determinatins in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-02T17:15:20","indexId":"70207662","displayToPublicDate":"1985-12-31T17:08:19","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of a computerized wetlands mapping data base for use in section 404 jurisdictional determinatins in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p><span>Development and habitat alteration in the San Francisco Bay-Delta system have placed the remaining wetlands in jeopardy. The Bay-Delta wetlands will be mapped in a joint project of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). Maps at a 1:24,000 scale will be produced for the entire study area. High altitude color infrared photography from 1985 and historical photographs from 1976-77 and the mid-1950's for selected areas of the Bay-Delta will be used. A wetland change analysis of the Bay-Delta area will be used to define current habitat boundaries for planning a mitigation strategy to manage the system.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal zone '85 : Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Coastal Zone '85 : Fourth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management","conferenceDate":"July 30- August 2, 1985","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, MD","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","usgsCitation":"Cotter, P.J., Johnston, J.B., Quammen, M.L., and Peters, D., 1985, Development of a computerized wetlands mapping data base for use in section 404 jurisdictional determinatins in San Francisco Bay, <i>in</i> Coastal zone '85 : Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, Baltimore, MD, July 30- August 2, 1985, p. 1360-1368.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1360","endPage":"1368","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.95074462890625,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.28906250000001,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.28906250000001,\n              38.33088431959971\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.95074462890625,\n              38.33088431959971\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.95074462890625,\n              37.391981943533544\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cotter, Patrick J.","contributorId":221573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cotter","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, James B.","contributorId":78039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quammen, Millicent L.","contributorId":218143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quammen","given":"Millicent","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peters, Dennis","contributorId":218279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peters","given":"Dennis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70207636,"text":"70207636 - 1985 - Age of biostratigraphic horizons within the Ordovician and Silurian systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-08T12:23:52.975621","indexId":"70207636","displayToPublicDate":"1985-12-31T13:55:50","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1784,"text":"Geological Society Memoir","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age of biostratigraphic horizons within the Ordovician and Silurian systems","docAbstract":"<p><span>Three samples that have a bearing on the age of horizons within the Ordovician and Silurian systems, two previously dated by the conventional K-Ar method and one by the&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>&nbsp;Ar total-fusion method, have been reanalysed using the&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar age-spectrum method. Conventional K-Ar and total-fusion&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar ages can always be questioned because of the relative ease with which the K-Ar system can be disturbed, either thermally or chemically (i.e. Dalrymple &amp; Lanphere 1969; Clauer&nbsp;</span><i>et al.</i><span>&nbsp;1982). The&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar age-spectrum method has the potential for identifying disturbed K-Ar systems (i.e. Berger 1975; Harrison &amp; McDougall 1980). The authors feel that the age-spectrum data from these samples are significant because the previous results for these samples have been questioned in recently proposed Palaeozoic time-scales because of a possible disturbance of the K-Ar isotopic system (i.e. Gale&nbsp;</span><i>et al.</i><span>&nbsp;1979, 1980; Gale 1982).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/GSL.MEM.1985.010.01.10","usgsCitation":"Kunk, M.J., Sutter, J., Obradovich, J.D., and Lanphere, M.A., 1985, Age of biostratigraphic horizons within the Ordovician and Silurian systems: Geological Society Memoir, v. 10, no. 1, p. 89-92, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.MEM.1985.010.01.10.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"92","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutter, J.","contributorId":20083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutter","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Obradovich, J. D.","contributorId":48966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obradovich","given":"J.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":778700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70236860,"text":"70236860 - 1985 - Automated derivation of hydrologic basin characteristics from digital elevation model data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T15:05:54.578789","indexId":"70236860","displayToPublicDate":"1985-12-31T09:49:07","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Automated derivation of hydrologic basin characteristics from digital elevation model data","docAbstract":"<p>Digital elevation model (DEM) data in a raster format can be used to automatically derive the drainage characteristics of an area. A procedure has been designed that is capable of operating on matrices of elevation data having no algorithmically imposed size limit, while performing within the resolution and accuracy tolerances of the DEM data. </p><p>Each cell is processed as the center of a 3- by 3-cell spatial window in the raster elevation data. If a cell is a local minimum in comparison with two of its non-adjacent neighbors, it is labeled as a drainage cell. The linkages of the drainage cells within user-specified distance and elevation thresholds are established in a separate process. The products of these processing steps are digital masks of the drainage cells and the watershed basins, both in raster format. </p><p>A drainage cell mask derived using this procedure is useful in computing slope values for a raster data base. Slope has traditionally been calculated for each cell by fitting a plane through the eight nearest cells. However, if the terrain represented by these cells is V-shaped, such as a gully, a plane does not fit well; in fact, the desired slope value is the slope along the bottom of the gully, regardless of the steepness of the gully sides. The automated drainage process will label such a cell as a drainage cell, and its slope can then be computed from the elevation values of neighboring drainage cells. </p>","largerWorkTitle":"Auto-Carto VII: Proceedings of the digital representations of spatial knowledge","conferenceTitle":"Auto-Carto VII: Digital Representations of Spatial Knowledge","conferenceDate":"Mar 11-14, 1985","conferenceLocation":"Washington D.C.","language":"English","publisher":"Cartography and Geographic Information Society","usgsCitation":"Jenson, S.K., 1985, Automated derivation of hydrologic basin characteristics from digital elevation model data, <i>in</i> Auto-Carto VII: Proceedings of the digital representations of spatial knowledge, Washington D.C., Mar 11-14, 1985, p. 301-310.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"310","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407057,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cartogis.org/docs/proceedings/archive/auto-carto-7/index.html"},{"id":407058,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenson, Susan K.","contributorId":66859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenson","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70193879,"text":"70193879 - 1985 - National Pesticide Monitoring Program: Residues of organochlorine chemicals in freshwater fish, 1980–81","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T11:13:55","indexId":"70193879","displayToPublicDate":"1985-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"National Pesticide Monitoring Program: Residues of organochlorine chemicals in freshwater fish, 1980–81","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service analyzed residues of organochlorine chemicals in 315 composite samples of whole fish collected in 1980–81 from 107 stations nationwide as part of the National Pesticide Monitoring Program (NPMP). The mean concentrations of total DDT and all</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">p,p</i><span>′-ho-mologs except</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">p,p</i><span>′-DDT showed significant but small declines relative to mean concentrations before 1978–79. The mean concentration of</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">p,p</i><span>′-DDT did not change. The most persistent DDT homolog (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">p,p</i><span>′-DDE) continued to constitute about 70% of total DDT residues, as it did in 1974–79. DDT contamination attributable to former DDT manufacturing facilities remained evident at sites in Alabama and Arkansas, and high concentrations at one site in Hawaii suggested that input to the environment was continuing. Conversely, the data do not support the contention of others that DDT was still being used in the Southwest. Residues of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) remained widespread, but a significant downward trend in total PCBs was evident, especially in areas that the NPMP has previously shown to be the most heavily contaminated. Mean concentrations of dieldrin had not changed since 1978–79, and levels remained highest in Hawaii and in the Great Lakes. Toxaphene concentrations plateaued after a period of steady increase through the 1970's, but the incidence of toxaphene continued to increase; residues were present at 88% of the stations sampled in 1980–81, including one in Alaska (most likely as a consequence of atmospheric transport). Mean chlordane concentrations were slightly lower than in 1978–79, and residues were detected at fewer stations in 1980–81 than in 1978–79. Residues of other organochlorines [</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">e.g.</i><span>, mirex, pentachloroanisole (PCA), benzene hexachloride (BHC) isomers, endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), Dacthal</span><sup>®</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(DCPA)</span><sup>2</sup><span>, and methoxychlor] were either found at relatively few (&lt;25%) of the stations sampled in 1980–81 or were characterized by relatively low concentrations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01055615","usgsCitation":"Schmitt, C.J., Zajicek, J.L., and Ribick, M.A., 1985, National Pesticide Monitoring Program: Residues of organochlorine chemicals in freshwater fish, 1980–81: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 14, no. 2, p. 225-260, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055615.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"260","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research 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States\"}}]}","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a082a52e4b09af898c8ea23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmitt, Christopher J. 0000-0001-6804-2360 cjschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Christopher","email":"cjschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zajicek, James L. jzajicek@usgs.gov","contributorId":2775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zajicek","given":"James","email":"jzajicek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":720868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ribick, M. A.","contributorId":82367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribick","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70189508,"text":"70189508 - 1985 - An investigation of hydraulic conductivity estimation in a ground-water flow study of Northern Long Valley, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-14T09:10:54","indexId":"70189508","displayToPublicDate":"1985-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"An investigation of hydraulic conductivity estimation in a ground-water flow study of Northern Long Valley, New Jersey","docAbstract":"<p><span>The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology to be used to investigate the aquifer characteristics and water supply potential of an aquifer system. In particular, the geohydrology of northern Long Valley, New Jersey, was investigated. Geohydrologic data were collected and analyzed to characterize the site. Analysis was accomplished by interpreting the available data and by using a numerical simulation of the watertable aquifer. Special attention was given to the estimation of hydraulic conductivity values and hydraulic conductivity structure which together define the hydraulic conductivity of the modeled aquifer. Hydraulic conductivity and all other aspects of the system were first estimated using the trial-and-error method of calibration. The estimation of hydraulic conductivity was improved using a least squares method to estimate hydraulic conductivity values and by improvements in the parameter structure. These efforts improved the calibration of the model far more than a preceding period of similar effort using the trial-and-error method of calibration. In addition, the proposed method provides statistical information on the reliability of estimated hydraulic conductivity values, calculated heads, and calculated flows. The methodology developed and applied in this work proved to be of substantial value in the evaluation of the aquifer considered.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Princeton University","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., 1985, An investigation of hydraulic conductivity estimation in a ground-water flow study of Northern Long Valley, New Jersey, 364.","productDescription":"364","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5969d82fe4b0d1f9f060a1b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70120933,"text":"70120933 - 1985 - Determining age and sex of American coots","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-18T14:02:44","indexId":"70120933","displayToPublicDate":"1985-12-01T13:52:09","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining age and sex of American coots","docAbstract":"<p>Reliable techniques for age and sex determination of migrating and wintering American Coots (<i>Fulica americana</i>) have not been available.  Breeding coots can be ages through age 3 by tarsal color (birds 4 years and older were placed in a 4+ age class) (Crawford 1978), and males and females have sex-specific behaviors and calls while on breeding territories (Gullion 1950, 1952).  Externally, juvenile coots differ from adults in having gray (as opposed to white) bills and brown (as opposed to red) eyes to an age of 75 days (Gullion 1954-394).  Bill color changes to white by about 120 days.  No quantitative data have been available, however, on the proportion of juveniles retaining these traits throughout fall and early winter.  Nonbreeding coots can be ages as juvenile or adult by internal examination of the thickness of the wall of the bursa of Fabricius, although bursal depth does not predictably decline with age (Fredrickson 1968).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Attempts to sex coots by single external measurements of combinations of measurements have met with mixed success.  Eight-five percent of 101 fall migrants in Wisconsin could be sexed by the length of the metatarsus-midtoe including claw by using 139.5 mm as a cutoff point (Burton 1959), whereas 88% of 67 coots in California were correctly sexed by the length of the metatarsus-midtoe without claw using 127.5 mm as the cutoff point (Gullion 1952).  Two-hundred-thirty-two of 291 coots collected in Iowa, however, were in the zone of overlap between the sexes for this measurement (Fredrickson 1968).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Previous studies attempting to develop aging and sexing techniques for American Coots have been limited to a few study sites or to 1 season or year, often failing to take geographical, annual, and seasonal morphological variation into account (e.g., Visser 1976, Fjeldsa 1977).  We designed the present study to refine and quantify external and internal age and sex criteria for postbreeding coots, with the objective of defining techniques applicable for all seasons over a wide geographical area.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Northeastern Bird-Banding Association","publisherLocation":"Ipswich, NH","usgsCitation":"Eddleman, W.R., and Knopf, F., 1985, Determining age and sex of American coots: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 56, no. 1, p. 41-55.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292460,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25fdde4b0333418718908","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eddleman, William R.","contributorId":40685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddleman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knopf, Fritz L.","contributorId":30549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"Fritz L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70236861,"text":"70236861 - 1985 - A relational approach to vector data structure conversion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T15:12:17.074193","indexId":"70236861","displayToPublicDate":"1985-12-01T10:10:37","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A relational approach to vector data structure conversion","docAbstract":"<p>The proliferation of geographic information systems and digital data bases is creating a need for efficient methods to convert data from one spatial data structure to another. One approach is to create ad hoc interfaces, with a potential of N(N-1) interfaces for N data structures. Using an intermediate data structure, at most 2N interfaces are required. An intermediate relational data structure is therefore proposed that takes the form of a set of normalized relations stored in a relational information management system. The advantages of this approach are found in the simplicity of the relational approach, and the availability of relational operators to be used as higher level tools, to convert from and to the relational data structure. The Relational Information Management System (RIM) is used for the ongoing research. In conjunction with the relational data structure, another higher level tool has been developed to cope with linked lists, tree structures, vectors, and matrices, which are not otherwise easily reduced. This data tracking system is programmable at a higher level, in a syntax that allows a concise expression of the desired restructuring. Output from this system can be further operated on by relational operators to arrive at the desired intermediate data structure. This, and other topology verification and checking tools, are visualized as part of a core system dedicated to the conversion and collation of spatial data from diverse origins. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Auto-Carto VII: Proceedings of the digital representations of spatial knowledge","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Auto-Carto VII: Digital Representations of Spatial Knowledge","conferenceDate":"Mar 11-14, 1985","conferenceLocation":"Washington D.C.","language":"English","publisher":"Cartography and Geographic Information Society","usgsCitation":"van Roessel, J.W., and Fosnight, E.A., 1985, A relational approach to vector data structure conversion, <i>in</i> Auto-Carto VII: Proceedings of the digital representations of spatial knowledge, Washington D.C., Mar 11-14, 1985, p. 541-551.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"541","endPage":"551","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":407059,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cartogis.org/docs/proceedings/archive/auto-carto-7/index.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Roessel, Jan W.","contributorId":35745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Roessel","given":"Jan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":852390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fosnight, Eugene A. 0000-0002-8557-3697 fosnight@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-3697","contributorId":2961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosnight","given":"Eugene","email":"fosnight@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70236859,"text":"70236859 - 1985 - On the interpretation of satellite-derived gravity and magnetic data for studies of crustal geology and metallogenesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T14:44:27.21253","indexId":"70236859","displayToPublicDate":"1985-10-01T09:27:51","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"On the interpretation of satellite-derived gravity and magnetic data for studies of crustal geology and metallogenesis","docAbstract":"<p>Satellite-derived global gravity and magnetic maps have been shown to be useful in large-scale studies of the Earth's crust, despite the relative infancy of such studies. Numerous authors have made spatial associations of gravity or magnetic anomalies with geological provinces. Gravimetric interpretations are often made in terms of isostasy, regional variations of density, or of geodesy in general. Interpretations of satellite magnetic anomalies often base assumptions of overall crustal magnetism on concepts of the vertical and horizontal distribution of magnetic susceptibility, then make models of these assumed distributions. The opportunity of improving our satellite gravity and magnetic data through the proposed Geopotential Research Mission should considerably improve the scientific community's ability to analyze and interpret global magnetic and gravity data. As data processing techniques improve, we may expect to see even more useful results of the data.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geopotential Research Mission (GRM): Proceedings of a conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Geopotential Research Mission (GRM)","conferenceDate":"Oct 29-31, 1984","conferenceLocation":"College Park, MD","language":"English","publisher":"NASA","usgsCitation":"Hastings, D.A., 1985, On the interpretation of satellite-derived gravity and magnetic data for studies of crustal geology and metallogenesis, <i>in</i> Geopotential Research Mission (GRM): Proceedings of a conference, College Park, MD, Oct 29-31, 1984, p. 110-113.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"113","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":407055,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860003384","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hastings, David A.","contributorId":138985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hastings","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":852388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012768,"text":"70012768 - 1985 - Detectability of step trends in the rate of atmospheric deposition of sulfate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-22T16:54:08.09578","indexId":"70012768","displayToPublicDate":"1985-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detectability of step trends in the rate of atmospheric deposition of sulfate","docAbstract":"<p><span>A method is presented to assist policy makers in determining the combination of number of sampling stations and number of years of sampling necessary to state with a given probability that a step reduction in atmospheric deposition rates of a given magnitude has occurred at a pre-specified time. This pre-specified time would typically be the time at which a sulfate emission control program took effect, and the given magnitude of reduction is some percentage change in deposition rate one might expect to occur as a result of the emission control. In order to determine this probability of detection, a stochastic model of sulfate deposition rates is developed, based on New York State bulk collection network data. The model considers the effect of variation in precipitation, seasonal variations, serial correlation, and site-to-site (cross) correlation. A nonparametric statistical test which is well suited to detection of step changes in such multi-site data sets is developed. It is related to the Mann-Whitney Rank-Sum test. The test is used in Monte Carlo simulations along with the stochastic model to derive statistical power functions. These power functions describe the probability of detecting (α=0.05) a step trend in deposition rate as a function of the size of the step-trend, record length before and after the step-trend, and the number of stations sampled. The results show that, for an area the size of New York State, very little power is gained by increasing the number of stations beyond about eight. The results allow policy makers to determine the tradeoff between the cost of monitoring and time required to detect a step-trend of a given magnitude with a given probability.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00171.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R., and Gilroy, E., 1985, Detectability of step trends in the rate of atmospheric deposition of sulfate: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 21, no. 5, p. 773-784, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1985.tb00171.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"773","endPage":"784","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221848,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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York\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff5ce4b0c8380cd4f144","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, R.M.","contributorId":58639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilroy, E.J.","contributorId":20306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilroy","given":"E.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70113415,"text":"70113415 - 1985 - The use of low-resolution satellite image data for rangeland monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-19T16:02:25","indexId":"70113415","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-20T15:59:07","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3017,"text":"Pecora 10 Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of low-resolution satellite image data for rangeland monitoring","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey's Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center and the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) jointly evaluated the used of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) images for the calculate of normalized difference data as a green biomass indicator in an arid rangeland environment.  The normalized difference data were compared to corresponding field-collected herbage data, and were used in a geographic information system to provide range management information.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 10 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Holm, T.M., Draeger, W.C., Williams, P.T., and Buzzard, R.F., 1985, The use of low-resolution satellite image data for rangeland monitoring: Pecora 10 Symposium, p. 398-398.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"398","endPage":"398","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7871e4b0abf75cf2d547","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holm, Thomas M. holm@usgs.gov","contributorId":261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"Thomas","email":"holm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Draeger, William C.","contributorId":46522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draeger","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Patrick T.","contributorId":87456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buzzard, Robert F.","contributorId":45632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buzzard","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70113398,"text":"70113398 - 1985 - Landsat-faciliated vegetation classification of the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge and adjacent areas, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T15:13:27.734632","indexId":"70113398","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-20T15:30:04","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Landsat-faciliated vegetation classification of the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge and adjacent areas, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>A Landsat-based vegetation map was prepared for Kenai National Wildlife Refuge and adjacent lands, 2 million and 2.5 million acres respectively.  The refuge lies within the middle boreal sub zone of south central Alaska.  Seven major classes and sixteen subclasses were recognized: forest (closed needleleaf, needleleaf woodland, mixed); deciduous scrub (lowland and montane, subalpine); dwarf scrub (dwarf shrub tundra, lichen tundra, dwarf shrub and lichen tundra, dwarf shrub peatland, string bog/wetlands); herbaceous (graminoid meadows and marshes); scarcely vegetated areas ; water (clear, moderately turbid, highly turbid); and glaciers.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The methodology employed a cluster-block technique.  Sample areas were described based on a combination of helicopter-ground survey, aerial photo interpretation, and digital Landsat data.  Major steps in the Landsat analysis involved: preprocessing (geometric connection), spectral class labeling of sample areas, derivation of statistical parameters for spectral classes, preliminary classification of the entree study area using a maximum-likelihood algorithm, and final classification through ancillary information such as digital elevation data.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The vegetation map (scale 1:250,000) was a pioneering effort since there were no intermediate-sclae maps of the area.  Representative of distinctive regional patterns, the map was suitable for use in comprehensive conservation planning and wildlife management.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 10 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Talbot, S., Shasby, M., and Bailey, T., 1985, Landsat-faciliated vegetation classification of the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge and adjacent areas, Alaska, <i>in</i> Pecora 10 Symposium, p. 333-345.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"333","endPage":"345","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kenai National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -151.335508,60.516137 ], [ -151.335508,60.603701 ], [ -151.072172,60.603701 ], [ -151.072172,60.516137 ], [ -151.335508,60.516137 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7759e4b0abf75cf2c10b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Talbot, Stephen S.","contributorId":73266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Stephen S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shasby, M.B.","contributorId":68367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shasby","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, T.N.","contributorId":99896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"T.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70113380,"text":"70113380 - 1985 - Comparison of fire fuel maps produced using MSS and AVHRR data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T14:56:19.187034","indexId":"70113380","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-20T15:02:46","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Comparison of fire fuel maps produced using MSS and AVHRR data","docAbstract":"<p>The fuel information, in support of the Bureau of Land Management's (BLM) national fire program, has been obtained through the manila interpretation of Landsat multi-spectral scanner images and digital image analysis of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data.  The BLM, in cooperation with the Earth Resources Observation Systems Data Center, determined that the accuracy (approximately 90 percent overall) was similar for deriving fire fuel information for Malheur County in eastern Oregon using either approach, and for an area the size of Malheur County (6.4 million acres), the costs were about the same (0.19 cents per acre).  But the cost per acre was substantially lower (0.04 cents) where digital analysis of AVHRR data were used to derive fire fuel information for a 42-million-acre area in eastern Oregon.  Based on these results, the BLM is using digital analysis of AVHRR data to support its operational fire fuel mapping program.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 10 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.A., and Johnston, D.C., 1985, Comparison of fire fuel maps produced using MSS and AVHRR data, <i>in</i> Pecora 10 Symposium, p. 305-314.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"314","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288935,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Malheur County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.2336,41.997 ], [ -118.2336,44.4445 ], [ -116.8941,44.4445 ], [ -116.8941,41.997 ], [ -118.2336,41.997 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7658e4b0abf75cf2bf3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Wayne A. wamiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Wayne","email":"wamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, David C.","contributorId":98636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70113365,"text":"70113365 - 1985 - Change detection in rangeland environments using Landsat MSS data: A quantitative approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T14:44:34.683767","indexId":"70113365","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-20T14:40:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Change detection in rangeland environments using Landsat MSS data: A quantitative approach","docAbstract":"<p>A range forage utilization study on the Crow Creek Indian Reservation in central South Dakota provided the opportunity to use Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) data for examining range condition trends.  A procedure was developed to compare change in spectral reflectance over time for polygon areas, defined by resource type within management units.  A t-test was used to evaluate changes in brightness and greenness within pastures between September 27, 1978, and September 18, 1983.  The first principal component transformation from four-band MSS images for both dates was used as a measure of brightness.  Greenness was measure using the second principal component transformation for both dates.  Examination of the brightness date showed that the assumptions required for a valid t-test were met.  The greenness data violated the assumption of independence between dates and was not used for trend comparisons.  The t-values calculated from each polygon were coded into three groups: (1) those indicating significant brightness decrease, (2) those indicating significant brightness increase, and (3) those indicating no significant brightness change.  Significance was determine at the 5-percent level.  These results were formatted into an image, which is a preliminary product for evaluating range condition trends over a 5-year period.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 10 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Johnston, D.C., and Haas, R.H., 1985, Change detection in rangeland environments using Landsat MSS data: A quantitative approach, <i>in</i> Pecora 10 Symposium, p. 169-178.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"178","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288934,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Crow Creek Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.239163,43.947517 ], [ -99.239163,43.963581 ], [ -99.207148,43.963581 ], [ -99.207148,43.947517 ], [ -99.239163,43.947517 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7651e4b0abf75cf2bf20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, David C.","contributorId":98636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haas, Robert H.","contributorId":93388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70113342,"text":"70113342 - 1985 - Updating range surveys using a geographic information system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T14:37:11.807351","indexId":"70113342","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-20T13:58:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Updating range surveys using a geographic information system","docAbstract":"<p>A spatial database was developed for the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation in North Dakota to demonstrate the use of a geographic information system for natural resource management.  A key component of the digital database was a detailed soil survey.  Range site boundaries were derived by aggregating soil mapping units on the basis on interpretations from the published soil surveys.  The problem was that no range survey data including stocking rates and condition class were available for the soil-survey-derived range sites.  The only available range survey was a survey that was based on range site delineations from a Missouri River Basin Inventory (MRBI) program conducted in 1961, prior to the availability of soil survey data.  The MRBI survey information was correlated with the revised range sites derived from the soil surveys to device stocking rates and condition classes.  A 1:24,000-scale map which included revised range site boundaries and management boundaries was produced for each township within the reservation.  All polygons on the maps were uniquely labeled to permit discrimination of the potential differences in range site stocking rates due to grazing management practices.  The maps and the associated polygon attribute data were merged with maps of the MRBI transect information to derive the stocking rate and condition class for each revised range site within a management unit.  The resulting database components were a map of revised range site boundaries within management units and an associated tabular file containing attribute information including stocking rate and condition class.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 10 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Eidenshink, J.C., and Sjaastad, D.C., 1985, Updating range surveys using a geographic information system, <i>in</i> Pecora 10 Symposium, p. 135-142.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"142","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Fort Berthold Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102.7853,47.4611 ], [ -102.7853,47.8195 ], [ -102.2054,47.8195 ], [ -102.2054,47.4611 ], [ -102.7853,47.4611 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae788be4b0abf75cf2d81e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eidenshink, Jeffery C. eidenshink@usgs.gov","contributorId":1352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eidenshink","given":"Jeffery","email":"eidenshink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sjaastad, David C.","contributorId":107203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sjaastad","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70113341,"text":"70113341 - 1985 - Interim program for land cover mapping in Alaska utilizing Landsat digital data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T15:03:01.720688","indexId":"70113341","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-20T13:47:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Interim program for land cover mapping in Alaska utilizing Landsat digital data","docAbstract":"<p>The enactment of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA) in 1980 imposed mandates on all major land management agencies in Alaska to prepare comprehensive resource and management plans to assess wildlife habitat, oil and gas exploration and development, wild and scenic river, land disposals, timber production, and archaeological and cultural resources,  To meet these objective, the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) has embarked on a plan to classify land cover for the entire State of Alaska using Landsat digital data.  the USGS, in cooperation with other agencies, has completely Landsat-derived land use and land cover classification of 115 million acres for the State of Alaska.  With this work as a substantial foundation, the USGS has prepared a comprehensive plan for classifying the remaining areas of Alaska.  The development of this program will lead to a complete interim land use and land cover classification system for Alaska and provide for the dissemination of map products, statistics, and acreage summaries for all areas of Alaska at 1:250,000 scale.  It also allows for the dissemination of Landsat digital data for those areas.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 10 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Shasby, M., Carneggie, D., Gaydos, L., Fitzpatrick-Lins, K., Lauer, D., Ambrosia, V., and Benjamin, S., 1985, Interim program for land cover mapping in Alaska utilizing Landsat digital data, <i>in</i> Pecora 10 Symposium, p. 89-101.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"101","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288932,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7750e4b0abf75cf2c0f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shasby, Mark shasbym@usgs.gov","contributorId":69158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shasby","given":"Mark","email":"shasbym@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carneggie, David","contributorId":91019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carneggie","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaydos, Leonard","contributorId":79888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaydos","given":"Leonard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fitzpatrick-Lins, Katherine","contributorId":75906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick-Lins","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lauer, Donald","contributorId":100745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauer","given":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ambrosia, Vincent","contributorId":68653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambrosia","given":"Vincent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Benjamin, Susan","contributorId":77938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benjamin","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70113321,"text":"70113321 - 1985 - New horizons in remote sensing for forest and range resource management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T14:52:10.416845","indexId":"70113321","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-20T13:20:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"New horizons in remote sensing for forest and range resource management","docAbstract":"<p>Forest and range resource scientists were among the first to recognize the potential of aircraft and satellite remote sensing for management of timber, forage, water, and wildlife resource.  Today, data from a variety of sensor systems are being put to practical use for inventorying, monitoring, and assessing forest and range resources.  In the future, improved sensor systems providing new kinds of data will be available.  Likewise, new types of data handling and processing systems can be anticipated.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Among the new or anticipated aircraft and satellite systems and/or data are National High-Altitude Photograph II, U. S. Geological Survey-acquired Side-Looking Airborne  Radar, the Landsat thematic mapper, the National Oceanic Resolution Radiometer, the French Systeme Probatoire d'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) satellite, the European Space Agency Earth Resources Satellite, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Large Format Camera and Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-A, -B, and -C), and a variety of other systems in existence or planned by the Soviets, Japanese, Canadians, Chinese, Brazilians, Indonesians, and other.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Application examples are presented that illustrate uses of 1-kilometer-resolution AVHRR data, 80-meter Landsat multispectral scanner data, 30-meter Landsat thematic mapper data, and 10-meter SPOT-simulator data.  These examples address fire fuel monitoring, land cover mapping, rangeland assessment, and soils landscape mapping.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora 10 Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Lauer, D.T., 1985, New horizons in remote sensing for forest and range resource management, <i>in</i> Pecora 10 Symposium, p. 30-41.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"41","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288929,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7784e4b0abf75cf2c16b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lauer, D. T.","contributorId":47907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70231702,"text":"70231702 - 1985 - Using satellite data for mapping and monitoring vegetation resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-23T15:10:45.574202","indexId":"70231702","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-01T09:56:20","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using satellite data for mapping and monitoring vegetation resources","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote sensing applications for consumptive use (evapotranspiration)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"21st American Water Resources Association Conference and Symposium","conferenceDate":"August 11-16, 1985","conferenceLocation":"Tucson, Arizona, United States","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","usgsCitation":"Haas, R.H., 1985, Using satellite data for mapping and monitoring vegetation resources, <i>in</i> Remote sensing applications for consumptive use (evapotranspiration), v. 6, Tucson, Arizona, United States, August 11-16, 1985, p. 51-64.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"64","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haas, R. H.","contributorId":57456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":843475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14248,"text":"ofr84819 - 1985 - Ground-water data for the alluvial, buried channel, Basel Pleistocene and Dakota aquifer in west-central Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-24T20:10:09.628205","indexId":"ofr84819","displayToPublicDate":"1985-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-819","title":"Ground-water data for the alluvial, buried channel, Basel Pleistocene and Dakota aquifer in west-central Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this investigation was to determine the availability, quantity and quality of groundwater from three principal aquifers in West-Central Iowa, the alluvial, buried channel, Basal Pleistocene and the Dakota aquifers. Specific objectives were to: (1) determine the location, extent and the nature of these aquifers; (2) evaluate the occurrence and movement of groundwater, including the sources of recharge and discharge; (3) estimate the quantities of water stored in the aquifers; (4) estimate the potential yields of wells tapping the aquifers; (5) estimate the water use; and (6) describe the chemical quality of the groundwater. This report is the compilation of the data collected during the investigation and has the purpose of providing a reference for an interpretive report describing groundwater resources and a bedrock topography map of the study area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr84819","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Hunt, P.K., and Runkle, D.L., 1985, Ground-water data for the alluvial, buried channel, Basel Pleistocene and Dakota aquifer in west-central Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-819, iv, 168 p.  **PUBLICATION PAGES ARE IN INCORRECT ORDER**, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84819.","productDescription":"iv, 168 p.  **PUBLICATION PAGES ARE IN INCORRECT ORDER**","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":144681,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0819/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42934,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0819/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.5,41.5 ], [ -96.5,42.5 ], [ -94,42.5 ], [ -94,41.5 ], [ -96.5,41.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d63d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Pamela K. B.","contributorId":89142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"K. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkle, Donna L. dlrunkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":2556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkle","given":"Donna","email":"dlrunkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":169148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70211187,"text":"70211187 - 1985 - Rate and depth of pedogenic-carbonate accumulation in soils: Formation and testing of a compartment model.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-16T18:10:30.180814","indexId":"70211187","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-16T12:24:38","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rate and depth of pedogenic-carbonate accumulation in soils: Formation and testing of a compartment model.","docAbstract":"<p>The rate and depth of pedogenic carbonate accumulation in soils formed in Quaternary alluvium may be viewed as a theoretical problem that involves the mutual interaction of several independent and dependent soil-forming variables. We propose a model for carbonate accumulation in which the soil column is defined by a vertical sequence of 1-cm<sup>2</sup>-area compartments, each with a specified texture, bulk density, water-holding content, lithologic and mineralogic composition, soil-air pCO<sub>2</sub>, ionic strength, and temperature. On the basis of these data, rates of carbonate solubility and dissolution within a given compartment are determined. In arkosic to lithic arkosic sandy parent materials, high carbonate solubility (0.137 to 0.212 mg/ml) and the large reactive surface area of eolian calcareous dust result in rapid carbonate dissolution (0.79 to 9.92 × 10<sup>−10</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>g/cm<sup>2</sup>/sec) that promotes rapid translocation of carbonate by infiltrating water. We derive a group of equations and use them to calculate net carbonate depletion or accumulation in a soil compartment over an interval of time as a function of the independent variables temperature and precipitation. These two variables largely determine or strongly influence soil-water balance, the external carbonate influx rate, and carbonate solubility.</p><p>The carbonate distribution that our model predicts closely resembles the observed carbonate distribution in soils associated with Holocene deposits forming in arid, hyperthermic to xeric, thermic moisture-temperature regimes in southern California. This modeling indicates that with a mean carbonate influx rate of 1 × 10<sup>−4</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>g/cm<sup>2</sup>/yr and in a semiarid, thermic climate, the maximum depression of the top of the Cca horizon is attained within only a few thousand years. In contrast, given the same influx rate, our model predicts that a noncalcareous B horizon cannot form in an arid, hyperthermic climate, a conclusion supported by field and laboratory studies of calcic soils in this climate.</p><p>The influence of glacial-to-interglacial climatic changes on carbonate accumulation can be modeled by calculating latest Pleistocene soil-water balance with the aid of published estimates of full-glacial temperature and precipitation. On the basis of these modeling results, we propose that either of two types of glacial-to-interglacial climatic changes may account for the strongly bimodal, apparently polygenetic carbonate distribution that is observed in late Pleistocene soils of the eastern Mojave Desert of southern California. Such results of compartment-strategy modeling are encouraging and indicate the great potential of combined theoretical and empirical methods for considering pedological problems of interest to Quaternary geologists.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE203-p23","usgsCitation":"McFadden, L.D., and Tinsley, J., 1985, Rate and depth of pedogenic-carbonate accumulation in soils: Formation and testing of a compartment model.: GSA Special Papers, v. 203, p. 23-41, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE203-p23.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"41","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376441,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"203","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McFadden, Leslie D.","contributorId":139971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McFadden","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13339,"text":"University of New Mexico, Albuquerque","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tinsley, John jtinsley@usgs.gov","contributorId":140545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinsley","given":"John","email":"jtinsley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70231501,"text":"70231501 - 1985 - Assessment and monitoring of sedimentation in the Aswan High Dam Reservoir using Landsat imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-11T17:03:42.23185","indexId":"70231501","displayToPublicDate":"1985-07-11T11:31:40","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Assessment and monitoring of sedimentation in the Aswan High Dam Reservoir using Landsat imagery","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological applications of remote sensing and remote data transmission","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"1983 Hamburg Symposium","conferenceDate":"1983","conferenceLocation":"Hamburg, Germany","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrological Sciences","usgsCitation":"Smith, S., Mancy, K.H., Latif, A.F., and Fosnight, E.A., 1985, Assessment and monitoring of sedimentation in the Aswan High Dam Reservoir using Landsat imagery, <i>in</i> Hydrological applications of remote sensing and remote data transmission, v. 145, Hamburg, Germany, 1983, p. 499-508.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"508","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400518,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://iahs.info/redbooks/145.htm"}],"country":"Egypt","otherGeospatial":"Aswan High Dam Reservoir, Nile River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            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