{"pageNumber":"1566","pageRowStart":"39125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40783,"records":[{"id":8680,"text":"ofr78336 - 1978 - Proceedings of Conference IV: the use of volunteers in the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, convened under the auspices of National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, 2-3 February, 1978, Menlo Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T18:50:11","indexId":"ofr78336","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-336","title":"Proceedings of Conference IV: the use of volunteers in the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, convened under the auspices of National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, 2-3 February, 1978, Menlo Park, California","docAbstract":"There are tens of thousands of people in the United States who could\nplay an important voluntary role in reducing earthquake hazards and are\nprobably willing to do so. Under the Earthquake Hazard Reduction Act of\n1977 the Federal government is significantly increasing its effort \"to\nreduce the risk of life and property from future earthquakes in the\nUnited States through the establishment and maintenance of an effective\nearthquake hazards reduction program.\" This program involves research,\nfor example, by geologists, seismologists, engineers, sociologists,\neducators, and public policy experts sponsored primarily by the U.S.\nGeological Survey and the National Science Foundation. There is a heavy\nemphasis, however, on the implementation of these results in local\ncommunities. When all the research results are available, the benefits\nof these efforts will depend on whether individual citizens living in\nearthquake zones accurately perceive the relative importance of\nearthquake hazards. These individuals can then decide for themselves how\nto modify their own lifestyles to minimize these hazards. Thus, one of\nthe seven objectives of this national program is \"the education of the\npublic, including state and local officials, as to earthquake phenomena,\nthe identification of locations and structures which are especially\nsusceptible to earthquake damage, ways to reduce the adverse consequences\nof an earthquake, and related matters.\"","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/ofr78336","usgsCitation":"1978, Proceedings of Conference IV: the use of volunteers in the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, convened under the auspices of National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, 2-3 February, 1978, Menlo Park, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-336, 273 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78336.","productDescription":"273 p.","numberOfPages":"279","costCenters":[{"id":490,"text":"Office of Earthquake Studies","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286550,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286549,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0336/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660922","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ward, Peter L.","contributorId":69574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503964,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1205,"text":"wsp2056 - 1978 - Analysis of runoff from small drainage basins in Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8444,"text":"ofr77727 - 1977 - Analysis of runoff from small drainage basins in Wyoming","indexId":"ofr77727","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Analysis of runoff from small drainage basins in Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1205,"text":"wsp2056 - 1978 - Analysis of runoff from small drainage basins in Wyoming","indexId":"wsp2056","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Analysis of runoff from small drainage basins in Wyoming"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":55894,"text":"ofr6961 - 1969 - Study of flood hydrographs for small drainage basins in Wyoming--progress report","indexId":"ofr6961","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Study of flood hydrographs for small drainage basins in Wyoming--progress report"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1205,"text":"wsp2056 - 1978 - Analysis of runoff from small drainage basins in Wyoming","indexId":"wsp2056","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Analysis of runoff from small drainage basins in Wyoming"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:17","indexId":"wsp2056","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2056","title":"Analysis of runoff from small drainage basins in Wyoming","docAbstract":"A flood-hydrograph study has defined the magnitude and frequency of flood volumes and flood peaks that can be expected from drainage basins smaller than 11 square miles in the plains and valley areas of Wyoming. Rainfall and runoff data, collected for 9 years on a seasonal basis (April through September), were used to calibrate a rainfall-runoff model on each of 22 small basins. Long-term records of runoff volume and peak discharge were synthesized for these 22 basins. \r\n\r\nFlood volumes and flood peaks of specific recurrence intervals (2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years) were then related to basin characteristics with a high degree of correlation. Flood volumes were related to drainage area, maximum relief, and basin slope. Flood peaks were related to drainage area, maximum relief, basin slope, and channel slope. An investigation of ponding behind a highway embankment, with available storage capacity and with a culvert to allow outflow, has shown that the single fast-rising peak is most important in culvert design. Consequently, a dimensionless hydrograph defines the characteristic shape of flood hydrographs to be expected from small drainage basins in Wyoming. For design purposes, a peak and volume can be estimated from basin characteristics and used with the dimensionless hydrograph to produce a synthetic single-peak hydrograph. Incremental discharges of the hydrograph can be routed along a channel, where a highway fill and culvert are to be placed, to help determine the most economical size of culvert if embankment storage is to be considered.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey : for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2056","usgsCitation":"Craig, G.S., and Rankl, J.G., 1978, Analysis of runoff from small drainage basins in Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2056, vi, 70 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm. --, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2056.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm. --","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2056/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26085,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2056/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db68018f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craig, Gordon S.","contributorId":78310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rankl, James G.","contributorId":93026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankl","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":36860,"text":"fwsobs78_19 - 1978 - Stream channel modification in Hawaii. Part D: summary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:39","indexId":"fwsobs78_19","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"78/19","title":"Stream channel modification in Hawaii. Part D: summary report","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Parrish, J., 1978, Stream channel modification in Hawaii. Part D: summary report: FWS/OBS 78/19, pt. : ill.; 27 cm.","productDescription":"pt. : ill.; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":167062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a51fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrish, J.D.","contributorId":63083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":217085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":10198,"text":"ofr78929 - 1978 - Regional and local networks of horizontal control, Cerro Prieto geothermal area, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T20:23:08.42883","indexId":"ofr78929","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-929","title":"Regional and local networks of horizontal control, Cerro Prieto geothermal area, Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>The Cerro Prieto geothermal area in the Mexicali Valley 30 km southeast of Mexicali, Baja California, is probably deforming due to (1) the extraction of large volumes of steam and hot water, and (2) active tectonism. Two networks of precise horizontal control were established in Mexicali Valley by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1977-78 to measure both types of movement as they occur. These networks consisted of (1) a regional trilateration net brought into the mountain ranges west of the geothermal area from survey stations on an existing U.S. Geological Survey crustal-strain network north of the international border, and (2) a local net tied to stations in the regional net and encompassing the area of present and planned geothermal production. Survey lines in this net were selected to span areas of probable ground-surface movements in and around the geothermal area.</p><p>Electronic distance measuring (EDM) instruments, operating with a modulated laser beam, were used to measure the distances between stations in both networks. The regional net was run using a highly precise long-range EDM instrument, helicopters for transportation of men and equipment to inaccessible stations on mountain peaks, and a fixed wing airplane flying along the line of sight. Precision of measurements with this complex long-range system approached 0.2 parts per million of line length. The local net was measured with medium range EDM instrument requiring minimal ancillary equipment. Precision of measurements with this less complex system approached 3 parts per million for the shorter line lengths.</p><p>The detection and analysis of ground-surface movements resulting from tectonic strains or induced by geothermal fluid withdrawal is dependent on subsequent resurveys of these networks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78929","usgsCitation":"Massey, B.L., 1978, Regional and local networks of horizontal control, Cerro Prieto geothermal area, Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-929, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78929.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142560,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0929/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":422940,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0929/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Baja California","otherGeospatial":"Cerro Prieto geothermal area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.31764533858325,\n              32.42712278149227\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.31764533858325,\n              32.403936612481544\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.29361274580982,\n              32.403936612481544\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.29361274580982,\n              32.42712278149227\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.31764533858325,\n              32.42712278149227\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c5e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Massey, Bruce L.","contributorId":74001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massey","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28263,"text":"wri7811 - 1978 - Effects of urban development on the flood-flow characteristics of the Walnut Creek Basin, Des Moines Metropolitan area, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-18T09:32:36","indexId":"wri7811","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-11","title":"Effects of urban development on the flood-flow characteristics of the Walnut Creek Basin, Des Moines Metropolitan area, Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>This report deals with the probable impact of urban development on the magnitude and frequency of flooding in the lower reach of the Walnut creek Basin.</p><p>Stream-modeling techniques, which include complete definition of unit hydroqraphs and precipitation loss-rate criteria, were utilized to evaluate the effects of urban development as measured by percentages of impervious area over the basin. A mathematical model, called HEC-1, was calibrated by using concurrent rainfall-runoff data collected at three gaging stations in the basin. The model parameters were regionalized to allow future users to estimate the model parameters for ungaged areas within the basin.</p><p>Long-term rainfall data recorded at two nearby stations were employed as basic input to the calibrated model to generate annual peak discharges corresponding to selected degrees of urbanization. Results are presented in tables and graphs, which compare the pre-urban and urban flood flow characteristics of the lower reach of the Walnut Creek basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7811","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Natural Resources Council","usgsCitation":"Lara, O.G., 1978, Effects of urban development on the flood-flow characteristics of the Walnut Creek Basin, Des Moines Metropolitan area, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-11, v, 31 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7811.","productDescription":"v, 31 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369212,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0011/report.pdf"},{"id":318303,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0011/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Walnut Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.55545043945312,\n              41.57384762780053\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.61793518066406,\n              41.68829673005491\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.68728637695312,\n              41.793328494130215\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.75801086425781,\n              41.8496161693754\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.84178161621094,\n              41.87671893034394\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.93928527832031,\n              41.90636538970964\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.03953552246094,\n              41.91556321720713\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.15695190429688,\n              41.883365022797314\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.185791015625,\n              41.841431946284054\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.17137145996094,\n              41.75133640385731\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.12467956542969,\n              41.66932147792171\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.09446716308594,\n              41.60209386160467\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.06837463378906,\n              41.56665570423207\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.97430419921875,\n              41.51886045990478\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.78822326660156,\n              41.52657175967685\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.66600036621094,\n              41.553297150595185\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.61793518066406,\n              41.572820259168125\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.55545043945312,\n              41.57384762780053\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60fea0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lara, Oscar G.","contributorId":19555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lara","given":"Oscar","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":10771,"text":"ofr78707 - 1978 - Use and interpretation of strong-motion records from highway bridges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-24T00:02:11.750971","indexId":"ofr78707","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-707","title":"Use and interpretation of strong-motion records from highway bridges","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes how strong-motion records obtained from the earthquake-induced motions of highway bridges may be analyzed for use in the evaluation of bridge designs and bridge design procedures.</p><p>This report is divided into five principal sections. The first section describes strong-motion instrumentation and strong-motion records. In the second section, a mathematical model for the dynamic response of bridges to strong ground shaking is formulated. The third section describes how analog records scaled by hand can be analyzed. Force levels throughout bridges and mathematical model parameters are found from hypothetical strong motions for two example bridges. The fourth section describes how digitized records can be analyzed. A linear least-squares fitting procedure in the time domain for identifying mathematical model parameters from recorded strong motions is described. Hypothetical motions for three example bridges are analyzed using this procedure to yield best-fit mathematical models. The last section consists of appendices. Included are a more extensive introduction to dynamics of structures and listings of the programs used to identify the best-fit mathematical models.</p><p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78707","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Dept. of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Raggett, J., and Rojahn, C., 1978, Use and interpretation of strong-motion records from highway bridges: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-707, Report: 168 p.; 1 Plate: 33.85 x 25.47 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78707.","productDescription":"Report: 168 p.; 1 Plate: 33.85 x 25.47 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413377,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0707/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143532,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0707/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":413379,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0707/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6051f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raggett, J.D.","contributorId":8109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raggett","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rojahn, Christopher","contributorId":97906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rojahn","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26304,"text":"wri78115 - 1978 - Water chemistry of the Redwood Creek and Mill Creek basins, Redwood National Park, Humboldt and Del Norte Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-08T20:55:02.181341","indexId":"wri78115","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-115","title":"Water chemistry of the Redwood Creek and Mill Creek basins, Redwood National Park, Humboldt and Del Norte Counties, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>A 2-year study was made in the Redwood Creek and Mill Creek drainage </span><span>basins of Redwood National Park to determine existing chemical water-quality </span><span>conditions and to identify the effects of logging on water quality in the main </span><span>stems and tributaries of the two basins. </span></p><p><span>Overall, the chemical water quality of the main stems and the tributaries is excellent, suitable for most beneficial uses. Dissolved-solids concentrations range from 25 milligrams per liter in the Redwood Creek basin and 21 milligrams per liter in the Mill Creek basin during the rainy season to 139 and 49 during the dry season. Water shifts from a mixed calcium-sodium bicarbonate-chloride type toward a calcium bicarbonate type from the end of the wet season to the end of the dry season. It shifts back toward a mixed calcium-sodium bicarbonate-chloride type from the end of the dry season to the end of the wet season. The pH shifts with the water type from a median value of 6.80 in the rainy season to 7.37 in the dry season. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations are generally too low to support nuisance algae but are high enough, in some streams, to support modest populations, particularly in the main stem where light levels are high. Trace-metal concentrations are low, typical of clean streams. </span></p><p><span>Evidence suggests that dissolved calcium and bicarbonate in stream water is produced by weathering of the Franciscan assemblage underlying the basins but that chlorides are transported inland from the ocean as dry fallout and spray and in rain. Exposure of the surface soils to the elements, either by logging or by natural causes such as sparse vegetation, seems to accelerate weathering, which leads to a calcium bicarbonate water type. Logging accelerates weathering most in the tributary watersheds with regoliths derived from sandstone and least in those with regoliths derived from schist; however, the data suggest that the rate of weathering in a schistose watershed can increase dramatically if soil disruption is extensive.</span></p><p><span>Studies during storms indicated that specific conductance and alkalinity </span><span>were two to three times as likely to decrease at the discharge peak in logged </span><span>watersheds as in forested ones. This suggests that overland flow containing </span><span>lower concentrations of soil-derived dissolved solids than flow from other </span><span>sources is a larger component of peak flow in logged watersheds than in </span><span>forested watersheds.</span></p><p><span>Comparing a storm in November 1974 to one in February 1975, nitrate concentration increased significantly from November to February in a stream draining a logged watershed and decreased significantly in a stream draining a forested watershed. Then from the rainy season to the dry season, nitrate decreased in both logged and forested watersheds. This pattern suggests that soil nitrate produced by fixation and organic decomposition early in the rainy season tends to wash out of logged watersheds but be taken up in tree growth in forested watersheds. As the dry season progresses, base flow containing little nitrate enters the streams, causing a decrease in nitrate concentration. By contrast, the other plant nutrients--phosphorus, Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonium, and dissolved organic carbon--all decreased in streams from the November 1974 storm to the February 1975 storm and changed little from the rainy season through the dry season. This pattern suggests that these materials tend to accumulate in the soil during the dry season and be washed out and diluted as the rainy season progresses. Very little reaches the water table due to soil absorption so that little appears in the base flow during the dry season. </span></p><p><span><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri78115","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Bradford, W.L., and Iwatsubo, R.T., 1978, Water chemistry of the Redwood Creek and Mill Creek basins, Redwood National Park, Humboldt and Del Norte Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-115, vi, 112 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri78115.","productDescription":"vi, 112 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380344,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0115/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157497,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0115/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":465902,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35215.htm","text":"Mill Creek basin","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":465903,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35215.htm","text":"Redwood Creek basin","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Del Norte County, Humboldt County","otherGeospatial":"Redwood National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.31030273437499,\n              40.65563874006118\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.22265625000001,\n              40.65563874006118\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.22265625000001,\n              42.002366213375524\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.31030273437499,\n              42.002366213375524\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.31030273437499,\n              40.65563874006118\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa285","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradford, Wesley L.","contributorId":95451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"Wesley","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iwatsubo, Rick T.","contributorId":11602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwatsubo","given":"Rick","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27400,"text":"wri77128 - 1978 - Reaeration capacity of the Rock River between Lake Koshkonong, Wisconsin and Rockton, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-21T10:05:26","indexId":"wri77128","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-128","title":"Reaeration capacity of the Rock River between Lake Koshkonong, Wisconsin and Rockton, Illinois","docAbstract":"<p>The reaeration capacity of the Rock River from Lake Koshkonong, Wisconsin, to Rockton, Illinois, was determined using the energy-dissipation model. The model was calibrated using data from radioactive-tracer measurements in the study reach. Reaeration coefficients (K2) were computed for the annual minimum 7-day mean discharge that occurs on the average of once in 10 years (Q7,10). A time-of-travel model was developed using river discharge, slope, and velocity data from three dye studies. The model was used to estimate traveltime for the Q7,10 for use in the energy-dissipation model. During one radiotracer study, 17 mile per hour winds apparently increased the reaeration coefficient about 40 times. (Woodard-USGS)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri77128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Grant, R.S., 1978, Reaeration capacity of the Rock River between Lake Koshkonong, Wisconsin and Rockton, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-128, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri77128.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0128/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56260,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0128/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Koshkonong, Rock River, Rockton","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.25567626953125,\n              42.49741548732684\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.25567626953125,\n              42.86086645611156\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.75991821289062,\n              42.86086645611156\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.75991821289062,\n              42.49741548732684\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.25567626953125,\n              42.49741548732684\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6486e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grant, R. Stephen","contributorId":83125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26436,"text":"wri7889 - 1978 - Hydrologic evaluation of part of central Volusia County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T21:30:08.897838","indexId":"wri7889","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-89","title":"Hydrologic evaluation of part of central Volusia County, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>Municipal wells close to the Atlantic Coast cannot be expected to supply the steadily increasing population of Volusia County, Florida, indefinitely without causing saltwater intrusion problems. Therefore, new wells will be drilled away from the coast. The source of water for the planned artesian aquifer well field will be leakage from the water-table aquifer above. A digital model of the leaky aquifer system indicates that long-term yield of about 20 million gallons per day can be expected without the cone of depression dropping low enough to cause saltwater intrusion. Some types of land development could remove potential recharge from the area. Model tests with decreased leakage indicate that a large amount of potential recharge water would have to be removed from the system to effect an appreciable lowering of the cone of depression. Lowering the recharge potential by 20 percent apparently would have little effect on the cone. Lowering the recharge potential by 60 percent would, according to the model, increase the maximum depth of the cone by 27 percent. Land development that would redistribute potential recharge, rather than drain it away from the system, would have little effect on the aquifer beneath the well field.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7889","usgsCitation":"Bush, P.W., 1978, Hydrologic evaluation of part of central Volusia County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-89, v, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7889.","productDescription":"v, 50 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411746,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35276.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":158124,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0089/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95601,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0089/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Volusia County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.192,\n              29.2\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.192,\n              29.067\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.133,\n              29.067\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.133,\n              29.2\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.192,\n              29.2\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605642","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bush, P. W.","contributorId":14826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":10570,"text":"ofr78845 - 1978 - Geologic interpretation of gravity data from the Date Creek basin and adjacent areas, west-central Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T21:06:24.569281","indexId":"ofr78845","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-845","title":"Geologic interpretation of gravity data from the Date Creek basin and adjacent areas, west-central Arizona","docAbstract":"A gravity survey of the Date Creek Basin and adjacent areas was conducted in June 1977 to provide information for the interpretation of basin geology. A comparison of facies relations in the locally uraniferous Chapin Wash Formation and the position of the Anderson mine gravity anomaly in the Date Creek Basin suggested that a relationship between gravity lows and the development of thick lacustrine sections in the region might exist. A second-order residual gravity map derived from the complete Bouguer gravity map for the survey area (derived from survey data and pre-existing U.S. Department of Defense data) shows an excellent correspondence between gravity lows and sediment-filled basins and suggests considerable variation in basin-fill thickness. Using the Anderson mine anomaly as a model, gravity data and facies relations suggest that the southeastern flank of the Aguila Valley gravity low and the gravity low at the western end of the Hassayampa Plain are likely areas for finding thick sections of tuffaceous lacustrine rocks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78845","usgsCitation":"Otton, J.K., and Wynn, J.C., 1978, Geologic interpretation of gravity data from the Date Creek basin and adjacent areas, west-central Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-845, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78845.","productDescription":"18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408002,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74941.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":38402,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0845/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0845/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Date Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114,\n              33.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -113,\n              33.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -113,\n              34.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -114,\n              34.375\n            ],\n            [\n              -114,\n              33.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a54a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":161612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wynn, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":81081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":10291,"text":"ofr78936 - 1978 - Water-level declines in the Madison area, Dane County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-08T14:19:33","indexId":"ofr78936","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-936","title":"Water-level declines in the Madison area, Dane County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>The water supply for the city of Madison, Wisconsin, and for surrounding municipalities is obtained from the ground-water reservoir that underlies the area. This ground-water reservoir is composed of an upper aquifer and an underlying sandstone aquifer. High-capacity water-supply wells pump from the sandstone aquifer.</p>\n<p>Pumping from the sandstone aquifer has resulted in hydrologic changes. The water level has dropped in both the upper aquifer and underlying sandstone aquifer, and the flow of water in streams has been reduced.</p>\n<p>The effects of anticipated pumping were examined with the use of a digital model. The maximum water-level decline from the beginning of pumping in 1882 until 1975 was about 75 feet in the sandstone aquifer and 10 to 20 feet in the upper aquifer. Additional declines between 1975 and 2000 were computed to be 10 to 30 feet in the sandstone aquifer and 5 to 10 feet in the upper aquifer. The average annual streamflow of the Yahara River at the McFarland gaging station was reduced 32 percent from the beginning of pumping to 1975. An additional 7 percent reduction in streamflow was computed for the period 1975 to 2000.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78936","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Madison Water Utility","usgsCitation":"McLeod, R., 1978, Water-level declines in the Madison area, Dane County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-936, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78936.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":38144,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0936/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0936/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane","city":"Madison","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.0094,43.286],[-89.0084,43.2555],[-89.0094,43.2],[-89.01,43.1131],[-89.0109,43.0849],[-89.0107,43.0271],[-89.0132,42.9353],[-89.013,42.8762],[-89.0119,42.8471],[-89.132,42.8479],[-89.2488,42.8478],[-89.3689,42.8484],[-89.3688,42.8575],[-89.4832,42.858],[-89.6026,42.8575],[-89.7196,42.8587],[-89.8377,42.8598],[-89.8375,42.9471],[-89.8386,43.0317],[-89.8384,43.1181],[-89.8394,43.205],[-89.8325,43.2123],[-89.825,43.2187],[-89.8175,43.226],[-89.8125,43.2342],[-89.8088,43.2369],[-89.8012,43.2365],[-89.7874,43.2356],[-89.771,43.237],[-89.7579,43.2379],[-89.7529,43.2443],[-89.7485,43.2507],[-89.7391,43.2548],[-89.7259,43.2644],[-89.7171,43.2739],[-89.714,43.2821],[-89.7165,43.2867],[-89.7235,43.2935],[-89.7209,43.2935],[-89.6008,43.2932],[-89.4819,43.2942],[-89.3617,43.2954],[-89.3624,43.2832],[-89.246,43.2834],[-89.1271,43.2827],[-89.0094,43.286]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Dane\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd032","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLeod, R.S.","contributorId":7283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLeod","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":11843,"text":"ofr781077B - 1978 - Analyses and descriptions of geochemical samples, Mountain Lake Wilderness Study Area, Virginia and West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:45","indexId":"ofr781077B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-1077","chapter":"B","title":"Analyses and descriptions of geochemical samples, Mountain Lake Wilderness Study Area, Virginia and West Virginia","docAbstract":"Semiquantitative emission spectrographic analyses for 64 elements on 95 stream sediment and 122 rock samples from Mountain Lake Wilderness Study Area, Giles and Craig Counties, Virginia and Monroe County, West Virginia, are reported here in detail. Locations for all samples are in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates. Brief descriptions of rock samples are also included. Rocks analysed are mostly sandstone. Samples of hematitic sandstone of the Rose Hill Formation and limonite-cemented sandstone of the Rocky Gap Sandstone contain high values of iron; these rocks are submarginal iron resources. Some of these iron-rich samples have a little more barium, copper, cobalt, lead, silver, and/or zinc than in average sandstone, but they do not suggest the presence of economic deposits of these metals. A few samples of Tuscarora Quartzite contain moderate amounts of manganese. These are from a submarginal manganese resource. No other obviously anomalous-values related to mineralized rock are present in the data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr781077B","usgsCitation":"Mei, L., Fletcher, J., Rait, N., and Lesure, F., 1978, Analyses and descriptions of geochemical samples, Mountain Lake Wilderness Study Area, Virginia and West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1077, 25 p. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr781077B.","productDescription":"25 p. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1077b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39743,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1077b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad1e4b07f02db680f46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mei, Leung","contributorId":40204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mei","given":"Leung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, J.D.","contributorId":24928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rait, Norma","contributorId":44128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rait","given":"Norma","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lesure, F. G.","contributorId":7694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesure","given":"F. G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":163861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":8788,"text":"ofr78528 - 1978 - Impact of flow regulation and power plant effluents on the flow and temperature regimes of the Chattahoochee River - Atlanta to Whitesburg, Georgia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8788,"text":"ofr78528 - 1978 - Impact of flow regulation and power plant effluents on the flow and temperature regimes of the Chattahoochee River - Atlanta to Whitesburg, Georgia","indexId":"ofr78528","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Impact of flow regulation and power plant effluents on the flow and temperature regimes of the Chattahoochee River - Atlanta to Whitesburg, Georgia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5903,"text":"pp1108 - 1979 - Impact of flow regulation and powerplant effluents on the flow and temperature regimes of the Chattahoochee River— Atlanta to Whitesburg, Georgia","indexId":"pp1108","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Impact of flow regulation and powerplant effluents on the flow and temperature regimes of the Chattahoochee River— Atlanta to Whitesburg, Georgia"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":5903,"text":"pp1108 - 1979 - Impact of flow regulation and powerplant effluents on the flow and temperature regimes of the Chattahoochee River— Atlanta to Whitesburg, Georgia","indexId":"pp1108","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Impact of flow regulation and powerplant effluents on the flow and temperature regimes of the Chattahoochee River— Atlanta to Whitesburg, Georgia"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T19:29:00.532679","indexId":"ofr78528","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-528","title":"Impact of flow regulation and power plant effluents on the flow and temperature regimes of the Chattahoochee River - Atlanta to Whitesburg, Georgia","docAbstract":"<p>A calibrated and verified transient flow temperature model was used to evaluate the effects of flow regulation and powerplant loadings on the natural temperature regime of the Chattahoochee River in northeast Georgia. Estimates were made of both instantaneous and average natural temperatures in the river during an eight-day period in August 1976. Differences between the computed average natural temperature and an independent estimate of natural temperature based on observed equilibrium temperatures were less than 0.5°C. The combined thermal effects of flow regulation and powerplant effluents resulted in mean daily river temperatures downstream of the powerplants about equal to or less than computed mean natural temperatures during the period of interest. An independent analysis of historical river and air-temperature data, although considerably less accurate than model computations, provided substantially the same result. The range and rates of change of computed natural diurnal temperature fluctuations were considerably less than those presently observed (1976) in the river. The models also were used to simulate summer river temperatures using estimated year 2000 flow conditions and meteorologic data collected during 1976. Except during periods of peak water-supply demand, differences between computed year 2000 river temperatures and observed present-day temperatures were less than 2°C.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78528","usgsCitation":"Faye, R.E., Jobson, H.E., and Land, L.F., 1978, Impact of flow regulation and power plant effluents on the flow and temperature regimes of the Chattahoochee River - Atlanta to Whitesburg, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-528, xii, 115 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78528.","productDescription":"xii, 115 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422921,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0528/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143602,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0528/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Atlanta, Whitesburg","otherGeospatial":"Chattahoochee River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n        \"stroke-width\": 2,\n        \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n        \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n        \"fill-opacity\": 0.5\n      },\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.06301879882812,\n              33.519644153199245\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.0506591796875,\n              33.39705230475205\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.9298095703125,\n              33.358061612778876\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.42169189453125,\n              33.701492795584365\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.3255615234375,\n              33.87725673930016\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.23355102539064,\n              34.04469442222683\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.37225341796875,\n              34.067449577393454\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.06301879882812,\n              33.519644153199245\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9de5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faye, Robert E.","contributorId":92221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faye","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jobson, Harvey E.","contributorId":27032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Land, Larry F.","contributorId":60612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":23554,"text":"ofr78356 - 1978 - Linear ground-water flow, flood-wave response program for programmable calculators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:09","indexId":"ofr78356","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-356","title":"Linear ground-water flow, flood-wave response program for programmable calculators","docAbstract":"Two programs are documented which solve a discretized analytical equation derived to determine head changes at a point in a one-dimensional ground-water flow system. The programs, written for programmable calculators, are in widely divergent but commonly encountered languages and serve to illustrate the adaptability of the linear model to use in situations where access to true computers is not possible or economical. The analytical method assumes a semi-infinite aquifer which is uniform in thickness and hydrologic characteristics, bounded on one side by an impermeable barrier and on the other parallel side by a fully penetrating stream in complete hydraulic connection with the aquifer. Ground-water heads may be calculated for points along a line which is perpendicular to the impermeable barrie and the fully penetrating stream. Head changes at the observation point are dependent on (1) the distance between that point and the impermeable barrier, (2) the distance between the line of stress (the stream) and the impermeable barrier, (3) aquifer diffusivity, (4) time, and (5) head changes along the line of stress. The primary application of the programs is to determine aquifer diffusivity by the flood-wave response technique. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78356","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Kernodle, J.M., 1978, Linear ground-water flow, flood-wave response program for programmable calculators: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-356, iv, 69 p. :ill. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78356.","productDescription":"iv, 69 p. :ill. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":113011,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0356/report.pdf","size":"1974","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0356/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kernodle, John Michael","contributorId":99171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kernodle","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9547,"text":"ofr78368 - 1978 - Sonobuoy refraction data near Kodiak, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-21T22:44:38.054259","indexId":"ofr78368","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-368","title":"Sonobuoy refraction data near Kodiak, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>A total of 88 unreversed sonobuoy refraction lines were shot over the continental shelf and slope near Kodiak, Alaska, in 1976 and 1977. Useful results were obtained from 59 of these attempts. The field measurements were carried out aboard the USGS research vessel SAMUEL P. LEE. The refraction lines were concentrated in three major areas: (1) the outer continental shelf from Portlock Bank to Chirikof Island; (2) Shelikof Strait; and (3) the continental slope between Kodiak Seamount and Portlock Bank.</p><p>Sound sources used during the refraction survey included 1326 and 2501 cubic inch air gun arrays, and a 160 kilojoule arcer. Most of the sonobuoys employed were U. S. Navy SSQ-41A and SSQ-41B models; a few commercial buoys (Refraction Technology and Fairfield Industries) were also used. Line lengths ranged from 5 to 30 km, and maximum subbottom penegration was 5.1 km.</p><p>The field data were recorded on magnetic tape as well as a conventional facsimile recorder. Data reduction was accomplished using the slope-intercept method with the assumption of plane layers. A computer program was used to calculate interval velocities, thicknesses, reflection times, and critical distances for each of the refracting layers; the program also generated a travel time plot showing refracted arrivals as well as wide angle reflections associated with each of the interfaces.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78368","usgsCitation":"Holmes, M.L., Meeder, C.A., and Creager, K.C., 1978, Sonobuoy refraction data near Kodiak, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-368, i, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78368.","productDescription":"i, 9 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422803,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0368/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141662,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0368/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Kodiak","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.43737727965075,\n              57.79815238959543\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.43737727965075,\n              57.777530805618085\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.37105910809015,\n              57.777530805618085\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.37105910809015,\n              57.79815238959543\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.43737727965075,\n              57.79815238959543\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e77cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Mark L.","contributorId":17229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meeder, Charles A.","contributorId":19950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeder","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Creager, Kenneth Clark","contributorId":61037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creager","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"Clark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":19629,"text":"ofr77732 - 1978 - Hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1976","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-17T20:01:27.763994","indexId":"ofr77732","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-732","title":"Hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1976","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Soil Conservation Service is actively engaged in the installation of flood- and soil-erosion reducing structures in Texas under the authority of \"The Flood Control Act of 1936 and 1944\" and Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act\" (Public Law 566), as amended. The Soil Conservation Service has found that approximately 3,500 floodwater-retarding structures would be physically and economically feasible in Texas. As of September 30, 1976, 1,673 (corrected figure) of these structures had been built.</p><p>This watershed-development program will have varying but important effects on surface- and ground-water resources of river basins, especially where a large number of the floodwater-retarding structures are built. Basic hydrologic data under natural and developed conditions are needed to appraise the effects of the structures on the yield and mode of occurrence of runoff.</p><p>During the period 1951-62, the U.S. Geological Survey began hydrologic investigations in 12 small watersheds (fig. 1). As of Sept. 30, 1976, data collection in ten of these study areas has been completed and is now in progress in the remaining two. These studies are being made in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board, the Soil Conservation Service, the San Antonio River Authority, the city of Dallas, and the Tarrant County Control and Improvement District No. 1. The 12 study areas were chosen to sample watersheds having different rainfall, topography, geology, and soils. In five of the study areas (North, Little Elm, Mukewater, Little Pond-North Elm, and Pin Oak Creeks), streamflow and rainfall records were collected prior to construction of the floodwater-retarding structures, thus affording the opportunity for analyses of the conditions \"before and after\" development. A summary of the development of the floodwater-retarding structures in each study area as of Sept. 30, 1976, is shown in table 1. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77732","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Tarrant County Water Control and Improvement District No. 1, the Soil Conservation Service, and the Texas Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Kidwell, C., 1978, Hydrologic data for North Creek, Trinity River basin, Texas, 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-732, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77732.","productDescription":"42 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389447,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0732/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0732/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"North Creek, Trinity River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.42033386230469,\n              33.16801930648876\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.250732421875,\n              33.16801930648876\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.250732421875,\n              33.28519397154413\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.42033386230469,\n              33.28519397154413\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.42033386230469,\n              33.16801930648876\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ed50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kidwell, C.C.","contributorId":54998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kidwell","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":8225,"text":"ofr78320 - 1978 - Eolian sand and interbedded organic horizons at Kealok Creek on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska: possible regional implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-18T19:24:01.902152","indexId":"ofr78320","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-320","title":"Eolian sand and interbedded organic horizons at Kealok Creek on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska: possible regional implications","docAbstract":"<p>Eolian sand has long been recognized as a widespread but minor facies of supposedly dominantly marine sediments of the Gubik Formation of the Arctic Coastal Plain (Smith and Mertie, 1930; Black, 1951 and 1964; O'Sullivan, 1961). Descriptions of eolian landforms of the coastal plain have been published by several authors, including Black (1951), Rickert and Tedrow (1967), and Walker (1967 and 1973). Many of the dunes discussed by these authors are associated with modern floodplains. Black (1951), however, outlined an area of stabilized longitudinal, parabolic, and multicyclic dunes occurring over an area of 12,950 sq km west of the Colville River, which includes the area discussed in this report. Black (1951, p. 93) characterized the dunes as being most abundant on crests of ridges and other topographic irregularities, and pointed out that they are commonly associated with the cut banks of large lakes and streams. He described the longitudinal dunes as generally less than 1,000 m long, but as much as 2,500 m in length and stated that they \"...appear to be only a few feet thick, although some may be as much as 10 to 20 feet thick.\" Field investigations during the summer of 1977 on the Arctic Coastal Plain (Williams and others, 1977) disclosed that, over at least a portion of this area, the ridges upon which the small dunes described by Black are superimposed, and the cut banks associated with the dunes, consist of eolian deposits that comprise the major part of the Gubik Formation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78320","usgsCitation":"Carter, L.D., and Robinson, S., 1978, Eolian sand and interbedded organic horizons at Kealok Creek on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska: possible regional implications: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-320, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78320.","productDescription":"26 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419939,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0320/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141350,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0320/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Coastal Plain, Kealok Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154.87451671608443,\n              71.08867605115762\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.87451671608443,\n              70.23422213524944\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.3603994579238,\n              70.23422213524944\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.3603994579238,\n              71.08867605115762\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.87451671608443,\n              71.08867605115762\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db60213c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, L. David","contributorId":16827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, S.W.","contributorId":30985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44086,"text":"ofr78265 - 1978 - Susceptibility of coastal plain aquifers to contamination, Fairfax County, Virginia; a computer composite map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:27","indexId":"ofr78265","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-265","title":"Susceptibility of coastal plain aquifers to contamination, Fairfax County, Virginia; a computer composite map","docAbstract":"A map is presented that classifies the Coastal Plain of Fairfax County, Virginia according to the susceptibility of the principal sand aquifers to contamination from surface sources. The following classification is used: (1) areas where leachate can readily enter the principal sand aquifers, (2) areas offering great natural protection against migration of leachate into the aquifers, and, (3) areas where the contamination risk is uncertain and onsite investigations are needed. Approximately 20 percent of the area is in the high-risk category. The map is computer generated and was made by combining four source maps depicting those hydrogeologic factors related to movement of contaminants into the aquifers. These factors are (1) lithologic character of the upper 25 feet of sediments, (2) clay thickness above uppermost sand aquifer, (3) hydraulic gradient direction and head difference between water table and artesian head in principal aquifer, and (4) areal occurrence of moderate to high transmissiviry aquifers. The map is designed to be used by planners with little or no earth-science background, however, a technical discussion for hydrologists and geologists is also provided. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr78265","usgsCitation":"Johnston, R.H., and Van Driel, J.N., 1978, Susceptibility of coastal plain aquifers to contamination, Fairfax County, Virginia; a computer composite map: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-265, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78265.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":81478,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0265/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"48000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688096","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, Richard H.","contributorId":95860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Driel, J. Nicholas","contributorId":80688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Driel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Nicholas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":17504,"text":"ofr78672 - 1978 - Preliminary catalog of earthquakes in southern California, October 1976-September 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-29T19:38:40.563108","indexId":"ofr78672","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-672","title":"Preliminary catalog of earthquakes in southern California, October 1976-September 1977","docAbstract":"<p>There has been a continuing demand on the part of many persons, institutions, commercial companies, government agencies, and so forth for up-to-date maps and tables of earthquakes in southern California. Unfortunately, final catalogs of earthquakes such as Hileman and others (1973), Hill and others (1975a), and Friedman and others (1976) lag in publication as long as two years beyond the end of the recording periods which they cover, owing to the time-consuming process of re-reading seismograms to improve earthquake locations. It is, thus, the intent of this report to make public a preliminary version of the catalog(s) that will cover the period October 1976 -September 1977. This catalog is similar to that of Fuis and others (1977) which covers a prior period of time from June 1974 -September 1976.</p><p>The three most serious problems with this catalog are 1) incomplete reporting of earthquake magnitudes, 2) use of more than one crustal model for locating earthquakes in a given area, and 3) inclusion of blasts. These problems will be corrected for the final catalog(s), but we felt that they should not hold up release of this preliminary catalog.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78672","usgsCitation":"Fuis, G.S., Whitcomb, J., Johnson, C., Jenkins, D., Ritcher, K., Blanchard, A., Fischer, S., and Reed, B., 1978, Preliminary catalog of earthquakes in southern California, October 1976-September 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-672, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78672.","productDescription":"84 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":425088,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0672/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149384,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0672/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"southern California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.10176519434873,\n              34.685776124409855\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.10176519434873,\n              32.60481231668341\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.46605047084094,\n              32.60481231668341\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.46605047084094,\n              34.685776124409855\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.10176519434873,\n              34.685776124409855\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a07c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuis, Gary S. 0000-0002-3078-1544 fuis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1544","contributorId":2639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"Gary","email":"fuis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":176629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitcomb, J.H.","contributorId":69142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitcomb","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, C.E.","contributorId":31741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jenkins, D.J.","contributorId":90306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ritcher, K.J.","contributorId":41441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritcher","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blanchard, A.C.","contributorId":52594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fischer, S.A.","contributorId":103299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reed, B.A.","contributorId":41007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":6432,"text":"pp1044D - 1978 - Numerical modeling of liquid geothermal systems","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16069,"text":"ofr75613 - 1975 - Numerical modeling of liquid geothermal systems","indexId":"ofr75613","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Numerical modeling of liquid geothermal systems"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":6432,"text":"pp1044D - 1978 - Numerical modeling of liquid geothermal systems","indexId":"pp1044D","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Numerical modeling of liquid geothermal systems"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-17T16:38:52.593267","indexId":"pp1044D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1044","chapter":"D","title":"Numerical modeling of liquid geothermal systems","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1044D","usgsCitation":"Sorey, M., 1978, Numerical modeling of liquid geothermal systems: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1044, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1044D.","productDescription":"25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":33843,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1044d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117947,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1044d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696864","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38701,"text":"pp813P - 1978 - Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T18:44:45","indexId":"pp813P","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"813","chapter":"P","title":"Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Alaska has enormous surface-water resources, but many of the streams are frozen for most of the year and most contain glacial silt that makes them unacceptable for human use. These factors lend special significance to ground water as a water-supply source, even though perennially frozen ground (permafrost) profoundly modifies ground-water flow systems in much of Alaska north of the maritime southern coast and southeastern panhandle areas. Frozen ground is a virtually impermeable layer that restricts recharge, discharge, and movement of ground water, acts as a confining layer and limits the volume of unconsolidated deposits and bedrock in which water may be stored.</p>\n<p>Ground water is an untested resource in most of Alaska, but in many areas potential development of ground water far exceeds current use. Alluvium of major river valleys, such as the Yukon, Tanana, Kuskokwim and Susitna Rivers, probably contains the most extensive aquifers in the State. Large amounts of ground water are also stored in glacial outwash aquifers that underlie coastal basins and valleys, such as those at Kenai and Anchorage in the Cook Inlet lowland. Individual wells yielding more than 1,000 gallons per minute have been developed in the Tanana River valley, Cook Inlet lowland, and the coastal valleys at Seward and Juneau. Comparable yields should be possible in other areas that have similar geohydrologic environments. No major aquifers have been identified in glacial and glaciolacustrine deposits of interior valleys or in deltaic deposits. Major bedrock aquifers have been identified only in carbonate rocks of the Brooks Range and on the north side of the Alaska Range. Springs issuing from the carbonate rocks of the Brooks Range have discharges as great as 16,000 gallons per minute.</p>\n<p>Most ground-water recharge occurs beneath reaches of stream channels that are losing flow to the ground-water system. Most ground-water discharge also takes place along reaches of stream channels. This discharge augments streamflows during summer and maintains low flows during winter when there is no surface-water runoff. On the basis of a streamflow hydrograph separation technique and using the 60 percent flow-duration value as an indicator of ground-water discharge, it is estimated that 25 percent of the total volume of streamflow in Alaska (exclusive of coastal, maritime environments) is contributed by ground-water discharge.</p>\n<p>The thawing of frozen ground in the permafrost regions of Alaska causes construction and engineering problems. Disturbance of the ground surface disrupts the natural thermal equilibrium and tends to thaw part of the permafrost. Thawing can cause loss of strength, a decrease in volume, and an increase in erosion potential, particularly if the frozen ground is fine grained and poorly drained.</p>\n<p>Present deficiencies in the ground-water information base are obvious limiting factors to ground-water development in Alaska. There is a need to extend the ground-water data-collection network and to pursue special research into the quantitative aspects of ground-water hydrology in cold regions, particularly the continuous permafrost zone.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp813P","usgsCitation":"Zenone, C., and Anderson, G.S., 1978, Summary appraisals of the Nation's ground-water resources; Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 813, vi., 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp813P.","productDescription":"vi., 28 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813p/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65555,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813p/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.84 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Chester","contributorId":8094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zenone","given":"Chester","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Gary S.","contributorId":36534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70161980,"text":"70161980 - 1978 - Simulation model of <i>Cryptomonas ovata</i> population dynamics in southern Kootenay Lake, British Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T10:53:41","indexId":"70161980","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation model of <i>Cryptomonas ovata</i> population dynamics in southern Kootenay Lake, British Columbia","docAbstract":"<div>A one-dimensional transient model is developed to simulate observed population dynamics of a small flagellate (<i>Cryptomonas ovata</i>) in southern Kootenay Lake, B.C., during a 1-year period (1 June 1974-31 May 1975). The model considers advective displacement of&nbsp;<i>C. ovata</i>&nbsp;as water flows from its southern entrance into the lake and moves northward toward sampling sites. Specific growth rate is computed from an experimentally determined function of mean irradiance, water temperature, and nutrient (ammonium and phosphate) concentration in the upper 10 m of the water column. Cell losses are assumed to result from zooplankton grazing and inhibition due to presence of the blue-green alga&nbsp;<i>Anabaena</i>.</div>\n<div>The model simulates well the timing and magnitude of all observed population changes and, more importantly, it gives insight into the important mechanisms which regulate population density of&nbsp;<i>C. ovata</i>&nbsp;in this natural system.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0304-3800(78)90004-2","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., 1978, Simulation model of <i>Cryptomonas ovata</i> population dynamics in southern Kootenay Lake, British Columbia: Ecological Modelling, v. 4, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(78)90004-2.","productDescription":"17 p.","endPage":"133","numberOfPages":"149","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314140,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"British Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Lake Kootenay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.99066162109375,\n              49.20503726723141\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.99066162109375,\n              50.17162093714734\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.597900390625,\n              50.17162093714734\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.597900390625,\n              49.20503726723141\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.99066162109375,\n              49.20503726723141\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5694e051e4b039675d005e6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70162165,"text":"70162165 - 1978 - A von Bertalanffy growth model with a seasonally varying coefficient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T11:28:07","indexId":"70162165","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A von Bertalanffy growth model with a seasonally varying coefficient","docAbstract":"<p><span>The von Bertalanffy model of body growth is inappropriate for organisms whose growth is restricted to a seasonal period because it assumes that growth rate is invariant with time. Incorporation of a time-varying coefficient significantly improves the capability of the von Bertalanffy equation to describe changing body size of both the bivalve mollusc&nbsp;</span><i>Macoma balthica</i><span>in San Francisco Bay and the flathead sole,&nbsp;</span><i>Hippoglossoides elassodon</i><span>, in Washington state. This simple modification of the von Bertalanffy model should offer improved predictions of body growth for a variety of other aquatic animals.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/f78-231","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., and Nichols, F.H., 1978, A von Bertalanffy growth model with a seasonally varying coefficient: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 35, no. 11, p. 1479-1482, https://doi.org/10.1139/f78-231.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1479","endPage":"1482","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314344,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5698d4bbe4b0fbd3f7fa4c04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":588726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, Frederic H.","contributorId":25548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Frederic","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":588727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70157215,"text":"70157215 - 1978 - Digital and photographic processing study for shallow seas mapping from landsat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:12:50","indexId":"70157215","displayToPublicDate":"1978-12-31T20:30:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":383,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Digital and photographic processing study for shallow seas mapping from landsat","docAbstract":"<p>The application of contrast stretch and haze removal techniques to Landsat/MSS imagery for shallow seas bathymetry is discussed. The application of these techniques is based upon procedures inherent in the EDIPS system processing. Application of both MSS band 4 and band 5 data are discussed in lx and 3x gain mode. Both quantitative and qualitative (imagery) data are used to demonstrate the existence of bathymetric information after EDIPS processing.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70157215","usgsCitation":"Bauer, B.P., and Perry, L., 1978, Digital and photographic processing study for shallow seas mapping from landsat: Technical Report, iv, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70157215.","productDescription":"iv, 44 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70157215.JPG"},{"id":309567,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70157215/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f7efcae4b05d6c4e4fa9a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bauer, Brian P.","contributorId":58946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, Lincoln","contributorId":147670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perry","given":"Lincoln","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207277,"text":"70207277 - 1978 - Oxygen isotope composition of subglacially precipitated calcite: Possible paleoclimatic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-16T06:44:31","indexId":"70207277","displayToPublicDate":"1978-12-31T15:28:58","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen isotope composition of subglacially precipitated calcite: Possible paleoclimatic implications","docAbstract":"<p><span>Isotopic analyses of subglacially precipitated calcite from near a modern temperate glacier show that the δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O (=&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O/&nbsp;</span><sup>16</sup><span>O relative to standard mean ocean water) of the calcite records the δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O of the ice from that glacier. It may therefore be possible to determine the δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O of Pleistocene ice sheets on the basis of isotopic analyses of calcite formed under that ancient ice. This, in turn, would allow estimation of the δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O of Pleistocene oceans and correction of the paleotemperature scale based on foraminiferal oxygen isotopic analyses. Copyright&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Science ","doi":"10.1126/science.200.4347.1267","issn":" 00368075","usgsCitation":"Hanshaw, B., and Hallet, B., 1978, Oxygen isotope composition of subglacially precipitated calcite: Possible paleoclimatic implications: Science, v. 200, no. 4347, p. 1267-1270, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.200.4347.1267.","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"1267","endPage":"1270","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370284,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"200","issue":"4347","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanshaw, B.B.","contributorId":25928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanshaw","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hallet, B.","contributorId":221246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hallet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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